THE ANIXTER STANDARDS

REFERENCE GUIDE
December 2002

A REFERENCE GUIDE TO:

ISO/IEC 11801 : ISS2

ANSI/TIA/EIA-568-B

ANSI/TIA/EIA-569-A

ANSI/TIA/EIA-606-A
 INTRODUCTION 6 ANSI/TIA/EIA-568-B 21
ANIXTER: THE CABLING SYSTEMS EXPERTS 6 PURPOSE OF THE STANDARD 21
SCOPE OF THIS HANDBOOK 6 The Standard Specifies 21

ISO/IEC 11801 7 ANSI/TIA/EIA-568-B.1 22

2ND EDITION 7 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS 22
CABLING FOR CUSTOMER PREMISES 7 SIX SUBSYSTEMS OF A STRUCTURED CABLING SYSTEM 22
Cabling Subsystems 7 1. Building Entrance 22
Campus Backbone Cabling Subsystem 7 2. Equipment Room 22
Building Backbone Cabling Subsystem 8 3. Backbone Cabling 23
Horizontal Cabling Subsystem 8 4. Telecommunications Room 25
Distributors 9 5. Horizontal Cabling 25
Telecommunications Outlet (TO) 10 Multi-user Telecommunications Outlet Assembly 26
Single-User TO Assembly 10 Consolidation Point 27
Multi-User TO Assembly 10 Centralised Optical Fibre Cabling 28
Consolidation Point 10 6. Work Area 29
Floor Distributor (FD) & Building Distributor (BD) 11 Work Area Components 29
Performance of Balanced Cabling 11 Telecommunications Outlet 29
Layout 12 CHANNEL AND PERMANENT LINK 31
Insertion Loss/Attenuation 13 Definitions of Electrical Parameters 32
Classification of Balanced Cabling 15
Balanced Cabling Performance 15
ANSI/TIA/EIA-568-B.2 37
Optical Fibre Cables 15
Multimode Optical Fibre Cables 16 BALANCED TWISTED-PAIR CABLING COMPONENTS 37
Singlemode Optical Fibre Cables 17 100 OHM UNSHIELDED TWISTED-PAIR CABLING SYSTEMS 37
Connecting Hardware 17 Horizontal Cable 37
Telecommunications Outlet Requirements 18 Category 3 37
Optical Fibre Hardware 19 Category 5e 37
Screening Practices 19 Category 6 37
Test Procedures 19 Bundled & Hybrid Cable 40
UTP Connecting Hardware 40
UTP Patch Cords 42

2 3
 ANSI/TIA/EIA-568-B.3 Plenum/Ceiling 62
45 Conduit 62
OPTICAL FIBRE CABLING COMPONENTS 45 Cable Trays 62
Optical Fibre Connector 46 Perimeter Pathways 63
Optical Fibre Telecommunications Outlet 46 CONSOLIDATION POINTS & MUTOA’S 64
Patch Cords 47 ELECTROMAGNETIC INTERFERENCE 65
FIRESTOPS 66

ISO/TIA COMPARISON 48
ANSI/TIA/EIA-606-A 68
GUIDE TO DIFFERENCES IN STANDARDS 48
CATEGORY 6 TO CLASS E COMPARISON 48 PURPOSE OF THE STANDARD 68
ADMINISTRATION SYSTEM 69
CLASSES OF ADMINISTRATION 70
ANSI/TIA/EIA-569-A 54 CLASS 1 70
PURPOSE OF THE STANDARD 54 Infrastructure Identifiers 70
DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS 55 Required Records 71
SERVICE ENTRANCE PATHWAYS 55 CLASS 2 71
ENTRANCE FACILITIES 56 Infrastructure Identifiers 71
EQUIPMENT ROOM 57 Required Records 72
Location 58 CLASS 3 73
Perimeters 58 Infrastructure Identifiers 73
Limited Access 58 Required Records 73
Other 58 CLASS 4 74
HVAC 58 Infrastructure Identifiers 74
Lighting 58 Required Records 74
Electrical 59 COLOUR CODING IDENTIFICATION 75
Dust 59 Termination Fields 75
INTRABUILDING BACKBONE PATHWAYS 59
Backbone & Horizontal Pathways 60 FURTHER INFORMATION 78
TELECOMMUNICATIONS ROOM 60 LOOK BEYOND THE STANDARDS 78
HORIZONTAL PATHWAYS 61 REFERENCE DOCUMENTS FOR FURTHER INFO 78
Multichannel Raceway 62 OBTANING ISO, TIA & EIA DOCUMENTS 79
Cellular Floor 62 CONTACT ANIXTER 80
Trenchduct 62
Access Floor/Raised Floor 62

4 5
 INTRODUCTION ISO/IEC 11801

ANIXTER: THE CABLING 2ND EDITION

SYSTEMS EXPERTS
CABLING FOR CUSTOMER PREMISES
Look to Anixter when you need any type of communication
The following sections are extracts from the ISO/IEC 11801
infrastructure. Whether you’re looking for data, voice or
2002 2nd Edition, Cabling for Customer Premises, the
video networks, wired or wireless, in an office, campus or
information contained has been taken from the final
factory, Anixter is the company to turn to. We are the one
standards document.
distributor with both the technical understanding to help you
determine the right products for your application and the EN 50173 follows the same path as 11801 and the
unparalleled global distribution capabilities to get you that information is the same as this document.
product, when and where you need it.
Cabling Subsystems
In an effort to continually support you, we have pulled There are three generic cabling subsystems: campus
together some valuable information from ISO/IEC and backbone, building backbone and horizontal cabling.
ANSI/TIA/EIA. The information contained within this These subsystems are connected together to form a
reference guide covers the key aspects of the ISO/IEC generic cabling structure as shown.
11801, ANSI/TIA/EIA-568-B, 569 and 606-A standards.
We hope you find its contents informative and useful.

SCOPE OF THIS HANDBOOK

This document is meant as a reference that highlights the key

points of the ISO/IEC 11801, ANSI/TIA/EIA-568-B, 569
and 606-A standards. It is not intended as a substitute for
the original documents. For further information on any topic
in the guide, refer to the actual standard. See the section
called Reference Documents for instructions on how to order
a copy of the standard itself.
Campus Backbone Cabling Subsystem
The campus subsystem extended from the campus distributor
(CD) to the building distributor (BD) is usually located in
separate buildings. When installed this includes:
• Campus cables.
• Jumpers and patch cords.
• Connecting hardware at both ends to terminate the
campus cable.

6 7
 If a BD does not exist then the campus subsystem extends to
the floor distributor (FD). Campus backbone cable may also
connect BD’s. Such connections are in addition to those
required for basic hierarchical topologies.
Building Backbone Cabling Subsystem
The building cabling subsystem extends from the BD to
the FD. When installed this includes:
• Building backbone cables.
• Jumpers and patch cords.
• Connecting hardware at both ends to terminate the
backbone cable.
Building backbone cables may also interconnect floor
distributors. However these are classed for back up and in
addition to those required for basic hierarchical topologies.
Building backbone cables shall not contain
consolidation points.
Horizontal Cabling Subsystem
The horizontal cabling subsystem extends from the
floor distributor to the telecommunications outlet (TO)
and includes:
• Horizontal cable.
• Mechanical termination at the TO of horizontal cable.
• Mechanical termination at the FD including connecting
hardware e.g. of the interconnect or cross connect.
• Cross connections to application specific equipment at
the FD.
• Consolidation point (CP) (optional).
• Telecommunications outlets.
8 9
Work area and equipment cords are not considered part
of the horizontal cabling subsystem because they are
application specific. Horizontal cable from the FD to the
TO shall be continuous unless a CP is installed.
Distributors
The number and type of subsystems depends on the
requirements of the end user and the size and geography
of the site. Usually there would be one campus distributor
per campus, one building distributor per building and one
floor distributor per floor.
When designing the FD the lengths of patch cords/jumpers
and equipment cords should be kept to a minimum and
administration should ensure that the design does not
exceed the required lengths of this standard.
Distributors should be located as to maintain the cable
lengths required by the channel performance requirements.
Not all applications are supported to the maximum channel
distances set down in Table 1 of the standard using a single
cable type.
Maximum Channel Distances
Channel Length (m)
Horizontal 100m
Horizontal + building backbone + campus backbone 2000m
NOTE: In some implementations of the horizontal cabling subsystem in clause 7
of ISO/IEC11801, the FD may not support TO’s up to the maximum distance shown.
For floor spaces that exceed 1,000m2, a minimum of one
FD should be provided for every 1,000m2 of floor space
reserved for offices. If the floor space is to be sparsely
populated such as a reception area then this may be fed
from an adjacent floor.
 Functions of multiple distributors may be combined, as
an example the CD and BD may be in the same room
physically, this is common when a small site is occupied
or the link to other BD’s requires very little space.
Telecommunications Outlet (TO)
Each work area should be served by a minimum of two
TO’s, for work area size refer to ISO/IEC TR 14763-2.
• The first outlet should be for four pair balanced cable
terminated on a eight position outlet as described on
page 18.
• The second outlet may be for optical fibre or another
four pair outlet.
Single User TO Assembly
Single user TO’s should be located in user accessible locations.
The copper or fibre outlet should be selected to ensure
channel performance is maintained.
Multi-User TO Assembly (MUTOA)
In open office environments an assembly of multipule
TO’s may be used to serve more than one work area.
A multi-user TO assembly should be limited to serving a
maximum of twelve work areas. This assembly should be
user accessible and mounted on a permanent location such
as a building column or permanent wall.
The length of the work area cord should be limited to ensure
cable management in the work area.
Consolidation Point
Installation of a consolidation point (CP) in the work area is
permitted between the FD and the TO. The CP shall only
contain passive connecting hardware and shall not be used
as a cross connect.
10
• The CP shall be placed so that one work area is served
by at least one CP.
• The CP’s shall be limited to serving a maximum of
12 work areas.
• For balanced cabling the CP shall be placed a minimum
of 15m from the FD.
• The CP shall be placed in an accessible position.
• A CP shall be part of the administration system.
Floor Distributor (FD) & Building Distributor (BD)
The FD shall provide all facilities (space, power,
environmental, control etc.) for passive components, active
devices, and external network interfaces housed within it.
Backbone cabling shall have direct access to the FD.
The BD is a location within a building that houses
equipment. BD’s are different from FD’s due to the nature
of the complexity of the equipment (e.g. PABX or computer
equipment). More than one distributor may be housed in
an equipment room. If a FD serves more than one BD it
should be considered an equipment room.
Performance of Balanced Cabling
This specifies the minimum performance of generic balanced
cabling. The performance specifications are placed in
six classes A to F for balanced cabling. This allows for
successful transmission of applications over channels.
Channel performance requirements described in this
document may be used for the design and verification
of any implementation of the ISO11801 standard.
The channel, permanent link and CP link performance
specification of the relevant class shall meet all temperatures
at which the cabling is intended to operate.
11
 Compatibility between cables used in the same channel or
permanent link shall be maintained throughout the cabling
system. For example, connections between cables with
different nominal characteristic impedance shall not
be made.
Layout
The channel comprises of only passive sections of cable,
connecting hardware, work area cords, equipment cords
and patch cords.
The channel is composed of 90m of solid conductor cable,
10m of cord(s) and four connections.
Insertion Loss/Attenuation
Previous editions of the ISO11801 standard used the term
‘attenuation’ which is still widely used in the cable industry.
However due to impedance mismatches in cabling systems
this characteristic is better described as ‘insertion loss’.
In this guide insertion loss is used to describe the signal
attenuation over the length of the channel, links and
components. However it should be clearly understood
that insertion loss is not a length specific characteristic.
The performance limits for the permanent link are given
in the following tables, these figures are for maximum
implementation. These limits are derived from the
performance limits assuming that the permanent link
is composed of 90m of solid conductor cable and
three connectors.

Class D Permanent Link

Frequency Insertion NEXT PSNEXT ELFEXT PSELFEXT Return
(MHz) Loss (dB) (dB) (dB) (dB) (dB) Loss (dB)
1.0 4.0 60.0 57.0 58.6 55.6 19.0
16.0 7.7 45.2 42.2 34.5 31.5 19.0
100.0 20.4 32.3 29.3 18.6 15.6 12.0

The insertion loss for CP cable to TO may differ from that

of both fixed horizontal cables and cords. Table 21 within
the standard gives equations for calculating maximum Class E Permanent Link
channel lengths. Frequency Insertion NEXT PSNEXT ELFEXT PSELFEXT Return
(MHz) Loss (dB) (dB) (dB) (dB) (dB) Loss (dB)
The performance of a permanent link is specified for
1.0 4.0 65.0 62.0 64.2 61.2 21.0
horizontal cabling at and between the TO and the first patch
16.0 7.1 54.6 52.2 40.1 37.1 20.0
panel at the other end of the horizontal cable. This may
100.0 18.5 41.8 39.3 24.2 21.2 14.0
contain a CP.
250.0 30.7 35.3 32.7 16.2 13.2 10.0
For Definitions of Electrical Parameters see page 32.

12 13
 Class F Permanent Link Class F Channel
Frequency Insertion NEXT PSNEXT ELFEXT PSELFEXT Return Frequency Insertion NEXT PSNEXT ELFEXT PSELFEXT Return
(MHz) Loss (dB) (dB) (dB) (dB) (dB) Loss (dB) (MHz) Loss (dB) (dB) (dB) (dB) (dB) Loss (dB)
1.0 4.0 65.0 62.0 65.0 62.0 21.0 1.0 4.0 65.0 62.0 65.0 62.0 19.0
16.0 6.9 65.0 62.0 59.3 56.3 20.0 16.0 8.1 65.0 62.0 57.5 54.5 18.0
100.0 17.7 65.0 62.0 46.0 43.0 14.0 100.0 20.8 62.9 59.9 44.4 41.4 12.0
250.0 28.8 60.4 57.4 39.2 36.2 10.0 250.0 33.8 56.9 53.9 37.8 34.8 8.0
600.0 46.6 54.7 51.7 32.6 29.6 10.0 600.0 54.6 51.2 48.2 31.3 28.3 8.0

The performance limits of the channel are given in
the following tables, these figures are for maximum
implementation. These limits are derived from the
performance limits assuming that the channel is
composed of 90m of solid conductor cable, 10m
of cord(s) and four connectors.
Classification of Balanced Cabling
ISO/IEC 11801 standard specifies the following classes
for balanced cabling.
Class A is specified up to 100kHz.
Class B is specified up to 1MHz.

Class C is specified up to 16MHz.

Class D Channel
Class D is specified up to 100MHz.
Frequency Insertion NEXT PSNEXT ELFEXT PSELFEXT Return
(MHz) Loss (dB) (dB) (dB) (dB) (dB) Loss (dB) Class E is specified up to 250MHz.
1.0 4.0 60.0 57.0 57.4 54.4 17.0
16.0 9.1 43.6 40.6 33.3 30.3 17.0 Class F is specified up to 600MHz.
100.0 24.0 30.1 27.1 17.4 14.4 10.0 Channels, permanent links and CP links shall be installed
to provide a minimum of Class D performance.
Class E Channel Balanced Cabling Performance
Frequency Insertion NEXT PSNEXT ELFEXT PSELFEXT Return The nominal impedance of channels, permanent links
(MHz) Loss (dB) (dB) (dB) (dB) (dB) Loss (dB) and CP links is 100 ohm.
1.0 4.0 65.0 62.0 63.3 60.3 19.0
16.0 8.3 53.2 50.6 39.2 36.2 18.0 Optical Fibre Cables
100.0 21.7 39.9 37.1 23.3 20.3 12.0 There are four types of optical fibre specified to support
250.0 35.9 33.1 30.2 15.3 12.3 8.0 varying applications, three multimode types and one
singlemode type.

14 15
 The following table gives the optical attenuation as a Singlemode Optical Fibre Cables
maximum in dB’s per kilometre. As with multimode fibre there are three requirements:
• Optical fibre requirements: The optical fibre shall
OM1, OM2, & OM3 Multimode OS1 Singlemode conform to IEC 60793-2 type B1 and ITU-T G.652.
Wavelength 850nm 1300nm 1310nm 1550nm • Cable transmission performance requirements:
Attenuation 3.5 1.5 1.0 1.0 a) Attenuation, each optical fibre in the cable shall
have an attenuation in accordance with the
Multimode Optical Fibre Cables measurement requirements in IEC 60793-1-40.
There are three parts to the requirements of multimode b) Cut-off wavelength, of cabled singlemode optical
cables, they are: fibre shall be less than 1260nm in accordance to
measurement requirements in IEC 60793-1-44.
• Optical fibre requirements: The optical fibre shall
• Physical cable requirements: Indoor and outdoor cables
be graded index with nominal 50/125 µm or
shall meet mechanical and environmental requirements
62.5/125 µm core/cladding diameter and numerical
from IEC 60794-2 and IEC 60794-3.
aperture complying with IEC 60793-2.
• Cable transmission performance requirements: Each Connecting Hardware
optical fibre shall meet the performance of the above Connecting hardware refers to the connectors, panels and
table. Attenuation and modal bandwidth shall be ancillary products that are terminated on to the copper or
measured in accordance with IEC 60793-1. fibre cable. This is installed in the:
• Physical cable requirements: The indoor and outdoor • Campus Distributor (CD)
optical fibre cable shall meet mechanical and • Building Distributor (BD)
environmental requirements from IEC 60794-2 • Floor Distributor (FD)
and IEC 60794-3. • Consolidation Point (CP)
• Telecommunications Outlet (TO)
The following table gives modal bandwidth for multimode
optical fibres shown as the minimum modal bandwidth as
In addition to the location of connecting hardware it should
MHz.km.
also be designed to provide:
Optical Core Diameter Overfilled Launch Effective Laser • Means to identify cabling for installation
and administration.
Fibre Type In µm Bandwidth Launch Bandwidth
• Means to permit cable management.
850nm 1300nm 850nm
• Means to access, monitor or test cabling
OM1 50 or 62.5 200 500 Unspecified
and components.
OM2 50 or 62.5 500 500 Unspecified
• Protect against physical damage and contamination.
OM3 50 1500 500 2000

16 17
 • Space efficiency for termination density and ease
of administration.
• Means to ensure screening and bonding requirements
when required.
Telecommunications Outlet Requirements
Cabling Classes A to F; each horizontal balanced cable
shall be terminated at the telecommunications outlet with
an unkeyed socket and shall comply with the pin and pair
assignments as shown.
Plugs and sockets shall be intermateable and backward
compatible with previous category performance. Backward
compatibility means that mated connectors shall meet all of
the requirements of the lowest performing
component.
18
Optical Fibre Hardware
Telecommunications outlet optical fibres shall be terminated
on to the horizontal cabling at the TO with a duplex SC
connector as specified in IEC 60874-19-1. Connectors
at locations other than the TO shall meet the optical,
mechanical and environmental requirements of
IEC 60874-19-1.
Screening Practices
The procedures must provide adequate earthing for both
electrical and EM performance, are subject to local and
national regulations, always in accordance with
ISO/IEC TR 14763-2.
Earthing and bonding shall be in accordance with
applicable electrical codes or IEC 60364-1.
Test Procedures
Testing of balanced cabling channels, permanent links
and CP links shall follow test procedures as specified
in IEC 61953-1.
Testing of optical fibre channels are specified in
IEC 61280-4-1 Ed.1.0, IEC 61280-4-2 Ed.1.0 and
IEC 61280-4-3 Ed. 1.0.
All figures shown in the tables are informative. For full
calculation values please see the latest full standard.
19
 ANSI/TIA/EIA-568-B

Notes THE PURPOSE OF THE STANDARD

• Establish a generic telecommunications cabling standard

that will support a multivendor environment.
• Enable the planning and installation of a structured
cabling system for commercial buildings.
• Establish performance and technical criteria for various
cabling system configurations.

The Standard Specifies:

• Minimum requirements for telecommunications cabling

within an office environment.
• Recommended topology and distances.
• Media parameters which determine performance.
• Connector and pin assignments to ensure
interconnectability.
• The useful life of telecommunications cabling systems
as being in excess of ten years.

Building telecommunications cabling specified by this

standard is intended to support a wide range of different
commercial building sites and applications (e.g. voice, data,
text, video and image). Typically, this range includes sites
with a geographical extent from 3000-1,000,000m2 of
office space, and with a population of up to 50,000
individual users.

This standard replaces ANSI/TIA/EIA-568-A dated

6 October 1995. This standard also incorporates and
refines the technical content of TSB67, TSB72, TSB75,
TSB95 and TIA/EIA-568-A-1, A-2, A-3, A-4 and A-5.

20 21
 ANSI/TIA/EIA-568-B.1

GENERAL REQUIREMENTS telecommunications rooms. Any or all of the functions

of a telecommunications room may be provided by an
THE SIX SUBSYSTEMS OF A equipment room.
STRUCTURED CABLING SYSTEM 3. Backbone Cabling
The backbone cabling provides interconnection between
telecommunication rooms, equipment rooms and
entrance facilities.

It consists of the backbone cables, intermediate and main

cross-connects, mechanical terminations and patch cords or
jumpers used for backbone-to-backbone cross-connection.
This includes:
• Vertical connection between floors (risers).
• Cables between an equipment room and building
cable entrance facilities.
• Cables between buildings (interbuilding).

1. Building Entrance
Building entrance facilities provide the point at which
outdoor cabling interfaces with the intrabuilding backbone
cabling. The physical requirements of the network interface
are defined in the TIA/EIA-569-A standard.
2. Equipment Room
The design aspects of the equipment room are specified in
the TIA/EIA-569-A standard. Equipment rooms usually
house equipment of higher complexity than
Specified Backbone Cabling Topology: Star

22 23
 Other Design Requirements: 4. Telecommunications Room
• No more than two hierarchical levels of backbone A telecommunications room is the area within a building
cross-connects. that houses the telecommunications cabling system
• Star topology. equipment. This includes the mechanical terminations
• Bridge taps are not allowed. and/or cross-connects for the horizontal and backbone
• Main and intermediate cross-connect jumper or patch cabling system. Please refer to TIA/EIA-569-A for the
cord lengths should not exceed 20m. design specifications of the telecommunications room.
• Avoid installing in areas where sources of high levels of
5. Horizontal Cabling
EMI/RFI may exist.
Specified Horizontal Cabling Topology: Star
• Grounding should meet the requirements as defined in
local regulations. The horizontal cabling system extends from the work
area telecommunications (information) outlet to the
Note: It is recommended that the user consult with
telecommunications room and consists of the following:
equipment manufacturers, application standards and
• Horizontal Cabling.
system providers for additional information when planning
• Telecommunications Outlet.
shared-sheath applications on UTP backbone cables.
• Cable Terminations.
• Cross-Connections.
Maximum Backbone Distances
• Patch Cords.
Main to Main to Intermediate
Media Horizontal Intermediate to Horizontal Four media types are recognised as options for horizontal
Type Cross-Connect Cross-Connect Cross-Connect cabling, each extending a maximum distance of 90m:
Copper (Voice*) 800m 500m 300m • 4-pair, 100 ohm UTP/ScTP cable (22 to 24AWG
Multimode 2000m 1700m 300m solid conductors).
Single-mode 3000m 2700m 300m • 2-fibre, 62.5/125µm or 50/125µm optical cable.

Note: Backbone distances are application-dependent. The

maximum distances specified above are based on voice
transmission for UTP/ScTP and data transmission over fibre.
A 90m distance applies to UTP/ScTP at spectral bandwidths of
5–16 MHz for CAT 3 and 20–100 MHz
for CAT 5e.

Current state-of-the-art distribution facilities usually include

a combination of both copper and fibre optic cables in
the backbone.

24 25
 secured furniture cluster. Work area cables may then be
routed through furniture pathways and directly connected to
work area equipment. Each furniture cluster should have one
MUTOA which serves a maximum of 12 work areas. Ceiling
and access floor mounting is not allowed by TIA/EIA-569-A.

Maximum Work Area Cable Length is

Determined by the Following Table:
Length of Maximum Maximum combined length
horizontal length of work of work area cables, patch
cable area cable cords and equipment cable
m m m
90 5 10
85 9 14
Maximum Distances for Horizontal Cabling
80 13 18
In addition to the 90m of horizontal cable, a total of 10m is 75 17 22
allowed for work area and telecommunications room patch 70 22 27
and jumper cables.
Multi-user Telecommunications Outlet Assembly Note: No Work Area cable length may exceed 22m.
Optional practices for open office environments are For optical fibre, any combination of horizontal, work area
specified for any horizontal telecommunications cabling cables, patch cords and equipment cords may not exceed 100m.
recognised in TIA/EIA 568-B.
Consolidation Point

A multi-user telecommunications outlet assembly (MUTOA)

facilitates the termination of multiple horizontal cables in a
common location within a column, wall or permanently

26 27
 A consolidation point differs from a MUTOA in that it
requires an additional connection for each horizontal
cable run.
Only one consolidation point (an interconnection point in
the horizontal cabling) is allowed, at a distance of at least
15m from the telecom room. A transition point (transition
from round to flat under carpet cable) is not allowed. A
consolidation point is installed in unobstructed building
columns, permanent walls, ceilings or access floors
(if accessible).
The multi-user telecommunications outlet and consolidation
point methods are intended to be mutually exclusive. Labelling
and allowance for spares is required. Moves, adds and
changes should be administered in the telecom room.
Centralised Optical Fibre Cabling
The ANSI/TIA/EIA-568-B-1 standard offers maximum
flexibility for distributed electronics for multi-tenant buildings
by providing for single-tenant users who prefer centralised
electronics (i.e. server farms) connected by a fibre horizontal
and fibre backbone.
Centralised Cabling Scheme
28
To connect fibre from the work area to the equipment
room, within a single building, the user may use a splice
or interconnect in the telecom room. The combined distance
limitation is 300m for horizontal, intrabuilding backbone
and patch cords. Alternatively, the user may simply pull
cables through the closet. In this last case, the fibre
horizontal and backbone consist of one continuous fibre
pair, and the pull-through distance limitation is 90m.
Cabling is 62.5/125µm multimode or 50/125µm
multimode. Sufficient space shall be allowed for slack,
addition and removal of cables, spares and conversion to
a full cross-connect system. Labelling shall be in accordance
with TIA/EIA-606-A, with additional labelling to identify
A-B pairs with specific work areas.
6. Work Area
The work area components extend from the telecommunications
(information) outlet to the station equipment. Work area
wiring is designed to be relatively simple to interconnect
so that moves, adds and changes are easily managed.
Work Area Components
• Station Equipment – computers, data terminals,
telephones, etc.
• Patch Cables – modular cords, PC adapter cables,
fibre jumpers, etc.
• Adapters (baluns, etc.) – must be external to
telecommunications outlet.
Telecommunications Outlet
Each work area shall have a minimum of two information
outlet ports: one for voice and one for data. The cabling
choices are indicated in the following diagram.
29
 CHANNEL AND PERMANENT LINK

For the purposes of testing UTP/ScTP cabling systems, the

horizontal channel is assumed to contain a telecommunications
outlet/connector, a transition point, 90m of UTP/ScTP
Category 3, 5e or 6 cable, a cross-connect consisting of two
blocks or panels and a total of 10m of patch cords. The
figure below shows the relationship of these components.

Telecommunications Outlet

Two link configurations are defined for testing purposes.

8-Position Modular Jack Pair Assignments for UTP/ScTP
The permanent link includes the horizontal distribution cable,
telecommunications outlet/connector or transition point and
one horizontal cross-connect component, including the
mated connections. This is assumed to be the permanent
part of a link. The channel is comprised of the permanent
link plus cross-connect equipment, user equipment cord and
cross-connect patch cable.

Minimum Bend Radius

Horizontal UTP (4-pair) 4 x diameter
Horizontal ScTP 8 x diameter
Backbone Cable 10 x diameter
Patch Cord Not determined

30 31
 Definitions of Electrical Parameters Propagation Delay: The time needed for the transmission
Insertion Loss: This term has replaced the term of signal to travel the length of a single pair.
‘attenuation’ (ATTN). It is a measure of the decrease of
Delay Skew: The difference between the propagation
signal strength as it travels down the media.
delay of any two pairs within the same cable sheath. Delay
NEXT (near-end crosstalk): A measure of the skew is caused primarily because twisted pairs are designed
unwanted signal coupling from a transmitter at the near-end to have different twists per foot (lay lengths). Delay skew
into a neighbouring (non-energised) pair measured at the could cause data transmitted over one channel to arrive out
near-end. of sync with data over another channel.
PSNEXT (power sum near-end crosstalk): A The following tables show the limitations for both the
computation of the unwanted signal coupling from multiple permanent links and channel.
transmitters at the near-end into (non-energised) pair
Tests shall also measure physical length of each link, and
measured at the near-end.
employ wire map to verify pin terminations at each end
FEXT (far-end crosstalk): A measure of the unwanted and identify simple electrical faults. Level III field test
signal coupling from a transmitter at the near-end into equipment accuracy is defined.
a neighbouring pair measured at the far-end.
Category 3 Permanent Link
ELFEXT (equal-level far-end crosstalk): A measure
of the unwanted signal coupling from a transmitter at the Frequency (MHz) Insertion Loss (dB) NEXT (dB)
near-end into a neighbouring pair measured at the far-end, 1.0 3.5 40.1
relative to the received signal level measured on that same 4.0 6.2 30.7
pair. (ELFEXT is FEXT adjusted to discount attenuation.) 8.0 8.9 25.9
10.0 9.9 24.3
PSELFEXT (power sum equal-level far-end 16.0 13.0 21.0
crosstalk): A computation of the unwanted signal
Category 3 Permanent Link Requirements
coupling from multiple transmitters at the near-end into
a pair measured at the far-end, relative to the received
signal level on that same pair.

Return Loss: A measure of the degree of impedance

mismatch between two impedances. It is the ratio, expressed
in decibels, of the amplitude of a reflected wave echo to the
amplitude of the main wave at the junction of a transmission
line and a terminating impedance.

32 33
 Category 3 Channel Category 5e Channel
Frequency (MHz) Insertion Loss (dB) NEXT (dB) Frequency Insertion NEXT PSNEXT ELFEXT PSELFEXT Return
1.0 4.2 39.1 (MHz) Loss (dB) (dB) (dB) (dB) (dB) Loss (dB)
4.0 7.3 29.3 1.0 2.2 >60 >57 57.4 54.4 17.0
8.0 10.2 24.3 4.0 4.5 53.5 50.5 45.4 42.4 17.0
10.0 11.5 22.7 8.0 6.3 48.6 45.6 39.3 36.3 17.0
16.0 14.9 19.3 10.0 7.1 47.0 44.0 37.4 34.4 17.0
16.0 9.1 43.6 40.6 33.3 30.3 17.0
Category 3 Channel Requirements
20.0 10.2 42.0 39.0 31.4 28.4 17.0
25.0 11.4 40.3 37.3 29.4 26.4 16.0
31.25 12.9 38.7 35.7 27.5 24.5 15.1
Category 5e Permanent Link 62.5 18.6 33.6 30.6 21.5 18.5 12.1
Frequency Insertion NEXT PSNEXT ELFEXT PSELFEXT Return 100.0 24.0 30.1 27.1 17.4 14.4 10.0
(MHz) Loss (dB) (dB) (dB) (dB) (dB) Loss (dB) Category 5e Channel Requirements
1.0 2.1 >60 >57 58.6 55.6 19.0
Maximum channel propagation delay: 555ns @ 10MHz
4.0 3.9 54.8 51.8 46.6 43.6 19.0
Maximum channel delay skew: 50ns @ 100MHz
8.0 5.5 50.0 47.0 40.6 37.5 19.0
10.0 6.2 48.5 45.5 38.6 35.6 19.0
Category 6 Permanent Link
16.0 7.9 45.2 42.2 34.5 31.5 19.0
Frequency Insertion NEXT PSNEXT ELFEXT PSELFEXT Return
20.0 8.9 43.7 40.7 32.6 29.6 19.0
(MHz) Loss (dB) (dB) (dB) (dB) (dB) Loss (dB)
25.0 10.0 42.1 39.1 30.7 27.7 18.0
1.0 1.9 65.0 62.0 64.2 61.2 19.1
31.25 11.2 40.5 37.5 28.7 25.7 17.1
4.0 3.5 64.1 61.8 52.1 49.1 21.0
62.5 16.2 35.7 32.7 22.7 19.7 14.1
10.0 5.5 57.8 55.5 44.2 41.2 21.0
100.0 21.0 32.3 29.3 18.6 15.6 12.0
16.0 7.0 54.6 52.2 40.1 37.1 20.0
Category 5e Permanent Link Requirements 31.25 10.0 50.0 47.5 34.3 31.3 18.5
Maximum link propagation delay: 518ns @ 10MHz 62.5 14.4 45.1 42.7 28.3 25.3 16.0
Maximum link delay skew: 45ns @ 100MHz 100.0 18.6 41.8 39.3 24.2 21.2 14.0
200.0 27.4 36.9 34.3 18.2 15.2 11.0
250.0 31.1 35.3 32.7 16.2 13.2 10.0

Maximum Cat 6 permanent link propagation delay: less than 498ns

@ 10 MHz
Maximum Cat 6 permanent link delay skew: less than
44ns/100m @ 10 MHz

34 35
 ANSI/TIA/EIA-568-B.2

Category 6 Channel BALANCED TWISTED-PAIR

Frequency Insertion NEXT PSNEXT ELFEXT PSELFEXT Return CABLING COMPONENTS
(MHz) Loss (dB) (dB) (dB) (dB) (dB) Loss (dB)
1.0 2.1 65.0 62.0 63.3 60.3 19.0 100 OHM UNSHIELDED TWISTED-PAIR (UTP/ScTP)
4.0 4.0 63.0 60.0 51.2 48.21 19.0 CABLING SYSTEMS
10.0 6.3 56.6 54.0 43.3 40.3 19.0
Horizontal Cable
16.0 8.0 53.2 50.6 39.2 36.2 18.0
As transmission rates have increased, higher performance
31.25 11.4 48.4 45.7 33.4 30.4 16.5
UTP/ScTP cabling has become a necessity. In addition,
62.5 16.5 43.4 40.6 27.3 24.3 14.0
100.0 21.3 39.9 37.1 23.3 20.3 12.0
some means of classifying horizontal UTP/ScTP cables and
200.0 31.5 34.8 31.9 17.2 14.2 9.0
connecting hardware by performance capability had to be
250.0 35.9 33.1 30.2 15.3 12.3 8.0
established. These capabilities have been broken down
to a series of categories. The following categories are
Maximum Cat 6/ClassE channel propogation delay: less currently recognised:
than 555ns @ 10MHz
Category 3
Maximum Cat 6/ClassE channel delay skew: less than
Cables/connecting hardware with transmission parameters
50ns/100m @ 10MHz
characterised up to 16MHz
Category 5e
Cables/connecting hardware with transmission parameters
characterised up to 100MHz
Category 6
Cables/connecting hardware with transmission parameters
characterised up to 250MHz

36 37
 Characteristic impedance of horizontal cabling=100ohms
Category 3 Horizontal & Backbone Cable (100m) ±15 percent from 1MHz to the highest referenced frequency
Frequency Insertion NEXT PSNEXT (16 or 100MHz) of a particular category.
(MHz) Loss (dB) (dB) (dB)
*Requirements for 25-pair cable are identical to those for
0.772 2.2 43.0 43
4-pair cable.
1.0 2.6 40.3 41
4.0 5.6 32.3 32
8.0 8.5 27.8 28
Category 6 Solid Horizontal & Backbone Cable (100m)*
10.0 9.7 26.3 26
16.0 13.1 23.2 23 Frequency Insertion NEXT PSNEXT ELFEXT PSELFEXT Return
(MHz) Loss (dB) (dB) (dB) (dB) (dB) Loss (dB)
Category 3 Horizontal & Backbone Cable 0.772 1.8 76.0 74.0 70.0 67.0 –
1.0 2.0 74.3 72.3 67.8 64.8 20.0
Max Cat 3 cable propagation delay: 545ns/100m @ 10MHz
Maximum Cat 3 cable delay skew: 45ns/100m @ 16MHz 4.0 3.8 65.3 63.3 55.8 52.8 23.0
8.0 5.3 60.8 58.8 49.7 46.7 24.5
Category 5e Horizontal & Backbone Cable (100m) 10.0 6.0 59.3 57.3 47.8 44.8 25.0
16.0 7.6 56.2 54.2 43.7 40.7 25.0
Frequency Insertion NEXT* PSNEXT ELFEXT* PSELFEXT Return
(MHz) Loss (dB) (dB) (dB) (dB) (dB) Loss (dB) 20.0 8.5 54.8 52.8 41.8 38.8 25.0
0.772 1.8 67.0 64.0 19.4 25.0 9.5 53.3 51.3 39.8 36.8 24.3
1.0 2.0 65.3 62.3 63.8 60.8 20.0 31.25 10.7 51.9 49.9 37.9 34.9 23.6
4.0 4.1 56.3 53.3 51.8 48.8 23.0 62.5 15.4 47.4 45.4 31.9 28.9 21.5
8.0 5.8 51.8 48.8 45.7 42.7 24.5 100.0 19.8 44.3 42.3 27.8 24.8 20.1
10.0 6.5 50.3 47.3 43.8 40.8 25.0 200.0 29.0 39.8 37.8 21.8 18.8 18.0
16.0 8.2 47.2 44.2 39.7 36.7 25.0 250.0 32.8 38.3 36.3 19.8 16.8 17.3
20.0 9.3 45.8 42.8 37.8 34.8 25.0 Maximum Cat 6 cable propagation delay: 538ns/100m
25.0 10.4 44.3 41.3 35.8 32.8 24.3 @ 100MHz (536 @ 250MHz)
31.25 11.7 42.9 39.9 33.9 30.9 23.6 Maximum Cat 6 cable delay skew: 45ns/100m @ all frequencies
62.5 17.0 38.4 35.4 27.9 24.9 21.5
The PSNEXT performance of bundled or hybrid cables shall be 1.2dB
100.0 22.0 35.3 32.3 23.8 20.8 20.1 greater than shown above.
Category 5e Horizontal & Backbone Cable * Horizontal and Backbone cables are defined only as identical
4-pair cables.
Maximum Cat 5e cable propagation delay: 538ns/100m
@ 100MHz
Maximum Cat 5e cable delay skew: 45ns/100m @ 100MHz

38 39
 Bundled and Hybrid Cable
Category 5e Connecting Hardware
Bundled, wrapped or hybrid cables are allowed for use in
horizontal cabling, provided that each individual cable type Frequency Insertion NEXT FEXT Return
(MHz) Loss (dB) (dB) (dB) Loss (dB)
meets TIA/EIA-568-B.2 specifications, and that power sum
1.0 0.1 65.0 65.0 30.0
NEXT loss created by adjacent jacketed cables be 3dB better
4.0 0.1 65.0 63.1 30.0
than the normally allowed pair-to-pair NEXT for the cable
8.0 0.1 64.9 57.0 30.0
type being tested. Colour codes must follow individual cable
10.0 0.1 63.0 55.1 30.0
standards to distinguish them from multipair UTP
20.0 0.2 57.0 49.1 30.0
backbone cabling.
25.0 0.2 55.0 47.1 30.0
UTP/ScTP Connecting Hardware 31.25 0.2 53.1 45.2 30.0
To ensure that installed connecting hardware 62.5 0.3 47.1 39.2 24.1
(telecommunications outlets, patch cords and panels, 100.0 0.4 43.0 35.1 20.0
connectors, cross-connect blocks, etc.) will have minimal Category 5e Connecting Hardware
effect on overall cabling system performance, the
characteristics and performance parameters presented in
this section shall be met. Category 6 Connecting Hardware
Frequency Insertion NEXT FEXT Return
Category 3 Connecting Hardware (MHz) Loss (dB) (dB) (dB) Loss (dB)
Frequency (MHz) Insertion Loss (dB) NEXT (dB) 1.0 0.10 75.0 75.0 30.0
1.0 0.1 58.0 4.0 0.1 75.0 71.0 30.0
4.0 0.2 46.0 8.0 0.1 75.0 65.0 30.0
8.0 0.3 39.9 10.0 0.1 74.0 63.1 30.0
10.0 0.3 38.0 16.0 0.1 69.9 59.0 30.0
16.0 0.4 33.9 20.0 0.1 68.0 57.1 30.0
25.0 0.1 66.0 55.1 30.0
Category 3 Connecting Hardware
31.25 0.11 64.1 53.2 30.0
62.5 0.16 58.1 47.2 28.1
100.0 0.20 54.0 43.1 24.0
200.0 0.28 48.0 37.1 18.0
250.0 0.32 46.0 35.1 16.0

PSNEXT and PSFEXT are not defined for connecting hardware

40 41
 The preferred termination method for all UTP/ScTP
Category 5e Assembled Patch Cords
connecting hardware utilises the insulation displacement
Frequency 2m Cord 5m Cord 10m Cord Return
contact (IDC). To ensure overall system integrity, horizontal
(MHz) NEXT (dB) NEXT (dB) NEXT (dB) Loss (dB)
cables need to be terminated with connecting hardware of
1.0 65.0 65.0 65.0 19.8
the same category or higher.
4.0 62.3 61.5 60.4 21.6
The following requirements apply only to wire and cable 8.0 56.4 55.6 54.7 22.5
used for patch cords and cross-connect jumpers: 10.0 54.5 53.7 52.8 22.8
16.0 50.4 49.8 48.9 23.4
UTP/ScTP Patch Cords
20.0 48.6 47.9 47.1 23.7
Jumper/patch cord maximum length limitations:
25.0 46.7 46.0 45.3 24.0
• 20m in main cross-connect.
31.25 44.8 44.2 43.6 23.0
• 20m in intermediate cross-connect.
62.5 39.0 38.5 38.1 20.0
• 6m in telecommunications room.
100.0 35.1 34.8 34.6 18.0
• 3m in the work area.
Category 5e Assembled Patch Cords
Patch cord cable construction:
• Stranded conductors for extended flex-life. Category 6 Assembled Patch Cords
Also, cables used for patch cords and cross-connect jumpers Frequency 2m Cord 5m Cord 10m Cord Return
(MHz) NEXT (dB) NEXT (dB) NEXT (dB) Loss (dB)
need to be of the same performance category (or higher)
1.0 65.0 65.0 65.0 19.8
as the horizontal cables they connect. Lastly, UTP/ScTP
4.0 65.0 65.0 65.0 21.6
cabling systems are not Category 3, 5e or 6 compliant
8.0 65.0 65.0 64.8 22.5
unless all components of the system satisfy their respective
10.0 65.0 64.5 62.9 22.8
category requirements.
16.0 62.0 60.5 59.0 23.4
20.0 60.1 58.6 57.2 23.7
25.0 58.1 56.8 55.4 24.0
31.25 56.2 54.9 53.6 23.0
62.5 50.4 49.2 48.1 20.0
100.0 46.4 45.3 44.4 18.0
200.0 40.6 39.8 39.3 15.0
250.0 38.8 38.1 37.6 14.0

Insertion Loss (Attenuation) per 100m (328ft) @ 20 degrees C is

defined as equal to UTP solid cable attenuation plus 20% (the
increased insertion loss allowance is due to stranded conductors).

42 43
 ANSI/TIA/EIA-568-B.3

Notes OPTICAL FIBRE

CABLING COMPONENTS

Optical Fibre Cabling Systems

Optical Fibre Cabling Media
• Horizontal – 62.5/125 or 50/125µm multimode optical fibre (minimum
of two fibres)
• Backbone – 62.5/125 or 50/125µm multimode or single-mode
optical fibre
Cable Transmission Performance Parameters Multimode
(Horizontal & Backbone)
50µm 62.5µm 50µm Laser Optimised
Maximum Minimum Minimum Minimum
Wavelength Attenuation Bandwidth Bandwith Bandwidth
(nm) (dB/km) (MHz.km) (MHz.km) (MHz.km)
850 3.5 500 160 15001/20002
1300 1.5 500 500 500/not required
1
overfilled launch
2
laser launch

Refer to TIA/EIA - 492AAAC for Laser Optimised Fibre.

Cable Transmission Performance Parameters Single-mode

(Backbone)
Inside Plant Outside Plant
Wavelength Maximum Attenuation Maximum Attenuation
(nm) (dB/km) (dB/km)
1310 1.0 0.5
1550 1.0 0.5

44 45
 Optical Fibre Splices, Fusion or Mechanical:
Optical Fibre Bend Radius
• Maximum attenuation 0.3dB.
Fibre Type Bend Radius • Minimum return loss:
Small Inside Plant Cable (2–4 fibres) 25mm (no load) Multimode: 20dB.
50mm (w/load) Single-mode: 26dB.
All Other Inside Plant Cable 10 x diameter (no load)
Single-mode: 55dB (analog CATV).
15 x diameter (w/load)
Optical Fibre Connector (mated pair).
Outside Plant Cable 10 x diameter (no load)
• Maximum insertion loss 0.75dB.
20 x diameter (w/load)
Patch Cords
Outside plant cable must be water-blocked and have a • Shall be dual fibre of the same type as the horizontal
minimum pull strength of 91kg. (Drop cable pull strength and backbone fibre.
may be 45kg). • Polarity shall be keyed duplex.
Optical Fibre Connector
No specified connector: 568SC and other duplex designs
may be used.

Colour Identification:
• Beige – multimode connector/coupling.
• Blue – single-mode connector/coupling.

Note: The ISO/IEC standard now specifies the 568SC-type

fibre connector in the work area.
Optical Fibre Telecommunications Outlet
Required features:
• Capability to terminate minimum of two fibres into
568SC couplings or other duplex connection.
• Means of securing fibre and maintaining minimum
bend radius of 25mm.

46 47
 ISO/TIA COMPARISON
GUIDE TO DIFFERENCES
IN STANDARDS
CATEGORY 6 TO CLASS E COMPARISON
In the past there has been vast differences between the
TIA/EIA-568 standard and the ISO/CENELEC version.
Today as we work towards a more unified Category 6 or
Class E standard, both groups are working closely together.
The following information gives an insight and confirmation
of electrical characteristics, where there is a discrepancy an
explanation is given.
TIA/EIA-568-B.2-1
Balanced Twisted-Pair Cabling Components –
Addendum 1 – Transmission Performance
Specifications for 4-Pair 100ohm Category
6 Cabling
This addendum describes Category 6 cables, patch cords,
connecting hardware, permanent link and channel
transmission parameters characterised up to 250 MHz.
The standard specifies insertion loss, near-end crosstalk
(NEXT) loss, equal level far-end crosstalk (ELFEXT), return
loss, propagation delay and delay skew for cables and
connecting hardware.
ISO11801 2nd Edition
Information Technology, Generic cabling for
customer premises.
This standard incorporates additions from Edition 1 and also
deletions. Edition 2 incorporates Class D upgraded to meet
the requirements of TIA Cat5e. Class E and Class F are
included within this specification, the differences between the
48
TIA and ISO standards are shown. There are a number of
references in the ISO standard to Categories, these apply to
the components and their relevant performance. A reference
to these can be found at the end of this document.
The following provides a comparison that highlights many of
the fundamental similarities and differences between
ANSI-TIA/EIA-568-B (and addendum) and
ISO/IEC 11801 : Issue 2.
TERMINOLOGY
TIA/EIA
Cross Connect: A facility enabling the termination of
cable elements and their connection by patch cord
or jumper.
MC: Main Cross Connect
IC: Intermediate Cross Connect
HC: Horizontal Cross Connect
TR: Telecommunications Room
TO: Telecommunications Outlet/connector
TP: Transition Point. A location in the horizontal cable
where flat under carpet cable connects to round cable
CP: Consolidation Point. An interconnection scheme that
connects horizontal cables that extend from building
pathways to horizontal cables that extend into work
area pathways
Interbuilding Backbone
Intrabuilding Backbone
Cabling Performance
Category 3 specified to 16 MHz
Category 4 specified to 20 MHz *
49
 Category 5 & 5e specified to 100 MHz **
Backward Compatible Mated Component Performance
Category 6 specified to 250 MHz
Cat 3/ Cat 5 Cat 5e/ Cat 6/ Class F
Category 7 specified to 600 MHz ***
Class C Class D Class E
* Withdrawn from TIA/EIA-568-B
Cat 3/ Cat 3/ Cat 3/ Cat 3/ Cat 3/ Cat 3/
** Category 5 withdrawn from main 568-B standard to TSB Class C Class C Class C Class C Class C Class C
95 for reference only Cat 5 Cat 3/ Cat 5 Cat 5 Cat 5 Cat 5
*** Category 7 is not currently a draft standard by the TIA Class C
Cat 5e/ Cat 3/ Cat 5 Cat 5e/ Cat 5e/ Cat 5e/
Class D Class C Class D Class D Class D
ISO/EN Cat 6/ Cat 3/ Cat 5 Cat 5e/ Cat 6/ Cat 6/
Class E Class C Class D Class E Class E
Distributor: A facility enabling the termination of cable Class F Cat 3/ Cat 5 Cat 5e/ Cat 6/ Class F
elements and their connection by patch cord or jumper Class C Class D Class E
CD: Campus Distributor
BD: Building Distributor The lowest rated component determines the rating of the link
FD: Floor Distributor or channel.
TR: Telecommunications Room
TO: Telecommunications Outlet/connector
Category 6/Class E Connecting Hardware
No Equivalent ISO does not support under carpet data cable
Frequency Insertion NEXT FEXT Return
CP: As TIA/EIA
(MHz) Loss (dB) (dB) (dB) Loss (dB)
Campus Backbone
1.0 0.10/0.10 75.0/80.0 75.0/65.0 30.0
Building Backbone
100.0 0.20/0.20 54.0/54.0 43.1/43.1 24.0
Cabling Performance 250.0 0.32/0.32 46.0/46.0 35.1/35.1 16.0
Class C specified to 16 MHz #
No comparable class PSNEXT and PSFEXT are not defined for connecting hardware in the
Class D 2002 specified to 100 MHz ## TIA but is defined in ISO.
Class E specified to 250 MHz
Class F specified to 600 MHz

# Class C has been withdrawn from the ISO and

EN standards
## Class D 2002 is equivalent to Category 5e, the original
Class D (Cat5) has been withdrawn

50 51
 Category 6/Class E Assembled Patch Cords Channel
Frequency 2m Cord 5m Cord 10m Cord Return Frequency Insertion Insertion NEXT NEXT PSNEXT PSNEXT
(MHz) NEXT (dB) NEXT (dB) NEXT (dB) Loss (dB) (MHz) Loss (dB) Loss (dB) (dB) (dB) (dB) (dB)
1.0 65.0/65.0 65.0/65.0 65.0/65.0 19.8/19.8 Cat 6 Class E Cat 6 Class E Cat 6 Class E
16.0 62.0/61.6 60.5/60.0 59.0/58.5 23.4/23.4 1.0 2.1 4.0 65.0 65.0 62.0 62.0
100.0 46.4/46.2 45.3/45.0 44.4/44.2 18.0/18.0 16.0 8.0 8.3 53.2 53.2 50.6 50.6
250.0 38.8/38.6 38.1/37.9 37.6/37.6 14.0/14.0 100.0 21.3 21.7 39.9 39.9 37.1 37.1
250.0 35.9 35.9 33.1 33.1 30.2 30.2

Insertion Loss (Attenuation) per 100m (328ft) @ 20 degrees C is Frequency ELFEXT ELFEXT PSELF PSELF Return Return
defined as equal to UTP solid cable attenuation plus 20% (the (MHz) (dB) (dB) EXT EXT Loss Loss
increased insertion loss allowance is due to stranded conductors). (dB) (dB) (dB) (dB)
1.0 63.3 63.3 60.3 60.3 19.0 19.0
Permanent Link 16.0 39.2 39.2 36.2 36.2 18.0 18.0
100.0 23.3 23.3 20.3 20.3 12.0 12.0
Frequency Insertion Insertion NEXT NEXT PSNEXT PSNEXT
(MHz) Loss (dB) Loss (dB) (dB) (dB) (dB) (dB) 250.0 15.3 15.3 12.3 12.3 8.0 8.0
Cat 6 Class E Cat 6 Class E Cat 6 Class E
1.0 1.9 4.0 65.0 65.0 62.0 62.0 Maximum Cat 6/Class E channel propogation delay: less than
16.0 7.0 7.1 54.6 54.6 52.2 52.2 555ns @ 10MHz
100.0 18.6 18.5 41.8 41.8 39.3 39.3 Maximum Cat 6/Class E channel delay skew: less than 50ns/100m
@ 10MHz
250.0 31.1 30.7 35.3 35.3 32.7 32.7
Frequency ELFEXT ELFEXT PSELF PSELF Return Return N.B. The figures given within the tables are informative only,
(MHz) (dB) (dB) EXT EXT Loss Loss for exact figures please refer to the calculations within the
(dB) (dB) (dB) (dB) standards document.
1.0 64.2 64.2 61.2 61.2 19.1 21.0
16.0 40.1 40.1 37.1 37.1 20.0 20.0
100.0 24.2 24.2 21.2 21.2 14.0 14.0
250.0 16.2 16.2 13.2 13.2 10.0 10.0

Maximum Cat 6 permanent link propogation delay: less than 498ns

@ 10MHz
Maximum Cat 6 permanent link delay skew: less than 44ns/100m
@ 10MHz

52 53
 ANSI/TIA/EIA-569-A

PURPOSE OF THE STANDARD DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS

As the complexity of voice and data telecommunications has
increased, standards have been established to ensure the
operability, flexibility, manageability and longevity of these
critical commercial support systems. Telecommunications
now encompass voice, data and video transmission of
business information, fire/security, audio, environmental and
other intelligent building controls over media that includes
fibre optics, specialised copper data cabling, microwave
and radiowave. This guide concisely describes the
architectural design elements of cabling pathways and
dedicated rooms for telecommunications equipment.

A multi-tenant commercial building has a life expectancy of

at least 50 years. Software, hardware and communications
gear have far shorter lifespans of one to five years.
Moreover, in a multi-tenant environment, continuous moves,
adds and changes are inevitable. It is the purpose of
standards to guide design and ease future changes – by
planning for the future now. These standards are intended
to provide for a generic structured cabling plant, capable
of running any voice or data application foreseeable in the
next 10 to 15 years.
Abbreviations: 1. Electric Entrance 5. Voice
AWG American Wire Gauge 2. Telco Entrance 6. Telecom Room
V volts 3. Telecom Equipment Room 7. Grounding & Bonding
A amps 4. Data 8. Underfloor System
kVA kilovolt ampere
V/m volts per meter SERVICE ENTRANCE PATHWAYS

For underground facilities, use a minimum 100mm conduit

or duct constructed of PVC; multiple plastic duct; galvanised
steel; fibre glass; with appropriate encasement. No more

54 55
 than two 90° manufactured bends are allowed (10 times the Gross Building
diameter). Drain slope should not be less than 300mm per
Floor Space (m2) Plywood Field (m) Room Dimensions(m)
30m. Recommended conduit fill varies but should not exceed
465 2.44 high x 1 wide
40 percent for more than two cables.
929 2.44 high x 1 wide
Maintenance holes (typically 240kg/cm2, concrete) must be 1858 2.44 high x 1.07 (A room recommended
equipped with sump, corrosion-protected pulling iron, cable 3716 2.44 high x 1.727 beyond this level)
racks, grounded ladder and only such power/light 4645 2.44 high x 2.28
conductors as required for telecommunications support per 5574 2.44 high x 2.44 (A dedicated room req’d.)
NEC requirements. 7432 2.44 high x 3.048 3.66 x 1.9
9290 2.44 high x 2 walls 3.66 x 1.9
ENTRANCE FACILITIES 18,580 2.44 high x 2 walls 3.66 x 2.74
Entrance facilities include the pathways for outside carrier 37,160 2.44 high x 2 walls 3.66 x 3.96
services, interbuilding backbone, alternate entrance and 46,450 2.44 high x 2 walls 3.66 x 4.72
55,740 2.44 high x 2 walls 3.66 x 5.56
antennae entrance pathways. The entrance facilities consist
74,320 2.44 high x 2 walls 3.66 x 6.78
of a termination field interfacing any outside cabling to the
92,900 2.44 high x 2 walls 3.66 x 8.4
intrabuilding backbone cabling. The local telephone carrier
is typically required to terminate cabling within 15m of
building penetration and to provide primary Rule of thumb: Allow one square foot of plywood wallmount
voltage protection. for each 18.6m2 of floor space.

In buildings larger than 2000m2, a locked, dedicated, EQUIPMENT ROOM

enclosed room is recommended. Beyond 7000m2, a locked,
An equipment room is essentially a large telecommunications
dedicated room is required, with a plywood termination
room that may house the main distribution frame, PBXs,
field provided on two walls. In buildings up to 10,000m2,
secondary voltage protection, etc. The equipment room is
a wall-mounted termination field may serve as the entrance
often appended to the entrance facilities or a computer
facility, using 20mm plywood, 2.4m high. Beyond 10,000m2,
room to allow shared air conditioning, security, fire
rack-mounted and free-standing frames may also be
control, lighting and limited access.
required. Minimum space requirements are given as follows:

56 57
 Electrical
Number of Equipment Room
Typically, a minimum of two dedicated 15A, 110/220V
Workstations Floor Space (sq.m) AC duplex outlets on separate circuits is required. Convenience
101–400 37.16 duplex outlets shall be placed at 2m intervals around the
401–800 74.32 perimeter. Emergency power should be considered and
801–1,200 111.50 supplied, if available.

Rule of thumb: Provide 0.7m2 of equipment room floor space Dust

for every 10m2 of user workstation area. Less than 100 micrograms/cubic meter/24-hour period.

Location Note: The term ‘typically’ is applied here to indicate,

Typically, rooms should be located away from sources of
electromagnetic interference (transformers, motors, x-ray,
induction heaters, arc welders, radio and radar) unless
interference is less than 3 V/m across the frequency
spectrum. Avoid sources of flooding.
Perimetres
Typically, no false ceiling; all surfaces treated to reduce dust;
walls and ceiling painted white or pastel to improve visibility.
Limited Access
Typically, single or double 0.91 x 2.03 lockable doors.
Other
Typically, no piping, ductwork, mechanical equipment or
power cabling should be allowed to pass through the
equipment room. No unrelated storage.
HVAC
24 hours/day, 365 days/year, 18° to 24°C, 30 to
55 percent humidity, positive pressure.
Lighting
Typically, 2.56m high, providing 50-foot candles @ 0.91m
above floor.
where applicable, that these requirements also apply to
other elements of the cabling system spaces. Lighting
requirements, for instance, are largely identical for entrance
facilities, equipment rooms and telecommunications rooms.
INTRABUILDING BACKBONE PATHWAYS
Within a building, the intrabuilding backbone pathways
extend between the entrance facilities, equipment room and
telecommunications rooms. Telecom rooms should be stacked
vertically above each other on each floor, and provided
with a minimum of three 100mm sleeves (a stub of
conduit through the floor) for less than 4645m2 served.
An equivalent 100mm x 300mm slot may be used in lieu
of three sleeves. Firestopping is required. If rooms are not
vertically aligned, then 100mm horizontal conduit runs are
required. Include no more than two 90° bends between
pull points. Pulling iron or eyes embedded in the concrete
for cable pulling is recommended. Fill should not exceed
40 percent for any run greater than two cables.

58 59
 Backbone & Horizontal Pathways in the floor at the left side of a plywood termination field,
which are ideally located near the door. A fire extinguisher
is recommended.

Riser Sleeve

1. Telco Conduit 6. Vertical Backbone

2. Telco Manhole 7. Telecom Room
3. Entrance Conduit 8. Horizontal Cabling
4. Telco Entrance Facility 9. Interbuilding Backbone
5. Telecom Equipment Room 10. Electrical Entrance Facility

TELECOMMUNICATIONS ROOM

The telecommunications room on each floor is the junction

between backbone and horizontal pathways. It contains
active voice and data telecommunications equipment,
termination fields and cross-connect wiring. Typical Telecommunications Room

More than one telecom room per floor is required if
distance to a work area exceeds 90m, or if floor area
served exceeds 1000m2. Recommended room sizing is
3.0m x 3.4m for each 1000m2 area served.
Power, lighting, air conditioning and limited access are
typical. See requirements for Equipment Room. There is
a minimum of three 100mm firestopped backbone sleeves
HORIZONTAL PATHWAYS
Horizontal pathways extend between the telecommunications
room and the work area. A variety of generic pathway
options are described. Choice of pathway(s) is left to the
discretion of the designer. The most commonly employed
pathway consists of cable bundles run from the telecom
room along J-hooks suspended above a plenum ceiling,

60 61
 which fan out once a work zone is reached. They then drop Perimeter Pathways
through interior walls or support columns or raceways, and Options include surface raceway, recessed, molding and
terminate at an information outlet (I/O). Other options are: multichannel (to carry separate power and lighting circuits).

Multichannel Raceway Rule of thumb: Typically, size horizontal pathways by

Cellular raceway ducts capable of routing telecom providing 25mm2 of cross-section area for every 10m2 of
and power cabling separately in greater than 75mm workspace area being served.
reinforced concrete.
Note: Typically, a pull box, splice box or pulling point is
Cellular Floor required for any constrained pathway where there are more
Pre-formed hollows, or steel-lined cells, are provided in than two 90° bends, a 180° reverse bend or length more
concrete, with header ducts from the telecom room than 30m.
arranged at right angles to the cells.
Trenchduct
A wide, solid tray, sometimes containing compartments, and
fitted with a flat top(with gaskets) along its entire length.
It is embedded flush with the concrete finish.
Access Floor/Raised Floor
Modular floor panels supported by pedestals, used in
computer rooms and equipment rooms.
Plenum/Ceiling
Bundled cables, suspended above a false ceiling, fan out
to drop through walls, power poles or along support
Perimeter Pathway
columns to baseboard level.
Conduit
To be considered only when outlet locations are permanent,
device density low and flexibility (future changes)
not required.
Cable Trays
Options include channel tray, ladder tray, solid bottom,
ventilated and wireway. Variety of Horizontal Pathways

62 63
 A multi-user telecommunication outlet assembly (MUTOA)
is another methodology to reduce cabling moves, adds
and changes in modular furniture settings. The user cord is
directly connected to the MUTOA. A MUTOA location must
be accessible and permanent, and may not be mounted in
ceiling spaces or under access flooring. Similarly, it cannot
Access Floor/Raised Floor be mounted in furniture unless that furniture is permanently
secured to the building structure.

For more descriptive information on distance limitations

and purposes of consolidation points and MUTOAs, see
ANSI/TIA/EIA-568-B.1.

ELECTROMAGNETIC INTERFERENCE

Voice and data telecommunications cabling should not

be run adjacent and parallel to power cabling – even
along short distances – unless one or both cable types are
shielded and grounded. For low-voltage communication
cables, 150mm is required from any fluorescent lighting
fixture or power line over 2kVA and up to 600mm from any
power line over 5kVA. In general, telecommunications
cabling is routed separately, or several metres away from
power cabling. Similarly, telecommunications cabling is
routed away from large motors, generators, induction
heaters, arc welders, x-ray equipment, and radio frequency,
Ceiling Utility Pole
microwave or radar sources.

Note: Distance recommendations from (1990) TIA/EIA-569

CONSOLIDATION POINTS AND MUTOA’S
are reproduced here by popular request.
Consolidation points provide limited area connection
access. Typically, a permanent flush wall, ceiling or support
column-mounted panel serves modular furniture work areas.
The panels must be unobstructed and fully accessible without
moving fixtures, equipment or heavy furniture.

64 65
 FIRESTOPS Notes
Annex A of the standard discusses various types of
packing used to re-establish the integrity of fire-rated
structures when these barriers have been penetrated by
cable. This section briefly discusses passive mechanical
systems and non-mechanical systems such as putty, caulk,
cements, intumescent sheets and strips, silicone foams and
pre-manufactured pillows. The most common method is
stuffing all apertures with ceramic/mineral wool and
caulking both sides with fire-resistant putty.

Cutaway of Typical Firestop

66 67
 ANSI/TIA/EIA-606-A
PURPOSE OF THE STANDARD
The following extracts are taken from the
ANSI/TIA/EIA-606-A-2002 dated May 2002, Administration
Standard for Commercial Telecommunications Infrastructure.
Modern buildings require an effective telecommunications
infrastructure to support the wide variety of services that rely
on the electronic transport of information. Administration
includes basic documentation and timely updating of
drawings, labels and records. Administration should be
synergistic with voice, data and video telecommunications,
as well as with other building signal systems, including
security, audio, alarms and energy management.
Administration can be accomplished with paper records, but
in today’s increasingly complex telecommunications
environment, effective administration is enhanced by the use
of computer-based systems or even real time management.
Administrative record-keeping plays an increasingly
necessary role in the flexibility and management of frequent
moves, adds and changes. This section describes the
administrative record-keeping elements of a modern
structured cabling system.
68
ADMINISTRATION SYSTEM
The main elements of a generic telecommunications
infrastructure for which this standard specifies an
administration system are:
1. Horizontal pathways and cabling.
2. Backbone pathways and cabling.
3. Telecommunications grounding and bonding.
4. Spaces (e.g. entrance facility, telecommunications room,
equipment room).
5. Firestopping.
This standard addresses the administration of commercial
telecommunications infrastructure by:
a) Assigning identifiers to components of the infrastructure.
b) Specifying elements of information which make up
records for each identifier.
c) Specifying relationships between these records to access
the information they contain.
d) Specifying reports presenting information on groups
of records.
e) Specifying graphical and symbolic requirements.
69
 CLASSES OF ADMINISTRATION
Four classes of administration are specified in this standard
to accommodate the complexity present in telecommunications
infrastructure. The specifications for each class include
requirements for identifiers, records and labelling.
An administration system may be managed using a
paper-based system, general purpose spreadsheet software,
or special purpose cable management software.
Classes are scalable and allow expansion without requiring
changes to existing identifiers or labels. For mission critical
systems, buildings over 7000m2, or multi-tenant buildings,
administration of pathways and spaces and outside plant
elements is strongly recommended.
CLASS 1
Addresses the needs of a premises that is served by a single
ER. This ER is the only administration point in the building
and has no backbone cable or campus cables connected to
it. Simple cable pathways will generally be understood
without the need to be administered. If there is a need for
administration of the pathways then Class 2 should be used
as a minimum.
Class 1 is usually managed by using paper-based or
general purpose spreadsheet software.
Infrastructure Identifiers
a) Telecommunications Space (TS) identifier.
b) Horizontal link identifier.
c) TMGB identifier.
d) TGB identifier.
70
Required Records
One horizontal link record for each horizontal link.
The horizontal link record shall contain the following
information:
a) Horizontal link identifier (primary indexing identifier,
e.g. 1A-A47).
b) Cable type (e.g. 4-pair, UTP category 5e, PVC).
c) Location of TO (room, office or grid location).
d) Outlet connector type (e.g. 8-position modular,
T568B, Cat5e).
e) Cable length (e.g. 51m).
f) Cross connect hardware type (e.g. 24-port modular
patch panel, T568B, Cat5e).
For TMGB and TGB labelling please see full standard.
CLASS 2
Class 2 provides for the telecommunications infrastructure
administration needs of a single building with an ER and
one or more TR’s within a single building. Class 2
administration includes the elements of Class 1, plus
identifiers for backbone cabling, multiple element grounding
and firestopping. Optional administration of pathways is
allowed if they are understood.
Class 2 can be managed by using paper-based, general
purpose spreadsheet software or special purpose cable
management software.
Infrastructure Identifiers
a) Identifiers required as in Class 1.
b) Building backbone cable identifier.
c) Building backbone pair or optical fibre identifier.
d) Firestopping location identifier.
Class 2 administration may include pathway identifiers.
71
 Required Records CLASS 3
a) Horizontal link records as specified in Class 1. Addresses the needs of the campus, including its buildings
b) One TS record for each TS. and outside plant elements. Class 3 includes the elements of
c) One backbone cable record for each backbone cable. Class 2, plus identifiers for building and campus cabling.
d) One TMGB record for each TMGB. Administration of building pathways and spaces, and
e) One TGB record for each TGB. outside plant elements is recommended.
f) One firestopping location record for each
firestopping location. Class 3 may be managed with paper-based, general
purpose spreadsheet software or special purpose cable
The TS record shall contain: management software.
a) TS identifier.
b) Type of TS (e.g. TR, ER). Infrastructure Identifiers
c) Building room number. a) Identifiers required in Class 2 administration.
d) Key or access card identifier. b) Building identifier.
e) Contact person. c) Campus backbone cable identifier.
f) Hours of access. d) Campus backbone pair or optical fibre identifier.

Building backbone record shall contain:
a) Building backbone identifier.
b) Type of cable (e.g. 300 pair 24AWG Armoured
riser cable).
c) Type of connecting hardware (e.g. 48 SC duplex
adapter panel).
d) Cross connect table relating to each backbone cable
pair or optical fibre to other backbone cable or to
horizontal link.
For TMGB, TGB and firestopping labelling see full standard.
The following identifiers are optional:
a) Identifiers optional in Class 2 administration.
b) Outside plant pathway element identifier.
c) Campus pathway or element identifier.
Required Records
a) Records required in Class 2 administration.
b) One building record for each building.
c) One campus backbone cable record for each campus
backbone cable.
Building records shall contain:
a) Building name.
b) Building location (e.g. street name).
c) A list of all TS’s.
d) Contact information for access.
e) Access hours.

72 73
 Campus records shall contain:
a) Campus backbone identifier.
b) Type of cable (e.g. 48 fibre, 50/125 OM3
indoor/outdoor duct).
c) Type of connecting hardware (e.g. 48 SC duplex
adapter panel).
d) Table relating to backbone terminations to other
backbone terminations or horizontal links, to which they
are cross connected.
CLASS 4
Class 4 addresses the administration of multi-site system.
Class 4 administration includes all elements of Class 3
administration, plus an identifier for each site, and optional
identifiers for intercampus elements, such as WAN
connections. There are strong recommendations to
administer all pathways, spaces and outside plant elements.
Class 4 may be managed with paper-based, general
purpose spreadsheet software or special purpose cable
management software.
Infrastructure Identifiers
a) Identifiers required in Class 3 administration.
b) Campus and site identifier.
The following identifiers are optional:
a) Identifiers optional in Class 3 administration.
b) Inter-campus element identifiers.
Required Records
a) Records required in Class 3 administration.
b) One campus or site record for each campus or site.
74
Campus or site records shall contain:
a) Campus or site name.
b) Campus or site location (e.g. street name).
c) Contact information for local administrator
of infrastructure.
d) List of all buildings at the site or campus.
e) Location of main cross connect, if applicable.
f) Access hours.
COLOUR CODING IDENTIFICATION
This section covers colour coding requirements for
termination fields and for horizontal cabling.
Termination Fields
Colour coding of termination fields can assist with the
administration by making the structure of the cabling
more intuitive.
The following table gives the colours that shall be used
within the termination fields. Cross connections generally
connect termination fields of different colours.
75
 Termination Colour Pantone No. Typical
Type Application
Demarcation Orange 150C Central Office Connection
Point
Network Green 353C User side of central office
Connection connection
Common Purple 264C Connections to PBX,
Equipment Mainframe computer,
LAN, Multiplexer
Key System Red 184C Connections to key
telephone systems
First Level White – Terminations of building
Backbone backbone cable, MC to IC’s
Second Level Grey 422C Termination of building
Backbone backbone cable connecting
IC’s to HC’s
Campus Backbone Brown 465C Termination of backbone
cable between buildings
Horizontal Blue 291C Terminations of horizontal
cable in TS’s
Miscellaneous Yellow 101C Alarms, security or energy
management
Illustration of colour coding of termination fields.
Industry practices in some areas may prevent the use of
some colours.

76 77
 FURTHER INFORMATION
LOOK BEYOND THE STANDARDS
The standards are intended to help you identify the minimum
solution you will require. Unfortunately, the standards do not
always adequately address the data traffic demands of
emerging technologies.
The standards are minimum requirements and ensure only
minimal performance. You can’t meet the needs of the future
by installing products built around yesterday’s standards.
Find a system that’s tested and certified well beyond present
day requirements. You need to ensure that your data can
travel reliably and efficiently tomorrow.
Fortunately, there are infrastructures that can handle VoIP,
streaming video and other bandwidth-hungry applications.
Anixter provides the right solutions.
REFERENCE DOCUMENTS FOR FURTHER
INFORMATION ON CABLING STANDARDS
TIA/EIA-568-B.1 (2001)
Commercial Building Telecommunications Cabling Standard
Part 1: General Requirements.
TIA/EIA-568-B.2 (2001)
Commercial Building Telecommunications Cabling Standard
Part 2: Balanced Twisted-pair Cabling Components.
TIA/EIA-568-B.2-1 (2002)
Transmission Performance Specifications for 4-Pair 100ohm
Category 6 cabling.
TIA/EIA-568-B.3 (2000)
Optical Fibre Cabling Components Standard.
78
TIA/EIA-568-B.3-1
Additional Transmission Performance Specifications for
50/125µm Optical Fibre Cable.
TIA/EIA-569-A (1998)
Commercial Building Standard for Telecommunications
Pathways and Spaces.
ISO/IEC 10810 (DRAFT)
TIA/EIA-570-A (1999)
Residential and Light Commercial Telecommunication
Wiring Standard.
TIA/EIA-606-A (2002)
Administration Standard for the Telecommunications
Infrastructure of Commercial Buildings.
IS0/IEC 11801 Issue 2 (2002)
Generic Cabling for Customer Premises.
IEEE 802.3-2002 Revision of 2000 Edition
Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Detection
(CSMA/CD) Access Method and Physical Layer Specification.
IEEE 802.5-1998 (1998)
Token Ring Access Method and Physical Layer Specifications
(also known as ANSI/IEEE Std 802.5-1998).
OBTAINING ISO, TIA AND EIA DOCUMENTS
TIA and EIA documents may be purchased through Global
Engineering Documents at www.global.ihs.com*. IEEE
documents may be purchased through IEEE, www.ieee.org.
* Check worldwide offices on main site for an office near you.
79
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Some material in this publication is reproduced from
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Anixter Distribution does not manufacture the items described in this brochure. The information
contained herein is given in good faith. Users are requested to determine directly from the
manufacturer’s tests or to make their own tests to determine the suitability of these materials
for their applications and to be guided by the results of such tests. All applicable warranties
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