01-P-1-007 Pipeline Construction Spec Rev A

Melut Basin Oil Development Project (Downstream)
SPECIFICATION
PROJECT No.
052417
REF
PIPELINE CONSTRUCTION SPECIFICATION
01-P-1-007
No OF SHEETS
42
DOCUMENT No
OFFICE CODE
PROJECT No
AREA
DIS
TYPE
NUMBER
05
2417
01
007
28/11/03
Issued For Approval
JC
MRG
MRG
IBI
31/10/03
Issued for comment
JC
MG
MG
IBI
REV
DATE
BY
CHK
ENG
PM
DESCRIPTION
CLIENT

Pipeline Construction Specification
TABLE OF CONTENTS
1
INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................................ 4
1.1
1.2
1.3
1.4
1.5
2
CODES, REGULATIONS AND STANDARDS .............................................................................. 6

2.1
2.2
2.3
Installation Within the Pipeline Trench......................................................................... 15

Installation Within a Separate Trench........................................................................... 15
Crossings......................................................................................................................... 15
Marker Tape ..................................................................................................................... 15
COMMENCEMENT OF THE WORK ........................................................................................... 16

6.1
6.2
6.3
6.4
Survey Methods .............................................................................................................. 10

As-Built Details................................................................................................................ 11
Underground Utilities ..................................................................................................... 12
Overhead Services.......................................................................................................... 12
Survey Data Listings....................................................................................................... 12
As-Built Alignment Sheets ............................................................................................. 12
Reporting ......................................................................................................................... 13
Survey Equipment........................................................................................................... 13
Survey Personnel............................................................................................................ 14
FIBRE OPTIC CABLE (FOC) ...................................................................................................... 15

5.1
5.2
5.3
5.4
Liaison Officer(s) - LO(s) .................................................................................................. 8

Entry to Site ....................................................................................................................... 8
Working Width................................................................................................................... 8
Access................................................................................................................................ 8
3.4.1 Access to the Works............................................................................................ 8
3.4.2 Additional Access and Working Areas .............................................................. 9
3.4.3 Maintenance of Access ....................................................................................... 9
SURVEY AND RECORD OF INSTALLATION............................................................................ 10

4.1
4.2
4.3
4.4
4.5
4.6
4.7
4.8
4.9
Other Specifications ......................................................................................................... 6

Conflict of Requirements ................................................................................................. 7
Deviation ............................................................................................................................ 7
RIGHTS OF WAY AND ACCESS.................................................................................................. 8

3.1
3.2
3.3
3.4
General ............................................................................................................................... 4
Definitions.......................................................................................................................... 4
Safety.................................................................................................................................. 4
The Environment............................................................................................................... 4
1.4.1 Site Tidiness ......................................................................................................... 4
1.4.2 Pollution Contingency ......................................................................................... 5
1.4.3 Archaeology ......................................................................................................... 5
1.4.4 Urban/Built Up Areas ........................................................................................... 5
Construction...................................................................................................................... 5
Method Statements ......................................................................................................... 16

Setting Out....................................................................................................................... 16
Fences .............................................................................................................................. 16
Clearing ............................................................................................................................ 17
EXCAVATION .............................................................................................................................. 18
7.1
7.2
7.3
Surface Stripping ............................................................................................................ 18

Grading............................................................................................................................. 18
Trenching......................................................................................................................... 19
7.3.1 General ................................................................................................................ 19
7.3.2 Depth of Cover ................................................................................................... 20
7.3.3 Excavation at Crossings ................................................................................... 20
g:\052417 - pdoc sudan pipeline\6.0 j p kenny project documents\documents\specifications\pipeline\issued\01-p-1-007 pipeline

construction spec rev b.doc
Page 2 of 42

7.4
7.5
7.6
7.7
7.8
8
7.3.4 Excavation in Running Sand and Unstable Ground....................................... 21

7.3.5 Drain Tiles........................................................................................................... 21
Horizontal Directional Drilling ....................................................................................... 21
7.4.1 General ................................................................................................................ 21
7.4.2 Permits ................................................................................................................ 21
7.4.3 Drilling Fluids ..................................................................................................... 22
7.4.4 Polymer Additives.............................................................................................. 22
7.4.5 Calibration of Downhole Survey System......................................................... 22
7.4.6 Drilling Tolerances............................................................................................. 23
7.4.7 Documentation ................................................................................................... 24
Rock Trench .................................................................................................................... 25
Explosives ....................................................................................................................... 26
Removal of Water from Excavations............................................................................. 27
Water Supplies ................................................................................................................ 27
FABRICATION ............................................................................................................................. 28
8.1
8.2
8.3
8.4
8.5
8.6
8.7
8.8
8.9
8.10
8.11
8.12
8.13
8.14
General ............................................................................................................................. 28
Pipeline Materials............................................................................................................ 28
Pipe Storage Site............................................................................................................. 28
Hauling and Stringing..................................................................................................... 28
Pipe Inspection................................................................................................................ 29
Induction Bends .............................................................................................................. 29
Field Bending .................................................................................................................. 29
Elastic Bending ............................................................................................................... 30
Lay Out ............................................................................................................................. 30
Pipe Cleaning .................................................................................................................. 30
Lining Up.......................................................................................................................... 31
Welding ............................................................................................................................ 31
Tie-ins............................................................................................................................... 31
Coating ............................................................................................................................. 31
LOWERING-IN OPERATIONS .................................................................................................... 33
10
BACKFILL.................................................................................................................................... 34
10.1
10.2
10.3
10.4
10.5
11
General ............................................................................................................................. 34
Intimate Backfill............................................................................................................... 34
Final Backfill .................................................................................................................... 34
Imported Backfill ............................................................................................................. 35
Pipeline Warning Tape.................................................................................................... 35
CLEAN-UP AND FENCE REPAIR .............................................................................................. 36

11.1
Pipeline Markers.............................................................................................................. 37
12
TESTING ...................................................................................................................................... 38
13
SPECIAL CROSSINGS ............................................................................................................... 40

13.1
13.2
13.3
Highway and Railway Crossings................................................................................... 40

Wadi Crossings ............................................................................................................... 40
Open Cut River Crossings ............................................................................................. 41

Page 3 of 42

INTRODUCTION
1.1
General
This specification covers the general requirements for pipeline construction, installation
and testing and shall be read in conjunction with the data, specifications and drawings
provided with the Invitation to Tender (ITT) including references detailed in Section 2.0
and project specific route alignment sheets.
The rules and regulations of agencies having jurisdiction over pipelines in the location
of installation shall be considered a part of this specification.
1.2
Definitions
OWNER Petrodar Operating Company Ltd (PDOC).
CONSULTANT OWNERs representative with designated authority to act on behalf
of PDOC and their agents.
CONTRACTOR The successful bidder of the EPC package for pipeline construction.
1.3
Safety
The safety of the general public, OWNER and CONTRACTOR personnel is paramount
in the undertaking of the work.
The CONTRACTOR shall appraise and assess the risks to all personnel from
construction activities and devise methods of working that reduce that risk to the
lowest practicable level. Inspection of the work by CONTRACTOR shall, as a minimum
include daily safety assessments by inspectors who shall have the right and authority
to stop or suspend work deemed unsafe and who shall report directly to the
CONTRACTOR senior management.
The CONTRACTOR shall promote a culture of safe working practices, reward
excellent safety awareness and aim for zero lost time incidents.
1.4
The Environment
The protection of the environment has been a major consideration in the planning of
the pipeline route.
The CONTRACTOR shall take all necessary precautions to ensure that disturbance to
the public, landscape and wildlife is kept to the absolute minimum, consistent with the
work to be undertaken.
1.4.1
Site Tidiness
The working areas shall be maintained in an orderly safe and tidy state at all times.
Particular attention shall be paid to prevent any litter or debris from entering any area
adjacent to the Working Width.

Page 4 of 42

1.4.2
Pollution Contingency
In addition to any national legislation, local bylaws and generally accepted good
working practices, the CONTRACTOR shall take exceptional precautions to prevent
pollution of the environment.
Precautions shall be taken to avoid accidental spillages of any noxious substances, oil,
diesel, waste refuse or the like. When any such substance or materials are
accidentally discharged, the CONTRACTOR shall be wholly responsible for the
immediate recovery of the same, whether or not it is on the site. In the event of any
accidental discharges, the OWNER Representative shall be advised immediately so
that the OWNER may comply with its statutory requirement to inform the relevant
authorities. The CONTRACTOR shall submit to the OWNER Representative a written
report containing all the relevant details of the incident within one working day of the
incident occurring. This report shall include the proposed remedial measures to be
undertaken and details of any compensation claims that may arise.
The CONTRACTOR shall also immediately investigate and act upon any incidents
notified by the OWNER Representative.
All incident reports shall be sequentially numbered and issued on Standard Incident
Notification Forms, located in the PDOC HSE procedures listed in section 2.1.
1.4.3
Archaeology
The CONTRACTOR shall report all finds that he may make to the OWNER
Representative.
1.4.4
Urban/Built Up Areas
The pipeline passes through and nearby urban/built up areas. The CONTRACTOR
shall take all necessary precautions to ensure minimum disturbance to the
public/residents during construction of the works. Working methods shall be carefully
considered and implemented to minimise localised disruption and disturbance.
1.5
Construction
General construction practice shall be to best industry standards and in compliance
with the latest international standards.

Page 5 of 42

2
CODES, REGULATIONS AND STANDARDS

CONTRACTOR shall meet or exceed the requirements of the latest edition of the
following codes, regulations and standards, except as superseded herein. In cases
where more than one code, regulation, or standard apply to the same condition, the
most stringent shall be followed. In the event of a conflict between this specification
and other specifications or correspondence, the OWNER shall be consulted and a
ruling, in writing, shall be obtained before any work is started.
2.1
ASME B31.4, Liquid Transportation Systems for Hydrocarbons, Liquid Petroleum

Gas, Anhydrous Ammonia, and Alcohols
API RP 5L1, Recommended Practice for Railroad Transportation of Steel Line Pipe
API RP 5LW, Recommended Practice for Transportation of Line Pipe on Barges

and Marine Vessels
API Specification 1104, Welding of Pipelines and Related Facilities
Regulations, Codes and Statutes of Authority having jurisdiction in location of

pipeline installation.
BS8010 Part 2. Pipelines on land: design, construction and installation. Section 2.8
Steel for oil and gas.
Other Specifications
05-2417-01-P-1-004
SAW Line Pipe Specification
05-2417-01-P-1-005
3 Layer PP Coating Specification
05-2417-01-P-1-008
Field Welding and NDE Specification
05-2417-01-P-1-009
Field Joint Coating Specification
05-2417-01-P-1-010
Pipework Welding and Inspection Specification
PDOC HSE Procedures:
Personal Safety Procedure
Driving Safety Procedure
Incident Investigating and Reporting Procedure
Radioactive Safety Procedure
Explosives Safety Handling Procedure (under development)
Health Claim Procedure
Panel Clinic Health Care Procedure

Page 6 of 42

2.2
Conflict of Requirements
In the event of any conflict, the most stringent requirement of the above documents
shall apply.
Some requirements in this specification may be modified by specific requirements in
the other specifications listed above. In case of conflict, the specific requirements
supersede this specification.
2.3
Deviation
Any deviation from this specification must be approved, in writing, by OWNER. Such
written approval must be obtained prior to the commencement of any work which
would constitute such a deviation.

Page 7 of 42

3
RIGHTS OF WAY AND ACCESS
3.1
Liaison Officer(s) - LO(s)

An experienced LO(s) shall be employed full time by the CONTRACTOR throughout
the period of the Contract. The LOs prime function shall be to liase with the owners,
occupiers and authorities along the route of the pipeline.
The LO(s) is to be approved by the OWNER before starting work and shall maintain
close liaison with the OWNER Representative at all times. The initial approach to the
owners/occupiers, authorities or ministries shall be via the OWNER Representative.
The OWNER Representative shall be informed of all further contacts and shall be
given adequate opportunity to attend any subsequent meetings.
Closest attention shall be given at all times to the maintenance of good relations with
owners, occupiers and authorities concerned.
3.2
Entry to Site
The liason with authorities and landowner / occupier shall be a responsibility of
CONTRACTOR. OWNER representative will assist when required.
CONTRACTOR shall comply with all the applicable legislation, codes and laws of the
Sudan Government as listed in the scope of works / ITB.
3.3
Working Width
In areas of normal pipeline construction, the Working Width will be 30 m. Areas
available at crossings and special sections shall be detailed on the alignment sheets.
All other Working Width restrictions shall be in accordance with the alignment sheets
and Scope of Works.
The Working Width is intended to accommodate all pipeline construction activity. The
CONTRACTOR shall not permit any activity beyond this without the written permission
of the OWNER.
3.4
3.4.1
Access
Access to the Works
Access to the Works shall wherever possible be from the public roads crossing the
route of the pipeline(s) and in accordance with the restrictions or requirements of the
appropriate Authorities and other negotiated accesses as shown on the route maps
and alignment sheets. The CONTRACTOR shall take all precautions to prevent
damage to road surfaces and verges as a result of the works, including the crossing of
roads by tracked vehicles and special equipment. The CONTRACTOR shall further
ensure that all roads are kept clean and including ensuring that soil and mud is not
transferred from the right of way to public roads.
The CONTRACTOR shall comply with the requirements of the relevant local authority
having jurisdiction.

Page 8 of 42

3.4.2
Additional Access and Working Areas

Where the CONTRACTOR identifies the need for additional accesses and working
areas outside the Working Width, he shall, at his own cost, make all necessary
arrangements with the relevant affected owner of properties and authority.
3.4.3
Maintenance of Access
The CONTRACTOR shall ensure that public access is maintained along all paths,
roads and tracks crossed by the pipeline(s) unless closure is permitted by the local
authority. Temporary bridging or alternative access shall be provided and maintained
to all properties footways, bridlepaths, etc, which would otherwise be cut off by the
execution of the works.

Page 9 of 42

4
SURVEY AND RECORD OF INSTALLATION

The CONTRACTOR shall employ appropriately qualified staff and be responsible for
the subject work as defined in the Contract.
The CONTRACTOR shall liaise closely with the OWNER Representative during all
phases of the Work, and will provide the OWNER Representative with adequate
opportunity to verify all necessary measurements and details prior to backfilling
operations. The CONTRACTOR shall transfer the pipe number, length and wall
thickness to the exterior pipe coating and maintain these numbers so that an accurate
pipe record is obtained.
Whilst conducting the As-Built Survey, the CONTRACTOR shall immediately notify the
OWNER Representative of any discrepancies between approved design and As-Built
situation. This shall include such items as insufficient cover, misalignment, insufficient
separation between pipe and foreign lines, drains, etc. Should the OWNER
Representative decide upon a correction by the CONTRACTOR in such
circumstances, then the As-Built information shall not be recorded until the correction
has been made.
The CONTRACTOR shall maintain pipe records and these will show each pipe joint,
bend and fitting installed in sequence of installation, with pipe number, weld number,
length, wall thickness, and coating type.
The As-Built Survey and record of installation work shall be carried out in accordance
with the following:
4.1
Survey Methods
The method of surveying used for the pipeline details shall be by EDM/total station, or
other survey equipment approved by the OWNER. The accuracy tolerances on this
work relative to the survey control shall be as follows:
Soft Detail
Hard Detail
(including pipeline field joints)
Elevation loop closed

+0.1 m
+0.05 m
+0.1 m
+0.05 m
0.02vk (k in kilometre)
Horizontal loop closed
1:5000
The CONTRACTOR shall take sufficient observations to show that these specified
accuracies are being achieved. Observations shall be recorded using electronic field
data loggers. The types of survey equipment to be used shall be as defined in Section
4.8.
Survey computation shall be in terms of WGS84 datum co-ordinates, and enough for
construction work. These shall be to an accuracy commensurate with the survey
observations, so all significant corrections for computation on the Transverse Mercator
projection shall be applied.

Page 10 of 42

4.2
As-Built Details
The entire pipeline route shall be surveyed. The data required shall contain:
Method of as-built survey;
Alignment sheet number;
Plot number;
National grid coordinates;
Elevation above ordnance datum;
Depth of cover, prior to backfilling;
Chainage;
Pipes numbers before backfilling;
Weld and joint numbers;
Feature type;
Final ground level after backfilling;
Remarks.
This data shall be required for the following:
every field joint;
position of bends at tangent points;
at all boundaries, road, track, railway, river, ditch;
at the start/end of HDD crossings / thrust bore and special sections;
position of cathodic protection ground beds;
sleeve test points, valves, tees, branches;
levels to the top of pipes (and thickness of concrete coating, where
applicable);
all underground services exposed within the Working Width (Section 4.3);
all overhead services within the Working Width (Section 4.4);
dimensions from field corners and other hard detail along fences and
specified lines to the route and bend joints to define the pipeline on the
1:2,500 alignment sheets;
chainages to marker posts;
corners of protection slabs at crossings;
all field drainage alignments before and after pipeline installation.

Page 11 of 42

4.3
Underground Utilities
The position, direction, depth and nature of all the utilities exposed along the route are
to be surveyed and put on the alignment sheets. The position and elevation above
vertical datum shall be determined whilst the pipeline trench is open using the survey
methods described in Section 4.1. The depth of cover may be computed from the
ground profile.
The nature of each service (i.e. pipe/cable, size, material, product and owner) should
be recorded. This should be annotated on the alignment sheets.
4.4
Overhead Services
The positions and direction of the overhead electricity and telephone cables and posts
are to be surveyed for incorporation on the alignment sheets. If the pipeline route is
changed during construction for any reason, the ground clearance to the overhead
wires should be re-surveyed and the alignment sheets updated.
4.5
Survey Data Listings

The As Built Survey data, as specified in Section 4.2 shall be presented in the form of
co-ordinate listings for alignments sheets along the pipeline route. The listings for each
alignment sheet shall be presented in a printed list, to a format approved by the
OWNER Representative, as the work progresses. The following survey data shall also
be kept and be made available to the OWNER Representative:
surveyors field notes, including instrument calibration sheets;
raw output from the field data loggers;
formatted (field book style) output from the field data loggers;
calculation sheets, including all formulae, constants, observations and
computed values used in computations.
All of these forms of data shall be stored and processed in a professional manner.
Any errors or amendments to the survey observations and computations shall be
clearly and neatly annotated. It shall be available for inspection by OWNER
Representative at any time during the contract. On completion of the Contract, the
data shall become the property of the OWNER, and shall be forwarded to the OWNER
together with all other project documents.
4.6
As-Built Alignment Sheets

The CONTRACTOR shall also provide the As-Built Survey information recorded on the
1:10,000 scale alignment sheets to a neat and legible cartographic standard and also
in electronic format. All features shown on the proposed route alignment sheets shall
be updated using information gathered and included in the final plans.
The recording of As-Built information shall be performed as work progresses on a set
of drawings especially reserved for that purpose. At the end of each week, drawings
shall be marked up to show the up to date As-Built situation. These drawings shall be
available to the OWNER for their comment and ultimate retention.

Page 12 of 42

Where shown on the alignment sheets or special drawings, the respective longitudinal
profiles shall be drawn for the pipelines showing chainages, levels, pipe profile, ground
profile, protection slabs, boundaries, road, rail, river, ditches, tracks and cross
referenced to horizontal route profile and coordinated points shown.
4.7
Reporting
Initially, draft paper copies of all the alignment sheets should be provided for OWNER
approval. When this approval is given, then the CONTRACTOR shall provide a master
drawing of each alignment sheet on a stable base material.
If any errors are subsequently found, the OWNER reserves the right to return the
drawings for amendment.
A detailed report covering all aspects of the survey work shall be provided. This shall
include, but not be limited to, details of the following:
summary of survey work;
survey control: survey methods and results, station descriptions;
detail surveys: survey methods of each category of detail, including methods
of computation, datum parameters / transformations;;
survey equipment: list and description of equipment used for all aspects of
survey work. Details of equipment tests and calibration checks;
draughting: description of equipment and methods used.
One original and 5 copies of this report shall be sent to the OWNER on completion of
the Contract. It is recommended that the CONTRACTOR submits a draft copy of the
report for OWNER approval prior to issue of the final reports, as the OWNER reserves
the right to return the reports for amendments. The report shall be written as a stand
alone document.
4.8
Survey Equipment
Modern survey equipment, which is properly maintained and calibrated, shall be
provided by the CONTRACTOR. The type of equipment that is considered acceptable
is as follows;
total station, or other approved by the OWNER.
electronic field data loggers.
The CONTRACTOR shall ensure that sufficient numbers of back-up survey equipment
of each item and enough accessories are provided to ensure the survey work keeps
pace with pipe laying operations. If a shortage of equipment is delaying the survey
operations, the OWNER will require the CONTRACTOR to provide additional
equipment.
All equipment shall be tested and calibrated prior to commencing the Contract and at
regular intervals throughout the work. Calibration sheets shall be available for
inspection by the OWNER Representative.

Page 13 of 42

Details of all major items of survey equipment to be used shall be provided by the
CONTRACTOR during the tender stage, and in advance of any Contract award.
4.9
Survey Personnel
The CONTRACTOR shall ensure that sufficient numbers of survey teams are on site to
enable the survey work to keep pace with pipe laying operations so that at all times
details are recorded whilst the trench is open.
Survey aspects of the pipeline contract shall be carried out under the direct
supervision of a Qualified Land Surveyor. Other survey personnel shall have minimum
5 years previous experience of construction work preferably on pipeline survey
operations. The OWNER reserves the right to reject any member of the survey team
who, in the OWNER opinion, is not up to the required standard.

Page 14 of 42

5
FIBRE OPTIC CABLE (FOC)
5.1
Installation Within the Pipeline Trench

The CONTRACTOR shall compact the backfill in the pipeline trench level with the top
of the pipe, see section 10. The FOC will be laid at this level, to one side of the
pipeline and intimate backfill continued to a level 150mm above the top of the pipeline
and cable.
CONTRACTOR shall maintain the minimum bending radius of the FOC at all times and
will keep the number of joints to a minimum. The CONTRACTOR will be responsible
for any damage caused to the FOC. Installation lengths shall be the maximum possible
in one sequence, normally no less than 1000m at one time.
5.2
Installation Within a Separate Trench

The CONTRACTOR shall excavate a trench to a minimum depth of 1m located a
minimum distance of 5m away from the centreline of the pipeline or as the construction
drawings indicate. The trench will contain intimate backfill to a level 50mm below and
150mm above the FOC as a minimum.
CONTRACTOR shall maintain the minimum bending radius of the FOC at all times and
will keep the number of joints to a minimum. The CONTRACTOR will be responsible
for any damage caused to the FOC. Installation lengths shall be the maximum possible
in one sequence, normally no less than 1000m at one time.
5.3
Crossings
CONTRACTOR will install HDPE ducts jointed using tension couplings at crossings to
accommodate the FOC.
5.4
Marker Tape
A continuous PVC tape, 150 mm wide and indelibly and continuously marked in black
lettering CAUTION BURIED CABLE written in both English and Arabic, shall be laid
longitudinally in the trench and buried approximately 500 mm directly above the top of
the cable. The tape shall be above any protective concrete marker slabs installed at
crossings or elsewhere.

Page 15 of 42

6
COMMENCEMENT OF THE WORK
6.1
Method Statements
The CONTRACTOR shall provide detailed method statements for permanent and
temporary works including drawings and calculations for all operations, crossings,
special sections, etc for OWNER approvals at least 28 days prior to the operation
commencing.
6.2
Setting Out
The CONTRACTOR shall set out the centre lines of the pipeline(s) and the Working
Width along the length of the route. The CONTRACTOR shall be responsible for the
accuracy of all lines, pegs and grades and shall satisfy himself as to the accuracy of
the setting out by referring to the alignment sheets. Such setting out will be subject to
verification by the OWNER Representative.
The centre line will be marked using 600 mm long rough sawn pointed wooden pegs of
50 mm square section with the top 300 mm painted with non-toxic lead free bright red
paint. The pegs shall be driven into the ground so as to protrude 400 mm above the
nominal surface. The pegs marking the extremities of the Working Width shall be
painted blue.
In general, the pegs will be located at all field boundaries and at other locations
previously agreed with the occupier which are not likely to cause a nuisance to the
land owner or tenant.
Pegs shall be spaced such that each peg is visible from the previous one on the
centreline of the pipelines before trenching to facilitate trenching work.
Intersection points will be marked with white painted pegs. When the peg for an
intersection point falls in the middle of a field, where it could not be left, measurements
to the nearest on-line pegs will be recorded.
Temporary fencing distance posts shall be provided as an integral part of the fencing
to assist in construction progress reporting. Vertical fence posts, at 500 m intervals
shall extend above the normal fence height. Kilometre/metre boards measuring 0.4 m
x 0.4 m shall be attached to these posts.
The CONTRACTOR shall be responsible for the maintenance of all pegs and from
these pegs he shall set out all lines and grades necessary to complete the work.
The CONTRACTOR shall exercise extreme care in the maintenance and provision of
Survey Data.
6.3
Fences
This shall include work done on all fences on the right-of-way which it may be
necessary to cut to permit passage of equipment onto or along the right-of-way. All
fences so cut shall be closed with gates constructed as set out in the drawings and in
a manner acceptable to the OWNER.
CONTRACTOR, having first ascertained from OWNER that permission has been
secured from the property owner, shall furnish materials for and shall install a suitable,
substantial gate or gap in every fence at the point of intersection of the proposed

Page 16 of 42

pipeline with the fence for access to land crossed by the line and for passage of
construction equipment. Before cutting the fences to make these gates or gaps,
CONTRACTOR shall brace and reinforce the fences on each side of the gap to be
opened, in order to prevent damage to said fences. Gates or gaps shall be so
constructed that they can be securely closed and shall be the type specified by
OWNER and shall satisfy land owner and tenant.
CONTRACTOR shall furnish a watchman to maintain these gates where necessary to
prevent livestock from entering or leaving the property or in any other instance where
required by OWNER. CONTRACTOR will use only such roads through farms as are
designated by property owners.
CONTRACTOR shall furnish all wire, posts, nails, or other equipment for construction
of temporary gates and repairing of fences.
On completion of construction, the temporary gates shall be removed and fences
restored by the CONTRACTOR to their original condition or better.
6.4
Clearing
This shall include work necessary for the clearing of all trees, brush, hedges, or other
obstacles, with the exceptions noted below, lying within the confines of the right-ofway.
No cutting or clearing shall occur off the right-of-way without written approval from
OWNER.
Before clearing operations are started, CONTRACTOR shall familiarize itself with all
special provisions included in the right-of-way easements secured by OWNER; and
CONTRACTOR shall comply with these provisions. Where the right-of-way passes
over or through farm yards, groves, orchards, gardens, lawns, ditches, canals, or
similar valuable property, then only that amount of right-of-way necessary for actual
ditching and laying of pipe shall be used; and the CONTRACTOR shall perform the
work in such places so as to minimize the damages and if necessary shall hand ditch
or tunnel through such places.
Where timber is encountered, CONTRACTOR shall clear the right-of-way by removal
of all trees, brush, stumps, and other encumbrances. CONTRACTOR shall remove all
brush, stumps, and other loose debris so that the spoil bank from the ditching
operations shall not fall on any foreign material that might become mixed with the
excavated soil.
All brush, trees, and other materials shall be disposed of or removed by
CONTRACTOR from the right-of-way to the complete satisfaction of OWNER, land
owner, and tenant.
The CONTRACTOR shall comply with other requirements of right-of-way agreements
or regulatory bodies having jurisdiction over lands and forests.
The CONTRACTOR shall furnish and maintain all necessary day and night warning
signs, flares, lanterns, barricades, and flagmen when working on or near roads,
highways, railroads, or other traffic ways to protect all persons and property from injury
and to warn on coming traffic of the obstruction.

Page 17 of 42

7
EXCAVATION
7.1
Surface Stripping
Prior to any grading, ditching or other excavation operation, the CONTRACTOR shall
remove topsoil to the full depth of cultivation over the Working Width except those
areas used for storage of topsoil, within 0.5 m of the fence line or as otherwise directed
by OWNER. Topsoil surface stripping will not normally be required for woodland areas
except over the line of the trench or as requested by the OWNER Representative. All
removed topsoil shall be piled along the Working Width separate from any subsoil, and
in such a manner as to ensure that it will not become intermixed, compressed by
vehicles or equipment, polluted, or scattered by operations in the working area.
The CONTRACTOR shall be responsible for inhibiting or removing weed growth from
topsoil and subsoil piles. Herbicidal weed killer shall not be used in areas of
conservation interest.
In areas of limited topsoil strip or as directed by the OWNER Representative, surface
vegetation shall be protected by the use of geotextile membrane between the surface
vegetation and topsoil or subsoil stacks.
The CONTRACTOR shall take all necessary precautions to preserve topsoil and shall,
at his own expense, replace all topsoil lost or contaminated with an approved imported
topsoil.
In flood plains topsoil storage bunds shall be broken every 100m with a channel to
allow the passage of flood water should a flash flood occur.
Road metal or other surface materials and hardcore shall be kept separate from other
excavated material. Concrete or black top roads shall be saw cut.
Any contaminated land, or material unable to be backfilled or form part of the
reinstatement, shall be collected and disposed of at a suitable identified Waste
Disposal Site, or re-cycled as appropriate.
7.2
Grading
The CONTRACTOR shall undertake such grading of the Working Width as is required
to ensure the construction of the pipeline(s) in accordance with good engineering and
construction practice and to provide access to the pipeline(s) during the construction
period. Any such grading shall be kept to a minimum and shall be subject to the
approval of the OWNER Representative.
The CONTRACTOR shall perform all necessary grading at track, or watercourse
crossings, and at any other location required to permit the passage of construction
equipment.
Material removed from creek banks shall not be placed in the creek bed at points
which will interfere with excavation of the ditch for the pipe across the creek bed or
with any existing drainage.
CONTRACTOR shall take necessary precautions to maintain flow of water in all
ditches and channels to the satisfaction of OWNER and/or tenant and regulatory
authorities. Where necessary, CONTRACTOR shall install flumes, tamp backfill, and
perform such other operations as may be necessary to maintain normal flow of water.

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If a bridge is required the bridge design shall be submitted to the OWNER for approval.
The CONTRACTOR shall propose suitable crossing methods for all other watercourse
crossings for OWNER approval.
The CONTRACTOR shall be responsible for moving all men, equipment and materials
across all such crossings and shall dismantle all such bridges during Working Width
reinstatement.
7.3
7.3.1
Trenching
General
CONTRACTOR shall recognise that personnel working in trenches or excavations are
at risk from ground collapse and/or collision with excavated materials and construction
equipment and shall make all efforts to prevent any personnel injury caused by
working in trenches or excavations.
The minimum depth of cover shall be measured from the top of pipe to the original
surface of the ground or the grade, whichever is lower in elevation. Fill materials in the
Working Width will not be considered to add to depth of cover.
The trench shall be carefully excavated and the bottom finished to give a surface of
even falls or levels to ensure that the pipeline is evenly bedded throughout its length.
Minor variations in contour shall be excavated in order to minimise field bending.
The finished trench shall be completely free of roots, other organic materials, hard
clods, stones, rocks or other hard objects which might dent or damage the pipe
coating. After inspecting the excavated trench, the OWNER Representative shall
decide whether sand or other approved padding material is required.
Rocks, gravel or other hard materials in the ditch, which, in OWNER's opinion will
injure the pipe or pipe coating shall be covered by the CONTRACTOR with soft earth
or sand to give the pipe, when in the ditch, at least 4 inches (100 mm) of clearance
from the rock or hard material. In such areas, on the approval of OWNER, the pipe
may be supported on earth-filled sacks spaced as required by OWNER but in no case
greater than 5m apart.
When a pipeline is not installed to the required depth or is not evenly bedded, it shall
be lifted from the trench before any additional excavation or infilling is carried out.
Where land drains are crossed at the invert level of the pipeline, the trench shall be
excavated to install the pipeline below the invert level of the drain. A separation
distance of at least 150 mm shall be maintained between the pipeline and the drain.
Should the trench be excavated to a depth which, in the opinion of the OWNER
Representative, is greater than required, the CONTRACTOR shall fill the bottom of the
trench to such a depth and with such materials (including lean mix concrete) after
compaction as directed by the OWNER Representative.
The minimum distance between the pipeline and the trench wall shall not be less than
150 mm.
The trench depth and width shall be sufficient to prevent collapse of the trench when
machinery is used close by. In general this shall not be less than 45 degree batter

Page 19 of 42

unless it can be demonstrated that ground conditions or excavation techniques allow a
reduced angle to the satisfaction of the OWNER.
All excavations greater than 1m deep shall include means of personnel exit at a
minimum of 50m intervals. No person shall enter a trench or excavation greater than
1m deep without a watchman on the surface at all times.
Where ground conditions require side slope angles less than 30 degrees, additional
trench supports such as supported sheeting, trench boxes and other protective items
shall be used.
Where excavation is required for installations adjacent to existing pipeline(s), adequate
support (i.e. sand bags, trench sheets, etc) shall be provided until backfill of the new
trench is commenced.
Where the route of the pipeline indicates either a horizontal or vertical change of
direction, the CONTRACTOR shall trim the trench to such profile that the pipe is
supported throughout its length and proper clearance is allowed between the inside of
the pipe bend and the side of the trench.
The position of all land drains and services encountered during the excavation of the
trench shall be immediately recorded for incorporation onto As Built drawings. The line
of the drain or service shall be indicated by stakes on both sides of the trench,
adjacent to the edge of the Working Width.
The stakes for marking land drains shall be 50 mm x 50 mm x 800 mm long projecting
a minimum of 450 mm above ground level, painted orange. All severed land drains
must be accurately located and records of these shall be submitted to the OWNER.
Stakes for marking existing services shall be similar to land drain stakes but shall
support a white board 0.4 m x 0.4 m on which the type and depth of service shall be
painted in red.
7.3.2
Depth of Cover
The pipeline shall be laid with a depth of cover as specified below:
7.3.3
Area
Depth of Cover (minimum)
General
0.9m
Rocky areas (requiring blasting or

similar means of removal)
0.6m
River, wadi or road/rail crossings
1.5m
Black cotton soil areas
1.2m
Excavation at Crossings
Excavations, minimum cover and general arrangement of crossings at ditches, roads,
foreign services and tracks shall be in accordance with the typical construction
drawings. If no guidance in the way of construction drawings is available the minimum
depth of cover shall be 2m from the bottom of the feature to the top of the pipeline.

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Such minimum cover shall be confirmed by stress analysis calculations specific to
each crossing.
The CONTRACTOR shall, whenever possible, complete the ditching, laying and
backfilling of roads before the end of the work day so as to avoid hazards to night
traffic.
7.3.4
Excavation in Running Sand and Unstable Ground

The method of excavating in running sand and/or unstable ground shall be agreed with
the OWNER Representative and approved in writing prior to commencement of the
works.
Where very soft ground is apparent, consideration shall be given to preventing the
pipe, without contents, from becoming buoyant. Any weight bags, anchors or other
device shall not damage the coating or interfere with the C.P. system.
The pipe shall not be allowed to float in the trench in any circumstances.
7.3.5
Drain Tiles
Where drain tile is encountered, CONTRACTOR shall dig the trench so that the
pipeline may be laid under with a clearance of a minimum of 150mm. When any drain
tile is damaged, cut or removed, it must be temporarily repaired immediately if
necessary, at CONTRACTORs expense. At the time such tile is damaged,
CONTRACTOR shall carefully and immediately mark the location of such damaged tile
by means of a latch securely staked with a bright yellow flag attached thereto. Such
markers shall be kept in place and shall not be removed except by the tile repair crew
after tile has been repaired and such repairs have been inspected and approved by
the landowner and the OWNER.
7.4
7.4.1
Horizontal Directional Drilling

General
Drilling technicians should be experienced, with evidence of experience, to carry out
the functions under their direct responsibility. Suitably qualified personnel should be
aware of the restrictions of the work location and of the effects that the drilling rig, its
associated equipment, mud delivery system and electronic or magnetic guidance could
have on other services, the ground surface and the environment.
Fabrication and testing of the pipeline string shall be carried out in accordance with
Specifications in Section 2.
The CONTRACTOR shall flood, gauge, hydrotest and dewater the completed pipeline
string prior to its installation. The CONTRACTOR shall provide potable water for this
operation and shall provide the OWNER with a chemical analysis of the water prior to
commencement of the work. The CONTRACTOR shall provide the OWNER with a
copy of the consent to discharge the test water.
7.4.2
Permits
The CONTRACTOR shall liaise with all relevant bodies, authorities, companies etc,
and obtain all required permits and consents at his cost, to carry out work. The

Page 21 of 42

CONTRACTOR shall ensure, and demonstrate to the OWNER, that all required
permits and consents have been obtained prior to mobilisation to site.
Once obtained, the CONTRACTOR shall ensure that the work is carried out fully in
compliance with the provisions of the permits and consents, and further ensure that all
personnel are made fully aware of any restrictions.
In addition, the CONTRACTOR shall obtain all permits and consents required to
acquire and maintain a suitable and reliable water supply, if this is required.
7.4.3
Drilling Fluids
Bentonites:
sodium montmorrillonite and calcium montmorrillonite;
powders;
granular.
Typically these are a low risk, however, care shall be taken when using powders due
to their fine texture, and eye protection and respirators shall be worn as a minimum
when handling large quantities.
Wet spillages shall be treated carefully due to the high degree of slip. Gloves shall be
worn if the product requires manual handling.
The CONTRACTOR shall carry out regular monitoring of the drilling operations to
determine if there is any breakout of drilling fluids. The CONTRACTOR shall develop
contingency procedures for approval by the OWNER, which can be implemented in the
event of breakout into the river.
7.4.4
Polymer Additives
Dry polymer spills shall be swept up immediately. Wet spills shall be recognised as a
potential slip hazard and shall be treated with an absorbent material and then swept
up. Gloves shall be worn if the product requires manual handling.
7.4.5
Calibration of Downhole Survey System

Prior to the commencement of drilling operations, the CONTRACTOR shall calibrate
the downhole survey system along a line parallel to the proposed borepath. It is
expected that the magnetic direction, inclination, and tool face readings obtained from
this calibration will be used during drilling to calculate the actual borepath positions
versus the design profile.
As the accuracy of pipeline positioning is critical in this location, the CONTRACTOR
shall utilise a Tru-Track surface navigation system, or similarly approved, in suitable
positions along the crossing profile, to afford a secondary more accurate check on the
position of the downhole drill head.

Page 22 of 42

7.4.6
Drilling Tolerances
The clearances to services and surface features shown on construction drawings
produced will be considered as the minimum required. The allowable vertical
tolerance of positioning the pipeline is +0 m, -2 m of the design profile.
The allowable lateral tolerance is 1 m of the design alignment, and the longitudinal
tolerance is 0 m, +5 m.

Page 23 of 42

7.4.7
Documentation
Submissions Prior to Mobilisation
Documentation to be provided by the CONTRACTOR to the OWNER for review prior
to mobilisation of equipment shall include, but not be limited to the following:
copy of permits and consents;
mobilisation plan and schedule for the works;
detailed method statements outlining how the CONTRACTOR intends to

carry out each stage of the works and layout drawings of the rig site, pipeline
stringing site, longitudinal sections etc;
details of the proposed equipment including drill and pull-back pipe, type of
bit, type and size of reamer etc and current calibration/lifting certificates
where appropriate;
calculations as detailed below:
design of pipeline profile taking into account the tolerances given in Section
6.4.6;
stress in product pipe at the beginning of the pulling operation (friction,

weight);
stress in product pipe upon completion of pull-in (friction, flotation, bending);
stress caused by overbend at string entry point (drill exit angle), and
conveyor spacing,
stress in product pipe in final position (pressure, temperature, bending,

overburden);
design of rig anchorage;
design of pull head, swivel and connecting shackle;
drilling fluid selection and design;
estimated quantity of drilling fluid required for the different operations, and
frequency of vacuum trucks required to transport drilling fluid from one
location to another if recirculation is proposed;
breakout calculations.
Submissions During Operations

The CONTRACTOR shall provide the following documentation during the execution of
the works:
copies of daily permits to work (hot and cold);
daily drilling logs containing the information detailed below:

Page 24 of 42

position of drill head;
time;
pull force;
torque;
pump rate;
pump pressure;
quantity of mud being used;
tally of vehicular access;
Daily progress reports containing the information detailed below:
HSEQ (including incident/accident reports, safety inspection logs, etc)
location;
date;
weather;
personnel on site;
plant/equipment on site;
work carried out over the previous 24 hours;
work planned for the next 24 hours, including movement of plant and
equipment;
delays and reasons for any such delay.
daily welding and NDT records.
Final Submissions:
Final report containing, as a minimum, copies of daily drilling and progress reports,
hydrotest results etc, and a synopsis of the work carried out. Details of final report
content shall be approved by OWNER.
As-built drawings in the form of plans and longitudinal sections showing the position of
the installed pipeline in relation to the design position and in relation to the existing
services.
7.5
Rock Trench
Rock Trench is defined as trench in rock that can be excavated to the requirements as
specified in this specification or on the alignment sheets, only by drilling and blasting,
excluding trench in frozen ground.

Page 25 of 42

When such is encountered, the trench shall be of such a depth as to provide required
cover over the completed pipeline and an additional depth of 1 foot (0.3 m) below the
bottom of the pipeline.
The CONTRACTOR shall exercise extreme care when blasting so as not to scatter
rock fragments over the right-of-way or cultivated fields, or cause damage to persons
or property. The CONTRACTOR shall pick up any such scattered rock and dispose of
same to the satisfaction of OWNER and the land owner and/or tenant. In no instance
shall such rock be utilized for padding or backfill material.
The CONTRACTOR shall secure all necessary permits and conform with all legal and
safety requirements in connection with the use of explosives if they are used anywhere
on the WORK.
The CONTRACTOR shall take every precaution to protect the land owner, the tenant,
the workmen, the public and OWNER from any injury, damage, loss, or harm which
might arise because of the use of explosives and shall use only experienced and
competent workmen to supervise, handle, haul, load, place, and detonate the
explosives.
Refuse from dynamite containers, cartridges, and caps shall be disposed of to the
satisfaction of OWNER and the relevant regulatory authority and in no case shall they
be disposed of in the backfill of the trench or on the right-of-way.
No blasting will be allowed without prior written permission of OWNER and prior notice
to landowners, adjacent landowners and other interested parties.
7.6
Explosives
The CONTRACTOR shall not use explosives without the express written permission of
the OWNER. The CONTRACTOR shall acquire, store and use the explosives in
accordance with the requirements of the OWNER and the relevant authorities within
the Government of Sudan. Blasting shall not be permitted within 100 m of any
building, structure, pipeline or utility service without submission of detailed calculations
by CONTRACTOR for OWNER approval demonstrating that the safety and integrity of
nearby objects will not be affected.
For blasting beyond this distance the CONTRACTOR shall limit his charge so that the
amplitude of vibration in any direction does not exceed 60.1 mm at 40 Hz frequency of
vibration or other such amplitude and frequency so that the maximum resultant particle
velocity does not exceed 25 mm per second, when measured 100 m from the building
structure, pipeline or utility measured in the direction of the charge. To record vibration
the CONTRACTOR shall provide a calibrated three-dimensional high speed
vibrograph. When required, the vibrograph must also be capable of measuring and
recording the air blast noise or over-pressure.
The CONTRACTOR is to provide concrete plinths or wall brackets to give a firm
standing for the vibrograph when recording is taking place. These are to be removed
when no longer required.
The CONTRACTOR shall keep, in a form approved by the OWNER, complete records
of vibration recording obtained during blasting operations.
The CONTRACTOR shall give due warning of the times he proposes to fire charges to
all persons liable to be affected by means of siren and shall set out his procedure in

Page 26 of 42

notices posted around the site and also in an explanatory letter, as agreed with the
OWNER, to local residents. The CONTRACTOR shall ensure that local inhabitants
likely to be affected by any blasting operations, whether by noise or vibrations, are
made fully aware of the intention to undertake blasting.
The CONTRACTOR is to prepare and adhere to a procedure to be approved by the
OWNER, indicating his precise method of firing, designed so that the high vibrograph
may be used to record every firing.
The CONTRACTOR shall provide sufficient watchmen at each end of the excavation
or where directed, together with notices, fencing and other measures required by the
OWNER to warn and protect all persons, vehicles and property.
7.7
Removal of Water from Excavations

Ground dewatering and stabilising equipment shall only be introduced with the
approval of the OWNER Representative. Normal trench pumping equipment is not
classified as dewatering equipment.
The whole of the excavations shall be kept clear of water during the progress of the
works. Water from pumping, dewatering or other processes shall be directed by pipes
or flumes into ditches or water courses subject to the approval of the local authorities
and shall only be pumped directly onto the land with the express agreement of the
landowner/occupier. Silting of ditches or watercourses due to disposal of water from
the works shall be minimised by the use of an approved filter system. Any
contamination of a ditch shall be cleaned out by the CONTRACTOR.
Any damage or nuisance arising from dewatering operations shall be the responsibility
of the CONTRACTOR.
7.8
Water Supplies
The CONTRACTOR shall ensure that at all places where water is customarily used or
drawn, an uninterrupted supply of unpolluted water shall be maintained throughout the
period of construction.
Where such supplies are affected in any way by the works, the CONTRACTOR shall
advise the OWNER Representative and shall provide an agreed alternative temporary
supply.
The CONTRACTOR shall repair forthwith all water supply pipes damaged during the
Works.

Page 27 of 42

8
8.1
FABRICATION
General
Fabrication and welding of steel pipelines shall be in accordance with the welding
specification defined in Section 2.0 of this document.
8.2
Pipeline Materials
The handling, transport and storage of free issue materials as defined in the Scope of
Works shall be in accordance with the requirements of the OWNER Representative.
All pipe shall be loaded and unloaded with certified equipment of a suitable capacity
using approved slings of canvas or other non-abrasive material or spreader bars and
protected hooks. Pipes shall not be rolled onto or off trucks or other means of
transport. Guide ropes shall be used at either end when lifting pipes.
8.3
Pipe Storage Site

Specific sites for pipe storage shall be advised by the CONTRACTOR subject to
approval by OWNER. Material handling at the site shall be the responsibility of the
CONTRACTOR and shall be detailed in a method statement to be approved by the
OWNER.
CONTRACTOR shall provide layout details of all pipe and fitting storage areas clearly
showing pipe stacking height, segregation of pipe having differing wall
thickness/coating type, quarantine areas and roads and gangways.
Pipes shall be stacked clear of the ground and a OWNER approved separation
padding shall be used between successive rows of pipe.
Upon arrival of materials at such sites, said materials shall be checked for quantity and
condition by representatives of both CONTRACTOR and OWNER. The authorized
representatives making such checks shall make a written record thereof, which shall
set forth the quantity and condition of the material; and upon completion, the same
shall be signed by the parties making the same; and such record shall thereafter be
conclusive as between the parties hereto. If the material is received in a damaged
condition, an inspection must be made by an agent of the carrier before unloading or
removal of such material and report of such inspection prepared and forwarded to
OWNER.
8.4
Hauling and Stringing

The CONTRACTOR shall haul pipe from the Storage Area to the Project
Construction/Storage base. He shall be responsible for any damage caused to
bridges, public or private roads or property resulting from the handling operations.
The CONTRACTOR shall offload and string pipes along the route of the pipeline.
Pipes shall be so strung out as to cause the least practicable interference with the use
of the land, and at suitable intervals, gaps shall be left between pipes to permit the
passage of stock and equipment across the Working Width.
Pipes shall not be placed on the ground, but shall be raised on timbers with padding
and wedges provided by the CONTRACTOR. Pipes shall, at all times until laid in the

Page 28 of 42

final position, be raised on, and supported over, the full effective width of the padded
timbers.
Pre-coated pipe requires tarpaulin protection when being hauled on gravel roads.
8.5
Pipe Inspection
All dents on seam or girth welds, and all other dents which exceed a maximum depth
of 6 mm in pipe up to 300 mm nominal diameter and dents which exceed 2% of the
nominal diameter for pipes larger than 300 mm should be removed by cutting out the
damaged portion of pipe as a cylinder. Insert patching and pounding out of the dent
shall not be permitted.
8.6
Induction Bends
Induction bends shall be installed only where indicated on the construction drawings,
or as otherwise authorised in writing by OWNER.
8.7
Field Bending
When necessary, the CONTRACTOR shall bend the pipe to conform with the vertical
and horizontal alignment of the trench.
Field bends shall be installed at all points where the change in grade or horizontal
alignment is such that the pipe will not conform to such changes by elastic bending.
For points where the radius of curvature is less than that available for field bending,
the CONTRACTOR shall seek approval from the OWNER Representative to use
additional pre-formed bends.
Bending machines to be used shall be approved by the OWNER Representatives.
They shall be of a type which bends the pipe into a smooth curve, without wrinkles or
flat spots and without measurably reducing the wall thickness. They shall be suitable
for bending coated pipe without damage to the coating. A wrinkle shall be defined as
an undulation greater than 1% of the length between high or low points.
The CONTRACTOR shall employ and use an experienced Bending Engineer and shall
furnish him with such equipment and assistance as he requires to ensure that all field
bends are made in such a manner that the pipe fits the trench with uniform bearing,
maintains the required depth of cover, and when in place in the trench, is neither in
tension nor compression. The bend shall comply with the following:
a) no bend shall be made within 2D of the end of a length of pipe. The resulting
tangents may be subsequently cut off or shortened to a minimum of 1 m, if two or
more bends are to be joined together to make up large degree bends;
b) bent pipes which exhibit buckling or folding will be rejected and on no account
must they be installed in the line;
c) all bending shoes shall be coated to prevent damage to the coating. A holiday
detector shall be used after bending and any damage to coating due to bending
identified shall be repaired by CONTRACTOR.
d) before any bending commences, the CONTRACTOR shall demonstrate to the
OWNER Representative his capability of field bending pipes by performing
approved Bending Qualification Procedures; all bending shall be performed on a
suitable machine using an internal mandrel, where necessary, and unless
otherwise agreed, in such a manner as to ensure a smooth profile;

Page 29 of 42

e) the radius of curvature for the pipe shall not be less than 40 times the outside
diameter (40D) measured to the inside of the bend. Immediately after bending,
the bend shall be tested, in the presence of the OWNER Representative, with a
gauging plate having a diameter of 95% of the least internal diameter;
f) Each bending machine shall, prior to use on site, perform a test bend using the
personnel and equipment to be used in the field. For this test bend, hardness
values shall be taken from along the internal and external radius and shall not
exceed the nominal values for the parent pipe material by more than 10%. If any
pipe exceeds this value, this shall be submitted to the OWNER for approval. A
test bend for each diameter of pipe will be required and each test bend shall be
holiday tested before and after bending noting any damage. The coating shall
be removed at 4 locations around the circumference of each test bend to allow
measurement of pipe wall thickness before and after bending to ensure wall
thickness tolerances are met. Any equipment used or inclined to make the test
bends, i.e. bending shoes and internal mandrels shall continue to be used for all
production bends. Any change shall require a new test bend.
g) Pipe with longitudinal seams shall be bent with the seam 6308 to the neutral
strain axis, i.e. not in the inner or outer portion of the bend.
8.8
Elastic Bending
The carbon steel pipeline can be flexed elastically to effect minor changes in direction.
The pipeline shall not be flexed elastically to a radius of less than 500 m or 600 D,
whichever is greater.
8.9
Lay Out
The CONTRACTOR shall lay out the pipeline to ensure that wastage due to short cut
off sections of pipe shall be kept to a minimum. Unnecessary wastage shall be the
responsibility of the CONTRACTOR.
Prior to cutting, all cut pieces of pipe shall have the parent pipe identification number
transferred thereon indelibly. Failure to identify cut lengths will result in this pipe being
scrapped.
All scrap resulting from cut pipes shall be stacked separately and removed from the
site by the CONTRACTOR to a designated storage area.
The CONTRACTOR shall lay out and measure the pipe so that the number of pieces
cut to less than 2m long is held to a minimum. All cut off pipe 2m or more in length
shall be moved ahead daily to the front end for welding into the line and shall not be
allowed to accumulate as unused pipe.
The minimum distance between any two circumferential welds shall be at least twice
the diameter of the pipe and not more than three circumferential welds will be
permitted in any 10 m section.
8.10 Pipe Cleaning

Prior to line up and welding, CONTRACTOR shall thoroughly clean each pipe using a
brush pull through or other method approved by the OWNER.
End caps shall be used at all times to seal of welded sections of pipeline to prevent
ingress of foreign materials into the cleaned pipeline section.

Page 30 of 42

8.11 Lining Up
The CONTRACTOR shall use a suitable heavy fabric sling or slings when lifting pipe to
align for jointing. Slings shall be of canvas or other non-abrasive material to protect
the pipe surface. The CONTRACTOR shall submit a sample of the type of slings to be
used to the OWNER Representative for approval prior to commencing the Works.
Seam welded or spiral welded pipe shall be lined up such that the seam welds on two
adjacent pipes are no closer than 50 mm for pipe sizes NPS18 and larger.
8.12 Welding
Welding of pipe shall be in accordance with the specifications in Section 2.0.
8.13 Tie-ins
The CONTRACTOR shall undertake all work necessary to tie-in separate welded
sections of the pipeline into a continuous system.
All cutting, bevelling, aligning and welding shall be undertaken in accordance with this
specification and the welding specification referenced in Section 2.0 of this document.
Welding after the pipe has been lowered into the trench (bell hole welding) shall not be
carried out unless the bell hole is adequately sized, fully supported and kept clear of
water.
The provisions of Section 7.7 as regards minimum length of pipe to be used shall
apply.
All tie-in welds shall be radiographically examined. As soon as tie-in welds are
completed, they shall be subject to radiographic testing without delay. In order to
minimise delays, tie-in crews shall maintain close liaison with radiographic inspection
crews.
Tie-in welds, where made after full hydrostatic test, shall also be ultrasonically tested in
addition to radiography. Prior to welding, cut ends shall be ultrasonically tested for the
first 100 mm from the bevel and the bevel itself shall be examined by magnetic particle
inspection.
Tie-in operations shall be in strict accordance with the agreed construction
programme.
8.14 Coating
OWNER will supply the line pipe with coating. CONTRACTOR will be responsible for
coating the pipe at all joints and any other locations as required to ensure complete
protection of the buried pipe.
The coating of field joints or repairs to damaged coating shall be at least as equal in
effectiveness to the coating applied over the main body of the pipeline. All such field
joints and repairs must be inspected with the use of the holiday detector in the
presence of OWNERs representative.
Application of coating in the field shall be as per Specifications in section 2.0.

Page 31 of 42

Any coating material which in the opinion of OWNER has been damaged by
atmospheric conditions, reheating, overheating, or other operations shall not be used
and must be reported to OWNER's representative.
The CONTRACTOR shall notify OWNER in advance of any and all cleaning, coating,
and wrapping operations.

Page 32 of 42

9
LOWERING-IN OPERATIONS
All lowering-in operations shall be undertaken in the presence of the OWNER
Representative who shall be given at least 24 hours notice of the CONTRACTORs
intent to lower in the pipe. Lowering into the trench shall be carried out in accordance
with a Method Statement provided by the CONTRACTOR and agreed by the OWNER
prior to the commencement of the Work.
All brush, skids, pipe, metal of any kind, rocks, large clods, sticks, projecting rocks, and
other hard objects shall be removed from the trench into which the pipeline is to be
lowered so that the protective coating shall not be punctured or abraded.
The lower and lay process shall not take place until a lowering-in certificate has been
approved and issued by the OWNER. This certificate will indicate all the activities
which are required to be completed and accepted by the OWNERs representative
prior to lowering-in.
As a minimum prior to lowering-in the trench shall have been inspected and padded
where necessary, all welds radiographically examined and accepted, all field joint
coating completed and pipe coating inspection and repairs are complete.
A final coating inspection by holiday detection shall be undertaken before lower and
lay is completed. Special care shall be taken to ensure that the pipe coating sustains
no damage during the operations. Lowering-in belts shall not be positioned in areas
where tape wrapping has been applied.
During the lower and lay operation, special care shall be taken to ensure that the pipe
is not laid in a stressed condition. Any damage to the pipe coating indicated by holiday
detection during lowering-in shall be repaired before the lower and lay is complete.
The pipe shall not be lowered into the trench when the temperature is such that undue
contraction will subsequently occur or that coating could be damaged. The pipeline
shall not be lowered into the trench and backfilled at a temperature lower than 10C.

Page 33 of 42

10
BACKFILL
10.1 General
Backfilling of trenches shall only be carried out after the pipeline has been inspected,
approved and a backfilling certificate has been approved and issued by the OWNER
and in the presence of the OWNER representative.
The CONTRACTOR shall ensure that no cinders, scrap metal, welding rods, vegetable
matter or any other material harmful to the pipeline is included in the backfill.
Backfilling operations shall follow as closely as possible after the laying of the pipeline
and fibre optic cable (where cable is laid in the same trench.
Where third party services are present in the trench, the backfill shall be placed and
compacted manually around such services.
Where instructed by the OWNER Representative, the CONTRACTOR shall provide
and install impervious barriers made of suitable material to prevent the passage of
water down the trench and the subsequent washing out of intimate or final backfill.
These barriers shall be spaced as indicated on the construction drawings and/or at
100 m (average) intervals, whichever is the lesser distance.
10.2 Intimate Backfill
Intimate backfill is all backfill in the trench up to a level 150 mm above the top of the
pipe, except at locations where the pipeline is encased in concrete.
Intimate backfill shall be fine grained granular material, mechanically sieved and well
graded with a maximum particle size of 6 mm with no sharp edges (flints etc) or
deleterious matter (metal vegetation etc). It shall be obtained, as far as practicable,
from the excavated material and shall be well compacted using hand rammers under
the pipeline and hand or mechanical compactors for the remaining layers in even
thickness layers of not more than 300 mm depth, all around the pipeline.
Topsoil shall not be used for intimate backfill.
If a flow of groundwater is possible, special care shall be taken in selecting material to
ensure that leaking or migration of particles does not occur. The CONTRACTOR shall
include for the use of Rockshield or equivalent approved proprietary material.
10.3 Final Backfill
Above the intimate backfill, the excavated material shall be backfilled in 300 mm layers
and thoroughly compacted by mechanical means to prevent subsequent settlement.
The original soil sequence shall be preserved as far as possible. The backfilling shall
not be completed until all drains and services crossed by the pipeline(s) have been
repaired and approved by all relevant parties.
Surplus excavated subsoil material shall be hauled away to an area agreed with the
landowner or from the site to an approved dumping location.

Page 34 of 42

10.4 Imported Backfill
Where, in the opinion of the OWNER Representative, it is not practicable to obtain
intimate backfill from the excavated material, imported fine material such as sand or
other stable inorganic material, all of which shall pass through a sieve with a 6 mm
mesh, shall be used. Where imported intimate backfill is used, the minimum cover
above the top of the pipe shall be as stated in 9.2.
10.5 Pipeline Warning Tape
A continuous PVC tape, 150 mm wide and indelibly and continuously marked in black
lettering CAUTION BURIED PIPELINE written in both English and Arabic, shall be
laid longitudinally in the pipe trench and buried approximately 500 mm directly above
the top of the pipeline. The tape shall be above any protective concrete marker slabs
installed at crossings or elsewhere.

Page 35 of 42

11
CLEAN-UP AND FENCE REPAIR

This shall include all work necessary to remove surplus material from the right-of-way
and to finish grading the back-fill and right-of-way and to repair fences.
Before the work is finally accepted, CONTRACTOR shall remove from the right-of-way
and adjacent property, as well as from public and private roads, and the channels of
streams and ditches, all surplus blasted or excavated material. All underbrush, broken
skids, and other such debris shall be burned or otherwise disposed of as specified by
the OWNER. Oil drums, sheet metal from paint barrels, and other objects shall be
gathered up and removed from the right-of-way. Sheet metal or other material shall
not be placed in the pipeline ditch and covered up as a means of disposal.
All materials originally furnished by OWNER and not used in THE WORK will be
picked up regardless of locations at time of clean-up and delivered to OWNERs
storage site or warehouse as directed by OWNER.
On sections of pipeline where there is rock excavation, all loose rock deposited by
such operation, both on right-of-way, and on land adjacent to right-of-way, shall be
picked up and disposed of by CONTRACTOR. The backfill shall be piled over the ditch
and then smoothed down with a grader or harrow.
In all areas, all spoil from side hill cuts will be returned to its original position.
In cultivated farm land or improved lands, the right-of-way soil shall be thoroughly
loosened on completion of clean-up by the use of a deep tillage chisel plow (Graham
plow or equivalent).
Upon completion of construction of the line, permanent repairs shall be made to all
fences by using good quality and like kind of fencing materials. All fence repairs must
be satisfactory to the OWNERs representative and land owner or tenant.
Where the pipeline has been laid within street and improved roadway rights-of-way,
the surface of such streets and improved roadways shall be restored using new
materials of like quality with those found in the original improvement to the satisfaction
of the OWNER and the governmental authority having jurisdiction over that portion of
THE WORK.
Upon completion of clean-up operations, all off right-of-way damage claims will be
settled promptly with land owners. Representatives of both CONTRACTOR and
OWNER will be present in the settlement of ALL claims and for signing of releases by
land owner or tenant on approved forms.
Clean-up progress will be reported to show only the amount of continuous clean-up
from the starting point to the first section skipped. The only exception of the above is
that clean-up progress will be reported as completion with deduction of skips which
may be made around short areas with the written approval of the OWNER when
ground conditions justify the skip.
It is understood that when such skips are permitted, CONTRACTOR agrees to bring
men and equipment back to complete clean-up at such skips as soon as ground
conditions permit or as soon as the OWNER may request at no additional cost.

Page 36 of 42

11.1 Pipeline Markers
Pipeline markers shall be in accordance with the contract drawings. Ground markers
shall be erected at all track, road and watercourse crossings, field boundaries and
elsewhere as required to identify the pipeline(s) and indicate its position.

Page 37 of 42

12
TESTING
This shall include all work and equipment necessary to test and repair the completed
pipeline or section of pipeline.
The CONTRACTOR shall hydrostatically proof test the pipeline, after installation, and
backfill, but can be prior to final re-instatement. Prior to this test the CONTRACTOR
shall run a line scraper through the completed sections in water, to ensure that the line
does not contain any obstruction. Main line valves should be in the full open position.
The scraper shall be fitted with a sizing plate as shown on the appropriate drawing. If
the scraper hangs up and will not pass through, it will be the responsibility of the
CONTRACTOR to remove the obstruction and re-insert the scraper at the discretion of
the OWNER's Representative. Upon successful completion of this scraper run, it shall
be removed from the test section. The OWNERs Representative shall be present to
witness the removal of the scraper.
For buried test sections the hydrostatic test shall be for a minimum of twenty-four (24)
hours or longer as required by public authority and shall be recorded by a pressure
recorder supplied by CONTRACTOR and must be checked with Dead Weight Tester
supplied by CONTRACTOR.
The CONTRACTOR must make his own arrangements for obtaining water required for
the tests and disposing (including government permits) of it after completion of the
test. If this requires drilling of wells, CONTRACTOR shall ensure sufficient wells are
drilled and that no adjacent 3rd party wells are significantly affected.
Procedures for supply of test water and testing of water purity shall be approved in
writing by OWNER. The water used for the test must be clean, free of silt, suspended
material or harmful corrosive components.
Water used to test one section shall not be used to test another section.
CONTRACTOR must supply all fill pipe, pumps for filling and testing the pipeline and
any other equipment required, e.g. sufficient buried temperature probes to measure
temperature of the buried pipeline.
All valves and appurtenances must be checked by the CONTRACTOR, prior to filling
the pipeline, to ensure that they are in proper working order. Valves and fittings must
be greased and checked for tightness before filling.
When filling any section, bi-directional sealing or pig must be run immediately in front
of the water. It may be necessary to hold a back pressure of air on the pig or sphere
to prevent it from running away from the water. When all sections are filled, entrapped
air must be blown off at all available access points. A minimum of twelve hours shall
occur from completion of filling to start of test to allow for thermal equilibrium.
Warning signs should be placed along the right-of-way at all public crossings and at all
points where there is exposed pipe or appurtenances.
Where methanol or glycol is required the CONTRACTOR shall be required to supply
this material.
Prior to starting the test, check all fittings for tightness. Install bull plugs and blind
flanges except where gauges, recorders, or pumps are connected.

Page 38 of 42

The pressure pump and connections must be checked before the test commences to
ensure that they are capable of handling the job and withstanding the pressure.
Sufficient buried temperature gauges shall be used to be able to determine the
temperature of the test water during the test period. There shall be at least three
locations in any section, with a minimum of one every 50km length for sections longer
than 100km.
During initial pressurisation, calculations shall be performed to demonstrate that air
volume is less than 1%.
The pressure test acceptance criteria and calculations shall be in accordance with
BS8010 pt 2.8, section 8.6.
All leaks or pressure drops must be accounted for and remedied or repaired by the
CONTRACTOR to the satisfaction of the OWNER. Following any repair, pipeline
section shall be tested again in completeness.
Upon completion of the pressure, the pressure shall be bled from the section in a
controlled manner at no more than 10 barg /minutes. Care must be exercised when
removing bull plugs or blanking plates to avoid injury or damage due to a pressure
build-up through a leaking valve. The CONTRACTOR will purge the entire section of
water by using a pig driven by compressed air on other fluid as approval by OWNER.
Subsequent to this initial run, additional runs with a pig may be required by the
OWNER to ensure that all of the water has been removed from the test section.
Procedures for disposal of test water shall be approved in writing by OWNER. Disposal
of test water shall be in accordance with requirements of local authorities and good
environmental practice.
If product is not available for transport within 28 days of pipeline testing the pipeline
shall be filled by CONTRACTOR with a dry nitrogen gas or other medium approved by
OWNER.

Page 39 of 42

13
SPECIAL CROSSINGS
13.1 Highway and Railway Crossings

This shall include all work necessary to haul and string, excavate, bore and install pipe
under railways and roadways, and to backfill and repair such excavations.
CONTRACTOR shall procure all easement permits for crossings, but CONTRACTOR
shall perform no excavation on the highway or railroad right-of-way without approval by
the OWNER and relevant Authority is granted. CONTRACTOR shall familiarize itself
with all the requirements and restrictions of crossing permits and shall conduct the
work in strict accordance with such requirements and restrictions, including notification
of proper authorities having jurisdiction as may be specified by OWNER.
CONTRACTOR shall not cut into any highway, surface or concrete, asphalt, gravel, oil,
or any binding material without written permission from the governmental authority
under whose jurisdiction a permit is issued. When permission is granted to the
CONTRACTOR to cut such a surface, CONTRACTOR shall effect barricades and post
warnings to prevent injury or damage to traffic. CONTRACTOR may, however, instead
of bridging, backfill the ditch the full width of such roadway when specifically permitted
to do so by OWNER and provided adequate maintenance is furnished.
CONTRACTOR shall provide crossings, wherever necessary, to permit property
OWNER or his tenant to travel or move his stock and equipment from one point to
another on his property. Where the surface of a highway has been cut to install pipe,
the crossing shall be back-filled and tamped to the satisfaction of OWNER and the
governmental body having jurisdiction. CONTRACTOR shall furnish and haul water to
wet the backfilled dirt if directed by OWNER, in order to obtain the proper degree of
compaction.
For bored crossings, the CONTRACTOR is to bore through the crossing using casing
pipe of equal outside diameter to the carrier pipe. And then replace the casing with the
carrier pipe when the crossing is complete. CONTRACTOR will supply necessary
casing for boring through the crossing. After the casing is through the crossing, the
carrier pipe is to be welded to the casing and pulled or pushed into position under the
crossing.
13.2 Wadi Crossings
This shall include all work, equipment, materials not furnished by OWNER and all other
things necessary for the construction of the pipeline ready for use by OWNER across
drainage ditches, wadis, streams, rivers and adjacent low land and flood plains. The
trench for said pipe shall be excavated to a width of at least 300 mm greater than the
O.D. of the pipe to be placed therein and shall be a depth sufficient to provide cover
as shown on accompanying drawings. Unless shown on the Plans, the grade will limit
sag bends to a distance of not less than 4 m, measured landward from the point of
maximum high water elevation.
That section of the pipe to be laid across such streams and adjacent low land shall be
weighted with river weights where directed by OWNER. Contractor shall be
responsible for the design, supply and installation of the river weights as necessary.
CONTRACTOR shall conduct operations so as not to hinder the flow of water.

Page 40 of 42

The gradient of the stream bed shall be maintained by not leaving spoil banks of
excavated material of other objects in the stream bed.
Stream banks shall be restored to the original grade and cleared of any foreign
objects.
Rock riprap shall be placed at locations designated by the OWNER to protect the
banks and pipeline.
13.3 Open Cut River Crossings
If a river crossing is specified by OWNER and approved by relevant authority to be
crossed by open cut method the following shall apply:
For all specifications for grading, welding, coating, etc., not detailed below, refer to the
appropriate section of this Specification.
The pipe trench shall be excavated to a width and depth sufficient to provide the
minimum cover directed by the OWNER or as per the Drawings supplied.
Unless shown on the plans, the grade will limit sag bends to a distance of not less than
300 mm, measured landward from the point of maximum high water elevation.
All welds in crossings to be NOT by means of radiographs or similar examinations.
The crossing pipe may be weighted with a continuous coating of reinforced concrete, if
indicated in the Job Description and on the Construction Drawings. CONTRACTOR
shall be responsible for the materials and application of this concrete coating.
Thickness, density and aggregate of the concrete sheath shall be as noted on the
Drawings and shall be applied in such a manner as to assure perfect adherence to the
reinforcing and pipe coating.
The concrete coating shall be continuous over each assembled pipe section except for
300 mm at each end. The concrete shall be made equivalent to ASTM Specifications
C-94. An air entraining agent shall be used to yield four to seven percent of air by
volume. Clean, pure water is to be used in the concrete mix. The concrete shall be
reinforced with a minimum of 2" x 2" x 15 gauge steel wire reinforcing mesh carefully
shaped and placed around the pipe. The concrete coating must have a minimum
compressive strength of at least 4,000 psi (27.6 MPa) in three days, and shall be cured
for at least forty-eight (48) hours before the pipe is handled and three days before it is
laid.
Just prior to the installation of the concrete sheath, the coating on the pipe sections
shall be checked with a holiday detector, and all holidays repaired.
Wire reinforcing mesh shall be carefully placed encircling the pipe and permanently
spaced 25 mm from the pipe line coating in a manner to avoid damage to the coating.
Encircling forms shall be installed with appropriate spacers to ensure a uniform
thickness of concrete. These spacers shall be designed in such way as to ensure they
will not cause damage to the pipe coating.
The concrete shall be applied to prevent voids and honeycomb.
The welded joint between two such lengths shall also be double wrapped with tape
and concrete coated in accordance with the foregoing specifications.

Page 41 of 42

The concrete coating may be applied by "guniting" or by forming and pouring.
A pressure test is to be placed on the pipeline by the CONTRACTOR before it is
installed in the trench. This test will be hydrostatic and is to be for a duration of six (6)
hours. All liquid must be removed from the line immediately after the test. Test
pressure as per Job Description.
Special care must be exercised to ensure that the entire length of line is backfilled
resulting in a uniform river bottom when the job is finished.
Rock riprap and/or sand or earth filled bags shall be placed at locations designated by
the OWNER to protect the banks and pipeline.

Page 42 of 42

01-P-1-007 Pipeline Construction Spec Rev A

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Melut Basin Oil Development Project (Downstream)

PIPELINE CONSTRUCTION SPECIFICATION

Issued For Approval

Issued for comment

Melut Basin Oil Development Project (Downstream)

CODES, REGULATIONS AND STANDARDS .............................................................................. 6

Installation Within the Pipeline Trench......................................................................... 15

COMMENCEMENT OF THE WORK ........................................................................................... 16

Survey Methods .............................................................................................................. 10

FIBRE OPTIC CABLE (FOC) ...................................................................................................... 15

Liaison Officer(s) - LO(s) .................................................................................................. 8

SURVEY AND RECORD OF INSTALLATION............................................................................ 10

Other Specifications ......................................................................................................... 6

RIGHTS OF WAY AND ACCESS.................................................................................................. 8

Method Statements ......................................................................................................... 16

Surface Stripping ............................................................................................................ 18

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Melut Basin Oil Development Project (Downstream)

7.3.4 Excavation in Running Sand and Unstable Ground....................................... 21

LOWERING-IN OPERATIONS .................................................................................................... 33

CLEAN-UP AND FENCE REPAIR .............................................................................................. 36

SPECIAL CROSSINGS ............................................................................................................... 40

Highway and Railway Crossings................................................................................... 40

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Melut Basin Oil Development Project (Downstream)

g:\052417 - pdoc sudan pipeline\6.0 j p kenny project documents\documents\specifications\pipeline\issued\01-p-1-007 pipeline

Melut Basin Oil Development Project (Downstream)

g:\052417 - pdoc sudan pipeline\6.0 j p kenny project documents\documents\specifications\pipeline\issued\01-p-1-007 pipeline

Melut Basin Oil Development Project (Downstream)

CODES, REGULATIONS AND STANDARDS

ASME B31.4, Liquid Transportation Systems for Hydrocarbons, Liquid Petroleum

API RP 5LW, Recommended Practice for Transportation of Line Pipe on Barges

API Specification 1104, Welding of Pipelines and Related Facilities

Regulations, Codes and Statutes of Authority having jurisdiction in location of

SAW Line Pipe Specification

3 Layer PP Coating Specification

Field Welding and NDE Specification

Field Joint Coating Specification

Pipework Welding and Inspection Specification

PDOC HSE Procedures:

Personal Safety Procedure

Driving Safety Procedure

Incident Investigating and Reporting Procedure

Radioactive Safety Procedure

Explosives Safety Handling Procedure (under development)

Health Claim Procedure

Panel Clinic Health Care Procedure

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Melut Basin Oil Development Project (Downstream)

g:\052417 - pdoc sudan pipeline\6.0 j p kenny project documents\documents\specifications\pipeline\issued\01-p-1-007 pipeline

Melut Basin Oil Development Project (Downstream)

RIGHTS OF WAY AND ACCESS

Liaison Officer(s) - LO(s)

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Melut Basin Oil Development Project (Downstream)

Additional Access and Working Areas

g:\052417 - pdoc sudan pipeline\6.0 j p kenny project documents\documents\specifications\pipeline\issued\01-p-1-007 pipeline

Melut Basin Oil Development Project (Downstream)

SURVEY AND RECORD OF INSTALLATION

Elevation loop closed

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Melut Basin Oil Development Project (Downstream)

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