Research Paper Topic: Evolution of Apple Inc **

Bibliography Provided**
Project to consist of:
1 Page of Synthesized information
1-2 Page Writing Plan
11 Page Research Paper (Provide copies of a rough draft, and
revised draft) Please read instructions:
1.Choose a 5-10 page article and Synthesize the information
(suggested length of 12 pages) presented in different sections of
the article, pulling individual pieces of information together to
create a meaningful idea that is not merely a summary of the
article. Include all in-text citations and references in APA format
2.Create a writing plan (e.g., visual organizer, formal outline,
working outline) to help you prepare to write your research paper.
Use complete sentences throughout ~2a.Include all in-text
citations and references in APA format. ~2b.Include the following
in the writing plan: -1.Introduction: Provide your working thesis
statement and preview your main points. -2.Body: Provide the
main points that appear in your thesis. Construct a topic sentence
for each of these main points. -3.Conclusion: Indicate the main
concepts you will include in your conclusion. Re-state the thesis
and summarize the main points. Do not include new information
in your conclusion. ~2c.To ensure a proper correspondence
between in-text and reference citations, be sure that each in-text
citation has a matching reference citation.
3.Provide a Rough Draft, and revised draft of the actual research
paper.

4.Provide a final copy of your research paper (11 Pages) that

incorporates the revisions you made. Provide the following in your
final draft: 1. Introduction Introduce your thesis statement.
Preview the points that you will cover in the body of your paper.
2. Body a. Develop each of the main points previewed in the
introduction with support from a variety of sources. b. Use at least
10 credible sources in your paper. 3. Conclusion Restate the
thesis statement. Summarize the main points of your research
paper.
4. Reference List a. Include all in-text citations and references in APA format.

Abstract.
In the world today, the electronic and computer industry is regarded as one of
the most profitable and cost effective industries. Apple computer Company has
operated in electronic and computer business for more than 30 years, where it has
gained reputation of being an excellent manufacturer of computers and other
electronic goods such as iPhones and iPads, and iPods. The organization was
established by Steve Jobs, Steve Wozniak, and Ronald Wayne in the year 1976. At
the moment, the organizations position range among the biggest technological
organization in the world, and tends to employ more 52,000 employees worldwide
(Wall street Journal, 2011). The institution is credited to have an upward evolution /
progress, which has seen the company grow from a small computer company to a
world of class electronics consumer goods manufacturer. Therefore, this paper gives

annotated bibliography of ten articles that outlines the evolution of the Apple
Computer company.

The evolution of the Apple computer

Annotated Bibliography The evolution of the Apple
computer
Dougherty, M. (2010). The History of Apple, Inc. Retrieved from:
http://www.brighthub.com/computing/mac-platform/articles/65346.aspx
According to the article, The history of apple, Inc. Dougherty explores Apple
Inc as an American company that was established by three technology moguls, with
aim of providing personal computers to American homes. The company is well
recognized with its Macintosh brand, which also includes the famous iTunes media
application, and the music player, iPod. The author ascertains the companys
performance in the consumer electronics field where it boosts of loyal consumers
even though critics regard their products as overpriced.

In its history, the most important public relation made by the company relate
to advert they made in 1984, that depicted the concepts of the famous George
Orwell novel, where big companies like IBM where regarded as big brother, while
emerging companies like apple represented the female heroine. With the release of
its famous iPad in 1998, the company was able to dispel some of its previous
mistakes that included the creation of bulky and awkward looking PDA in previous
years. Three years later the company developed an operating system named Mac
OS X, which had capability of harnessing the power of UNIX, while at the same time
offering modernized consumer experience using simplified and easy to use
Graphical User Interface. According to Dougherty (2010), in the same year the
company developed the iPod that established a stage for future dynamic products
such as the famous Apple iPhone, MacBook portable computers, and Apple iPad
launched in January 2010.
The source is of high quality since it gives analysis of the companys history,
its products and social responsibility.
Wall street Journal (2011). The Apple Evolution. Retrieved From:
http://online.wsj.com/article/SB10001424052748703808904575024692608065072.
html
According to the article, The apple Evolution. Over 30 years the company
has launched many hyped models that have made great impacts, with one or two
disappointments. The Apple Company began its first mass production of computers
in the year 1977, where it produced a model named Apple II, with 4 kb of RAM, a
floppy Disk Drive, and an attached monitor that displayed objects in green. In 1987,
the company produced a model named Macintosh II that provided a firm standpoint

for development of Newton MessagePad in 1993; an electronic organizer that had

the capacity to recognize specific handwriting. Despite its advantages, the product
was very bulky and expensive and was later discontinued. Few years later, the
company developed Power Macintosh 6500. Later launched iMac was launched
followed by; G4 Cube was sold without an accompanying monitor.
Despite its innovative size and design, the product was very expensive and
required huge amount of power to operate (Wall street Journal, 2011). These issues
together with consumer claims that its case cracked forced the company to
discontinue it development in the year 2001. It the same year the company
developed the iPod, which had capacity to download more than a thousand songs
with quality similar to that of compact disks (CDs) into a 5 GB Hard disk. At this
time, the product had no iTune application and it operated under Machintoch
Operating system. Under the guidance of Steve, the Company in 2001 launched
another improved version of iMac that had an arm like structure that allowed the
screen to rotate. The model had also an incorporated drive which allowed burning of
data into DVDs and CDs. Other apple products up to year 2010 include, the iTune
store in 2003, iPod mini in 2004, iPhone in 2007, MacBook Air in 2008, iPad in 2009,
iPhone 4 For Verizon in 2011, and finally iPad 2 in 2011.
This article gives analysis of all products released by Apple all the way since
its inception to 2011.
Edible Apple. (2009). The Evolution and History of the Apple Logo
Retrieved from:
http://www.edibleapple.com/the-evolution-and-history-of-the-apple-logo

The article describes all the logos used by Apple company inc., since its
commencement in 1976. According to the article, The evolution and History of the
Apple logo. The first apple logo was structured by Ronald Wayne, and it shows a
picture of Isaac Newton under a tree. The logo never lasted for long, and it was
replaced with a Rainbow Logo, which depicted an apple fruit with rainbow stripes
across the surface. The logo was initiated by Steve Jobs in late 1976, but it was
designed by Rob Janoff. The main intention of this logo was chiefly to bring life or
humanize the company, and it later came to become the most familiar and iconic
logo in the electronics industry (Edible Apple, 2009). In 1998, the logo was replaced
with the Monochrome Logo, which is in operation up to date. The article evidently
describes and gives exact timeframe when each logo was introduced thus giving
credible materials
Funding Universe (2008). Apple Computer, Inc. Retrieved from
http://www.fundinguniverse.com/company-histories/apple-computerinc-company.html
According to the article Apple Computer Inc, Funding universe attribute
Apple Computer Inc, to have enormously changed the face of personal computer
manufacturing in the world. Its first line of production under the Macantosh label in
1984 placed the company as the trendsetter in industrial and personal design. The
company ascended through 1980s with production of expensive computers where
despite its price, accounted for about 11% of computers sold in America. The most
imperative issue of the 1990s was not much related to technological advancement,
but on human resource and management, especially on the top management. This
dented the company reputation, and on one occasion it made the companys stock
to plunge more than 20%. With high turnover at the helm of the company, Jobs

assumed his responsibilities as the chief executive in 1998, a position he holds up to

date. With his restorative skills, Apple was able to achieve its former glory and
consistent growth (Funding Universe, 2008).
This source is of high quality, in that it provides credible information in
relation to management of the company, and gives details of performance of the
top companys management.
Administrator. (2008). Apple Inc. Evolution. Retrieved from:
http://www.ipodtopctransfer.com/news/apple-inc.html
According to the article Apple Inc, Evolution, Apple Inc. Formerly Apple
computer Inc, is an American company specializing in computer hardware, software,
media players and computer accessories. The most successful product in the
company history was the Apple II, in 1977, which was followed by Lisa in 1983, a PC
with GUI and mouse. Later in 1984, the company released Macintosh that later
become a major influence in advancement of GUI. In the year 1991, Apple Inc
established portable computers called the PowerBooks line. This year also saw the
companys share price fall due to stiff competition from IBM computers and
Microsoft Windows. In the year 2000s, Apple Inc increased its focus to include
software development, music, video, and photo processing equipments, with aim of
becoming a digital hub.
At the moment the company is involved in production of Intel based Mac
computers that was initiated in 2006. In 2000s, the companys stock has also
increased tenfold, from about 7$ to 81$. Despite an increase in computer demand,
the company still remains behind some of its major competitors such as Dell and
Microsoft Windows. It only accounts for about 8% of the US market share. This

source gives an outline of major episodes occurring in the company history, thus
providing high quality material that is reliable for both research and referencing
(Administrator, 2008). This type of practice rationale is most suitable as a
realization tool contrary to an assessment tool that needs a dissimilar kind or
substantiation as well as different resulting measures. The concepts in this article
must be viewed within the framework of guidelines and advantages.
Singh, A. (2004). Apple operating system (OS) History. Retrieved from:
http://www.kernelthread.com/publications/appleoshistory/1.html
With respect to, Apple operating system by Singh. A (2004), of all operating
systems produced by Apple, Mac OS X is the most inimitable one and it tends to
represent a paradigm change of technology, ideologies and concepts, which have
made it survive competition from its rivals. According to Singh, A (2004), the first
Bytes into an Apple consisted of Apple I, which had an 8-byte microprocessor and a
MOS 6502. The computer had no case, and consisted of 8 kb RAM and a keyboard
interface. Just like Apple I, Apple II consisted of 6502 microprocessor, which had a
number of operating systems such as Apple Dos, Apple Pascal, Apple CP/M, Apple
SOS, Apple ProDOS. After the release of Apple II in mid 1977, it was discovered that
having a disk drive for that model was imperative, and this made Wozniak design a
floppy disk drive that required (DOS) disk operating system. The first model or
version of DOS was Apple DOS 3.1, which remained in use for quite some time, with
only minor upgrades taking place. After using Dos system for about 8 years, Apple
introduced Mac OS 8 in 1997, which established a platform that led to acquisition of
NeXT Software Inc. Steve Jobs, the company founder was also acquired together
with the company as consultant. Under the helm of Steve, the company was able to
introduce various advancement/ Versions of the Mac OS systems, with the most

sophisticated one being released in 2008 under the name, Mac OS X 10.6,
nicknamed Snow Leopard.
This source is very credible in that it gives analysis and history of operating
systems. The article is of high quality for the reason that its peer reviewed.

Moeen, H. (Aug 31, 2009). Apple: The Evolution. Retrieved From:

http://pakmediablog.net/815/apple-the-eolution
According to Moeen article, Apple: the Evolution. Wozniak and Steve Jobs
started working for HP and Atari respectively, after completing high schooling in
early years Wozniak was nicknamed Apple Genius. After a short spell, Wozniak was
involved in an accident; from there he decided to further his education at the
University of Berkeley. Upon completion, he went back to the company with more
skills initiating creation of Apple III. The model had many issues and led to creation
of a new advanced Apple IIIs which came with low prices, improved sockets and a
hard disk of 5MB. Failures from Apple III forced Apple Inc to develop Macintosh
model in 1984, which was received well by an excited and would-be customers. The
model was cheap and light. Various versions of Mac followed targeting different
clientele, leading to the establishment of Mac plus in the year 1986, Mac II in the
year 1987. According to this article, before the end of the 20 th century Apple Inc has
been able to meet requirements of environment safety standards, requiring it to
stop making their products with CFCs (Moeen, 2009)
Credibility of this source is based on the fact that it gives details of its
founder, though it does not elaborate on their specific contributions.

Web Designer Depot (2008) The evolution of Apple Design Between 19772008. Retrieved from: http://www.webdesignerdepot.com/2009/01/theevolution-of-apple-design-between-1977-2008
According to Web Designer Depot (2008), the evolution of Apple Inc had
famous flops and leaps. The year 1977 saw the establishment of the famous
company logo and Apple II, which differentiated the company from its competitors
in the market. What followed was the launch of Apple III 1980, which was
manufactured primarily to compete with Microsoft and IBM. In 1984 Lisa/Macintosh
XL model was introduced, followed by Apple II GS and Macintosh Plus in 1986. In
1987, a new model with an internal hard disk called Macintosh SE was introduced. It
was followed by Macintosh SE/30 in year 1989, which had RAM capable of expansion
and a 1.44 MB floppy drive. Other Macintosh models of the 1990s include Macintosh
Classic in 1990, Macintosh Classic II in 1991, Macintosh Color Classic in the year
1993, Apple Macintosh LC 500 in late 1993, Macintosh Performa 5200 in the year
1995. Others include Twentieth Anniversary Macintosh (TAM) in the year 1997,
PowerMac G3 All-In-One in the year 1998, iMac G3 Tray-Loading, Bondi Blue still in
the year 1998, and finally iMac G3 S lot-loading Indigo in 1999. Versions of the
2000s include eMac in 2001, iMac G4 in the year 2002, iMac G5 in the year 2005,
and finally iMac (Intel Based) Aluminum in the year 2007 (Web Designer Depot,
2008)
This source is of high quality and very credible in that it spells out All-In-One
Computers of Apple Inc.
Wilson, M. (2007). 30 Years of Apple Evolution. Retrieved from:
http://gizmodo.com/#!276009/30-years-of-apple-evolution

According to Wilson (2007), article 30 Years of Apple Evolution, most of the

early Apple products were designed by Edwin Tofslie. The article identifies Apple Inc
to be competing in the technology sector, which contends by large number of
competitors trying to replicate each others success. Since the company inception,
the top rivals of the company included Amiga and Atari ST, IBM and, Compaq. In
1970s, Atari and Amiga were the companys strongest rivals, while Microsoft
became its strongest rivals in early 1990s (Wilson, 2007).
The source is of high quality, but it is not credible enough because it does not
give details of all the companys competitors.
Apple Inc. (2008). History of Apple Inc. /Progress in the 1990s. Retrieved
from:
http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/history_of_Apple_Inc./Progress_in_the_1990s
According to this article, the companys history of the mid 1990s was the
period of continuous incompetence, while late 1990s was the period of rebuilding. In
early 1990s, Apple Inc was performing very badly with most of their products
uninspired, overpriced, and lacking invention. The company suffered from massive
competition from Microsoft and IBM, since most of its Macintosh models had
relatively inconsequential improvements. Brands beating Apple had standard styles
and their prices were significantly lower (Apple Inc, 2008). With view to rebuild and
collect previous mistakes, in the year 1998 the company launched the iMac platform
which consisted of SCSI designs, and ADB ports. Later the iMac Portable model was
initiated, followed by advanced G3, G4, G5, and eMac models.
In the year 2001, the company with aim of achieving greatness invented the
iPod music player, which was followed by more advanced models like iPod nano,

photo, video, and mini. In 2006, the company changed its processor to that of
Intels which had a Core Duo processor.
Credibility of these sources is based on its capacity to give events that
occurred in the 1990s, a phase viewed as very important in the company history
and development.

References
Apple Inc. (2008). History of Apple Inc. /Progress in the 1990s. Retrieved
from:
http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/history_of_Apple_Inc./Progress_in_the_1990s

Administrator. (2008). Apple Inc. Evolution. Retrieved from

http://www.ipodtopctransfer.com/news/apple-inc.html

Dougherty, M. (2010). The History of Apple, Inc. Retrieved from:

http://www.brighthub.com/computing/mac-platform/articles/65346.aspx

Edible Apple. (2009). The Evolution and History of the Apple Logo
Retrieved from: http://www.edibleapple.com/the-evolution-and-history-of-theapple-logo

Funding Universe (2008). Apple Computer, Inc. Retrieved from

http://www.fundinguniverse.com/company-histories/apple-computer-inccompany.html

Moeen, H. (Aug 31, 2009). Apple: The Evolution. Retrieved From:

http://pakmediablog.net/815/apple-the-eolution

Singh, A. (2004). Apple operating system (OS) History. Retrieved from:

http://www.kernelthread.com/publications/appleoshistory/1.html

Web Designer Depot (2008) The evolution of Apple Design Between 19772008. Retrieved from: http://www.webdesignerdepot.com/2009/01/theevolution-of-apple-design-between-1977-2008

Wilson, M. (2007). 30 Years of Apple Evolution. Retrieved from:

http://gizmodo.com/#!276009/30-years-of-apple-evolution
Wall street Journal (2011). The Apple Evolution. Retrieved From:
http://online.wsj.com/article/SB10001424052748703808904575024692608065072.
html