Chemistry - Test 3

Modules 7-9
Name: _____________________
Complete all questions in the space provided. Use complete sentences where appropriate.
You don't need to show your calculations, but it is recommended that you do calculations
and equations first using proper steps on scrap paper.
1.

State the rule for the behaviour electrical (static) charges. (value 1)
Static electricity is the result of an imbalance between negative and positive charges in an object in which positive and negative charges attract one another and same charge repulse each other
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2.

The Crooke's Tube experiment involved connecting a battery to a glass filled with a
small amount of gas. With the battery connected, a glow of green light appeared at the
opposite end of the tube. When an obstacle was placed inside the tube, a shadow
appeared in the glow. What conclusions about the makeup of the atom were made
from these experiments by Crook and Thomson? How was this different from previous
science? (value 3)
Crook and Thomson showed that atoms were made up of multiple charged particles,
as opposed to the previous models that suggested atoms were indivisible.

3.

Using your Periodic Table of Elements (inside front cover of textbook), complete the
following table. (value 3)
# electrons # protons # neutrons
33

16

235 U

92

____

36Cl
4.

17

16

17

92

143
17

19

Earnest Rutherford conducted a famous experiment by aiming a narrow beam of

radiation at a thin piece of gold foil. He observed that flashes of light appeared at
different angles behind the gold foil on a screen. What conclusions did Rutherford
reach concerning the structure of the atom from this experiment? How was this
understanding different from previous science? (value 3)
Rutherford drew the conclusion that atoms are not simply just empty space with some
electrons flying around the outside but rather that they are mostly empty space with a
small but relatively massive nucleus at the centre. The nucleus is made up of positive
and neutral particles were at the electrons are negative.

5.

a) State the Dual Theory of Light in one sentence. (value 1)

Light can behave as both a particle and a wave

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b) Which light has a longer wavelength: light with a frequency of 1013 Hz or light with a
frequency of 1014 Hz? (value 1)
The light with the frequency of 10^13Hz has a longer wavelength

_______________________________________________
6.

Complete the following chart of electrons configurations using your Periodic Table of
Elements. Just type the numbers for subscripts (eg. 2s2 2p6...etc) (value 4)
Element

Configuration

Nitrogen

1s2 2s2 2p3

Potassium

1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s1

Vanadium

[Ar] 4s2 3d3

As

7.

Give the number of valence electrons for each element and predict whether the atom
will lose electrons or gain electrons or neither. (value 3)
Element
F

8.

1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 5p3

# of Valence electrons will lose or gain e- or neither

gain

Xe

8 neither gain or lose

Al

lose

Determine if the example of the Lewis Structure below is a covalent or ionic compound.
Explain why. What does the line between the two atoms represent? (value 3)

This is a covalent bond because the atoms are

sharing an electron. The line represents the Electron
that is being shared between the 2 atoms.

9.

Determine if the example of the Lewis Structure below is a covalent or ionic compound.
Explain why. What is the charge of the aluminum? (value 3)

This is an Ionic Compound, we know this due to

the way that Chlorine atoms have "stolen"
electrons from the aluminum atom. The aluminum
is left with a charge of +3

10.

Give the chemical formula for the following compounds. Just type the subscripts as
regular numbers (eg. H2O) (Note: sulphate = SO42-) (value 3)
Compound

Formula

calcium chloride

CaCl2

iron (III) oxide

Fe2O3

aluminum sulphate

11.

Al2(SO4)3

Explain the VSEPR theory for molecular geometry. (value 2)

VSEPR is a theory for predicting the approximate shape of a molecule. The shape is
predicted by the way that electrons repel eachother and will form what every shape
allows them to get as far apart as possible.

12.

Match the molecular shapes with the correct geometric name. Also determine the
possible shape for each molecular formula. (value 5)

Geometric
Name

Shape Example of
(letter) formula (number)

Possible formulas:

Pyramidal

1) SCl2

Bent

2) SiO2

Trigonal Planar

3) CCl4

Tetrahedral

4) BF2Cl

Linear

5) NH3

13.

Chloroform is a colourless, sweet-smelling liquid with a formula CHCl3. It was once

used as a medical anesthetic. Determine if this compound should be able to dissolve
in water. Explain why or why not with reference to molecular geometry. (value 3)

Chloroform is only partialy soluble in water to a very low concentration. This is because
dispite being a Polar Compound it is unable to form Hydrogen bonds with water greatly
limiting its solubility.

Evaluation: