TI LIU HNG DN S DNG

PHN MM TNH TON PHN TCH

H THNG IN

PSS/E Software

1
 NI DUNG
Chng 1 ............................................................................................................... 4
GII THIU CHNG TRNH TNH TON ................................................... 4
M PHNG H THNG IN PSS /E ............................................................. 4
I. Gii thiu chung: ........................................................................................... 4
II. Gii thiu chng trnh PSS /E: ................................................................... 5
III. Cu trc chng trnh PSS /E: .................................................................... 6
1. Kh nng tnh ton ca chng trnh: ....................................................... 6
2. Cc file trong PSS /E: ............................................................................... 7
IV. Cc ng dng: ............................................................................................. 8
1. Tnh phn b cng sut:(Power Flow Calculaton) ................................... 8
2. Phn tch s c trong h thng in: (Fault analysys) .............................. 8
3. Tnh ton m phng n nh ng: ........................................................... 9
Chng 2 ............................................................................................................. 10
TNH TON PHN B CNG SUT V CC CH S C ................ 10
I. Tng quan v tnh ton phn b cng sut: ................................................. 10
II. Ma trn tng dn ca h thng in: .......................................................... 11
III. Thut ton tnh lp: ................................................................................... 13
IV. iu kin li v iu kin bin: .............................................................. 14
V. iu kin bin trng thi bn: ................................................................. 15
1. Ph ti:..................................................................................................... 15
2. Cc iu kin bin ca my pht: ........................................................... 16
VI. iu kin bin ng: ................................................................................. 18
1. Cc danh mc ca vic tnh ton li n: ............................................. 18
2. Thng s th t thun ca my pht: ...................................................... 18
VII. Tnh ton cc ch s c: ..................................................................... 20
1. iu kin tnh ton: ................................................................................. 20
2. Thut ton tnh cc ch s c: ............................................................ 20
Chng 3 ............................................................................................................. 22
M PHNG CC PHN T CA H THNG IN TRONG CHNG
TRNH PSS/E ..................................................................................................... 22
I. M phng MBA: .......................................................................................... 22
1. M phng MBA hai cun dy:................................................................ 22
2. M phng my bin p ba cun dy ....................................................... 26
II. M phng ng dy truyn ti: ................................................................ 34
III. M phng khng in: .............................................................................. 36
Chng 4 ............................................................................................................. 31
NHP V THAY I S LIU ....................................................................... 31
I. Nhp d liu:................................................................................................ 31
1. D liu ban u: (Identification Data) .................................................... 32
2. Nhp d liu nt (Bus Data) ................................................................... 33

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 3. Nhp d liu ti: (Load Data) ................................................................. 34
4. Nhp d liu my pht (Generator Data): ............................................... 36
5. Nhp d liu nhnh ng dy (Nontransformer Branch Data): ........... 37
6. Nhp d liu nhnh MBA (Transformer Branch Data): ......................... 39
II. Thay i d liu:......................................................................................... 44
1. Thay i bng lnh: ................................................................................. 44
2. Thay i bng menu: ............................................................................... 46
III. Xut d liu: .............................................................................................. 46
Chng 5 ............................................................................................................. 47
HNG DN TNH TON CHNG TRNH PSS /E .................................. 47
I. Tnh phn b cng sut: ............................................................................... 47
1. Np file d liu:....................................................................................... 48
2. Thay i d liu trong file: ..................................................................... 49
3. Tnh ton phn b cng sut: .................................................................. 51
4. Xut d liu tnh ton ra mn hnh: ........................................................ 53
II. Tnh ton ngn mch: ................................................................................. 54
1. Lnh SEQD: ............................................................................................ 55
2. Tnh ton ngn mch - lnh SCMU: ....................................................... 55

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 Chng 1
GII THIU CHNG TRNH TNH TON
M PHNG H THNG IN PSS /E

I. Gii thiu chung:

H thng in thc hin cng vic chuyn i nng lng t nhin nh

nhit nng, thy nng,... thnh nng lng in t cc nh my in. T y
nng lng s c chuyn ti trn trn ng dy a n cc h tiu th.
H thng gm cc nh my pht in, my bin p, ng dy ti in v cc h
ph ti s lp thnh mt h thng in.
c im ca h thng in l s cn bng cng sut: Cng sut to ra ti
cc nh my in s cn bng vi cng sut tiu th ti cc ph ti, cng sut
tn hao trn ng dy v thit b.
Do hin tng p ng tc thi v c im hng s qun tnh in ca cc
thit b in trong h thng l nh nn khi c hin tng dao ng trong ton h
thng hay ti mt im no ca h thng s dn n s dao ng ca ton h
thng in.
Trong qu trnh vn hnh h thng in cn phi tin hnh cc cng tc
tnh ton m phng h thng v tnh ton cc qu trnh qu v xc lp ca h
thng in m bo cho s vn hnh ti u, an ton, lin tc ca h thng
in:
- Qu trnh xc lp ca h thng: tnh ton phn b cng sut, in p,
dng in trn cc nhnh cc ch lm vic khc nhau v cc s
kt dy khc nhau ca h thng. Vic ny gip cho to mt phng
thc vn hnh kinh t v cht lng in nng ti u nht.
- Tnh cc qu trnh qu khi c cc dao ng trong h thng: s c
ngn mch, khi c s ct /ng ti t ngt c phng n bo v
rle v tin hnh sa thi, huy ng ngun,... loi tr cc dao ng
nh hng n s lm vic ca h thng.

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 Mt phng tin tnh ton m phng cc ch lm vic ca h thng
in dc dng nhiu nc trn th gii l chng trnh PSS /E ca Cng ty
Power Technologies, Inc (M).

II. Gii thiu chng trnh PSS /E:

PSS/E l mt chng trnh tnh ton chuyn dng c vit bng ngn ng
FORTRAN. chy c chng trnh ny trn my tnh ca bn phi c dung
lng a 250 MB v 8 n 16 MB RAM rnh, ng thi trn my phi lp t
kha phn cng (cm vo cng in). PSS/E lm vic trong mi trng Window
nn c cc giao din thun tin cho ngi s dng.
Chng trnh PSS /E l h thng cc file chng trnh v d liu c cu
trc thc hin cc cng vic tnh ton m phng h thng in:
- Tnh ton phn b cng sut.
- Tnh ton h thng khi xy ra cc s c.
- Tnh ton cc m hnh tng ng.
- Phn tnh n nh ca h thng in.
Chng trnh PSS /E da trn cc l thuyt v nng lng xy dng cc
m hnh cho cc thit b trong h thng in. Vic m hnh ha cc thit b v
thc hin tnh ton ph thuc rt nhiu vo gii hn ca cc thit b tnh ton.
Trc kia, do cc my tnh c kh nng cn hn ch nn vic tnh ton tr nn
kh khn, ch thc hin i vi cc h thng nh v tin cy tnh ton khng
cao. Ngy nay, vi cc k thut hin i, my tnh c cc tin nghi nh b nh
o, b nh phn trang v tc tnh ton rt ln nn vic tnh ton m phng tr
nn d dng v hiu qu hn.
Cc bc c s dng trong PSS /E tin hnh m phng v tnh ton
cc qu trnh xy ra trong h thng l:
1/ Phn tch cc thit b vt l (ng dy truyn ti, my pht, my bin
p, b iu tc, rle,...) thc hin vic m phng v tnh ton cc thng s
c trng v hm truyn ca n.
2/ Chuyn cc m hnh vt l c nghin cu thnh d liu u vo
cho chng trnh PSS /E.

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 3/ S dng cc chng trnh ca PSS /E x l d liu, thc hin tnh
ton v in kt qu.
4/ Chuyn i kt qu tnh ton thnh cc thng s cho cc thit b thc
dng m phng trong bc 1.

III. Cu trc chng trnh PSS /E:

Chng trnh PSS /E c cc file d liu gi l Working File v cc lnh

tnh ton gi l Activities.

1. Kh nng tnh ton ca chng trnh:

Chng trnh s m phng cc thit b, v trong h thng in th cc thit

b c kt ni vi nhau qua cc nt gi l cc Bus. Kh nng tnh ton ti a
ca chng trnh nh sau:
M hnh cho tnh phn b cng sut:

Buses 2000
Generating Buses 3600
Branches 24000
Generators 4000
Transformers 4800
DC transmission Links 20
Interchange Areas 100
Zero Sequence Mutual Couplings 3000
Branches Per Mutual Coupling Group 121
Zones 999

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 M hnh cho m phng n nh ng:

Buses 12000
Machines 4000
Branches 24000
Transformers 4800
State Variables 32000
Constants 80000
Variables 32000
Output Channels 8000
ICONs 30000

2. Cc file trong PSS /E:

a. Phn loi: Trong PSS/E cc file uc chia thnh cc lp nh sau:

- Working files.
- Data input files.
- Output listing files.
- Channel output files.
- Saved case and snapsot files.
b. Working files:
Cc file ny l cc file c dng nh phn, cha cc lnh ca PSS /E, khi
thc hin cc lnh ca PSS /E th n s t ng gi n cc file . Ngi s
dng khng cn bit n tn v cu trc ca file ny nhng cn phi nm vng
cch s dng ca cc lnh tng ng.
Tn v chc nng chung ca cc file lT:

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 - LFWORK : Cha d liu y ca phn b cng sut, v c tham
kho n nh mt phn ca Working file.
- FMWORK : Cha Working file cho tt c cc cng vic lin quan n
s phn tch ra h thng cc ma trn m rng.
- SCWOR : Cc file dng cho vc phn tch s c.
- DSWOR : File xut pht cho cc lnh m phng n nh ng.
c. Cc file d liu u vo cho PSS /E:
Chng trnh phi chp nhn mt khi lng ln d liu t cc ngun bn
ngoi. Cc d liu ny sau phi c nh dng li v a thng vo
Working files ca PSS /E bng cc lnh READ, TREA, DYRE. Cc file ny
sau s l ngun d liu vo, cung cp s liu cho chng trnh lm vic.
Tp hp cc file u vo t cc ngun bn ngoi m chng trnh c th
hiu v chuyn thnh cc file d liu nh dng bi chng trnh v c x l
bng cc lnh ca chng trnh.
d. Cc file hin th ra:
Phn ln cc lnh trnh by ca PSS /E s vit cc d liu cn trnh by ra
cc fle c tn hoc ra my in. Cc file ny c th x l bng cc trnh qun l
file chun ca my tnh.
e. Cc file knh u ra:
L nhng file dng nh phn, ch c hiu v x l bi cc lnh trong
phn m phng n nh ng (PSSPLT).

IV. Cc ng dng:

1. Tnh phn b cng sut:(Power Flow Calculaton)

Yu cu tnh ton: Cho nhu cu ph ti tt c cc thanh ci ca h thng

in v cng sut pht ca cc nh my trong h thng. Tnh phn b cng sut
trn tt c cc ng dy v my bin p trong h thng.

2. Phn tch s c trong h thng in: (Fault analysys)

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 Cho php tnh ton ch lm vic ca h thng tnh trng s c nh:
cc dng ngn mch, t dy,... bt c im no trong h thng in. Phc v
cho cng vic tnh ton chnh nh rle v t ng ho trong h thng in.

3. Tnh ton m phng n nh ng:

Nh ta bit, mi h thng in, thit b in c mt kh nng ti nht

nh. Khi c cc dao ng ln th h thng in c th xy ra cc dao ng ln
dn n lm mt n nh ca h thng. Chng trnh PSS /E cho php tnh ton
m phng cc ch lm vic ca h thng khi c nhng dao ng ln xy ra.
T kt qu tnh ton, cho php k s iu hnh co bin php khc ch nguy c
tan r h thng do mt n nh.

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 Chng 2
TNH TON PHN B CNG SUT V CC CH S C

I. Tng quan v tnh ton phn b cng sut:

Vn tnh ton phn b cng sut da vo trng thi lm vic cn bng

ca h thng in. trng thi ny, in p th t nghch v khng l bng
khng, vic tnh ton ch thc hin vi m hnh th t thun ca tt c cc
thnh phn ca h thng.
D liu u vo c bn ca vic tnh ton phn b cng sut l:
- Tng tr ng dy v tng dn.
- Tng tr MBA v cc t s phn p.
- Cc thit b b tnh nh t, cun khng in.
- Nhu cu ph ti cc thanh ci (BUS) ca h thng.
- ln in p hoc cng sut phn khng cc nh my in.
- Cng sut phn khng Max, min cc nh my in.
Yu cu tnh ton phi t:
- in p tt c cc thanh ci (tr cc thanh ci c bit).
- Gc pha ca in p.
- Cng sut phn khng a ra t cc nh my in.
- Phn b cng sut tc dng, phn khng v dng in qua tt c cc
ng dy v MBA.
H thng cc ng dy truyn ti v cc MBA c m t bng cng thc
tuyn tnh:
In=YnnVn (5.1)
Trong :
In : Vecto dng in th t thun t cc nt ca h thng (BUS) chy vo
h thng.
Vn : Vecto in p th t thun ti cc nt ca h thng.
Ynn : Ma trn tng dn ca h thng.

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 Nu In hoc Vn bit th vic tnh ton h thn\g tr nn n gin. Tuy
nhin trong thc t, phi tnh c In v Vn t cng thc trn.

II. Ma trn tng dn ca h thng in:

Xt nt th i ca h thng.
Nt i c ni 2 ng dy, 2 my bin p v mt thit b b nh hnh v.
Ch rng thanh ci i ch ni n cc thanh ci j, k, m v n v cng ch n
pha c t nc phn p ca MBA.
Mi ng dy v my bin p c cc mch tng ng c tnh trong
n v tng i vi cng sut c bn ly chung cho ton b h thng in.
Dng in tng ii vo nt i khi in p ti cc nt l vi, vj, vk, vm, vn l
tng ca cc dng in v t cc nhnh:
i i= Ysivi (5.2)
+ (vi-vj)/zij + viBik/2
+ (vi-vk)/zik + viBik/2 + viBlik
+ (vi/tmi - vm)/(zimtim)
+ (vi - vn/tim)/zin
M rng cng thc (5.1) cho thnh phn th i ca In:
Ii = yihvh (5.3)
Trong :
yih : l cc thnh phn ca Ynn
vh : l cc thnh phn ca vecto in p nt vn.

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 Cng thc tnh ton cc thnh phn yih ca cc khi ng dy v MBA c
th tm ng trong cng thc (5.2) v so snh kt qu vi (5.3).

n
ng dy j

Pha t nc i
phn p k

MBA m

Pha t nc
phn p T v khng
b

n tin : 1
j
Zim
Zim Bij/2
i
Bij/2

Ysi
Zim
Zim
1 : tin
Bik/2
m Blik k
Bik/2

Mch tng ng cho nt i trong m hnh th t thun

ca li truyn ti

Trong v d (5.2) m t rng ch thnh phn yii nm trn ng cho v 4

thnh phn khng nm trn ng cho ca ma trn tng dn l khc khng.
l ng dy hoc MBA t thanh ci i n thanh ci j gy ra cc thnh phn

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 khc 0 ch cc hng th i v j ca ma trn Ynn. H thng in trong v d ny
c 1, 5 n 2 ng dy truyn ti hoc MBA cho mi nt. Mt h thng
truyn ti gm 2000 Bus phi c n 4000 nhnh v nh vy s c 8000 thnh
phn khng nm trn ng cho ca ma trn in dn Ynn l khc 0. T s s
bus /s nhnh lm cho ma trn tng dn rt tha. trong v d ny l 2000/8000
=20% thnh phn khng nm trn ng cho ca ma trn Ynn l khc 0.
Trong chng trnh PSS /E, c s kt hp mt cch kinh t gia h s tha
tht ca ma trn tng dn vi vic qun l b nh my tnh.

III. Thut ton tnh lp:

Vic tnh ton phn b cng sut c tnh ton theo phng php lp nh
sau:

1. Xy dng cc tha nhn ban u v in p trn mi BUS.

2. Xy dng vecto dng in mi BUS t iu kin bin:

Pk + jQk=vki*k
Trong :
Pk + jQk: Nhu cu ph ti v my pht BUS k.
vk : in p c xy dng trn Bus k.

3. S dng cng thc (5.1) tnh ton cc vecto in p mi vn:

In=YnnVn

4. Quay li bc 2 v lp li chu k cho n khi n hi t n mt gi tr in

p khng thay i vn.

Phng php ny thch hp vi vic tnh ton cho mt s trng hp c

bit. N khng c tt cho vic tnh ton tro lu cng sut chung m trong
ln in p c thay cho cng sut phn khng cc my pht.
PSS/E cho php ngi s dng chn 1 n 5 phng php lp khc nhau:
a. Phng php lp Gauss Seidel.
b. Phng php lp Gauss Seidel c sa i cho php s dng cc t b
ni tip.

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 c. Phng php lp Newton - Raphson lin kt y .
c. Phng php lp Newton - Raphson khng lin kt.
d. Phng php lp Newton - Raphson khng lin kt c dc.

IV. iu kin li v iu kin bin:

Ki tnh ton phn b cng sut, in p nt tha mn cng thc:

a. iu kin li:

In= Ynn.Vn (5.1)

Nhn c t cc nh lut Kirchoff.

b. Cc iu kin bin:

Pk + jQk=vki*k (5.4)
Nhn c t c tnh ph ti v my pht.
iu kin li (5.1) l lin tc v c th tnh khng cn lp nu hoc vecto
in p hoc dng in l bit.
Cc iu kin bin c th ch ra mt cch ty ty thuc vo ph ti m
ngi s dng in chn ni vi h thng, v lun khng tuyn tnh. Vic
khng tuyn tnh ca iu kin bin bt but phi s dng cc th tc lp tnh
ton phn b cng sut. C th s dng phng php lp tnh cho c cc iu
kin li v iu kin bin.
Nm th tc tnh lp c cung cp trong PSS /E l:
- Phng php Gauss - Seidel v Gauss - Seidel sa i tnh c in kin
h thng v iu kin bin bng phng php lp.
- Phng php Newton - raphson v c cc phng php Newton -
Raphson khng lin kt s tnh iu kin li theo cch tnh dng kn v cc
iu kin bin theo phng php lp.

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V. iu kin bin trng thi bn:

1. Ph ti:

a. Cng sut khng i:

Hu ht iu kin bin ca ph ti l cng sut tc dng v phn khng ph

ti tiu th:
Real(vki*k)= - Pk.
Imag(vki*k)= - Qk.
c tnh ny l khng thc t khi in p xp x 0, 8 trong n v tng i.
Tt c cc tnh ton trong PSS/E s thay i cng thc (5.5) v (5.6) xy
dng Pk v Qk l hm ca in p nh hnh 5.3.

b. Dng in hng s:

Ph ti c th xem nh thnh phn thc v o ca dng in:

Real(vki*k) = - Ipk.
/vk/
Imag(vki*k) = - Iqk.
/vk/
c tnh ny khng thc t khi in p di 0, 5 trong n v tng i nn
s thay i cng thc (5.7), (5.8) xy dng Ipk v Iqk l hm ca ln in
p nh hnh 5.4.

c. Tng tr hng s:

Ph ti c th xem nh phn thc v o ca tng dn:

vk/ik = Gk + jBk (5.9)
Ch rng cng thc (5.9) khng phi l iu kin bin trong qu trnh tnh
ton m thch hp hn l dng n kt hp ph ti vi thng s tng dn ca
ng dy trong m hnh h thng in.

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d. Ph ti tng hp:

Tt c cc tnh ton cu PSS /E cho php ph ti mi nt l tng hp ca

nhiu ph ti m mi ph ti c biu din bng 1 trong 3 c tnh nh trn.
c tnh tng hp tr thnh iu kin bin s dng trong cc tnh ton lp tro
lu cng sut.

e. Bus ni vi h thng v cng ln: (Swing Bus)

Mi trng hp m phng tro lu cng sut phi c t nht mt Bus c

thit lp nh mt Swing Bus. Tng ng vi iu kin bin l:
vk(Complx) = constant
Cng sut tc dng v phn khng vo h thng t Swing Bus thay i t
do t vic tnh ton phn b cng sut hn th na, cc iu kin bin c xy
dng t n.
Trong tnh ton phn b cng sut phi c mt Swing Bus mi phn ca
h thng in ring r. Khng cn dng Swing Bus khi tnh ton phn tch s c,
ng ct v m phng n nh ng.

2. Cc iu kin bin ca my pht:

a. Xem xt chung:

M phng chun cho my pht c s dng trong PSS /E nh hnh 5.5. D

liu dng m phng my pht nh trong bng 5.1. My pht c ni vi
thanh ci k thng qua my bin p ni b c tng tr ca MBA l Zt=Rt+jXt
n v tng i vi i lng c bn l cng sut my pht.Vi MBA ni trc
tip ln thanh ci k th tng tr MBA l 0.

16
 Bng 5.1: D liu v cc thng s my pht in:

i lng Tn n v

Real Power Output at Bus k PGEN MW

Reactive Power Output at Bus k QGEN MVAR
Max. Reactive Power Output at Bus k QMAX MVAR
Min. Reactive Power Output at Bus k QMIN MVAR
Generator Base MVA MBASE MVA
Step up Transformer Tap Position on Bus k Side GENTAP p.u.
Step up Transformer Impedance ZTRAN p.u. ( c bn l MBASE)
Generator Dynamic Impedance ZSORCE p.u. ( c bn l MBASE)
Alternative Dynamic Impedance ZPOS p.u. ( c bn l MBASE)
Max. Real Power Output at Bus k PMAX MW
Min. Real Power Output at Bus k PMIN MW

iu kin bin my pht chun l cng sut tc dng pht ra thanh ci cao
p, Bus k, v ca ng ln in p Bus ch nh (khng nht thit l Bus k):
Real(vkik*) = Pk
/Vl/ = Vsched
c trng ny ty thuc vo gii hn cng sut phn khng my pht:
Qmin Imag(vkik*) Qmax

Cng sut tc dng p gn cho Bus k phi c o thanh ci cao p ch

khng phi bn trong my pht. iu ny c ngha l:
Qlimit k = Qlimit g - Xt*MBASE
Nu my pht thu cng sut tc dng th:
Qlimit k = Qlimit g + Xt*MBASE
Trong :
Xt : in khng MBA ni b my pht.

17
 Qlimit : Cng sut phn khng gii hn ca my pht.
Qlimit k : L Qmin k hoc Qmax k .

b. Nhiu my pht lm vic song song:

Nhiu my pht ni vi thanh ci k th c m hnh tng ng bng 1

my pht ni vi nt k qua mt MBA ni b (MBA ni b ny l 1 trong cc
MBA ni b vi tng my pht ring r). My pht tng ng c cng sut
bng tng cng sut ca tt c cc my pht ni vi k.

VI. iu kin bin ng:

1. Cc danh mc ca vic tnh ton li n:

Vic tnh ton tro lu cng sut s kho st h thng in ch n nh, tc

l qu trnh xy ra trc thi im t, gi l t -. Cc ch nhiu lon c bt
u ti thi im t v ngay sau t s xy ra qu trnh qu ca h thng in
(t+).

2. Thng s th t thun ca my pht:

Thng s my pht dng tnh ton s ng /ct, n nh ng s s dng

mch tng ng l ngun Thevenin: gm sc in ng ( ln v gc pha)
ni tip vi tng tr ng ca my pht. Tuy nhin, m hnh ny khng hiu qu
cho vic tnh ton nn c chuyn thnh ngun dng Norton, ISORCE nh
hnh v.
Tng tr MBA, t s bin p v tng tr ng ca my pht c xem nh thng
s ca my pht.

18
 Bus k

Pk+ jQk

ek M hnh my pht chun

i
Zt Zdyn
tg : 1 et Eint
ek
Mch tng ng ngun p Thevenin ca my
pht

tg : 1 Zt
(Eint)/Zdyn
ek y=1/Zdyn

M hnh ngun dng Norton ca my pht

Hnh 5.8

19
VII. Tnh ton cc ch s c:

1. iu kin tnh ton:

- My pht in c m hnh ha dng ngun p Thevenin.

- Ph ti c m hnh ha dng tng tr trong cc th t thun v ngc.
Trong th t khng, ph ti xem nh h mch.

2. Thut ton tnh cc ch s c:

Khi tnh ton cc ch s c dng m hnh tng ng th t thun,

ngc v khng cho h thng in. Mch tng ng cc th t c vem nh
mng 2 ca:
- Th t thun v ngc: im u l trung im ca my pht ph ti trong
h thng, im cui l im ngn mch.
- Th t khng: im u l nhng im m ti dng in khp vng qua
t, im cui l im ngn mch.
- ng vi mi dng ngn mch ta c mt mch tch hp cc th t (mng 2
ca) thnh mt mng tch hp.
- Cc ngun in p c gi li trong s th t thun.

Dng phng php tnh lp tnh dng in s c:

1. Xy dng cc xc lp ban u v in p trn mi BUS:

Trc khi tnh mch in ch s c, cn phi tnh mch in ch

xc lp (t-) Vi cc ngun p xem nh khng i khi xy ra s c (t) v trong
qu trnh qu (t+). Cc xc lp ban u ca in p ti cc thanh ci c ly
thi im t -.

2. S dng cng thc (5.1) tnh ton cc vecto dng in mi In:

in=Ynnvn
Trong Ynn l ma trn tng dn ca h thng in trong ch s c (h
thng tch hp cc th t: thun, ngc v khng).

20
3. T iu kin bin ca my pht:

Esk = vk+ik.Zsource.k
Trong :
Esk : Sc in ng Thevenin ca my pht ni vi Bus k.
vk, ik : vecto in p v dng in qua my pht Bus k.
Zsource.k : Tng tr ca b my pht ni vi Bus k.
tnh ra vecto in p mi vk.

4. Quay li bc 2 v lp li chu k cho n khi n hi t n mt gi tr dng

in khng thay i in.

21
 Chng 3
M PHNG CC PHN T CA H THNG IN TRONG
CHNG TRNH PSS/E

H thng in c hp thnh t nhiu phn t: my pht, my bin p (hai

cun dy, ba cun dy), ng dy truyn ti, t in, khng in. Mun lm
vic trong chng trnh PSS /E ta phi m phng cc phn t .

I. M phng MBA:

1. M phng MBA hai cun dy:

MBA 2 cun dy c m phng bng mt in tr RB, in khng XB v

mt in dn phn khng BB ( y ta b qua in dn tc dng GB sinh ra do
tn tht cng sut tc dng trong li thp ca my bin p do dng in Foucault
sinh ra). Ngoi ba i lng trn c nhp vo cn c cc thng s lin quan
n b iu chnh nc phn p ca my bin p

RB +
jXB
GB

Thng thng, cc MBA nh ch ti cho ta 4 thng s: PCU tn tht cng

sut dy ng khi MBA lm vic nh mc, U N% ca in p ngn mch so
vi in p nh mc, Ikt% ca dng in khng ti I0 (dng in t ho) so vi
dng in nh mc I m, PFe tn tht cng sut tc dng trong li thp (tn tht
khng ti). T cc thng s trn nu ta mun m phng n trong chng trnh
PSS /E ta phi chuyn n sang n v tng i.

in khng c bn c tnh di cng thc tng qut:

22
 U 2 coban
Z coban
S coban

Trong Zc bn tnh bng n v Ohm ()

Uc bn tnh bng n v KV

Sc bn tnh bng n v MVA

*in tr RB ca MBA:

Pcu Pcu .U 2 dm .10 3

Pcu 3.I 2 dm .RB RB
3.I 2 dm S 2 dm

Trong RB tnh bng n v Ohm ()

PCU tnh bng n v KW

Um tnh bng n v KV

Sm tnh bng n v MVA

Chuyn sang n v tng i:

RB P .U 2 dm .10 3 S coban
RB* cu 2 . 2
Z coban S dm U coban

*in khng XB ca MBA:

UN. 3 I .Z . 3
U N % 100. 100. dm B
U dm U dm

Do trong MBA c XB >> RB do in p ging trong MBA ch yu do nh

hng ca XB. Vy ta c th vit

100.I dm .Z B . 3 100.Id dm . X B . 3
UN %
U dm U dm
U N %.U dm U N %.U 2 dm
XB
3.I dm .100 100.S dm

Trong : XB tnh bng n v Ohm ()

23
 Um tnh bng n v KV

Sm tnh bng n v MVA

Chuyn sang n v tng i:

XB UN %.U2 m S cban
X B* .
Z cban 100.S m U2 cban

*in dn phn khng BB ca MBA:

QFe
BB
U2 m
100.I0 100.SFe
Ikt %
Im Sm

Do QFe >> PFe nn

100.SFe 100.Q Fe I %.Sm Q I %.Sm

Ikt % Q Fe kt BB 2 Fe kt
S m Sm 100 U m 100.U2 m

Trong : BB tnh bng n v 1/Ohm (-1)

Um tnh bng n v KV

Sm tnh bng n v MVA

Chuyn sang n v tng i:

Ikt %.S m U2 cban

BB* BB .Z cban .
100.U2 m S cban

T s bin i lin quan n nc phn p

t i U min Ucbanj
t . .
tj Ucbani Umj

trong : Bus i l pha c iu chnh nc phn p ca MBA

Bus j l pha c nc phn p c t c nh

24
 Ui
ti =
Ubi

Uj
tj =
Ubj

trong : Ubi, Ubj l in p ca pha i v j khi nc phn p ang t ti u

chnh (nc gia)

Ui, Uj l in p tng ng ca pha i v j hin ti ng vi nc phn p ang

t.

n gin ban u ta xt cc nc phn p u ang nc gia ti = tj = 1.

V d: Tnh thng s MBA T1 Lin Tr (E11)

Sm = 25/25 (MVA)

Um = 115 9*1.78%/24 (kV)

PFe = 18 (kW)

PCU = 121 (kW)

UN% = 11%

I0% = 0.2%

Ly Sc bn = 100 (MVA), Uc bn110 = 110 (kV), Uc bn22 = 22 (kV)

*in tr RB

RB Pcu.U2 m .10 3 S cban 121.24 2.10 3 100

R B* . 2 . 2 0,023404pu
Z cban S 2 m U cban 25 2 22

*in khng XB

XB UN %.U 2 mj S cbanj
X B* .
Z cban 100.S 2 m U 2 cban
11.24 2 100
. 0,52364pu
25 2.100 22 2

25
 *in dn phn khng

Ikt %.S m U 2 cbanj

BB* BB .Z cban .
100.U 2 mj S cban
0,2.25 22 2
. 0,00042pu
24 2.100 100

T s bin i

ti Umi Ucbanj
t .
t j Ucbani Umj
1 115 22
. . 0,9583pu
1 110 24

T s bin i cc i (RMA : Regulation max)

tmax = t.(1 + n.step) = 0,9583.(1 + 9.0,01.1,78) = 1,1119 (pu)

T s bin i cc tiu (RMI : Regulation min)

tmin = t.(1 n.step) = 0,9583.(1 9.0,01.1,78) = 0,8048 (pu)

Bc iu chnh

tstep = step.t = 0,01.1,78.0,9583 = 0,0171 (pu)

2. M phng my bin p ba cun dy

i vi my bin p ba cun dy ta m phng n trong chng trnh PSS /E

di dng ba my bin p hai cun dy (s dng nt dummy).

26
 Thng s MBA ba cun dy cng c tnh tng t nh trn

*in tr RB ca MBA:

Tn tht ng tnh cho trng hp bt li nht trong lc vn hnh, tc l lc

mt cun dy khng lm vic cn hai cun kia lm vic vi ph ti nh mc.
Lc ny tng t my bin p hai cun dy

Pcui.U2 m .10 3
RB
S 2 m

Trong RB tnh bng n v Ohm ()

PCU tnh bng n v KW

Um tnh bng n v KV

Sm tnh bng n v MVA

Trong cng thc trn ta chia 2 v ta ang tnh cho hai nhnh lm vic ni
tip, y ta tnh 1 nhnh. Nu my bin p c dung lng ba cun bng nhau
th ta c in tr ca ba cun bng nhau.

Chuyn sang n v tng i:

RB Pcu.U2 m .10 3 S cban

R B* . 2
Z cban 2.S 2 m U cban

27
 Nu nh trong s liu k thut MBA nh ch to cho y ba gi tr tn
tht ngn mch PCU(C.H), PCU(C.T), PCU(T.H) th tn tht cng sut ngn mch
trn mi cun dy c tnh:

PCU.C = 0,5.( PCU(C.H) + PCU(C.T) - PCU(T.H))

PCU.T = 0,5.( PCU(C.T) + PCU(T.H) - PCU(C.H))

PCU.H = 0,5.( PCU(C.H) + PCU(T.H) - PCU(C.T))

Sau tnh in tr cho tng cun dy v chuyn sang n v tng i:

R BC Pcuc .U2 m .10 3 S cban

R BC . 2
Z cban 2.S 2 m U cban

R BT PcuT .U2 m .10 3 S cban

R BT . 2
Z cban 2.S 2 m U cban

R BH PcuH.U2 m .10 3 S cban

R BH . 2
Z cban 2.S 2 m U cban

*in khng XB ca MBA:

X BC UNC %.U2 m
X BC
Z cban 100.S m

X BT U %.U2 m
X BT NT
Z cban 100.S m

X BH U %.U2 m
X BH NH
Z cban 100.S m

UN.C% = 0,5.( UN(C.H)% + UN(C.T)% - UN(T.H)%)

UN.T% = 0,5.( UN(C.T)% + UN(T.H)% - UN(C.H)%)

UN.H% = 0,5.( UN(C.H)% + UN(T.H)% - UN(C.T)%)

Trong : XB.C, XB.C, XB.C tnh bng n v Ohm ()

Um tnh bng n v KV

28
 Sm tnh bng n v MVA

Chuyn sang n v tng i:

X BC U %.U2 m S cban
X BC NC .
Z cban 100.S m U2 cban

X BT U %.U2 m S cban
X BT NT .
Z cban 100.S m U2 cban

X BH U %.U2 m S cban
X BH NH .
Z cban 100.S m U2 cban

*in dn phn khng BB ca MBA:

Tng t nh my bin p hai cun dy ta c

Ikt %.S m
BB
100.U2 m

Trong : BB tnh bng n v 1/Ohm (-1)

Um tnh bng n v KV

Sm tnh bng n v MVA

Chuyn sang n v tng i:

Ikt %.S m U2 cban

BB* BB .Z cban .
100.U2 m S cban

T s bin i lin quan n nc phn p

ti Umi Ucbanj
t .
t j Ucbani Umj

trong : Bus i l pha c iu chnh nc phn p ca MBA

Bus j l pha c nc phn p c t c nh (nt dummy)
Ui
ti =
Ubi

29
 Uj
tj =
Ubj

trong : Ubi, Ubj l in p ca pha i v j khi nc phn p ang t ti u

chnh (nc gia)

Ui, Uj l in p tng ng ca pha i v j hin ti ng vi nc phn p ang

t.

n gin ban u ta xt cc nc phn p u ang nc gia ti = tj = 1.

V d: Tnh thng s MBA T1 ng Hi 110 (E2)

Sm = 25/25/25 (MVA)

Um = 115 9.1,78%/38,5 2.2,5%/24 (kV)

PFe = 15,9 (kW)

PCU(C.H) = 107,768 (kW)

PCU(C.T) = 109,359 (kW)

PCU(T.H) = 94,076 (kW)

UN(C.H)% = 17,5%

UN(C.T)% = 11,46%

UN(T.H)% = 6,0%

I0% = 0,2%

Ly Sc bn = 100 (MVA), Uc bn110 = 110 (kV), Uc bn35 = 35 (kV)

Uc bn22 = 22 (kV), Uc bndummy = 1.0 (kV)

in p ngn mch ca mi cun dy:

UN.C% = 0,5.( UN(C.H)% + UN(C.T)% - UN(T.H)% )

= 0,5.( 17,5 + 11,46 6,0 ) = 11,48%

30
UN.T% = 0,5.( UN(C.T)% + UN(T.H)% - UN(C.H)%)

= 0,5.( 11,6 + 6,0 17,5 ) = - 0,02%

UN.H% = 0.5*( UN(C.H)% + UN(T.H)% - UN(C.T)%)

= 0,5.( 17,5 + 6,0 11,46 ) = 6,02%

Tn tht cng sut ngn mch trn mi cun dy c tnh:

PCU.C = 0,5.( PCU(C.H) + PCU(C.T) - PCU(T.H))

= 0,5.( 107,768 + 109,359 94,076 ) = 61,6255 (kW)

PCU.T = 0.5*( PCU(C.T) + PCU(T.H) - PCU(C.H))

= 0,5.( 109,359 + 94,076 107,768 ) = 47,8335 (kW)

PCU.H = 0,5.( PCU(C.H) + PCU(T.H) - PCU(C.T))

= 0,5.( 107,768 + 94,076 109,359 ) = 46,2425 (kW)

*in tr RB

R BC Pcuc .U 2 m .10 3 S cban

R BC . 2
Z cban 2.S 2 m U cban
61,6255.12.10 3.100
0,00986pu
25 2.12

R BT PcuT .U 2 m .10 3 S cban

R BT . 2
Z cban 2.S 2 m U cban
47,8335.12.10 3.100
0,00765pu
25 2.12

R BH PcuH.U 2 m .10 3 S cban

R BH . 2
Z cban 2.S 2 m U cban
46,2425.12.10 3.100
0,0074pu
25 2.12

*in khng XB

31
 X BC U %.U 2 m S cban
X BC NC .
Z cban 100.S m U 2 cban
11,48.12.100
0,4592pu
100.25

X BT U %.U 2 m S cban
X BT NT .
Z cban 100.S m U 2 cban
- 0,02.12.100
0,0008pu
100.25

X BH UNH %.U 2 m S cban

X BH .
Z cban 100.S m U 2 cban
6,02.12.100
0,2408pu
100.25

*in dn phn khng

Ikt %.S m U 2 cbanj

BB* BB .Z cban .
100.U 2 mj S cban
0,2.25.12
0,0005pu
100.12.100

Ghi ch:

- y MBA ba cun dy ta ang m phng bng ba MBA hai cun dy

c u vi nhau theo hnh sao (Y) thng qua nt dummy (nt gi tng).
Trong cc cng thc tnh cho MBA ba cun dy trn nt j chnh l nt
dummy, ta ly U mj = Uc bnj = 1 (kV)

- Trong PSS/E v.29 ta c nhng khc bit so vi cc vesion trc ca n:

+ Ta c ba cch m phng MBA trong chng trnh PSS /E: M phng

MBA cc bng thng s sau khi chuyn n sang n v tng i vi cc i
lng c bn l ca h thng, m phng MBA cc bng thng s sau khi chuyn
n sang n v tng i vi cc i lng c bn ca l ca chnh MBA ,
hoc m phng MBA bng thng s c tn m nh ch to cung cp.

+ Khi m phng MBA ba cun dy ta c th xem chng nh ba MBA ha

cun dy (s dng nt dummy) hoc ch xem chng l mt my bin p ba cun

32
dy (khng c nt dummy). Tuy nhin ta nn s dng nt dummy khi MBA ba
cun dy ta m phng c hai pha iu chnh.

T s bin i

Pha 110:

ti Umi Ucbanj
t .
t j Ucbani Umj
1.115.1
1,04545pu
1.110.1

T s bin i cc i (RMA : Regulation max)

tmax = t.(1 + n.step) = 1,04545.(1 + 9.0,01.1,78) = 1,2129 (pu)

T s bin i cc tiu (RMI : Regulation min)

tmin = t.(1 n.step) = 1,04545.(1 9.0,01.1,78) = 0,878 (pu)

Bc iu chnh

tstep = step.t = 0,01.1,78.1,04545 = 0,0186 (pu)

Pha 35:

ti Umi Ucbanj
t .
t j Ucbani Umj
1.38,5.1
1,1pu
1.35.1

T s bin i cc i (RMA : Regulation max)

tmax = t.(1 + n.step) = 1,1.(1 + 2.0,01.2,5) = 1,155 (pu)

T s bin i cc tiu (RMI : Regulation min)

tmin = t.(1 n.step) = 1,1.(1 2.0,01.2,5) = 1,045 (pu)

Bc iu chnh

tstep = step.t = 0,01.2,5.1,1 = 0,0275 (pu)

33
 Pha 22 (khng iu chnh):

ti Umi Ucbanj
t .
t j Ucbani Umj
1.24.1
1,0909pu
1.22.1

T s bin i cc i (RMA : Regulation max)

tmax = t.(1 + n.step) = 1,1.(1 + 0.0,01.0) = 1,0909 (pu)

T s bin i cc tiu (RMI : Regulation min)

tmin = t.(1 n.step) = 1,1.(1 0.0,01.0) = 1,0909 (pu)

Bc iu chnh

tstep = step.t = 0,01.0.0 = 0,0 (pu)

II. M phng ng dy truyn ti:

ng dy truyn ti c m phng bng mt in tr R L, in khng XL,

in dn tc dng GL v mt in dn phn khng BL , n c m hnh ho
di dng hnh p vi tng tr ZL = RL + XL t tp trung gia cn tng dn
YL = GL + BL c chia lm hai phn bng nhau v t hai u ng dy.
i vi ng dy trn khng in p 110, 220kV thng khng xt n in
dn tc dng GL.

Thng thng nh sn xut cho ta cc thng s ca ng dy trn mt n

v chiu di nh: in tr tc dng r0L, in khng x0L, in dn phn khng b0L
t ta tnh c in tr RL, in khng XL, in dn phn khng BL ca
ng dy.

34
 ZL = RL + jXL

YL/2 = (GL + jBL)/2 YL/2 = (GL + jBL)/2

*in tr RL ca ng dy:

RL = r0L.l

Trong RL tnh bng n v Ohm ()

r0L tnh bng n v Ohm /km (/km)

l chiu di ca ng dy tnh bng n v km

Chuyn sang n v tng i:

RL r .l.S
RL* 0 L 2 coban
Z coban U coban

*in khng XL ca ng dy:

XL = x0L.l

Trong XL tnh bng n v Ohm ()

x0L tnh bng n v Ohm /km (/km)

l chiu di ca ng dy tnh bng n v km

Chuyn sang n v tng i:

XL x .l.S
X L* 0 L 2 coban
Z coban U coban

*in dn phn khng BL ca ng dy:

BL = b0L.l

Trong BL tnh bng n v 1/Ohm (1/)

35
b0L tnh bng n v Ohm -1/km (-1/km)

l chiu di ca ng dy tnh bng n v km

Chuyn sang n v tng i:

b0 L .l.U 2 coban
BL* BL .Z coban
S coban

V d: Tnh thng s ng dy truyn ti 110kV t trm ng Hi220 (E1)

n trm ng Hi110 (E2)

r0L = 0,172 (/km)

x0L = 0,409 (/km)

b0L = 2,78.10-6 (-1/km)

l = 2 (km)

Ly Sc bn = 100 (MVA), Uc bn110 = 110 (kV)

RL r .l.S
RL* 0 L 2 coban
Z coban U coban
0,172.2.100
0,002843 pu
110 2

XL x .l.S
X L* 0L 2 cban
Z cban U cban
0,409.2.100
0,00676pu
110 2

b 0L .l.U2 cban
BL* BL .Z cban
S cban
2,78.10 6.2.110 2
0,00067pu
100

III. M phng khng in:

Khng in trong chng trnh PSS /E c m phng bng mt in khng

XK. Nh sn xut cho ta bit in cm L ca khng in t ta tnh c in
khng XK ca khng in

36
 XK = 2..f.L

Trong : XK tnh bng n v Ohm ()

tnh bng n v rad

f tnh bng n v Hz

L tnh bng n v H

Chuyn sang n v tng i:

XK 2..f.L.S cban
X k*
Z cban U2 cban

V d: Tnh thng s ca cun khng lc sng hi t b t b ngang ti

trm Quy Nhn220 (E21)

L = 45.10-3 (H)

Ly Sc bn = 100 (MVA), Uc bn110 = 110 (kV)

XK 2..f.L.S cban
X k*
Z cban U2 cban
2.3,14.50.45.10 3.100
0,1168pu
110 2

37
 Chng 4
NHP V THAY I S LIU

I. Nhp d liu:

chng trnh PSS /E lm vic c th cc d liu v cc thnh phn ca h

thng v ph ti phi nm trong WORKING.FILE. thc hin nhp d liu ta
dng lnh READ nhp thng s cho tnh ton tro lu cng sut, n c cu trc
nh sau:

Lnh READ cha cc chn la READ, OPT nh sau:

RAED, ALL : Nhp s liu y ca tro lu cng sut

31
RAED, AREA : Nhp s liu cho cc vng c ch ra.
RAED, ZONES : Nhp s liu cho Tnh c ch ra.
RAED, KV : Nhp s liu nm trong vng in p gii hn.
RAED, POT : Nhp s liu cho h thng nh.

nhp d liu cho mt h thng in mi, ta s dng lnh READ sau khi
kch hot chng trnh PSS /E Power flow.
Sau mn hnh s xut hin dng lnh:
ENTER INPUT FILE NAME (0 TO EXIT, 1 FOR TERMINAL): 1
G phm 1, cc thng tin cn nhp sau y s xut hin:

1. D liu ban u: (Identification Data)

ENTER IC, SBASE:

Vi:
IC: code thay i:
0 - tt c d liu trong file lm vic b xo
1 - thm cc d liu cn b sung vo file ang lm vic
IC = 0 l gi tr mc nh.
SBASE : Cng sut c bn ca h thng, thng chn SBASE = 100 MVA cng
l gi tr mc nh.
V d nhp:
ENTER IC, SBASE
1,100
Sau khi nhp cc thng s trn, s xut hin dng lnh
ENTER TWO LINE HEADING
Chng trnh ny yu cu nhp 2 dng thng tin cn thit v file ang lm vic,
cc thng tin ny c th cho bit cc ghi ch v file s liu. Mi dng nhp ti a
60 k t.

32
 V d nhp:

2. Nhp d liu nt (Bus Data)

Dng d liu ca nt c nhp c dng nh sau:

ENTER BUS DATA
I, 'BUS NAME', BASKV, IDE, GL, BL, AREA, ZONE, VM, VA, OWNER
Vi:
I : s ca nt (t 1 n 99997)
NAME : tn ca nt, c th di n 8 k t v khng c khong trng.
BASEKV : in p c bn ca nt, mc nh = 0.
IDE : M ca nt.
1- Nt ti (khng c my pht)
2- Nt my pht (c b iu chnh in p MVAr)
3- Nt Swing (nt h thng, c in p khng thay i)
4- Nt c lp (nt tch ra khi h thng)
IDE c mc nh = 1.
GL : in dn r ca nt, n v MW. Mc nh GL = 0
BL : in dn dung ca nt, n v MVAr. Mc nh GL = 0
AREA : M ca khu vc. Mc nh AREA = 1
ZONE : M ca vng. Mc nh ZONE = 1
OWNER : M ca n v s hu (cc cng ty in Lc). Mc nh OWNER =
1
V d:
BUS# NAME BSKV CODE LOADS VOLT ANGLE S H U N T AREA
ZONE OWNER
110 TRAM_A 15.000 3 0 15.000 0.0 0.0 0.0 1 1 1
112 TRAM_A 220.00 1 0 239.31 -0.3 0.0 0.0 1 1 1
120 TRAM_A 15.000 2 1 15.000 1.2 0.0 0.0 1 1 1

33
 211 TRAM_B 110.00 1 0 117.63 -5.5 0.0 0.0 2 2 1
212 TRAM_B 220.00 1 0 229.98 -2.1 0.0 0.0 2 2 1
213 TRAM_B 35.000 1 2 38.684 -10.3 0.0 0.0 2 2 1
214 TRAM_B 22.000 1 1 23.404 -11.3 0.0 0.0 2 2 1
217 TRAM_B 1.0000 1 0 1.0066 -10.4 0.0 0.0 2 2 1
218 TRAM_B 1.0000 1 0 1.0066 -10.4 0.0 0.0 2 2 1
219 TRAM_B 10.000 1 0 11.206 -5.8 0.0 0.0 2 2 1
228 TRAM_B 1.0000 1 0 1.0187 -5.8 0.0 0.0 2 2 1
311 TRAM_C 110.00 1 0 119.03 -3.2 0.0 0.0 3 3 1
312 TRAM_C 220.00 1 0 234.17 -1.3 0.0 0.0 3 3 1
317 TRAM_C 1.0000 1 0 0.9697 -8.1 0.0 0.0 3 3 1
318 TRAM_C 1.0000 1 0 1.0087 -2.6 0.0 0.0 3 3 1
319 TRAM_C 10.000 1 0 10.592 -2.6 0.0 0.0 3 3 1
413 TRAM_C 35.000 1 1 37.249 -8.1 0.0 0.0 3 3 1
414 TRAM_C 22.000 1 0 22.305 -8.1 0.0 0.0 3 3 1
419 TRAM_C 10.000 2 0 10.000 2.6 0.0 0.0 3 3 1
511 TRAM_D 110.00 1 0 116.18 -5.0 0.0 0.0 3 3 1
514 TRAM_D 22.000 1 1 23.303 -8.7 0.0 0.0 3 3 1
611 TRAM_E 110.00 1 0 115.41 -5.6 0.0 0.0 2 2 1
616 TRAM_E 6.0000 1 1 6.6053 -10.3 0.0 0.0 2 2 1

3. Nhp d liu ti: (Load Data)

Dng d liu ca ti c nhp c dng nh sau:

ENTER LOAD DATA
I, ID, STATUS, AREA, ZONE, PL, QL, IP, IQ, YP, YQ, OWNER
Vi:
I : s ca nt (t 1 n 99997)

34
ID : k t phn bit cc nhnh ti. Mc nh ID = 1
STATUS : trng thi ca ti
1- ang vn hnh
0- ti b sa thi.
Mc nh STATUS = 1.
AREA : M ca khu vc. Mc nh AREA = 1
ZONE : M ca vng. Mc nh ZONE = 1
PL : Cng sut tc dng ca ti, n v MW.
QL : Cng sut phn khng ca ti, n v MVAr.
IP : Dng tc dng ca ti (trng hp nhp theo dng in). Mc nh
IP = 0.
IQ : Dng phn khng ca ti. (trng hp nhp theo dng in). Mc
nh IQ = 0.
YP : in dn ca ti (trng hp nhp theo tng dn). Mc nh YP = 0.
YQ : Dung dn ca ti (trng hp nhp theo tng dn). Mc nh YQ =
0.
OWNER : M ca n v s hu (cc cng ty in Lc). Mc nh OWNER =
1
V d nhp:
BUS# ID CD ST PSI MVA-LOAD CUR-LOAD Y - LOAD AREA
ZONE OWNER
120 1 2 1 1.000 1.5 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4 401 1
213 1 1 1 1.000 20.0 10.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 501 1
213 2 1 1 1.000 30.0 25.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 501 1
214 1 1 1 1.000 15.0 12.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 501 1
413 1 1 1 1.000 30.0 20.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4 402 1
514 1 1 1 1.000 10.0 5.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4 403 1
616 1 1 1 1.000 20.0 14.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 502 1

35
4. Nhp d liu my pht (Generator Data):

Dng d liu ca my pht c nhp c dng nh sau:

ENTER GENERATOR DATA

I,ID,PG,QG,QT,QB,VS,IREG,MBASE,ZR,ZX,RT,XT,GTAP,STAT,RMPCT,PT,
PB,O1,F1,..,O4,F4
Vi:
I : s ca nt (t 1 n 99997)
ID : k t phn bit cc my pht ni song song. Mc nh ID = 1
PG : P pht ca my, n v MW. Mc nh PG = 0
QG : Q pht ca my, n v MVAr. Mc nh QG = 0
QT : Q pht cc i ca my, n v MVAr. Mc nh QT = 9999
QB : Q pht cc tiu ca my, n v MVAr. Mc nh QB = -9999
VS : Bin in p cn iu chnh. Mc nh VS = 1
IREG : Nt cn iu chnh in p. Mc nh IREG = 0
MBASE : Cng sut nh mc ca my, n khng tham gia vo vic tnh tro
lu cng sut, nhng c s dng trong vic tnh ton ng ct, s c v n inh
ng ca h thng. Mc nh MBASE = SBASE
ZR, ZX : in tr in khng ca my pht n v tng i vi lng
cng sut c bn l cng sut MBASE. Tng t, n khng tham gia vo vic tnh
tro lu cng sut m c s dng trong vic tnh ton ng ct, s c v n inh
ng ca h thng. Mc nh ZR = 0, ZX = 0
RT, XT : in tr in khng ca my bin p tng p, i lng ny bng
khng nu ch m phng my pht. Mc nh RT = 0, XT = 0
GTAP : T s iu chnh b iu p ca my bin p tng p, ch dng khi
in khng MBA khc khng. Mc nh GTAP = 1
RMPCT : T l ca cng sut phn khng c yu cu gi in p ti nt
iu khin. Tr s ny lun lun > 0, ch cn thit khi IREG c nh. Mc nh
RMPCT = 100

36
PT : P pht cc i ca my, n v MW. Mc nh PT = 9999
PT : P pht cc tiu ca my, n v MVAr. Mc nh PT = -9999
Oi : S n v s hu, mi my pht c th 4 n v s hu.
Fi : T l vn ca n v s hu th i. Mc nh Fi = 1.

V d:

BUS# ID PGEN QGEN QMAX QMIN VSCHED VACT. PCT Q

REMOTE
110 1 16.0 33.3 120.0 -80.0 15.000 15.000 100.0
120 1 80.0 34.7 120.0 -80.0 15.000 15.000 100.0
419 1 33.0 -7.1 30.0 -20.0 10.000 10.000 100.0

5. Nhp d liu nhnh ng dy (Nontransformer Branch Data):

ENTER NON-TRANSFORMER BRANCH DATA

I,J,CKT,R,X,B,RATEA,RATEB,RATEC,GI,BI,GJ,BJ,ST,LEN,O1,F1,...,O4,F4
Vi:
I : s ca nt u
J : s ca nt cui
CKT : S mch vn hnh song song
R : in tr
X : in khng
B : Dung khng
RATEA : Cng sut nh mc pha A.
RATEB : Cng sut nh mc pha B.
RATEC : Cng sut nh mc pha C.
GI : in dn ti nt I

37
BI : Dung dn ti nt I
GJ : in dn ti nt J
BJ : Dung dn ti nt J
ST : Trng thi ca nhnh
1- ang vn hnh
0- ang c lp
LEN : Chiu di ng dy
Oi : S n v s hu, mi my pht c th 4 n v s hu.
Fi : T l vn ca n v s hu th i. Mc nh Fi = 1.

V d:

BUS# BUS# CKT LINE R LINE X CHRGING I T RATEA RATEB

RATEC LENGTH OWN1 FRAC1 OWN2 FRAC2 OWN3 FRAC3 OWN4
FRAC4
112 212 1 0.01260 0.08533 0.13262 1 362.0 362.0 362.0 100.0 1 1.000
112 312 1 0.01512 0.10240 0.15914 1 362.0 362.0 362.0 120.0 1 1.000
112 312 2 0.01512 0.10240 0.15914 1 362.0 362.0 362.0 120.0 1 1.000
211 611 1 0.04364 0.13388 0.01360 1 116.0 116.0 116.0 40.0 1 1.000
212 112 1 0.01260 0.08533 0.13262 1 362.0 362.0 362.0 100.0 1 1.000
212 312 1 0.01450 0.07810 0.11935 1 296.0 269.0 296.0 90.0 1 1.000
311 511 1 0.07025 0.16529 0.01664 1 99.0 99.0 99.0 50.0 1 1.000
312 112 1 0.01512 0.10240 0.15914 1 362.0 362.0 362.0 120.0 1 1.000
312 112 2 0.01512 0.10240 0.15914 1 362.0 362.0 362.0 120.0 1 1.000
312 212 1 0.01450 0.07810 0.11935 1 296.0 269.0 296.0 90.0 1 1.000
511 311 1 0.07025 0.16529 0.01664 1 99.0 99.0 99.0 50.0 1 1.000
511 110 1 0.04215 0.09917 0.00998 1 99.0 99.0 99.0 30.0 1 1.000

38
 611 110 1 0.04364 0.13388 0.01360 1 116.0 116.0 116.0 40.0 1 1.000
611 511 1 0.04215 0.09917 0.00998 1 99.0 99.0 99.0 30.0 1 1.000

6. Nhp d liu nhnh MBA (Transformer Branch Data):

C MBA 2 cun dy v 3 cun dy c nhp dng khi. MBA 2 cun dy l

mt khi gm 4 dng d liu, MBA 3 cun dy 5 dng d liu
Dng d liu MBA 2 cun dy c nhp vo nh sau:
ENTER
I,J,K,CKT,CW,CZ,CM,MAG1,MAG2,NMETR,'NAME',STAT,O1,F1,...,O4,F4.
R1-2,X1-2, SBASE1-2.
WINDV1,NOMV1,ANG1,RATA1,RATB1,RATC1,COD,CONT,RMA,RMI,VM
A,VMI,NTP,TAB,CR,CX.
WINDV2,NOMV2.
Dng d liu MBA 3 cun dy c nhp vo nh sau:
ENTER
I,J,K,CKT,CW,CZ,CM,MAG1,MAG2,NMETR,'NAME',STAT,O1,F1,...,O4,F4.
R1-2,X1-2, SBASE1-2,R2-3,X2-3,SBASE2-3,R3-1,X3-1,SBASE3-
1,VMSTAR,ANTR.
WINDV1,NOMV1,ANG1,RATA1,RATB1,RATC1,COD,CONT,RMA,RMI,VM
A,VMI,NTP,TAB,CR,CX.
WINDV2,NOMV2, ANG2,RATA2,RATB2,RATC2.
WINDV3,NOMV3, ANG3,RATA3,RATB3,RATC3.
VI:
Dng 1: chung cho c MBA 2 v 3 cun dy.

I : s ca nt th nht
J : s ca nt th hai
K : s ca nt th 3 (nu my c 3 cun dy)
CKT : s th t ca MBA

39
CW : m ca cun dy xc nh dng nhp in p nh mc cc cun
dy MBA
1- dng n v tng i (p.u)
2- dng n v KV
CZ : m ca tng tr cun dy xc nh dng nhp cc in khng
1- tng tr cc cun dy nhp vo theo lng c bn ca MBA
2- tng tr cc cun dy nhp vo theo lng c bn ca h thng
CM : m ca tng dn cc cun dy xc nh dng nhp cc tng dn
1- tng tr cc cun dy nhp vo theo lng c bn ca h thng
2- tng tr cc cun dy nhp vo theo lng c bn ca MBA. Nhp
vo tn tht khng ti (W) v phn trm dng in khng ti
MAG1,
MAG2 : tng ng l in dn v dung dn. N dng p.u khi CM =1, cn
dng c tn khi CM = 2
NMETR : m o lng
NAME : tn cho MBA
Oi : S n v s hu, mi MBA c th 4 n v s hu.
Fi : T l vn ca n v s hu th i. Mc nh Fi = 1.

Dng 2:
R1-2,X1-2 : in tr v in khng ca nt 1 v 2
SBASE1-2 : Cng sut nh mc ca nt 1 v 2

R2-3,X2-3 : in tr v in khng ca nt 2 v 3
SBASE2-3 : Cng sut nh mc ca nt 2 v 3

R1-3,X1-3 : in tr v in khng ca nt 1 v 3

40
SBASE1-3 : Cng sut nh mc ca nt 1 v 3

VMSTAR : bin ca nt n (nt DUM), mc nh =1

ANTR : gc pha ca nt n, mc nh = 0

Dng 3:
WINDV1 : t s iu chnh NPA ca cun 1
NOMV1 : in p nh mc ca cun 1 n v c tn
ANG1 : gc lch pha cun 1 ca MBA

RATEA1 : Cng sut nh mc pha A cun 1

RATEB1 : Cng sut nh mc pha B cun 1
RATEC1 : Cng sut nh mc pha C cun 1

CODE : m iu chnh b in p ca MBA

0- khng iu chnh
1- iu chnh in p
2- iu chnh tro lu Q
3- iu chnh tro lu P
4- iu chnh cc i lng ca ng dy 1 chiu
CONT : nt iu chnh in p
RMA : t l iu chnh ln nht ca MBA
RMI : t l iu chnh nh nht ca MBA
VMA : in p ln nht cn iu chnh ti nt CONT
VMI : in p nh nht cn iu chnh ti nt CONT
NTP : s nc phn p ca MBA, ch s dng khi COD =1 hoc 2
TAB : s lng ca bng chnh xc in khng MBA

41
CR,CX : in khng cc tn tht cn b iu chnh in p

Dng 4:

WINDV3 : t s iu chnh nc phn p cun 3

NOMV3 : in p nh mc ca cun 3 n v c tn
ANG3 : gc lch pha cun 3 MBA

RATEA3 : Cng sut nh mc pha A cun 3

RATEB3 : Cng sut nh mc pha B cun 3
RATEC3 : Cng sut nh mc pha C cun 3

V d thng s ca MBA 2 cun dy:

BUS# NAME BSKV BUS# NAME BSKV CKT T T 1 W WINDV1
NOMV1 ANGLE WINDV2 NOMV2 CN RMAX RMIN VMAX VMIN
NTPS BUS# NAME BSKV CR CX
110 TRAM_A 15.0 112 TRAM_A 220 1 1 F T 1 1.1000 0.000 0.0 1.0000
0.000 0 1.2100 0.9900 1.5000 0.5100 17
112 TRAM_A 220 120 TRAM_A 15.0 1 1 T F 1 1.1000 0.000 0.0 1.0000
0.000 0 1.2100 0.9900 1.5000 0.5100 17
211 TRAM_B 110 217 TRAM_B 1.00 1 1 F F 1 0.9896 0.000 0.0 1.0000
0.000 0 1.2129 0.8780 1.5000 0.5100 19
211 TRAM_B 110 218 TRAM_B 1.00 1 1 F F 1 0.9896 0.000 0.0 1.0000
0.000 0 1.2129 0.8780 1.5000 0.5100 19
211 TRAM_B 110 228 TRAM_B 1.00 1 1 F F 1 1.0455 0.000 0.0 1.0000
0.000 0 1.0455 1.0455 1.5000 0.5100 9999
212 TRAM_B 220 228 TRAM_B 1.00 1 1 F F 1 0.9588 0.000 0.0 1.0000
0.000 0 1.1250 0.9205 1.5000 0.5100 17

42
 213 TRAM_B 35.0 217 TRAM_B 1.00 1 1 F F 1 1.1000 0.000 0.0 1.0000
0.000 0 1.1000 1.1000 1.5000 0.5100 9999
213 TRAM_B 35.0 218 TRAM_B 1.00 1 1 F F 1 1.1000 0.000 0.0 1.0000
0.000 0 1.1000 1.1000 1.5000 0.5100 9999
214 TRAM_B 22.0 217 TRAM_B 1.00 1 1 F F 1 1.0716 0.000 0.0 1.0000
0.000 0 1.0977 0.9932 1.5000 0.5100 5
214 TRAM_B 22.0 218 TRAM_B 1.00 1 1 F F 1 1.0716 0.000 0.0 1.0000
0.000 0 1.0977 0.9932 1.5000 0.5100 5
219 TRAM_B 10.0 228 TRAM_B 1.00 1 1 F F 1 1.1000 0.000 0.0 1.0000
0.000 0 1.1000 1.1000 1.5000 0.5100 9999
311 TRAM_C 110 317 TRAM_C 1.00 1 1 F F 1 1.0454 0.000 0.0 1.0000
0.000 0 1.2129 0.8780 1.5000 0.5100 19
311 TRAM_C 110 318 TRAM_C 1.00 1 1 F F 1 1.1000 0.000 0.0 1.0000
0.000 0 1.1000 1.1000 1.5000 0.5100 9999
311 TRAM_C 110 419 TRAM_C 10.0 1 1 F F 1 1.0563 0.000 0.0 1.0000
0.000 0 1.1513 0.9612 1.5000 0.5100 13
312 TRAM_C 220 318 TRAM_C 1.00 1 1 F F 1 1.0062 0.000 0.0 1.0000
0.000 0 1.1500 0.9409 1.5000 0.5100 17
317 TRAM_C 1.00 413 TRAM_C 35.0 1 1 T T 1 1.1000 0.000 0.0 1.0000
0.000 0 1.1000 1.1000 1.5000 0.5100 9999
317 TRAM_C 1.00 414 TRAM_C 22.0 1 1 T T 1 1.0455 0.000 0.0 1.0000
0.000 0 1.0977 0.9932 1.5000 0.5100 5
318 TRAM_C 1.00 319 TRAM_C 10.0 1 1 T T 1 1.0500 0.000 0.0 1.0000
0.000 0 1.0500 1.0500 1.5000 0.5100 9999
511 TRAM_D 110 514 TRAM_D 22.0 1 1 F F 1 0.9583 0.000 0.0 1.0000
0.000 0 1.0542 0.8625 1.5000 0.5100 17
611 TRAM_E 110 616 TRAM_E 6.00 1 1 F F 1 0.8930 0.000 0.0 1.0000
0.000 0 1.0386 0.7796 1.5000 0.5100 17
Sau khi nhp d liu tnh ton tro lu cng sut bng lnh READ s dng
phn b t nhin v file va nhp c ui RAW. Tuy nhin, chng trnh ch lm

43
vic vi cc file c ui SAV. chuyn i file RAW sang file SAV ta dung
lnh:
SAVE <tn file >.SAV
n y vic nhp s liu hon thnh.

II. Thay i d liu:

1. Thay i bng lnh:

S liu ca h thng trong file WORKING.FILE c th c gi ra thay i

theo nhu cu ca ngi s dng, ng thi c th thay i cc thng s tnh ton.
Khi thc hin ta dng lnh CHNG thay i theo yu cu ca chng trnh.
Nhng phn no trng khng thay i th cha trng, khi chng trnh s gi
nguyn gi tr c ca thnh phn . Cc ch lm vic ca cc thnh phn h
thng u c m ho nh sau:
M thanh ci (nt):
- 1: thanh ci ph ti
- 2: thanh ci my pht hoc trm bin p
- 3: thanh ci vng
- 4: thanh ci c lp
Trng thi thnh phn:
- 1: thnh phn ni vi h thng (ang vn hnh)
- 0: thnh phn nm ngoi h thng (ang c lp hoc d phng)
thay i d liu ta dng lnh CHNG chng trnh s yu cu nhp m ca
thnh phn cn thay i nh sau:
CHNG
ENTER CHANGE CODE:
0 = EXIT ACTIVITY 1 = BUS DATA
2 = GENERATOR DATA 3 = BRANCH DATA

4 = 2 WINDING TRANSFORMER DATA 5 = AREA INTERCHANGE DATA

6 = TWO-TERMINAL DC LINE DATA 7 = SOLUTION PARAMETERS

44
 8 = CASE HEADING 9 = SWITCHED SHUNT DATA
10 = IMPEDANCE CORRECTION TABLES 11 = MULTI-TERMINAL DC DATA
12 = ZONE NAMES 13 = INTER-AREA TRANSFER
DATA
14 = OWNER NAMES 15 = MACHINE OWNERSHIP DATA
16 = BRANCH OWNERSHIP DATA 17 = FACTS CONTROL DEVICE
DATA

18 = 3 WINDING TRANSFORMER DATA 19 = VSC DC LINE DATA: 0

Sau khi xc nh thnh phn cn thay i, chng trnh s hin ra cc thng s

ca thnh phn v yu cu xc nhn vic thay i:
CHANGE IT?
Ngi s dng phi tr li yu cu nh sau:
- 1 hoc Y hoc Yes chp nhn thay i.
- 0 hoc N hoc NO loi b vic thay i .
V d:

BUS DATA FOR BUS 112 [TRAM_A 220.00]:

CODE SHUNT
OLD 1 0.00 0.00 CHANGE IT? y
ENTER CODE, G, B

NEW 1 0.00 0.00

AREA VOLT ANGLE NAME BASVLT ZONE OWNER

OLD 1 239.31 -0.30 TRAM_A 220.000 1 1 CHANGE IT?

ENTER LOAD ID (CARRIAGE RETURN FOR NEXT LOAD, -1 FOR NEXT

BUS):

45
2. Thay i bng menu:

Hnh 1
thay i d liu ta c th t menu: EDIT-CHANGE-(xem hnh 1)

III. Xut d liu:

xut d liu ta dng lnh LIST bng cch nhp t bn phm hoc t menu
FILE LIST - . (xem hnh 2)
xut d liu ta dng lnh LIST chng trnh s yu cu nhp m ca thnh
phn cn xut nh sau:
0 = TO EXIT 1 = CASE SUMMARY
2 = BUS DATA 3 = SWITCHED SHUNT DATA
4 = PLANT DATA 5 = GEN. UNIT DATA
6 = BRANCH DATA 7 = BRANCH DATA
(SINGLE ENTRY) (DOUBLE ENTRY)
8 = 2W TRANSFORMER IMPEDANCE DATA 9 = LINE SHUNT DATA

46
10 = DC LINE DATA 11 = AREA INTERCHANGE DATA
12 = FULL LISTING 13 = FULL LISTING
(SINGLE ENTRY BRANCH) (DOUBLE ENTRY BRANCH)
14 = IMPEDANCE CORRECTION DATA 15 = MULTI-SECTION LINE
GROUPING DATA
16 = ZONE DATA 17 = INTER-AREA TRANSFER DATA
18 = LOAD DATA 19 = OWNER DATA

20 = FACTS CONTROL DEVICE DATA 21 = 2W TRANSFORMER TAP &

CONTROL DATA
22 = 3W TRANSFORMER IMPEDANCE DATA 23 = 3W TRANSFORMER
WINDING DATA
24 = 3W TRANSFORMER CONTROL DATA: 2
ENTER 0 TO EXIT, 1 FOR NEW DATA CATEGORY: 0

Hnh 2

47
 Chng 5
HNG DN TNH TON CHNG TRNH PSS /E

I. Tnh phn b cng sut:

Trnh t tnh ton c m t nh sau

CASE
(np file d liu)

CHNG
(thay i d liu
h thng)

SOLV, MSLV, FNSL

(Tnh ton phn b
cng xut)

sai
Mismatch <1

ng

POUT, VCHK,
RATE, TIES
(Xut d liu)

47
1. Np file d liu:

Khi khi ng chng trnh PSS /E phn tnh ton tro lu cng sut th s

xut hin mn hnh nh sau:

- Click chut vo lnh CASE bt u thc hin lnh. Khi lnh CASE c
thc hin th ca s lnh CASE c m ra.

48
 Trong phn Look in, chn th mc cha file cn np, cc file c ui sav s
hin ln trong bn. Chn file cn np vo, nhn OK.
Nh vy file cn s dng c np vo, sn sng phc v cho qu trnh tnh
ton.

2. Thay i d liu trong file:

- File d liu c np tng ng vi mt trng thi h thng nh sn:

ph ti, phng thc kt dy,...v phn b cng sut trn h thng c tnh
theo cc iu kin ca h thng tng ng.
- tnh ton phn b cng sut cho mt trng thi h thng khc vi h thng
c sn nh ct mt ng dy, thay i ph ti, thay i nc phn p, ng /ct
t,...th trc ht s dng lnh CHNG thc hin cc thay i .

Trong phn dng lnh, g lnh CHNG. phn hi thi ca lnh CHNG s hin
ra:

ACTIVITY? chng
ENTER CHANGE CODE:
0 = EXIT ACTIVITY 1 = BUS DATA
2 = GENERATOR DATA 3 = BRANCH DATA
4 = 2 WINDING TRANSFORMER 5 = AREA INTERCHANGE DATA
DATA
6 = TWO-TERMINAL DC LINE 7 = SOLUTION PARAMETERS
DATA
8 = CASE HEADING 9 = SWITCHED SHUNT DATA
10 = IMPEDANCE CORRECTION 11 = MULTI-TERMINAL DC DATA
TABLES
12 = ZONE NAMES 13 = INTER-AREA TRANSFER
DATA

49
14 = OWNER NAMES 15 = MACHINE OWNERSHIP DATA
16 = BRANCH OWNERSHIP DATA 17 = FACTS CONTROL DEVICE
DATA
18 = 3 WINDING TRANSFORMER 19 = VSC DC LINE DATA: 3
DATA

Nu mun ct thay i thng s ca ng dy th chn 3 (3 = BRANCH

DATA), g 3 vo dng lnh ri n enter.

ENTER FROM BUS, TO BUS, CIRCUIT IDENTIFIER

(FROM BUS = 0 FOR NEW CHANGE CODE, -1 TO EXIT):

Chng trnh yu cu nhp ng dy mun thay i biu th bng FROM

BUS n TO BUS v mch s CIRCUIT IDENTIFIER. Nu khng mun thay i
th g s 0, mu mun thot lnh th g -1.
V d: mun thay i ng dy t BUS 9001 n BUS 9091 th thao tc nh
sau:
Trong dng lnh g CHNG
3
9001,9091,1

Cc thng s c (OLD) ca ng dy c hin ra v ngi s dng c hi

xc nhn thay i. Nu mun thay i g yes , nu khng th g no

BRANCH DATA FOR CKT 1 FROM 9001 [TAMKY 110.00] TO 9091

[RE_DQUAT110.00]:
STATUS LINE R LINE X CHARGING RATE-A RATE-B RATE-C
LENGTH
OLD 1 0.07025 0.16529 0.01682 97.0 0.0 0.0 50.0 CHANGE IT?

Ta g yes thay i:
ENTER STATUS, R, X, CHARGING, RATE-A, RATE-B, RATE-C, # OF
CIRCUITS, LENGTH

50
 Nhp cc thng s mi ca ng dy ri nhn N xc nhn.
Sau khi nhp xong, chng trnh hi xem c tip tc thay i ng dy na
khng. Nu c th tip tc thc hin nh trn, nu khng th g 0 chn loi
thit b cn thay i khc (nh my pht) hoc g -1 kt thc lnh CHNG.

3. Tnh ton phn b cng sut:

tnh ton phn b cng sut cho h thng mi sau khi c thay i bng
lnh CHNG ta s dng cc lnh tnh ton NSOL, FNSL hoc FDNS. vic s
dng lnh ny c thun li, ta dng lnh qua h thng MENU: chn lnh theo
ng dn Powerflow /solution/Newton solution (NSOL/FNSL/FDNS), phn tu
chn ca thut ton s xut hin:

- Chn thut ton trong phn Solution method, c th chn 1 trong 3 thut
ton:
FDNS: Fixed-slop, decoupled Newton-Raphson
FNSL: Full Newton-Raphson
NSOL: decoupled Newton-Raphson.

- Chn phng php iu chnh nc phn p t ng: Tap adjustment

51
 c 3 tu chn
+ Lock taps: khng iu chnh nc PA.
+ Stepping: iu chnh nc t ng theo tng nc.
+ Direct: iu chnh nc phn p trc tip n v tr xc lp ti u (nhanh hi
t).

- Cc tu chn tnh ton: Solution options

Phase shift adjustment: iu chnh thay i gc pha qua MBA gi cng sut
tc dng qua b thay i gc pha nm trong gii hn cho php.
Adjust dc taps: iu chnh nc phn p ca b chuyn i dc.
Adjust switched shunts: iu chnh bng cc t ng ct.
Flat start: tnh ton s dng cc trng thi ban u.

- iu chnh cng sut thanh ci my pht bus swing gi vng lin kt

trong gii hn cho php: Area interchange control
Disabled: khng iu chnh
Ties line only: ch i vi ng dy hnh T
Tie lines and loads: i vi ng dy hnh T v ph ti

- Gii hn cc bin: Var limits

Apply automatically: p dng t ng.
Apply intermediately: p dng mt cch tc thi.
Ignore: b qua gii hn cc bin.
Apply at: interations: p dng sau s vng lp c nhp vo bi ngi
s dng.

- Sau chn SOLVE bt u tnh ton

Good solution
Sau khi tnh ton, nu lch nh hn 1 l t:

LARGEST MISMATCH: -0.03 MW -0.03 MVAR 0.05 MVA AT BUS

9111 [QUINHON2110.00]
SYSTEM TOTAL ABSOLUTE MISMATCH: 0.23 MVA

52
4. Xut d liu tnh ton ra mn hnh:

S dng lnh POUT

ENTER OUTPUT DEVICE CODE:

0 FOR NO OUTPUT 1 FOR REPORT WINDOW,
WITH PAGE BREAKS
2 FOR A FILE 3 FOR
HP_LaserJet_5000_Series_PCL6
4 FOR NX-1000 5 FOR REPORT WINDOW,
WITH NO PAGE BREAKS
6 FOR ALTERNATE SPOOL DEVICE 7 FOR PROGRESS WINDOW
(WITH PAGE BREAKS):

Chng trnh yu cu xc nh thit b xut ra, chn 1 xut ra mn

hnh: g 1
vo dng lnh:
ENTER UP TO 20 BUS NUMBERS

ngi s dng nhp bus n (s) m mun xem d liu, gi s mun xem
BUS 9091:
9091

chng trnh s m mt ca s xut d liu nh sau:

BUS 9091 RE_DQUAT 110 AREA CKT MW MVAR MVA %I 1.0119PU -5.76 9091

7 111.31KV

TO 9001 TAMKY 110 7 1 7.2 -5.9 9.3 9

TO 9051 DSOI-110 110 7 0 -7.2 5.9 9.3

in p trong
in p n v KV v
to c bn tro lu dng
cng sut pu
From ti %

53
II. Tnh ton ngn mch:

Trnh t tnh ton c m t nh sau

CASE
(np file d
liu)

CHNG
(thay i d
liu h thng)

SOLV, MSLV,
FNSL (Tnh ton
phn b cng xut)

SEQD
(thit lp h thng
cc th t)

SCMU
(tnh ton NM)

54
 tnh ton ngn mch h thng, trc ht phi np file d liu, tin hnh
cc thay i nu cn v thc hin tnh ton phn b cng sut c c mt
h thng cn m phng trc s c.

1. Lnh SEQD:

Thit lp cc ma trn th t thun, nghch, khng chun b cho tnh ton cc

ch khng cn bng.
Tu chn ca lnh: Apply transformer imperdance correction to zero
sequence
Nu chn tu chn ny th tng tr th t khng ca MBA s c chn cng
h s vi th t thun, ngc li th tng tr th t khng ly gi tr nhp vo
file d liu ban u.
C php lnh: SEQD

ENTER 1 TO APPLY TRANSFORMER IMPEDANCE CORRECTION TO

ZERO SEQUENCE:

G 0 khng thc hin iu chnh.

2. Tnh ton ngn mch - lnh SCMU:

C php: chn lnh trong MENU: Fault/Solve network with unbalance

(SCMU), chng trnh xut hin cc tu chn:

55
Cc tu chn ny l cc dng s c cn tnh ton:
- S c 1 pha chm t: tu chn: L-G unbalance
Cc thng s cn nhp:
Fault bus number : thanh ci b s c
Fault phase: pha b s c (chn phase A,
phase B hoc phase C)
Fault impedance: R, X (n v pu)

ZF ZF ZF
Z
G

56
 - S c 2 pha chm t: tu chn: L-L-G unbalance

Cc thng s cn nhp:
Fault bus number : thanh ci b s c
Excluded phase: pha khng b s c
(chn phase A, phase B hoc phase C)
Fault impedance: R, X (n v pu)
RG, XG (n v pu)
- S c 3 pha: tu chn: Three phases fault

Cc thng s cn nhp:
Fault bus number : thanh ci b s c

V d: tnh s c 3 pha BUS 9091 th chn phn Three phases fault

v nhp thanh ci Fault bus number:9091, chn OK. Chng trnh thc hin
tnh ton ngn mch, sau ngi s dng xc nh thit b xut kt qu:

57
 Chn output devices l Progress v nhn OK xut kt qu ra mn hnh

SEQUENCE THEVENIN IMPEDANCES AT FAULTED BUSES:

BUS NAME BSKV ZERO POSITIVE NEGATIVE

9091 RE_DQUAT 110 0.01116 0.09301 0.05361 0.17370 0.05367 0.17375

THREE PHASE FAULT AT BUS 9091 [RE_DQUAT 110]:

SEQUENCE /V0/ AN(V0) /V+/ AN(V+) /V-/ AN(V-) /3V0/ AN(3V0)

PHASE /VA/ AN(VA) /VB/ AN(VB) /VC/ AN(VC)

9091 (KV L-G) 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00
RE_DQUAT 110 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00

SEQUENCE /I0/ AN(I0) /I+/ AN(I+) /I-/ AN(I-) /3I0/ AN(3I0)

PHASE /IA/ AN(IA) /IB/ AN(IB) /IC/ AN(IC)

FROM 9001 1 0.0 0.00 880.4 -73.27 0.0 0.00 0.0 0.00
TAMKY 110 880.4 -73.27 880.4 166.73 880.4 46.73

FROM 9051 0 0.0 0.00 2046.8 -80.90 0.0 0.00 0.0 0.00
DSOI-110 110 2046.8 -80.90 2046.8 159.10 2046.8 39.10

SUM OF CONTRIBUTIONS INTO BUS 9091 [RE_DQUAT 110]:

9091 0.0 0.00 2921.7 -78.61 0.0 0.00 0.0 0.00

RE_DQUAT 110 2921.7 -78.61 2921.7 161.39 2921.7 41.39

FAULT CURRENT AT BUS 9091 [RE_DQUAT 110]:

9091 0.0 0.00 2921.7 -78.61 0.0 0.00 0.0 0.00

RE_DQUAT 110 2921.7 -78.61 2921.7 161.39 2921.7 41.39

58