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OFFSETS are short distances measured perpendicular to a reference line or baseline. They are
usually taken at regular intervals if the curved boundary does not vary significantly.
Common Two Rules used in determining areas of Irregular or Curved Boundaries
1. TRAPEZOIDAL RULE
The assumption made in using the trapezoidal rule is that the ends of the offsets in the
boundary line are assumed to be connected by straight line, thereby forming a series of
trapezoids.
1 2 3 4 5 6 n-1
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 1
1 2 3 4 5 6 1
: = = = = =
1 + 2
1 = ( )
2
2 + 3
2 = ( )
2
3 + 4
3 = ( )
2
.
.
.
= ( + + 2 )
2 1
= 2 + 3 + 4 + + 1
:
1 + 2 2 + 3 3 + 4 1 +
=( ) 1 + ( ) 2 + ( ) 3 + + ( ) 1
2 2 2 2
n-2 n-1
1 2 2 3 4 5 6 2 1
1 3 4 5
( )
1 1 2 2 3
3,4 = ( + 44 + 5 )
3 3
1, = ( + 41 + )
3 2
= [(1 + ) + 2 (3 + 5 + 7 + + 2 ) + 4 (2 + 4 + 6 + + 1 )]
3
= [(1 + ) + 2 ( ) + 4 ( )]
3
:
1
( )
( )
( )
Tarlac State University CE 313: Surveying 1 Prepared by:
College of Engineering Topic: Area Computations Engr. Randy G. Policarpio
Civil Engineering Department page: 4