HazenWilliamsFrictionFactor(C)

PipeMaterial ValuesforC
Range AverageValue TypicalDesignValue
High/Low
Polyethylenepipeortubing 160/150 150155 150
Cementormasticlinediron 160/130 148 140
orsteelpipe
Copper,brass,lead,tinor 150/120 140 130
glasspipeortubing
WoodStave 145/110 120 110
WeldedorSeamlessSteel 150/80 130 100
Castandductileiron 150/80 130 100
Concrete 152/85 120 100
Corrugatedsteel 60 60

ManningsEquationroughnesscoefficient(n)

Material Valuesforn
Range TypicalDesignValue

Polyethylenepipe 0.0080.011 0.009
Uncoatedcastorductile 0.0120.015 0.013
ironpipe
Corrugatedsteelpipe 0.0210.030 0.024
Concretepipe 0.0120.016 0.015
Vitrifiedclaypipe 0.0110.017 0.013
Brickandcementmortar 0.0120.017 0.015
sewers
Woodstave 0.0100.013 0.011
Rubblemasonry 0.0170.030 0.021
ConcreteCulvertPipe 0.0100.011 0.011
(Smooth)
ConcreteBoxes 0.0120.015 0.013
(Smooth)
SpiralRibMetalPipe 0.0120.013 0.013
(Smooth)
CorrugatedMetalPipe, 0.0220.027 0.024
PipeArchandBox.(22/3
inbyinAnnular
corrugation)
CorrugatedMetalPipe, 0.0110.023 0.020
PipeArchandBox.(22/3
inbyinHelical
corrugation)
CorrugatedMetalPipe, 0.0220.025 0.024
PipeArchandBox.(6inby
1inHelicalcorrugation)
CorrugatedMetalPipe, 0.0250.026 0.026
PipeArchandBox.(5inby
1in)
CorrugatedMetalPipe, 0.0270.028 0.028
PipeArchandBox.(3inby
1in)
CorrugatedMetalPipe, 0.0330.035 0.034
PipeArchandBox.(6inby
2inStructuralPlate)
CorrugatedMetalPipe, 0.0330.037 0.035
PipeArchandBox.(9inby
21/2inStructuralPlate)
CorrugatedPolyethylene 0.0090.015 0.013

 CulvertPipe(Smooth)
CorrugatedPolyethylene 0.0180.025 0..023
CulvertPipe(Corrugated)
Polyvinylchloride(PVC) 0.0090.011 0.010
(Smooth)
OpenChannelregular 0.0300.035 0.035
sectionsomegrassand
weeds,littleornobrush
OpenChannelregular 0.0350.05 0.04
sectiondensegrassand
weeds,depthofflow
materiallygreaterthan
weedheight
OpenChannelregular 0.0350.05 0.04
sectionsomeweeds,light
brushonbanks
OpenChannelregular 0.050.07 0.06
sectionsomeweeds,
heavybrushonbanks
OpenChannelregular 0.060.08 0.07
sectionsomeweeds,
densewillowsonbanks
OpenChannelregular 0.010.02 0.02
sectionfortreeswithin
channel,withbranches
submergedathighstage,
increaseallaboveopen
channelvaluesby
Irregularsections,with 0.010.02 0.02
pools,slightchannel
meander,increaseopen
channelvaluesgivenabove
by
Mountainstreams,no 0.040.05 0.05
vegetationinchannel,
banksusuallysteep,trees
andbrushalongbanks
submergedathighstage:
bottomofgravel,cobbles,
andfewboulders
Mountainstreams,no 0.050.07 0.06
vegetationinchannel,
banksusuallysteep,trees
andbrushalongbanks
submergedathighstage:
bottomofcobbles,with
largeboulders
Concretegutter,trowel 0.012 0.012
finish
Asphaltpavement(smooth 0.013 0.013
texture)
Asphaltpavement 0.016 0.016
(roughtexture)
Combinationasphalt 0.015 0.015
pavementandconcrete
gutter
Concretepavement 0.0140.016 0.015

CulvertDesignOutletControl,FullorPartlyFullEntranceHeadLossCoefficient(Ke)

TypeofStructureandDesignofEntrance Ke
Pipe,Concrete
Projectingfromfill,socketend(grooveend) 0.2

Projectingfromfill,sq.cutend 0.5
Headwallorheadwallandwingwalls,Socketend 0.2
Headwallorheadwallandwingwalls,Squareedge 0.5
Rounded,radiusD/12 0.2
Miteredtoconformtofillslope 0.7
EndSectionconformingtofillslope 0.5
Bevelededges,33.7deg.or45deg.bevels 0.2
Sideorslopetaperedinlet 0.2
PipeorPipeArchCorrugatedMetal
Projectingfromfill(noheadwall) 0.9
Headwallorheadwallandwingwallssquareedge 0.5
Miteredtoconformtofillslope,pavedorunpavedslope 0.7
EndSectionconformingtofillslope 0.5
Bevelededges,33.7deg.or45deg.bevels 0.2
Sideorslopetaperedinlet 0.2
Box,ReinforcedConcrete
Headwallparalleltoembankment(nowingwalls),Squareedgeon3 0.5
edges
Headwallparalleltoembankment(nowingwalls),Roundedon3 0.2
edgestoradiusofD/12orB/12orbevelededgeson3sides
Wingwallsat30degto75degtobarrel,Squareedged atcrown 0.4
Wingwallsat30degto75degtobarrel,Crownedgeroundedto 0.2
radiusofD/12orbeveledtopedge
Wingwallsat10degto25degtobarrel,Squareedgedatcrown 0.5
Wingwallsparallel(extensionofsides),Squareedgedatcrown 0.7
Wingwallsparallel(extensionofsides),Sideorslopetaperedinlet 0.2

CulvertDesignConstantsforInletControlDesignEquation

ShapeandMaterial InletEdgeDescription K M c Y
CircularConcrete Squareedgew/headwall .0098 2.0 .0398 .67
Grooveendw/headwall .0018 2.0 .0292 .74
Grooveendprojecting .0045 2.0 .0317 .69
CircularCMP Headwall .0078 2.0 .0379 .69
Miteredtoslope .0210 1.33 .0463 .75
Projecting .0340 1.50 .0553 .54
Circular Beveledring,45deg.bevels .0018 2.50 .0300 .74
Beveledring,33.7deg.bevels .0018 2.50 .0243 .83
RectangularBox 30to75degwingwallflares .026 1.0 .0347 .81
90and15degwingwallflares .061 75 .0400 .80
0degwingwallflares .061 .75 .0423 .82
45degwingwallflared=.043D .510 .667 .0309 .80
18to33.7degwingwallflared=.083D .486 .667 .0249 .83
90degheadwallw/3/4chamfers .515 .667 .0375 .79
90degheadwallw/45degbevels .495 .667 .0314 .82
90degheadwallw/33.7degbevels .486 .667 .0252 .865
chamfers,45degskewedheadwall .545 .667 .04505 .73
chamfers,30degskewedheadwall .533 .667 .0425 .705
chamfers,15degskewedheadwall .522 .667 .0402 .68
45degbevels;10to45degskewedheadwall .498 .667 .0327 .75
RectangularBox 45degnonoffsetwingwallflares .497 .667 .0339 .803
chamfers
18.4degnonoffsetwingwallflares .493 .667 .0361 .806
18.4nonoffsetwingwallflares,30deg .495 .667 .0386 .71
skewedbarrel
RectangularBox 45degwingwallflaresoffset .497 .667 .0302 .835
TopBevels
33.7degwingwallflaresoffset .495 .667 .0252 .881
18.4degwingwallflaresoffset .493 .667 .0227 .887
CMBoxes 90degheadwall .0083 2.0 .0379 .69
Thickwallprojecting .0145 1.75 .0419 .64

 Thinwallprojecting .0340 1.5 .0496 .57

HorizontalEllipse Squareedgew/headwall .0100 2.0 .0398 .67
Concrete
Grooveendw/headwall .0018 2.5 .0292 .74
Grooveendprojecting .0045 2.0 .0317 .69
VerticalEllipse Squareedgew/headwall .0100 2.0 .0398 .67
Concrete
Grooveendw/headwall .0018 2.5 .0292 .74
Grooveendprojecting .0095 2.0 .0317 .69
PipeArch, 90degheadwall .0083 2.0 .0379 .69
18CornerRadiusCM
Miteredtoslope .0300 1.0 .0463 .75
Projecting .0340 1.5 .0496 .57
Projecting .0300 1.5 .0496 .57
NoBevels .0088 2.0 .0368 .68
33.7degBevels .0030 2.0 .0269 .77
PipeArch, Projecting .0300 1.5 .0496 .57
31CornerRadiusCM
NoBevels .0088 2.0 .0368 .68
33.7degBevels .0030 2.0 .0269 .77
ArchCM 90degheadwall .0083 2.0 .0379 .69
Miteredtoslope .0300 1.0 .0463 .75
Thinwallprojecting .0340 1.5 .0496 .57
Circular Smoothtaperedinletthroat .534 .555 .0196 .90
Roughtaperedinletthroat .519 .64 .0210 .90
EllipticalInletFace Taperedinletbevelededges .536 .622 .0368 .83
Taperedinletsquareedges .5035 .719 .0478 .80
Taperedinletthinedgeprojecting .547 .80 .0598 .75
Rectangular Taperedinletthroat .475 .667 .0179 .97
RectangularConcrete Sidetaperedlessfavorableedges .56 .667 .0446 .85
Sidetaperedmorefavorableedges .56 .667 .0378 .87
Slopetaperedlessfavorableedges .50 .667 .0446 .65
Slopetaperedmorefavorableedges .50 .667 .0378 .71

RationalMethod/ModifiedRationalMethodRunoffCoefficients(C)

Categorizedbysurface C
forested 0.0590.2
asphalt 0.70.95
brick 0.70.85
concrete 0.80.95
shingleroof 0.750.95
lawns,welldrained(sandysoil),upto2%slope 0.050.1
lawns,welldrained(sandysoil),2%to78%slope 0.100.15
lawns,welldrained(sandysoil),over7%slope 0.150.2
lawns,poordrainage(claysoil),upto2%slope 0.130.17
lawns,poordrainage(claysoil),2%to7%slope 0.180.22
lawns,poordrainage(claysoil),over7%slope 0.250.35
driveways,walkways 0.750.85
Categorizedbyuse
farmland 0.050.3
pasture 0.050.3
unimproved 0.10.3
parks 0.10.25
cemeteries 0.10.25
railroadyard 0.20.40
playgrounds(exceptasphaltorconcrete) 0.20.35
businessdistricts,neighborhood 0.50.7
businessdistricts,city(downtown) 0.70.95
residential,singlefamily 0.30.5
residential,multiplexes,detached 0.40.6

residential,multiplexes,attached 0.60.75
residential,suburban 0.250.4
residential,apartments,condominiums 0.50.7
industrial,light 0.50.8
industrial,heavy 0.60.9

IssardFormulaforOverlandFlowTimeofConcentration(Tc)

RetardanceCoefficient(Cr)

Typeofsurface Cr
smoothasphalt 0.007
concretepavement 0.012
tar&gravelpavement(chipseal) 0.017
closelyclippedlawn 0.046
densebluegrassturf 0.060

ModifiedRationalMethod,TypicalValuesofInfiltrationRates,(F),inches/hour

Description Soilgroupsymbol Infiltration,F,

in/hr
Sandandgravelmixture GW,GP,SW,SP 0.81.0
Siltygravelsandsiltysandsto GM,SM,ML,MH,OL 0.30.6
inorganicsilt,andwell
developedloams
Siltyclaysandtosandyclay SC,CL 0.20.3
Clays,inorganicandorganic CH,OH 0.10.2
Barerock,nothighlyfractured 0.00.1