Math Rules

Factorisation:
For factorising a Quadratic Equation by
Formula:
( b) (b)24 ( a ) (c)
X=
2(a)

Trignometry:
Pythagoras Theorem:
A 2=B2 +C 2 B 2= A2C 2 C2 =A 2B2

B A

C
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Trignometry of a right angled Triangle:

Opposite
SOH :Sin=
Hypotenuse

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 Adjacent
CAH :Cos=
Hypotenuse

Opposite
TOA :Tan=
Adjacent

Examples on Sine rule:

The Sine rule:
1) Find X:
A,B5 & C Xare angles
=
A,b &c
sin(28) are sides
sin (100)

The
X = Sine Rule is used when:
5 sin (100)
sin (28)
You are given ONE SIDE and TWO
ANGLES, to find the missing side
X =10.5 cm
You are given TWO SIDES and ONE
ANGLE which is not between the two
2) sides,
Find to : find the missing angle.
12.5 10.5
=
Sin sin (32)
a b c
= =
SinA Sinb SinC

sin ( 32 ) 12.5
Sin=
2

10.5
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=Si n
1
( sin ( 3210.5) 12.5 )
=39.1

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 The Cosine Rule:
A,B & C are angles
A,b & c are sides
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The Cosine Rule is used when:

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 You are given TWO SIDES and ONE
ANGLE which is between the two sides,
to get the side opposite to the angle.
You are given THREE SIDES, to find
any angle.

a2=b2 +c 22 ( b ) ( c ) (Cos)

b=a2 +c 22 ( a ) ( c ) (Cos)
Examples on the Cosine Rule:
1) Find X:
c 2=b 2 22
X 2=8 122(2
+ a+2 b ) ( a( 8) (Cos)
)( 12 ) (cos 100)

X =240.25

X =15.5 cm

2) Find
:

2 2 2
17 =10 +12 2 ( 10 ) ( 12 ) (cos )

289=244240 ( Cos )

289+240 ( Cos )=244

4

240 ( Cos )=244289

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240 ( Cos )=45

45
Cos=
240

=cos1 ( 45
240 )

=100.8

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 Sine Rule of the Area of a triangle:
A,B & C are angles
A,b & c are sides

This Rule is used when:

You are given TWO SIDES and ONE
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ANGLE which is between the two

sides.
1
Area= b c SinA
2
1
Area= b a SinC
2

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 1
Area= a c SinB
2

Examples on the Sine Rule of Area:

Find the area of this shape:

Area= ( 12 120 40 sin(120))+( 12 20 80 sin(100))

Sine Curve Rule:
Area=2866.31m 2

Sin=sin(180)

Examples:
sin 100=sin 80
sin 74=sin 106
Example on Sine Curve rule:
And so on
Calculate angle given that it is obtuse.

12 10
=
Sin sin 40
6

12 sin 40
Sin=
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10

=sin1 ( 12 sin
10
40
)
=50.47 which is obtuse. We have to find the other
angle which has the same sine.
18050.47 =129.5
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 Back Bearing:
If the bearing of B from A is , then the
bearing of A from B {Back Bearing} is:
+180 ( if is less than 180 )

180 (if is more than 180)

Co-ordinate Geometry and straight lines:

To calculate the distance between two
given points:
Distance= ( X X ) +(Y Y )
2 2
2 1 2 1

To calculate the Co-ordinates of the mid-

point between two given points:
( X +2 X , Y +2 Y )
1 2 1 2

To calculate the gradient of a straight

line:
we must have two points on the line
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(X1,Y1) and (X2,Y2)

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the gradient (m) is:

Y 2Y 1
m=
X 2 X 1

Matrices:
|M |
Multiplication of two Matrices :

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 (CA BD)( 13 24)=(CA 1+1+DB 33 A 2+B 4
C 2+ D 4 )

Determinant of a Matrix:
M= A
C ( )
B |M |=AD BC
D

Multiplicative Inverse of a Matrix (M-1):

B |M |=AD BC M 1= 1 D B
M= A
C ( D ) |M | C A ( )
NOTE: M x M-1 = Identity Martix
Any matrix multiplied by its multiplicative
inverse will give you the identity matrix which

is: (10 01)

Variations:
Direct proportion equation:
Y =K ( X )

Y and X are the two variables and K is the

constant of variation which you will be
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given information to find.

Indirect proportion equation:

K
Y=
X

Polygons:

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 To calculate the sum of interior angles of
a regular polygon:
(n2) 180

Where n is the number of sides in the

polygon.

To calculate one interior angle of a

regular polygon:
( n2 ) 180
n

To calculate the one exterior angle of a

regular polygon:
360
n

Note: the sum of exterior angles of any

polygon is always 360.
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