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Contents

Acknowledgements .................................................................................................................................................... i

(01 ) INTRODUCTION

o Introduction ............................................................................................................................... 2
o Geographical Location ....................................................................................................... 4
o Art and culture ......................................................................................................................... 4
o Brief about the Climate ........................................................................................................... 6
o Why this Project? ...................................................................................................................... 7

(02) PROJECT BRIEF.

o The Clients Brief ....................................................................................................................... 9


o Aims and Objective of the Project.............................................................................................. 9
o Scope of the Project ................................................................................................................ 10
o Site Location ............................................................................................................................. 11

(03) CASE STUDY

o Chokhi Dhani, Jaipur. ................................................................................................................. 13


o The Bay Island Hotel, Andaman Island .................................................................................. 17

(04) LITERATURE REVIEW

o Space Activities and their Requirements................................................................................ 21


o Building Byelaws of Kerala....................................................................................................... 36

(05) SITE ANALYSIS

o Site Potential. ........................................................................................................................... 47


o On Site Factors ....................................................................................................................... 47
o Activity Zoning ......................................................................................................................... 50
(06) CLIMATE ANALYSIS

o Wind Wheel ................................................................................................................................ 52


o Sun Path Diagram.................................................................................................................... 53
o Temperature Range .................................................................................................................. 54
o Wind velocity Range................................................................................................................. 54
o Illumination Range .................................................................................................................... 55
o Weather Data Summary.......................................................................................................... 55

(07) DESIGN METHODOLOGY

o Design Methodology.................................................................................................................. 56
o Space relationship for guest .................................................................................................. 57
o Space relationship for Front Office ........................................................................................ 58
o Functional relationship between Spaces .............................................................................. 59
o Illumination Range .................................................................................................................... 55
o Weather Data Summary.......................................................................................................... 55

(08) DESIGN CONCEPT AND DEVELOPMENT

o Space area requirement ........................................................................................................... 61


o Conceptual Site Zoning............................................................................................................ 66
o Individual Spaces...................................................................................................................... 66
o Spiral Solaris ............................................................................................................................ 67
o Central block ............................................................................................................................. 67
o Cottages ................................................................................................................................... 70
o Suites ........................................................................................................................................ 71
o Ayurvedic centre and Sauna ................................................................................................... 72
o Yoga and Meditation block ...................................................................................................... 72
o Amphitheatre ........................................................................................................................... 73
o Landscaping .............................................................................................................................. 73
o Parking....................................................................................................................................... 74
o Energy Consideration for Design ............................................................................................ 75
(09) DESIGN DRAWINGS

o Site plan .................................................................................................................................... a


o Central block ............................................................................................................................. b
o Suites and Sauna block ........................................................................................................... c
o Cottages ................................................................................................................................... d
o Meditation Centre and Yoga Block......................................................................................... e
o 3 D Views ................................................................................................................................... f

(10) LIST OF REFERENCES

o Bibliography ............................................................................................................................... 82
INDIAN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY KHARAGPUR

Department of Architecture and Regional Planning

04 May 2009

I hereby recommend that the Project prepared under my supervision by

Neeraj Sethi entitled Design of Tourist Resort at Alleppey, Kerala be

accepted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of

Bachelor of Architecture (Hons).

... ...
Prof. Saikat Paul Prof.(Dr.) Arif N Merchant
Project Supervisor Head of the Department

.
Approved Approved
External Examiner I External Examiner II
Tourist resort at
Alleppey, Kerala.

This thesis has been submitted in partial fulfillment of the


requirements for the degree of

Bachelor of Architecture

By

Neeraj Sethi
Roll No. 04AR1015

Under the guidance of Prof. S. Paul

DEPARTMENT OF ARCHITECTURE AND REGIONAL PLANNING


INDIAN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
KHARAGPUR-721302
WEST BENGAL, INDIA

MAY, 2009
Chapter 1

INTRODUCTION

Beach Resort at Alleppey, Kerala. 1


INTRODUCTION

When we talk about architecture we


imagine a whole new world of varied ideas,
concepts, innovation, functions etc. Architecture
for leisure is an entirely different ball game, and
the mere mention of the word resort evokes an
image of architectural fantasy, romantic
environments, in nature feeling, the trees, the
water bodies, those small walkways for all the lazy strolls and a sense of luxury all
around. In the minds of the perceiver expectation are bouncing a dramatized faade,
functional aesthetics, playful spaces, viewing decks, panoramic views and the most
important thing without which entire setup has no meaning is the articulated
landscaped external environment. So it is very true when we say that one of the most
effective adaptations of the modern architecture to the site and the region, climate
and functions are to be found among the resort and its setup.

A resort is identified by the environment,


particular activities which it encourages or
promotes the social groups it caters to, for
example, Resort town, Beach resorts, Golf
resorts, Luxury resorts, Megaresort, Seaside
resort, spa resort, Ski resort, Health resorts,
desert resorts, cultural resorts.

Resorts are usually designed in such a manner as to create outdoor spaces


and optimized views to the guest rooms and public areas. It also sometimes makes use
of traditional pattern of art and architecture with an emphasis of local architecture
and at the same time use of high end technology and infrastructure.
Role of an Architect is to move in a direction away from the constrained
architecture and give direction to their creativity in design for leisure by making full use
of their resources, capitalizing on the available resources on splendid site abundant in
natural beauty, and taking inspiration from the traditional architectural style in terms
of classical features or elements such as roof profile, wooden column, passive ways of
cooling, surface texture, etc and make use of local building to make it compatible with
the architectural expression of the building in a symbolic way.

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However great care must be taken care in developing new resorts to make sure
it respects the sensitivity of their physical site, make use of traditional cultural
heritage of their region and stand sound in fulfilling the requirements of different types
of users. One thing should be taken care that it should be designed in such a way that
it can deliver services that meets or exceeds the expectations of the guest and at the
Same time proves economical in its running by making it energy efficient with the use of
passive ways of cooling, building orientation, and ensuring natural ventilation.

KERALA- GODS OWN COUNTRY.

The name Kerala has an uncertain etymology. Keralam may stem from the
Classical Tamil chera-alam ("declivity of a hill or a mountain slope") or chera alam
("Land of the Cheras"). Kerala may represent an imperfect Malayalam portmanteau
fusing kera ("coconut palm tree") and alam ("land" or "location").Natives of Kerala,
known as Malayalis or Keralites, refer to their land as Keralam.

Kerala, the land of rivers and backwaters


is a green strip of land, in the South West corner
of Indian peninsula. Kerala is a state with full
literacy, Higher Health care and lower mortality
ratio. In Kerala you experience freshness and
touch of mother earth everywhere. No wonder
Keralites call their State "God's Own Country".

The backwaters of Kerala are unique attraction to tourists. The biggest among
these backwaters is the Vembanad lake, with an area of 200 sq km, which opens out
into the Arabian Sea at Cochin port. Backwaters, historical structures, culture,
wildlife, and natural beauty, the state has all these and more.

The major tourist destinations in the State include Thiruvananthapuram, Kochi,


Kovalam, Thrissur, Kozhikode, Munnar, Palakkad, Alappuzha (Alleppy), Kollam, Kannur,
Periyar Wildlife Sanctuary, and Sabrimalai.

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GEOGRAPHICAL LOCATION

Geographical Kerala is located in the southwestern tip of the Indian peninsula


and extends between the latitude 1000 North and longitude 7625 East. Kerala is
bound by the Arabian Sea on the west, Karnataka on the North and Northeast, and
Tamil Nadu on the east. The Malabar Coast of India is the site of Kerala location.
Geographical Kerala is a part of the coastal belt with the hill ranges known as the
Western Ghats running along the length of Kerala. Rain bearing clouds of the South
west monsoon bring heavy rainfall to geographical Kerala during the months May to
September. Tropical rainfall occurs often during the year. Geographical Kerala is a
tropical region, with weather being pleasant for most of the year. Humidity increases
during the monsoon season. Kerala location gives it its unique climatic and geographic
features.
Kerala has a coastal belt with sandy beaches and palm lined shores. The
seaside Keralas location makes it a pleasant holiday destination, with sunny beaches
and serene backwaters. The hill ranges of Kerala have hill stations, wildlife sanctuaries,
tea estates and spice plantations. Geographical Kerala exhibits diversity in climate
within the compact Kerala location on the Malabar Coast of India.

ART AND CULTURE

Kerala also known as the 'God in God's Own Country' boast of physical and
natural attributes that attract a lot of tourists every year from India as well as
abroad. Besides the physical beauty, Kerala has a rich cultural heritage, which
fascinates the tourists a lot. The art and culture of Kerala portrays various dance
forms and martial arts performed with the accompaniment of vocal and instrumental
music. All these art forms are performed during some celebration or festivity.
Bharata Natyam is the oldest form of
classical dance in India. Origin of this style of dance
can be traced to the Natya Sastra written around
4000 BC by sage Bharatha. Known as the 'Poetry in
Motion', this dance form was originally known as
'dasi attam,' a temple dance performed by young
women called 'devadasis.' Bharata Natyam is most commonly performed by women

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rarely by men. Strict guidelines are laid down describing every single aspect of the
dance form including the attributes required to be an accomplished dancer.
Chakyarkoothu, also called koothu, is one of the oldest classical theatre arts of
Kerala. It is a solo dance is usually performed in the koothambalam of temples to the
accompaniment of the mizhavu and elathalam. The performance starts with the
invocation of the presiding deity of the temple. The narration of the story, generally
picked from the Epics, is portrayed with the thandava dance movements, gestures and
facial expression according to the guidelines given in the Natya Sastra. Koothu is
marked for the presence of comic element, which adds to its dramatic character. The
costume worn during the performance is colorful and unconventional with an unusual
headgear.
Kathakakli is the classical dance drama of
Kerala based on the guidelines laid in the Natya
Sastra. This elaborate art form is usually begins in
the evenings and continues till dawn. It is an inherent
part of all temple and cultural festivals in Kerala. The
costumes and makeup are ornamental, colorful and
elaborate so that the gestures and expressions of the performer are easily seen and
understood. The performers do not speak or sing but enact the story through hand
gestures, graceful body movements and facial expressions especially of the eyes. The
themes of this dance form are from rich and vibrant mythology of Indian culture. Music
is an essential feature of Kathakali and two vocalists are there who sing to the beats
of a Chengila (gong), Elathalam (small cymbals), Chenda and Maddalam.
Mohiniyattam is a classical solo dance style, which is a blend of the grace and
elegance of Bharata Natyam with the strength and force of Kathakali to build a mood
of sringara or romance. The dance is usually performed on specially made stages during
the temple festivals. The costume for the dance is the traditional white mundu and
melmundu of Kerala and with the hairs gathered up at one side of the head and
adorned with jasmine flowers in the traditional style.
Kalampattu or Kalamezhuthu Pattu is a folk art form that is practiced in the
northern parts of Kerala. More than 600 years old art form, it is performed by a group
of five to fifteen people in the Bhadrakali and Ayyappa temples. The ritual is performed
around the Kolam, which is an elaborate picture usually of Bhadrakali drawn on the
floor with the use five colors. The dance is performed in the light of temple torches

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continue all through the night. A series of songs or kalampattu are sung to the
accompaniment of nanthuni and elathalams.
Kaliyoottu is an eight daylong folk ritual, which depicts the combat between
goddess Durga and the demon Darika. The ritual is performed at various stages and
the climax of the play is called Paranettu. This ritual is performed on a specially
constructed 100 feet high stage on the eighth day.
Kavadiyattam is a ritualistic dance form performed by a group of devotees
wearing bright yellow or saffron costumes with ash smeared all over the body. The
dance depicts Kavads carrying kavadis on their shoulders. The beats of instruments
like udukku and chenda and the nadaswaram are integral part of the kavadi procession.
It is usually performed in the Subramanya temples.
Kalaripayattu is the complete system of
martial arts of Kerala. It is considered as one of
the oldest and most scientific martial arts in the
world. The training of Kalaripayattu aims at the
perfect co-ordination of body and mind and the
trad itional training in a Kalari include
specialization in the indigenous medical practices
too. Kalaris are also centers of religious worship.
Velkali is one of the most detailed and dramatic martial folk arts of Kerala and
is usually performed within the temple premises. It is called thirumumbil vela when
performed before the deity and kulathilvela when performed near the temple pond. Fifty
or more performers dressed in the traditional attire of soldiers, bearing colorful shields
and swords or long canes, dance in war like rhythm in perfect beat of the thakil, suddha
maddalam, elathalam, kuzhal and trumpets. A few fighting techniques of Kalaripayattu
are also presented in the course of the performance.

BRIEF ABOUT THE CLIMATE

Kerala has tropical Climate and remains


pleasant for most of the year. A few fast facts about
the climate are that Kerala does not have a dry spell as
is in rest of India. It is summer time from April to June.
The maximum temperature

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remains around 33 degrees centigrade. The South West Monsoon touches the state in
June and remains till September however not much difference in temperature can be
felt, though humidity increases and rainfall can last for a couple of days at a stretch.
Winter is from October to January and temperature drops a bit.

BRIEF ABOUT THE TEMPERATURE.

The maximum temperature in Kerala rarely rises above 32 degrees while


minimum temperature at sea level does not go below 20 degree centigrade. The
weather is never too chilly in Kerala. Average temp is about 30 - 35 throughout the
year.

WHY THIS PROJECT?

With the increase in tourist flux in different parts of Kerala and specially
Alleppey which in reality lacks destinations to support tourism demand.
Kerala tourism development corporation or KTDC wanted to come up a
landmark destination which itself can be a part of tourism and helps in this
regards.
The project provides a lot of scope for site planning and landscaping. A
resort gives an equal importance to outdoor spaces as the interiors.
The project provides an outlet to study the local architecture: an exercise
in the evolution of an architectural vocabulary which takes the inspiration
from the local and architecture, keeping in mind of the climatic factors,
behavioral pattern and the user attitude.
It also provides the opportunity to study the local culture and heritage.
A resort demands the formulation of an ambience which can provide people
to relax and leisurely spend their time , at the same time satisfying all their
functional needs. Thus, this project gives the opportunity to deal with the
visual, behavioral, technical, and functional aspect of the design.
With the increase in level of income and dual income in the family, people are
frequently enjoying vacations and seeking of some quality spaces around
which Alapuzzha lacks.
Also anyone going for tour of Kerala, either starts or end his journey in
Alleppey so duration of time spend is more as compare to other places.

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Chapter 2

PROJECT BRIEF.

Beach Resort at Alleppey, Kerala. 8


PROJECT BRIFF

THE CLIENTS BRIEF.

To promote tourism in Gods Own Land, the Kerala tourism


development corporation or KTDC starting a chain orhotels and resorts in all the prime
tourist destinations (Allepey, Kottayam, Kannur, Thisaaur, Munnar, Kumarakom,
Kovalam, .. and many more. The client brief was to design a resort which can
attaract people as a holiday and business meeting destination and yet promote
Keralas rich and diverse culture heritage. Further it was desired that the proposed
beach resort should maximize the residents exposure to nature by incorporating it in
the architectural proposal.
A spacious lobby with a reception area, with a display area to exhibition of local
art and crafts.
One restaurant with bar, a specialty restaurant serving seafood cuisine.
Recreational areas like swimming pool, meditation centre, yoga room, multi gym,
aerobics, games rooms to be integrated intelligently in the design.
Meeting rooms and banquet hall with some spill over space into garden.
Designing of Back-of-house area for activities of kitchen area, employees area,
laundry, and housekeeping.
Parking for visitors, and for business class people.

Uniqueness in design and infusion of elements of vernacular architecture of


Kerala in the design of Cottages. It can deliver services that meets or exceeds the
expectations of the guest and at the same time proves economical in its running by
making it energy efficient with the use of passive ways of cooling, building orientation,
and ensuring natural ventilation.

AIMS AND OBJECTIVES OF THE PROJECT.

To promote local culture, heritage and architecture through careful design.


To create spaces which can suffice all needs related to leisure and tourism.
Comfortable Cottages which portrays an environment of leisure and promotes
interaction with nature.
Cost effective and functional design.

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The spaces and design should relate to human scale and shall not be imposing
to the residents.
Places which can serve for dual purpose like having vacations on business tours.

SCOPE OF THE PROJECT

Data collection on spaces essential in resort- area requirement and other


conditions.
To study the architecture prevalent in Kerala and its local character and
characteristic elements of design.
Site planning with special emphasis on the design on outdoor spaces land and
water interface.
Providing design solution considering the building functions and its relation with
the climate and environment.
Detailing of individual buildings.
The feasibility of the project is not in the scope.
Cost analysis and management is also out of the scope of this project.
3D forms of individual buildings.
Furniture layout of the cottage rooms.

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SITE LOCATION

Site is located in CCSB road on one side and national highway 47, near Alleppey
watch tower. It is at a distance of 5 km from railway station.

LANDMARKS IN VICINITY.
Vijay Park on North West side of the site. Alleppeys light tower is on East side
of the site on CCBC road. National highway 47 is on west side of site. An old warehouse
is on southwest side of the site. An old railway track is passing from the east side of
the site.

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Chapter 3

CASE STUDY.

Beach Resort at Alleppey, Kerala. 12


CASE STUDY

CHOKI DHANI JAIPUR

The site is on the outskirts of Jaipur, 22 km from


Jaipur railway station along Tonk road (National
Highway no 12). It covers an area of eighteen
acres, of which 5 acres of land is earmarked for
future projects. It has been divided into two parts:
the first is meant for the resort (for tourist stay)
while the other caters to the needs of day to day
visitors.
This project was conceived by Prof Chinmay Mehta, an artist-designer and also
the deam , faculty of fine arts, University of Rajasthan, Jaipur. He made three
dimensional sketches in lieu of the architectural drawings, plans, etc, to visualize the
idea.

CONCEPTUAL SKETCH VIEW AFTER EXECUTION.

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The resort consists of about 30 hut
shaped house while Eight rooms of the
nearby Shekhawati haveli have modern
facilities. The reception hall (kotari) has
a mud plastered floor and bamboo net
ceiling with paintings. Mandali or the
conference hall has elegantly carved
munshiji desks, mattresses and masnads (round cylindrical pillows). The banquet hall
(sajjan goth) can accommodate hundred persons at a time for a casual group meal or
a formal feast. Slightly descending from ground level is a square shaped cocktail bar
(bakhari) with its machan on the second floor. It has four decorated underground
spaces made of wood and bamboo. A traditional kund- a large rectangular shaped pool
with umbrellas at the corners serves as a
swimming pool. There is also a health club. A
cluster of huts encircle the centrally
erected restaurant and a banquet hall, with
streets on both sides leading towards the
haveli. The open space near the kund
becomes a dinning space for parties. Adjacent to the Ganesh temple is the
kabootarkhana (pigeon house) where pigeons assemble in thousands.
The other part meant for day to day visitors, consists of a large octagonal hut
(sangria) attached to the, sangari. Is the spacious kitchen where Rajasthan cooks
prepare food in the traditional style. The open field overlooking the sangari has a
chaupal a congregational area, on one side and a museum ( ajaebghar ) on the
other .in the evening the whole village is illuminated with about 2000 lanterns . A
village fair is organized daily with different entertainers who give a variety of
performances.

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ADMINISTRATIVE BLOCK PLAN RECEPTION

SECTION NOHRA PLAN NOHRA

PLAN CIRCULAR HUT. ELEVATION CIRCULAR HUT

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PLAN RECANGULAR HUT. ELEVATION RECTANGULAR HUT

The foundations have been generally filled with stones and walls built with stone
or brick. The straight lines of the walls have been broken and rounded before a thin
plaster of cement is put and then treated with a combination of mud, cowdung and
husk by the village women from the neighboring areas. The roofs, wherever air
conditioning was not planned have been erected with iron pipes and purlins which are
covered with bamboo net and terracotta tiles(keloos), brought from different parts of
the region .
In the resorts, the hut roofs are sloping with cement concrete RCC work
covered with terracotta tiles or thatch. The hut structures are provided with windows
and door at times with aaliyas covered with built in spaces for deepaks (terracotta
lamps)in different shapes. The walls are decorated with relief murals , created with
brick motifs and relief work designed with thick cement plaster in tempera , mainly with
clay colours -geru( indian red), pilli mithi (ochre) and shaped mitti (white clay) . The
layout design has village temples, devaras, brick jalis and wooden enclosures. Bamboos
have been used extensively to integrate one structure with another thus creating
harmony. The architects have utilized local materials and manpower for the
construction.

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BANQUET HALL. VIEW OF BANQUET HALL

BAY ISLAND HOTEL, ANDAMAN ISLAND.

Port Blair, with its deep-blue water


harbour is the main town of the Andaman
Islands which lie to the south-west of Rangoon
in the Bay of Bengal. The islands are inhabited
by a number of different tribes, many of whom
have had little contact with the outside world.
The Andamans are a world of primordial beauty, of whales and robber crabs; a
throwback to the time and voyages of Charles Darwin.
The site for the hotel slopes down to the sea from which there is a prevailing
breeze. In many parts of India one finds structures which are extraordinarily inventive
in their response to prevailing breezes and light. For instance, in the one-thousand year
old Pad-manabhapuram Palace, built in the hot-humid climate of Southern India, the
royal pavilion floor is built as a stepped pyramid covered by a tiled pitched roof. This
configuration has two advantages; it does not need any enclosing walls to keep out the
sun and rain, and from within the pavilion the line of vision is both unobstructed and
deflected downwards to the cool grass around the building.
This principle helped generate the design
of the Bay Island Hotel. Built up of a series of
spaces which overlook grassy land and the sea,
the buildings are arranged around courtyards
connected by covered corridors. The public areas
form a series of decks, cascading down the hill,
protected from sun and rain by the large overhanging roofs a major feature of the

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scheme. The roofs are constructed of a local redwood known as padauk. The guest
rooms are in clusters of twelve arranged in an L-shape on two levels, giving each room a
view of the waters.
The lightweight furnishings with their playful imagery were designed by the
architects. The murals were executed by Bhiwandkar, the film-poster painter who was
also responsible for the paintings in the Cidade de Goa project.
The hotel can accommodate a total of 100 guests in 50 rooms with space for
expansion. The project was commissioned by Mr. Caseem Jadwet and the Indian
Tourism Corporation (ITC) in 1979 and construction completed in 1982.

PLANS

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SECTION

VIEWS

Guest room arranged around walkway. Stairs to guest room.

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Entrance to guest room Zone. Viewing decks for public overhanging
x the water.

View from the east.

View from Sundeck.

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Chapter 4

LITERATURE REVIEW.

Beach Resort at Alleppey, Kerala. 21


LITERATURE REVIEW

SPACE ACTIVITIES AND THEIR REQUIRMENTS.

INTRODUCTION
The purpose of the literature review is to determine the activities of the user groups,
their relationships with, and important characteristics of, a convention center hotel or
resort facility. The analysis will focus on two basic user groups; the guest and employee
staff. It will further examine human behavior within the activities, thus establishing the
needs for each space requirement containing such activities.
The hotel/resort should accommodate a wide variety of users. The hotel facility
should accommodate the guest. Guests may consist of the tourists (which includes
the family as well) and conventioneers equally. The hotel will cater to the conventioning
guest. The emphasis is that separate activities should co-exist without interfering
with another, therefore the activities should be well synchronized.
Specific activity descriptions are analyzed separately according to three
primary categories; Primary activities, Secondary activities, and Requirements to fulfill
activities. The user group objectives identify the primary objectives the user is striving
to achieve while being a participant in a specific activity. The related activities identify
other activities that may occur simultaneously and are considered secondary to the
primary activity. The requirements specifications identify key issues which the designer
should be aware of in planning and designing spaces for a particular activity and
convention hotel facility.
The following pages will contain the specific activity analysis which are listed in
order of the participants utilization. These activities will be listed as "Front of the
House" and "Back of the House" activities.

FRONT OF THE HOUSE

PRIMARY ACTIVITY A~ARRIVAL-DEPARTURE/OUTDOOR


This activity is considered to be a public activity. Guests expect assistance with their
transportation and luggage upon arrival at larger hotel facilities. This procedure must
take a minimum amount of time to complete for the guest's convenience. Providing
quality service to the guest is the hotel's main objective. Transportation and luggage
retrieval assistance are necessary in providing service to guests. Certain impressions
and opinions about the type of hotel may be implied as one arrives at the Hotels

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LITERATURE REVIEW
entrance.

SECONDARY ACTIVITIES
1. Hotel guests release the responsibility of securing and parking the vehicle to hotel
employees (such as Valet).
2. Hotel guests are assisted with their luggage by hotel employees (such as doormen
and porters).

ACTIVITY REQUIREMENTS
Something more protective than a canopy is needed to provide shelter from the wind
and rain and heat, thus a protected entry to the hotel should be provided. Adequate
space should be provided for guest assistance. Also, provisions should be made for the
loading and passage of 2 to 3 vehicles. The use of curbs should be minimized at the
entrance to allow for maximum ease in walking or transport of luggage. Special lighting
may be required to accentuate the entrance. The space should be easily accessible to
the indoor reception activities, vertical circulation areas, and within close proximity
(visual/physical) to parking areas.

PRIMARY ACTIVITY BARRIVAL/INDOOR


This activity is considered to be a semi-public activity. Upon entering the hotel
facility the guests may register, provide credit, pay the cashier, receive their key,
receive their mail, or make any arrangements necessary for future accommodations.
After completion of registration procedures, guests may require hotel staff
assistance with baggage and accessories to guest accommodations. Again, the
guest's impressions and opinions may be associated by the environment they enter
and the service they receive.

SECONDARY ACTIVITIES

Registration (as required).


Payment of services.
Receive keys, mail, or messages.
Bellman assistance with luggage.

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LITERATURE REVIEW
ACTIVITY REQUIREMENTS
Indoor arrival activities and guest assistance activities should be in close proximity to
the hotels arrival/entry, because the reception area is used not only to register, but as
a passageway to circulation paths and other activity areas of the hotel as well as an
information center. All public entrances must be accessible to disabled persons.
Adequate space should be provided for registration, bellman assistance, or any other
simultaneous activities which may occur. Good supervision and control by the
reception staff should be provided. Additional space should be provided for
registration, both present and future, cashiering, or mail/message service. Indoor
activities should provide adjacent waiting, and lounging activities including dining and
recreation.

PRIMARY ACTIVITY CGUEST ACCOMMODATIONS


This activity is considered to be a private activity. The most important part of a hotel,
and the one most likely for a guest to decide whether to return, is bedroom
accommodation. The comfort and quietness, the efficiency of the room service and how
much the guest feels at home will be crucial to the hotels reputation. The regulation of
the guest's privacy is responsive to ones own needs and circumstances. Different
levels of privacy are required by different people, thus the hotel needs to provide for
each individuals need for privacy.

SECONDARY ACTIVITIES
Relaxation/Lounging
Dressing
Sleeping
Personal hygiene
Interpersonal gatherings/Meetings
Dining

ACTIVITY REQUIREMENTS
Because the guest accommodations may determine whether or not a guest returns,
an aesthetically pleasing, as well as a secure, environment must be provided. Adequate
space should be allowed for sleeping, dressing, personal hygiene, and interpersonal
gatherings. The suites in the hotel contain bedrooms which can be separated for

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individual use. Since guest rooms serve daytime business purposes, they were planned
to function as living rooms. Outdoor views should also be provided so guests do not feel
confined. In El Paso, a view of the beautiful Franklin Mountains to the north, and the
downtown core and plaza areas to the south, would provide the guests with that
openness. Other activity areas which should be in close proximity to housing include
entry, waiting, vertical circulation, dining, recreation, and additional hotel-related
activities (public-private).

PRIMARY ACTIVITY D~DINING


This activity is considered to be a semi-public activity. The hotel facility must provide
for the guests' physical needs, including ones food. It is established and regulated at
semi-private levels. Some successful caterers and hoteliers recognize the fact that
interior design is the main component, and is the most important element in enjoyment
of a meal, closely followed by the sensitivity and skill of service. Customer acceptance
of standard foods or drinks will vary enormously with variations in these two elements.
Also a choice of atmosphere, menu, and service within an establishment generates
more custom. Activities occurring simultaneously with dining include social/business
conversation and relaxation.

SECONDARY ACTIVITIES
Dining
Socializing/gatherings
Relaxation
Business conversations

ACTIVITY REQUIREMENTS
Dining is a practical activity as well as a revenue-raising activity in a hotel. The hotel
facility needs both leisurely and fast-food type dining. These two types of spaces would
be separated, and be required to serve several meals each day. Additionally, the areas
should enhance the dining experience, encouraging social interaction and relaxation,
with use of lighting and special decor. The dining room is usually open to nonresidents
so there should be a convenient entrance from outside the hotel in addition to direct

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access for resident guests. In addition, most larger hotels have several dining rooms
which may be strategically placed on different floor levels throughout the hotel facility,
including general restaurants, specialty restaurants, and buffet bars. Dining activities
would also be provided, including convention and banquet dining. In each case, the dining
room requires adjacent proximity to the food preparation, and close proximity to
service and waiting areas.

PRIMARY ACTIVITY EENTERTAINMENT


This activity is considered to be a semi-public activity. The activity is mainly a social
activity, and one that will involve social contact between participants. Participants
may include conventioneers and hotel guests, as well as local residents. The
entertainment area may be used for interpersonal gatherings or in preparation for
additional activities.

SECONDARY ACTIVITIES
Drinking
Relaxing
Light Dining
Dancing
Socializing
Game Entertainment

ACTIVITY REQUIREMENTS
It is important to consider the contribution of aesthetic quality to the housed
activity. Atmosphere in the area should be conducive to the activities such as drinking,
relaxing, dancing, socializing, etc. The hotel must provide a conducive aesthetic quality,
inviting participants, creating a revenue-raising area for the facility. Adequate space is
needed to allow for the entertainment activities, as well as preparation and serving of
drinks or limited foods. Ballroom facilities may be provided to allow for professional
entertainment. Easy and direct access to these areas is very important. The areas
should be in close proximity to circulation paths, and additional entrances should be
provided to allow for public access. Noise levels should not interfere with adjacent and
simultaneous activities in the hotel.

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LITERATURE REVIEW

PRIMARY ACTIVITY FCONVENTIONS


This activity can be classified as semi-private to semi-public. Hotels perform a service
of major value for their communities by providing public meeting rooms. Because of the
public space provided, local as well as general activities can take place in communities
that otherwise would not be able to accommodate them. Therefore, a principal location
for conventions is the hotel. Attended by a large number of guests, conventions
include such varied activities as meetings, lectures, entertainment, social events,
presentations, displays, and special dining events.

SECONDARY ACTIVITIES
Pre-convention assembly
Meetings and conferences (large or small)
Banquet dining
Lectures and presentations
Display events
Charity affairs

ACTIVITY REQUIREMENTS
The hotel must reflect a design that will allow many varied activities, often associated
with the convention areas, to coexist: while interference of one with another is minimal
to none. The building must provide spaces that may be utilized for varied simultaneous
activities or allow enough flexibility for transformation of the same spaces to revert its
multi-use into the most money. These spaces must be acoustically sound as to provide
an efficient dispersement of sound, yet controlling/minimizing additional sound
transmission to adjacent activities. This is of primary concern since lectures and
audio-visual activities often occur. These areas need to be in close proximity to
preconvention waiting areas, entry area, and immediately adjacent to centrally located
convention service areas (such as banquet and food preparation areas).

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PRIMARY ACTIVITY GRECREATION


In todays society the consciousness of good health has become a major concern in
most people's everyday lives, including dieting, exercise programs, and a general
knowledge of physical fitness.^^ In larger hotels, areas have been provided for guests
to recreate, relax, or lounge for the purpose of their own good health. Use of outdoor
recreational activities will allow hotel guests to view the surrounding mountains and
streetscapes. Hotel guests may wish to spend their leisure time during their stay
participating in recreational activities.

SECONDARY ACTIVITIES
Indoor recreation
o Swimming
o Raquetball
o Shuffleboard
o Aerobics/Weight rooms
o Sauna/Hot-tub/Whirlpools
Outdoor recreation
o Tennis
o Swimming
o Jogging/Walking paths
Personal hygiene
Dressing
Lounging/Observation

ACTIVITY REQUIREMENTS
Recreational area access should be restricted to visitors of the hotel, but should be
easily obtainable to hotel guests throughout their stay. The hotel recreational design
should allow for maximum participation of hotel guests, while providing additional
storage facilities for equipment. Provisions must be made to minimize sound
transmission from recreational mechanical spaces as not to disrupt hotel recreational
activities. The hotel should provide personal hygiene and dressing areas for
participants. These areas should be in close proximity to recreational activities, as well
as to guest accommodations.

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PRIMARY ACTIVITY HRETAIL


This activity is considered to be a semi-public activity. The success of the hotel's
public facilities depends partly on the success of retail activities.

SECONDARY ACTIVITIES
Displays
Shopping
Leisurely walking
Social Interaction

ACTIVITY REQUIREMENTS
Adequate space is essential for the sale of merchandise and the circulation of people,
and must be easily accessible to those from the hotel. Close proximity to the hotel's
entrance as well as adjacent waiting areas should be provided. Security must be
maintained through a visual and territorial means. The areas should not interfere with
other activities and functions in the hotel. As in previous case study research it may
be noted that hotels were designed for people. The retail areas were designed for hotel
guests as well as the public. Also noteworthy is the fact in each hotel the retail spaces
provided were to be separate so as not to allow obstruction of hotel functions.

PRIMARY ACTIVITY IWAITING


This activity is primarily to be a semi-public activity. Satisfaction and comfort of hotel
guests depends partly on strategically located waiting areas in the hotel, regardless
of the hotel's size. These areas need to be in close proximity to convention activities,
as well as circulation paths. Convention center hotels will require large waiting/lobby
areas because there is a constant gathering of conventioneers before they go off to
lectures, seminars, meetings, luncheons, and dinners. These areas allow for transition
between one activity to another.

SECONDARY ACTIVITIES
Waiting
Gathering/Socializing
Reading
Observation of others

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ACTIVITY REQUIREMENTS
Hotel as well as convention guests may form impressions due to the atmosphere in the
waiting areas. "This space, more than any other, will create the first and usually the
most lasting impression. Furnishings, color, finishing materials, lighting, and decor
must create the proper ambience regardless of whether the hotel is large or small "
Although the waiting areas must be sufficient for heavy traffic and gathering of large
numbers of people, several areas for privacy and intimacy must be provided.

BACK OF THE HOUSE

PRIMARY ACTIVITY JADMINISTRATION/MANAGEMENT


This activity is considered to be semi-public to semi-private. While these activities are
related directly to guest activities, this activity is primarily separate from guest
contact. The success of a hotel facility is critically affected by efficient
administration. The administration/management is the nerve center to public and
private activities. Administration and management provides service on a daily basis.
The administration deals with guests as well as hotel customers arranging for
conventions and banquets. The administration, while providing service on a daily basis,
takes and gives information which causes the hotel to run tranquilly and efficiently. As
a result, the administration's main objective is providing guest satisfaction.

SECONDARY ACTIVITIES
Information exchange
Security (of Administration and Hotel Facility)
Credit
Auditing
Accounting
Payroll
Personnel
Filing
Reservations (present/future)
Sales/Service
Communications
Typing

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ACTIVITY REQUIREMENTS
Because many of the people in administration deal with the guests, accessibility to the
public is of utmost importance. The area itself should be inaccessible to the main public
so as not to disrupt hotel operations and management. Service should be provided
only at the registration desk, unless otherwise applicable. Because administration
works closely with management offices and other back-of-the-house areas, good
communication and close proximity to these areas is vital. An aesthetically pleasing
work environment should be provided for maximum efficiency in workloads.

PRIMARY ACTIVITY K-FOOD SERVICE


This is considered a semi-private activity. Concerned essentially with relation to food
and drink, this activity includes such general functions as preparation, service,
receiving, storage, ware-washing, and waste disposal. The chefs', waiters', and
waitresses' skills are among the most important in food preparation and service. In
addition to the standard menus provided at the hotel, often specialized cuisines are
offered (such as Italian, Mexican, or Polynesian food).

SECONDARY ACTIVITIES
Food Preparation
Food Cooking
Food Serving
Food Receiving and Storage (cold/dry)
Ware-washing
Equipment Cleaning/Maintenance

ACTIVITY REQUIREMENTS
The food service areas should be in very close proximity to dining and banquet areas.
This insures quick service to the hotel/convention guests. Food service areas should
have sufficient space for employees to work simultaneously, storage for
foodstuffs, space for equipment needed, and surface areas for working. The activities
are separate, but should work together cohesively. Food service areas should not be
accessible to guests, but only to employees, service, and receiving areas. Adequate
consideration should be given to the necessity of the efficient cleanup of the food

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preparation areas for health and safety. In addition, the design many allow for
strategically located dining facilities and should provide for adequate employee
circulation to these facilities, as well as immediate adjacencies to main food
preparation areas.

PRIMARY ACTIVITY L~HOUSEKEEPING


This activity area is a semi-private activity. A hotel's good reputation relies on its
high standards of excellent housekeeping. From the point in time a guest enters the
hotel, one's observations are directed to the neatness and cleanliness of such a hotel,
from the lobby to his room, and may determine whether or not one decides to return.
Housekeeping includes upkeep of guest accommodations, lobbies, additional public
areas, and corridors. Housekeeping services are carried out by staff employees to
assure the guests' comfort.

SECONDARY ACTIVITIES
Cleaning all guest rooms
Serving all guest rooms (towels, soap, linens, glasses, etc.)
Servicing and cleaning all public areas

ACTIVITY REQUIREMENTS
Without provisions for adequate space for housekeeping services in hotel could not be
maintained. Among these provisions, the staff must have the needed space for linens,
cleaning supplies, and cleaning equipment. The good management of the facility would
demand that these areas be located throughout the hotel. Also, guests should have
no access to these areas, while laundry, maintenance, or storage should be in close
proximity. Service circulation paths must be provided (vertically or horizontally).
Employee lounging, meeting, restroom, and locker room areas should also be
incorporated into the hotel's design.

PRIMARY ACTIVITY M~LAUNDRY


This activity is considered to be a private activity. Occurring seven days each week,
laundry activities deal with the handling of machine washable items such as towels,
linens, tablecloths, and napkins which may require washing and drying. Most larger

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hotels provide their own laundry service for cost control and quality control. Upon
occasion, a limited amount of guest laundry may be undertaken.

SECONDARY ACTIVITIES
Washing and drying of hotel laundry
Ironing/Pressing
Folding of hotel laundry
Laundering of guest apparel

ACTIVITY REQUIREMENTS

Because of the necessary equipment required to operate and facilitate laundry


operations, an efficient amount of space must be provided. Adequate work space
should also be included. Storage areas and housekeeping should be in close proximity
to allow for ease of service and transport of laundered items. Additionally, the laundry
area should be accessible only to employees, not to guests.

PRIMARY ACTIVITY NMAINTENANCE


This activity is considered to be a private activity. To insure a hotels smooth
operation maintenance areas must be provided. A well planned maintenance area will
provide a maintenance shop to service furniture, fixtures, or other items in the hotel
which may need repair. Often, repairs need immediate attention so that they do not
impose on the guests comfort. If the hotel provides an efficient maintenance activity
service, costs for repair would be quite low to what the staggering cost of new items
would be.
SECONDARY ACTIVITIES
General repairs
Maintenance/Repair of environmental systems control (HVAC,
electrical, plumbing)
Furniture repair
Painting
Fabrication

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ACTIVITY REQUIREMENTS
Because of the large variety of general maintenance requirements, a sufficient amount
of space must be provided to include work space, storage area for tools and
equipment, and space for the proper maintenance activities to be carried out. Clear
and adjacent proximity to receiving activities is essential for the ease in transport of
equipment and materials, but should remain visibly and physically secluded to public
activities.

PRIMARY ACTIVITY OSECURITY


Hotel facility security, involved at each individual level, deals with public and private
sectors of activities occurring in the hotel. The primary role of security is aiding
management in the upholding of security policies and procedures. Guests as well as
employees require protection of property regardless of the hotel's size. Along with
personal property, security also includes fire protection and life safety. The structure
itself contains security features to guard against fire (such as fire insulation and
sprinkler systems), and likewise the structure is built for personal security and other
threats (example: high winds). The security of the hotel facility gives guests and
employees confidence to be in such a facility.

SECONDARY ACTIVITIES
Security Management
Safeguard assets, both real and personal, as well as
participants of the facility.
Prevention of employee misconduct
Secure credit transactions

ACTIVITY REQUIREMENTS
It is important that the hotel facility have security incorporated into its design. In
such a design, hotel security space should be allotted. Appropriate means of
transition from the spaces should maximize quick departure from the hotel in case of
emergency. In addition, the design should minimize obstructions of vision about the exit
paths. This would allow for clear passage. Areas requiring the highest need for
security should be located where personnel have good visual access, or where
admission is severely restricted.

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PRIMARY ACTIVITY P~RECEIVING


This is considered a semi-private to private activity. Everything that a guest expects
and gets is a result of what takes place at the back of the house. Back of the house
services begin when merchandise, service materials, and foodstuffs enter the facility
through the receiving area. The activity of receiving deals with the incoming and
outgoing of supplies and materials for the facility's operation. The receiving area also
encompasses storage of materials until they can be properly distributed throughout
the facility.

SECONDARY ACTIVITY
Receiving of supplies
Storage of supplies
Distribution of supplies to additional "Back of the House"
Activities.

ACTIVITY REQUIREMENTS
Adequate loading dock area should be available for service vehicles, with adequate
provisions made for turning, and unloading/ loading. The receiving area should have the
available space to accept goods delivered daily to the hotel facility. In addition, hold-
over storage area should be allotted for merchandise that can not be immediately
distributed. Activities occurring in receiving require close proximity to food preparation
and storage areas. Also, each additional back-of-the-house activity such as
administration, housekeeping, and maintenance shops should be within close proximity-
As in other back-of-the-house areas, activities should be inaccessible, both physically
and visually, to guests.

PRIMARY ACTIVITY QPARKING


This activity is considered to be a public to semi-public activity. The common activity
among all hotels, large or small, is traffic and parking. Simultaneous user group arrivals
and other activities are a determinant in traffic and parking problems at a hotel. The
activity of parking proceeds the activity of outdoor arrival.

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SECONDARY ACTIVITIES
Hotel/guest parking
Convention parking
Short term/Long term parking
Handicapped parking
Employee parking
Parking for service vehicles

ACTIVITY REQUIREMENTS
A sufficient amount of space is needed to provide adequate parking for all user groups
mentioned in secondary activities. Adequate space for short/long term parking needs
should be provided at the main entry for loading/unloading. Accordingly, adequate
space for the handicapped should be provided and easily accessible. Adjacency of
parking lots is not required, but all parking areas and main entrances to the hotel
should have direct access to each other. Parking activities need to provide for
adequate circulation throughout sub-grade level changes. This minimizes large asphalt
surface areas at grade levels and minimizes distances between the facility and parking,
while providing additional green spaces The design should allow for parking locations
such that security surveillance can be maximized by hotel staff/security, Service
entries should be accessible for employee parking. Circulation paths throughout the
parking areas should be clearly designated and appropriate signage marked.

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LITERATURE REVIEW

BUILDING BYELAWS

CATEGORY - RESIDENTIAL BUILDING (Resort Alapuzzha (Alleppey), Kerala, India)


refers to any building in which sleeping accommodation is provided for normal
residential purposes with or without cooking or dining or both facilities except any
building classified as Institutional Building. Lodging or rooming houses, one or two-
family private dwellings, dormitories, apartment houses (flats) and hotels (including
starred hotels) shall be placed in this category.

Control of Development along Rivers and in Coastal Regulation Zone


CRZ Authorities, are prohibited within 150m on both sides of rivers and
backwaters.
No attempt shall be made to alter the natural course of a stream or a river.
Covered Area means area covered by building / buildings immediately above the
plinth level, but does not include the space covered by;
Garden, rocky area, well and well structures, plant, nursery, water pool,
Swimming pool (if uncovered) platform around a tree, tank, fountain, bench with
open top and unenclosed sides by walls and the like;
Drainage, culvert, conduit, catch-pit, gully-pit, chamber gutter and the like;
Compound or boundary wall, gate, un-storied porch and portico, Chajja, slide,
Swing, uncovered staircase, watchman booth, pump house. The area covered by
Watchman booth / pump house shall not exceed three square meters;
Sump tank and electric transformer.

Detached Building refers to a building detached on all sides. The walls and roof of this
building are independent of any other building with open spaces on all sides, except the
portion covered by the garage.

Low rise Building means a building with ground plus three or less floors (excluding the
basement) or a building with a height of less than 15m.

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Coverage and Floor Area Ratio (F.A.R)

Height of buildings.-
The Maximum height of any building or part thereof shall be limited according to the
width of the street as follows:-
(a) The maximum height of the building or part thereof shall not exceed twice the width
of the street abutting the plot plus twice the width of the yard from the building to
the abutting street and this height may further be increased proportionately at the
rate of 3 metres for every 50 cms. by which the building or the corresponding portion
or floor of the building is set back from the building line;
(b) If a building plot abuts on two or more streets of different width, the building plot
shall be deemed to abut the street that has the greater width for the purposes of this

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rule and the height of the building shall be regulated by the width of that street and
shall be continued at this height along the narrower street:
Provided that the height restriction as per this rule shall be compulsory only for
buildings or part of building coming within 12 meters of building line:
Provided further that appurtenant roof structures like staircase tower over head
tanks, air conditioning rooms, lift rooms, cellular telecommunication equipment or
tower structures, cabin rooms, chimneys, parapet walls and similar roof structures
other than pent houses shall not be included in the height of the building for the
purpose of this rule: Provided also that architectural features serving no other
function except that of decoration shall not be included in the height of the building for
the purpose of this rule.
For buildings, structures and installations in the vicinity of airports the
stipulations with regard to height shall be further limited as shown in Table 3. This
shall be subject to any notification issued by Government of India under the Aircrafts
Act 1, 1934. Provided that buildings, structures and installations exceeding the height
shown in Table 3 shall be allowed if no objection certificate from the concerned airport
authority is obtained and produced before the Secretary for issuing the permit.

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Set backs and Ground Coverage for the plot.

Maximum ground coverage is 65% of the total plot area.

Prohibition for constructions abutting public roads.

No person shall construct any building other than compound wall within 3 metres, from
any plot boundary abutting national highways, state highways or other roads-notified
by Municipality: Provided that open ramps or bridges or steps or similar structures
with or without parapets or railings shall be permitted as access from the street to
the building within that 3 meters and cornice roof or weather shade not exceeding 75
cms shall be permitted to project from the building into such 3 meters.

Parking, loading and


unloading
spaces.

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(1) Each of street parking space provided for parking motor cars shall be not less than
15 Sq. mts. area (5.5 mts. x 2.7mts.) and for scooters and cycles the area of each
parking space provided shall be not less than 3 sq. mts. and 1.5 sq. mt. respectively.
(2) For buildings of different occupancies, off-street- parking spaces for motor cars
shall be provided within the plot as specified in Table 5.

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Provided that in Second Grade Municipalities and Third Grade Municipalities it shall
suffice if 75 per cent and 50 per cent respectively of the above parking is provided in
village panchayats where the provisions of the Kerala Municipality Building Rules, 1999
stand extended, off street parking shall be provided as in third grade municipalities.-
(3) Wherever any parking space is required under these rules, 25% of that area shall be
provided additionally for parking scooters or cycles.
(4) Every off-street parking space shall be provided with adequate vehicular access to
a street; area of drives, aisles and such other provisions required and adequate area
for manoeuring of vehicles shall be provided in addition to the parking space.
(5) Not exceeding fifty per cent of the area of mandatory open yard (space) shall be
taken into account for calculating the required off street parking space if such open
space has adequate vehicular access and area for maneuvering.

Parts Of Buildings
Staircases.
(1) Any building having more than four floors including basement or sunken
floors, shall
have at least two staircases, one of which may be an external stairway:
Provided that when the second staircase provided as external stair way conforms to
the provisions of fire escape staircase, a separate fire escape stair need not be
provided. Note:- An external stair is one which is connected to public areas and/or
common areas on all floors and leads directly to ground, has at least two sides
abutting external wall, these two sides being provided as open or with break open glass
and has landing areas accessible from the external side or a external stair which is
wholly open and removed from the main building, such an external stair shall be
removed and away from the main stairway.
(2) The minimum width of stair shall be not less than 1.20 metres
(3) The minimum width of tread shall be 30 cms
(4) The height of riser shall not exceed 15 cms.
(5) The height of handrail shall be not less than 90 cms.
(6) The width of passages giving access to the staircase in any building shall
not at any point, be less than the width of the stair.

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Ramps.-

Ramps if provided as a substitute for stairways shall be laid with a slope not exceeding
1 in 10 and such ramp shall comply with all requirements of a stairway and shall be
surfaced with approved non-slippery materials.

Corridor, verandahs and passageways.-

The clear width of any corridor, verandah or passageway in any building shall be not
less than 1.0 metre at any point.

Fire escape staircase.-


(1) Fire escape stair case shall be provided for every buildings of,-
(a) residential occupancies exceeding three storeys above ground level;
(b) occupancies other than residential exceeding two storeys above ground level.

(2) The width of fire escape staircase shall be not less than 75 cm, the width of fire
escape stair tread shall be not less than 15 cm, the height of the fire escape stair
riser shall not exceed 19 cms, and the number of riser shall not exceed 16 per flight of
stairs.
(3) The height of handrail of a fire escape staircase shall not be less than 100cms.
(4) Fire escape stair shall be constructed only in the exterior of the building and shall
be connected directly to the ground.
(5) Fire escape stairs shall have a straight flight.
(6) Entrance to fire escape stair case shall be separated and removed from internal
staircase.

Travel distance to emergency staircase.-


(1) Every building meant for human occupancy shall be provided with emergency exit
sufficient to permit safe escape of occupants in case of fire or whenever other
emergency occurs.
(2) Emergency exits shall be located in such a way that the travel distance on each
floor shall not exceed 30 metres for every occupant.

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Lighting and Ventilation.-

(1) Every habitable room shall be furnished with sufficient number of openings such as
windows and ventilators affording effectual means of admission of light and air by
direct communication with the external air as provided in the National Building Code,
1983 or shall be sufficiently lighted and ventilated by artificial means.
(2) No portion of a room shall be assumed to be lighted if it is more than 7.5 metres
away from the opening assumed for lighting that portion unless it is artificially lighted.
(3) Windows and ventilators which open into a verandah shall be deemed to
communicate with the external air, if such verandah is not more than 3 metres wide
and open throughout its entire length into an open space open to the sky the width of
such open space being not less than 3.0 metres. Trellising, mesh, grill or net may,
however, be provided on the open side of the verandah;
(4) Every kitchen shall be ventilated according to the standards stipulated for
habitable rooms and shall have suitable flue for the escape of smoke and heated air
unless it is provided with an approved form of smokeless installation.
(5) Every bathroom or latrine shall be provided with sufficient light and ventilation.-
(6) Every bathroom or latrine shall have at least one of its walls abutting on an open
space or open verandah or an air shaft if not centrally air conditioned; the size of air
shaft shaft not be less than that specified in Table 8.

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Parking.-
Parking requirements shall be reduced in proportion to the percentage of land
surrendered to the extent that after such deduction a minimum of 75% of the parking
required as per these rules shall be provided.

Rainwater Harvesting.
Roof top Rain Water harvesting Arrangements :-
(1) Unless otherwise stipulated specifically in a Town Planning Scheme, workable
rainwater harvesting arrangements shall be provided as an integral part of all new
building constructions. Provide that the floor area to be considered shall be the total
floor area in all floors. Provided further that the rainwater harvesting arrangements is
not mandatory for thatched roofed building.
(2) The components of workable rooftop rainwater harvesting arrangements as
stipulated in Sub-rule (1) above shall include.
(i) Roof catchment area
(ii) Roof gutters
(iii) Down pipe and first flush pipe arrangement
(iv) Filter unit and
(v) Storage tank with provision for drawing water and spillover.
(3) The minimam capacity of the storage tank as stipulated in Sub-rule (2) (v) of the
rooftop rainwater harvesting arrangements shall be at the rates given below
Group A1 25 liters/sqm of total floor area.
Group A2 25 liters/sqm of total floor area
Group I(1) 25 liters/sqm of total floor area
(4) The municipality shall enforce workable artificial groundwater recharging
arrangements as an integral part of all new building construction through collection of
rooftop rain water
(5) The component of workable artificial groundwater recharging arrangements as
stipulated in sub-rule (iv) above shall include
(i) Roof catchment area
(ii) Roof gutters
(iii) Down pipe

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(iv) Filter units


(v) Recharge well/percolation pit

(6) Where ever rooftop rain water harvesting arrangements as stipulated in sub rules
(I) to
(iii) above are provided, additional arrangements for carrying the spill over water from
storage tanks to recharge well or percolation pit need only be provided.
(7) The owner(s)/occupier(s) shall maintain the roof top rain water harvesting
arrangements and artificial ground water recharge arrangements in healthy working
conditions.
(8) The municipality may, in exceptional cases such as water logging or impermeable
subsoil conditions to considerable depths exempt constructions from the mandatory
ground water recharging arrangements.

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Chapter 5

SITE ANALYSIS.

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SITE ANALYSIS

ALAPPUZHA/ALLEPPEY, 0930'N, 7628'E

ONSITE FACTORS

Site Surroundings
Site Area is about 42,000 sq.m which is located in Alapuzzha /Alleppey, Kerala.

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NEIGHBORS
On the north side of the site it has residential areas, on south side it has a mix of
both residential and commercial areas, on east sides lies the accessible beach.

ACESS
Site has Vehicular & Pedestrian access from
three sides.

TOPOGRAPHY
The site is Predominantly Flat with a Slight sloping towards beach which helps in ease in drainage.

VEGETATION
Some trees on the west side of the site but they cause no hindrance to access the view to beach.

SOIL CONDITIONS
It has Late rite soil which is loose in nature. Top Layer has good Porosity and Permeability, and in
this area water table is high which is because of its adjacency with sea and back water.

ELECTRICAL, WATER AND COMMUNICATION LINES


All electrical lines are taken from above the grounds through poles. Main sewer and
storm line are passing through CCBC road.in case of load shading Power Supply may be
backed up with an in house Generator.

SITE POTENTIALS
It has an extended View to the Beach, and light tower. Site is located at a distance of 1 km from
nearest boat jetty and 2 km from railway station, hence there is an ease in access. Site has
roads on three sides.

SITE CONSTRAINTS
Site abuts a busy Beach and hence during morning and evening time people are often moving
across the beach. Site has high water table and hence any kind of digging is not allowed other
than foundation or swimming pool.

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OFFSITE FACTORS

THE BEACH FRONT


The most important factor which gives scenic beauty to the resort and view potential
to the resort from height but at the same time imposes constraints with its tidal
actions and variation.

BUILDING CHARACTER

Traditional design of most buildings.


Extensive use of local architecture.
Mixed zone mainly of Residential and Commercial zone.

SAFETY AND SECURITY

Maximize architectural form to define function and territory in ways that identify and
welcome legitimate users of buildings.
Design in defined and signed movement corridors for vehicles and pedestrians.
Design and locate lighting to accentuate access points and movement corridors;
Design and locate landscaping to reduce opportunities for concealment.
Provide integrated security systems for surveillance, alarms and access control;
Integrate security systems with emergency warning and fire warning systems and a
perimeter road to have.

GUIDELINES FOR COASTAL AREA DEVELOPMENT- CRZ


No construction within 200 m of high tide line.
The ground coverage should not exceed 40% of plot area.
Extraction of sand, leveling or digging is not allowed except for structural
foundation, swimming pool and storage tanks not permitted within 500 m of
high tide lines.
Effluents should be treated. Unrated waste should not be discharged into
beach.
Quality of the treated Effluents, solid waste should confirm to the Pollution.

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ACTIVITY ZONING
The Activity Zoning is based on the different analyses and study done towards the
understanding of the site and design requirements. Various activities have been
arranged on the 2D plan according to their rough sizes so as to obtain an idea about
the planning. Parking areas are adjacent to the roads due to ease in accessibility and
also since it acts a buffer between the roads and the actual buildings. Cottages are
placed right in front to optimize maximum view potential to beach. Banquet hall is
provided with alternate entry so that it dose no interfere with the functioning of the
resort when in function. Meditation and Yoga centre are taken away from busy
junctions. Vertical zoning is restricted areas to make the architecture in stand in
harmony with surrounding.

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Chapter 6

CLIMATE ANALYSIS.

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CLIMATE ANALYSIS

ALAPPUZHA/ALLEPPEY, 0930'N, 7628'E

Based on obtained from ASHRAE and ISHRAE various information on weather


conditions are mentioned below :

INFERENCE

Prominent wind direction throughout the year is from 1) North & North-East, and
East. With an average temperature lie in the range of 24-38 degrees centigrade,
Relative humidity level is in the range of 70% -90%, and Wind velocity is in the range of
6 m/s- 16 m/s .

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CLIMATE ANALYSIS

STEREOGRAPHIC SUN PATH DIAGRAM

INFERENCE

For most part of the year sun is in the southern hemisphere of the earth so major gain
in solar radiation is from the southern side of the building, only for few months July,
May and April Sun is casting direct rays on the northern facade of the building, so
glazing can be given on the northern part of the building.

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CLIMATE ANALYSIS

TEMPERATURE RANGE.

WIND VELOCITY RANGE.

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CLIMATE ANALYSIS

ILLUMINATION RANGE.

WEATHER DATA SUMMARY.

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Chapter 7

DESIGN METHODOLOGY.

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DESIGN METHODOLOGY

DESIGN METHODOLOGY

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DESIGN METHODOLOGY

SPACE RELATIONSHIP FOR RESIDENT & GUEST

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DESIGN METHODOLOGY

SPACE RELATIONSHIP FOR FRONT OFFICE

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DESIGN METHODOLOGY

FUNCTIONAL RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SPACES

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Chapter 8

DESIGN CONCEPT & DEVELOPMENT.

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DESIGN CONCEPT & DESIGN DEVELOPMENT

SPACE AREA REQUIRMENT.

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DESIGN CONCEPT & DESIGN DEVELOPMENT

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DESIGN CONCEPT & DESIGN DEVELOPMENT

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DESIGN CONCEPT & DESIGN DEVELOPMENT

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DESIGN CONCEPT & DESIGN DEVELOPMENT

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DESIGN CONCEPT & DESIGN DEVELOPMENT

CONCEPTUAL SITE ZONING


Site has been divided into two half One which is more Private and semi private
zones containing Residential Cottages, Suites, Meditation centre, Yoga centre,
Swimming pool, Ayurvedic centre, Spa and Sauna in a peace and serene interaction
with the nature and an attempt has been made to maximize view potential to Beach
coast line.
Major access to the site from eastern side, so more Semi public and Public
areas are taken in adjacency with entrance, which also helps in minimizing with
circulation path and distance of these to the parking lot. These areas include
Reception, Restaurant, Meeting rooms, Banquet hall, and Some Recreational areas like
Multi-gym, Aerobics centre, Amphitheatre etc. Banquet hall which is meant to serve a
varied kind of activity user groups is provided with an alternate entry so as not to
disturb
Major administrative and Back-of-house areas are having their accessibility
from northern side of the site acting as a service entry for the Resort.
Lagoon and landscaping which interacts with the Cottage and Suites has been
suggested in the design proposal.

INDIVIDUAL SPACES

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DESIGN CONCEPT & DESIGN DEVELOPMENT

CENTRAL BLOCK .

The form of the central block is


derived from Spira Solaris - an
icon, which has inspired
mathematicians and artists
alike since the ancient times. This form is replicated in some of the natural forms. Snail
which is a slow moving creature and loves to live close to water has inspired this
design. The slow movement signifies leisure and calmness and inclusion of a water
feature close to the central block symbolizes the urge of the snail to seek proximity to
water feature.

SPIRA SOLARIS
The locus of points traced out by the end of the string is called the involute of
the original curve, and the original curve is called the evolute of its involute.
Evolution is purely mechanical, INVOLUTION - the cause of natural stimulation.
Involution is the creation of the concept. Evolution is the time or process it takes the
concept to become manifest. We come from the center and circumference of

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DESIGN CONCEPT & DESIGN DEVELOPMENT

everything, radiating, drawing forth the Divine Influx.


Together through our cosmic conceptions, we
sublimate Omnipresence for all existing in and out
this mirror of matter. The form melting into each
other and fading only to give rise to new confluence.
A nautilus, one of natures greatest
engineering masterpieces, a stunningly intricate
hierarchical architecture, having a cross section of
equiangular spiral (or logarithmic spiral). It is defined
as a curve that cuts all radii vectors at a constant
angle. The involutes curve is a special case of an equiangular spiral, having a constant
angle of 90 degrees.
Spiral as a symbol was used from Paleolithic Age. It is a power of sun and moon,
it is ear, water, lightning and thunder, or a whirl. Also a spiral is a symbol of labyrinth,
what can be a dance or game. Sometimes a labyrinth constructed underground in
darkness. Spiral also can be identified with involutes snail's shell. Snail is a symbol of
laziness.
We can conclude that spiral scheme used usually for representation of various
games, dances, companies with concentrated attention on some actions whose
location coincides with spiral center. This scheme connects separated players into one
sometimes complicated chain. Most often a spiral is identified with involutes snail
shell. Few examples which are taken from nature are:

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DESIGN CONCEPT & DESIGN DEVELOPMENT

Applying concept of Spiral Solaris in Designing of Central Block.

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DESIGN CONCEPT & DESIGN DEVELOPMENT

In these different colored spaces represents different individual spaces with a


central open court with corridors opening into it. Each individual space is having cross
ventilation suiting to this kind or climate.

Restaurant is provided with a


viewing deck for dinning into the open
wooden deck and at the same time inner
court which further act as a buffer space
for spill over activities. It has direct
connectivity to kitchen services for better services.
Banquet hall is provided with alternate entry so that its functioning does not
interfere with the functioning of Resort.

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DESIGN CONCEPT & DESIGN DEVELOPMENT

COTTAGES .

Typically made in traditional built form, with pitched


roofs and use connected by covered pathways. Every
cottage has a private viewing deck to appreciate nature and
have a tangible experience with lagoon. Also there is a
provision of semi private spaces to interact like viewing
decks, covered walkways, cutouts in floor slab to appreciate
marine species.

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DESIGN CONCEPT & DESIGN DEVELOPMENT

View to cottage blacks Way to cottage.

SUITES.

Suits are made in a international style of


hotel accommodation with a lagoon surrounding
individual units. Viewing decks are attached to
each unit to make them a part of nature.

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DESIGN CONCEPT & DESIGN DEVELOPMENT

AYURVEDIC CENTRE AND SAUNA.

These are the only


zones which are taken on
the first floor as they will be
in operation for only part of
the day, and are also
accessible from swimming
pool.
Both of the spaces are provided with and spaces which can be expanded into
open terrace area. Person sitting of these terraces can enjoy the view to the various
part of the site but at the same time panoramic view to the beach.

YOGA AND MEDITATION BLOCK.

These are further secluded and


placed away from the residential zone.
Resident have a choice of meditating
against backdrop of water body. Whose
wave reflects upon the incident sunshine
as shimmering light on the walls. These blocks are also connected to the landscaped
green where residents can stroll around.

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DESIGN CONCEPT & DESIGN DEVELOPMENT

AMPHITHEATRE

Amphitheatre has been designed with


a 360 view much similar to street
performances. This should serve as a
platform to showcase the traditional art
from Kerala to the tourist. This has been
acting as an all weather facility which has a
retractable tensile roof , the form of which
has been inspired from Chinese fishing net dotting the cochin shore line.

LANDSCAPING
Landscaping forms an important feature that integrates different spaces of
design and reminds the guest of the back waters and lush greenery of Kerala.
A shallow lagoon has been developed in the site as a part of soft landscape
which has Small Island with coconut palm trees planted, also appropriately scaled
snake boats have been interspaced in water body.
Small rocks have been used to create sitting areas. It has Connecting walkways
over the lagoon. Uniform bollard lighting appropriately lighting
areas is suggest.
In central block water forms a vortex in the central focal
element and landscape is integrated around it.
Treatment of boundary wall was also a issue of concern so
plants and creepers all along its perimeter will add an organic
touch to the environment.

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DESIGN CONCEPT & DESIGN DEVELOPMENT

Boundary wall

PARKING
Parking is provided at the eastern corner and is located very close to all public
and administrative zones. An attempt has been made to buffer noise and visibility by
creation of earth mounts and green landscaping around the parking lot. This parking
lot has a capacity of 90 cars which can be expanded to 100 cars.
Small area of surface parking is also provided for staff on to the side of service
entry.

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DESIGN CONCEPT & DESIGN DEVELOPMENT

ENERGY CONSIDERATION FOR DESIGN

In this climate air conditioning will always be required, but can be greatly
reduced if building design minimizes overheating.

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DESIGN CONCEPT & DESIGN DEVELOPMENT

Window overhangs (designed for this latitude) or operable sunshades (extend in


summer, retract in winter) can reduce or eliminate air conditioning.

Orient most of the glass to the


north, shaded by vertical fins, in very
hot climates, if there are essentially no
passive solar needs

Use plant materials (ivy, bushes,


trees) especially on the west to shade the
structure (if summer rains support native
plant growth).

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DESIGN CONCEPT & DESIGN DEVELOPMENT

High Efficiency air conditioner (at least Energy Star) should prove cost
effective. Keep the building small (right-sized) because excessive floor area
wastes heating and cooling energy.

Good natural ventilation can reduce or eliminate air conditioning in warm


weather, if windows are well shaded and oriented to prevailing breezes.

Use light colored building materials and cool roofs (with high emissivity) to
minimize conducted heat gain.

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DESIGN CONCEPT & DESIGN DEVELOPMENT

On hot days
ceiling fans or indoor air
motion can make it seem
cooler by at least 5
degrees F (2.8C) thus
less air conditioning is
needed.

Screened porches and


patios can provide comfort
cooling by ventilation and
prevent insect problems.

Traditional homes in warm humid climates


used high ceilings and high operable (French)
windows protected by deep overhangs and
porches.

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DESIGN CONCEPT & DESIGN DEVELOPMENT

In wet climates well ventilated


pitched roofs work well to shed
rain and can be extended to
protect entries, outdoor
porches, and verandas.

If soil is moist, raise building high above ground to minimize dampness and maximize
natural ventilation.

High mass interior surfaces like stone, brick, tile, or slate, feel naturally cool on hot
days and can reduce day-to-night temperature swings.

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DESIGN CONCEPT & DESIGN DEVELOPMENT

A radiant barrier (shiny foil) will help reduce radiated heat gain through the roof in hot
climates.

Locate garages or storage areas on the side of the building facing the coldest
wind to help insulate.
A whole-house fan or natural ventilation can store nighttime coolth'in high
mass interior surfaces, thus reducing or eliminating air conditioning.

(a)

(b)

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Chapter 9

DESIGN DRAWINGS.

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DESIGN DRAWINGS

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DESIGN DRAWINGS

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DESIGN DRAWINGS

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DESIGN DRAWINGS

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DESIGN DRAWINGS

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DESIGN DRAWINGS

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DESIGN DRAWINGS

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DESIGN DRAWINGS

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DESIGN DRAWINGS

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DESIGN DRAWINGS

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DESIGN DRAWINGS

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DESIGN DRAWINGS

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DESIGN DRAWINGS

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DESIGN DRAWINGS

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DESIGN DRAWINGS

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DESIGN DRAWINGS

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BIBLIOGRAPHY.

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REFRENCES

o Hotels Design (Planning and Development) by Walter Rutes & Richard Penner.
o Hotels and Resorts (Planning Design and Refurbishment) by Fred R. Lawson,
o B. Arch Thesis by Saugato Dey.
o B. Arch Thesis by Jane Rodrigues.
o Architects Data by Ernst and Peter Neufert.
o Journal (Architecture + Design) Sept-Oct 1997.
o Journal (Architecture + Design) December 2008.
o Journal (Indian Architect & Builder)- January -1991
o Journal (Indian Architect & Builder)- May 2003.
o Wikipedia.org
o Visitkerala,com

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