ACI 318 Tiếng Việt (Tiêu Chuẩn Tính Toán Bê Tông Cốt Thép Của Mỹ)

ACI318-89-(R'd 1995)- QUY TRNH KY THUAT VE BE TONG COT THEP VA DIEN GIAI- Trang-0
VIEN BE TONG MY
YEU CAU QUY PHAM XAY DNG

OI VI BE TONG COT THEP
(ACI 318 )VA DIEN GIAI
CHAP THUAN BI HOI ONG ACI 318

IN LAN TH NHAT, THANG 9, 1992
CAC YEU CAU QUY PHAM XAY DNG OI

VI
BE TONG COT THEP (ACI 318-89) (SA
OI 1992)
VA DIEN GIAI - ACI 318R-89 (SA OI
1992)
BAO CAO CUA HOI ONG ACI 318
Phan quy pham cua tai lieu nay bao ham cho viec
thiet ke va thi cong ung cong trnh be tong cot thep. Phan
nay c viet di dang co the c chap thuan va ap
dung bang cach oi chieu trong quy pham xay dng chung, va
cac an ban trc ay cung a c s dung rong rai theo
phng thc nay.
Cac chu e c bao ham trong quy pham la : ban ve
va quy trnh ky thuat; giam sat; vat lieu; yeu cau o ben;
chat lng be tong; tron va o be tong; van khuon; ong
at san va mach thi cong; chi tiet cot thep; phan tch va
thiet ke; cng o va kha nang s dung; tai trong uon va
tai trong doc truc; lc cat va lc xoan; keo dai cot thep; he
thong san; tng; mong; be tong uc san; be tong tien
ap; ket cau vo mong va tam gn song; anh gia cng
o cua cac ket cau hien hu; cac ieu khoan ac biet ve
thiet ke a chan; va mot phng phap thiet ke khac trong
Phu luc A.
Cong tac chat lng va th nghiem vat lieu dung
trong cong trnh c ap dung thong qua viec oi chieu vi
cac quy trnh ky thuat tieu chuan ASTM tng ng. Cong tac
han cot thep c bao ham thong qua viec oi chieu vi
tieu chuan AWS tng ng. Cac so o ham lng ion chloride
c bao ham thong qua viec oi chieu vi tieu chuan
AASHTO tng ng.
Bi v Quy pham Xay dng ACI c viet di dang van
kien luat phap nen co the c chap thuan va ap dung
bang cach oi chieu trong quy pham xay dng chung, no
khong the trnh bay cac chi tiet hoac cac e ngh thuoc ve
kien thc c ban e thc hien cac yeu cau hoac cac nh
hng cua no. o la chc nang cua phan dien giai trong
viec ap ng yeu cau nay.
Phan dien giai thao luan ve mot so iem lu y cua
hoi ong ve viec phat trien quy pham vi viec nhan manh
vao cac phan giai thch cho cac ieu khoan mi hoac cac
ieu khoan c sa oi co the la cha quen vi ngi s
dung.
Cac tai lieu tham khao ve nhieu d lieu nghien cu
a c tham khao trong viec chuan b quy pham va c liet
ke ra cho nhng ngi s dung mong muon nghien cu tng

chu e rieng trong mot chi tiet ln. Cac tai lieu khac cung
cap cac hng dan ve viec thc hien cac yeu cau cua quy
pham nay cung c liet ke ra.
So th t chng va muc c anh lien tuc trong
toan quy pham.
MUC LUC
PHAN I - TONG QUAT
CHNG 1 - CAC YEU CAU CHUNG..........................................................318-7
1.1- Noi dung
1.2- Ban ve va quy trnh ky thuat
1.3- Giam sat
1.4- Chap thuan cac he thong ac biet trong thiet ke va thi cong
CHNG 2 - NH NGHA...........................................................................318-15
PHAN 2 - CAC TIEU CHUAN VE TH NGHIEM VA VAT LIEU

CHNG 3 - VAT LIEU
3.0- Chu thch
3.1- Cac loai th nghiem vat lieu
3.2- Xi mang
3.3- Cot lieu
3.4- Nc
3.5- Cot thep
3.6- Phu gia
3.7- Cat gi vat lieu
3.8- Cac tieu chuan c liet ke trong tieu chuan nay
PHAN 3 - CAC YEU CAU THI CONG

CHNG 4 - CAC YEU CAU VE O BEN............................................318-31
4.0- Chu thch
4.1- Ty le nc/ vat lieu co cha xi mang
4.2- Moi trng ong bang va tan bang
4.3- Moi trng sulfate
4.4- Bao ve chong an mon cot thep
CHNG 5 - CHAT LNG, TRON VA O BE TONG.........................318-37
5.0- Ghi chu
5.1- Tong quat
5.2- Chon cap phoi be tong
5.3- nh cap phoi tren c s ket qua hien trng va cac me tron
th
5.4- nh cap phoi tren c s ty le nc/vat lieu co cha xi mang
5.5- ........................................................Giam bt cng o trung bnh
5.6- anh gia va chap thuan be tong
5.7- Chuan b thiet b va o be tong
5.8- Tron be tong
5.9- Van chuyen be tong
5.10- ........................................................................................o be tong
5.11- .........................................................................Bao dng be tong
5.12- .............................................Cac yeu cau oi vi thi tiet lanh
5.13- ..........................................Cac yeu cau oi vi thi tiet nong
CHNG 6 - VAN KHUON, ONG AT SAN, VA MACH THI CONG.....318-55
6.1- Thiet ke van khuon
6.2- Thao d van khuon va coc chong
6.3- Ong cng va ong mem at san trong be tong
6.4- Mach thi cong

CHNG 7 - CAC CHI TIET COT THEP...................................................318-61
7.0- Ghi chu
7.1- Moc tieu chuan
7.2- ng knh uon cong toi thieu
7.3- Uon cong cot thep
7.4- ieu kien be mat cua cot thep
7.5- Lap at cot thep
7.6- Cac gii han ve khoang cach gia cac thanh thep
7.7- Lp be tong bao ve cot thep
7.8- Cac chi tiet cot thep ac biet cho cot
7.9- Cac moi noi lien ket
7.10- Cot thep ngang cho cau kien chu nen
7.11- Cot thep ngang cho cau kien chu uon
7.12- .........Cot thep gia cng chong co ngot va chong nt nhiet
7.13- Cac yeu cau oi vi tnh toan ven cua ket cau
PHAN 4 - CAC YEU CAU CHUNG

CHNG 8 - PHAN TCH VA THIET KE - CAC IEM LU Y CHUNG...318-75
8.0- Chu thch
8.1- Cac phng phap thiet ke
8.2- Cac phng phap phan tch
8.4- Phan bo lai cac moment am trong cac cau kien lien tuc chu
uon khong tien ap
8.5- Modul an hoi
8.6- o cng
8.7- Khau o nhp
8.8- Ket cau cot
8.9- Phan bo hoat tai
8.10- Thi cong a ch T
8.11- Mach thi cong
8.12- Hoan thien san
CHNG 9 - CAC YEU CAU VE CNG O VA KHA NANG S DUNG318-
85
9.0- Chu thch

9.1- Tong quat
9.2- Cng o yeu cau
9.3- Cng o thiet ke
9.4- Cng o thiet ke cua cot thep
9.5- Kiem tra o uon vong
CHNG 10 - TAI TRONG UON VA TAI TRONG DOC TRUC
10.0- Chu thch
10.1- Noi dung
10.2- Cac gia nh trong thiet ke
10.3- Cac nguyen tac va cac yeu cau chung
10.4- Khoang cach gia cac tru ngang cua cau kien chu uon
10.5- Lng cot thep toi thieu trong cau kien chu uon
10.6- Phan bo cot thep xoan trong cac dam va san mot phng
10.7- Cac cau kien day chu uon
10.8- Kch thc thiet ke cua cac cau kien chu nen
10.9- Cac gii han ve cot thep trong cac cau kien chu nen
10.10-Anh hng cua ty le manh trong cac cau kien chu nen
10.11-anh gia tng oi anh hng cua ty le manh
10.12-Cac cau kien chu tai doc truc chong he thong san mot
phng
10.13-S truyen tai trong trong cot qua he thong san
10.14-Cau kien chu nen o nhieu lan
10.15-Cng o chu tai
CHNG 11 - LC CAT VA LC XOAN
11.0- Chu thch
11.1- Cng o chu cat
11.2- Be tong nhe
11.3- Cng o chu cat cua be tong oi vi cau kien khong tien
ap
11.4- Cng o chu cat cua be tong oi vi cau kien tien ap
11.5- Cng o chu cat cua cot thep chu cat
11.6- Cng o chu cat va chu xoan hon hp oi vi cac cau kien
khong tien ap
co tiet dien ch nhat hoac ch T
11.7- Ma sat cat
11.8- Cac ieu khoan ac biet oi vi cac cau kien day chu uon
11.9- Cac ieu khoan ac biet oi vi dam consol va dam cha
11.10- Cac ieu khoan ac biet oi vi tng
11.11- Cac ieu khoan ac biet oi vi cot
11.12- Cac ieu khoan ac biet oi vi san va mong
CHNG 12 - KEO DAI VA NOI COT THEP......................................318-171
12.0- Chu thch
12.1- Keo dai cot thep - Tong quat
12.2- Keo dai thanh va si thep gai chu keo
12.3- ....................................................Keo dai thanh thep gai chu nen
12.4- Keo dai cot thep bo
12.5- Keo dai cac moc tieu chuan chu keo
12.6- Neo c hoc
12.7- Keo dai li thep gan han chu keo
12.8- Keo dai li thep trn han chu keo
12.9- Keo dai cap tien ap
12.10- Keo dai cot thep chu uon - Tong quat
12.11- Keo dai cot thep moment dng
12.12- Keo dai cot thep moment am
12.13- Keo dai cot thep li
12.14- Noi cot thep - Tong quat
12.15- Noi thanh va si thep gai chu keo
12.16- Noi thanh thep gai chu nen
12.17- Cac yeu cau ac biet oi vi cac ket cau cot
12.18- Noi cac li si thep gan han chu keo
12.19- Noi cac li si thep trn han chu keo
PHAN 5 - CAC HE THONG HOAC CAC CAU KIEN KET CAU

CHNG 13 - SAN HAI PHNG...............................................................318-201
13.0- Chu thch
13.1- Noi dung
13.2- nh ngha
13.3- Cac bc trong thiet ke

13.4- Cot thep san
13.5- Cac lo cha trong he thong san
13.6- Phng phap thiet ke trc tiep
13.7- Phng phap khung tng ng
CHNG 14 - TNG...............................................................................318-201
14.1- Chu thch
14.1- Noi dung
14.2- Tong quat
14.3- Lng cot thep toi thieu
14.4- Tng c thiet ke nh cac cau kien chu nen
14.5- Phng phap thiet ke theo kinh nghiem
14.6- Tng khong chu lc
14.7- Tng nh dam tret
CHNG 15 - MONG.................................................................................318-231
15.0- Chu thch
15.1- Noi dung
15.2- Lc va phan lc
15.3- Ket cau mong chong cot hoac be hnh tron hoac hnh a
giac
15.4- Moment trong mong
15.5- Lc cat trong mong
15.6- Keo dai cot thep trong mong
15.7- o sau mong toi thieu
15.8- Truyen lc qua e cot, tng, hoac be co cot thep
15.9- Mong nghieng va mong bac
15.10- Mong va ban e hon hp
CHNG 16 - BE TONG UC SAN.......................................................318-239
16.1. Noi dung
16.2- Thiet ke
16.3- Ban tng uc san
16.4- Chi tiet be tong uc san
16.5- Nhan dien va anh dau
16.6- Van chuyen, cat gi, va lap at
CHNG 17 - CAC CAU KIEN BE TONG CHU UON O NHIEU LAN318-243

17.0- Chu thch
17.1- Noi dung
17.3- Chong coc
17.4- Cng o chu cat doc
17.5- Cng o chu cat ngang
17.6- ai cau tao e chong lc cat ngang
CHNG 18 - BE TONG TIEN AP.........................................................318-247
18.0- Chu thch
18.1- Noi dung
18.2- Tong quat
18.3- Cac gia nh trong thiet ke
18.4- Cac ng lc cho phep trong be tong - Cau kien chu xoan
18.5- Cac ng lc cho phep trong cap tien ap
18.6- Hao hut lc tien ap
18.7- Cng o chu uon
18.8- Cac gii han oi vi cot thep trong cac cau kien chu uon
18.9- Cot thep c dnh ket toi thieu
18.10- Cac ket cau tnh khong xac nh
18.11- Cac cau kien chu nen - Cac tai trong uon va tai trong doc
truc hon hp
18.12- Cac he thong san
18.13- Cac khu vc neo cap tien ap
18.14- Bao ve chong an mon cho cap tien ap khong c dnh ket
18.15- Ong dung trong ng suat keo trc
18.16- Va long dung e ket dnh cap tien ap
18.17- Bao ve cap tien ap
18.18- Tac dung va o lc tien ap
18.19- Neo va kep trong ng suat keo trc
CHNG 19 - KET CAU VO MONG VA TAM GN SONG...............318-269
19.0- Chu thch
19.1- Noi dung va cac nh ngha
19.2- Phan tch va thiet ke
19.3- Cng o thiet ke cua vat lieu
19.4- Cot thep cho vo mong

19.5- Thi cong
PHAN 6 - CAC IEM CAN LU Y AC BIET

CHNG 20 - ANH GIA CNG O CUA CAC KET CAU HIEN HU318-
279
20.0- Chu thch
20.1- anh gia cng o - Tong quat
20-2-ieu tra phan tch - Tong quat
20.3- Th nghiem tac dung tai - Tong quat
20.4- Th nghiem tai cho cac cau kien chu uon
20.5- Cac cau kien khong phai la cau kien chu uon
20.6- ieu khoan danh cho mc o tac dung tai thap
20.7- An toan
CHNG 21 - CAC IEU KHOAN AC BIET VE THIET KE A CHAN318-283
21.0- Chu thch
21.1- nh ngha
21.2- Cac yeu cau chung
21.3- Cac cau kien chu uon cua ket cau khung
21.4- Cau kien khung chu tai trong uon va tai trong doc truc
21.5- Cac mach noi cua cau kien khung
21.6- Tng ket cau,
21.7- Cac cau kien khung khong c thiet ke chong lai cac lc do
ong at
21.8- Cac yeu cau oi vi cau kien khung trong cac khu vc co mc
rui ro a chan trung bnh
TAI LIEU THAM KHAO CHO PHAN DIEN GIAI..............318-309
CAC PHU LUC
PHU LUC A - MOT PHNG PHAP THIET KE KHAC...........................318-321

A.0- Ghi chu
A.1- Noi dung
A.2- Tong quat
A.3- ng suat tai trong lam viec cho phep
A.4- Keo dai va noi cot thep
A.5- Lc uon
A.6- Cau kien chu nen co chu uon hoac khong
A.7- Lc cat va lc xoan
PHU LUC B - CHU THCH..........................................................................318-333

PHU LUC C - THONG TIN VE COT THEP KIM LOAI..............................318-339
CH MUC................................................................................................... 318-343
PHAN I - TONG QUAT

CHNG I - CAC YEU CAU CHUNG
QUI PHAM DIEN GIAI
1.1- Noi dung R1.1 Noi dung

ACI318-89-(R'd 1995)- QUY TRNH KY THUAT VE BE TONG COT THEP VA DIEN GIAI- Trang-
10
1.1.1- Quy pham nay trnh bay cac R1.1.1- ACI 318-89 "Cac yeu cau quy
yeu cau toi thieu trong thiet ke pham xay dng ve be tong cot
va thi cong cac cau kien be thep (duyet lai 1992)", sau ay c
goi tat la quy pham, trnh bay cac
tong cot thep cua bat ky ket
yeu cau toi thieu oi vi moi
cau nao c thc hien theo cac cong tac thiet ke va thi cong be
yeu cau cua quy pham xay dng tong cot thep.
chung a c chap thuan va
thc hien hp phap, ma quy Be tong tien ap c nh ngha
pham nay la mot bo phan cua chung trong nh ngha ve be tong
quy pham chung o. cac vung cot thep. Cac ieu khoan cua quy
khong co quy pham xay dng pham nay c ap dung cho be
chung c chap thuan va thc tong tien ap, ngoai tr cac phan
c neu ro la ch ap dung cho
hien hp phap th quy pham nay
be tong khong tien ap.
nh ra cac tieu chuan chap
thuan toi thieu cua ky thuat Chng 21 bao ham cac ieu khoan
thiet ke va thi cong. ac biet ve thiet ke va chi tiet
hoa cac ket cau chong ong at.
Xem muc 1.1.7.
Phu luc A bao ham cac ieu khoan

cua phng phap "thay the" dung
trong thiet ke cac cau kien be
tong cot thep khong tien ap s
dung tai trong lam viec (khong co
he so tai trong) va ng suat cho
phep cua tai trong lam viec.
Phng phap thiet ke thay the nay
nham a ra c cac ket qua tng
oi an toan hn so vi thiet ke theo
phng phap thiet ke cng o
cua quy pham nay.
1.1.2- Quy pham nay bo sung cho R1.1.2- Vien American Concrete hng
quy pham xay dng chung va ap dan ap dung toan bo cac noi dung
dung u tien oi vi tat ca cac cua quy pham nay. Tuy nhien, can
lu y rang quy pham nay la mot
van e lien quan en thiet ke
bo phan cua quy pham xay dng
va thi cong be tong cot thep, chung c chap thuan va thc
ngoai tr ni nao quy pham hien hp phap, do o quy pham xay
nay mau thuan vi cac yeu dng chung co the bo ngha mot
cau cua quy pham xay dng so ieu khoan cua quy pham nay.
chung c chap thuan va thc
hien hp phap.
1.1.3- Quy pham nay c ap

dung u tien oi vi tat ca cac
van e lien quan en thiet ke
va thi cong va ac tnh vat lieu
trong trng hp co mau thuan
vi cac yeu cau cua cac tieu
chuan khac c neu ra trong
quy pham nay.
1.1.4- oi vi cac ket cau ac R1.1.4- Mot so cau kien ac biet

biet, nh cac ket cau vom, be, lien quan en cac van e thiet ke
ho, bon va silo, ket cau chong va thi cong ac biet khong c
trnh bay trong quy pham nay. Tuy
no va ong khoi, th phai ap
nhien, co nhieu ieu khoan cua
dung u tien cac ieu khoan quy pham, nh cac ieu khoan ve
cua quy pham nay cho cac noi chat lng va cac nguyen tac
dung tng ng. thiet ke, c ap dung cho cac ket
cau o. Cac hng dan c chi
tiet trong thiet ke va thi cong mot
so ket cau ac biet c trnh bay
11
trong cac an ban ACI sau ay:
"Ky thuat Tieu chuan ve Thiet ke va

thi cong Ong khoi Be tong cot thep
uc tai cho", ACI 307. (Trnh bay cac
yeu cau ve vat lieu, thiet ke va
thi cong cac ong khoi hnh tru
bang be tong cot thep uc tai
cho). Thiet lap cac tai trong toi
thieu trong thiet ke ong khoi be
tong cot thep va cac phng phap
xac nh ng suat trong be tong
va ct hnh thanh do cac tai trong
o.
"Ky thuat Tieu chuan ve Thiet ke va

thi cong Silo va Ong Be tong dung e
cat gi vat lieu hat", ACI 313 (trnh
bay cac yeu cau ve vat lieu,
thiet ke va thi cong be tong cot
thep cho bon, silo, thung cha, va
silo co chieu day thanh thay oi
theo hnh bac thang dung e cat
gi vat lieu hat. Trnh bay cac ch
tieu thiet ke va thi cong hng
dan can c vao cac nghien cu
th nghiem va phan tch ket hp
vi kinh nghiem thiet ke va thi
cong silo tren toan the gii.
(Bon, silo, thung cha la cac ket

cau ac biet nay sinh cac van e
ac biet khong c tnh en trong
cac cong tac thiet ke thong
thng. Trong khi, cuon Ky thuat
Tieu chuan nay tham khao cuon "
Cac yeu cau quy pham xay dng
ve Be tong cot thep" -ACI 318 ve
nhieu yeu cau tng ng, nen a
ra c cac yeu cau chi tiet bo
sung va cac phng phap xem xet
cac van e ac biet cua viec tac
dung tai trong tnh va tai trong
ong cua cac ket cau silo. Chu
yeu phng phap nay da vao kinh
nghiem, nhng Ky thuat Tieu chuan
nay khong loai tr viec s dung
cac phng phap chi tiet hn at
uc cac ket qua an toan tng
ng hoac tot hn va tin cay hn).
(Cuon Ky thuat Tieu Chuan nay

thiet lap cac tai trong hng dan
va cac phng phap xac nh ng
suat trong be tong cot thep hnh
thanh do cac tai trong nay. Cac
phng phap hng dan dung e
xac inh cac anh hong nhiet do
cac vat lieu c cat gi va xac
nh o rong cua cac vet nt
trong thanh be tong do ap lc ln
cua vat lieu c cat gi. Cac
ban phu luc co trnh bay cac tr
so ng lc qua tai toi thieu va
cac he so va ap).
"Ket cau Be tong Ky thuat Moi

12
trng"- ACI350. (trnh bay cac hng

dan ve thiet ke va thi cong be,
ho be tong va cac ket cau be
tong khac thng dung trong cong
tac x ly nc va nc thai, yeu
cau be tong chat, khong tham,
co ac tnh ben hoa hoc cao. iem
quan trong ac biet la phan thiet
ket ket cau, lam giam en mc
toi thieu kha nang nt va lam
phu hp vi thiet b am va
chong chu cac tai trong ac biet
khac. Cong tac thiet ke cap phoi
be tong, o be tong, bao dng
va bao ve be tong chong cac
tac ong hoa hoc cung c trnh
bay trong cuon nay. Phan thiet ke
va nh khoang cach gia cac
mach noi la phan chu y ac
biet).
"Cac Yeu cau Qui pham ve Ket cau Be

tong lien quan en an toan hat nhan"
ACI 349. (Trnh bay cac yeu cau toi
thieu tronng thiet ke va thi cong
cac ket cau be tong la mot bo
phan cua nha may ien hat nhan
va co chc nang bao ve an toan
hat nhan. Cuon quy pham nay
khong bao ham cac phan be tong
cua lo phan ng hat nhan va cac
ket cau be tong bao ve hat nhan
co trong ACI 359).
"Quy pham ve lo phan ng hat nhan

bang betong va ket cau bao ve hat
nhan" ACI-ASME 359. (Trnh bay cac
yeu cau ve thiet ke, thi cong va
s dung lo va ket cau bao ve
hat nhan trong nha may ien hat
nhan).
1.1.5- Quy pham nay khong ap R1.1.5- Viec thiet ke va viec lap
dung cho viec thiet ke va viec dng coc be tong hoan toan nam
lap dng cac phan cua cac coc trong nen at c quy nh bi quy
pham xay dng chung. oi vi cac
be tong va cac coc khoan lam
phan coc nam trong khong kh, trong
tru cau nam trong at. nc, hoac trong at khong u
kha nang chu tac ong ngang suot
chieu dai coc e tranh b v, th
phai ap dung cac ieu khoan
thiet ke cua quy pham nay cho cac
noi dung tng ng.
Cac hng dan ve coc be tong

c trnh bay chi tiet trong cuon
"Cac hng dan ve thiet ke, che tao,
va Lap at cac coc be tong" ACI 543.
(Trnh bay cac hng dan ve thiet
ke va s dung hau het cac loai
coc be tong oi vi nhieu loai hnh
thi cong).
Cac hng dan ve coc khoan lam

tru cau c trnh bay chi tiet trong
cuon "Cac Phng phap thiet ke va thi
cong hng dan oi vi mong tru
13
cau" ACI 336. (Trnh bay cac hng

dan ve thiet ke va thi cong mong
tru cau ng knh ln hn hoac
bang 2 ft (0,76m) bang phng
phap ao lo trong at roi o be
tong vao).
1.1.6- Viec s dung be tong R1.1.6- "Cac yeu cau quy pham xay
khong cot thep cho cac cau dng ve be tong ket cau khong cot
kien ket cau phai phu hp vi thep", ACI 318.1 bao ham viec thiet
ke va thi cong cac cau kien ket
tieu chuan ACI 318.1-"Cac yeu
cau be tong khong cot thep thch
cau quy pham xay dng ve be hp. ACI 318.1 oi vi be tong
tong ket cau khong cot thep". khong cot thep la ban song song
vi ban ACI 318 oi vi be tong
cot thep. Cung nh ACI 318, ACI 318.1
c viet di dang co the c
chap thuan va thc hien bang
phng thc tham khao quy pham
xay dng chung.
1.1.7- Cac ieu khoan ac biet ve R1.1.7- Cac ieu khoan ac biet ve
sc ben chong chu ong at sc ben chong chu ong at
Cac ieu khoan ac biet ve thiet

ke a chan lan au tien c
gii thieu trong phu luc A cua ban
quy pham xay dng ACI 1971 va c
tiep tuc khong duyet lai trong ACI
318-77. Cac ieu khoan nay au
tien ch nham ap dung cho cac
ket cau be tong cot thep nam
cac vung co mc o a chan cao
nhat.
Cac ieu khoan ac biet nay sau

o c duyet m rong trong lan
xuat ban quy pham nam 1983 e
bo sung them cac yeu cau mi cho
cac ket cau chong ong at chac
chan nam trong cac khu vc co
mc o a chan trung bnh. Trong
ban quy pham nam 1989, cac ieu
khoan ac biet nay c chuyen
vao chng 21.
1.1.7.1- Trong cac khu vc co mc R.1.1.7.1- oi vi cac cong trnh xay

o rui ro a chan thap, khong dng nam cac khu vc co mc
ap dung cac ieu khoan cua o rui ro a chan thap, khong
yeu cau thiet ke hoac chi tiet ac
chng 21.
biet; th phai ap dung cac yeu cau
chung cua phan chnh cua quy pham
nay trong viec bo tr va chi tiet
hoa cong trnh be tong cot thep.
Muc ich cua ACI 318 la cac ket
cau be tong uc bo tr theo phan
chnh cua quy pham nay se at c
mc o ben u chong chu cng
o ong at thap.
1.1.7.2- Trong cac khu vc co mc R.1.1.7.2- Trong cac khu vc co mc

o rui ro a chan trung bnh va o rui ro a chan trung bnh, th
cao, phai thoa man cac ieu khung moment be tong cot thep
c bo tr e chong anh hng
khoan cua chng 21. Xem muc
cua ong at yeu cau mot so chi
21.2.1. tiet cot thep ac biet, theo quy
nh cua muc 21.8 cua chng 21.
14
Cac chi tiet ac biet nay ch ap

dung cho cac khung (dam, cot, va
san) c thiet ke e chu lc
giam ong at. Cac chi tiet ac
biet nay uc d kien tren nguyen
tac e ap dung cho cac khung be
tong khong giang ngang, khi cac
khung o c yeu cau khong
nhng chong chu cac tai trong
thong thng ma con chong chu
cac tai trong ngang do ong at.
Cac chi tiet cot thep ac biet nay
se tao c mot mc o khong
an hoi thch hp neu khung nay
chu tac ong cua ong at vi
cng o nh mc yeu cau cho o
khong an hoi o. Khong co cac
yeu cau ac biet oi vi tng
ket cau e chong chu anh hng
ngang cua gio va ong at, hoac
cua bo phan phi ket cau cua cong
trnh cac khu vc co mc o rui
ro a chan trung bnh. Cac tng
nay c thc hien theo phan than
chnh cua quy pham nay c xem la
co u o ben chong chu o troi
dat d tnh cua khu vc co mc o
rui ro a chan trung bnh.
oi vi cong trnh xay dng nam

cac khu vc co mc o rui ro
a chan cao, th tat cac cac cau
kien xay dng, ket cau hoac phi
ket cau, eu phai thoa man cac
yeu cau cua muc t 21.2 - 21.7 cua
chng 21. Cac ieu khoan bo tr va
chi tiet ac biet nay cua chng 21
nham muc ch at c mot ket
cau be tong cot thep ong nhat
co u "o ben" phi an hoi di
tac ong cua chan ong khac
nghiet do ong at. Xem them muc
R21.2.1.
1.1.7.3- Mc o rui ro a chan R1.1.7.3- nh ngha mc o rui ro

cua mot vung phai c quy a chan thap, trung bnh, cao c
nh bi quy pham xay dng dung trong ACI 318 la khong chnh
xac. Mc o a chan thng c
chung c chap thuan va thc
quy nh trc theo tng vung hoac
hien hp phap ma ban quy tng khu vc co kha nang ong
pham nay la mot bo phan cua at gay nguy hiem, lien quan en
no, hoac c xac nh bi cng o rung cua at, nh la :
chnh quyen s tai. Vung 0- khong nguy hiem; Vung 1-
nguy hiem thap; Vung 2- nguy hiem
trung bnh; Vung 3 va 4- nguy hiem
cao. S tng quan trong bang nay
khong chnh xac va cung khong linh
ong. Bang phan cap nay ch
mang tnh tham khao trong viec dien
giai cac yeu cau cua muc 1.1.7.
Mc o rui ro a chan (Ban o
cac khu vc a chan) c c
o chieu theo quy pham xay dng
chung hn la ACI 318. Trong trng
hp khong co quy pham xay dng
chung ghi ro lc a chan va phan
vung a chan, th muc ch cua ACI
15
318 la c quan chc nang a phng

(ky s, a chat gia, va chuyen vien
qui pham xay dng) nen quyet nh
chon ve yeu cau va viec ap dung
cac ieu khoan ac biet ve thiet
ke a chan. Ban o phan vung
a chan, nh a hng dan trong
Tai lieu Tham Khao 1.9 va 1.10, la
thch hp cho viec lap tng quan vi
rui ro ong at.
1.2- Ban ve va quy trnh ky thuat R1.2- Ban ve va quy trnh ky thuat
1.2.1- Ban sao cua ban ve thiet R1.2.1- Cac ieu khoan ve chuan b
ke, cac chi tiet ien hnh, va ban ve thiet ke va quy trnh ky
quy trnh ky thuat cua toan bo thuat cua quy pham nay, noi chung
thong nhat vi ban ve thiet ke
cong trnh be tong cot thep
va quy trnh ky thuat cua hau het
phai co dau cua mot Ky s cac quy pham xay dng chung va la
hoac Kien truc s a co ang e bo sung cho cac quy pham xay
ky hoat ong. Cac ban ve, chi dng chung o.
tiet va quy trnh ky thuat nay
phai neu ro : Quy pham nay liet ke ra mot so
thong tin quan trong can phai i
(a) Ten va ngay ban hanh cua kem trong ban ve thiet ke, chi tiet
quy pham va phan bo sung ma va quy trnh ky thuat. Quy pham
nay khong nham liet ke mot danh
thiet ke tuan theo.
sach toan bo cac thong tin, co
the co nhieu thong tin khac c
(b) Hoat tai va cac tai trong yeu cau bi Chuyen vien Xay
khac dung trong thiet ke. dng.
(c) Cng o nen quy nh cua

be tong tuoi yeu cau hoac
cac giai oan thi cong ma
moi bo phan o cua ket cau
c thiet ke.
(d) Cng o yeu cau hoac

mac cua cot thep.
(e) Kch thc va v tr cua tat

ca cac chi tiet ket cau va cot
thep.
(f) Bien phap x ly cac thay

oi kch thc do rao, co ngot,
va do nhiet o.
(g) o ln va v tr cua cac

ng lc trc.
(h) o dai moc cua cot thep,

v tr va chieu dai cua moi
noi chong.
(i) Loai va v tr cua moi noi

han va khp noi c hoc cua
cot thep.
1.2.2 - Phan tnh toan trong thiet R1.2.2- D lieu xuat cua may tnh
ke phai i kem vi ban ve o thay the c cho cac bang tnh
khi co yeu cau cua chuyen vien bang tay. Noi dung yeu cau cua d
lieu nhap va xuat thay oi tuy
16
xay dng. Neu s dung chng theo cac yeu cau cu the cua tng
trnh may tnh th co the e trnh Chuyen vien Xay dng. Tuy nhien,
cac gia nh thiet ke, cac d khi ngi thiet ke a s dung
chng trnh may vi tnh th thng
lieu nhap, xuat thay cho cac
ch yeu cau cac d lieu khung. D
bang tnh toan. Cho phep s lieu khung nay phai co u cac d
dung viec phan tch mo hnh e lieu nhap xuat va cac thong tin
ho tr cho phan tnh toan. khac e cho phep Chuyen vien
Xay dng thc hien viec phe duyet
chi tiet va so sanh vi bang tnh
bang cac chng trnh may tnh khac
hoac vi bang tnh tay. Cac d lieu
nhap nen c phan biet bang so
hieu cua cau kien, tai trong tac
dung, va o dai nhp. D lieu
xuat tng ng nen bao gom so
hieu cau kien va lc cat, moment,
va tng tac lc cac iem trong
yeu cua nhp. oi vi viec thiet
ke cot, nen ghi them he so phong
ai moment, neu co.
Quy pham nay cho phep s dung

viec phan tch mo hnh e ho tr
cho viec phan tch va tnh toan ket
cau. Cac tai lieu ve phan tch mo
hnh nen c e trnh cung vi
cac phan tnh toan co lien quan.
Viec phan tch mo hnh nen c
thc hien bi mot Ky s hoac Kien
truc s co kinh nghiem trong ky
thuat phan tch nay.
1.2.3- Chuyen vien Xay dng co R1.2.3- "Chuyen vien Xay dng" la
ngha la can bo hoac nhng thuat ng c dung trong nhieu
nhan vien quyen lc a c quy pham xay dng chung e phan
biet ngi c giao nhiem vu viec
an nh ve viec quan ly hanh
quan ly hanh chnh va sa oi
chnh va sa oi quy pham nay, cac ieu khoan cua quy pham xay
hoac la ai dien c uy quyen dng. Tuy nhien, cac thuat ng nh
hp phap cua ngi nay. "Hoi dong vien Xay dng" hoac
"Giam sat vien Xay dng" cung
c dung vi ngha tng t, va
thuat ng "Chuyen vien Xay dng"
c s dung trong quy pham xay
dng ACI co muc ch bao ham cac
thuat ng sai khac nay va cac
thuat ng khac c dung vi
cung y ngha.
1.3- Giam sat R1.3- Giam sat
Chat lng cua cac ket cau be

tong cot thep phu thuoc rat ln
vao tay nghe thi cong. Vat lieu va
phng phap thiet ke tot nhat se
khong co hieu qua tr phi cong
tac thi cong uc thc hien tot.
Cong tac giam sat c thc hien
e bao am cong trnh theo ung
thiet ke, ban ve va quy trnh ky
thuat. Tnh nang thch hp cua cong
trnh phu thuoc vao viec thi cong
ma viec nay the hien chnh xac
thiet ke va cac yeu cau cua quy
pham, trong pham vi sai so cho phep.
Theo quan iem chung cua xa hoi,
17
th cac quy nh ve xay dng cua

a phng nen yeu cau chu cong
trnh thc hien viec giam sat.
1.3.1 - mc o toi thieu, cong R1.3.1- Nen xem xet en viec giam
tac thi cong be tong phai c sat thi cong cua ky s, kien truc
giam sat theo yeu cau cua quy s hoac di s giam sat cua ky
s hoac kien truc s chu trach
pham xay dng chung c chap
nhiem ve thiet ke v o la ngi
thuan va thc hien hp phap. tot nhat trong viec giam sat cong
Trong trng hp khong co cac trnh phu hp vi thiet ke. Khi
yeu cau nay, th cong tac thi khong thc hien c ieu nay, th
cong be tong phai c giam chu cong trnh co the thc hien
sat trong suot tat ca cac giai viec giam sat cong trnh thong qua
oan thi cong bi ky s hoac cac ky s hoac kien truc s cua
kien truc s, hoac bi mot ai mnh hoac thong qua cac c quan
dien co tham quyen chu trach giam sat oc lap co kha nang
thc hien cong tac giam sat nay.
nhiem trc ky s hoac kien
truc s. Cac van phong xay dng co trach
nhiem phap ly ve cong trnh xay
dng o co the co chuyen mon
va kha nang can thiet e giam
sat viec thi cong be tong cot thep.
Khi cong tac giam sat c thc

hien oc lap vi ngi thiet ke,
th nen thue ngi thiet ke toi
thieu la e giam sat s bo va
quan sat cong trnh cho phu hp vi
cac yeu cau thiet ke cua mnh.
Trong mot so he thong phap ly, th

luat phap a thiet nh cac thu
tuc ang ky hoac cap giay phep
ac biet cho cac phap nhan thc
hien cac chc nang giam sat cu
the nao o.
Trach nhiem giam sat va mc o

giam sat yeu cau nen c thiet
lap trc trong cac hp ong gia
chu cong trnh, kien truc s, ky s
va nha thau. Phai cung cap u
kinh ph hp ly cho cong tac giam
sat va thiet b can thiet e thc
hien tot viec giam sat.
1.3.2- Ngi giam sat phai yeu R1.3.2- Thuat ng "giam sat", trong
cau tuan theo ban ve thiet ke quy pham nay khong co ngha la
va quy trnh ky thuat. Tr phi co ngi giam sat phai theo doi cong
tac thi cong. No co ngha la ngi
quy nh khac trong ban quy
c thue lam giam sat phai lui
pham xay dng chung c chap ti cong trnh vi s can thiet
thuan va thc hien hp phap, thng xuyen e quan sat cac giai
neu khong th cac so theo doi oan thi cong khac nhau va e bao
giam sat phai nh sau : am rang cong viec ang c thc
hien tuan theo van kien hp ong
(a) Chat lng va cap phoi cua va cac yeu cau quy pham. Tnh
vat lieu be tong va cng o thng xuyen phai mc toi
be tong. thieu va u e nam khai quat
ve moi hoat ong thi cong, co the
mot vai lan trong mot ngay hoac
(b) Viec thi cong va thao d mot lan trong mot vai ngay.
van khuon va coc chong lai tai
lau di. Viec giam sat khong the lam
giam trach nhiem cua nha thau
18
(c) Viec lap at cot thep. ve viec tuan thu tuyet oi cac
ban ve va cac quy trnh ky thuat
(d) Viec tron, o, va bao va ve viec at uc chat lng va
so lng vat lieu va nhan cong
dng be tong.
d kien cho cac giai oan thi cong
cong trnh. Ngi giam sat phai co
(e) Trnh t lap at va noi ket mat vi thng xuyen ma ngi
cac cau kien uc san. giam sat coi la can thiet e kiem
tra chat lng va so lng cua
(f) Viec keo cac cap cang tien cong viec cho phu hp vi van
ap. kien hp ong; e t van cac
phng phap co kha nang at ket
(g) Bat k s chat tai trong thi qua mong muon; e quan sat s
phu hp cua he thong van khuon
cong ang chu y tren cac
(mac du trach nhiem cua nha
san, cau kien, tng a hoan thau la thiet ke va thi cong van
thanh. khuon ay u va bao am van
khuon ung v tr cho en khi co
(h) Tien o thi cong chung. the thao d an toan); e quan sat
cot thep c at ung v tr; de
quan sat betong ung chat lng,
c o va bao dng thch hp;
va e quan sat viec thc hien
ung yeu cau cua cac th nghiem
kiem tra chat lng.
Quy pham nay trnh bay cac yeu

cau toi thieu ve viec giam sat
tat ca cac ket cau trong pham vi
noi dung cua quy pham nay. No
khong phai la mot quy trnh ky
thuat va bat ky ngi s dung
quy pham nao cung co the yeu
cau cac tieu chuan cao hn mc
c trch dan trong quy pham hp
luat, neu cac yeu cau bo sung la
can thiet.
Cac phng phap hng dan ve

viec to chc va thc hien giam
sat be tong c trnh bay chi tiet
trong cuon "Hng dan Giam sat Be
tong". (thiet lap cac phng phap
lien quan en thi cong be tong e
lam tai lieu hng dan cho chu
cong trnh, kien truc s, va ky s
trong viec lap chng trnh giam
sat).
Cac phng phap chi tiet ve giam

sat thi cong be tong c trnh bay
trong cuon "So tay Giam sat Be tong
ACI" (SP2) c bao cao bi Hoi
ong ACI 311. (Mo ta cac phng
phap giam sat thi cong be tong
c chap nhan la ky thuat tot.
c xem la tai lieu bo sung cho
quy trnh ky thuat va la phan
hng dan cho cac van e khong
co trong quy trnh ky thuat).
1.3.3- Khi nhiet o xung quanh R1.3.3- Thuat ng "nhiet o moi

xuong di 40oF hoac len qua trng xung quanh" co ngha la
95oF, th phai ghi lai nhiet o be nhiet o moi trng ma be tong
tiep xuc trc tiep. Nhiet o be
tong va viec bao ve be tong
tong c s dung trong phan nay
trong o va bao dng be co the c o theo nhiet o
19
tong. khong kh gan be mat be tong; tuy

nhien, trong khi tron va o be
tong, nen o nhiet o cua hon
hp be tong.
1.3.4- Cac so theo doi giam sat R1.3.4- Mot so theo doi giam sat
c yeu cau trong muc 1.3.2 va di dang nhat ky hien trng
1.3.3 phai do ky s hoac kien c yeu cau khi co van e phat
sinh ve sau, lien quan en tnh nang
truc s giam sat bao quan
hoac s an toan cua ket cau hoac
trong 2 nam sau khi hoan thanh cua cau kien. Cung co the can
cong trnh. ti hnh chup lam tai lieu cho tien
o thi cong.
Cac so theo doi giam sat phai

c bao quan t nhat 2 nam sau khi
hoan thanh cong trnh. Ngay hoan
thanh cong trnh la ngay chu cong
trnh nghiem thu cong trnh hoac
ngay cap chng ch ve viec s
dung cong trnh. Quy pham xay dng
chung hoac cac yeu cau luat phap
khac co the yeu cau thi gian
bao quan lau hn oi vi cac so
nh the.
1.3.5- oi vi cac khung moment R1.3.5- Giam sat - Muc ch cua phan
chong chu cac lc a chan nay la nham bao am rang cac
trong cac ket cau c thiet ke chi tiet ac biet c yeu cau
trong khung be tong de uon c
phu hp vi chng 21 va nam
thi cong thch hp thong qua viec
cac khu vc co mc o rui giam sat cua nhan vien co trach
ro a chan cao, th phai c mot nhiem c tuyen chon e thc
giam sat vien co chuyen mon hien cong viec nay. Viec tuyen
ac biet di s giam sat cua chon ngi giam sat phai c
ngi chu trach nhiem thiet ke xac nh bi c quan quyen lc sa
ket cau e giam sat lien tuc oi bo sung quy pham xay dng
viec lap at cot thep va o chung.
be tong.
1.4- Nghiem thu cac he thong ac 1.4- Nghiem thu cac he thong ac biet
biet ve thiet ke va thi cong ve thiet ke va thi cong
Cac phng phap thiet ke mi, cac

Ngi bao am cua bat ky he
vat lieu mi, va cac ng dung
thong thiet ke va thi cong nao mi cua vat lieu phai trai qua
thuoc noi dung cua quy pham mot qua trnh phat trien mi c
nay, ma tnh ay u cua no a vao mot quy pham. V vay, cac
a c chng minh thong qua he thong hoac bo phan cua he
viec ap dung thanh cong, qua thong tot co the khong c s
phan tch hoac qua th nghiem, dung ch v do d neu khong co u
nhng khong phu hp vi hoac bien phap e chap thuan.
khong nam trong pham vi ap
oi vi cac he thong ac biet
dung cua quy pham nay, eu co
c xem xet theo muc nay, th cac
quyen e trnh cac d lieu lam th nghiem chuyen biet, cac he so
can c thiet ke en Chuyen tai trong, gii han o vong, va
vien Xay dng hoac en hoi cac yeu cau lien quan khac phai
ong giam khao c ch nh c thiet lap bi hoi ong giam
bi Chuyen vien Xay dng. Hoi khao, va phai thong nhat vi muc
ong giam khao nay phai bao ch cua quy pham.
gom cac ky s co tham quyen
va phai co quyen tham tra cac Cac ieu khoan cua muc nay
khong ap dung cho cac th nghiem
d lieu c e trnh, quyen
mo hnh c dung e ho tr cho
yeu cau th nghiem, va quyen viec tnh toan theo muc 1.2.2 hoac
thiet lap cac nguyen tac chi
20
phoi thiet ke va thi cong cua ho tr cho viec xac nh cng o

cac he thong o e at muc cua ket cau hien hu theo chng
ch cua quy pham nay. Nhng 20.
nguyen tac nay, khi c chap
thuan bi Chuyen vien Xay
dng va c cong bo th phai
co cung hieu lc va anh
hng nh cac ieu khoan cua
quy pham nay.
21
CHNG 2 - NH NGHA
QUI PHAM DIEN GIAI

2.1. - Cac thuat ng sau ay c 2.1- e viec ap dung quy pham
nh ngha cho muc ch s dung nay c thong nhat, th can
chung cua quy pham nay. Cac thiet phai nh ngha cac thuat
ng khi chung co cac ngha
thuat ng chuyen dung khac
rieng trong quy pham nay. Cac
c trnh bay rieng trong tng nh ngha c a ra ay ch
chng. nham s dung trong quy pham
nay va khong phai luon luon
Phu gia - La cac vat lieu khong tng ng vi cach dung thong
phai la nc, cot lieu, hoac xi thng. T ien cua hau het
mang thuy lc, c dung nh cac thuat ng c dung co
mot thanh phan cua be tong va lien quan en san xuat xi mang,
c tron vao be tong trc thiet ke va thi cong be tong,
va nghien cu be tong c
hoac trong khi tron e bo sung
trnh bay trong cuon "Thuat ng
ac tnh cua be tong. ve Xi mang va Be tong", ACI 116.
Theo nh ngha cua quy pham

Cot lieu - La vat lieu hat, nh la nay, "be tong cat nhe" la be
cat, soi, a dam, va x lo luyen tong ket cau nhe vi tat ca
cac thanh phan cot lieu mn
thep, c s dung cung vi mot
eu c thay the bi cat. nh
moi trng xi mang e tao nen ngha nay co the khong thong
be tong hoac va xi mang thuy nhat vi cach dung cua mot
lc. so nha cung cap hoac nha thau
cho la phan ln, ch khong
Cot lieu nhe - La cot lieu co trong phai la tat ca cot lieu mn nhe
lng xop, kho nho hn hoac eu c thay the bi cat. e
bang 70 lb/ft3. ap dung tot cac ieu khoan
cua quy pham nay, th phai quy
nh cac gii han thay the, bang
phng phap noi suy khi thay the
cat khong hoan toan.
S moc neo - Trong thi cong keo Cot thep gai c nh ngha la
cang sau, la thiet b c dung thep gai thoa man cac quy trnh
e neo cap ng lc vao cau kien ky thuat trong muc 3.5.3.1, hoac
cac quy trnh ky thuat trong cac
be tong; trong thi cong keo cang
muc 3.5.3.3, 3.5.3.4, 3.5.3.5, hoac
trc, o la thiet b c dung 3.5.3.6. Khong s dung cac thanh
e neo cap ng lc trong suot hoac cac li thep loai khac.
thi gian be tong ong cng. nh ngha nay cho phep yeu
cau chnh xac ve chieu dai
Cap ng lc c lien ket - La cap moc. Cac thanh thep hoac si
ng lc keo trc c lien ket thep khong at cac yeu cau ve
vi be tong trc tiep hoac thong ng gai hoac cac li thep
qua va lien ket. khong at cac yeu cau ve
khoang cach gia cac si li
c goi la cot thep trn (plain
Chuyen vien xay dng - Xem muc reinforcement) oi vi cac muc
1.2.3. ch cua quy pham nay, va co
the ch c s dung cho ai
xoan.
Cac vat lieu cha xi mang - La cac Mot so nh ngha ve tai trong
vat lieu c quy nh trong chng c a ra di dang yeu cau
3, chung co tnh chat xi mang khi cua quy pham phai c thoa
man nhieu mc o tai trong
dung rieng no cho be tong nh
khac nhau. Cac thuat ng "tnh
la xi mang portland hoac xi mang
22
thuy lc hon hp, hoac phoi hp tai" va "hoat tai" lien he ti

vi x lo nung, cac pozzolan t cac tai trong khong he so (tai
nhien tho hoac a nung, va/hoac trong lam viec) c quy nh va
nh ngha bi quy pham xay
x lo nung a nghien thanh hat.
dng a phng. Cac tai trong
lam viec (tai trong khong he
Cot - La cau kien co ty le gia so) c s dung khi c quy
chieu cao/ kch thc ngang nho nh trong quy pham nay e phan
nhat bang 3 hoac ln hn c bo va khao sat kha nang lam
s dung chu yeu e chu tai viec thch hp cua cac cau kien
trong nen doc truc. nh trong muc 9.5- ieu khien s
uon vong. La cac tai trong c
uc be tong theo kieu ghep lai cac s dung e phan phoi cng
o ay u cho mot cau kien
cau kien chu uon - La uc be
c nh ngha la "tai trong co
tong cac cau kien chu uon cua he so". Cac tai trong co he so
cac thanh phan be tong uc la cac tai trong lam viec c
san va hoac o tai cho c thi nhan vi mot he so tai trong
cong theo tng giai oan o be thch hp oc quy nh trong muc
tong rieng le, nhng c lien 9.2 oi vi cng o quy nh.
ket vi nhau e cung chu lc Thuat ng "tai trong thiet ke"
chung nh mot n v cau kien. c dung trong an ban quy
pham nam 1971 co ngha la cac
tai trong c nhan them mot
Be tong - La hon hp cua xi mang
he so thch hp khong c tiep
portland hoac bat ky loai xi mang tuc dung na trong ban 1977 e
thuy hoa nao khac, cot lieu mn, tranh nham lan vi thuat ng
cot lieu tho, nc, va co hoac tai trong thiet ke c dung
khong co phu gia. trong cac quy pham xay dng
chung e ch cac tai trong lam
Cng o nen quy nh cua be tong viec, hoac cac tai trong a
(f'c) - Cng o nen cua be tong c cung cap trong cac cong
c s dung trong thiet ke va trnh. Thuat ng tai trong co he
so, oc chap thuan va s dung
anh gia theo cac ieu khoan
lan au tien trong quy pham nam
cua chng 5, tnh theo n v lb/in 2 1977, lam cho de hieu khi cac he
(psi). Khi nao ai lng f'c nam di so tai trong c ap dung cho
dau can th co ngha la can bac mot tr so tai trong, momen,
2, va ket qua c tnh theo n v hoac lc cat nh c s dung
lb/in.2 (psi). trong cac ieu khoan cua quy
pham nay.
Theo nh ngha cua quy pham, be

tong khong cot thep la be
tong khong co cot thep hoac
cha t cot thep hn lng quy
nh toi thieu cho be tong cot
thep.
Be tong ket cau cot lieu nhe - La Be tong cot thep c nh
be tong cha cot lieu nhe phu ngha la bao gom ca be tong
hp vi muc 3.3 va co trong lng tien ap. Mac du vai tro cua
mot cau kien be tong tien ap
n v kho ngoai khong kh (air-dry
khong co cap tien ap c lien
unit weight) khi xac nh theo ket co the thay oi so vi cac
"Phng phap Th nghiem Trong cau kien co cac cap tien ap
lng n v cua be tong ket cau c lien ket lien tuc, be tong
nhe" (ASTM C 567), khong ln hn tien ap c lien ket hoac
115lb/ft3. Trong quy pham nay, be khong lien ket c gop chung
tong cot lieu nhe khong co cat trong mot thuat ng cung goc
t nhien c goi la "be tong la "be tong cot thep". Cac
hoan toan nhe" va be tong nhe ieu khoan ap dung chung cho
ca be tong tien ap va be
co tat ca cac cot lieu mn la
tong cot thep thng c trnh
cat thng th c goi la "be bay chung e tranh trung lap
tong cot lieu nhe - cat". va mau thuan lan nhau.
Ma sat cong - La ma sat hnh thanh Cng o tai mat cat ngang cua
23
do cac oan cong hoac uon trong mot ket cau c tnh vi cac
mat cat cap tien ap quy nh. gia nh tieu chuan, cac phng
trnh thiet ke, cac tr so cng
o va kch thc danh ngha (quy
Cot thep gai - La cac thanh cot
nh) cua vat lieu c xem la
thep gai, cac li thanh, cac si "cng o danh ngha"; cng o
thep gai, cac li han thep trn, tai trong doc truc danh ngha (Pn),
va cac li han thep gai phu cng o momen danh ngha (Mn),
hp vi 3.5.3. va cng o cat danh ngha (Vn).
"Cng o thiet ke" hoac cng
Chieu dai khai trien - La chieu dai o s dung cua mot cau kien
cua cot thep c at vao c hoac mot mat cat ngang la
yeu cau e phat trien cng o cng o danh ngha c giam
thiet ke cua cot thep tai mat i theo he so giam cng o .
cat cc han. Xem 9.3.3.
Tai trong doc truc, cng o
momen, va cng o cat c
Chieu cao hieu dung cua mat cat (d) - yeu cau c s dung e bo tr
La khoang cach c o t si cau kien c xem la cac tai
chu nen ngoai bien en ng trong doc truc co he so, momen
tam quay cua cot thep chu keo. co he so, va lc cat co he
so, hoac la tai trong doc truc,
ng lc trc hieu dung - La ng momen, hoac lc cat c yeu
lc ton tai tren cap tien ap sau cau. Anh hng cua tai trong
co he so c tnh t cac tai
khi xay ra het cac ton that, ngoai
trong va cac lc tac dung co
tr cac anh hng cua tnh tai he so nh la cac tong hp lc
va tai trong them vao. c quy nh trong quy pham
nao(Muc 9.2).
Chieu dai at san - La chieu dai
cua cot thep c at vao vt Ch so di u ch c dung e
qua mat cat ti han. ch cac cng o yeu cau;
cng o tai trong doc truc yeu
Lc kch - Trong be tong tien ap, la cau (Pu), cng o momen yeu
cau (Mu), va cng o cat yeu
lc tam thi xuat hien do thiet b
cau (Vu), c tnh toan t cac
truyen lc keo vao cap tien ap. tai trong va lc tac dung co he
so.
Tnh tai - La trong lng tnh c
chong bi mot cau kien, theo Yeu cau c ban ve thiet ke
nh ngha cua quy pham xay dng cng o nay co the c bieu
chung ma quy pham nay la mot dien nh sau :
bo phan (khong co cac he so
tai trong). Cng o thiet ke cng o
yeu cau
Tai trong co he so - La tai trong
Pn Pu
c nhan vi cac he so tai
Mn M u
trong thch hp, c dung e
Vn Vu
phan bo cac tai trong bang Xem phan dien giai, chng 9 e
phng phap thiet ke cng o. biet them cac thao luan ve
Xem 8.1.1 va 9.2. quan iem nay va thuat ng ve
Hoat tai - La tai trong c quy thiet ke cng o.
nh bi quy pham xay dng chung,
ma quy pham nay la mot bo Thuat ng "cau kien chu nen"
phan (khong co cac he so tai c dung trong quy pham nay
trong). e xac nh bat ky cau kien
nao co ng suat chnh la lc
Tai trong lam viec - La tai trong
nen doc. Mot cau kien nh vay
c quy nh bi quy pham xay khong can phai thang ng ma
dng chung, ma quy pham nay la co the theo bat ky hng nao
mot bo phan (khong co cac he trong khong gian. Cac tng, cot
so tai trong). va be chu lc c xem la cac
Mo dun an hoi - La ty le gia cau kien chu nen theo nh
ng lc thng vi lc gay nen ngha nay.
ng suat keo hoac nen di
24
mc gii han ty le cua vat lieu. S phan biet gia cot va tng
Xem 8.5. trong quy pham nay c can c
Be - La cau kien nen thang vao muc ch s dung chnh, hn
la moi quan he tng oi gia
ng co ty le gia chieu cao
chieu cao va cac kch thc mat
khong c chong gi vi kch cat ngang. Tuy nhien, quy pham
thc ngang trung bnh nho nhat nay cho phep thiet ke tng vi
nho hn 3. nhng nguyen tac phat bieu cho
Be tong khong cot thep - La be thiet ke cot (muc 14.4), cung nh
tong khong ung vi nh ngha la phng phap kinh nghiem (muc
ve be tong cot thep. 14.5).
Cot thep trn - La cot thep khong
ung vi nh ngha ve cot thep
gai, xem muc 3.5.4.
ng lc sau - La phng phap ng
lc trc trong o cap tien ap
c keo cang sau khi be tong a
ong cng.
Be tong uc san - La cau kien
be tong cot thep hoac khong
cot thep c uc ni khac
khong phai la v tr cuoi cung
cua no.
Be tong tien ap - La be tong cot
thep trong o a truyen cac ng
lc trong e giam cac ng suat
keo tiem tang trong be tong c
hnh thanh do chu tai.
ng lc trc - La phng phap
ng lc trc trong o cap tien
ap c keo trc khi be tong
c o vao.
Be tong cot thep - La be tong
c tang cng vi lng cot
thep khong nho hn lng yeu
cau toi thieu trong quy pham nay,
la be tong tien ap hoac khong
tien ap, va c thiet ke vi
gia nh la hai loai vat lieu nay
tng tac vi nhau trong viec chu
lc.
Cot thep - La vat lieu phu hp
vi muc 3.5, khong ke en cac
cap tien ap, tr phi c ac
biet ke en.
o dai nhp - Xem muc 8.7.

Cot thep ai xoan - La cot thep
c cuon lien tuc theo dang xoan
oc lang tru.
Cng o keo t - La cng o

be tong c xac nh theo ASTM
C496 nh mo ta trong "Quy trnh Ky
thuat Tieu chuan ve Cot lieu nhe
dung cho Be tong Ket cau" (ASTM
C 330). Xem muc 5.1.4.
ai chu lc (stirrup) - La cot thep
c dung e chong chu lc cat
va cac ng lc xoan trong cau
kien ket cau; la cac thanh, cac
25
si ien hnh, hoac cac li han

si thep (trn hoac gai) la oan
thang hoac uon hnh ch L, U,
hoac hnh ch nhat, va c at
vuong goc vi hoac hp mot goc
vi cot thep doc. (Thuat ng "ai
chu lc" thng c dung cho
cot thep ngang trong cac cau kien
chu uon va thuat ng "ai cau
tao" ap dung cho cac cau kien
chu nen). ong thi xem ch ai
cau tao.
Cng o thiet ke - La cng o

danh ngha nhan vi mot he so
giam cng o . Xem muc 9.3.
Cng o danh ngha - La cng o

cua mot cau kien hoac cua mot
mat cat ngang vi cac ieu
khoan va cac gia nh cua
phng phap thiet ke cng o
cua quy pham nay trc khi nhan
vi bat ky he so giam cng
o nao. Xem muc 9.3.1.
Cng o yeu cau - La cng o

cua mot cau kien hoac cua mot
mat cat ngang c yeu cau e
chong chu cac tai trong co he
so hoac cac momen va lc ben
trong co lien quan trong cac tong
hp lc c quy nh trong quy
pham nay Xem muc 9.1.1.
ng lc - La cng o lc tren
mot n v dien tch.
Cap tien ap - La chi tiet thep nh

la si thep, cap thep, thanh thep,
day thep, hoac tao thep, bo thep
cua cac chi tiet thep nay, c
s dung e tac dung ng lc
trc cho be tong.
ai cau tao (tie) - La vong ai cua

cot thep hoac li thep c
dung e bao cot thep doc. ong
thi xem ch ai chu lc.
Truyen lc - La qua trnh truyen

ng lc trong cap tien ap t kch
hoac be ng lc vao cau kien
be tong.
Tng - La cau kien, thng la
thang ng, c dung e bao kn
hoac phan cat khong gian.
Ma sat dao ong - Trong be tong

tien ap, la ma sat gay ra do o
26
lech ngau nhien cua ban hoac

ong tien ap so vi mat cat quy
nh cua no.
Gii han chay - Gii han chay nho

nhat quy nh hoac la iem chay
cua cot thep tnh theo lb/in 2. phai
c xac nh khi keo theo cac
tieu chuan ASTM tng ng nh
c mo ta trong muc 3.5 cua quy
pham nay.
PHAN 2 - CAC TIEU CHUAN VE TH

NGHIEM VA VAT LIEU
CHNG 3 - VAT LIEU
QUY PHAM DIEN GIAI
3.0- Chu thch
fy = gii han chay c quy nh

cua cot thep khong tien ap, psi.
3.1- Cac th nghiem ve vat lieu R3.1- Cac th nghiem ve vat lieu
3.1.1- Chuyen vien Xay dng co

quyen yeu cau th nghiem bat ky
vat lieu nao c dung trong thi
cong be tong e xac nh vat
lieu ung tieu chuan c quy nh.
3.1.2- Cac th nghiem ve vat lieu

va be tong phai c thc hien
theo cac tieu chuan c liet ke
trong muc 3.8.
3.1.3- Mot so theo doi ay u ve R3.1.3- So theo doi th nghiem vat lieu
vat lieu va be tong phai co san va be tong phai c bao quan toi
e giam sat trong qua trnh thi cong thieu trong 2 nam sau khi hoan thanh
cong trnh. Ngay hoan thanh cong trnh
va trong 2 nam sau khi hoan thanh
la ngay chu cong trnh chap thuan d
cong trnh, va phai c bao quan an hoac khi phat hanh chng nhan s
bi ky s hoac kien truc s giam dung. Cac yeu cau luat phap a phng
sat vat lieu va be tong. co the yeu cau bao quan cac so nay
lau hn.
3.2- Xi mang R3.2- Xi mang
3.2.1- Xi mang phai phu hp vi

mot trong nhng quy trnh sau ay :
(a) "Quy trnh Ky thuat ve Xi mang

Portland" (ASTM C150).
(b) "Quy trnh Ky thuat ve Xi mang
thuy lc hon hp" (ASTM C595),
khong ke loai S va SA la cac
27
loai khong dung lam thanh

phan xi mang chu yeu cho be
tong ket cau.
3.2.2- Xi mang s dung cho cong R3.2.2- Tuy thuoc vao cac trng hp
trnh phai tng ng vi xi mang ma, ieu khoan 3.2.2 co the yeu cau
c dung e la chon cap phoi ch cung mot loai xi mang hoac xi
mang t mot nguon nhat nh. Yeu cau
be tong. Xem muc 5.2.
mot nguon nhat nh c ap dung trong
trng hp o lech tieu chuan cua cac
th nghiem cng o, c s dung trong
viec thiet lap gii han cng o yeu
cau, c can c vao mot loai xi mang
c nhap t cung mot nguon. Neu o
lech tieu chuan c can c vao cac
th nghiem co lien quan en mot loai xi
mang cu the c nhap t mot vai
nguon khac nhau, th se ap dung yeu
cau cung mot loai xi mang.
3.3- Cot lieu 3.3- Cot lieu
3.3.1- Cot lieu cho be tong phai

phu hp vi mot trong cac quy trnh
sau :
(a) Quy trnh Ky thuat ve Cot lieu

cho Be tong" (ASTM C 33).
(b) "Quy trnh Ky thuat ve Cot lieu

nhe dung cho Be tong ket cau"
(ASTM C330).
Ngoai le -Cot lieu a qua th

nghiem ac biet hoac qua s dung
thc te a chng minh c kha
nang tao ra be tong u cng o
va o ben va c chap thuan
bi Chuyen vien Xay dng.
3.3.2- Kch thc danh ngha ln R3.3.2- Nen lu y rang, cot lieu phu
nhat cua cot lieu tho phai: hp vi cac quy trnh ky thuat ASTM
khong phai luon luon co san va, trong
mot so trng hp, cac vat lieu khong
(a) khong ln hn 1/5 khoang cach
phu hp vi ASTM lai co mot qua trnh
hep nhat gia cac be mat cua s dung lau dai tot. Nhng vat lieu
van khuon, hoac khong phu hp o c phep dung vi
s chap thuan ac biet khi c cung
(b) khong ln hn 1/3 o day cua cap cac tai lieu minh chng ve ac tnh
san, hoac thoa man chap thuan c. Tuy nhien,
phai lu y rang, cac tnh nang thoa
(c) khong ln hn 3/4 khoang cach man t trc khong bao am c tnh
ngan nhat gia cac thanh thep nang tot trong cac ieu kien khac va
cac a phng khac. Khi nao co the
hoac si thep, hoac bo thanh, hoac
c th nen s dung cot lieu phu hp
cac cap hoac ong tien ap. vi quy trnh ky thuat a an nh.
Khong c ap dung cac gii han R3.3.3- Cac gii han kch thc cua cot
nay, neu theo s xem xet cua Ky lieu c a ra e bao am lp boc
s, ac tnh thi cong va cac phng cot thep va giam thieu lo rong to ong;
phap am nen co the am bao Lu y rang cac gii han ve kch thc
cho be tong khong b ro to ong cc ai cua cot lieu co the c bo
hoac rong ben ngoai. qua, neu theo s xem xet cua Ky s, ac
tnh thi cong va cac phng phap am
28
nen be tong c dung co the lam cho

be tong c o khong b ro to ong
hoac co vet rong. Trong trng hp nay,
ky s phai quyet nh xem co bo qua
cac gii han ve kch thc cc ai cua
cot lieu hay khong.
3.4- Nc R3.4- Nc
3.4.1- Nc c dung e tron be R3.4.1- Phan ln nc t nhien uong

tong phai sach va khong co lng c va khong co mau hoac v ro ret
cac chat dau, axit, kiem, muoi, eu thch hp lam nc tron cho be
tong. Tap chat trong nc tron, khi qua
chat hu c, hoac cac tap chat
nhieu, co the khong ch anh hng
khac u mc gay hai cho be tong en thi gian ong ran, cng o be
hoac cot thep. tong, va o on nh the tch (s thay
oi chieu dai), ma con gay nen s len
hoa hoac s an mon cot thep. Khi co
the, th khong nen s dung nc co
nong o cac chat khong tan cao.
Muoi, hoac cac chat oc hai khac c

a vao t cot lieu hoac phu gia la
lng bo sung them cho lng chat oc
hai co the co san trong nc tron. Cac
lng cho them nay phai c xem xet
khi anh gia kha nang chap thuan tong
lng tap chat co the gay hai en be
tong hoac cot thep.
3.4.2- Nc tron cho be tong tien

ap hoac cho be tong co cac chi
tiet nhom at san, ke ca phan
nc tron c a vao di dang
o am t do trong cot lieu, khong
c cha lng ion clorua u mc
gay hai. Xem muc 4.4.1.
3.4.3- Nc khong uong c khong

c s dung cho be tong tr phi
thoa man cac ieu sau ay :
3.4.3.1- Viec chon cap phoi be

tong phai c can c vao cac
me tron co s dung nc t cung
nguon o.
3.4.3.2- Cac mau lap phng th

nghiem c uc vi nc khong
uong c phai co cng o 7
ngay va 28 ngay tng ng vi
toi thieu la 90 % cng o cua
cac mau tng t c uc vi
nc uong c. So sanh th nghiem
cng o phai c thc hien tren
va giong nhau, ch khac nc
tron, c chuan b va th nghiem
theo "Phng phap Th nghiem cng
o nen cua Va Xi mang thuy lc
(dung mau lap phng 2 in- hoac 50
mm)" (ASTM C 109).
3.5- Cot thep R3.5- Cot thep

29
3.5.1- Cot thep phai la cot thep R3.5.1- Cac vat lieu c phep dung
gai, ngoai tr cot thep trn c cho lam cot thep phai c quy nh. Cac
phep oi vi cau kien xoan oc chi tiet kim loai khac, nh cac chi tiet
at san, buloong neo, hoac cot thep trn
va cap tien ap; va cot thep bao
dung cho cac nem cac mach noi co
gom thep ket cau, ong thep, hoac gian hoac co ngot, thng khong c
ong thep gia cong c cho phep xem la cot thep theo cac ieu khoan
theo quy nh cua quy pham nay. cua quy pham nay.
3.5.2- Cac thanh cot thep c han R3.5.2- Cot thep khong c han ma
phai c ch nh trong ban ve va khong xet en ac tnh han cua thep
phai quy nh phng phap han c va cac phng phap han thch hp. Khi
yeu cau han, th quy trnh thi cong nen
dung. Thanh cot thep theo quy trnh
phai bao gom nhng cong viec nay.
ky thuat ASTM, ngoai tr ASTM A 706, iem quan tam quan trong nhat la
phai c kem theo mot bao cao phng phap han c quy nh va ac
ve cac ac tnh vat lieu can thiet tnh han cua thep phai tng thch. AWS
e phu hp vi cac phng phap D1.4 trnh bay cac ky thuat han e
han c quy nh trong "Quy pham ngh, ke ca nhiet o trc khi han va
han ket cau - Han cot thep" (AWS nhiet o gia cac ng han can c
D1.4) cua HIep hoi han My. vao ng lng carbon (CE) tnh theo cong
thc thanh phan hoa hoc trong bao cao
th nghiem cua nha san xuat thep. Tuy
nhien, ky s phai lu y rang ket qua
phan tch thanh phan hoa hoc yeu cau
e tnh toan ng lng carbon thng
khong c cung cap bi nha san xuat
cot thep. Khi co yeu cau han, th quy
trnh ky thuat han phai yeu cau rieng
ve ket qua phan tch thanh phan hoa
hoc (ngoai tr ASTM A706), ngoai cac
yeu cau cua tieu chuan ASTM. AWS D1.4
ong thi cung trnh bay cac yeu cau
ve kim loai pha khi han.
Bang 5.2 cua AWS D1.4 trnh bay cac

mc nhiet o ot nong trc khi han
va gia cac ng han c yeu cau
oi vi mot pham vi ng lng carbon
va kch thc thanh thep.
e khong che thanh phan hoa hoc cua

thep trong mot pham vi cu the e thoa
man mot phng phap han quy nh, th
thep theo cac quy trnh ASTM phai c
bo sung yeu cau ac biet nay, va yeu
cau nay phai c an nh trong quy
trnh hp ong. Nen lu y rang ASTM
A706 c phat trien e ac biet ap
dung cho cong tac han va a co mot
gii han hoa hoc vi mc ng lng
carbon cc ai, no khong can en cac
yeu cau bo sung nay.
Thng la can thiet phai han tren cac

thanh cot thep hien co trong mot ket
cau khi khong co san bao cao th
thep cua nha che tao. ieu nay ac
biet thng xay ra trong cac phan
chuyen tiep hoac cac ket cau co gian
n. AWS D1.4 yeu cau phai thc hien
viec phan tch thanh phan hoa hoc oi
vi cac dang cot thep nay hoac yeu
cau phai gia nh ham lng carbon "ln
hn 0,75" oi vi cot thep nay (chung
yeu cau nhiet o ot nong trc toi
30
thieu la 500oF). Cac phng phap dung

e han loai cot thep ac biet nay
phai la cac phng phap c quy nh
trong AWS D1.4. ong thi Ky s cung
phai xac nh xem co yeu cau cac
bien phap e phong khac hay khong,
can c vao cac yeu to can quan tam
khac nh mc o ng lc trong cot thep
nay, anh hng cua phan khong at
yeu cau, va s pha hoai nhiet oi vi
be tong trong khi han.
Han si thep vi si thep, hoac si

thep hoac li thep han vi thanh cot
thep khong c trnh bay trong AWS D1.4.
Neu hnh thc han nay c yeu cau
oi vi mot cong trnh, th Ky s phai
quy nh cac phng phap hoac cac ch
tieu tnh nang cho cong tac han nay.
Neu phai han cac si thep gia cong
keo nguoi, th cac phng phap han
phai neu ro kha nang giam gii han
chay va ac tnh deo at c do ky
thuat keo nguoi (trong khi che tao) khi
cac si nay b ot nong do han. Ky
thuat han may hoac han ien tr s
dung khi gia cong li thep han c bao
ham trong ASTM A185 va A496 va khong
phai la bo phan lien quan vi phan
nay.
Neu cac thanh cot thep co lp ma c

han, th Ky s phai quy nh bat ky cac
yeu cau bo sung nao oi vi cac thanh
thuoc AWS D1.4, nh la viec loai bo lp
phu kem hoac epoxy e han va viec
phu lai lp mi tai hien trng khu
vc han neu co yeu cau bao ve thep.
3.5.3- Cot thep gai R3.5.3- Cot thep gai
3.5.3.1- Cot thep gai phai phu hp R3.5.3.1- ASTM A615 ap dung cho cac
vi mot trong cac quy trnh ky thuat thanh cot thep gai dang billet-steel thng
sau : dung trong thi cong cot thep tai My. Quy
trnh nay cung yeu cau tat ca cac
thanh thep loai billet-steel phai c ky
(a) "Quy trnh Ky thuat ve thanh thep hieu bang ch S.
(loai billet-steel) gai va thep trn
dung lam cot thep cho be tong
(ASTM A615).
(b) "Quy trnh Ky thuat ve thanh thep Cac thanh thep gai loai rail-steel c s
(loai rail-steel) gai va thep trn dung dung cho quy pham nay phai phu hp
lam cot thep cho be tong (ASTM vi ASTM A 616 ke cac yeu cau phu S1,
c ky hieu bi ch R, ngoai ky hieu
A616, ke ca yeu cau S1).
cho loai thep rail-steel. S1 quy nh cac
yeu cau chat che hn oi vi cac th
(c) "Quy trnh Ky thuat ve thanh thep nghiem uon.
(loai Axle-steel) gai va thep trn dung
lam cot thep cho be tong (ASTM ASTM A706 ap dung cho thanh thep gai hp
A617). kim thap d kien dung cho cac cong
dung ac biet co cong tac uon hoac
(d) "Quy trnh Ky thuat ve thanh thep han. Quy trnh nay yeu cau cac thanh
gai hp kim thap dung lam cot thep phai c ky hieu ch W cho loai thep.
cho be tong (ASTM A706).
3.5.3.2- Cho phep s dung cot thep R3.5.3.2- ASTM A615 bao ham cac ieu
31
gai co gii han chay quy nh fy ln khoan oi vi cac thanh thep mac 75
hn 60.000 psi, mien la fy phai co vi cac kch thc so 11, 14 va 18.
ng suat tng ng vi bien dang
Gii han 0,35% bien dang la can thiet
0,35 %, mat khac cot thep phai
e bao am cho gia nh cua bieu o
tuan theo mot trong cac tieu chuan ng lc keo an hoi deo trong muc
ASTM c liet ke trong muc 3.5.3.1. 10.2.4 khong at cac tr so cng o
Xem 9.4. chu keo khong an toan.
Yeu cau bien dang 0,35 khong c ap

dung cho cac thanh cot thep co gii han
chay nho hn hoac bang 60.000 psi. oi
vi cot thep co gii han chay 40.000
psi, nh loai ang c s dung nhieu, th
gia nh ng cong lc -ng suat an
hoi-deo c chng minh ung an
bang cac d lieu th nghiem nhieu ni.
oi vi thep co gii han chay cao hn,
en 60.000 psi, th ng cong lc-ng
suat co the la an hoi-deo hoac
khong nh gia nh trong muc 10.2.4, tuy
thuoc vao cac ac tnh cua thep va ky
thuat che tao thep. Tuy nhien, khi ng
cong lc-ng suat khong phai la an
hoi-deo, th ket qua thc nghiem co
gii han cho thay rang ng suat thc
cua thep mc cng o cc han co
the khong u nho hn gii han chay
quy nh e thc hien them cac th
nghiem nham khong che chat che hn
cac ch tieu co the ap dung c oi
vi thep co fy ln hn 60.000 psi. Trong
cac trng hp nay, co the tang he
so e phong nga cac sai lech ve
cng o.
3.5.3.3- Li thep thanh dung lam

cot thep phai phu hp vi "Quy
trnh Ky thuat ve li thanh thep gai
gia cong dung lam cot thep cho be
tong" (ASTM A184). Cot thep dang
li thep thanh phai tuan theo mot
trong cac quy trnh c liet ke trong
muc 3.5.3.1.
3.5.3.4- Si thep gai dung lam cot

thep cho be tong phai phu hp vi
"Quy trnh Ky thuat ve si thep gai
dung lam cot thep cho be tong"
(ASTM A496), ngoai tr la si nay
khong c nho hn kch thc D4 va
oi vi si co gii han chay quy
nh fy ln hn 60.000 psi, th fy, phai
la ng suat tng ng vi lc keo
0,35 % neu gii han chay c quy
nh trong thiet ke ln hn 60.000 psi.
3.5.3.5- Li thep han bang si thep R3.5.3.5- Li thep si trn han phai
trn dung lam cot thep phai phu c lam t cac si thep phu hp vi
hp vi "Quy trnh Ky thuat li han "Quy trnh Ky thuat ve si thep trn dung
lam cot thep cho be tong" (ASTM A82).
bang si thep trn dung lam cot
ASTM A82 co mc gii han chay nho
thep cho be tong" (ASTM A185), ngoai nhat la 70.000 psi. Quy pham nay an
tr la si nay khong c nho hn nh gii han chay la 60.000 psi, nhng
kch thc D4 va oi vi si co gii
32
han chay quy nh fy ln hn 60.000 cho phep s dung cac loai cng o cao
psi, th fy, phai la ng lc tng ng hn mien la ng suat cua thep o
vi bien dang 0,35 % neu gii han tng ng vi bien dang 0,35 %.
chay c quy nh trong thiet ke ln
hn 60.000 psi. Cac moi han tai cac
iem giao nhau khong uc at cach
nhau qua 12 in. theo hng ng lc
tnh toan, ngoai tr li thep si
dung lam ai theo muc 12.13.2.
3.5.3.6- Li thep han bang si R3.5.3.6- Li thep bang si thep gai

thep gai dung lam cot thep phai han phai phu hp vi "Quy trnh Ky
phu hp vi "Quy trnh Ky thuat li thuat ve si thep gai dung lam cot
thep cho be tong" (ASTM A496); ASTM A496
han bang si thep gai dung lam cot
co mc gii han chay nho nhat la
thep cho be tong" (ASTM A185), ch 70.000 psi. Quy pham nay an nh gii
khac la si nay khong c nho hn han chay la 60.000 psi, nhng cho phep
kch thc D4 va oi vi si co gii s dung cac loai cng o cao hn mien
han chay quy nh fy ln hn 60.000 la ng suat cua thep o tng ng vi
psi, th fy, phai la ng suat tng ng bien dang 0,35 %.
vi bien dang 0,35% neu gii han
chay c quy nh trong thiet ke ln
hn 60.000 psi. Cac moi han tai cac
iem giao nhau khong uc at cach
nhau qua 16 in. theo hng ng lc
tnh toan, ngoai tr li thep si
dung lam ai theo muc 12.13.2.
3.5.3.7- Cot thep trang kem phai R3.5.3.7- Thanh cot thep trang kem
phu hp vi "Quy trnh Ky thuat ve (A767) va thanh cot thep phu epoxy
thanh cot thep trang kem dung (A775) c bo sung vao quy pham nam
1983 ghi nhan cach s dung chung, ac
lam cot thep cho be tong" (ASTM
biet la oi vi cac ieu kien trong o
A767). Thanh cot thep phu epoxy ac biet quan tam en tnh chong g
phai phu hp vi "Quy trnh Ky cua cot thep. Chung c s dung ien
thuat ve thanh cot thep phu epoxy" hnh trong bai o xe, san cau, va cac
(ASTM A775). Cot thep ma kem hoac moi trng an mon mc o cao
phu epoxy phai phu hp vi mot khac.
trong nhng quy trnh c liet ke
trong muc 3.5.3.1.
3.5.4- Cot thep trn R3.5.4- Cot thep trn
3.5.4.1- Thanh thep trn dung lam Thanh va si thep trn ch c cho phep
thep ai xoan phai phu hp vi quy s dung lam thep ai xoan (hoac la
trnh tng ng c liet ke trong cot thep ngang cho cac cau kien chu
nen, chu xoan, hoac la cot thep buoc
muc 3.5.3.1(a), (b), hoac (c).
gi cho cac moi noi).
3.5.4.2- Si thep trn dung lam cot
thep cho be tong phai phu hp vi
"Quy trnh Ky thuat ve si thep trn
dung lam cot thep cho be tong"
(ASTM A82), ngoai tr oi vi si co
gii han chay quy nh fy ln hn
60.000 psi, th fy, phai la ng suat
tng ng vi bien dang 0,35% neu
gii han chay c quy nh trong
thiet ke ln hn 60.000 psi.
3.5.5- Cap tien ap R3.5.5- Cap tien ap
3.5.5.1- Cac si cap dung cho cot R3.5.5.1- V cac cap tien ap phuc hoi
33
thep tien ap phai phu hp vi cham c neu cu the trong phan phu
mot trong cac quy trnh ky thuat sau ban cua ASTM A421, ieu khoan nay
ay : c ap dung ch khi yeu cau vat lieu
phuc hoi cham, nen tieu chuan ASTM
A421 c liet ke nh mot phan rieng.
(a) Si thep dung lam cap phai

phu hp vi "Quy trnh Ky thuat ve
si thep phuc hoi cham khong ma
dung cho be tong tien ap" (ASTM
A421).
(b) Si thep phuc hoi cham dung

lam cap phai phu hp vi "Quy
trnh Ky thuat ve si thep phuc hoi
cham khong ma dung cho be tong
tien ap" bao gom ca phu ban "si
phuc hoi cham" (ASTM A421).
(c) Cap thep dung lam cap phai

cap thep bay si khong ma dung
cho be tong tien ap" (ASTM A416).
(d) Thanh thep dung lam cap phai

thanh thep cng o cao khong ma
dung cho be tong tien ap" (ASTM
A722).
3.5.5.2- Si, cap, va thanh khong

c liet ke cu the trong ASTM A421,
A416, hoac A722 c phep s dung
mien la chung phu hp vi cac
yeu cau toi thieu cua cac quy trnh
ky thuat nay va khong co cac
ac tnh lam cho chung kem pham
chat hn cac loai a c liet ke
trong ASTM A421, A416, hoac A722.
3.5.6- Thep ket cau, ong thep,

hoac he ng ong
3.5.6.1- Thep ket cau c s dung

vi cac thanh cot thep trong cac
ket cau chu nen hon hp thoa
man cac yeu cau cua muc 10.14.7
hoac 10.14.8 phai phu hp vi cac
quy trnh ky thuat sau ay :
(a) "Quy trnh ky thuat ve thep ket

cau" (ASTM A36).
(b) "Quy trnh ky thuat ve Thep ket

cau hp kim thap cng o cao"
(ASTM A242).
(c) "Quy trnh ky thuat ve Thep ket

cau hp kim thap niobi-vanadi cng
o cao cua nhom ac tnh ket cau"
(ASTM A572).
34
(d) "Quy trnh ky thuat ve Thep ket

cau hp kim thap cng o cao vi
gii han chay nho nhat la 50 ksi
(345 MPa), day 4 in. (100mm)" (ASTM A
588).
3.5.6.2- Ong thep hoac he ng

ong dung cho cac cau kien chu
nen hon hp bao gom mot chi tiet
thep c uc trong mot loi be
tong thoa man cac yeu cau cua
muc 10.14.6 phai phu hp vi mot
trong cac quy trnh ky thuat sau ay :
(a) Mac B cua "Quy trnh Ky thuat ve

Ong thep en han va uc, trang
kem nhung nong" (ASTM A53).
(b) "Quy trnh Ky thuat ve He ng

ong thep carbon han va uc tron
va hnh c gia cong nguoi" (ASTM
A500).
(c) "Quy trnh Ky thuat ve He ng

ong ket cau thep carbon han va
uc c gia cong nong" (ASTM
A501).
3.6- Phu gia R3.6- Phu gia
3.6.1- Phu gia c s dung cho be

tong phai c s chap thuan
trc cua Ky s.
3.6.2- Phu gia phai the hien c

kha nang duy tr can thiet thanh
phan va tnh nang trong suot cong
trnh nh phu gia c dung e thiet
lap cap phoi be tong theo muc 5.2.
3.6.3- Clorua canxi hoac phu gia cha R3.6.3- Phu gia cha clorua canxi, hoac
clorua t cac nguon khac khong cac tap chat khac trong cac thanh phan
phai la tap chat cua cac thanh phu gia, khong c dung cho be tong
tien ap hoac be tong co chi tiet nhom
phan phu gia khong c s dung
at san (ngha la cac ong), ac biet
cho be tong co cac chi tiet nhom neu nhom tiep xuc vi thep at san
at san, hoac trong be tong c va be tong trong moi trng am. Hien
uc tren van khuon tai cho bang tng r nguy hiem xay ra vi van
kim loai trang kem. Xem muc 4.3.2 khuon thep tam trang kem va tam kim
va 4.4.1. loai trang kem at vnh cu, ac biet
khi moi trng am hoac khi khong kho
c do o day cua be tong hoac lp
phu hoac lp bao ve khong tham. Xem
muc 4.3.1 ve cac gii han ac biet ve
nong o ion clorua trong be tong.
3.6.4- Phu gia long kh phai phu hp

vi "Quy trnh Ky thuat ve Phu gia
long kh cho Be tong" (ASTM C260).
3.6.5- Phu gia hoa deo, phu gia lam R3.6.7- X lo cao nghien dang hat phu
35
cham thi gian ong ran, phu gia hp vi ASTM C989 c dung lam phu
tang nhanh thi gian ong ran, phu gia trong be tong tng t nh tro nhien
gia hoa deo va lam cham thi gian lieu. Noi chung, x nen c dung chung
vi xi mang portland phu hp vi ASTM
ong ran, phu gia hoa deo va
C150 va rat hiem khi thch hp trong viec
tang nhanh thi gian ong ran phai s dung x ASTM C989 vi xi mang hon
phu hp vi "Quy trnh Ky thuat ve hp ASTM C 595 a cha san pozzolan
Phu gia Hoa hoc cho Be tong" (ASTM hoac x. Cach s dung tng t vi xi
C494) hoac "Quy trnh Ky thuat ve mang ASTM C595 co the c xem xet
Phu gia Hoa hoc dung trong san en oi vi cac khoi o ln trong o
xuat Be tong chay" (ASTM C017). s phat trien cng o cham co the
c phep va van e nhiet thuy lc
3.6.6- Tro nhien lieu kh hoac cac thap la ac biet quan trong. ASTM C989
bao ham cac phu luc thao luan ve cac
pozzolan khac dung lam phu gia
anh hng cua x lo cao nghien dang
phai phu hp vi "Quy trnh Ky hat en cng o be tong, tnh ben
thuat ve Tro nhien lieu kh va sulfate, va phan ng kiem cot lieu.
Pozzolan tho va a nung dung lam
phu gia khoang cho Be tong xi mang
portland" (ASTM C618).
3.6.7- X lo cao dang hat a nghien

c dung lam phu gia phai phu
hp vi "Quy trnh Ky thuat ve x
lo cao dang hat a nghien dung cho
be tong va va" (ASTM C989).
3.7- Cat gi vat lieu
3.7.1- Cac vat lieu va cot lieu co

xi mang phai c cat gi sao cho
tranh c s pha hoai hoac s
xam nhap cua cac tap vat.
3.7.2- Moi vat lieu a b pha hoai

hoac nhiem ban khong c s
dung cho be tong.
3.8- Cac tieu chuan c trch 3.8- Cac tieu chuan c trch dan
dan trong quy pham nay trong quy pham nay
3.8.1- Cac Tieu chuan cua Hiep Cac quy trnh tieu chuan ASTM c liet
hoi Th nghiem va Vat lieu My ke ay la ban mi nhat vao thi
iem cac ieu khoan quy pham 1989
c trch dan trong quy pham nay
c chap thuan. V cac quy trnh nay
c lieu ke di ay theo so hieu c sa oi lien tuc, nhng c ban ch
seri, ke ca nam chap thuan va la cac chi tiet nho, nen ngi s dung
nam sa oi, va c xem la mot phai kien tra trc tiep vi C quan bao
phan cua quy pham nay nh c tr tieu chuan neu muon xem ban cap
neu ay u di ay : nhat nhat. Tuy nhien, cong viec nay oi
hoi ngi s dung phai anh gia moi
A36-90 Quy trnh Ky thuat Tieu chuan thay oi co y ngha trong s dung cua
ve Thep Ket cau. an ban mi nhat.
Cac quy trnh ky thuat hoac cac vat

A53-90a Quy trnh Ky thuat Tieu lieu khac se c chap thuan hp phap
chuan ve ong thep uc va han bi viec oi chieu vao mot quy pham
thep en, tranh kem nhung nong. xay dng phai c xem nh la mot tai
lieu cu the. Co the thc hien ieu nay
A82-90a Quy trnh Ky thuat Tieu bang cach s dung mot so hieu seri
chuan vesi thep trn dung lam hoan chnh, bi v nhom au cua so
cot thep cho be tong. hieu ch chu e cua no va phan th
hai ch nam c chap thuan. Tat ca
cac tai lieu tieu chuan c dung en
A184-90 Quy trnh Ky thuat Tieu
trong quy pham nay c liet ke trong
36
chuan ve li han thanh thep gai muc 3.8, theo ten va so hieu seri hoan
gia cong dung lam cot thep cho be chnh. Trong cac phan khac cua quy
tong. pham, so hieu seri khong kem theo nam
xuat ban e cho tat ca eu co the
cap nhat n gian bang cach cap nhat
A185-90a Quy trnh Ky thuat Tieu lai muc 3.8.
chuan ve li han si thep trn
dung lam cot thep cho be tong.

chuan ve Thep ket cau hp kim
thap, cng o cao.
A416-90a Quy trnh Ky thuat Tieu

chuan ve cap thep bay si, khong
ma dung trong be tong tien ap.

chuan ve si thep khong ma a
ram dung cho be tong tien ap.

chuan ve si thep gai dung lam
cot thep cho be tong.

chuan ve li han si thep gai
dung lam cot thep cho be tong.

chuan ve ong gia cong nguoi thep
carbon uc va han tron va hnh.

chuan ve ong gia cong nong thep
carbon uc va han tron va hnh.
A572-88c Quy trnh Ky thuat Tieu

chuan ve Thep thuoc nhom ac
tnh ket cau niobi-vanadi hp kim
thap cng o cao.

chuan ve Thep ket cau hp kim
thap cng o cao co gii han
chay nho nhat 50 ksi (345 MPa) va
day 4 in. (100 mm).

chuan ve thanh thep gai va thep
trn (loai billet-steel) dung lam cot
thep cho be tong.

trn (loai rail-steel) dung lam cot
thep cho be tong, ke ca yeu cau
phu S1.

37
trn (loai axle-steel) dung lam cot

thep cho be tong.

chuan ve thanh thep gai hp kim
thap dung lam cot thep cho be
tong.

chuan ve thanh thep cng o cao
khong ma dung trong be tong tien
ap.

chuan ve thanh thep trang kem
cng o cao dung lam cot thep
cho be tong.

chuan ve thanh cot thep phu epoxy.
C31-90 Ky thuat Tieu chuan ve tao

mau va bao dng mau th
nghiem be tong tai hien trng.
C33-90 Quy trnh Ky thuat ve Cot

lieu cho Be tong.
C39-86 Phng phap Th nghiem Tieu

chuan cng o nen cua mau be
tong lang tru.
C42-87 Phng phap Tieu chuan ve

Lay mau va th nghiem mau be
tong khoan va mau be tong cat.
C94-90 Quy trnh Ky thuat Tieu chuan

ve Be tong tron san.
C109-88 Phng phap Th nghiem

Tieu chuan cng o nen cua va
xi mang thuy lc (s dung mau lap
phng 2-in. hoac 50-mm).
C114-89 Quy trnh Ky thuat Tieu

chuan ve cot lieu dung cho Va
cho khoi xay.

chuan ve Xi mang Portland.
C172-90 Phng phap Tieu chuan

Lay mau be tong ti.
C192-90a Ky thuat Tieu chuan ve

tao mau va bao dng mau th
nghiem be tong trong phong th
nghiem.

38
chuan ve Phu gia long kh dung cho

Be tong.

chuan ve cot lieu nhe dung cho be
tong ket cau.

chuan ve Phu gia hoa hoc cho be
tong.
C496-86 Phng phap th nghiem tieu

chuan ve cng o keo t cua
mau be tong lang tru.
C567-85 Phng phap th nghiem tieu

chuan ve trong lng n v cua be
tong ket cau nhe.

chuan ve Xi mang thuy lc hon
hp.
C618-89a Quy trnh Ky thuat Tieu

chuan ve tro nhien lieu kh va
pozzolan t nhien tho hoac a nung
dung lam Phu gia khoang cho be
tong xi mang portland.

chuan ve Be tong c san xuat
bang phng phap nh lng the
tch va tron lien tuc.

chuan ve X lo nung nghien dang
hat dung trong be tong va va.

chuan ve phu gia hoa hoc dung
trong san xuat be tong chay.
3.8.2- "Quy pham han ket cau - Han

cot thep" (AWS D1.4-79) cua Hiep
ho5i Han My la mot bo phan cua
quy pham nay nh c neu ay u
trong ay.
3.8.3- "Cac yeu cau quy pham xay

dng oi vi be tong ket cau
khong cot thep (ACI318.1-89) (sa
oi 1992)" la mot bo phan cua quy
pham nay nh c neu ay u
trong ay.
3.8.4- "Phng phap lay mau va th R3.8.4- AASHTO T260-84 co san tai :
nghiem tong ham lng ion clorua AASHTO, 444 North Capital Street, N.W., Suite
trong be tong va vat lieu tho cho 225, Washington, D.C. 20001, va hau het
cac van phong giao thong va ng bo
be tong" (AASHTO T260-84) la mot
cua cac Bang.
bo phan cua quy pham nay nh
39
c neu ay u trong ay.
PHAN 3 - CAC YEU CAU THI

CONG
CHNG 4 - CAC YEU CAU VE O BEN
QUI PHAM DIEN GIAI

4.0- Chu thch
f'c = cng o nen c quy nh Chng 4 va chng 5 cua cac lan xuat
cua be tong, psi. ban trc cua quy pham nay c trnh
bay lai nam 1989, nhan manh tam quan
trong cua cac yeu cau o ben trc
khi ngi thiet ke chon f'c va lp be
tong bao ve cot thep.
Co the can co ty le nc-vat lieu co

xi mang cc ai 0,40 - 0,50 oi vi be
tong trong moi trng ong bang-tan
bang, moi trng at va nc co
sulfate, hoac e chong g cot thep se
tieu bieu tng ng vi mc yeu cau
tng ng f'c la 5000 - 4000 psi. Noi chung,
cng o be tong trung bnh yeu cau,
f'cr, se cao hn 500 - 700 psi so vi cng
o nen quy nh, f'c. V kho xac nh
chnh xac ty le nc -xi mang cua be
tong trong khi san xuat, nen cng o
quy nh f'c phai tng quan hp ly vi ty
le nc-xi mang yeu cau e bao am
o ben. Viec chon mot cng o f'c
tng quan vi ty le nc-xi mang c
chon e bao am o ben se ho tr
cho viec bao am viec thc s at c
ty le nc-xi mang yeu cau tai hien
trng. Bi v thng thng viec giam
sat ch chu y en cng o, nen
nhng ket qua th nghiem thc s cao
hn cng o yeu cau co the se dan
en viec khong chu y en chat lng
be tong va viec san xuat be tong
qua ty le nc-xi mang cc ai. Do o,
phai quy nh cng o f'c bang 3000 psi
va ty le nc/xi mang cc ai bang
0,45 oi vi cac ket cau bai o, neu
chung tiep xuc vi muoi kh bang.
Quy pham nay khong bao ham cac ieu

khoan ap dung cho cac moi trng
khac nghiet, nh la moi trng acid
hoac nhiet o cao, va khong chu y
en cac ac iem tham my nh la
cac be mat hoan thien. Cac ac iem
nay khong bao ham trong noi dung cua
quy pham nay va chung phai c quy
nh rieng trong quy trnh ky thuat cua
cong trnh. Phai chon thanh phan vat
lieu va cap phoi be tong e at cac
40
yeu cau toi thieu trong quy pham nay

va cac yeu cau khac trong van kien
hp ong.
4.1- Ty le nc-xi mang R4.1- Ty le nc - xi mang
4.1.1- Cac ty le nc/xi mang c R4.1.1- Trong muc 4.2- moi trng ong
quy nh trong bang 4.2.2 va 4.3.1 bang-tan bang, khoi lng tro, x, hoac
c tnh bang trong lng xi mang xi mang hon hp dung e tnh ty le
nc/xi mang phai tuan theo cac gii
theo ASTM C150 hoac ASTM C595 cong
han trong muc 4.2.3. Ngoai ra, trong muc
vi trong lng tro nhien lieu va 4.3- moi trng sulfate, pozzolan phai la
cac pozzolan khac theo ASTM C618 va loai F theo ASTM C618, hoac a c th
x theo ASTM C989, neu co s dung. nghiem theo ASTM C1012 hoac c xac
nh bang ket qua s dung, e tang
tnh chong chu sulfate.
4.2- Moi trng ong bang va tan R4.2- Moi trng ong bang va tan
bang bang
4.2.1- Be tong trong lng thng R4.2.1- Trong quy pham nay co trnh bay
va be tong trong lng nhe tiep mot bang ke cac ham lng kh yeu
xuc vi moi trng ong bang va cau oi vi be tong chong chu bang
gia, c can c vao "Ky thuat Tieu
tan bang hoac hoa chat kh bang
chuan ve viec chon cap phoi cho
phai c long kh vi ham lng kh be tong thng, be tong nang, va
theo nh bang 4.2.1. Sai so ve ham be tong khoi ln" (ACI 211.1). Cac
lng kh khi giao be tong la 1,5 %. gia tr c trnh bay cho ca moi trng
oi vi cng o nen quy nh f'c khac nghiet va trung bnh tuy theo mc
ln hn 5000 psi, th ham lng kh quy o tiep xuc vi am o hoac muoi
nh trong bang 4.2.1 co the tr i 1 kh bang. Kh long khong bao ve c
%. be tong co cot lieu tho co s thay oi
the tch nguy hiem khi hoa lanh trong
ieu kien bao hoa. Trong bang 4.2.1,
Bang 4.2.1- Tong ham lng kh moi trng khac nghiet tc la moi
oi vi be tong chu bang ga trng trong o be tong trong kh hau
__________________________________________ lanh co the gan nh luon luon tiep xuc
Kch thc danh Ham lng kh, am trc khi ong bang, hoac la cac
% . moi trng ton tai muoi kh bang. V
ngha cc ai Moi trng Moi du nh cac san cau, loi i, bai o xe,
trng va be nc. Moi trng trung bnh la
cua cot lieu, in khac nghiet moi trng trong o be tong tiep xuc
vi kh hau lanh oi khi tiep xuc vi
trung bnh
moi trng am trc khi ong bang, va
__________________________________________ moi trng khong ton tai muoi kh
3/8 7 6 bang. V du nh mot so loai tng, dam,
7 5 dam doc, va san ben trong khong tiep
6 5 xuc trc tiep vi at. Muc 4.2.1 cho
1 6 4 phep ham lng kh thap hn 1% oi vi
1 5 4 be tong co f'c ln hn 5000 psi. Nhng
2 5 4 loai be tong cng o cao nay se co
3 4 3 ty le nc/xi mang va o rong thap,
va v vay, ma tang c kha nang
__________________________________________
chong chu bang gia.
*Xem ASTM C33 ve cac sai so ve cac hat
qua c cua nhieu loai kch thc cot
lieu khac nhau.
Cac ham lng kh nay ap dung cho
toan me, nh oi vi cac loai kch thc
cot lieu ng pha trc. Tuy nhien,
khi th nghiem cac be tong nay, phai
loai bo bang tay hoac bang sang cac
hat cot lieu ln hn 1 in. va ham
lng kh c xac nh thong qua phan
lot sang 1 in. cua me, (Sai so ve ham
lng kh khi giao be tong c ap dung
cho tr so nay). Ham lng kh cua toan
41
me c tnh t gia tr xac nh tren

phan lot sang 1 in.
4.2.2- Be tong se tiep xuc vi cac R4.2.2- Khong quy nh ty le nc/xi

moi trng nh trong bang 4.2.2 phai mang oi vi be tong cot lieu nhe, v
phu hp vi cac yeu cau ve ty le khong xac nh c chac chan o hut
nc cua cot lieu nhe lam cho viec tnh
nc/xi mang ln nhat va cng
toan ty le nc/xi mang khong c
o nen nho nhat cua bang nay. chnh xac. Viec ap dung cng o quy
Ngoai ra, be tong tiep xuc vi hoa nh nho nhat se bao am viec phai
chat kh bang phai phu hp vi s dung va xi mang chat lng cao.
cac gii han cua muc 4.2.3. oi vi be tong thng, th viec s
dung ca cng o quy nh nho nhat
Bang 4.2.2. Cac yeu cau oi vi va ty le nc/ xi mang cc ai se bao
cac ieu kien moi trng ac biet am tot hn viec at c muc tieu
_____________________________________________ nay.
ieu kien Ty le N/X f'c nho
nhat, psi Bang 4.2.2 va Phan Quy pham cua muc
moi trng be tong thng be 4.2.3, c trnh bay trong ban sa oi
tong thng, nhe nam 1992, thiet lap cac gii han ve
_____________________________________________ khoi lng tro, x va cac pozzolan khac
Be tong d kien co o tham 0,50 oi vi be tong tiep xuc vi muoi
4000 kh bang. Cac nghien cu gan ay a
thap khi gap nc chng minh c rang viec s dung tro,
Be tong chu bang gia 0,45 x va hi silica lam cho be tong co ket
4500 cau lo nho hn, v vay ma tnh tham
trong ieu kien am hoac muoi kh thap hn. oi vi be tong tiep xuc vi
bang muoi kh bang, viec ap dung lng
Lp bao ve cot thep chong 0,40 phan tram ln nhat cua tro va x trong
5000 viec tnh ty le nc/xi mang c xem
r clorua t hoa chat kh bang, la hu hieu hn so vi viec s dung
muoi, nc l, hoac luong tham thau ham lng xi mang toi thieu nh trong
t cac nguon o quy pham 1989.
__________________________________________
4.2.3- oi vi be tong tiep xuc R4.2.3- Cac gii han cua muc nay ch
vi hoa chat kh bang, th khoi ap dung khi be tong tiep xuc vi hoa
lng ln nhat cua tro, pozzolan chat kh bang va c d kien dung
e bao ve chong cac tac nhan kh
khac, hoac x c dung trong tnh
bang do s xuat hien cua hien tng
toan ty le nc/xi mang khong ong bang, tan bang.
c ln hn so phan tram sau ay
tnh theo tong trong lng cua xi
mang portland, tro, pozzolan khac va
x.
4.2.3.1- Tong trong lng cua tro va R4.2.3.1- Phan nay khong nham bac
cac pozzolan khac phu hp vi ASTM bo viec s dung nhieu hn 25% tro hoac
C618 khong vt qua 25% tong trong pozzolan khac hoac ca tro va pozzolan
khac neu tro va pozzolan khac nay c
lng cua vat lieu co cha xi
nh lng rieng hoac c bao gom
mang. Tro va cac pozzolan khac co luon trong xi mang hon hp. Theo ASTM
trong xi mang hon hp loai IP hoac C595, xi mang loai IP co the cha en
loai IPM, ASTM C595, phai c tnh 40% tro hoac cac pozzolan khac; tuy
vao trong so phan tram c tnh. nhien, nhng loai xi mang nay t khi
cha nhieu hn 25%.
4.2.3.2- Trong lng x phu hp vi
ASTM C989 khong c ln hn 50%
tong trong lng cua vat lieu co
cha xi mang. X c dung trong
che tao xi mang thuy hoa hon hp
loai IS hoac ISM phu hp vi ASTM
C595 phai c bao gom trong lng
phan tram c tnh.
42
4.2.3.3- Neu tro va cac pozzolan R4.2.3.3- Phan nay trnh bay them mot
khac c dung trong be tong cung gii han khac ve tong khoi lng cua
vi x, th thanh phan xi mang x va tro hoac cac pozzolan co the c
dung khac.
portland, ASTM C150, khong c nho
hn 50% tong trong lng cua vat
lieu cha xi mang. Tro hoac cac
pozzolan khac ch c thay the cho
khong qua 25% tong trong lng
cua vat lieu co xi mang.
4.3- Moi trng sulfate R4.3- Moi trng sulfate
4.3.1- Be tong tiep xuc vi dung Be tong tiep xuc vi nong o sulfate
dch co cha sulfate hoac at co cao trong at va nc phai c san
cha sulfate phai phu hp vi cac xuat t xi mang ben sulfate. Bang 4.3.1
liet ke cac loai xi mang, cac ty le
yeu cau cua muc 4.3.1 hoac phai
nc/xi mang va cng o nho nhat
la be tong c san xuat t xi thch hp cho cac ieu kien moi trng
mang ben sulfate va co ty le khac nhau. Trong khi chon xi mang ben
nc/xi mang cc ai va cng o sulfate, th ch tieu c ban nhat la ham
nen nho nhat nh trong bang 4.3.1. lng C 3A. oi vi cac moi trng trung
bnh, chon xi mang loai II c gii han
ham lng C 3A la 8%, ASTM C150. Cac
loai xi mang hon hp ASTM C595 c
san xuat t clinker cua xi mang portland
co t hn 8% C 3A c xep vao nhom MS,
va v vay, thch hp s dung cho cac
moi trng sulfate trung bnh. Cac loai xi
mang thch hp theo ASTM C595 la IP(MS),
IS(MS), IP(M)(MS), va IS(M)(MS). oi vi
cac moi trng khac nghiet, quy nh
la xi mang loai V vi ham lng C 3A ln
nhat la 5%. mot so khu vc nao o,
ham lng C3A san co cua cac loai xi
mang khac, nh la loai III hoac loai I co
the nho hn 8 hoac 5% va dung c
trong moi trng sulfate trung bnh hoac
khac nghiet. Lu y rang xi mang ben
sulfate se khong tang tnh ben sulfate
trong cac dung dch an mon hoa hoc,
nh la dung dch nitrate amon. Quy trnh
ky thuat cua cong trnh phai bao ham
tat ca cac trng hp ac biet nay.
Viec s dung co ieu chnh tro co chat

lng tot (ASTM C618, Nhom F) a c
chng minh la lam tang tnh ben sulfate
cua be tong. Mot so xi mang loai IP
c san xuat bang cach tron pozzoland
loai F vi xi mang portland co lng
tricalcium aluminate (C 3A) ln hn 8% co
the tao tnh ben sulfate oi vi moi
trng sulfate trung bnh.
Mot ghi chu trong bang 4.3.1 liet ke moi

trng nc bien la "moi trng trung
bnh" tham ch khi moi trng nay cha
SO4 tren 1500 ppm. Trong moi trng nc
bien, cac loai xi mang khac, vi lng
C3A len en 10% co the s dung c
neu ty le nc/xi mang c giam en
0,40.
Phng phap Th nghiem ASTM C1012 4.2 co

the dung e anh gia tnh ben sulfate
cua cac hon hp be tong dung nhieu
43
loai vat lieu xi mang hon hp.
Ngoai viec chon loai xi mang thch hp,

th cac yeu cau khac oi vi o ben
cua be tong tiep xuc vi nong o
sulfate nh la : ty le nc/xi mang thap,
cng o, lng kh long thch hp, o
sut thap, am nen thch hp, o ong
nhat, lp vo bao ve cot thep u day,
va bao dng am ay u e phat
trien cac ac tnh von co cua be tong
la can thiet.
4.3.2- Clorua canxi di dang phu gia

khong c dung cho be tong tiep
xuc vi cac dung dch co cha
sulfate khac nghiet hoac rat khac
nghiet, theo nh nh ngha cua bang
4.3.1.
Bang 4.3.1- Cac yeu cau oi vi be tong tiep xuc vi cac dung
dch co cha sulfate
Moi trng Sulfate tan trong Sulfate (SO4), Loai xi mang Ty le N/X ln f'c nho
sulfate nc (SO4) co trong nc, nhat, theo nhat,
trong at, % ppm trong lng, be tong
trong lng be tong thng va
thng nhe, psi
On hoa 0,00 - 0,10 0 - 150 - - -
Trung bnh 0,10 - 0,20 150 - 1500 II, IP(MS), IS(MS) 0,50 4000
P(MS), I(PM)
(MS), I(SM)(MS)
Khac 0,20 - 2,00 1500 - 10000 V 0,45 4500
nghiet
Rat khac > 2,00 > 10000 loai V + 0,45 4500
nghiet pozzolan
* Co the yeu cau ty le nc/xi mang thap hoac cng o cao e at tnh tham
thap hoac e bao ve chong an mon cho cac chi tiep at san hoac moi trng
ong bang tan bang (bang 4.2.2).
Nc bien
Pozzolan a c xac nh bang th nghiem hoac bang thc te s dung e tang
c tnh ben sulfate khi dung trong be tong xi mang portland loai V.
4.4- Bao ve chong an mon R4.4- Bao ve chong an

cot thep mon cot thep
4.4.1- e bao ve chong an mon, Cac thong tin phu ve anh hng cua
th nong o ion chlorua tan trong nc chlorua en s an mon cot thep c
ln nhat cua be tong cng cac trnh bay trong cuon "Hng dan ve
o ben cua be tong" hoi ong ACI
tuoi t 28 en 42 ngay c phan
201 va "An mon kim loai trong be
bo trong cac thanh phan cua be tong" hoi ong ACI 222. Cac phng
tong bao gom nc, cot lieu, vat phap th nghiem phai tuan theo nh a
lieu co xi mang, va phu gia khong trnh bay trong Phng phap AASHTO T260.
c ln hn cac gii han trong Co the thu c s anh gia ban au
bang 4.4.1. Khi thc hien th nghiem bang cach th nghiem ham lng chlorua
e xac nh ham lng ion chlorua cho rieng tng thanh phan be tong.
tan trong nc, th phng phap thc Neu tong ham lng ion chlorua, c tnh
hien phai phu hp vi AASHTO T260. theo cap phoi, vt qua cac gii han
cho phep trong muc 4.4.1, th can thiet
Bang 4.4.1- Ham lng Ion chlorua phai th nghiem mau be tong cng ve
ln nhat e bao ve chong an ham lng ion chlorua tan trong nc c
mon trnh bay trong cuon hng dan o. Mot
so ham lng ion chlorua tong cong xuat
44
_____________________________________________ hien trong cac thanh phan be tong se

Ion chlorua tan trong khong tan hoac se phan ng vi xi
nc mang trong qua trnh hydrate hoa va tr
Loai cau kien ln nhat (Cl -) thanh khong tan theo cac phng phap th
trong be tong, nghiem c mo ta.
% theo trong lng xi
mang Khi be tong c th nghiem ve ham
_____________________________________________ lng ion clorua hoa tan, th cac th
Be tong tien ap 0,06 nghiem nay phai c thc hien mot
Be tong cot thep tiep xuc 0,15 trong cac tuoi t 28 - 42 ngay. Cac gii
vi chlorua khi s dung han trong bang 4.4.1 ap dung oi vi
Be tong cot thep kho hoac chlorua cha trong cac thanh phan be
1,00 tong, khong ap dung cho chlorua t moi
c chong am khi s dung trng bao quanh be tong.
Cac be tong cot thep khac
0,30 Cac gii han ve ion chlorua trong bang
_____________________________________________ 4.4.1 khac vi cac gii han nay trong
ACI 201.2R va ACI 222R. oi vi be tong
cot thep se kho khi s dung, c s
dung gii han 1% e ieu khien tong
ham lng chlorua hoa tan. Bang 4.4.1 bao
ham cac gii han 0,15 va 0,30 % oi
vi be tong cot thep se tiep xuc
tng ng vi moi trng chlorua hoac
se b t khi s dung. Cac gii han
nay tng ng vi cac gii han 0,10 va
0,15 trong ACI 201.2R. ACI 222R trnh bay
cac gii han ham lng chlorua 0,08 va
0,20% theo trong lng xi mang tng ng
vi be tong tien ap va be tong cot
thep, can c vao cac th nghiem ve
chlorua acid hoa tan, khong phai la th
nghiem ve chlorua tan trong nc c
yeu cau ay.
Khi s dung cot thep phu epoxy hoac

ma kem, th cac gii han trong bang
4.4.1 co the la qua khat khe hn mc
can thiet.
4.4.2- Khi be tong cot thep se tiep R4.4.2- Khi be tong tiep xuc vi cac
xuc vi muoi kh bang, nc l, nguon chlorua t ben ngoai, th ty le
nc bien, hoac luong tham thau nc/xi mang va cng o nen quy
nh f'c cua muc 4.2.2 la cac yeu cau
t cac nguon o, th cac yeu cau
toi thieu can phai c xet en. Ngi
ve ty le nc/xi mang va cng thiet ke phai anh gia cac ieu kien
o be tong trong bang 4.2.2, cac trong ket cau khi co the ton tai chlorua,
yeu cau ve lp bao ve toi thieu trong cac ket cau bai o, o chlorua
cua muc 7.7 phai c thoa man. co the xam nhap vao do cac phng
Xem muc 18.14 oi vi cap tien ap tien giao thong, hoac trong cac ket cau
khong c lien ket. gan nc bien. Co the can dung cot
thep phu epoxy hoac ma kem hoac lp
bao ve day hn yeu cau cua muc 7.7.
Viec s dung x theo ASTM C989 hoac tro
theo ASTM C618 va viec tang cng o
quy nh se tang tnh bao ve. Mac du
hien tai khong co tieu chuan ASTM
rieng cho ve hi silica, th viec s dung
hi silica cung vi phu gia sieu hoa deo
thch hp, ASTM C494, loai F va G, hoac
ASTM C1017 co the tang c tnh bao
ve. Cac th nghiem tnh nang ve tnh
tham thau chlorua cua hon hp be tong
theo AASHTO T277 trc khi s dung cung
se bao am hn tnh chong chu cua be
tong.
45
CHNG 5 - CHAT LNG BE TONG, TRON

VA O BE TONG
QUI PHAM DIEN GIAI

5.0- Chu thch
f'c = cng o nen c quy nh Cac yeu cau ve viec nh cap phoi cho
cua be tong, psi cac hon hp be tong c can c vao
fct = cng o keo t trung bnh nguyen tac tien nh la be tong phai
bao am u ca o ben (chng 4) va
cua be tong cot lieu nhe, psi
cng o be tong. Cac ch tieu e
f'cr = cng o nen trung bnh yeu chap thuan be tong c can c vao
cau cua be tong c dung nguyen tac tien nh la quy pham nay
lam c s e chon cap phoi chu yeu c d kien nham bao ve an
be tong, psi. toan cho ngi s dung. Chng 5 mo ta
s = o lech tieu chuan, psi cac phng phap ma thong qua o be
tong co the at c u cng o, va
trnh bay cac bien phap kiem tra chat
lng be tong trong va sau khi o tai
cong trnh.
ong thi chng 5 con quy nh cac ch

tieu toi thieu ve viec tron va o be
tong.
Muc ch cua muc 5.3, cung vi chng 4,

la thiet lap cac cap phoi hon hp yeu
cau, va khong nham lam c s e xac
nhan tnh ay u ve cng o, c s
nay c trnh bay trong muc 5.6 (anh
gia va chap thuan be tong).
5.1- Tong quat R5.1- Tong quat
5.1.1- Be tong phai c nh cap R5.1.1- Cac nguyen tac c ban chi phoi
phoi e tao mot cng o nen viec an nh va anh gia cng o be
trung bnh nh quy nh trong muc 5.3.2 tong a c e cap en. Can nhan
manh rang cng o trung bnh cua be
cung nh la phai thoa man cac
tong c san xuat phai luon luon vt
ch tieu ve o ben cua chng 4. gia tr quy nh f'c c dung trong tnh
Be tong phai c san xuat sao cho toan thiet ke ket cau. ieu nay c
giam thieu c so lan xuat hien can c vao cac quan iem kha luan,
cng o nho hn f'c theo quy nh va la nham e bao am be tong se
cua muc 5.6.2.3. phat trien ay u cng o trong ket
cau. Cac yeu cau o ben trong chng 4
phai c thoa man ngoai viec at c
cng o be tong trung bnh theo muc
5.3.2.
5.1.2- Cac yeu cau oi vi f'c phai

c can c vao ket qua th
nghiem mau lang tru c uc va
th nghiem theo quy nh cua muc
5.6.2.
5.1.3- Tr phi co quy nh khac, neu

khong th f'c phai c can c vao
cac th nghiem 28 ngay. Neu khong
phai la 28 ngay, th tuoi mau th
nghiem phai c neu trong ban ve
46
thiet ke hoac quy trnh ky thuat.
5.1.4- Khi cac ch tieu thiet ke R5.1.4- Phan quy pham trong muc 9.5.2.3
trong muc 9.5.2.3, 11.2 va 12.2.4.2 cho (gii han ben uon), muc 11.2 (cng o
phep s dung mot tr so cng o cat va xoan) va muc 12.2.3.3 (phat
trien cot thep) yeu cau co sa oi
keo t cua be tong, th cac th
trong cac ch tieu thiet ke oi vi viec
nghiem trong phong th nghiem phai s dung cot lieu nhe. Co hai phng
c thc hien theo "Quy trnh Ky phap sa oi a c trnh bay. Mot
thuat ve Cot lieu nhe cho Be tong phng phap c can c vao cac th
ket cau" (ASTM C330) e thiet lap nghiem trong phong th nghiem e xac
tr so f'ct tng ng vi tr so quy nh tng quan gia cng o keo t
nh f'c. f'ct va cng o nen quy nh f'c oi voi
be tong cot lieu nhe. oi vi mot cot
lieu nhe t mot nguon cu the, nen xac
nh cac tr so f'ct trc khi thiet ke.
5.1.5- Cac th nghiem cng o keo R5.1.5- Cac th nghiem ve cng o

t khong c dung lam c s e keo t cua be tong (nh yeu cau cua
chap thuan be tong tai hien muc 5.1.4) khong d kien dung e kiem
tra hoac chap thuan be tong tai hien
trng.
trng. Viec kiem tra gian tiep se c
duy tr thong qua cac yeu cau th nghiem
ve cng o nen thong thng trong
muc 5.6 (anh gia va chap thuan be
tong).
5.2- Chon cap phoi be tong R5.2- Chon cap phoi be tong
Cac hng dan ve viec chon cap phoi

be tong c trnh bay cu the trong "Ky
thuat Tieu chuan ve Chon la Cap
phoi cho Be tong thng, be tong
nang, be tong khoi ln" (ACI 211.1)2.1.
(Trnh bay 2 phng phap chon la va
ieu chnh cap phoi oi vi be tong
thng: phng phap trong lng c tnh
va phng phap the tch tuyet oi. Trnh
bay v du ve tnh toan cho ca hai phng
phap. Viec nh cap phoi cho be tong
nang bang phng phap the tch tuyet
oi c trnh bay trong mot phu luc).
5.2.1- Ty le cac vat lieu dung cho 5.2.1- Ty le nc/xi mang c chon
be tong phai c thiet lap e tao phai u thap, hoac cng o nen cua
c : be tong phai u cao( oi vi be tong
cot lieu nhe) e thoa man ca cac ch
tieu ve cng o (muc 5.3 hoac 5.4) va
(a) ac tnh thi cong va o set cho cac yeu cau ve moi trng tiep xuc
phep thi cong c ngay be tong ac biet (Chng 4). Quy pham nay khong
trong van khuon va xung quanh bao gom cac ieu khoan ve cac moi
cot thep di cac ieu kien o trng tiep xuc ac biet khac nghiet,
be tong thc te, ma khong phan nh moi trng acid hoac nhiet o cao,
tang hoac chay nc nhieu. va khong lien quan en ac iem tham
my nh la cac be mat hoan thien. Cac
(b) Chong chu c cac moi trng yeu cau nay nam ngoai noi dung cua
quy pham nay va phai c neu rieng
ac biet nh yeu cau cua chng
trong quy trnh ky thuat cua cong trnh.
4. Cac thanh phan va cac cap phoi be
tong phai c la chon e thoa man
(c) Phu hp vi cac yeu cau ve cac yeu cau toi thieu c neu trong
cng o cua muc 5.6. quy pham va cac yeu cau khac trong
van kien hp ong.
5.2.2- Khi s dung cac vat lieu
khac nhau cho cac phan khac nhau
cua mot cong trnh d kien, th phai
47
anh gia moi mot to hp o.
5.2.3- Cap phoi be tong, bao gom R5.2.3- Quy pham nay e cao viec s
ca ty le nc/xi mang, phai c dung cac kinh nghiem hien trng hoac
thiet lap tren c s cac kinh cac me tron th (muc 5.3) lam phng
phap u tien trong viec chon cap phoi
nghiem hien trng va/hoac cac
hon hp be tong. Khi khong co san cac
hon hp tron th bang cac vat kinh nghiem hoac cac me tron th, th
lieu d kien (muc 5.3), ngoai tr cho phep c tnh ty le nc/xi mang
trng hp cho phep trong muc 5.4 nh quy nh cua 5.4, nhng ch khi c
hoac yeu cau trong Chng 4. cho phep ac biet.
48
49
5.3- nh cap phoi can c vao R5.3- nh cap phoi can c vao kinh
kinh nghiem hien trng nghiem hien trng va/hoac cac
va/hoac cac me tron th me tron th
Trong viec chon hon hp be tong thch

hp, co 3 bc c ban. Trc tien la
xac nh o lech tieu chuan, th 2 la
xac nh cng o trung bnh yeu cau.
Bc th 3 la chon cac cap phoi hon
hp yeu cau e tao c cng o
trung bnh o, hoac la bang cac phng
phap me tron th thng dung hoac
la bang ket qua kinh nghiem thch hp.
Hnh R5.3 la mot lu o phac hoa phng
phap chon hon hp th va phng phap
dung tai lieu.
Hon hp c chon phai tao c mot

cng o trung bnh that s cao hn
cng o yeu cau f'c. Mc o cao hn
thiet ke phu thuoc vao s bien ong
cua ket qua th nghiem.
5.3.1- o lech tieu chuan R5.3.1- o lech tieu chuan
5.3.1.1- Khi mot thiet b san xuat Khi mot thiet b san xuat be tong co
be tong co cac so theo doi th cac so theo doi th nghiem thch hp cua
nghiem, th phai thiet lap o lech 30 th nghiem cua cac vat lieu va cac
ieu kien tng t nh d kien, th o
tieu chuan. So theo doi th nghiem
lech tieu chuan c tnh t cac ket
dung e tnh o lech tieu chuan, qua nay theo cong thc sau ay :
c tnh toan phai :
Xi X 2
1/ 2
(a) ai dien cho vat lieu, cac phng
phap kiem tra chat lng, va cac
ieu kien tng t nh cac ieu s
kien d kien, va cac thay oi
trong vat lieu va trong cap phoi n 1
ghi trong cac so theo doi th nghiem
o phai khong khong che chat (R5A)
che hn so vi cong trnh d kien. Trong o :
s = o lech tieu chuan, psi
(b) ai dien cho be tong c san Xi = tng th nghiem theo quy nh cua
xuat e at cac yeu cau ve 5.6.1.4.
cng o quy nh f'c trong vong X = trung bnh cua n ket qua th
1000 psi cua cng o quy nh cho nghiem.
cong trnh d kien. n = so th nghiem lien tiep.
o lech tien chuan c dung e xac

(c) bao gom toi thieu 30 th nghiem nh cng o trung bnh yeu cau trong
lien tuc hoac 2 nhom cua cac th muc 5.3.2.1.
nghiem lien tuc tong cong t nhat
30 th nghiem nh quy nh trong muc Neu s dung 2 so theo doi th nghiem
5.6.1.4, ngoai tr trng hp trong e thu c 30 th nghiem, th bien ong
5.3.1.2. tieu chuan c dung se la so trung
bnh thong ke cua cac tr so c tnh
tu moi so theo doi th nghiem theo cong
5.3.1.2- Khi mot thiet b san xuat
thc sau :
be tong khong co cac so theo doi
th nghiem thoa man cac yeu cau
cua muc 5.3.1.1, nhng co mot so
theo doi th nghiem cua 15 - 29 th
nghiem lien tiep nhau, th phai thiet
lap o lech tieu chuan la tch so
50
n 1 s 2 n 1 s 2
cua o lech tieu chuan va mot 1/
he so ieu chnh cua bang 5.3.1.2.
s
e chap thuan c, th so theo doi 1 1 2 2
n1 n2 2
th nghiem o phai thoa man cac
yeu cau (a) va (b) cua muc 5.3.1.2,
va ch ai dien cho mot so theo
doi th nghiem duy nhat cua cac th Trong o :
nghiem lien tiep nhau trong vong
khong di 45 ngay theo lch.
s = o lech tieu chuan trung bnh thong
ke khi s dung 2 so theo doi th
nghiem c dung e c lng o
lech tieu chuan.
s1, s2 = o lech tieu chuan c tnh t 2
Bang 5.3.1.2- He so ieu chnh o so theo doi th nghiem, tng ng 1
lech va 2.
tieu chuan khi co san t hn 30 th n1, n2 = so lng th nghiem tng ng
nghiem. trong moi so theo doi th nghiem.
_________________________________________
So th nghiem * He so ieu Neu co san t hn 30 nhng nhieu hn 15
chnh th nghiem, th o lech tieu chuan c
_________________________________________ nhan vi he so trong bang 5.3.1.2.
<15 dung bang 5.3.2.2. Phng phap nay a lai ket qua cng
15 1,16 o trung bnh an toan hn (c tang
20 1,08 len). Cac he so trong bang 5.3.1.2 c
25 1,03 can c vao s phan bo o lech chuan
30 1,00 lay mau va e phong (tng ng nh
_________________________________________ oi vi so theo doi co 30 th nghiem)
* Noi suy cac so lng th nghiem trung xac suat xay ra viec so mau nho hn
gian se c lng thap gia tr o lech
o lech tieu chuan co ieu chnh chuan ung hoac o lech chuan cua
c dung e xac nh cng o yeu vo han th nghiem.
cau trung bnh f'cr t muc 5.3.2.1.
o lech chuan dung trong tnh toan
cng o trung bnh yeu cau phai c
thiet lap di cac ieu kien "tng t
nh cac ieu kien d kien" [muc
5.3.1.1(a)]. Yeu cau nay quan trong oi
vi viec bao am be tong c chap
thuan.
Be tong dung e th nghiem nham xac

nh o lech chuan c xem la "tng
t" nh be tong c yeu cau neu c
lam t cac vat lieu ve c ban la tng
t di cac ieu kien kiem soat
nghiem ngat hn ve chat lng vat lieu
va phng phap san xuat so vi cong
trnh d kien va neu cng o quy nh
cua no khong bien ong nhieu hn 1000
psi so vi cng o f'c yeu cau [muc
5.3.1.1(b)]. Mot s thay oi ve loai be
tong hoac la mot mc tang ang ke
ve cng o co the lam tang o lech
chuan. Tnh trang nay co the xay ra
cung vi s thay oi loai cot lieu (ngha
la, t cot lieu t nhien en cot lieu
nhe va ngc lai) hoac la s thay oi t
be tong khong long kh en be tong
long kh. ong thi, co the tang o
lech chuan khi tang mc cng o trung
bnh c tang ang ke, mac du mc
tang cua o lech chuan oi khi thap
hn mc tang ty le thuan vi mc
tang cng o. Khi co nghi ngh co c
s, th bat ky o lech chuan nao c
dung e tnh cng o trung bnh yeu
cau phai luon luon thien ve an toan
51
(cao) hn.
Lu y rang quy pham nay s dung o

lech chuan tnh theo lb/in 2 thay v he so
bien ong theo %. He so bien ong theo
% tng ng vi o lech chuan tnh theo
% cua cng o trung bnh.
Khi khong co san cac so theo doi th

nghiem thch hp, th cng o trung bnh
phai vt cng o thiet ke mot lng
t 1000 - 1400 psi, tuy theo tng cng
o thiet ke. Xem bang 5.3.2.2.
Tham ch khi cng o trung bnh va o

lech chuan ang mc gia nh, th oi
khi cung co cac th nghiem khong thoa
man cac ch tieu chap thuan c quy
nh trong muc 5.6.2.3 (co the la 1 : 100).
5.3.2- Cng o trung bnh yeu R5.3.2- Cng o trung bnh yeu cau
cau
5.3.2.1- Cng o nen trung bnh R5.3.2.1- Mot khi o lech chuan a c
yeu cau f'cr c dung lam c s thiet lap, th cng o nen trung bnh
cho viec chon cap phoi be tong yeu cau f'cr c tnh t tr so ln hn
trong hai tr so cua hai phng trnh (5-1)
phai la tr so ln hn trong hai tr
hoac (5-2). Phng trnh (5-1) cho biet xac
so cua hai phng trnh (5-1) hoac (5- suat 1/100 kha nang cac tr so trung
2) vi o lech chuan c tnh theo bnh cua 3 th nghiem lien tiep thap hn
5.3.1.1 hoac 5.3.1.2. cng o quy nh f'c. Phng trnh (5-2)
cho biet xac suat tng t ve kha nang
f'cr = f'c + 1,34s (5-1) 1 th nghiem b thap hn cng o quy
hoac nh f'c. Cac phng trnh nay gia nh
f'cr = f'c + 2,33s - 500 (5-2) rang o lech chuan c dung cho
phng trnh bang vi tr so thong ke
tng ng oi vi mot so lng th
nghiem vo han hoac rat ln. V ly do
nay, nen neu s dung so theo doi th
nghiem nhieu hn hoac bang 100 th
nghiem th cang tot. Khi co san 30 th
nghiem, th xac suat thap hn quy nh
oi khi ln hn 1/100. Viec hieu chnh
them e at xac suat nho hn 1/100 la
khong can thiet, v cac ieu kien gia
nh khi thc hien th nghiem se khong
hoan toan giong nh ieu kien hien
trng khi san xuat be tong.
5.3.2.2- Khi thiet b san xuat be

tong khong co so theo doi th
nghiem hien trng e tnh o lech
chuan theo cac yeu cau cua muc
5.3.1.1 hoac 5.3.1.2, th cng o
trung bnh yeu cau f'cr phai c xac
nh t bang 5.3.2.2 va viec lap
tai lieu ve cng o trung bnh
phai phu hp vi cac yeu cau
cua muc 5.3.3.
Bang 5.3.2.2- Cng o nen

trung bnh yeu cau khi khong co u
d lieu e thiet lap o lech
chuan
_____________________________________________
52
Cng o nen quy nh, Cng o

nen trung bnh
f'c, psi f'cr, psi
_____________________________________________
< 3000 f'c + 1000
3000 - 5000 f'c + 1200
> 5000 f'c + 1400
_____________________________________________
5.3.3- Tai lieu minh chng cng R5.3.3- Tai lieu minh chng ve
o trung bnh cng o trung bnh
Tai lieu minh chng ve viec cac Mot khi a biet cng o trung bnh
cap phoi be tong e ngh se tao yeu cau, f'cr, th bc tiep theo la chon
c cng o nen trung bnh yeu cap phoi hon hp e tao c mot
cng o trung bnh toi thieu ln bang
cau bang hoac ln hn cng o
cng o trung bnh yeu cau, va ong
nen trung bnh yeu cau (muc 5.3.2) thi thoa man cac yeu cau ve moi
phai bao gom mot so theo doi th trng tiep xuc trong chng 4. Tai lieu
nghiem cng o hien trng, mot minh chng co the bao gom mot so
vai so theo doi th nghiem cng theo doi th nghiem cng o hien
o, hoac cac hon hp tron th. trng, mot vai so theo doi th nghiem
cng o, hoac cac hon hp tron th
thch hp trong phong th nghiem. Noi
chung, neu s dung so theo doi th
nghiem, th phai la so a dung e
tnh o lec chuan. Tuy nhien, neu so
theo doi th nghiem cho thay cng o
trung bnh thap hn hoac cao hn cng
o trung bnh yeu cau, th can phai
chon cap phoi khac nhau. Trong cac
trng hp nay, co the s dung ket
qua trung bnh cua ch 10 th nghiem,
hoac co the thiet lap cap phoi bang
cach noi suy gia cng o va cap
phoi cua 2 so theo doi nh vay cua
cac th nghiem lien tiep. Tat ca cac
so theo doi th nghiem dung e thiet
lap cac cap phoi can thiet e tao
c cng o trung bnh o phai thoa
man cac yeu cau cua muc 5.3.3.1 oi
vi "cac vat lieu va cac ieu kien
tng t".
Quy pham 1971 yeu cau cac me th

c tron vi o sut va ham lng kh
cho phep ln nhat. T nam 1977, quy
pham nay a cung cap cac sai so ve
o sut va ham lng kh cho phep cc
ai. Van ban quy phai neu ro rang
cac sai so ve o sut va ham lng kh
cho phep cc ai nay ch ap dung cho
cac me tron th va khong ap dung
cho cac soi theo doi th nghiem hien
trng hoac cac qua trnh san xuat
be tong ve sau tai hien trng.
5.3.3.1- Khi so theo doi th nghiem

c dung e chng minh cac cap
phoi be tong e ngh se tao c
cng o trung bnh yeu cau fcr
(muc 5.3.2), th cac so theo doi th
nghiem o phai ai dien cho cac
vat lieu va cac ieu kien tng t
nh d kien. Cac thay oi ve vat
lieu, ieu kien, va cap phoi trong
53
cac so theo doi th nghiem phai

khong nghiem ngat hn cac thay
oi d kien. e lap tai lieu minh
chng kha nang cua cng o
trung bnh, th cac so theo doi th
nghiem bao gom t hn 30 nhng
nhieu hn 10 th nghiem la chap
thuan c mien la cac so theo
doi th nghiem ket qua th nghiem
bao ham trong mot khoang thi gian
ln hn 45 ngay. Phai cho phep viec
thiep lap cac thanh phan cap
phoi be tong yeu cau bang cach
noi suy gia cng o va cap
phoi gia 2 hoac nhieu so theo doi
th nghiem, moi mot so o eu
thoa man cac yeu cau cua phan
nay.
5.3.3.2- Khi khong co mot so theo

doi th nghiem hien trng chap
thuan c, th co the thiet lap
cap phoi can c vao cac me th
thoa man cac yeu cau sau:
(a) Tap hp cac vat lieu phai nh

d kien dung cho cong trnh.
(b) Cac hon hp tron th cac cap

phoi va o set yeu cau cho cong
trnh d kien phai c tron vi t
nhat ba ty le nc/xi mang hoac 3
ham lng xi mang khac nhau se
tao ra c cac gia tr cng o
bao ham trong o cng o trung
bnh yeu cau fcr.
(c) Cac me tron th phai c

thiet ke e tao c mot o sut sai
so 0,75 in. so vi o sut cc ai
cho phep, va oi vi be tong long
kh, th sai so 0,5% so vi ham
lng kh cc ai cho phep.
(d) oi vi moi ty le nc/xi mang

hoac ham lng xi mang, toi thieu
phai thc hien 3 mau lang tru cho
moi tuoi th nghiem va bao dng
theo Phng phap uc mau va bao
dng mau th nghiem be tong
trong phong th nghiem(ASTM C192).
Cac mau lang tru phai c th
nghiem tuoi 28 ngay hoac la
mot tuoi th nghiem c an nh
dung e xac nh fc.
(e) T cac ket qua cua th nghiem

mau lang tru, phai ve mot o th
the hien tng quan gia ty le
nc/xi mang hoac ham lng xi
54
mang va cng o nen tuoi quy

nh.
(f) Ty le nc/xi mang ln nhat

hoac ham lng xi mang nho nhat
cua be tong se dung cho cong
trnh d kien phai la cac gia tr
tren ng cong tao ra cng o
trung bnh yeu cau bi muc 5.3.2,
tr phi co yeu cau ty le nc/xi
mang thap hn hoac cng o cao
hn trong chng 4.
5.4- nh cap phoi theo ty le 5.4- nh cap phoi theo ty le

nc/xi mang nc/xi mang
5.4.1- Neu cac d lieu yeu cau

trong muc 5.3 la khong co san, th
cap phoi be tong phai c can
c vao cac gii han ty le nc/xi
mang trong bang 5.4, neu c ky
s hoac kien truc s chap thuan.
Bang 5.4- Ty le nc/xi mang

cc ai cho phep cho be tong khi
cac d lieu ve cng o t
ket qua hien trng hoac me
tron th khong co san
_________________________________________
Ty le N/X gan ung theo
trong lng
Cng o nen c Be tong
Be tong
quy nh, fc , psi * khong long kh
co long kh
_________________________________________
2500 0,67 0,54
3000 0,58 0,46
3500 0,51 0,40
4000 0,44 0,35
4500 0,38
5000
_________________________________________
* Cng o 28 ngay vi hau het
cac vat lieu, ty le N/X c neu
tren ay se tao c cng o
trung bnh ln hn trong muc 5.3.2 nh
yeu cau.
oi vi cng o > 4500 psi (be
tong khong long kh) va > 4000 psi
(be tong long kh), cap phoi be
tong phai c thiet lap bang cac
phng phap trong muc 5.3.
5.4.2- Bang 5.4 ch s dung cho be R5.4.2- Trong quy pham 1977, viec s dung
tong c san xuat t xi mang bang 5.4 c ap dung them cho xi mang
thoa man cac yeu cau ve cng loai V va mot so xi mang thuy hoa hon
hp theo ASTM C595. Bang 5.4 c xem la
o cua cac loai I, IA, II, IIA, III, IIIA,
s dung c oi vi tat ca cac loai xi
hoac V cua Quy trnh Ky thuat ve Xi mang c liet ke, v cac gii han ty
mang Portland (ASTM C150), hoac le nc/xi mang la an toan va viec
55
cac loai IS, IS-A, IS(MS), IS-A(MS), I(SM), nh cap phoi theo phng phap nay ch
I(SM)-A, IP, IP-A, I(PM), I(PM)-A, IP(MS), IP- c cho phep trong cac trng hp ac
A(MS) cua Quy trnh Ky thuat ve Xi biet khi cac d lieu ve ket qua hien
trng hoac cac me tron th khong
mang thuy hoa hon hp (ASTM
co san. Cac hng dan sau ay c
C595), va khong c ap dung cho xem la cac hng dan s bo bo sung
cot lieu nhe hoac phu gia khong cho viec s dung xi mang loai V va cac
phai la phu gia long kh. xi mang thuy hoa hon hp :
(a) Tieu bieu la, cng o xi mang ln

hn cac yeu cau cng o toi thieu
cua ASTM mot lng ang ke va cac
yeu cau toi thieu c quy nh la khac
nhau t loai xi mang nay sang loai xi
mang khac. Co the thu thap c cac
thong tin co gia tr ve xi mang loai V
hoac xi mang thuy hoa bang cach so
sanh cac mc cng o c bao cao
tren cac th nghiem cua nha may san
xuat ve loai xi mang d kien s dung
vi cac mc cng o nho nhat quy
nh cho loai I va loai II hoac loai IA va IIA
oi vi be tong long kh.
(b) Khi d kien s dung cac xi mang

long kh (co ch sau la A), th cac the
ap dung c ty le nc/xi mang thap
hn bang 5.4.
(c) Khi s dung xi mang loai V va P hoac

xi mang ben sulfate trung bnh, th phai
xem xet ung an anh hng cua viec
at cng o thap do ky thuat thi cong.
(d) Khi nh cap phoi theo bang 5.4, th lu

y la khong c s dung phu gia (khong
phai la phu gia long kh) hoac cot lieu
nhe.
5.4.3- Be tong c nh cap phoi

theo cac gii han ve ty le nc/xi
mang c quy nh trong bang 5.4
ong thi phai tuan theo cac yeu
cau ve moi trng tiep xuc cua
chng 4 va cac ch tieu th nghiem
cng o nen cua muc 5.6.
5.5- Giam cng o trung bnh R5.5- Giam cng o trung bnh
Khi co san cac d lieu trong qua

trnh thi cong, th gia tr cng o
ma tr so fcr phai ln hn tr so
quy nh fc co the c giam bt,
mien la :
(a) Co san 30 hoac nhieu hn ket

qua th nghiem va trung bnh cua
cac ket qua th nghiem ln hn
mc yeu cau cua muc 5.3.2.1, vi
o lech chuan c tnh theo muc
5.3.1.1, hoac
(b) co san t 15 - 29 ket qua th

nghiem va trung bnh cua cac ket
56
qua th nghiem ln hn mc yeu

cau cua muc 5.3.2.1, vi o lech
chuan c tnh theo muc 5.3.1.1, va
(c) Thoa man cac yeu cau ve moi

trng tiep xuc ac biet trong
chng 4.
5.6- anh gia va chap R5.6- anh gia va chap thuan be

tong
thuan be tong
Mot khi cac cap phoi be tong a c
chon va bat au thi cong, th cac ch
tieu e anh gia va chap thuan be
tong co the c rut ra t muc 5.6.
Quy pham nay co gang cung cap c s

c cat ngha ro rang e anh gia
chap thuan be tong, ong thi trnh
bay mot nhom cac cong viec can phai
tuan theo khi cac ket qua cua cac th
nghiem cng o la khong thoa man.
5.6.1- So lan thc hien th 5.6.1- So lan thc hien th nghiem

nghiem
5.6.1.1- Cac mau dung cho cac th R5.6.1.1- Cac ch tieu sau ay quy nh
nghiem cng o cua moi loai be so lan lay mau toi thieu cho moi loai
tong c o trong mot ngay phai be tong :
(a) Mot lan trong mot ngay oi vi mot
c lay khong t hn mot lan mot
loai be tong, hoac
ngay, hoac khong t hn mot lan (b) Khong t hn mot lan trong mot ngay
cho moi 150 yd3 be tong, hoac cho moi 150 yd3 cua moi loai be tong,
khong t hn mot lan cho moi 5000 hoac
ft2 dien tch be mat cua san hoac (c) Khong t hn mot lan trong mot ngay
tng. cho moi 5000 ft2 be mat san hoac tng
c o moi ngay.
Khi tnh dien tch be mat, ch tnh mot
mat san hoac tng. Neu o day trung
bnh cua san hoac tng nho hn 9 in.
th ch tieu (c) yeu cau phai lay mau
tren mot lan cho moi 150 yd 3 be tong
c o.
5.6.1.2- Trong mot cong trnh cu the, R5.6.1.2- Phai lay mau th nghiem cng
neu tong the tch cua be tong o ngau nhien hoan toan neu s dung
lam cho so lan lay mau theo yeu chung e xac nh kha nang chap
thuan be tong. e lam ai dien, th
cau cua muc 5.6.1.1 la t hn 5 th
phai thc hien viec chon so lan lay
nghiem cng o cho mot loai be mau, hoac chon me tron c lay mau
tong nao o, th phai th nghiem ch tren c s chon ngau nhien trong
tren 5me tron c chon ngau mot thi gian o ma thoi. Neu cac me
nhien hoac t moi me neu t hn 5 tron lay mau c chon do hnh dang
me. cua be tong, do thuan tien, hoac bang
cac ch tieu chon la co kha nang
bien ong khac, th tnh chat thong ke
khong con gia tr na. Tat nhien,
khong nen lay tren mot mau (trung bnh
2 mau c uc t mot mau lay
-5.6.1.4) t mot me va co the khong
tron them nc vao be tong sau khi a
lay mau.
Phng phap ASTM D 3665 mo ta cac

phng phap chon ngau nhien cac me
can th nghiem.
57
5.6.1.3- Khi tong so lng cua mot

loai be tong cu the nho hn 50 yd 3,
th khong yeu cau cac th nghiem
cng o khi a e trnh va c
chap thuan bang chng chng minh
c cng o thoa man bi
Chuyen vien Xay dng.
5.6.1.4- Mot th nghiem cng o

phai la trung bnh cua 2 mau lang
tru c uc t cung mot mau lay
va c th nghiem tuoi 28 ngay
hoac tuoi c an nh trc e
xac nh f'c .
5.6.2- Mau uc c bao dng R5.6.2- Mau uc c bao dng

trong phong th nghiem trong phong th nghiem
5.6.2.1- Cac mau th nghiem cng

o phai c lay theo "Phng phap
Lay mau Be tong ti" (ASTM C 172).
5.6.2.2- Cac mau lang tru th

nghiem phai c uc va bao
dng trong phong th nghiem theo
"Ky thuat uc mau va bao dng
mau th nghiem be tong tai hien
trng" (ASTM C 31) va th nghiem
theo "Phng phap Th nghiem Cng
o nen cua mau be tong lang
tru" (ASTM C39).
5.6.2.3- Cap cng o cua mot R5.6.2.3- Ch mot nhom cac ch tieu
loai be tong rieng biet phai c chap thuan be tong c trnh bay va
xem la thoa man neu at c ca ap dung c cho tat ca cac loai be
tong c s dung trong ket cau c
hai yeu cau sau ay :
thiet ke phu hp vi quy pham nay,
khong ke en phng phap thiet ke
(a) Trung bnh cua tat ca cac nhom c dung. Cng o be tong c xem
3 mau lien tiep nhau bang hoac la thoa man khi nao cac gia tr trung
vt f'c. bnh cua bat ky 3 mau lien tiep nhau
con ln hn cng o quy nh f'c va
(b) Khong co mot th nghiem nao khong mot ket qua th nghiem nao
(trung bnh cua 2 mau lang tru) thap thap hn f'c qua 500 psi. Viec anh gia
hn f'c hn 500 psi. va chap thuan be tong co the c
thc hien ngay khi nhan c ket qua th
nghiem trong qua trnh thi cong be tong.
Cac th nghiem cng o khong at cac
ch tieu nay oi khi se xay ra (xac
suat 1/100) tham ch khi thoa man cng
o va o ong nhat cua be tong.
Phai cha sai so cho cac bien ong
thong ke d kien nay khi quyet nh la
cap cng o c san xuat co ay
u hay khong. Ve phan xac suat khong
at yeu cau, th ch tieu ket qua cua
mot th nghiem cng o toi thieu thap
hn f'c di 500 psi a t thoa man yeu
cau ve so lng th nghiem t. V du, neu
ch 5 th nghiem cng o c thc
hien cho mot cong tac be tong nho, th
hien nhien la, neu bat ky ket qua th
nghiem cng o nao (trung bnh cua 2
58
mau lang tru) thap hn f'c hn 500 psi, th

khong thoa man ch tieu nay.
5.6.2.4- Neu khong at c mot R5.6.2.4- Neu be tong khong at

trong cac yeu cau cua muc 5.6.2.3, c mot trong cac yeu cau cua
th phai tien hanh cac bc e muc 5.6.2.3, th phai tien hanh cac
nang cao ket qua trung bnh cua bc e nang cao ket qua trung bnh
cac ket qua th nghiem cng o. cua cac ket qua th nghiem cng
Phai tuan theo cac yeu cau cua o. Neu be tong c san xuat
muc 5.6.4 neu khong thoa man cac nhieu e tch luy c t nhat la 15
yeu cau cua muc 5.6.2.3 (b). th nghiem, th phai s dung cac th
nghiem nay e lap mot cng o
trung bnh mi can at en nh mo
ta trong muc 5.3.
Neu t hn 15 th nghiem oi vi loai

be tong ang nghi ng, th mot
cng o trung bnh mi can at
en phai toi thieu ln bang cap
cng o trung bnh c dung trong
viec chon cap phoi ban au. Neu
trung bnh cua cac th nghiem san
co a c thc hien tren cong
trnh o bang hoac ln hn cap
cng o c dung ban au khi
chon cap phoi, th can phai tang
cap cng o trung bnh ve sau.
Cac bc can thc hien e tang

cap cng o trung bnh cua cac
ket qua th nghiem se tuy thuoc
vao tnmg trng hp cu the, nhng
co the bao gom mot trong cac bc
sau ay :
(a) tang ham lng vat lieu co xi

mang,
(b) thay oi thanh phan cap phoi,
(c) giam hoac kiem soat tot hn o

sut be tong,
(d) rut ngan thi gian giao be tong,
(e) kiem soat tot hn ham lng kh,

hoac
(f) nang cao chat lng th nghiem,

bao gom ca viec tuan thu nghiem
ngat cac phng phap th nghiem
tieu chuan.
Cac thay oi trong cac phng phap

san xuat va th nghiem, hoac cac
thay oi ve ham lng xi mang,
hoac o sut khong yeu cau viec
e trnh lai chnh thc theo yeu cau
cua muc 5.5; tuy nhien, cac thay oi
quan trong ve nguon xi mang, cot
59
lieu, hoac phu gia phai c kem

theo vi cac bang chng chng
minh rang cng o trung bnh se
c tang len.
Cac phong th nghiem kiem tra mau

th lang tru hoac mau khoan e
xac nh tnh phu hp vi cac yeu
cau nay phai c cong nhan hoac
c tham tra cho phu hp vi yeu
cau cua ASTM C1077 bi mot to
chng co uy tn nh Hiep hoi Cong
nhan Phong th nghiem My (A2LA),
Phong th nghiem oi chng vat
lieu AASHTO (AMRL), Chng trnh Cong
nhan cac th nghiem Quoc gia
(NVLAP), Phong th nghiem oi chng
Xi mang va Be tong (CCRL), hoac
cac to chc tng ng khac.
5.6.3- Mau bao dng tai hien R5.6.3- Mau bao dng tai hien
trng trng
5.6.3.1- Chuyen vien Xay dng co

the yeu cau cac th nghiem cng
o cua mau lang tru c bao
dng tai theo ieu kien hien
trng e kiem tra tnh ay u cua
viec bao dng va bao ve be
tong trong ket cau.
5.6.3.2- Mau lang tru bao dng tai

hien trng phai c bao dng
theo cac ieu kien hien trng phu
hp vi "Ky thuat uc mau va
bao dng mau th nghiem be
tong tai hien trng" (ASTM C31).
5.6.3.3- Mau lang tru bao dng tai

hien trng phai c uc cung
luc va cung cac mau lay vi cac
mau lang tru bao dng trong
phong th nghiem.
5.6.3.4- Phai c tang cng cac R5.6.3.4- Cac hng dan hu ch c

bien phap bao ve va bao dng trnh bay trong quy pham nay lien quan
be tong khi cng o cua mau en viec dien giai cac th nghiem cua
mau lang tru bao dng tai hien
lang tru bao dng tai hien trng
trng. Cac ket qua nghien cu a
tuoi th nghiem c an nh e chng minh c rang cac mau lang tru
xac nh f'c thap hn 85% so vi c bao ve va bao dng nham mo
mau lang tru bao dng trong phong ky thuat thc hien at tieu
phong th nghiem. Gii han 85% nay chuan tot tai hien trng khong c
khong c ap dung neu cng o thap hn 85% so vi mau lang tru bao
cua lang tru bao dng tai hien dng am tieu chuan trong phong th
trng ln hn f'c qua 500 psi. nghiem. So phan tram nay a c
thiet lap chu yeu e lam can c ty
le cho viec anh gia tnh ay u cua
viec bao dng tai hien trng. Viec so
sanh phai c thc hien gia cng
o thc te o c cua cac nhom mau
tng ng bao dng tai hien trng va
60
bao dng trong phong th nghiem,

khong phai gia mau bao dng tai
hien trng va cng o f'c quy nh. Tuy
nhien, cac ket qua cua mau bao
dng tai hien trng c xem la thoa
man neu cac ket qua nay ln hn
cng o quy nh f'c hn 500 psi, tham
ch chung khong thoa man gii han 85%
cng o cua nhom mau tng ng
bao dng trong phong th nghiem .
5.6.4- ieu tra cac ket qua th R5.6.4- ieu tra cac ket qua th
nghiem cng o thap nghiem cng o thap
5.6.4.1- Neu bat ky th nghiem Cac hng dan c cung cap lien quan
cng o nao (muc 5.6.1.4) cua en phng phap can phai thc hien khi
cac mau bao dng trong phong th cac th nghiem cng o khong thoa
man cac ch tieu chap thuan be tong.
nghiem thap hn cng o quy nh
V nhng ly do hien nhien, cac hng
f'c hn 500 psi [muc 5.6.2.3(b)] hoac dan nay khong the ch mang tnh ly
neu cac th nghiem mau bao thuyet. Chuyen vien Xay dng phai xem
dng tai hien trng cho thay s xet y ngha thc s cua cac ket qua th
thieu sot ve bao dng va bao nghiem cng o thap va chung can
ve (muc 5.6.3.4), th phai tien hanh phai xem xet en hay khong. Neu can
cac bc e bao am kha nang thiet phai khao sat them, th cac viec
chu lc cua ket cau khong b pha khao sat them co the bao gom cac th
v. nghiem khong pha huy, hoac trong
trng hp qua ac biet, th phai thc
hien cac th nghiem cng o mau loi
5.6.4.2- Neu xac nhan c tnh khoan cho ket cau o.
trang be tong cng o thap va
cac ket qua tnh toan cho thay Cac th nghiem khong pha huy oi vi
rang kha nang chu lc co the be tong tai cho, nh la xuyen tham do,
giam ang ke, th co the phai lay bua va ap, van toc xung sieu am, co
cac mau khoan t khu vc be tong the c s dung e xac nh xem phan
co nghi ng theo "Phng phap Lay be tong ket cau o co cha be tong
mau va Th nghiem mau khoan va cng o thap hay khong. Cac th
nghiem nay chu yeu co gia tr so sanh
mau cat be tong" (ASTM C42). Trong
trong cung mot cong viec hn la o em
cac trng hp o, phai lay 3 mau nh lng ve cng o. oi vi mau
khoan cho moi th nghiem cng o khoan, neu co yeu cau, th cac ch tieu
thap hn cng o quy nh f'c hn chap thuan ay u tnh an toan c
500 psi. cung cap phai bao am tnh ay u ve
mat ket cau cho hau nh bat ky loai
5.6.4.3- Neu be tong trong ket cau cong trnh nao. Tat nhien, cng o
se b kho trong ieu kien s dung, thap co the bo qua trong nhieu trng
th mau khoan phai c phi kho hp khac nhau, nhng ieu nay lai tr
thanh mot van e xem xet cua Chuyen
ngoai khong kh (nhiet o 60-80 oF,
vien Xay dng va cua ngi thiet ke.
am o tng oi nho hn 60 %) trong Khi cac th nghiem khoan khong bao am
7 ngay trc khi th nghiem va phai c tnh ay u ve mat ket cau,
th nghiem trong trang thai kho. Neu Chuyen vien Xay dng co the yeu cau
be tong trong ket cau se qua t mot th nghiem at tai (chng 20) ac
trong ieu kien s dung, th mau biet la trng hp he thong san hoac
khoan phai c ngam nc trong t mai th co the tot hn. Neu th nghiem
nhat 40 gi va c th nghiem at tai trong thi gian ngan, do thi gian
trong trang thai t. va ieu kien khong cho phep e tang
cng o cua be tong tai cho bang
cach tang cng bao dng them. Hieu
5.6.4.4- Be tong khu vc c ai qua cua viec bao dng nay phai c
dien bang cac th nghiem mau kiem tra lai bang cac viec anh gia
khoan phai c xem la ay u ve cng o ve sau bang cac phng phap
mat ket cau neu ket qua trung a c trnh bay trc ay.
bnh cua 3 mau khoan bang hoac
ln hn 85% cng o quy nh f'c Phai lu y rang cac th nghiem mau
va khong co mot mau nao thap khoan co ket qua trung bnh bang 85%
cng o quy nh la hoan toan co the
61
hn 75% f'c. Cho phep th nghiem xay ra. Viec d kien ket qua cac th
them cac mau khoan c khoan t nghiem khoan bang vi f'c la khong thc
cac v tr c ai dien bi cac ket te, v cac sai lech ve kch thc mau,
qua th nghiem mau khoan khong cac ieu kien lay mau, va cac phng
phap bao dng, khong cho phep thu
chnh xac.
c cac ket qua bang nhau.
5.6.4.5- Neu khong at cac ch Quy pham nay, nh a quy nh, t no
tieu cua muc 5.6.4.4, va neu van rang buoc no vi viec am bao tnh an
con nghi ng ve tnh ay u ve toan ve mat ket cau va cac hng
mat ket cau, th c quan co trach dan trong muc 5.6 la nham vao muc ch
nhiem co the yeu cau cac th nay. Quy pham nay khong nham muc
nghiem at tai nh phac hoa trong ch s dung cac sai khac ve cng o
chng 20, hoac thc hien cac bien phai nh the nao e yeu cau cac bien
phap ieu chnh.
phap thch hp khac.
Theo cac yeu cau cua phan nay, th
cac mau khoan c lay e xac nhan
tnh ay u ve mat ket cau se thng
c lay cac tuoi sau cac tuoi c
quy nh e xac nh f'c.
5.7- Chuan b thiet b va o be R5.7- Chuan b thiet b va o

tong be tong
5.7.1- Viec chuan b trc khi o Cac hng dan cho viec tron, xuc o,
be tong phai bao gom nh sau : van chuyen be tong c trnh bay chi
tiet trong Hng dan nh lng,
tron, van chuyen, va o be tong
(a) Tat ca cac thiet b tron va van
bao cao bi ACI 304 5.8 (Trnh bay cac
chuyen be tong phai sach se. phng phap va cac bien phap thc
hien kiem soat, di chuyen va cat gi
(b) Phai don dep sach rac va bang vat lieu, nh lng, sai so nh lng,
tuyet khoi cac khu vc can o be tron, phng phap o, van chuyen, va
tong. van khuon).
(c) Van khuon phai c quet chat Can chu y s dung thiet b sach va ve
boi trn thch hp. sinh sach van khuon va cot thep trc
khi bat au o be tong. ac biet, mat
ca, inh oc, mau go, va cac loai rac
(d) Cac chat tram mach khoi xay khac co the tu lai ben trong van khuon
se tiep xuc vi be tong phai c phai c don sach. Cot thep phai c
tam t hoan toan. don sach bang tuyet, bui ban, r xop,
vay thep, hoac cac lp bam dnh khac.
(e) Cot thep phai c ve sinh sach Phai lam kho het nc ong tren van
bang tuyet va cac chat bam dnh khuon.
oc hai khac.
(f) Phai thoat het nc khoi v tr

o be tong trc khi o be tong
tr phi se s dung mang o hoac
tr phi c cho phep khac bi
Chuyen vien Xay dng.
(g) Tat ca cac vang va cac vat

lieu khong ben khac phai c don
sach trc khi o be tong mi len
be tong cu a cng.
5.8- Tron be tong 5.8- Tron be tong
5.8.1- Tat ca moi be tong eu Be tong ong eu va chat lng tot

phai c tron cho en khi at s yeu cau phai tron ky vat lieu cho en
phan bo vat lieu ong eu va khi ong eu ve bieu hien ben ngoai
62
phai trut ra het trc khi tron me va phan bo het tat ca cac thanh
mi. phan. Mau c lay t cac phan khac
nhau cua mot me tron can thiet phai
co cung mot trong lng n v, ham
5.8.2- Be tong tron san phai c
lng kh, o sut, va ham lng cot lieu
tron va giao theo yeu cau cua "Quy tho. Cac phng phap th nghiem ve o
trnh Ky thuat ve Be tong tron ong eu cua cong tac tron be tong
san" (ASTM C94) hoac "Quy trnh Ky c trnh bay trong ASTM C94. Thi gian
thuat ve Be tong c san xuat tron can thiet se phu thuoc vao nhieu
theo phng phap nh lng the tch yeu to bao gom ke ca kch thc me
va tron lien tuc" (ASTM C685). tron, o cng trong me tron, kch thc
va phan bo cap hat cua cot lieu, va
hieu suat cua may tron. Khong nen
tron qua qua lau e tranh nghien nat
cot lieu.
5.8.3- Be tong tron tai cho phai

c tron theo cac yeu cau sau ay
:
(a) Phai tron tren trong tron loai

c chap thuan.
(b) Trong tron phai xoay toc o

hng dan cua nha san xuat
trong tron.
(c) Phai tron lien tuc trong t nhat 1

phut sau khi o het tat ca cac
vat lieu vao trong tron, tr phi
chng minh c la thi gian tron
ngan hn cung thoa man bang cac
th nghiem ve o ong eu theo
"Quy trnh Ky thuat ve Be tong tron
san" (ASTM C94).
(d) Viec di chuyen, nh lng va

tron phai phu hp vi cac ieu
khoan tng ng trong "Quy trnh Ky
thuat ve Be tong tron san" (ASTM
C94).
(e) Phai lu mot so ghi chi tiet e

phan biet :
(1) so me c san xuat;
(2) cap phoi vat lieu c dung;
(3) v tr tng oi cua be tong c

o trong ket cau.
(4) ngay va gi tron va o be

tong.
5.9- Van chuyen R5.9- Van chuyen
5.9.1- Be tong phai c van Moi mot cong oan trong xuc o va
chuyen en ni o cuoi cung bang van chuyen can phai c kiem soat
cac phng phap tranh c s ky e duy tr o ong nhat trong mot
me tron va gia me nay vi me
phan tang hoac hao hut vat lieu.
khac. Can phai tranh phan tach cot
63
5.9.2- Thiet b van chuyen phai co lieu tho khoi va hoac cac thanh phan
kha nang cung cap be tong en khac.
hien trng o be tong ma khong
Quy pham nay yeu cau thiet b xuc o
lam phan tang cac thanh phan be
va van chuyen phai co kha nang cung
tong va khong gian oan ang ke cap be tong en ni o lien tuc va
lam giam o deo gia cac lan ung chat lng trong tat ca cac ieu
cung cap. kien van chuyen va cho tat ca cac
phng phap o be tong. Cac ieu
khoan cua muc 5.9 ap dung cho tat ca
cac phng phap o be tong, bao gom
ca bm, bang tai, he thong ap lc, xe
kut kt, xe goong, gau cau, va mang
dan.
Co the dan en tnh trang sut giam

cng o nhieu khi be tong c bm
trong ong nhom hoac hp kim nhom. Kh
hydro giai phong ra do phan ng gia
kiem xi mang va nhom b an mon ben
trong be mat ong a c chng minh
la co the lam giam en 50% cng
o. V the, khong c s dung cac
thiet b lam bang nhom hoac hp kim
nhom cho cac ong bm, mang dan,
hoac mang khong phai la mang ngan
e dan be tong ra khoi xe tron.
5.10- o be tong R5.10- o be tong
5.10.1- Be tong phai c o cang Viec xuc chuyen lai be tong co the la
gan v tr o cuoi cung cang tot phan tach vat lieu. Do o quy pham
nham tranh phan tang do xuc nay lu y trc ve ac iem nay.
Khong cho phep viec tron lai be tong
chuyen lai hoac do ri vai.
a cng cuc bo co them nc, tr phi
c e ngh. ieu nay khong loai tr
5.10.2- Viec o be tong phai c kha nang them nc vao hon hp be
tien hanh vi toc o sao cho be tong e a be tong ve gii han o
tong luon luon deo va chay de sut quy nh (lu y trong ASTM C94) trong
dang vao cac khoang trong gia khi khong xam pham cac gii han ve
cot thep. thi gian tron toi a va ty le nc xi
mang.
5.10.3- Be tong a cng cuc bo
Muc 5.10.4 cua Quy pham nay nam 1971
hoac a b nhiem ban tap vat
co neu yeu cau la "khi cac ieu kien
khong c o trong ket cau. am la kho khan hoac cot thep day
ac, th phai o trc tien cac me va
5.10.4- Khong c s dung be co cung ty le xi mang, cat va nc
tong tron lai hoac be tong tron lai vao van khuon en o cao t nhat 1 in."
sau khi ong ran ban au, tr phi Yeu cau nay b bac bo ke t an ban
c Ky s chap thuan. 1977, bi v cac ieu kien e ap dung
bien phap x ly nay khong xac nh
5.10.5- Sau khi bat au o be tong, c mot cach cu the e phan nh
chung thanh mot yeu cau quy pham. Tuy
phai tien hanh o lien tuc cho en
nhien, bien phap nay van con gia tr
khi hoan thanh en mot mat cat va phai c neu vao trong quy trnh ky
hoac mot tam chan c xem la thuat cong trnh khi thch hp, vi trach
ranh gii vung o hoac la mach thi nhiem rieng cua giam sat hien trng
cong a xac nh t trc, ngoai hn la cua Chuyen vien Xay dng.
tr cac iem cho phep hoac khong Viec s dung cac me va ho tr
cho phep trong muc 6.4. cho viec tranh hien tng ro to ong
hoac lien ket yeu gia be tong
5.10.6- Cac be mat tren cua cac vi cot thep. Va nay phai c
khoi o c nh hnh bang van o ngay trc khi o be tong va
khuon ng phai c tao phang phai deo (khong cng hoac khong
tng oi. long) khi o be tong.
64
5.10.7- Khi yeu cau cac mach thi Cac hng dan ve viec o be
cong, th phai bo tr mach theo muc tong c trnh bay chi tiet trong
6.4. cuon "Hng dan cong tac o
be tong", ACI 309. (Trnh bay cac
5.10.8- Tat ca moi be tong eu thong tin hien thi ve cong nghe
phai c am ky bang dung cu am be tong va a ra cac hng
am thch hp trong khi o va phai dan ve cac ac tnh cua thiet b
chen chat xung quanh cot thep va va cac phng phap o be tong
cac cau kien at san va vao trong oi vi nhieu loai be tong khac
cac goc canh cua van khuon. nhau).
5.11- Bao dng be tong R5.11- Bao dng be tong
5.11.1- Be tong (khong phai la be Cac hng dan ve bao dng be tong
tong cng o ban au cao) phai c trnh bay trong cuon "Ky thuat
c gi nhiet o tren 50 oF va tieu chuan ve bao dng be
tong", ACI 308. (Trnh bay cac nguyen
trong ieu kien am trong t nhat 7
tac c ban e bao dng tot va mo
ngay sau khi o, tr khi c bao ta cac phng phap, cac bien phap, va
dng theo muc 5.11.3. cac vat lieu khac nhau dung cho bao
dng be tong).
5.11.2- Be tong cng o ban au
cao phai c gi nhiet o tren
50oF va trong ieu kien am trong t
nhat 3 ngay sau khi o, tr khi c
bao dng theo muc 5.11.3.
5.11.3- Bao dng nhanh R5.11.3- Bao dng nhanh
5.11.3.1- Phai cho phep bao dng Cac ieu khoan cua phan nay ap dung
bang hi nc ap suat cao, hi nc khi s dung phng phap bao dng
ap suat thng, nong va am, nhanh, cho cau kien be tong uc san
hoac be tong uc tai cho. Cng o
hoac cac ky thuat c phep khac
nen cua be tong bao dng bang hi
e thuc ay s phat trien cng nc khong cao bang be tong tng t
o va rut ngan thi gian bao c bao dng lien tuc trong ieu kien
dng. am nhiet o thng. ong thi, mo
un an hoi Ec cua mau bao dng
5.11.3.2- Viec bao dng nhanh bang hi nc cung co the sai khac so
phai tao c cng o nen cua vi mo dun an hoi cua mau bao
be tong trang thai chu tai c dng am nhiet o thng. Khi se
xem la toi thieu tng ng vi dung phng phap bao dng bang hi
nc, th nen at can c chon cap phoi
cng o thiet ke yeu cau
be tong theo mau lang tru bao dng
trang thai chu tai o. bang hi nc.
5.11.3.3- Ky thuat bao dng nhanh

phai la ky thuat lam cho be tong
at c o ben toi thieu tng
ng vi phng phap bao dng
thng trong muc 5.11.1 hoac 5.11.2.
5.11.4- Khi c Ky s hoac Kien R5.11.4- Ngoai viec yeu cau nhiet o
truc s yeu cau, th phai thc hien va thi gian bao dng toi thieu oi
bo sung cac th nghiem cng o vi be tong thng va be tong cng
o sm, quy pham nay con trnh bay
phu hp vi muc 5.6.3 e bao am
mot ch tieu ac biet trong muc 5.6.3
viec bao dng la tot. ve viec anh gia tnh ay u cua viec
bao dng tai hien trng. tuoi mau
c dung e xac nh cng o quy
nh (thng la tuoi 28 ngay, th cac
mau lang tru bao dng tai hien trng
phai phat trien c cng o khong
65
thap hn 85% cng o tieu chuan, mau

lang tru bao dng trong phong th
nghiem. e so sanh tng oi chuan
xac, th cac mau lang tru bao dng tai
hien trng va mau tng ng c bao
dng trong phong th nghiem phai c
uc t cung mot mau lay. Mau tai
hien trng phai c bao dng trong
ieu kien hoan toan giong ieu kien
cua ket cau. Neu ket cau c bao ve
chong cac tac nhan moi trng, th
mau bao dng tai hien trng cung
phai c bao dng tng t.
Ngha la, cac mau lang tru ai dien cho

cac ket cau khong tiep xuc trc tiep
vi moi trng thi tiet phai c bao
dng gan ke cac cau kien o va
c che phu bao ve mc o tng
t va cung phng phap bao dng.
Neu cac mau lang tru bao dng tai

hien trng khong at c cng o
thoa man khi so sanh nh tren, th phai
thc hien cac bien phap e tang
cng bao dng ket cau. Neu mau
cho thay mc o thieu hut cng o
ln trong ket cau, th co the yeu cau
cac th nghiem mau khoan, co tham t
them hoac khong, e kiem tra tnh ay
u ve mat ket cau, nh trong muc 5.6.4.
5.12- Cac yeu cau oi vi thi 5.12- Cac yeu cau oi vi thi
tiet lanh tiet lanh
5.12.1- Phai cung cap ay u dung Cac hng dan ve cong tac thi cong
cu e si nong vat lieu be tong be tong di thi tiet lanh c trnh
va bao ve be tong chong thi bay trong cuon "Thi cong be tong
tiet ong bang va gan ong di thi tiet lanh" ACI 306 (trnh bay
cac yeu cau va cac phng phap tao
bang.
c be tong tot trong ieu kien thi
tiet lanh).
5.12.2- Tat ca cac vat lieu be
tong va tat ca cot thep, van
khuon, vat lieu tram nhet, va be
mat nen se tiep xuc vi be tong
phai sach het bang tuyet.
5.11.3- Khong c s dung cac

vat lieu a ong bang hoac co
cha bang tuyet.
5.13- Cac yeu cau oi vi thi 5.13- Cac yeu cau oi vi thi
tiet nong tiet nong
Trong ieu kien thi tiet nong, phai Cac hng dan ve cong tac thi cong
chu y en cac thanh phan be be tong di thi tiet lanh c trnh
tong, cac phng phap san xuat, di bay trong cuon "Thi cong be tong
di thi tiet nong" ACI 305 (nh
chuyen, o, bao ve va bao dng
ngha ve cac yeu to di thi tiet
be tong tranh hien tng nhiet o nong anh hng en cac ac tnh cua
be tong qua cao hoac hien tng be tong va trnh bay cac ky thuat thi
boc hi nc la giam cng o cong va cac bien phap e ngh e loai
yeu cau hoac giam kha nang s bo hoac han che cac anh hng bat
dung cua cau kien hoac cua ket li).
66
cau.
CHNG 6 - VAN KHUON, ONG AT SAN,

VA MACH THI CONG
QUI PHAM DIEN GIAI

6.1- Thiet ke van khuon 6.1- Thiet ke van khuon
6.1.1- Van khuon phai nh hnh Ch cac yeu cau ve tnh nang toi
c ket cau be tong phu hp ve thieu cua van khuon, can thiet e
hnh dang, ng thang va cac kch bao am an toan va sc khoe cho
ngi s dung, c mo ta trong chng
thc cua cau kien o theo nh
6. Van khuon cho be tong, bao gom
yeu cau cua ban ve thiet ke va viec thiet ke, thi cong va thao d thch
quy trnh ky thuat. hp oi hoi phai xem xet va lap ke
hoach tot van khuon at c ca hieu
6.1.2- Van khuon phai that s u qua an toan va tiet kiem. Cac thong
kht e tranh ro r va. tin chi tiet ve thiet ke van khuon c
trnh bay trong cuon "Hng dan van
6.1.3- Van khuon phai c giang khuon cho be tong" (trnh bay cac
hoac buoc chat vi nhau e gi hng dan ve thiet ke, thi cong va
vat lieu cho van khuon, khuon cho cac
vng v tr va hnh dang.
ket cau ac biet, va van khuon cho
cac phng phap thi cong ac biet.
6.1.4- Van khuon va tru chong phai c ch dan trc tiep cho cac nha
c thiet ke sao cho khong lam thau, cac ch tieu e ngh o se ho
hong ket cau a uc trc o. tr cho ky s va kien truc s trong viec
chuan b quy trnh ky thuat cong trng
6.1.5- Thiet ke van khuon phai xem cho cac nha thau).
xet en cac yeu to sau ay :
Van khuon cho be tong, ACI 347.
(Mot so tay hng dan cach thc hien
(a) Toc o va phng phap o.
cho nha thau, ky s, kien truc s da
theo cac hng dan c ban trong ACI
(b) tai trong thi cong, bao gom tai 347R-88. Thao luan viec lap ke hoach,
trong ng, ngang, va va ap. gia cong va s dung van khuon, bao
gom cac bang bieu, cac s o, cac
(c) Cac yeu cau ac biet ve van cong thc ve cac tai trong van
khuon cho thi cong ket cau vo khuon).
mong, tam ln song, mai vom, be
tong ket cau, hoac cac loai ket
cau tng t.
6.1.6- Van khuon cho cac cau kien

be tong tien ap phai c thiet ke
va lap at cho phep s chuyen dch
cua cau kien ma khong h hong
khi tac dung lc tien ap.
6.2- Thao d van khuon va coc R6.2- Thao d van khuon va coc
chong chong
6.2.1- Khong c at cac tai trong Khi xac nh thi gian thao van khuon,
thi cong len, hoac thao d bat ky phai xem xet en cac tai trong thi cong
coc chong nao ra khoi, bat ky bo va kha nang uon vong. Cac tai trong
thi cong thng toi thieu la bang hoat
phan nao cua ket cau khi ang thi
tai thiet ke. cac tuoi ban au, mot
cong, tr khi bo phan ket cau o ket cau co the u kha nang e
ket hp vi he thong van khuon chong chu cac tai trong tac dung len
va coc chong con lai co u cng no, nhng co the uong vong u mc
67
o e chong an toan trong gay ra bien dang vnh cu.

lng ban than va cac tai trong
tren no. Viec anh gia cng o be tong trong
khi thi cong co the c minh chng qua
cac mau lang tru bao dng tai hien
6.2.1.1- Viec phan tch ket cau ve trng hoac bang cac phng phap
cac tai trong d kien, cng o anh gia c chap thuan bi Chuyen
cua he thong van khuon va coc vien Xay dng nh la :
chong, va cac d lieu ve cng
o be tong phai chng minh c (a) Th nghiem mau lang tru uc tai cho
la be tong u cng o. Cac d theo "Phng phap Th nghiem Tieu chuan
lieu ve cng o be tong phai ve Mau lang tru uc tai cho trong
can c vao cac th nghiem mau khuon lang tru" (ASTM C873). (Phng
phap nay han che ch s dung cho san
lang tru bao dng tai hien trng,
vi o sau be tong t 5 - 12 in.).
hoac khi c chap thuan bi
Chuyen vien Xay dng, th can c (b) Sc ben chong xam nhap theo
vao cac phng phap anh gia "Phng phap Th nghiem Tieu chuan ve
cng o be tong. Viec phan tch sc ben chong xam nhap cua Be tong
ket cau va cac d lieu th nghiem cng" (ASTM C803).
cng o be tong phai c e
trnh cho Chuyen vien Xay dng khi (c) Cng o keo giat theo "Phng phap
c yeu cau. Th nghiem Tieu chuan ve Cng o
keo giat cua Be tong cng (ASTM
C900).
6.2.2- Khong c at tai trong thi
cong nao ln hn tong hp gia (d) Cac tr so he so trng thanh va
tnh tai at len ket cau va hoat s tng quan theo ASTM C1074.
tai quy nh len bat ky bo phan
khong c chong nao cua ket Cac phng phap (b), (c), va (d) yeu cau
cau ang thi cong, tr phi viec phan ay u d lieu s dung cac vat lieu
tch ket cau cho thay la u cng hien trng e chng minh s tng quan
o e chong chu cac tai trong o. cua cac kch thc tren ket cau vi
cng o nen cua mau xi lanh hoac
mau khoan.
6.2.3- Thao d van khuon phai sao
cho khong lam giam tnh an toan va Khi ket cau c chong gi tot tren
kha nang s dung cua ket cau. cac coc chong th van khuon thanh ben
Tat ca cac be tong se lo ra ngoai cua dam, dam chnh, cot, tng, va
sau khi thao van khuon phai u cac loai van khuon ng tng t, co
cng o e khong b pha hoai. the c thao d sau 12 gi bao dng
lien luc, mien la cac van khuon thanh
6.2.4. Khong c thao cac cot ben o khong chong chu cac tai trong
khac ngoai ap lc ngang cua be tong
chong van khuon cho cac cau kien deo. "Thi gian bao dng lien tuc" la
be tong tien ap cho en khi a tac tong thi gian, khong can thiet phai
dung hoan toan ap lc tien ap e lien tiep nhau trong o nhiet o moi
cho phep cau kien o chu c tai trng ln hn 50oF. Thi gian lien tuc 12
trong ban than va cac tai trong thi gi nay c can c vao cac loai xi
cong tac dung len no. mang thng va cac ieu kien thi
cong; viec s dung cac xi mang ac
biet hoac cac ieu kien bat thng co
the oi hoi phai ieu chnh cac gii
han cho trc. V du, be tong san xuat
t xi mang loai II, V (ASTM C150) hoac
ASTM C595, be tong cha cac phu gia
lam cham thi gian ninh ket, va be
tong co tron a nc vao khi tron (e
giam nhiet o cua be tong ti) co
the khong at u cng o sau 12 gi
va phai kiem tra trc khi thao van
khuon.
Viec thao van khuon trong ket cau

nhieu tang phai la mot bo phan trong
phng phap a c lap ke hoach co
tnh en viec chong gi tam thi cua
68
toan bo he thong cung nh tng cau

kien rieng le. Phai lap phng phap
nay trc khi thi cong va phai can c
vao viec phan tch ket ca1u co tnh en
cac yeu to sau ay mc o toi
thieu :
(a) He thong ket cau ton tai qua nhieu

giai oan thi cong khac nhau va cac tai
trong thi cong tng ng vi cac giai
oan o;
(b) Cng o cua be tong cac tuoi

khac nhau trong khi thi cong;
(c) Anh hng cua s bien dang cua

ket cau va he thong chong gi trong
phan bo cac tnh tai va tai trong thi
cong trong cac giai oan thi cong khac
nhau;
(d) Cng o va khoang cach gia cac

coc chong hoac he thong chong, cung
nh phng phap chong, giang, viec
thao coc chong va viec chong lai, bao
gom ca cac khoang thi gian ngan
nhat gia cac lan thao tac;
(e) Bat ky tai trong hoac ieu kien nao

khac anh hng en o an toan va
kha nang s dung cua ket cau trong
khi thi cong.
oi vi cong trnh nhieu tang, cng

o be tong trong cac giai oan khac
nhau phai c xac nh qua cac mau
bao du7ng tai hien trng hoac cac
phng phap c chap thuan khac.
Cac giai oan khac nhau cua phng
phap thi cong phai c kiem soat bi
mot oc cong di s giam sat cua
Ky s. Ket qua phan tch ket cau va
cac d lieu th nghiem c dung e
lap ke hoach va e thi cong van
khuon va coc chong phai c nha
thau e trnh cho Chuyen vien Xay dng
khi co yeu cau.
6.3- Ong cap va ong dan at R6.3- Ong cap va ong dan at
san trong be tong san trong be tong
6.3.1- Cho phep s dung cac ong R6.3.1- Co the at san ong cap, ong
cap, ong dan va ong long bang dan va ong long khong gay hai en
bat ky loai vat lieu nao khong gay be tong vao trong be tong, nhng
phng phap at sao cho ket cau khong
hai en be tong va nam trong cac
tr nen nguy hiem. Muc 6.3 trnh bay
gii han trong muc 6.3 c at san cac nguyen tac mang tnh kinh nghiem
vao trong be tong vi s chap ap dung e lap at an toan trong cac
thuan cua Ky s e thay the ve ieu kien bnh thng; oi vi cac ieu
mat ket cau phan be tong b kien khong bnh thng, phai thc hien
chiem cho. cac thiet ke ac biet. Nhieu quy pham
xay dng chung a chap thuan va s
dung quy pham ve ong dan ANSI/ASME
B31.1 ve ong dan day ien va ANSI 31.3
ve ong dan hoa chat va ong dan
dau, kh ot. Nhi lap quy trnh ky
thuat phai bao am s dung ung cac
69
quy pham ve ng ong tng ng trong

thiet ke va th nghiem kiem tra he
thong ong. Nha thau khong c lap
at cac ong cap, ong dan, ong an
hoi, hoac ong long khong c ve trong
ban ve hoac khong c Ky s hoac
Kien truc s chap thuan trc.
e bao am tnh toan ven cua ket

cau, ieu quan trong la tat ca cac
khp noi ong cap va ong dan nam
trong be tong phai c lap at can
than nh c neu trong ban ve hoac
yeu cau trong quy trnh ky thuat cong
trnh.
6.3.2- Khong c at cac ong cap R6.3.2- Quy pham nay nghiem cam viec
va ong dan bang nhom vao trong s dung nhom trong be tong ket cau,
be tong ket cau tr phi a trang tr phi co lp phu hoac lp bao ve
hu hieu. Nhom phan ng vi be
mot lp bao ve hoac mot lp
tong, va cung co the la phan ng
phu hu hieu e tranh phan ng ien phan vi thep khi co clorua, gay
gia nhom va be tong hoac phan nen hien tng nt va/hoac sat v be
ng ien phan gia nhom va tong. Cac ong dan ien bang nhom
thep. xuat hien van e ac biet bi v dong
ien tap tan kch thch phan ng co hai.
6.3.3- Ong cap, ong dan, va ong
long xuyen qua san, tng, hoac
dam khong c lam giam ang
ke cng o cua cau kien o.
6.3.4- Ong cap va ong dan, cung

vi cac khp noi cua chung c
at trong cot khong c thay the
cho hn 4% dien tch tiet dien ngang
c dung e tnh cng o hoac
c yeu cau e phong chay.
6.3.5- Tr phi ban ve ong dan va

ong cap c chap thuan bi Ky s
ket cau, neu khong ong dan va
ong cap c at trong san, tng,
hoac dam (khong phai la loai ch
xuyen qua) phai thoa man nh sau :
6.3.5.1- Kch thc ngoai khong c

ln hn 1/3 tong o day cua san,
tng, dam ma chung c at
vao.
6.3.5.2- Chung khong c at gan

nhau hn 3 lan ng knh hoac be
rong ke t tam.
6.3.5.3- Chung khong c lam

giam ang ke cng o cua ket
cau.
6.3.6- Ong cap, ong dan, va ong

long phai c xem la thay the ve
mat ket cau cho be tong b the
cho mien la :
70
6.3.6.1- Chung khong tiep xuc vi

tac nhan gay r ret hoac cac dang
pha hoai khac.
6.3.6.2- Chung la sat hoac thep

khong ma hoac co ma kem khong
mong hn ong thep trong bang dang
muc tieu chuan so 40.
6.3.6.3- Chung co ng knh ben

trong khong ln hn 2 in. va at
cach nhau khong lan ng knh ke
t tam.
6.3.7- Ong va khp noi phai c R6.3.7- Quy pham 1983 gii han ap lc
thiet ke e chong chu cac anh toi a trong ong at san la 200 psi, a
hng cua vat lieu, ap lc, va c xem la qua nghiem ngat. Tuy
nhien, phai xem xet en cac anh
nhiet o ma chung phai tiep xuc.
hng cua cac ap lc nay va s
gian n cua ong at san khi thiet ke
6.3.8- Khong c cha chat long, cau kien be tong o.
kh hoac hi, khong phai la nc,
trong ong vi ap suat ln hn 90F
hoac 50 psi, cho en khi be tong a
at c cng o thiet ke.
6.3.9- Trong cac tng ac, th ng

ong phai c at gia cot thep
mat va cot thep ay, tr phi dung
e ot nong nh bc xa hoac e
lam tan tuyet.
6.3.10- Lp be tong bao ve ong

dan, ong cap, va khp noi khong
c mong hn 1 in. oi vi be
tong tiep xuc vi at hoac moi
trng thi tiet, khong c mong
hn in. oi vi be tong khong
tiep xuc vi at hoac moi trng
thi tiet.
6.3.11- Thong thng ng ong

c at trong be tong vi cot
thep co tiet dien khong nho hn
0,002 lan tiet dien be tong.
6.3.12- Ong dan va ong cap phai

c gia cong va lap at sao cho
khong can en viec cat, uon, hoac
thay the cot thep khoi v tr at
ong.
6.4- Mach thi cong R6.4- Mach thi cong
6.4.1- Be mat cua mach thi cong e bao am tnh toan ven cua ket
phai c don sach va vang be cau, ieu quan trong la tat ca cac
tong c loai bo het. mach thi cong phai c quy nmh ro
trong ho s thi cong va c thi cong
theo yeu cau. Bat ky o lech cho phep
nao cung phai c Ky s hoac Kien
truc s chap thuan.
71
6.4.2- Ngay trc khi o be tong R6.4.2- Cac yeu cau cua quy pham 1977
mi, tat ca cac mach thi cong phai ve viec s dung be tong thuan tren
c tham t va khong co nc cac mach ng a c loai bo, bi v
t khi xuat hien va co the anh hng
ong.
xau neu van khuon sau va cot thep
day khong cho phep tiep can de dang.
Phng phap phun cat am thng xuyen
hoac cac phng phap khac thch hp
hn. Bi v quy pham nay ch thiet lap
cac tieu chuan toi thieu, ky s co the
phai quy nh cac phng phap ac biet
neu ieu kien cho phep. o day ma
lp va can at c khi bat au o
be tong phu thuoc vao thanh phan
cap phoi be tong, o day ac cua
cot thep, s xam nhap cua am, va
cac yeu to khac.
6.4.3- Mach thi cong phai c thc R6.4.3- Mach thi cong phai c bo tr
hien va nh v sao cho khong lam v tr gay ra o giam yeu nho nhat
giam cng o cua ket cau. Phai trong ket cau. Khi lc cat do trong lc la
khong ang ke, nh cac trng hp
co bien phap e truyen lc cat va
thng thay trong cac nhp gia cua
cac lc khac qua mach thi cong. Xem cau kien chu uon, th co the bo tr
muc 11.7.9. mot mach ng la u. Viec thiet ke
cac lc ngang co the can phai x ly
thiet ke ac biet cac mach thi cong.
Co the s dung cac chot chu cat, cac
chot chu cat gian oan, cac chot
cheo, hoac cac chi tiet truyen lc cat
khac cua muc 11.7 khi co yeu cau
truyen lc cat.
6.4.4- Mach thi cong tren san phai

c nh v trong mot phan ba gia
cua nhp san, dam va dam chnh.
Cac mach dam chnh phai nho ra
2 lan o rong cua cac giam giao
nhau.
6.4.5- Khong c o hoac lap R6.4.5- Viec ngng cong tac o be

dam, dam chnh, hoac san c tong trong cho cac cau kien c chong
chong bi cot hoac tng cho bi cot va tng la can thiet e
tranh nt cac giao dien gia san va
en khi cac cau kien chu lc ng
cau kien chong , do s chay nc
khong con trang thai deo na. va ong ran cua be tong deo trong
cau kien chong .
6.4.6- Dam, dam chnh, sng vom, R6.4.6- Cho phep phan tach viec o
tam treo va au cot phai c o san va dam, sng vom, va cac cau
lien vi he thong san, tr phi co kien tng t khi c neu tren ban ve
hoac khi a thc hien cac bien phap
s cho phep khac trong ban ve
e truyen lc nh yeu cau trong muc
hoac trong quy trnh ky thuat. 6.4.3.
CHNG 7 - CHI TIET COT THEP
QUI PHAM DIEN GIAI

7.0- Chu thch
d = khoang cach t ng bien Cac phng phap va cac tieu chuan

chu nen en trong tam cua cot hng dan ve viec chuan b ban ve
72
thep chu keo, in. thiet ke, cac chi tiet ien hnh, va cac
ban ve gia cong va lap at cot thep
db = ng knh danh ngha cua thanh, trong be tong cot thep ket cau c
trnh bay trong cuon So tay thiet ke
si, hoac cap tien ap, in.
chi tiet ACI - 1988, ACI 315.
fy = gii han chay quy nh cua cot Tat ca cac ieu khoan cua quy pham
thep khong tien ap, psi nay lien quan en ng knh (va tiet
dien) cua thanh, si, hoac cap c can
ld = chieu dai khai trien, in. Xem c vao kch thc danh ngha cua cot
chng 12. thep c trnh bay trong cac quy trnh
ky thuat ASTM tng ng. Kch thc danh
ngha tng ng vi kch thc cua
mot dien tch tron co cung trong lng
tren mot ft dai cua cac kch thc cua
thanh, si, hoac cap theo ASTM. Tiet dien
ngang cua cot thep c tnh theo kch
thc danh ngha.
7.1- Moc tieu chuan R7.1- Moc tieu chuan
Thuat ng "moc tieu chuan" c

s dung trong quy pham nay co
ngha nh sau :
7.1.1- La goc 180 o + oan keo dai

4db, nhng khong nho hn 2 in., tai
au t do cua thanh thep.
7.1.2- La goc 90 o + oan keo dai

12db, tai au t do cua thanh thep.
7.1.3- Moc ai chu lc va ai cau R1.7.3- Moc tieu chuan cua cot thep
tao : ai ch gii han thanh so 8 va nho
hn, va loai moc 90 o + oan keo dai 6db
ch gii han cho thanh so 5 va nho hn,
(a) Thanh so 5 va nho hn - la goc
trong ca hai trng hp nay eu c
90o + oan keo dai 6db, tai au t do can c vao ket qua nghien cu cho
cua thanh thep hoac thay la cac kch thc thanh ln hn co
moc 90o va oan keo dai 6db co xu
(b) Thanh so 6, so 7, va so 8 - la hng b keo bat ra khi tai trong ln.
goc 90o + oan keo dai 12db, tai au
t do cua thanh thep, hoac
(c) Thanh so 8 va nho hn - la goc

135o + oan keo dai 6db, tai au t
do cua thanh thep.
7.2- ng knh cong nho nhat R7.2- ng knh cong nho nhat
7.2.1- ng knh cong c o ben o uon cong tieu chuan cua cot thep
trong cua cot thep, khong c nho c trnh bay di dang ng knh
hn cac tr so trong bang 7.2, khac trong cua oan cong bi v ng knh
nay de o hn ban knh. Cac yeu to c
vi thanh t so 3 en so 5 cua
ban anh hng en ng knh trong
thep ai. cua oan cong la o deo chu uon ma
khong nt va kha nang chong nghien
nat be tong ben trong oan uon.
7.2.2- ng knh cong ben trong cua R7.2.2- Gii han 4db thng dung oi
ai chu lc va ai cau tao khong vi ai chu lc va ai cau tao c can
c nho hn 4db oi vi thanh so 5 c vao cac ky thuat uon moc ang
c chap thuan My. Viec s dung
va nho hn. oi vi thanh ln hn
thanh thep uon ai khong ln hn so 5
so 5, ng knh cong cua thanh phai
73
theo nh bang 7.2. e uon cac moc tieu chuan 90 o hoac

135o se cho phep uon nhieu lan tren
thiet b uon moc tieu chuan.
7.2.3- ng knh cong ben trong cua R7.2.3- Li thep han, thep trn hoac
oan uon trong li thep han (trn thep gai, co the dung cho ai chu lc
va gai) dung lam ai chu lc va ai va cau tao. Si thep tai moi han
khong co cung o deo va o chu
cau tao khong c ln hn 4db oi
uon ong eu nh cac oan khong c
vi si thep gai ln hn D6 va 2db ot nong. Anh hng nay cua nhiet
oi vi tat ca cac loai si khac. o han thng ch keo dai en trong
Cac oan cong co ng knh trong mot oan gan 4 lan ng knh si
nho hn 8db khong c ngan hn thep. ng knh cho phep nho nhat
4db ke t giao iem han gan nhat. cua oan cong trong hau het cac trng
hp la giong nh cac ng knh cong
yeu cau trong cac th nghiem uon ASTM
oi vi thep si.
Bang 7.2- ng knh cong nho
nhat
Kch thc ng knh nho nhat
thanh
So 3 - so 8 6db
So 9, 10, 11 8db
So 14 va 18 10db
7.3- Uon moc R7.3- Uon moc
7.3.1- Tat ca cot thep eu phai R7.3.1- Ky s co the la ky s, kien

c uon nguoi, tr phi co quy nh truc s thiet ke hoac la ky s, kien
khac cua Ky s. truc s giam sat do chu cong trnh thue
mn. oi vi cac oan uon khong
bnh thng vi ng knh trong nho hn
cac yeu cau th nghiem uon cua ASTM,
th co the yeu cau phai gia cong ac
biet.
7.3.2- Cot thep c ac san mot R7.3.2- Trong ieu kien thi cong co the
phan trong be tong khong c uon can thiet phai uon thep a chon trong
tai cho, tr phi c ghi trong ban be tong. Cac cong tac uon nay khong
ve hoac c Ky s cho phep. c thc hien khi khong c phep cua
Ky s. Ky s phai xac nh xem thanh
thep phai uon nguoi hay phai ot
nong trc. Cac oan uon phai thay oi
t t va phai c keo thang neu
c yeu cau.
Th nghiem a chng minh c rang

cot thep A615, mac 40 va 60 co the
c uon cong ro nan thang en mot
goc 90o hoac en mot ng knh cong
nho nhat c quy nh trong muc 7.2.
Neu co hien tng nt hoac gay, th
phai ot nong en nhiet o toi a la
1500oF e tranh hien tng nay cho cac
phan con lai cua thanh thep. Cac thanh
b gay trong khi uon hoac keo thang co
the c noi chong ben ngoai khu vc
uon.
Phai thc hien viec ot nong theo

phng phap sao cho khong pha hoai be
tong. Neu khu vc uon thep nam cach
be tong trong khoang 6 in., co the phai
ap dung mot so bien phap cach ly
bao ve. Viec ot nong nen c ieu
74
khien bang thiet b phan mau ch th

nhiet o hoac la mot thiet b thch hp
khac. Thanh ang nong khong c lam
nguoi nhan tao (bang nc hoac kh
nen) cho en khi thep nguoi t nhien
en 600oF.
7.4- ieu kien be mat cua cot 7.4- ieu kien be mat cua cot
thep thep
7.4.1- Khi o be tong, cot thep Cac gii han rieng ve g c can c
phai sach bun, dau, hoac cac lp vao cac th nghiem, ket hp vi viec
phu phi kim khac lam giam tnh lien xem xet cac th nghiem va cac hng
dan trc o. Tai lieu tham khao 7.4
ket. Cho phep co lp phu epoxy
trnh bay cac hng dan lien quan en
phu hp vi cac tieu chuan trong anh hng cua r va vay thep en
quy trnh ky thuat nay. ac tnh lien ket cua cot thep gai. Ket
qua nghien cu cho thay mot lng r
7.4.2- Cot thep, ngoai tr cap tien bnh thng lam tang tnh lien ket. Viec
ap, co r, vay thep, hoac ca r boc xep di chuyen cot thep manh
va vay thep phai c xem la thoa thng lam sach cac vet g xop co
man, mien la cac kch thc toi kha nang lam giam lien ket gia be
thieu (ke ca o cao cua ng gai) tong va cua cot thep.
va trong lng cua mot mau th
c quet bang choi thep khong
thap hn so vi cac yeu cau cua
quy trnh ky thuat ASTM tng ng.
7.4.3- Cap tien ap phai sach va

khong co dau, bui, vay thep, lo
kim va g qua nhieu. Cho phep co
mot lp oxit mong.
7.5- Lap at cot thep R7.5- Lap at cot thep
7.5.1- Cot thep, cap tien ap, va

ong thep phai c bo tr chnh xac
va c chong gi ay u trc
khi o be tong, va phai c co
nh chong lech v vi mc sai so
cho phep trong muc 7.5.2.
7.5.2- Neu khong co quy nh khac R7.5.2-Nh a trnh bay trong cac tieu
cua Ky s, th cot thep, cap tien chuan ACI khac, mot k thuat chung
ap, va ong thep phai c lap at c chap thuan a thiet lap cac sai
so ve tong o day (van khuon hoac
vi cac sai so nh sau :
hoan thien) va viec gia cong cot thep
uon gia , va cac ai cau tao, ai
chu lc, ai xoan oc kn. Ky s phai quy
nh cac sai so nho hn cac sai so cho
phep bi quy pham nay, ieu nay co
the can thiet e lam giam sai soi tch
luy dan en giam manh khoang cach
hu hieu hoac la o day lp be tong
bao ve cot thep.
Sai so ve khoang cach ngan nhat en

mat di cua san c nh hnh bang
van khuon c quy nh nghie6m ngat
hn, bi v tnh quan trong cua no trong
viec bao am o ben va tnh chong
chay, va bi v cac thanh thng c
chong theo phng phap bao am
c cac sai so o.
75
Co the can quy nh cac sai so nho hn

sai so yeu cau cua quy pham oi vi
be tong tien ap e kiem soat c
o vong trong pham vi sai so chap
thuan c gia ngi thiet ke va chu
cong trnh. Trong nhng trng hp o,
Ky s phai quy nh cac sai so can
thiet. Cac hng dan quy nh sai so
c trnh bay trong tai lieu tham khao
7.5.
7.5.2.1- Sai so cua khoang cach d

va o day lp be tong bao ve
nho nhat cua cau kien chu uon,
tng va cau kien chu nen phai
nh sau :
76
Sai so cua Sai so cua

khoang lp
cach d be tong
bao ve
d 8 in. 3/8 in. - 3/8 in.
d>8 1/2 in. - 1/2 in.
in.
Rieng sai so ve khoang cach thong

thuy t cot thep en mat di
san c nh hnh bang van khuon
la - in. va sai so cua lp be tong
bao ve khong c vt qua -1/3
o day lp bao ve toi thieu c
yeu cau trong cac ban ve thiet ke
hoac quy trnh ky thuat
7.5.2.2- Sai so lech v tr ng cua

cac oan uon va cac au mut cot
thep phai la 2 in., rieng cac au
cuoi cua cau kien thep o co sai
so la in.
7.5.3- Li thep han (si thep

khong ln hn W5 hoac D5) c
dung cho cac san co nhp khong
dai qua 10 ft co the c uon cong
tai mot iem gan ay san gia
nhp, neu nh cot thep o lien tuc
qua, hoac c neo chac chan vao
goi .
7.5.4- Khong cho phep han cac R7.5.4- "Moi han dnh" (han cac thanh
thanh cheo nhau trong lap at cot cheo nhau) co the lam giam yeu
thep tr phi co ch dan cua Ky s. nghiem trong thanh thep tai v tr han do
hieu ng luyen kim. Thao cac nay co
the c thc hien an toan ch khi vat
lieu han va thao tac han c s giam
sat lien tuc cua ngi co chc nang,
nh khi gia cong li thep han.
7.6- Gii han khoang cach gia R7.6- Gii han khoang cach gia
cac thanh cot thep cac thanh cot thep
7.6.1- Khoang cach thong thuy gia Mac du khoang cach gia cac thanh
cac thanh thep song song trong cung thep la khong thay oi trong bang quy
mot lp phai la db nhng khong pham 1989, nhng chieu dai khai trien
c neu trong chng 12 trong ban quy
c nho hn 1 in. Xem them muc
pham nay bien thien theo cac khoang
3.3.2. cach thong thuy nay. Ket qua la, nen
s dung khoang cach thong thuy ln
7.6.2- Khi at cot thep song song theo hn khoang cach toi thieu cho phep
hai hoac nhieu lp, phai at thanh trong mot so trng hp. Cac khoang
cua lp tren trc tiep ngay tren cach toi thieu luc au c thanh lap
thanh cua lp di vi khoang e cho phep be tong chay de dang
cach gia 2 lp khong nho hn 1 in. vao khoang cach gia cac thanh thep
va khoang cach gia cac thanh va van
khuon ma khong b ro to ong, va e
7.6.3- Cac cau kien chu nen co ai
bao am tranh s tap trung cua cac
xoan hoac ai cau tao, khoang cach thanh tren mot ng thang co the
thong thuy gia cac thanh thep doc gay nen vet nt do lc cat hoac do co
77
khong c nho hn 1,5 db hoac 1 ngot. Viec s dung ch so ng knh

in.Xem them muc 3.3.2. thanh "danh ngha" e xac nh khoang
cach toi thieu cho phep tao c mot
ch tieu ong nhat oi vi tat ca cac
7.6.4- Gii han ve khoang cach
kch thc thanh thep.
thong thuy gia cac thanh c ap
dung cho khoang cach thong thuy
gia mot moi noi chong tiep xuc
vi cac thanh hoac cac moi noi ke
can.
7.6.5- Tng va san, khong phai la

dam, phai at cot thep uon chnh
khong xa hn 3 lan o day cua
tng hoac san, hoac 18 in.
7.6.6- Cot thep bo R7.6.6- Cot thep bo
7.6.6.1- Mot nhom cot thep song Cac nghien cu ve tnh lien ket a
song c bo sat vi nhau e tng chng minh c rang cac iem cat
tac nh mot nh mot cau kien c cua cac thanh trong bo phai c bo tr
xen ke nhau. Cac thanh trong bo phai
gii han toi a la 4 thanh trong mot
c giang ai, neo day hoac bo chat
bo. bang phng phap khac e bao am
co nh v tr thang ng hoac nam
7.6.6.2- Cot thep bo phai c bo ngang.
chat bang ai chu lc hoac ai cau
tao. Viec khong cho phep bo cac thanh ln
hn so 11 trong dam hoac dam chnh la
7.6.6.3- Trong dam, khong c bo mot gii han mang tnh thc te oi vi
cac thanh thep ln hn so 11. cac cau kien xay dng nha. (Cuon "Quy
trnh Ky thuat Tieu chuan" ve Cau
ng bo" cho phep bo dung bo hai
7.6.6.4- Cac thanh trong mot bo thanh gom thanh so 14 va thanh so 18
ngat quang trong khoang nhp san trong cac dam cau). Viec tuan thu theo
cua cac cau kien chu uon phai cac yeu cau kiem soat vet nt cua
c ngat quang cac iem xem muc 10.6 se tranh c mot cach hu
ke cach nhau hn 40 db . hieu viec bo cac thanh ln hn so 11
thanh bo cot thep chu keo. Cum t
7.6.6.5- Khi cac gii han ve khoang "c bo sat vi nhau e tng tac
cach va lp vo be tong bao ve di dang mot cau kien" la nham loai
tr cach bo thep cung nhieu thanh
toi thieu c can c vao ng
tren mot mat phang. Cac hnh dang
knh thanh db , th mot bo thanh phai ien hnh cua thep bo la hnh tam giac,
c coi nh la mot thanh co ng hnh vuong, hoac cac hnh khac oi vi
knh tnh ra t tong tiet dien ngang cac bo 3 hoac 4 thanh. e e phong, th
tng ng. cac bo thep gom nhieu thanh tren
cung mot mat phang khong nen uon
moc hoac be cong nh la mot thanh
thep. Khi can uon moc au cuoi, th
u tien uon moc xen ke trong cac thanh
cung mot bo.
7.6.7- Cap va ong tien ap R7.6.7- Cap va ong tien ap
7.6.7.1- Khoang cach thong thuy

gia cac cap tien ap cac au
mut cua mot cau kien khong c
ngan hn 4 db oi vi thep si, hoac
3 db oi vi thep bo. Xem them muc
3.3.2. Co the cho phep cha cac
khoang cach ng ngan hn va cho
phep bo cac cap tien ap phan
gia cua nhp.
78
7.6.7.2- Ong tien ap keo trc co R7.6.7.2- Khi bo tr thang ng cac ong
the c bo thanh bo neu thoa tien ap dung cho cac cap tiep ap keo
man c viec o be tong va co trc, phai co cac bien phap phong
chong s be gay ong tien ap cua cac
bien phap phong chong s be gay
cap tien ap khi keo. Bo tr ngang cua
ong tien ap cua cac cap tien ap cot thep phai cho phep viec o be
khi keo. tong c de dang. Noi chung khoang
cach thong thuy bang 1,1/3 kch thc
cua cot lieu tho, nhng khong ngan hn
1 in. a c minh chng la thoa man.
Khi s tap trung cua cap va ong tien
ap co xu hng hnh thanh mat phang
giam yeu trong lp be tong bao ve, th
phai bo tr cot thep e tranh nt.
7.7- Bao ve cot thep bang be R7.7- Bao ve cot thep bang be
tong tong
7.7.1- Be tong o tai cho Lp be tong bao ve cot thep chong

(khong tien ap) ieu kien thi tiet va cac anh hng
khac c o t be mat be tong en
o day be mac ngoai cung cua cot thep c
Phai bao am lp be
toi o lp be tong bao ve len. Khi quy
tong bao ve cot thep toi thieu, in. nh lp be tong bao ve cho mot
thieu nh sau : nhom cau kien ket cau, o day cua
lp bao ve c o t cac canh ngoai
(a) Be tong o tren at 3 cua ai chu lc, ai cau tao, hoac ai
va thng xuyen tiep xoan neu cot thep ngang nay bao boc
xuc vi at ... cac cot thep chnh; c o t lp thanh
(b) Be tong tiep xuc vi ngoai cung neu s dung nhieu lp
at hoac thi tiep [Xem 2 thanh ma khong co ai chu lc hoac ai
1 cau tao; c o t iem cuoi cua
phan giai thch cua quy
khp noi kim loai hoac au ong oi
pham au sach] : vi thep tien ap.
T so 6 en so 18 ....
So 5, W31 hoac D31 va Trang thai "be mat be tong tiep xuc
nho hn.. 1 vi thi tiet" la trang thai tiep xuc
(c) Be tong khong tiep xuc trc tiep vi moi trng thay oi o
vi moi trng thi tiet am va khong ch la thay oi nhiet o.
hoac nen at : Mat di cua san hoac cau kien vo
San, tng, dam san: 1 mong thng khong c xem la "tiep
xuc" trc tiep, tr phi no chu tac ong
So 14 va so 18...
kho- am thay oi lien tuc, bao gom ca
So 11 va nho hn ... tac ong thay oi kho- am do ngng tu

Dam va cot : nc hoac ro r nc trc tiep t cac
Cot thep chnh, ai cau be mat mai che, nc chay tran hoac
tao, cac hien tng tng t.
ai chu lc, ai xoan......
Vo be tong, tam gn Chieu dai khai trien c neu trong
song : chng 12 la mot ham cua lp be tong
So 6 va ln hn ... bao ve cot thep. Ket qua la, nen s
dung lp bao ve toi thieu day hn trong
So 5, W31 hoac D31 va
mot so trng hp.
nho hn ...
7.7.2- Be tong uc san R7.7.2- o day cang mong cac cau

(san xuat trong ieu kien kien uc san cang phan anh s thuan
ieu hanh tai nha may) li trong viec ieu hanh cap phoi, o
be tong, va bao dng co hu cua
o day be tong uc san. Thuat ng "c san
Phai bao am lp be toi thieu, xuat di s kiem soat tai nha may"
tong bao ve cot thep toi in. khong co ngha la be tong nhat thiet
thieu nh sau : phai c san xuat tai nha may. Cac
cau kien ket cau c uc san tai
(a) Be tong tiep xuc vi at hien trng cung se c liet ke vao
hoac thi tiet : 1 nhom nay neu viec kiem soat kch
thc van khuon, lap at cot thep,
79
Ban tng : kiem tra chat lng be tong, va viec

So 14 va so 18... bao dng la tng t nh mc o
2
So 11 va nho hn ... thong thng tai nha may.
1
Cac cau kien khac : 1
So 14 va so 18...
So 6 - so 11...
nho hn ... 1
(b) Be tong khong tiep xuc 5/8
vi moi trng thi tiet
hoac nen at : db, nhng
San, tng, dam san: khong<5/
So 14 va so 18... 8 va
khong
So 11 va nho hn ...
>1
Dam va cot :
Cot thep chnh ... 3/8
5/8
3/8
ai cau tao, ai chu lc,
ai xoan....
Vo be tong, tam gn
song :
So 6 va ln hn ...
nho hn ..
7.7.3- Be tong tien ap R7.7.3- Be tong tien ap
7.7.3.1- Phai bao am lp be tong

bao ve cot thep toi thieu nh sau
oi vi cot thep tien ap va khong
tien ap, ong tien ap va cac khp
noi au ong tiep ap, ngoai tr cac
trng hp c neu trong muc
7.7.3.2 va 7.7.3.3 :
o day
(a) Be tong o tren at va toi thieu,
thng xuyen tiep xuc in.
vi at ... 3
(b) Be tong tiep xuc vi at
hoac thi tiet : 1
Ban tng, san, dam 1
san....
Cac cau kien khac ...
(c) Be tong khong tiep xuc
vi moi trng thi tiet
hoac nen at : 1
San, tng, dam 1
san ...
Dam va cot : 3/8
Cot thep chnh ... db , nhng
ai cau tao, ai chu lc, khong <
ai xoan...
Vo be tong, tam gn
song :
nho hn ...
Cot thep khac ...
7.7.3.2- oi vi cac cau kien be
tong tien ap tiep xuc vi at,
80
thi tiet, hoac cac moi trng an

mon, va co ng suat cho phep ln
hn ng suat trong muc 18.4.2 (b), th
phai tang lp be tong bao ve len
50%.
7.7.3.3- oi vi cac cau kien be

tong tien ap c san xuat vi s
kiem soat tai nha may, th lp be
tong bao ve dung cho cot thep
khong tien ap phai nh yeu cau
trong muc 7.7.2.
7.7.4- Cac thanh thep bo
oi vi thep bo, lp be tong bao

ve toi thieu phai bang ng knh
tng ng cua bo thanh, khong
can phai ln hn 2 in.; rieng oi vi
be tong c o tren at va tiep
xuc thng xuyen vi at, th lp
be tong toi thieu phai la 3 in.
7.7.5- Cac moi trng an mon R7.7.5- Cac moi trng an mon
Trong cac moi trng an mon hoac Khi be tong se tiep xuc vi cac nguon
cac moi trng tiep xuc khac nhiem chlorua ben ngoai khi s dung,
nghiet khac, lng be tong bao ve nh la muoi kh bang, nc l, nc
bien, hoac lng tham thau ra t cac
cot thep phai c tang len thch
nguon o, th phai nh cap phoi be
hp, va phai xem xet en o co tong cho thoa man cac yeu cau ve
ket va o chat cua lp be tong moi trng tiep xuc ac biet trong
bao ve, hoac phai cung cap cac chng 4. Bao gom ca ham lng kh, ty
lp bao ve khac. le nc/xi mang cc ai, cng o toi
thieu cua be tong thng va be tong
nhe, ham lng ion chlorua cc ai trong
be tong, va loai xi mang. Ngoai ra, e
bao ve chong an mon, nen s dung
lp be tong bao ve cot thep day 2 in.
oi vi tng va san va 2 in. oi
vi cac cau kien khac. oi vi cac
cau kien uc san c san xuat co s
kiem soat tai nha may, th nen s
dung lp bao ve tng ng la 1 va 2
in.
7.7.6- Thep ch R7.7.6- Thep ch
Cot thep, chi tiet chen, va cac tam

nam ngoai c d kien e lien
ket vi cac phan xay mi ve sau
phai c bao ve chong an mon.
7.7.7- Bao ve chong chay R7.7.7- Bao ve chong chay
Khi quy pham xay dng chung (ma

ban quy pham nay la mot bo
phan) yeu cau o day lp be
tong bao ve chong chay ln hn
o day c quy nh trong muc 7.7,
th phai s dung o day chong
chay o.
81
7.8- Cac chi tiet cot thep ac R7.8- Cac chi tiet cot thep ac
biet oi vi cot biet oi vi cot
7.8.1- Thanh thep uon khuyu
Cac thanh cot thep doc c uon

khuyu phai tuan theo cac yeu cau
sau ay :
7.8.1.1- o doc cua v tr nghieng

cua thanh uon khuyu hp vi truc
cua cot khong c ln hn o doc
1:6
7.8.1.2- Cac phan nam tren va

nam di mot uon khuyu phai song
song vi truc cua cot.
7.8.1.3- Phai chong ngang cho

cac v tr uon khuyu bang cac ai
cau tao, ai xoan nam ngang, hoac
ta len san. Chi tiet chong ngang
phai c thiet ke e chu c 1
lan thanh phan lc theo phng
ngang a c tnh toan cho v tr loi
cua thanh thep. Neu s dung ai
cau tao hoac cot thep xoan ngang,
th at cach v tr uon khong qua 6
in.
7.8.1.4- Thanh thep uon khuyu phai

c uon khuyu trc khi at vao
van khuon. Xem muc 7.3.
7.8.1.5- Khi be mat cot c e loi

3 in. hoac ln hn, th cac thanh cot
thep doc khong c uon cong loi
ra. Phai s dung cac tam chem,
c noi chong vi cac thanh thep
doc gan be mat c tao mat loi.
Moi noi chong phai phu hp vi
muc 12.17.
7.8.2- Loi thep R7.8.2- Loi thep
S truyen tai trong trong cac loi Gii han truyen lc 50% tai trong nen
thep ket cau cua mot cau kien qua mat chu lc au mut cua cac loi
chu nen o nhieu lan phai c thep ket cau la nham tao c mot
kha nang chu keo nh kha nang chu
thc hien nh sau :
keo cua moi noi chong tng t ( 50%),
bi v phan lc con lai cua tong ng
7.8.2.1- Cac au cua loi thep ket lc nen phai c truyen thong qua cac
cau phai c gia cong chnh xac chem chot, ban noi chong, moi han,
e chu lc tai cac moi noi chu lc vv. Yeu cau nay phai bao am c la
au mut, va co bien phap giang cac moi noi chong trong cac cau kien
gi tot e loi tren tiep xuc ong o nhieu lan chu nen thoa man
tam vi loi di. mc o can thiet kha nang chu keo
tng t nh yeu cau oi vi cac cau
7.8.2.2- cac moi noi chu lc kien be tong cot thep chu nen bnh
thng.
au mut, mat chu lc phai c
82
xem la u kha nang truyen khong

nhieu hn 50% ng lc nen tong
cong trong loi thep o.
7.8.2.3- S truyen ng lc gia e

cot va mong phai c thiet ke
phu hp vi muc 15.8.
7.8.2.4- Phan e cua cau kien

thep ket cau phai c thiet ke
e truyen c tong tai trong cua
toan bo cau kien o nhieu lan
en phan mong; hoac la phan e
cua cau kien thep ket cau phai
c thiet ke e ch truyen phan
tai trong cua rieng phan loi thep,
mien la a co san phan be tong
xung quanh e truyen phan cua
tong tai trong c phan be tong
cot thep truyen en mong thong
qua qua trnh nen trong be tong va
phan cua tong tai trong c
truyen bi cot thep.
7.9- Cac moi noi lien ket R7.9- Cac moi noi lien ket
7.9.1- Tai cac moi noi cua cac cau Viec bo buoc thep lai la can thiet
kien khung c ban (nh la dam va cac moi noi e bao am kha nang
cot), phai co ai buoc cho cac phan chu uon cua cac cau kien co the
phat trien c ma khong pha hoai v
noi chong cua thanh cot thep c
tr noi di tac ong cua tai trong lien
noi dai lien tuc va cho cac phan tuc.
neo cua cac cot thep tan cung
ngay cac moi noi o.
7.9.2- Phan ai buoc tai cac moi

noi phai bao gom phan be tong
ben ngoai hoac cac ai cau tao, ai
xoan, hoac ai chu lc ben trong.
7.10- Cot thep ngang cho cau R7.10- Cot thep ngang cho cau kien
kien chu nen chu nen
7.10.1- Cot thep ngang cho cau kien

chu nen phai phu hp vi cac
ieu khoan cua muc 7.10.4 va 7.10.5
va khi co yeu cau cot thep chu
cat hoac chu xoan, th phai phu
hp vi cac yeu cau cua Chng
11.
7.10.2- Cac yeu cau ve cot thep

ngang cho cau kien o nhieu lan
phai phu hp vi muc 10.14. Cac
yeu cau ve cot thep ngang cho cap
tien ap phai phu hp vi muc
18.11.
7.10.3- Cac yeu cau ve cot thep R7.10.3- Cot uc san co lp be tong
ngang cua muc 7.10, 10.14 va 18.11 bao ve mong hn 1 in. cot tien ap
co the c bo qua khi cac th khong co cot thep doc, cot co kch
83
nghiem va cac ket qua phan tch thc nho hn kch thc toi thieu c
ket cau cho thay cng o am quy nh trong cac Quy pham Xay dng
bao va tnh thch hp cua viec thi ACI trc ay, cac cot be tong co cot
lieu tho kch thc nho, cot dang ban
cong.
tng, va cac cot ac biet khac co
the yeu cau co cac thiet ke ac biet
cho cot thep ngang. Thep si trn hoac
gai, W4, D4, hoac ln hn, co the c
s dung dung lam ai cau tao hoac ai
chu lc. Neu cac dang cot ac biet
nay c, nh la cac cot be tong co
cot thep xoan oc oi vi cng o
tai trong trong thiet ke, th ty le cot
thep xoan s phai phu hp vi muc
10.9.3.
7.10.4- Cot thep xoan R7.10.4- Cot thep xoan
Cot thep xoan dung cho cau kien

chu nen phai phu hp vi muc
10.9.3 va cac muc sau ay :
7.10.4.1- Cot thep xoan phai gom R7.10.4- e xem xet ung an en be
co cac thanh hoac cac si cach tong o tai cho, ng knh nho nhat
eu nhau co kch thc va c lap cua cot thep xoan la 3/8 in.(3/8" ),
thanh so 3, hoac W11 hoac D11). ay la
at sao cho cho phep viec xuc
kch thc nho nhat co the dung c
chuyen va o be tong tot khong trong cot co lp be tong bao ve day
gay sai lech cac kch thc thiet ke. hn hoac bang 1 in. va co cng o
ln hn hoac bang 3000 psi neu khoang
7.10.4.2- oi vi cau kien uc tai cach thong thuy toi thieu e o be
cho, ng knh cua ai xoan khong tong c duy tr.
c nho hn 3/8 in.
Cac kch thc thep xoan oc tieu
7.10.4.3- Khoang cach thong thuy chuan la cac ng knh 3/8 in., in., va
5/8 in. oi vi thep trn hoac thep gai
gia cac ai xoan oc khong c
gia cong can nong hoac keo nguoi.
ln hn 3 in., hoac khong nho hn 1
in. Xem them muc 3.3.2. Quy pham nay cho phep thep ai xoan
ket thuc tai v tr cot thep nam ngang
7.10.4.4- Phan neo gia cac oan ai thap nhat c goi vao cot. Tuy nhien,
thep xoan c thc hien bang noi mot hoac nhieu mat cot khong
oan uong cong them 1 vong cua c bao kn bi dam hoac dam cha, th
thanh xoan hoac si thep xoan o yeu cau phai bo tr ai cau tao ke t
tai moi au cuoi cua mot oan ai oan ket thuc cua ai xoan en ay
cua san hoac tam tren au cot. Neu
xoan.
dam hoac dam cha bao kn tat ca cac
mat cua cot nhng cac o cao khac
7.10.4.5- Moi noi trong cot thep nhau, th phai keo dai phan ai cau tao
xoan phai la moi noi chong 48 db t phan ai xoan en o cao cua phan
nhng khong c ngan hn 12 in. cot thep ngang cua dam hoac dam cha
hoac la moi han. nong nhat c goi vao cot. Cac ai
cau tao bo sung nay bao kn cot thep
7.10.4.6- ai xoan phai keo dai len doc cua cot va phan cot thep thanh
tren mat tren cua mong hoac san cua dam c uon bat moc vao cot.
tren bat ky tang nao en cao o
Cot thep xoan phai c gi co nh
thap nhat cua cot thep nam ngang tai v tr, vi bc ai va hng xoan
cua cac cau kien c san hoac thch hp, e tranh xe dch v tr trong khi
mong o chong pha tren. o be tong. Quy pham nay trc ay
luon yeu cau dung mieng em e gi
7.10.4.7- Khi dam hoac dam consol long ai xoan a gia cong ung v tr,
khong goi vao tat ca cac mat nhng a c sa oi vao nam 1989
cua cot, th ai cau tao phai keo nham cho phep s dung mot phng
dai ben tren phan gii han cua ai phap thay the khac : V du nh si hoac
thanh thep xoan ng knh nho hn 5/8
xoan cho en ay cua san hoac
84
cua tam tren au cot. in., th phai s dung toi thieu 2 mieng
chem oi vi thep xoan ng knh
7.10.4.8- Trong cac cot co mu cot, xoan 20 - 30 in., va 4 mieng em oi
vi thep xoan oc ng knh ln hn 30
ai xoan phai keo dai en cao o
in. oi vi si hoac thanh thep xoan
ma o ng knh hoac la chieu ng knh 5/8 in. hoac ln hn, phai s
rong cua mu cot ln hn 2 lan dung toi thieu 3 mieng chem oi vi
ng knh hoac chieu rong cua thep xoan oc ng knh xoan nho hn
cot. hoac bang 24 in., va 4 mieng em oi
vi thep xoan oc ng knh ln hn 24
7.10.4.9- ai xoan phai c gi in. Quy trnh ky thuat cua cong trnh
chac chan tai v tr va thang hang. hoac hp ong thau phu phai ghi ro
viec cung cap mieng em hoac viec
giang ai tai hien trng cho cot thep
xoan.
7.10.5- ai cau tao 7.10.5- ai cau tao
Cot thep ai cau tao cua cau kien Tat ca cac thanh cot thep doc chu nen
phai c bao quanh bi ai ngang. Khi
chu nen phai phu hp vi cac
cot thep doc c bo tr theo hnh tron,
muc sau ay : th ch yeu cau mot ai tron cho mot
bc ai quy nh. Yeu cau nay co the
7.10.5.1- Tat ca cac thanh cot thep at c neu s dung mot ai tron lien
khong tien ap phai c bao bang tuc (ai xoan) vi bc ai ln hn mc
ai ngang, toi thieu la ai so 3 oi yeu cau oi vi ai xoan oc trong muc
vi cot thep doc so 10 va nho hn, 10.9.3, th bc ai ln nhat se bang
va toi thieu la ai so 4 oi vi vi khoang cach ai yeu cau.
cot thep doc so 11, so 14, so 18,
Ban Quy pham Xay dng ACI 1956 yeu
va cot thep doc c bo. Cho phep
cau"lc chong ngang tng ng vi
li si thep gai hoac li thep lc c cung cap bi mot goc 90 o cua
han co tiet dien tng ng e mot ai", oi vi tat ca cac thanh thep
lam ai. doc. Yeu cau ve ai a c m rong
trong nam 1963 bang cach tang goc
7.10.5.2- Khoang cach ng cua ai trong cho phep t 90 o len 135o va mien
khong c ln hn 16 lan ng yeu cau chong ay u cho cac
knh cua cot thep doc, 48 lan ng thanh c nh v cach nhau trong pham
knh cua thanh hoac si ai, hoac kch vi 6 in. theo hng canh ai (xem hnh
R7.10.5). Cac th nghiem c thc hien
thc nho nhat cua cau kien chu
theo kch thc that, at tai doc truc,
nen o. cot c bao ai co cha cac thanh
nguyen chieu dai (khong noi chong) cho
7.10.5.3- ai phai c bo tr sao cho thay khong co sai so ang ke gia
tat ca cac cot thep doc goc va cng o cc han cua cac cot co yeu
gia c chong ngang bi cau ai giang ay u va cot hoan
cac goc cua mot ai thep co goc toan khong ai.
trong khong ln hn 135 o va khong
co thanh nao cach xa hn 6 in. ke t Bi v cac thanh noi chong va cac thanh
trong bo khong c th nghiem theo th
thanh c chong ngang theo
nghiem cua Tai lieu Tham khao 7.10,
hng doc theo cua moi canh ai. Khi nen phai than trong cung cap mot
cot thep doc c bo tr xung quanh nhom ai tai moi au mut cua cac
chu vi cua mot hnh tron, cho phep thanh co noi chong, ben tren va ben
s dung mot ai thep tron hoan di moi noi chong chu lc au mut,
toan. va khoang cach gia ai toi thieu ngay
di v tr nghieng goc cua cac thanh
7.10.5.4- ai phai c bo tr nh ong khuyu.
au cach mat tren cua mong hoac
Moc ai tieu chuan ch d kien e
mat san trong moi tang khong qua dung cho thep gai ma thoi, va phai bo
mot na bc ai theo phng ng, tr xen ke neu co the c. Xem them
va phai c at cach nhau vi muc 7.9.
khoang cach quy nh nay cho en
khoang cach khong qua mot na R7.10.5.5- Vi ban quy pham nam 1983,
bc ai tnh en mat di cua cot quy pham nay co sa oi ve li van
thep ngang thap nhat cua san e neu ro ve viec cho phep ai co the
85
hoac ban au cot pha tren. c dng ch khi cac cau kien goi
vao tat ca 4 mat cua cac cot hnh
7.10.5.5- Khi dam hoac dam consol vuong hoac hnh ch nhat; va oi vi
cot hnh tron hoac hnh a giac khac, th
goi vao ca 4 pha cua mot cot, th
cac cau kien goi len cot o goi vao 4
ai cau tao co the ket thuc ben hng cua cot.
di cot thep thap nhat trong phan
mong nhat cua dam hoac dam
consol o khong qua 3 in.
7.11- Cot thep ngang dung cho R7.11- Cot thep ngang dung cho
cau kien chu uon cau kien chu uon
R7.11.1- Cot thep chu nen trong dam

7.11.1- Cot thep chu nen trong dam
hoac dam mai phai c bao quanh e
phai c bao quanh bang ai chu tranh nt ri; yeu cau tng t ve
lc hoac ai cau tao thoa man cac phan bao quanh c ban a c duy tr
gii han ve kch thc va khoang qua vai lan xuat ban cua Quy pham
cach trong muc 7.10.5 hoac bang nay, khong ke cac thay oi nho.
cac li thep han co cung tiet
dien. Cac ai cau tao hoac ai chu
lc o phai c bo tr suot toan
bo khoang cach o co yeu cau
ve cot thep chu nen.
7.11.2- Cot thep ngang cho cau kien

khung chu uon tuy theo s oi dau
ng suat hoac tuy theo s chu
xoan tai cac goi phai gom co
cac ai cau tao kn, hoac cac ai
chu lc kn hoac ai xoan keo dai
xung quanh phan cot thep chu uon.
7.11.3- Cac ai cau tao kn hoac ai

chu lc kn phai c tao thanh mot
chi tiet vi viec noi chong cac
moc ai tieu chuan 2 au mut
xung quanh mot thanh thep doc, hoac
c tao thanh 1 hoac 2 chi tiet c
noi chong bang moi noi chong loai
B (noi chong 1,3 ld) hoac c neo nh
muc 12.13.
7.12- Gia cng chong ng suat R7.12- Gia cng chong ng suat co
co ngot va ng suat nhiet ngot va ng suat nhiet
7.12.1- Cot thep dung cho cac ng

suat co ngot va ng suat nhiet
thng co trong cot thep chu uon
phai c cung cap trong cac san
ket cau trong o cot thep chu uon
ch keo dai theo mot hng.
7.12.1.1- Viec gia cng chong ng

suat co ngot va ng suat nhiet
phai c thc hien theo nh trong
muc 7.12.2 hoac 7.12.3.
7.12.2- Cot thep gai phu hp vi

muc 3.5.3 c s dung e gia cng
chong ng suat co ngot va ng
suat nhiet phai c cung cap theo
86
cac yeu cau sau ay :
7.12.2.1- Dien tch cua cot thep gia

cng chong ng suat co ngot va
ng suat nhiet phai tao c toi
thieu la cac ty le gia tiet dien
cot thep va tong tiet dien be
tong sau ay, nhng khong nho hn
0,0014:
(a) San, dung thep gai mac 40 hoac

50 .... 0,0020
(b) San, dung thep gai mac 60 hoac
li thep han (trn hoac
gai) ................ 0,0018
(c) San, dung cot thep co gii han
chay ln
hn 60.000 psi bien dang chay
0,35% ..........
(0,0018 60.000)/fy
7.12.2.2- Cot thep gia cng chong

ng suat co ngot va ng suat
nhiet phai c at cach nhau
khong qua 5 lan o day cua san,
hoac la 18 in.
7.12.2.3- Tai tat ca cac mat cat, khi

co yeu cau, th cot thep dung cho
cac ng suat co ngot va ng suat
nhiet phai phat trien c gii han
chay quy nh fy khi keo theo nh
Chng 12.
7.12.3- Cap tien ap phu hp vi R7.12.3- Cac yeu cau ve cot thep tien
muc 3.3.5 dung e gia cng chong ap a c la chon e bao am c
ng suat co ngot va ng suat mot lc tac dung hu hieu tren san
gan tng ng vi lc do gii han chay
nhiet phai c cung cap nh sau :
oi vi cot thep gia cng chong ng
suat co ngot va ng suat nhiet khong
7.12.3.1- Cap tien ap phai c tien ap. Tr so lc tien ap 100 psi tren
thiet ke e tao c mot ng lc tong tiet dien be tong, a c s
nen trung bnh nho nhat la 100 psi dung tot trong rat nhieu cong trnh. Khi
tren tong tiet dien be tong khi s khoang cach gia cac cap tien ap
dung ng lc trc hu hieu, sau khi dung e gia cng chong ng suat co
a ton that, theo nh muc 18.6. ngot va ng suat nhiet ln hn 54 in.,
yeu cau phai tang cng cot thep
c lien ket tai cac canh san tai o
7.12.3.2- Khoang cach gia cac
cac lc tien ap c tac dung e gia
cap tien ap khong c qua 6 ft. cng ay u cho tiet dien nam gia
canh san va iem co ng lc nen sau
7.12.3.3- Khi khoang cach gia cac cac neo co s phan bo u e san chu
cap tien ap cach nhau hn 54 in., th lc c ong eu khi chu nen. Viec
phai bo tr them cot thep gia cng ap dung cac ieu khoan cua muc 7.12.3
chong ng suat co ngot va ng oi vi dam va san uc tai cho tien
suat nhiet c lien ket vi be ap keo trc o mot lan c minh
tong phu hp vi muc 7.12.2 gia hoa trong hnh R7.12.3.
cac cap tien ap cac canh san
keo dai ra t canh san mot khoang Cap tien ap s dung cho viec gia cng
cach bang khoang cach gia cac chong ng suat co ngot va ng suat
cap tien ap. nhiet phai c nh v ng trong san
o cang gan vi gia san cang tot.
87
Trong trng hp cap chong ng suat co

ngot va ng suat nhiet c dung e
chong gi cap chnh, th cho phep bien
ong so vi ng trung tam cua san;
tuy nhien, vect hp lc cua cap chong
ng suat co ngot va ng suat nhiet
khong c nam ngoai dien tch loi cua
san o.
Ngi thiet ke phai anh gia cac anh

hng cua s co rut cua san e bao
am viec ng suat trc ung mc.
Trong hau het cac trng hp, viec ng
lc trc mc thap nh e ngh,
khong gay kho khan oi vi cac ket
cau c chi tiet hoa hp ly. Yeu cau
phai chu y ac biet khi cac anh
hng nhiet la ang ke.
7.13- Cac yeu cau ve tnh toan R7.13- Cac yeu cau ve tnh toan
ven cua ket cau ven cua ket cau
7.13.1- Khi chi tiet hoa cot thep va Kinh nghiem cho thay tnh toan ven cua
cac chi tiet noi, cac cau kien ket toan bo ket cau co the c tang
cau phai c buoc ai chat che cng tot thong qua cac thay oi nho
trong viec chi tiet hoa cot thep. Muc
vi nhau e tang tnh toan ven cua
ch cua phan nay la e tang tnh d
toan bo ket cau. phong va tnh linh hoat cua trong cac
ket cau e cho trong trng hp co h
hong tren mot cau kien chu lc chnh
hoac mot trng hp at tai bat
thng khac, th hau qua h hai co the
tap trung tren mot khu vc nho va ket
cau o se co nhieu kha nang duy tr
tnh on nh toan he thong hn.
7.13.2- oi vi ket cau uc tai R7.13.2- Neu co h hong tai mot tru
cho, th cac ieu khoan sau ay se chong, th cot thep mat tren c keo
thay the cac yeu cau toi thieu : lien tuc qua phan tru chong o ma
khong c bo buoc bi ai thep, se
co xu hng tach ra khoi be tong va
7.13.2.1- Trong ket cau dam chnh, se khong tao anh hng day chuyen
toi thieu phai keo lien tuc mot e ganh thay cho tru chong b h
thanh cot thep ay hoac c noi hong o. Bang cach tao s lien tuc cho
chong ngang qua tru o bang phan cot thep ay, th co the tao c
moi noi chong loai A va tai cac tru anh hng day chuyen.
au mut th phai c ket thuc
bang mot moc tieu chuan. Yeu cau lien tuc oi vi cot thep mat
va cot thep ay trong cac dam ngoai vi
va dam khung ca tao nen mot
7.13.2.2- Dam phan ngoai vi cua
vong ai lien tuc xung quanh ket cau.
mot ket cau phai bo tr lien tuc Khong nham muc ch yeu cau mot ai
xung quanh chu vi nay, t nhat la 1/6 chu keo lien tuc cua cot thep lien tuc
lng cot thep chu keo yeu cau vi kch thc khong oi, ch yeu cau
cho moment am tai tru o va n gian la lng cot thep mat chu
lng cot thep moment dng yeu uon c yeu cau keo dai qua iem
cau cho phan gia nhp, va c bao uon vong theo 12.12.3 c keo dai
bang ai chu lc kn. ai chu lc kn them na cho en moi noi chong
khong can phai keo dai qua bat ky gia nhp. Tng t, cot thep ay c
yeu cau keo dai vao trong tru o
mach noi nao. Co the thc hien
theo muc 12.11.1 phai c keo dai lien
c yeu cau nay bang cach bo tr tuc hoac c noi chong vi cot thep
cot thep mat noi chong gia ay ke t gia nhp ke can.
nhp va cot thep ay noi chong
tren hoac gan tru o bang cac
moi noi chong loai A.
88
7.13.2.3- oi vi cac cau kien

khong phai la dam ngoai vi khong
c bo tr ai chu lc kn, th phai
keo lien tuc toi thieu la cot
thep moment dng yeu cau cho
phan gia nhp hoac la phai c
noi chong qua tru o bang moi
noi chong chu keo loai A va ket
thuc tai cac tru au mut bang
moc tieu chuan.
7.13.2.4- oi vi san giao nhau theo

hai hng, xem muc 13.4.8.5.
7.13.3- oi vi ket cau be tong R7.13.3- Quy pham nay yeu cau phai
uc san, phai bo tr ai chu keo dung ai chu nen cho cong trnh be
theo cac hng ngang, doc va ng tong uc san tat ca cac o cao.
Cac chi tiet phai c lien ket e
va xung quanh chu vi cua ket cau
chong cac tai trong tac dung.
o e lien ket ai chac chan cac Khong cho phep cac chi tiet ve noi
cau kien vi nhau. ghep ch c can c vao ma sat gay
ra bi trong lc.
7.13.4. oi vi ket cau san
nghieng, xem muc 13.4.8.6 va 18.12.6. Cac chi tiet ve noi ghep phai c bo
tr sao cho giam thieu c kha nang
nt do s rao do ng lc, do s dch
chuyen do co ngot va do nhiet. Xem Tai
lieu tham khao 7.11 ve thong tin ve cac
yeu cau ve noi ghep va chi tiet hoa.
Tai lieu tham khao 7.12 e ngh cac

yeu cau ve ai toi thieu oi vi cong
trnh tng be tong uc san chu lc.
CHNG 12 - KEO DAI VA NOI COT THEP
QUI PHAM DIEN GIAI

12.0- Chu thch
a = chieu cao cua khoi ng Khai niem ve chieu dai khai

suat hnh ch nhat tng trien oi vi viec neo cot thep
ng nh a quy nh trong c gii thieu lan au trong
muc 10.2.7.1. bang Quy pham Xay dng ACI
1971, e thay the cho cac yeu
Ab = dien tch cua tng thanh
cau song song ve lien ket uon
thep, in2. va lien ket neo trong cac lan
As = dien tch cua cot thep chu xuat ban trc cua Quy pham
keo khong tien ap, in2. Xay dng ACI. Khong con can
Atr = tong dien tch tiet dien thiet phai xem khai niem lien
ngang cua cot thep ngang ket uon at chu trong ve viec
(ai chu lc hoac ai cau tnh toan cac ng suat lien ket
tao) trong pham vi mot cc tr danh nh. iem lu y ve
khoang cach s va vuong sc ben lien ket trung bnh tren
goc vi mat phang cua toan bo chieu dai khai trien cua
cot thep la co y ngha hn,
thanh ang c noi hoac
mot phan la v tat ca cac th
keo dai, in2. nghiem ve s lien ket eu xem
Av = dien tch cua cot thep chu xet en mot o ben lien ket
89
cat trong khoang cach s, trung bnh tren toan bo chieu

in2. dai khai trien cua cot thep, va
Aw = dien tch cua mot si c mot phan v cac bien ong cc
keo dai hoac c noi, in2. ai trong cac ng suat cuc bo
ton tai gan cac vet nt do uon.
bw = o rong cua li, hoac
ng knh cua mot mat Khai niem ve chieu dai khai
cat tron, in. trien c can c vao ng suat
d = khoang cach t th chu lien ket trung bnh thu c tren
nen bien en trong tam chieu dai khai trien cua cot
cua cot thep chu keo, in. thep. Yeu cau quy nh cac
db = ng knh danh ngha cua chieu dai khai trien, v cac thanh
thanh, si thep hoac cap thep co trang thai ng suat ln
tien ap, in. co xu hng tach tng oi cac
f'c = cng o nen quy nh phan mong be tong bao boc no.
Mot thanh n c at trong mot
cua be tong, psi.
khoi be tong khong can mot
f ' c= chieu dai khai trien ln; mac du
can bac hai cua cng o mot hang cac thanh thep, tham
nen quy nh cua be tong, ch la trong cung mot khoi be
psi. tong, cung co the tao nen mot
fct = cng o keo t trung mat phang giam yeu, tach doc
bnh quy nh cua be tong theo mat phang cua cac thanh
cot lieu nhe, psi. thep.
fps = ng suat trong cot thep
Trong thi cong, khai niem ve
tien ap cng o danh chieu dai khai trien yeu cau
nh, ksi. viec quy nh cac chieu dai
fse = ng suat hu hieu trong hoac cac oan keo dai toi
cot thep tien ap (sau khi thieu cua cot thep vt qua tat
a cho phep lam mat i ca cac iem ng lc cc tr
tat ca cac ng lc trc), trong cot thep. Cac ng lc cc
psi. tr nay thng xuat hien tai cac
fy = gii han chay quy nh cua v tr c quy nh trong muc
cot thep khong tien ap, 12.10.2.
psi.
He so giam ng lc khong
h = o day toan bo cua cau c s dung trong chng nay.
kien, in. Chieu dai khai trien c ban ldb a
la = o dai neo thep tang bao gom luon d so cho cng
them tai tru hoac tai o thap. Cac chieu dai yeu
cac v tr uon vong, in. cau la nh nhau oi vi phng
ld = chieu dai khai trien (chieu phap thiet ke cng o va
dai phat trien, chieu dai phng phap thiet ke thay the
keo dai), in. trong phu luc A, bi v ldb c can
c vao fy trong ca 2 phng phap.
= ldb cac he so ieu chnh.
ldb = chieu dai khai trien c ban,
in.
ldh = chieu dai khai trien cua
moc tieu chuan chu keo,
o t mat cat ti han en
au ngoai cua moc (o
dai thang gia mat cat
ti han va iem bat au
moc [iem tiep xuc] cong
vi ban knh cong va mot
lan ng knh thep), in.
= lh cac he so ieu chnh
90
thch hp.
lhb = chieu dai khai trien cua
moc tieu chuan chu keo,
in.
Mn = moment danh nh tai mat
cat, in.lb
= Asfy(d - a/2)
N = so lng thanh, trong mot
lp, c noi hoac c
keo dai tai mat cat ti
han.
s = bc cot ai, in.
Sw = khoang cach gia cac si
thep c keo dai hoac
c noi, in.
Vu = lc cat a nhan he so tai
mat cat.
b = ty so gia dien tch cot
thep cat ngang va tong
dien tch cua cot thep chu
keo tai mat cat.
12.1- Khai trien cot thep - R12.1- Khai trien cot thep -
Tong quat Tong quat
12.1.1- Lc keo hoac lc nen T mot iem ng lc cc tr

tnh toan trong cot thep tai moi trong cot thep, can thiet phai
mat cat cua cac cau kien be co mot oan cot thep hoac neo
tong cot thep phai c keo xuyen qua o e phat trien ng
suat. Chieu dai khai trien hoac
dai ve moi pha cua mat cat
neo nay la can thiet tren ca hai
o bang o dai khai trien, moc mat cua iem co ng suat cc
hoac c cau c hoc, hoac la tr. Thong thng, cot thep keo
bang ca cac loai noi dai nay. dai mot khoang ang ke ve
Moc ch co the c dung cho mot pha cua mot iem co ng
cac thanh keo dai chu keo. suat cc tr e cac phan tnh
toan ch tap trung ve pha ben
12.1.2- Gia tr cua f ' c uc kia, ngha la, cot thep chu
dung trong chng nay khong moment am c keo lien tuc qua
goi en gia nhp ben canh.
c qua 100 psi.
12.2- Keo dai thanh va si R12.2- Keo dai thanh va si

thep gai chu keo thep gai chu keo
12.2.1- Chieu dai khai trien ld tnh Trong quy pham Xay dng ACI 1989,
theo inch, oi vi thanh va si cac chieu dai khai trien cua
thep gai chu keo phai c tnh thanh va si thep gai chu keo
bang tch so gia chieu dai khai a c sa oi nhieu theo cac
e ngh cua ACI 408- Lien Ket
trien c ban ldb cua muc 12.2.2
va Keo dai Cot thep. Cac sa
vi he so ieu chnh thch hp oi nay tang chieu dai khai
cua cac muc t 12.2.3 en trien cho cac thanh thep at gan
12.2.5, nhng ld khong c nho nhau va cac thanh thep co lp
hn 12 in. bao ve toi tieu. Hoi ong ACI
318 a xem xet cac ket qua
nghien cu va cac hng dan
o va a co cac ieu khoan
91
trien khai phan anh cac thong

so co y ngha t cac d lieu
th nghiem va t cac kinh
nghiem. Co nhieu ieu kien
trong ket cau co yeu cau phai
keo dai hoac noi cot thep. Cac
ieu khoan trong muc 12.2, bao
ham tat ca cac to hp cac
thong so co the co, co the a
en cac gia tr chieu dai khai
trien an toan hn trong mot so
trng hp. e biet them nhieu
thong tin ve anh hng cua
cac thong so khac nhau, co the
xem xet lai trong ACI 408.
Cac ieu khoan ve viec keo

dai cot thep chu keo trong cac
quy pham trc ay trong o
chieu dai khai trien c tnh theo
mot ham cua kch thc thanh,
gii han chay, va cng o
nen cua be tong. Chieu dai
khai trien c ieu chnh e
phan anh anh hng cua lp
be tong bao ve, bc thep,
cot thep ngang, v tr o be
tong (anh hng cua cac thanh
tren cung), loai cot lieu, va lp
phu epoxy. Hnh R12.2 la mot lu
o cho thay cac he so c xem
xet khi tnh toan chieu dai khai
trien.
12.2.2- Chieu dai khai trien c R12.2.2- Cac bieu thc cua
ban ldb phai la: chieu dai khai trien can thiet
phai giong nh cac thuat ng
So 11 va nho hn va thep gai a dung trong cac an ban quy
pham trc ay. Chieu dai khai
si ................
trien oi vi thanh so 18 a
..... 0,04 Ab f y / f 'c * c tang len sau khi xem xet
cac ket qua th nghiem san co
Thanh so 14 ....................... tren cac thanh ln. a bo sung
them mot gii han ve tr so
0,085 f y / f ' c cng o be tong c dung
Thanh so 18 ...................... trong cac bieu thc cua chieu
0,125 f y / f ' c dai khai trien c ban. Gii han
f ' c khong c qua 100 psi
* Hang so nay co n v la 1/in. ngha la khong giam cac chieu
Hang so nay co n v la in. dai khai trien oi vi be tong

co cng o ln hn 10000 psi.
Cac nghien cu ve keo dai cot
thep trong be tong cng o cao
la khong u bao am giam
chieu dai khai trien xuong thap
hn gii han a cho.
12.2.3- e tnh toan khoang R12.2.3- Phan nay c them

cach gia cac thanh, o day vao trong bang quy pham nam
1989 va thiet lap cac ieu
92
lp bao ve va phan cot thep khoan can c vao khoang cach

ngang bao boc, th chieu dai khai thanh, o day lp bao ve, va
trien phai c nhan vi mot cot thep ngang.
he so trong cac muc t 12.2.3.1,
Cac ket qua nghien cu chng
12.2.3.2, hoac 12.2.3.3, cac he
minh c rang khi lp bao ve
so nay co the hieu chnh bi hoac khoang cach gia cac
cac muc 12.2.3.4 va/hoac thanh thep mc cho phep nho
12.2.3.5, nhng khong c nho nhat cua quy pham, th co the
hn theo nh muc 12.2.3.6. xay ra hien tng ran nt be
tong. Cac thanh thep (trong cung
12.2.3.1- oi vi thanh at mot mot lp) ang c keo dai c
trong cac ieu kien sau at sat nhau, th be tong co xu
ay ........................................ 1,0 hng nt doc theo lp thanh nh
c neu trong hnh R12.2.3 (a). Khi
cac thanh thep gan vi be mat,
(a) Cot thep trong dam hoac cot
th cac vet nt t thanh thep
vi (1) lp bao ve toi thieu xuyen qua lp bao ve nh trong
khong mong hn quy nh trong hnh R12.2.3(b). Trong ca hai trng
muc 7.7.1, va (2) cot thep ngang hp, s truyen lc t thanh thep
at cac yeu cau cua muc 7.10.5 en be tong c giam xuong
hoac cac yeu cau toi thieu ve va chieu dai neo thep can thiet
ai chu lc cua muc 11.5.4 va phai keo dai e lam tang
11.5.5.3 doc theo chieu dai khai cng o trong cac thanh thep.
trien, va (3) khoang cach thong oi vi cac thanh co lp bao
ve khong ln hn 2 lan ng
thuy cua cot thep khong nho
knh thanh, th chieu dai khai trien
hn 3 db. phai c nhan oi len theo quy
nh trong muc 12.2.3.2.
(b) Cot thep trong dam hoac cot
vi (1) lp bao ve toi thieu Cac tieu muc t 12.2.3.1(a) en
khong mong hn quy nh trong 12.2.3.1(d) cho phep s dung he
muc 7.7.1, va (2) c bao quanh so 1.0 neu cac thanh ang c
bi cot thep ngang Atr, doc theo keo dai thoa man cac ieu
chieu dai khai trien cua cot kien cu the a c chng minh
thep thoa man phng trnh (12- qua cac th nghiem la tao u
kha nang loai tr cac vet nt
1):
nham loai bo s can thiet phai
gia tang chieu dai khai trien.
d b sN
Atr (12-1)
40
trong o db la ng knh cua

thanh c keo dai.
(c) Thanh trong cac lp trong cua

cot thep san hoac tng va
vi khoang cach thong thuy
khong nho hn 3db .
(d) Bat ky thanh nao vi lp be

tong bao ve khong mong hn 2
db va vi khoang cach thong
thuy khong ngan hn 3 db .
12.2.3.2- oi vi thanh thep co Tieu muc 12.2.3.1(a) va 12.2.3.1(b)

lp bao ve monh hn hoac ap dung cho cac thanh thep trong
bang db hoac vi khoang cach dam hoac cot khi lp bao ve
93
thong thuy ngan hn hoac bang mong hn mc quy nh oi vi

2db ......... 2.0 be tong uc tai cho c tang
them bi cot thep ngang loai tr
c hien tng nt, nh c
neu trong hnh R12.2.3.1(a) va
R12.2.3.1(b).
oi vi trng hp (a), cac thanh

ang c keo dai co (1) ai chu
lc va ai cau tao co ng knh
quy nh nho nhat, co khoang
cach thanh ln nhat va (2)
khoang cach thong thuy khong
nho hn 3 lan ng knh thanh;
ngha la, khoang cach gia tam
cua cot thep khong nho hn 4
lan ng knh thanh.
Trng hp (b) khong yeu cau

ve khoang cach thong thuy; tuy
nhien, muc 7.6 yeu cau khoang
cach thong thuy gia cac thanh
song song trong mot lp khong
c nho hn mot lan ng
knh thanh hoac 1 in. Nhng trng
hp (b) yeu cau cot thep ngang
co tiet dien Atr. Cot thep ngang
Atr nay c cung cap e chong
lai hien tng ran nt trong mat
phang cot thep. V du, trong hnh
R12.2.3.1(b), cac cot thep ngang
cat ngang mat phang co kha
nang nt cua mot dam rong
vi mot so thanh ang c keo
dai. Cot thep ngang c cung
cap e chong lc cat hoac e
bao gi cot thep co the dung
cho Atr.
oi vi cac thanh c at gan

nhau, co the s dung he so 1.0
neu cot thep ngang thoa man
muc 12.2.3.1(b) c cung cap e
chong lai hien tng nt trong
mat phang cua lp cot thep
[Hnh R12.2.3.1(b)]. Cot thep ngang
toi thieu la bang A tr la hieu
qua nhat neu c phan bo
ngang qua mat phang cot thep.
Cot thep ngang c cung cap
e chu lc cat hoac e bao boc
cot thep co the dung cho A tr.
Trng hp (c) va (d), tng t nh

trng hp (a), yeu cau cac
thanh ang c keo dai co
khoang cach thong thuy khong
ngan hn 3 lan ng knh thanh.
Trng hp (c), cac thanh trong
lp trong cua cot thep san
94
hoac tng khi trong mot lp cot

thep ngang cua cac thanh ang
c keo dai va be mat be
tong, c minh hoa trong hnh
R12.2.3.1(c). Trng hp (d), bat
ky thanh nao co lp bao ve toi
thieu bang 2 lan ng knh
thanh, c minh hoa trong hnh
R12.2.3.1(d).
12.2.3.3- oi vi thanh khong Phan nay ap dung cho thanh co

bao ham trong muc 12.2.3.1 hoac khoang cach, lp bao ve, hoac
12.2.3.2 ........................ 1.4 cot thep ngang nho hn mc
yeu cau cho he so 1.0 trong muc
12.2.3, nhng khoang cach hoac
lp phu hn hn mc quy nh
oi vi he so 2.0 trong muc
12.2.3.2.
Neu he so cua muc 12.2.3.2 va

12.2.3.3 a ra c chieu dai khai
trien gay kho khan trong thi
cong, th co mot so phng
phap la chon danh cho ngi
thiet ke. Lp bao ve hoac
khoang cach thanh co the c
tang en mc cho phep e s
dung mot he so thap hn hoac
co the tang cng cot thep
ngang e thoa man cac yeu
cau cua muc 12.2.3.1(a) hoac (b).
12.2.3.4- oi vi thanh so 11 va R12.2.3.4- oi vi cac thanh at

nho hn vi khoang cach thong xa nhau, he so 0,8 cac quy
thuy khong di 5 db va vi pham trc van c dung. Viec
lp bao ve t mat cau kien giam theo he so nay la cho
phep oi vi cac thanh at u
en canh thanh thep, o theo mat
mc xa nhau e loai tr hien
phang cua thanh, la khong nho tng nt cua be tong qua mat
hn 2,5 db , th cac he so trong phang thanh. Quy nh khoang
muc 12.2.3.1 va 12.2.3.3 co the cach thong thuy 6 in. trong cac
nhan them 0.8. quy pham trc la khong thch
hp cho cac thanh at qua cach
xa nhau va a c sa oi
thanh mot tch so nhan vi
ng knh thanh. Ch tieu
khoang cach thanh va o dai
canh toi thieu trong muc 12.2.3.4
c minh hoa trong hnh R12.2.3.4.
Mot trng hp tieu bieu c
minh hoa la trng hp xen ke
cac thanh dai va ngan trong
cung mot lp. Khi ap dung muc
12.2.3.4, th khoang cach thanh y
co the c lay giong nh oi
vi thanh x, bi v thanh y c
keo dai trong oan BC trong khi
thanh x a c keo dai trc
trong oan AB.
95
12.2.3.5- oi vi cot thep c R12.2.3.5- He so 0,75 oi vi

bao quanh bi ai xoan ng cac thanh c bao trong ai xoan
knh khong nho hn in. va a c ap dung cho cac thanh
bc ai khong ln hn 4 in. ke c bao trong ai cau tao at
sat nhau hoac ai chu lc kn vi
t tam, hoac bi ai chu lc
cung ty le. He so 0,75 cua muc
hoac ai cau tao so 4 hoac ln 12.2.3.5 ap dung cho cac thanh
hn at cach nhau khong qua 4 c bao trong mot ai xoan dang
in. ke t tam va c bo tr cot hoac cho cac n v ai xoan
cac thanh xen ke nhau c nang xung quanh moi thanh hoac mot
gi bi goc ai hoac vanh ai nhom thanh.
co goc trong khong qua 135o, th
cac he so trong cac muc t
12.2.3.1 en 12.2.3.3 co the c
nhan vi 0,75.
12.2.3.6- Chieu dai khai trien c R12.2.3.6- Gii han ve chieu dai
ban nhan vi he so tng ng khai trien c hieu chnh
trong cac muc t 12.2.3.1 en thng ch khong che oi vi
muc 12.2.3.3 vi cac he so eu cac thanh loai nho, so 6 hoac
nho hn. Gii han nay can c
chnh trong muc 12.2.3.4 va/hoac
vao cac ket qua th nghiem a
12.2.3.5 khong c nho hn chng minh c kha nang loai
0,03 d b f y f 'c tr hien tng nt tach cua be
tong, nhng van con kha nang
12.2.4- Chieu dai khai trien c b bung ra. Muc 12.2.3.6 a ra
ban ldb nh c ieu chnh trong chieu dai toi thieu yeu cau e
bao am thanh thep chu c
muc 12.2.3 phai c nhan them
s bung ra.
he so oi vi :
12.2.4.1- Cot thep nh R12.2.4.1- He so ieu chnh oi

vi "cac cot thep nh" tnh theo
Cot thep nam ngang c lap v tr cua thanh thep trong be
at sao cho co the o c day tong ti. He so nay a c
giam t 1.4 trong cac ban quy
hn 12 in. be tong ti trong cau
pham trc ay xuong con 1.3
kien ben di chieu dai khai e phan anh cac ket qua
trien hoac moi noi nghien cu gan ay.
o ....................................................
.1.3
12.2.4.2- Be tong cot lieu R12.2.4.2- He so nay oi vi

nhe ........... 1.3 be tong cot lieu nhe a c
Hoac khi fct c quy nh ......... ap dung giong nhau cho tat ca
cac loai cot lieu. Cac nghien
6,7 f ' c / f ct cu tren neo thep co uon moc
nhng khong nho hn 1.0. khong phan nh c cac trang
thai phan biet "cot lieu hoan
toan nhe va cot lieu cat nhe
trong cac ban quy pham trc, v
vay ch quy nh mot he so n
la 1.3. Muc 12.2.4.2 cho phep
dung mot he so thap hn khi
cng o keo tach cua be
tong cot lieu nhe c quy nh.
Xem muc 5.1.4.
12.2.4.3- Cot thep phu epoxy R12.2.4.3- Cac nghien cu ve

neo thep phu epoxy chng minh
96
Cot thep co lp bao ve nho rang cng o lien ket b giam

hn 3db hoac khoang cach thong xuong, bi v lp phu ngan can
thuy nho hn 6db ........ 1.5 s ket dnh gia cot thep va be
Tat ca cac ieu kien tong. Hai he so nay phan anh
cac dang khong at yeu cau
khac .......................... 1.2
cua moc thng xay ra. Neu
Tch so gia he so oi vi cot lp bao ve hoac khoang cach
thep nh trong muc 12.2.4.1 va thanh nho, vet nt tach co the
he so oi vi cot thep phu xay ra va nh vay kha nang neo
epoxy trong muc nay khong can gi hoac cng o lien ket b
thiet phai ln hn 1.7. giam xuong. Neu lp bao ve
hoac khoang cach gi cac thanh
la ln, th loai tr c hien
tng nt tach va anh hng
cua lp phu epoxy en cng
o neo gi la khong ln lam.
Cac nghien cu a chng minh
c rang mac du lp bao ve
hoac khoang cach thanh co the
nho, nhng co the tang cng
o neo gi bang cac tang
cng cot thep ngang qua mat
phang nt, va chong lai vet
nt tach. Mac du cha co cac
bao cao nghien cu ve anh
hng cua cot thep ngang phu
epoxy, nhng kha nang la cot
thep ngang tang cng se cai
thien cng o neo gi cua cot
thep phu epoxy. Bi v kha nang
lien ket cua cot thep phu epoxy
a b giam do ket dnh kem gia
cot thep va be tong, nen gii
han tren 1.7 oi vi tch so gia
he so cot thep mat va cot
thep phu epoxy a c thiet
lap.
12.2.5- Cot thep d
Chieu dai khai trien co the c R12.2.5- He so giam nay c

giam bt khi cot thep trong mot can c vao dien tch, th khong
cau kien chu uon nhieu hn c s dung trong cac trng
lng yeu cau theo ket qua hp o khi ma co yeu cau phat
trien kha nang neo gi en
phan tch ket cau, ngoai tr oi
nguyen gia tr fy. V du, he so
vi neo hoac chieu dai khai cho cot thep d khong ap dung
trien oi vi fy c yeu cau cho viec keo dai cot thep
ac biet hoac oi vi cot thep moment dng cac tru theo nh
c thiet ke theo cac ieu muc 12.11.12, cho viec keo dai
khoan cua muc 21.2.1.4....(A s yeu cot thep gia cng chong co
cau)/(As cung cap) ngot va chong nt nhiet theo
nh muc 7.12.2.3, hoac viec keo
dai cot thep theo nh muc 7.13
va 13.4.8.5. ong thi phai lu y
la viec s dung t "co the" co
ngha la muc nay la muc tuy
chon.
12.3- Keo dai cot thep gai R12.3- Keo dai cot thep gai
97
chu nen chu nen
12.3.1- Chieu dai khai trien ld, Anh hng giam yeu cua cac
tnh theo inch, oi vi cot thep vet nt chu keo uon khong
gai chu nen phai c tnh bang xuat hien trong cac thanh chu
tch so cua chieu dai khai trien nen va thng thng la viec
bo tr cac au mut chu lc cua
c ban ldb cua muc 12.3.2 va cac
cac thanh cot thep trong be tong
he so ieu chnh tng ng la hu hieu. V vay, cac chieu
cua muc 12.3.3, nhng ld khong dai khai trien c ban ldb a c
c nho hn 8 in. quy nh trong chu keo la ngan
hn trong chu nen. Chieu dai khai
12.3.2- Chieu dai khai trien c trien c ban co the c giam
ban 25%, muc 12.3.3.2, khi cot thep
ldb phai la ............................ c bao quanh bi cot loai cot
ai xoan hoac tng ai xoan
0,02d b f y / f ' c
rieng biet xung quanh moi thanh
nhng khong nho hoac nhom thanh.
hn ...................0,0003 dbfy
12.3.3- Chieu dai khai trien c

ban ldb co the c nhan vi
cac he so tng ng oi vi :
Hang so nay co n v la
in2/lb.
12.3.3.1- Cot thep d

Cot thep d so vi yeu cau qua
phan
tch ket cau .......... (As yeu cau)/
(As cung cap)
12.3.3.2- ai xoan va ai cau

tao
Cot thep c bao quanh bi
ai xoan ng knh thep
khong nho hn in. va bc
thep khong ln hn 4 in.
hoac bi ai cau tao so 4
theo phu hp vi muc 7.10.5
va at cach nhau khong qua
4 in.
ke t
tam ..................................................
0,75
12.4- Keo dai cot thep bo R12.4- Keo dai cot thep bo
12.4.1- Chieu dai khai trien cua R12.4.1- Yeu cau phai tang
tng thanh trong mot bo, chu chieu dai khai tren oi vi tng
keo hoac chu nen, phai bang thanh len khi bo 3 hoac 4 thanh
chieu dai khai trien cua tng lai vi nhau. oan keo dai la
can thiet bi v bo thep gay
thanh n cong them 20% oi
kho khan hn cho viec tap trung
vi bo 3 thanh, va 33% oi vi sc ben lien ket t "loi" gia
bo 4 thanh. cac thanh.
98
Ngi thiet ke ong thi phai

lu y muc 7.6.6.4 ve cac iem
cat cua tng thanh trong mot bo
va muc 12.14.2.2 ve cac moi
noi trong cac bo thanh. Viec
tang chieu dai khai trien trong
muc 12.4 c ap dung khi tnh
chieu dai noi chong cua cot
thep bo phu hp vi muc
12.14.2.2.
12.4.2- e xac nh cac he so R12.4.2- Mac du chieu dai noi

thch hp trong muc 12.2.3 va chong va chieu dai khai trien
12.2.4.3, th mot nhom thanh trong cua thanh trong bo c can c
bo phai c xem nh la mot vao tng thanh rieng le cong
them 20% hoac 30% tng ng,
thanh vi ng knh c tnh t
nhng can thiet phai s dung
tong tiet dien tng ng. ng knh tng ng cua cac
thanh khi xac nh cac he so
trong muc 12.2.3 va 12.2.4.3 trong
o co xem xet en lp bao ve
va khoang cach thong thuy, va
trnh bay xu hng nt tach cua
be tong.
12.5- Keo dai cac moc tieu R12.5- Keo dai cac moc tieu
chuan chu keo chuan chu keo
12.5.1- Chieu dai khai trien ldh Cac ieu khoan ve neo gi cac
tnh theo inch, oi vi thep gai thanh co moc a c sa oi
chu keo c ket thuc bang nhieu trong ban quy pham 1983.
moc tieu chuan (muc 7.1) phai Cac nghien cu ve sai sot cua
thep co moc cho thay rang
c tnh theo tch so gia chieu
hien tng nt tach cua lp be
dai khai trien lhb cua muc 12.5.2 tong bao ve trong mat phang
va cac he so ieu chnh thch moc la nguyen nhan chnh cua
hp cua muc 12.5.3, nhng ldh cac h hong va cua hien tng
khong c nho hn 8 db hoac 6 nt tach phat xuat tai mat trong
in. cua moc khi ng suat cuc bo
tap trung rat cao. Do o, o dai
12.5.2- Chieu dai khai trien c cua moc la mot ham tuyen tnh
ban lhb cua mot thanh uon moc cua ng knh thanh d b, la yeu
co fy bang 60.000 psi phai to khong che o ln cua ng
suat nen ben trong moc. Ch
la ..........................................
cac moc tieu chuan (muc 7.1)
1200d b / f 'c * c xem xet en va anh hng
cua ban knh uon cong ln
*- Hang so nay co n v la khong the anh gia c thong
lb/in2. qua muc 12.5.
Cac ieu khoan ve neo thanh co

moc a ra c tong chieu dai
ban lhb phai c nhan vi cac khai trien cua thanh co moc nh
he so oi vi : trong hnh R12.5.1. Chieu dai khai
trien ldh c o t mat cat ti
12.5.3.1- Gii han chay cua han en au mut ngoai (hoac
thep canh) cua moc o.
Thanh co fy khac 60.000 psi ...........
99
fy /60.000
12.5.3.2- Lp be tong bao

ve
oi vi thanh so 11 va nho
hn, lp bao ve mat ben
(phap tuyen vi mat phang
thanh) khong nho hn 2 in.,
va oi vi moc 90o, lp bao
ve tren oan thanh phan keo
dai pha ngoai moc khong
nho
hn 2
in. ......................................................
0.7
12.5.3.2- ai cau tao va ai

chu lc
oi vi thanh so 11 va nho
hn, moc c bao boc ng
hoac ngang bi ai cau tao
hoac ai chu lc-cau tao
c at cach nhau doc theo
toan bo chieu dai khai trien
ldh khong ln hn 3 db, trong
o
db la ng knh cua thanh co
moc ........... 0.8
12.5.3.4- Cot thep d

Khi moc hoac chieu dai khai
trien dung cho fy khong c
yeu cau cu the, th cot thep
d so vi lng yeu cau qua
phan
tch ket cau la ...... (As yeu cau)/
(As cung cap)
12.5.3.5 - Be tong cot lieu Chieu dai khai trien ldh cua be
nhe .......... 1.3 tong cot lieu nhe, la tch so
cua chieu dai khai trien c ban
lhb cua muc 12.5.2 va he so ieu
chnh tng ng cua muc 12.5.3.
Neu lp bao ve mat ben la
ln e co the loai bo c
hien tng nt tach, va co ai
cau tao, co the ap dung ca hai
he so cua muc 12.5.3.2 va
12.5.3.3 : (ldh = lhb 0,7 0.8). Trong
trng hp tng t, neu la neo
trong be tong cot lieu nhe th (ldh
= lhb 0,7 0,8 1,3).
12.5.3.6 - Cot thep c phu Cac he so ieu chnh c a

Epoxy ra oi vi gii han chay, cot
thep d, be tong cot lieu nhe,
100
Cot thep c uon moc co lp va cac he so phan anh sc

phu epoxy ben chong nt tach c tao
............ 1.2 thanh bi viec bao quanh cot
thep bang be tong va ai cau
tao hoac ai chu lc ngang. Cac
he so nay c can c vao
hng dan cua cac Tai lieu
Tham khao 12.2 va 12.3.
He so oi vi cot thep d ch
ap dung khi khong co yeu cau
ac biet ve neo hoac khai trien
cho toan bo fy . He so oi vi
cot lieu nhe la he so n gian
hoa cho phng phap trong muc
12.2.3.3 trong ACI 318-83 trong o
mc tang dao ong t 18-33%,
tuy thuoc vao lng cot lieu
nhe c dung. Khong nh viec
keo dai cot thep thang, khong
co s phan biet gia cot thep
nh va cac cot thep khac; s
phan biet nay la kho khan oi
vi cac thanh co moc trong bat
ky trng hp nao. Mot tr so
toi thieu ldh c quy nh e
tranh hien tng b bung ra trc
tiep trong nhng trng hp ma
moc co the c at gan mat
cat ti han. Moc khong c
xem la co tac dung khi chu nen.
Cac th nghiem gan ay cho

thay rang chieu dai khai trien
oi vi thanh co moc phai c
tang 20% e tnh en s giam
lien ket khi cot thep c phu
epoxy.
12.5.4- oi vi cac thanh c R12.5.4- Moc cua cot thep ac

keo dai bang mot moc tieu biet de gay nt tach be tong
chuan tai cac au noi khong neu lp be tong bao ve cua
lien tuc cua cau kien vi ca 2 ca 2 mat ben (phap tuyen vi
mat phang moc) va mat nh
lp be tong bao ve mat ben
hoac ay (mat phang cua moc)
va nh (hoac ay) boc ngoai eu mong. Xem hnh R12.5.4. Vi
moc mong hn 2 in., cac thanh lng bao boc toi thieu cua be
co moc phai c bao quanh bi tong, th viec bao boc bang cot
ai cau tao, hoac ai chu lc ai la can thiet, ac biet la
c at cach nhau doc theo cng o toan phan cua thanh
toan bo chieu dai khai trien ldh phai c keo dai lien tuc bang
khong ln hn 3db trong o db la nhng thanh co moc co lp
ng knh cua thanh co moc. bao ve mong nh the. Cac
oi vi trng hp nay, khong trng hp ac biet ma cac
moc co the yeu cau ai cau
phai ap dung he so cua muc
tao hoac ai chu lc e bao boc
12.5.3.3. nam cac au cuoi cua cac
dam chu lc n, nam au t
do cua dam consol, va nam
au cuoi cua cac cau kien goi
101
vao mot mach noi ma tai o

cau kien khong keo dai ngang
qua moi noi. Ngc lai, neu ng
suat tnh toan cua cot thep
thap en noi moc cua thanh
thep o khong can neo, th ai
cau tao hoac ai chu lc la
khong can thiet. ong thi, oi
vi cac thanh co moc nam
cac au khong lien tuc cua san
vi lp bao boc c cung cap
bi san lien tuc tren hai mat
phap tuyen vi mat phang
thanh, th cac ieu khoan cua
muc 12.5.4 khong c ap dung.
12.5.5- Moc khong c coi la R12.5.5- Trong cau kien chu nen,
co tac dung khi keo dai cac moc khong co tac dung va
thanh chu nen. khong s dung e neo gi.
12.6- Neo c hoc R12.6- Neo c hoc
12.6.1- Bat ky c cau c hoc R12.6.1- Neo c hoc co the c

nao co kha nang phat trien phat trien c ay u cng
cng o cot thep ma khong o cho ca cap tien ap va cot
gay hai en be tong eu c thep thanh.
cho phep e neo.
12.6.2- Cac ket qua th nghiem

chng minh s chnh xac cua
cac c cau c hoc phai c trnh
bay vi Chuyen vien Xay dng.
12.6.3- Viec keo dai cot thep R12.6.3- Tong chieu dai khai
co the bao gom mot to hp neo trien cua mot thanh, n gian
c hoc cong them cac chieu dai ch la, tong cua tat ca cac
khai trien cua cot thep nam phan co tac dung neo gi. Khi
neo c hoc khong co kha nang
gia iem co ng suat thanh
phat trien cng o thiet ke
cc ai va phan neo c hoc o. yeu cau, th phai bo sung them
cac chieu dai khai trien cua cot
thep gia phan neo c hoc o
va phan mat cat ti han.
12.7- Keo dai li thep gan R12.7- Keo dai li thep gan
han chu keo han chu keo
12.7.1- Chieu dai khai trien ld , Hnh R12.7 trnh bay cac yeu cau
tnh theo inch, cua li thep gan khai trien oi vi li han thep
han c o t iem co ng gan co mot thanh ngang trong
suat cc ai en cuoi si thep chieu dai khai trien. Trong quy
trnh ky thuat ve li han thep
phai c tnh bang tch so gia
gan ASTM A 497, th cac moi han
chieu dai khai trien c ban ldb khong yeu cau phai ay u
cua muc 12.7.2 hoac 12.7.3 vi cng o nh li thep trn
cac he so thch hp t muc (ASTM A185). Do o, cho nen mot
12.2.3 en muc 12.2.5; nhng ld so phan cua chieu dai khai
khong c nho hn 8 in. tr phi trien c tnh tren cac moi han
102
tnh toan cho moi noi chong theo va mot so c tnh tren phan
muc 12.18 va khi keo dai cot si thep. Cac phan tnh toan khai
thep li theo muc 12.13. trien a c n gian hoa t
cac ieu khoan ve viec keo
dai cot thep si phan trc
vi gia nh la ch co mot si
ngang i qua chieu dai khai trien.
Cac he so trong muc 12.2.3,
12.2.4, va 12.2.5 ve viec ieu
chnh chieu dai khai trien c ban
ldb phai c ap dung nhng vi
moi gii han toi thieu tuyet oi
la 8 in.
ban ldb cua li han thep gan,
vi t nhat mot si thep ngang
nam trong chieu dai khai trien
khong ngan hn 2 in. ke t mat
cat ti han, phai la :
0,03d b ( f y 20.000) / f 'c *
nhng khong ngan hn :
Aw fy
0,20
sw f 'c
* Hang so 20.000 co n v la
psi.

ban ldb cua li han thep gan,
khong co si ngang trong oan
khai trien phai c xac nh nh
oi vi si thep gai.
12.8- Keo dai li thep trn R12.8- Keo dai li thep trn
han chu keo han chu keo
Gii han chay cua li han Hnh R12.8 trnh bay cac yeu cau
thep trn phai c xem la c ve chieu dai khai trien oi vi
keo dai bang cach at san hai li thep trn vi chieu dai khai
si thep ngang khong nho hn 2 trien chu yeu phu thuoc vao v
tr cua si thep ngang cua li.
in. ke t v tr mat cat ti han.
oi vi li c lam bang cac
Tuy nhien, chieu dai khai trien ldb thanh kch thc nho, th mot
c o t v tr mat cat ti han chieu dai khai trien toi thieu
en si ngoai cung khong c ngang qua 2 si thep ngang dai 2
ngan hn in. hoac hn la u e phat trien
toan bo gii han chay cua cac
Aw fy si c neo. Tuy nhien, oi vi
0,27 cac si c han bang cac thanh
sw f 'c c at cach nhau gan hn, th
Chieu dai khai trien c ban phai yeu cau mot chieu dai khai
c ieu chnh bang he so (As trien dai hn va a a ra c
yeu cau)/(As cungcap) oi vi mot chieu dai khai trien toi
lng cot thep vt qua yeu thieu oi vi cac loai li nay.
cau theo phan tch thiet ke va
bang he so cua muc 12.2.4.2
oi vi be tong cot lieu nhe,
103
nhng ld khong c ngan hn 6

in. ngoai tr phan tnh toan cho
moi noi chong cua muc 12.19.
12.9- Keo dai cot thep tien R12.9- Keo dai cot thep tien
ap ap
12.9.1- Cap tien ap keo trc 3 Cac yeu cau keo dai oi vi
hoac 7 si phai c lien ket cap tien ap tien ap c d
keo dai qua mat cat ti han kien nham e tao c tnh lien
e hnh thanh chieu dai khai tuc ve lien ket cho cng o
cua ket cau. Cac ieu khoan
trien, tnh theo inch, khong nho
nay c can c vao cac th
hn nghiem c thc hien tren be
2 tong trong lng thng vi lp
f ps f se d b
3 bao ve toi thieu day 2 in. Cac
trong o db la ng knh tao day th nghiem nay co the khong
ai dien c cho vai tro cua
tnh theo inch, va fps va fse c
cap tien ap co ty le nc/xi
tnh theo kips/in2. mang thap, khong co o sut
cua be tong. Cac phng phap

Bieu thc trong dau ngoac c gia cong phai bao am gia co
dung nh mot hang so phi n c be tong xung quanh cap
v. tien ap va co s tiep xuc
hoan toan gia cot thep va be
tong. Phai thc hien them cac
bien phap e phong, khi s
dung ty le nc/xi mang nho,
khong co o sut cua be tong.
Noi chung, phan nay se ch
kiem soat oi vi viec thiet ke
dam consol va cac cau kien co
nhp ngan.
Bieu thc tnh chieu dai khai

trien ld co the c viet lai nh
sau :
f se
ld d ( f ps f se )d b
3 b
trong o ld va db tnh theo inch, va
fps va fse tnh theo kips/in 2. Ve th
nhat ai dien cho chieu dai
truyen tai cua cap tien ap,
ngha la khoang cach ma o
cap tien ap phai c lien ket
vi be tong e phat trien ng
lc trc fse trong cap tien ap
o. Ve th hai ai dien cho
chieu dai phu ma tren chieu
dai o cap tien ap phai c
lien ket e co the phat trien
c ng suat fse trong cap tien
ap cng o danh nh cua
cau kien o.
Bien ong cua ng suat cua

cap tien ap doc theo chieu dai
khai trien cua cap tien ap c
trnh bay trong hnh R12.9.
104
Bieu thc tnh chieu dai truyen

tai, va chieu dai dnh ket phu
can thiet e phat trien mot
lng tang cua ng lc (fps - fse)
c can c vao cac th nghiem
tren cac cau kien c ng lc
trc dung cap khong co vet
g, co ng knh , 3/8, va
va vi gia tr fps ln nhat la
275 kips/in 2. Xem Tai lieu tham
khao 12.11, 12.12, va 12.13.
Chieu dai truyen tai cua cap

tien ap la mot ham cua tiet
dien chu vi bao quanh va ieu
kien be mat cua cot thep, ng
lc trong cot thep, va phng
phap c dung e truyen lc
cua cot thep vao be tong. Cap
tien ap vi vi be mat co lp
g mong co the co chieu dai
truyen lc ngan hn so vi thep
khong co lp g.
Cac ieu khoan cua muc 12.9

khong ap dung c cho cac si
thep trn hoac cho cac cap tien
ap co neo gi. Chieu dai nay
oi vi si thep trn co the c
tnh la ln hn ang ke do khong
co s dnh ket ngang c hoc. Co
the xay ra hien tng pha v
lien ket chu uon oi vi si
thep trn khi xay ra lan trt au
tien.
12.9.2- Co the ch can khao R12.9.3- Cac th nghiem e giai

sat cac tiet dien ngang gan thch c tien hanh nam 1965
nhat ti moi au cuoi cua cau nham nghien cu anh hng
kien c yeu cau e phat cua cap dnh ket khong ay u
(phan dnh ket khong cho phep
trien hoan toan cng o thiet
keo dai en cac au cuoi cua
ke di cac tai trong co he so cau kien) ve tnh nang cua cac
a c quy nh. dam c keo cang trc, cho
thay rang tnh nang cua nhng
12.9.3- Khi phan dnh ket cua dam nay vi chieu dai khai
cap tien ap khong keo dai trien bang 2 lan chieu dai yeu
en het au cuoi cua cau cau trong muc 12.9.1 gan at
kien, va trong thiet ke co bao c tnh nang chu uon nh cua
gom tac dung chu keo di cac dam c keo cang trc
tac dung cua cac tai trong lam tng t co cap tien ap hoan
toan c dnh ket vi cac au
viec trong khu vc chu keo c
cuoi cua dam. Theo o, yeu
nen trc nh c cho phep cau phai co chieu dai khai trien
trong muc 18.4.2, th chieu dai gap oi oi vi cap tien ap
khai trien c quy nh trong muc khong c dnh ket en au
12.9.1 phai c nhan oi len. cuoi cua mot cau kien. Cac th
nghiem ke tiep cho thay rang
trong cac cau kien be tong keo
105
trc c thiet ke cho lc keo

bang 0 trong be tong di ieu
kien co tai trong lam viec (muc
18.4.2), th chieu dai khai trien
cua cap tien ap dnh ket khong
ay u khong can phai nhan
oi len.
12.10- Keo dai cot thep chu R12.10- Keo dai cot thep
uon -Tong quat chu uon-Tong quat
12.10.1- Cot thep chu keo co

the c keo dai bang cach
uon ngang li se c neo hoac
keo dai lien tuc vi cot thep
tren pha oi dien cua cau
kien.
12.10.2- Cac mat cat ti han R12.10.2- Cac mat cat ti han
oi vi viec keo dai cot thep oi vi mot dam lien tuc ien
trong cac cau kien chu uon hnh c anh dau la "c" hoac
nam tai cac iem co ng lc "x" trong hnh R12.10.2. e tai tac
dung ong eu, th cot thep keo
cc ai va tai cac iem trong
dai vao trong cau kien chong
pham vi nhp co s ket thuc thuan li hn trong viec ap
cua cot thep ke can, hoac dung cac yeu cau cua muc
c uon cong. Phai thoa man 12.11.3 hn ap dung chieu dai
cac ieu khoan cua muc khai trien c o t mot iem
12.11.3. co moment cc ai hoac iem
cat mut cua thanh thep.
12.10.3- Cot thep phai keo dai R12.10.3- Bieu o moment

qua iem ma tai o khong can thng dung trong thiet ke la
yeu cau chu uon mot oan bieu o tng oi; co the xay
bang chieu cao hieu dung cua ra mot so hien tng chuyen
dch v tr cua moment cc ai do
cau kien, hoac la 12db , chon
cac thay oi trong tac dung tai,
so nao ln hn, ngoai tr tai o lun cua tru , cac tai
cac tru cua cac nhp n va trong ngang, hoac cac nguyen
cac au t do cua dam consol. nhan khac. Mot vet nt cheo do
b keo trong mot cau kien chu
chu uon khong co ai chu lc
co the lam chuyen dch v tr
cua ng suat keo xap x mot
khoang cach d theo hng v tr
co moment bang 0. Khi c bo tr
cac ai chu lc, th anh hng
nay t khac nghiet hn, mac du
van co mot vai tro nao o.
e ap ng cho trng hp dch

chuyen cua cac iem co tr so
moment cc ai, quy pham nay
yeu cau viec keo dai cot thep
mot oan la d hoac 12 db vt
qua iem ma tai o theo ly
thuyet th no khong con chu lc
uon na, ngoai tr trng hp
nh a c lu y.
106
Cac iem cat ngang cua thanh

nham thoa man yeu cau nay
c minh hoa trong hnh R12.10.2.
Khi s dung thanh co kch thc

khac nhau, th viec keo dai phai
phu hp vi ng knh cua
thanh can keo dai. Mot thanh
c uon vao pha xa cua mot
dam va c keo dai lien tuc
tai o co the c xem la hu
hieu ve mat logic, trong viec
thoa man muc nay, oi vi v
tr ma tai o thanh thep i ngang
qua o cao ban phan cua cau
kien o.
12.10.4- Cot thep lien tuc phai R12.10.4- Cac ng suat cc tr

co chieu dai khai trien khong ton tai trong cac thanh con lai khi
ngan hn chieu dai khai trien ld nao cac thanh lan can c cat
vt qua iem ma tai o cot ngang, hoac c uon, trong cac
khu vc chu keo. Trong hnh
thep chiu keo c uon moc
R12.10.2, mot dau "x" c dung
hoac c ket thuc khong con e ch cac iem ng suat cc
co yeu cau chu uon. tr con lai tren cac thanh lien tuc
sau khi mot phan cua cac thanh
o a c cat ngang. Neu cac
thanh c cat ngang ngan nh
mc cho phep trong bieu o
moment, th cac ng suat cc tr
nay tr thanh fy toan phan, yeu
cau mot oan keo dai ld toan
phan nh yeu cau. oan keo dai
nay co the vt qua chieu dai
yeu cau e chu uon.
12.10.5- Cot thep chu uon R12.10.5- Cng o chu cat a

khong c gian oan trong mot c giam xuong va s ton that
khu vc chu keo tr phi thoa o deo khi cac thanh b cat
man mot trong cac ieu kien ngang trong khu vc chu keo, nh
minh hoa trong hnh R12.10.2, a
sau ay :
c ghi nhan. Quy pham nay
khong cho phep cot thep chu
12.10.5.1- Lc cat tai iem cat uon c gian oan khu vc
ngang khong c vt qua 2/3 chu uon, tr phi thoa man cac
mc cho phep, bao gom ca ieu kien ac biet. Cac vet nt
cng o cua cot thep chu do uon co xu hng bung ra sm
cat c cung cap. khi nao bat ky phan cot thep
nao c gian oan trong mot
12.10.5.2- Dien tch ai chu lc khu vc chu keo. Neu ng suat
vt so vi yeu cau dung e cua thep trong cot thep lien tuc
va cng o chu cat gan vi
chu cat va chu xoan doc theo
cac gia tr gii han cua chung,
moi thanh hoac si c gian th vet nt cheo do chu keo co
oan tren mot khoang cach t xu hng phat trien sm t
iem gian oan bang chieu nhng vet nt chu uon nay.
cao hu hieu cua cau kien. Cac vet nt cheo kho hnh
Dien tch ai chu lc d Av phai thanh hn khi ng suat cat thap
nho hn 60bws/fy. Khoang cach s (muc 12.10.5.1). Cac vet nt
107
khong c qua d/8b trong o b ngang co the c khong che

la ty le gia dien tch cot thep bang cac ai chu lc at sat
b cat ngang va tong dien tch nhau (muc 12.10.5.2). ng suat
thep thap hn lam giam kha
cua cot thep chu keo tai mat
nang nt cheo nay (muc
cat o. 12.10.5.3). Cac yeu cau nay
khong d kien ap dung cho cac
12.10.5.3- oi vi thanh so 11 moi noi chu keo a c neu
va nho hn, cot thep lien tuc trong cac muc 12.15, 12.13.5, va
cung cap mot dien tch gap oi muc 12.2 lien quan.
dien tch yeu cau e chu uon
tai iem b cat ngang va lc cat
khong vt qua mc cho
phep.
12.10.6- Phai neo ay u cho R12.10.6- Dam consol, cac cau

cot thep chu keo trong cau kien co o sau khac nhau, va
kien chu uon khi ng suat cot cac cau kien khac co ng suat
thep khong ty le thuan vi thep fs khong giam theo ty le
tuyen tnh vi s giam monent
moment, nh la mong nghieng,
yeu cau phai co s quan tam
mong bac, mong con; dam ac biet ve viec keo dai thch
consol, cau kien chu uon day hp cua cot thep chu uon. oi
hoac la cac cau kien trong o vi dam consol c ve trong hnh
cot thep chu keo khong song R12.10.6, ng lc mc cc han
song vi be mat nen. trong cot thep hau nh khong
oi mc xap x fy t be mat
cua tru en iem at tai.
Trong trng hp o, s keo dai
cua cot thep chu xoan phu
thuoc phan ln vao phan neo
cuoi cung c bo tr iem
at tai cuoi cung. Tai lieu tham
khao 12.1 hng dan viec dung
mot thanh thep han cat ngang
co cung ng knh lam phng
tien e neo gi au cuoi hu
hieu. Mot moc cuoi tren mat
phang ng, vi oan uon cong
co ng knh toi thieu, khong
phai co hieu qua hoan toan
bi v goc be tong khong cot
thep can thiet se ton tai gan
cac tai trong c tac dung gan
vi goc o. oi vi cac dam
consol rong (vuong goc vi mat
phang cua hnh dang) va tai
trong khong tac dung gan cac
goc, th cac thanh hnh ch U
nam trong mat phang nam ngang
tao nen c cac moc cuoi hu
hieu.
12.11- Keo dai cot thep R12.11- Keo dai cot thep
moment dng moment dng
12.11.1- Toi thieu 1/3 cot thep R12.11.1- Mot lng cot thep
moment dng trong cac cau kien moment dng ac biet c yeu
n va cot thep moment dng cau e truyen vao trong tru
108
trong cac cau kien lien tuc phai e chong lai mot so s chuyen
keo dai doc theo cung pha o dch cua moment do cac thay oi
cua cau kien vao trong tru . ve tai trong, o lun cua cot,
Trong dam, cot thep nay phai cac tai trong ngang, va cac
nguyen nhan khac.
keo dai vao trong tru t nhat
6 in.
12.11.2- Khi mot cau kien uon R12.11.2- Khi cau kien chu uon
la mot bo phan cua mot he la mot bo phan cua mot he
thong chong gi tai trong ngang thong chong gi tai trong ngang
chnh, th cot thep moment dng chnh, th cac tai trong ln hn
tai trong d kien trong thiet ke
c yeu cau phai keo dai vao
co the gay moment oi dau tai
trong tru theo muc 12.11.1 tru . Viec neo gi nay c
phai c neo e phat trien yeu cau e bao am tnh ben
gii han chay quy nh fy khi chu deo cua ket cau trong trng
keo tai mat cua tru . hp qua ng suat nghiem trong,
nh la do chay no hoac do ong
at. Khong tot khi s dung
nhieu cot thep hn cac ng
suat thap hn.
12.11.3- Tai cac tru n va R12.11.3- Tai cac tru n va

tai cac iem uon vong, cot cac iem uon vong nh la cac
thep chu keo moment dng iem anh dau la "PI" tren hnh
phai c gii han mot R12.10.2, th ng knh cua cot
thep moment dng phai u nho
ng knh sao cho ld tnh cho fy
e chieu dai khai trien tnh c
c nhan vi he so cua muc cua thanh o la ld khong vt
12.2 thoa man phng trnh (12-2); qua Mn/ Vu + la, hoac di cac
ngoai tr phng trnh (12-2) ieu kien chong tot la
khong can phai c thoa man 1,3Mn/ Vu + la. Hnh R12.11.3(a) minh
oi vi cot thep gian oan vt hoa viec ap dung ieu khoan
qua ng trung tam cua cac nay.
tru n bi cac moc tieu
chuan, hoac mot neo c hoc toi Tai iem uon vong, tr so la phai
thieu tng ng vi moc tieu khong c vt qua oan keo
dai thc te cua thanh thep c
chuan.
dung ra ben ngoai iem moment
zero. oan Mn/ Vu cua chieu dai
Mn nay la mot con so ly thuyet
ld la (12-2) khong theo sat vi iem co ng
Vu
suat cc ai hien nhien. Mn la
Trong o : cng o danh nh cua mat
Mn la cng o moment danh cat ngang khong nhan he so
nh gia thiet la tat ca moi va khong phai la moment ng
cot thep tai mat cat se c dung co he so.
ng lc en gii han chay quy
nh fy . Chieu dai Mn/ Vu tng ng vi
Vu la lc cat a nhan he so tai chieu dai khai trien oi vi thanh
mat cat o. co kch thc ln nhat thu c
la tai mot tru phai la chieu t phng trnh dnh uon a s
dung trc ay la 0 = V/ujd,
dai khai trien keo dai qua tam
trong o u la ng suat dnh, va
cua tru .
jd la canh tay on moment. Trong
la tai mot iem uon vong phai ban quy pham 1971, yeu cau ve
c gii han mot chieu cao moc nay c bo qua bang
hu hieu cua cau kien hoac 12 cach cong vao chieu dai neo
db , chon so nao ln hn. au mut san co la va bang
109
cach cong them mc tang 30%

Tr so Mn/ Vu co the tang 30% oi vi Mn/ Vu khi cac au mut
khi cac iem cuoi cua cot thep cua cot thep ch c han che
c han che bi mot phan lc bi phan lc nen.
chu nen.
V du, xem kch thc cua mot
thanh c cung cap mot tru
n sao cho ld c tnh nh
trong muc 12.2 bang vi
0,04 Ab f y / f 'c
Kch thc thanh uc cung cap

ch thoa man khi 0,04 Ab f y / f ' c
khong ln hn
1,3Mn/ Vu + la
Chieu dai la c s dung tai
cac iem uon vong c gii
han mc chieu cao hu hieu
cua cau kien o d hoac 12 lan
ng knh thanh (12 db ), chon so
nao ln hn. Gii han la c bo
sung vao bi v cac d lieu th
nghiem khong co e chng
minh rang mot chieu dai neo
au cudi dai se hoan toan co
hieu qua khi phat trien mot
thanh ma thanh o ch co mot
o dai ngan gia iem uon
vong va mot iem co ng suat
cc ai.
12.12- Keo dai cua cot thep R12.12- Keo dai cua cot
moment am thep moment am
12.12.1- Cot thep moment am Hnh R12.12 minh hoa hai phng
trong mot cau kien lien tuc, cau phap nham thoa man cac yeu
kien chu keo, hoac dam consol, cau ve neo gi cot thep chu
hoac trong bat ky cau kien nao keo vt qua pha o cua tru .
oi vi viec neo gi cot thep
cua mot khung cng, phai c
co moc, xem muc R12.5.
neo vao trong hoac xuyen qua
cau kien chong bang mot Muc 12.12.3 trnh bay kha nang
chieu dai khai trien, moc, hoac chuyen dch cua s o moment
neo c hoc. tai iem uon vong, nh a thao
luan muc R12.10.3. Yeu cau
12.12.2- Cot thep moment am nay co the ln hn so vi yeu
phai co mot chieu dai keo dai cau trong muc 12.10.3, va yeu
vao trong nhp theo yeu cau cua cau nghiem ngat nhat se c
muc 12.1 va 12.10.3. u tien ap dung.
12.12.3- Toi thieu 1/3 lng tong

cong cot thep chu keo c
cung cap e chu moment am tai
mot goi phai co mot chieu
dai neo keo dai qua iem uon
vong khong ngan hn chieu cao
hu hieu cua cau kien, 12db ,
110
hoac 1/16 khoang cach lot long

cua nhp, chon so nao ln hn.
12.13- Keo dai cot thep li R12.13- Keo dai cot thep
li
12.13.1- Cot thep li phai c R12.13.1- ai chu lc phai c

bo tr cang gan cac be mat bo tr cang gan be mat chu
chu nen hoac chu uon va chu nen cua cau kien cang tot bi
nen cua cau kien theo nh yeu v tai trong gan cc han cua cac
vet nt keo uon truyen sau.
cau ve o day lp be tong
bao ve va yeu cau ve vung R12.13.2- Yeu cau neo hoac keo
lan can oi vi cac cot thep dai oi vi ai chu lc bao gom
khac cho phep c. thanh hoac si thep gai a c
sa oi nam 1989 e n gian
12.13.2- Cac au mut cua mot hoa cac yeu cau nay. Yeu cau
ai mot canh, ai ch U, hoac ai neo thang a c loai bo v ai
nhieu ch U phai c neo bang nay kho gi nguyen v tr trong
mot trong cac bien phap sau khi o be tong va s thieu hut
ay : mot moc ai co the lam cho ai
khong co hieu qua khi ai cat
ngang qua vet nt chu cat gan
cuoi cua ai nay.
12.13.2.1- oi vi thanh so 5, si R12.13.2.1- oi vi thanh so 5

so D31, va nho hn, thanh so 6, va nho hn, neo c thc hien
so 7, va so 8 vi fy la 40.000 psi bang moc tieu chuan cua ai
hoac nho hn, th neo bang mot chu lc, theo nh ngha trong muc
7.1.3, c moc xung quanh mot
moc tieu chuan bao quanh cot
thanh thep doc. Ban quy pham
thep doc. 1989 loai bo yeu cau neo oi
vi chieu dai khai trien thang
a tnh bo sung them cho yeu
cau ve moc oi vi cac thanh
nho nay, nhng muc 12.13.1 yeu
cau mot ai chu lc nguyen o
cao. Tng t nh vay, cac ai chu
lc ln hn vi fy bang hoac
nho hn 40.000 la c neo u
bang mot moc tieu chuan cua
ai cau tao xung quanh cot thep
doc.
12.13.2.2- oi vi ai chu lc R12.13.2.2- Bi v khong the uon

so 6, so 7, va so 8 vi fy ln chat ai so 6, so 7, hoac so 8
hn 40.000 psi, th mot moc tieu xung quanh mot thanh thep doc
chuan cua ai chu lc bao quanh va do lc trong thanh vi ng
suat thiet ke ln hn 40.000 psi,
mot thanh cot thep doc cong
nen s neo ai phu thuoc vao ca
them mot chieu dai khai trien moc va ca chieu dai khai trien
gia o cao ban phan cua cau c cung cap. Mot thanh cot
kien va au mut ben ngoai thep doc nam trong mot moc ai
cua moc o bang hoac ln hn lam han che be rong cua cac
0,014d b f y / f ' c vet nt uon, tham ch la ngay
trong khu vc chu keo. Bi v cac
ai chu lc loai nay khong the
tuot t do nt tach song song
vi mat phang cua thanh co
moc, nen cng o moc nh a
111
c neu trong muc 12.5.2 a

c ieu chnh e phan anh
lp be tong bao ve va lp bao
boc xung quanh moc ai.
oi vi ai chu lc co fy ch
bang 40.000 psi, th mot moc tieu
chuan cua ai chu lc la cung
cap u lc neo va cac thanh
nay c neu trong muc
12.13.2.1. oi vi cac thanh co
cng o cao hn, th phai kiem
tra lai chieu dai khai trien. u
tien dung moc 135 o hoac 180 o,
nhng cung co the s dung moc
90o mien la au cuoi t do cua
moc 90o c keo dai het 12 db
nh yeu cau cua muc 7.1.3.
12.13.2.3- oi vi moi chan R12.13.2.3- Cac yeu cau ve neo

cua li han thep si tao hnh cua ai cau tao bang li han
thanh cac ai ch U, th hoac si thep trn c minh hoa trong
la : hnh R12.13.2.3.
(a) Hai si thep doc at cach

nhau vi khoang cach 2 in. doc
theo cau kien tai nh cua ai
ch U.
(b) Mot si thep doc c at

khong cach xa hn d/4 ke t be
mat chu nen va mot si th
hai gan be mat chu nen hn va
c at cach si th nhat
khong qua 2 in. Si th hai co
the c at tren chan ai keo
dai ra ben ngoai mot oan uon,
hoac tren mot oan uon vi
ng knh trong cua oan uon
khong nho hn 8db .
12.13.2.4- oi vi moi au cuoi R12.13.2.4- Viec s dung li

cua mot ai chu lc canh thang thep han dung cho cot thep
bang li han thep gai hoac chu cat a tr thanh thong
thep trn, th neo bang 2 si thep dung trong cong nghiep be tong
uc tai cho, be tong tien ap.
doc at cach nhau toi thieu la 2
Ve viec chap thuan cac tam
in. va si pha trong toi thieu xa li thep han thang lam cot
hn d/4 hoac 2 in. ke t o cao thep chu cat c trnh bay trong
ban phan cua cau kien d/2. Si mot bao cao bi Hoi ong
thep doc ngoai tai be mat chu PCI/WRI Ad. Hoc. ve Li si han
keo khong c xa hn be mat dung lam Cot thep chu cat.
nay hn phan cot thep chu uon
chnh gan vi be mat nay nhat. Cac ieu khoan ve viec neo
li han thep si dang tam khi
chu keo nhan manh en v tr
cua si thep doc cung o cao
nh cot thep chu uon chnh e
112
tranh kha nang nt tach tai

gii han thep phai chu keo.
Hnh R12.13.2.4 minh hoa cac yeu
cau neo gi oi vi li han
thep si dang tam. e neo gi
li han thep si dang tam, quy
pham a cho phep cac moc va
cac chieu dai khai trien trong
cac be mat chu nen va chu
keo cua cau kien (muc 12.13.2.1
va 12.13.2.3), va chieu dai at
san ch oi vi be mat chu
nen (muc 12.13.2.2). Muc 12.13.2.4
trnh bay neo cho li han thep
si dang tam phang s dung neo
si thep doc vi o dai khai
trien ay u trong cac be mat
chu nen va chu keo cua cau
kien.
12.13.3- Gia cac au moc,

moi oan uon cong trong phan
lien tuc cua ai ch U n hoac
ai nhieu ch U phai bao quanh
mot thanh thep doc.
12.13.4- Cac thanh doc c uon

cong e lam cot thep chu cat,
neu c keo dai vao trong mot
khu vc chu keo, th phai c
lien tuc vi cot thep doc, va
neu c keo dai vao trong mot
khu vc chu nen, th phai c
neo ra qua o cao ban phan d/2
cua cau kien o nh c quy
nh oi vi chieu dai khai trien
trong muc 12.2 oi vi phan o
cua cng o fy yeu cau e
thoa man phng trnh (11-19).
12.13.5- Mot cap ai chu lc R12.13.5- Cac yeu cau ve noi

hoac ai cau tao ch U uc at chong cua ai ch U oi e tao
sao cho co the tao c mot n nen mot n v ai kn c trnh
v kn phai c xem la c noi bay qua cac ieu khoan cua
muc 12.15.
chong thch hp khi chieu dai
oan chong la 1,3 ld . Trong cac
cau kien cao t nhat la 18 in., th
cac moi noi chong nay vi Abfy
khong ln hn 9000 lb tren 1
chan phai c xem la ay u
neu cac chan ai keo dai het
chieu dai san co cua cau
kien.
12.14-Noi chong cot thep - R2.14-Noi chong cot thep -

Tong quat Tong quat
113
12.14.2.1- Moi noi chong cua Neu co the th cac moi noi
cot thep phai c thc hien chong phai c bo tr cach xa
theo nh c yeu cau hoac cho cac iem co ng suat keo cc
phep trong cac ban ve thiet ai. Cac yeu cau ve noi chong
cua muc 12.15 bo sung cho ky
ke, hoac trong quy trnh ky thuat,
thuat bo tr nay.
hoac c s cho phep cua ky
s.
12.14.2- Moi noi chong R12.14.2- Moi noi chong
12.14.2.1- Cac moi noi chong R12.14.2.1- Do thieu cac d lieu

khong c thc hien tren cac th nghiem ve cac moi noi
thanh ln hn so 11 ngoai tr chong cua cac thanh so 14 va
trng hp c neu trong muc so 18 trong cac cau kien chu
nen va chu keo, nen khong
12.16.2 va muc 15.8.2.3.
c thc hien viec noi chong
cac loai kch thc thanh nay,
ngoai tr cac trng hp c
phep trong muc 12.16.2 va 15.8.2.4
oi vi cac moi noi chong chu
nen cua cac thanh so 14 va so
18 vi cac thanh nho hn.
12.14.2.2- Cac moi noi chong R12.14.2.2- Chieu dai c tang

cua cac thanh trong mot bo len cua oan noi chong yeu
phai c can c vao chieu cau oi vi cac thanh trong cac
dai noi chong c yeu cau cho bo c can c vao o giam
cua chu vi vong ngoai cac thanh.
cac thanh rieng le trong bo o,
Chieu dai ld c s dung trong
va c tang them theo nh muc tnh toan chieu dai noi chong
12.4. Cac moi noi chong cua c quy nh trong muc 12.15.1
cac thanh rieng le trong mot bo hoac 12.16.1 la e ap dung cho
khong c chong up. khong tng thanh rieng le. Cac thanh
c noi chong cho nguyen toan trong bo c noi chong ch
bo bo thep. bang viec noi chong cac thanh
rieng le doc theo chieu dai cua
bo. Hai bo khong c noi
chong nh la noi hai thanh vi
nhau.
12.14.2.3- Cac thanh c noi R12.14.2.3- Neu cac thanh rieng

chong bang cac moi noi chong le trong cac moi noi chong
khong tiep xuc trong cac cau khong tiep xuc c at qua xa
kien chu uon khong c at nhau, th se hnh thanh mot tiet
dien khong c gia co cot
cac xa nhau theo hng ngang
thep. Viec khong che e cac
qua 1/5 chieu dai noi chong vet nt tiem tang hnh thanh
yeu cau, hoac la 6 in. theo mot ng ch chi (o doc
5 : 1) c xem la mot bien phap
e phong toi thieu. Yeu cau
khoang cach toi a 6 in. c bo
sung vao bi v cac ket qua
nghien cu hien co ve ky
thuat noi chong cac thanh thep
gai a c thc hien tren cot
thep c bo tr vi khoang
cach thanh nay.
114
12.14.3- Moi han chong va R12.14.3- Moi han chong va

moi noi c hoc moi noi c hoc
12.14.3.1- Cho phep thc hien

cac moi han chong va cac
moi noi c hoc khac.
12.14.3.2- Ngoai tr cac trng R12.14.3.2- Quy pham nay yeu

hp c neu trong quy pham cau tat ca cac cong tac han
nay, th tat ca moi cong tac cot thep phu hp vi "Quy
han eu phai phu hp vi "Quy pham han Ket cau - Cot
thep" (AWS D1.4) cua Hiep hoi
pham han Ket cau - Cot thep"
han My. Xem muc R3.5.2 ve phan
(AWS D1.4). thao luan cho cong tac han.
12.14.3.3- Mot moi han hoan R12.14.3.3- Moi han hoan toan
toan la moi han phai co cac chu yeu d kien dung cho cac
thanh c at oi au va han thanh ln (so 6 va ln hn), trong
e phat trien c, khi chu keo, cac cau kien chnh. Yeu cau
cng o chu keo 125% gii
t nhat la 125% gii han chay
han chay se bao am c moi
quy nh fy cua thanh thep. han ben, ong thi u cho yeu
cau chu nen. ng suat cot
thep cc ai c dung trong
thiet ke theo quy pham nay chnh
la gii han chay. e bao am
u cng o trong cac moi han
e co the at ng hieu suat
trong ket cau va do o tranh
c s nt gion. Lng tang
25% gii han chay nay a c
chon bao am cho ca mc u
an toan toi thieu va tiet kiem
nhat.
12.14.3.4- Mot moi noi c hoc R12.14.3.4- Cac moi noi c hoc
ay u phai phat trien c, ay u cung yeu cau phai
khi chu keo va chu nen theo phat trien c 125% gii han
yeu cau, t nhat la 125%gii chay khi chu keo hoac chu nen
theo yeu cau, v cac ly do tng
han chay quy nh cua thanh
t nh a noi phan cac moi
thep. han hoan toan.
12.14.3.5- Cac moi han va cac 12.14.3.5- Cho phep s dung cac
moi noi c hoc khong at cac moi han hoac cac moi noi c
yeu cau cua muc 12.14.3.3 hoac hoc co cng o thap hn 125%
12.14.3.4 c cho phep theo muc gii han chay, neu cac ch tieu
toi thieu trong thiet ke cua muc
12.15.4.
12.15.4 eu c thoa man. V
vay, cac moi han chong cua
cot thep co hoac khong co
tam em, cac moi han qua cac
tam chuyen tiep, cac moi han
kep c cho phep trong nhng
ieu kien cu the.
12.15- Moi noi cua thanh va R12.15- Moi noi cua thanh va
si thep gai chu keo si thep gai chu keo
115
12.15.1- Chieu dai nho nhat R12.15.1- Cac moi noi chong
cua moi noi chong chu keo chu keo c phan loai theo loai
phai theo nh yeu cau oi vi A va B, bi chieu dai noi chong
moi noi loai A hoac loai B, nhng la mot tch so cua chieu dai
khai trien ld . Chieu dai khai trien
khong oc nho hn 12 in., trong
ld = ldh he so hieu chnh thch
o :
hp (muc 12.2) c dung e tnh
chieu dai noi chong phai c
Moi noi loai can c theo moi noi hoan toan,
A .......................................... 1,0 ld bi v nhom phan loai cua moi
Moi noi loai noi a phan anh bat ky phan
B .......................................... 1,3 ld cot thep d nao tai v tr noi
chong o.; v vay, he so trong
trong o ld la chieu dai khai muc 12.2.5 ve cot thep d As
trien chu keo tng ng vi khong c s dung na. He so
gii han chay quy nh fy phu ieu chnh tang cua muc 12.2.4
ve cot thep mat, be tong cot
hp vi muc 12.2 ma khong co
lieu nhe, va cot thep phu epoxy
he so ieu chnh cua muc phai c ap dung khi thch ng.
12.2.5. He so ieu chnh t muc 12.2.3
phai c tnh vao khi tnh khoang
cach thong thuy, o day lp
be tong bao ve, va lng cot
thep ngang. Khi nhieu thanh c
noi tai cung mot mat cat, th
khoang cach thong thuy chnh la
khoang cach ngan nhat tnh t
mep thanh cua cac thanh nam ra
ngoai oan noi tr i mot lan
ng knh thanh. oi vi cac
moi noi trong cot vi cac thanh
co uon cong cho lech v tr th
khoang cach thong thuy chnh la
khoang cach gia cac thanh
c noi nam canh nhau [khoang
cach x trong hnh R12.15.1(b)] tr i
cac ng knh cua bat ky thanh
trung gian khong c noi nao.
Quy pham nam 1989 co mot vai

thay oi ve chieu dai khai trien
chu keo (muc 12.2) trong o loai
bo nhieu iem lien quan en
cac moi noi chu keo do cac
thanh c at sat nhau co lp
be tong bao ve toi thieu. Do
o, moi noi loai C a c loai
bo mac du chieu dai khai trien,
c lay lam c s e tnh chieu
dai noi chong, a c tang
len trong mot so trng hp.
Hoi ong ACI318 a xem xet en
cac e ngh t nhieu to chc
khac nhau, bao gom ca Hoi
ong ACI408, nhng van con lai
mot chieu dai noi chong 2 mc
chu yeu la e khuyen khch
ngi thiet ke thiet ke viec noi
cot thep tai cac iem co ng
suat cc tieu va bo tr xen ke
116
cac moi noi e cai thien vai

tro cua cac chi tiet ti han.
12.15.2- Cac moi noi chong R12.15.2- Cac yeu cau ve moi
cua cac thanh va cac si thep noi chong chu keo cua muc
gai chu keo phai thuoc vao 12.15.1 khuyen khch viec bo tr
nhom moi noi loai B, va ch cac moi noi xa cac khu vc chu
ng suat keo cao, vao cac v tr
thuoc vao loai A khi: (a) dien tch
ma o dien tch cot thep
cot thep c bo tr t nhat ln c cung cap ln hn t nhat 2
hn 2 lan so vi dien tch yeu lan so vi lng yeu cau qua
cau qua viec phan tch ket cau phan tch ket cau. Bang R12.15.2
tren toan bo chieu dai cua trnh bay cac yeu cau ve moi
moi noi, va (b) t hn hoac bang noi di hang bang cot nh a
mot na tong lng cot thep trnh bay trong cac lan xuat ban
c noi chong trong pham vi trc cua quy pham nay.
chieu dai noi chong c yeu
cau. Bang 12 - Cac moi noi chong
chu keo
% ln nhat cua As c
As cung * noi trong chieu dai noi
cap chong yeu cau
As yeu 50 100
cau
2 Loai A Loai B
<2 Loai B Loai B
* Ty le gia dien tch cot thep cung
cap va dien tch cot thep yeu cau
theo phan tch ket cau tai v tr noi.
12.15.3- Cac moi han hoac cac R12.15.3- Moi han va moi noi
moi noi c hoc c s dung khi c hoc phai phat trien c toi
dien tch cot thep c cung cap thieu la 125% gii han chay quy
t hn 2 lan dien tch yeu cau qua nh khi c bo tr tai cac khu
vc co ng suat chu keo cao
phan tch ket cau phai at cac
trong cot thep o.
yeu cau cua muc 12.14.3.3 hoac
12.14.3.4.
12.15.4- Cac moi han hoac cac

moi noi c hoc c s dung khi
dien tch cot thep c cung cap
toi thieu la 2 lan dien tch yeu
cau qua phan tch ket cau phai
at cac yeu cau sau ay:
12.15.4.1- Cac moi noi phai c R12.15.4- Xem muc R12.14.3.5. Muc
bo tr xen ke t nhat cach nhau 24 nay mo ta trang thai khi ma co
in. va theo phng phap sao cho tai the s dung cac moi han hoac
moi mat cat eu phat trien c cac moi noi c hoc co cng
o thap hn 125% gii han chay
t nhat la 2 lan lc keo tnh toan
quy nh cua cot thep co the
tai mat cat o, nhng khong c c s dung. Muc nay cho phep
nho hn 20.000 psi tren toan bo mot s ni rong trong cac yeu
tong dien tch cot thep c cung cau ve moi noi khi cac moi
cap. han hoac moi noi c bo tr
xen ke va co san dien tch cot
thep d. Ch tieu lc keo tnh
toan gap oi nay c ap dung
cho cac mat cat co cha cac
117
moi noi chu keo cuc bo vi

phan tram lng cot thep lien
tuc khac nhau. Moi noi chu keo
cuc bo thong thng se c
han bang moi han ranh loe
gia cac thanh hoac gia thanh
thep vi cac ban thep.
e cu the hoa bien phap han

nh nay, th phai quy nh chieu
dai han. Cac moi han nh vay
c tnh bang tch so cua chieu
dai han tong cong nhan vi
kch thc ranh han (quy nh
bi kch thc thanh thep) nhan
vi ng suat thiet ke c cho
phep bi "Quy pham han ket
cau - Cot thep" (AWS D1.4).
12.15.5- Cac moi han trong cac R12.15.5- Mot cau kien ai chu
"cau kien ai chu keo" phai c lc, nh c khai niem trong ACI
thc hien bang cac moi han 318, co cac ac tnh sau ay :
hoan toan hoac moi noi c hoc cau kien o co lc keo doc truc
u kha nang hnh thanh tac
ay u phu hp vi muc
ong keo tren toan bo mat cat
12.14.3.3 hoac 12.14.3.4 va cac ngang; co mot mc o ng
moi noi trong cac thanh lan can suat trong cot thep sao cho tat
phai c bo tr xen ke cach nhau ca moi thanh eu co ay u
30 in. hieu lc; va co mot lp be
tong bao ve c gii han tren
tat ca cac mat. Cac v du ve
cac cau kien co the c phan
loai theo dang ai chu keo nh la
ai vom, cung treo truyen tai en
cac ket cau chong au tren
va cac cau kien chu keo chnh
trong mot ket cau dan.
Khi xac nh xem mot cau kien

phai c phan loai la ai chu
keo hay khong, phai xem xet
en tnh quan trong, chc nang,
ty le, va cac tranh thai ng
suat cua cau kien o lien he
en cac ac tnh tren ay. V du,
mot be hnh tron ln loai thng
dung, co nhieu thanh cot thep
va nhieu moi noi c bo tr xen
ke tot va c at cach nhau
rong khong c phan loai la
cau kien ai chu keo, va co
the s dung moi noi loai B.
12.16- Moi noi cua cac thanh R12.16- Moi noi cua cac
thep gai chu nen thanh thep gai chu nen
12.16.1- Chieu dai noi chong R12.16.1- Mot cach can thiet,
chu nen phai la 0,0005 fy db , oi cac yeu cau noi chong oi vi
vi thep co fy bang 60.000 psi moi noi chu nen van c gi
nguyen ke t ban Quy pham
118
hoac nho hn, hoac la (0,0009 fy - Xay dng ACI 1963.

24)db oi vi thep fy ln hn
60.000 psi, nhng khong nho hn 12 Cac gia tr trong ban Quy pham
in. oi vi f'c nho hn 3000 psi, th Xay dng ACI 1963 a c ieu
chnh trong ban 1971 e ghi
chieu dai noi chong phai c
nhan cac mc o bao boc cot
cong them 1/3 lan. thep khac nhau va e cho phep
thiet ke vi cot thep at en
gii han chay 80.000 psi. Cac th
nghiem a chng minh rang
cng o cua cac moi noi chu
nen phu thuoc ang ke vao
au mut chu lc va do o,
khong gia tang cng o mot
cach tng ng khi chieu dai
moi noi c gap oi len. V
vay ma oi vi cac gii han
chay ln hn 60.000 psi, cac
chieu dai noi chong chu nen
c tang len ang ke, ngoai
tr khi s dung cot ai xoan bao
quanh (nh la cac cot co ai
xoan) mc tang la khoang 10%
ng vi gii han chay 75.000 psi.
12.16.2- Khi cac thanh vi kch R12.16.2- Chieu dai noi chong
thc khac nhau c noi chong se c tnh toan can c vao
chu nen, th chieu dai noi chong chieu dai ln hn trong so :(1)
phai la chieu dai ln hn trong chieu dai noi chu nen cua
thanh nho hn hoac (2) chieu dai
so : chieu dai khai trien cua
khai trien chu nen cua thanh ln
thanh ln, hoac chieu dai noi hn. Noi chung khong c s
chong cua thanh nho. Cac thanh dung cac moi noi chong cho cac
so 14 va 18 co the c noi thanh so 14 hoac 18; tuy nhien,
chong vi cac thanh so 11 va ch rieng oi vi cau kien chu
nho hn. nen, th cho phep s dung cac
moi noi chong cho cac thanh so
12.16.3- Cac moi han hoac moi 14 hoac so 18 vi cac thanh so
noi c hoc c s dung trong chu 11 hoac cac thanh nho hn.
nen phai thoa man cac yeu
cau cua muc 12.14.3.3 hoac muc
12.14.3.4.
12.16.4- Cac moi noi kep R12.16.4- Cac moi noi kep
12.16.4.1- Trong cac thanh ch chu R12.16.4.1- Cac kinh nghiem ve

nen, ng suat nen co the c cac moi noi kep hau nh ch co
truyen bang mat chu lc cua rieng cho cac thanh thep ng
cac au thanh c cat thang trong cac cot. oi vi cac thanh
thep nghieng ang ke so vi
goc c khong che tiep xuc
phng thang ng, th phai chu
ong tam bang mot c cau thch y ac biet e bao am co
hp. the at c va duy tr c s
tiep xuc ay u cho be mat
chu lc.
12.16.4.2- Cac au thanh phai R12.16.4.2- Cac sai so cho phep

c cat ngang thanh cac be nay a c bo sung trong ban
mat phang trong pham vi 1,5 o so quy pham 1971, ai dien cho ky
119
vi goc vuong hp vi truc thanh thuat thc hien da vao cac th

va phai c co nh trong pham nghiem tren cac cau kien
vi 3o so vi mot be mat tiep xuc nguyen kch thc that co cha
hoan toan sau khi lap. cac thanh so 18.
12.16.4.3- Cac moi noi kep ch R12.16.4.3- Gii han nay c

c s dung trong cac cau kien bo sung trong ban quy pham 1971
co cha cac ai cau tao kn, ai e bao am sc ben chu cat
chu lc kn, hoac ai xoan. toi thieu trong cac mat cat co
cha cac moi noi kep.
12.17- Cac yeu cau noi ac R12.17- Cac yeu cau noi ac
biet oi vi ket cau cot biet oi vi ket cau cot
12.17.1- Cac moi noi chong, moi Trong cac cot chu tai trong uon
han oi au, moi noi c hoc, va tai trong doc truc, th cac
hoac moi noi kep phai c s ng suat chu keo co the xuat
dung trong pham vi cac gii han hien tren mot pha cua cot do
o lech tam trung bnh va ln
cua cac muc t 12.17.2 en
nh c trnh bay tren hnh
12.17.4. Mot moi noi phai thoa R12.17. Khi xuat hien lc keo nh
man cac yeu cau cho tat ca vay, th muc 12.17 yeu cau s
cac tong hp lc cua cot o. dung cac moi noi chu keo hoac
phai cung cap u kha nang chu
keo trung bnh. Hn na, yeu cau
phai co mot kha nang chu keo
toi thieu tren moi pha cua tat
ca cac cot tham ch ngay ca khi
viec phan tch thiet ke cho thay
la ch chu nen ma thoi.
Ban quy pham 1989 lam ro muc

nay tren c s la mot moi noi
chong chu nen co c mot
kha nang chu keo t nhat la
bang cng o fy , lam n
gian hoa cac yeu cau tnh toan
c e ngh trong cac an ban
trc cua quy pham.
Lu y rang moi noi trong cot

phai thoa man tat ca cac yeu
cau oi vi tat ca cac tong
hp lc trong cot o. Thng
thng, tong hp tai trong do
trong lc c ban se khong che
trong viec thiet ke cua chnh cot
o, nhng mot tong hp tai
trong bao gom ca gio, chan
ong a chan co the tao lc
keo ln hn trong mot so thanh
cot thep cua cot, va cac moi
noi trong cot o phai c thiet
ke cho lc nen nay.
Muc 12.17 a c sap xep lai

e xac nh ro rang hn cac
loai moi noi khac nhau cua thanh
thep trong cac ket cau cot.
120
12.17.2- Moi noi chong trong R12.17.2-Moi noi chong trong

cac ket cau cot cac ket cau cot
12.17.2.1- Khi ng lc trong thanh R12.17.2.1- Ban quy pham nam

do cac tai trong co he so la tai 1989 a c n gian hoa oi
trong nen, th cac moi noi chong vi cac thanh trong cot luon
phai phu hp vi muc 12.16.1, luon chu nen tren c s la mot
moi noi chong chu nen la u
12.16.2, va neu thch ng th them
kha nang chu lc keo nham loai
muc 12.17.2.4 hoac 12.17.2.5. bo cac yeu cau ac biet.
12.17.2.2- Khi ng suat cua thanh

do cac tai trong co he so la
ng suat keo va khong vt
qua 0,5 fy khi chu keo th cac moi
noi chong phai thuoc loai moi
noi chong chu keo loai B neu nh
tren mot na so thanh c noi
chong tai bat ky mat cat nao,
hoac la moi noi chong loai A
neu nh t hn mot na so thanh
c noi chong tai bat ky mat
cat nao va cac moi noi xen ke
nhau c bo tr xen ke cach nhau
mot oan la ld .
12.17.2.3- Khi ng suat cua thanh

do cac tai trong co he so la
ng suat keo va ln hn 0,5 fy khi
chu keo, th cac moi noi chong
phai thuoc loai moi noi chong
chu keo loai B.
12.17.2.4- Trong cac cau kien cot R12.17.2.4- Cho phep giam bt
thep co ai chu nen, khi cac ai cac chieu dai noi chong khi moi
cau tao cac oan noi chong noi chong o c bao quanh
co mot dien tch hu hieu khong suot chieu dai cua no bi
lng ai cau tao toi thieu.
nho hn 0,0015hs, th chieu dai
noi chong co the c nhan vi Cac chieu dai noi chong chu
0,83, nhng chieu dai noi chong nen co the c nhan vi 0,83
khong c nho hn 12 in. Cac oi vi cac cau kien chu nen
chan ai vuong goc vi o dai h co ai cau tao khi ma dien tch
phai c s dung trong viec xac ai cau tao oan noi chong
nh dien tch hu hieu. nho hn 0,0015hs, nhng chieu
dai noi chong khong c ngan
hn 12 in.
Cac chan ai vuong goc vi

moi hng c tnh toan rieng
va yeu cau nay phai c thoa
man tren moi hng. ieu nay
c minh hoa trong hnh R12.17.2,
trong o 4 chan eu co hieu lc
tren mot hng va 2 chan co
hieu lc tren mot hng khac.
121
Phan tnh toan nay la tch cc

tren mot hng ma hng nay
thng c xac nh thong qua
viec kiem tra.
12.17.2.5- Trong cac cau kien cot R12.17.2.5- Cac chieu dai noi
thep xoan chu nen, th chieu dai chong chu nen co the c
noi chong cua cac thanh trong giam xuong khi moi noi chong
oan ai xoan co the c nhan c bao quanh suot chieu dai
noi chong bi cac ai xoan do
vi 0,75, nhng chieu dai noi
co sc ben chong nt tach
chong khong c ngan hn 12 in. tang len. ai xoan phai at cac
yeu cau cua muc 7.10.4 va
10.9.3.
12.17.3- Moi han chong hoac R12.17.3- Cho phep co cac moi
moi noi c hoc trong ket cau han chong hoac cac moi noi
cot kep e noi chong trong cac ket
cau cot, nhng chung phai c
thiet ke di dang moi han
Cac moi han chong hoac moi
chong hoan toan hoac la moi
noi c hoc trong cac ket cau cot noi c hoc ay u phat trien
phai at cac yeu cau cua muc c 125 % cua fy c yeu cau
12.14.3.3 hoac 12.14.3.4. trong muc 12.16.3 va 12.14.3.3,
hoac 12.14.3.4. Kha nang cua
viec noi chong a c th
nghiem chu keo t lau va
cng o toan phan yeu cau
e phan anh cac tai trong nen
cao co kha nang xuat hien trong
cot thep cua cot do anh hng
cua hien tng rao bien. Neu
mot c cau noi c hoc khong
phat trien c mc cng o
yeu cau oi vi moi noi c hoc,
th moi noi c hoc o phai phu
hp vi tat ca cac yeu cau
cua moi noi kep noi chong cua
muc 12.16.4 va 12.17.4.
12.17.4- Moi noi kep noi R12.17.4- Cac moi noi kep noi
chong trong ket cau cot chong c dung cho cac thanh
cot thep trong cot luon luon
Cac moi noi kep noi chong phu chu nen phai co kha nang chu
keo bang 25% gii han chay
hp vi muc 12.16.4 co the c
cua thep tren moi pha cua cot,
s dung cho cac thanh cot thep hoac la bang cach bo tr xen ke
trong cot c ng lc nen mien cac moi noi kep hoac bang
la cac moi noi chong nay c cach tang cng them cot thep
bo tr xen ke va co bo tr them tai v tr noi chong. Moi noi kep
cac thanh phu tai cac v tr noi noi chong phai phu hp vi
chong. Cac thanh lien tuc tren muc 12.16.4.
moi pha cua cot phai co mot
cng o chu keo, can c theo
gii han chay quy nh fy, la
khong nho hn 0,25fy nhan vi
dien tch cua cot thep ng tren
pha o.
122
12.18- Moi noi chong cua cac R12.18- Moi noi chong cua
li thep gan han chu keo cac li thep gan han chu
keo
12.18.1- Chieu dai toi thieu cua Cac ieu khoan ve noi chong
oan chong hoac oan noi chong oi vi li thep gan c can
cua li thep gan han c o c vao cac ket qua th nghiem
gia cac au cuoi cua moi tam hien co. Cac yeu cau nay a
c n gian hoa (phan bo
li khong c ngan hn 1,3ld
sung quy pham nam 1976) t cac
hoac 8 in., va oan noi chong ieu khoan cua quy pham nam
c o gia si thep ngang ngoai Quy pham Xay dng ACI 1971
cung cua moi tam li phai bang cach gia nh la ch co
khong c nho hn 2 in. ld phai mot si thep ngang cua moi
bang chieu dai khai trien tng tam li c at chong va
ng vi gii han chay quy nh fy bang cach tnh chieu dai noi
theo nh muc 12.7. chong la 1,3ld. Chieu dai khai
trien ld la chieu dai c tnh
12.18.2- Cac moi noi chong cua theo cac ieu khoan cua muc
12.7 khong tnh en gii han toi
li thep gan han, khong co
thieu 8 in. Gii han 8 in. c ap
cac si thep ngang trong oan noi dung cho toan bo chieu dai noi
chong phai c xac nh nh oi chong. Xem tren hnh R12.18. Neu
vi mot si thep gai oc lap. khong co si thep ngang nao
trong oan noi chong, th ap dung
cac ieu khoan oi vi si
thep gan oc lap.
12.19- Moi noi chong cua R12.19- Moi noi chong cua
li thep trn han chu keo li thep trn han chu keo
Chieu dai toi thieu cua oan noi Cng o cua moi noi chong
chong hoac moi noi chong cua cua li thep trn han phu
li thep trn han phai phu hp thuoc chu yeu vao kha nang
nh sau : neo at c t cac si thep
ngang hn la chieu dai cua si
thep trong moi noi o. V ly
do nay, oan at chong c quy
nh di dang la oan noi
chong cua cac si ngang hn la
theo dang cac ng knh si
thep hoac dang tnh theo n v
inch. oan at chong tang cng
dai 2 in. c yeu cau la e
bao am oan noi chong cua
cac si thep ngang va e tao
c mot khoang cach nham
thoa man yeu cau am nen
be tong gia cac si ngang nay.
Cac ket qua nghien cu a cho
thay rang viec tang chieu dai
noi chong la can thiet khi at
chong cac tam li ln, cac si
at sat nhau, va di dang cac
yeu cau chieu dai noi chong
tang them c bo tr cho cac
li nay, ngoai yeu cau 6 in. toi
thieu. Chieu dai khai trien ld la
chieu dai c tnh theo cac ieu
khoan cua muc 12.8 khong ke
123
en gii han toi thieu 6 in. Cac

yeu cau noi chong c minh
hoa trong hnh R12.19.
12.19.1- Khi dien tch cua cot

thep c bo tr t hn 2 lan dien
tch yeu cau khi phan tch ket cau
tai v tr noi chong, th chieu dai
oan chong c o gia cac si
thep ngang ngoai cung cua moi
tam li phai khong ngan hn
mot lan khoang cach gia cac
si cua cac si ngang cong vi 2
in., hoac khong nho hn 1,5 ld ,
hoac 6 in. ld phai bang chieu dai
khai trien tng ng vi gii han
chay quy nh fy theo nh muc 12.8.
12.19.2- Khi dien tch cua cot

thep c bo tr t nhat la bang 2
lan so vi dien tch yeu cau khi
phan tch ket cau tai v tr noi
chong, th chieu dai oan chong
c o gia cac si thep ngang
ngoai cung cua moi tam li
phai khong ngan hn mot lan
khoang cach gia cac si cua
cac si ngang cong vi 2 in., hoac
khong nho hn 1,5 ld , hoac 2 in. ld
phai bang chieu dai khai trien
tng ng vi gii han chay quy
nh fy theo nh muc 12.8.
124

ACI 318 Tiếng Việt (Tiêu Chuẩn Tính Toán Bê Tông Cốt Thép Của Mỹ)

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ACI 318 Tiếng Việt (Tiêu Chuẩn Tính Toán Bê Tông Cốt Thép Của Mỹ)

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ACI318-89-(R'd 1995)- QUY TRNH KY THUAT VE BE TONG COT THEP VA DIEN GIAI- Trang-0

YEU CAU QUY PHAM XAY DNG

CHAP THUAN BI HOI ONG ACI 318

IN LAN TH NHAT, THANG 9, 1992

CAC YEU CAU QUY PHAM XAY DNG OI

ke ra cho nhng ngi s dung mong muon nghien cu tng

PHAN 2 - CAC TIEU CHUAN VE TH NGHIEM VA VAT LIEU

PHAN 3 - CAC YEU CAU THI CONG

6.4- Mach thi cong

PHAN 4 - CAC YEU CAU CHUNG

9.0- Chu thch

PHAN 5 - CAC HE THONG HOAC CAC CAU KIEN KET CAU

13.3- Cac bc trong thiet ke

CHNG 17 - CAC CAU KIEN BE TONG CHU UON O NHIEU LAN318-243

19.4- Cot thep cho vo mong

PHAN 6 - CAC IEM CAN LU Y AC BIET

TAI LIEU THAM KHAO CHO PHAN DIEN GIAI..............318-309

CAC PHU LUC

PHU LUC A - MOT PHNG PHAP THIET KE KHAC...........................318-321

PHU LUC B - CHU THCH..........................................................................318-333

PHAN I - TONG QUAT

QUI PHAM DIEN GIAI

1.1- Noi dung R1.1 Noi dung

Phu luc A bao ham cac ieu khoan

1.1.3- Quy pham nay c ap

1.1.4- oi vi cac ket cau ac R1.1.4- Mot so cau kien ac biet

trong cac an ban ACI sau ay:

"Ky thuat Tieu chuan ve Thiet ke va

"Ky thuat Tieu chuan ve Thiet ke va

(Bon, silo, thung cha la cac ket

(Cuon Ky thuat Tieu Chuan nay

"Ket cau Be tong Ky thuat Moi

trng"- ACI350. (trnh bay cac hng

"Cac Yeu cau Qui pham ve Ket cau Be

"Quy pham ve lo phan ng hat nhan

Cac hng dan ve coc be tong

Cac hng dan ve coc khoan lam

cau" ACI 336. (Trnh bay cac hng

Cac ieu khoan ac biet ve thiet

Cac ieu khoan ac biet nay sau

1.1.7.1- Trong cac khu vc co mc R.1.1.7.1- oi vi cac cong trnh xay

1.1.7.2- Trong cac khu vc co mc R.1.1.7.2- Trong cac khu vc co mc

Cac chi tiet ac biet nay ch ap

oi vi cong trnh xay dng nam

1.1.7.3- Mc o rui ro a chan R1.1.7.3- nh ngha mc o rui ro

318 la c quan chc nang a phng

(c) Cng o nen quy nh cua

(d) Cng o yeu cau hoac

(e) Kch thc va v tr cua tat

(f) Bien phap x ly cac thay

(g) o ln va v tr cua cac

(h) o dai moc cua cot thep,

(i) Loai va v tr cua moi noi

Quy pham nay cho phep s dung

1.3- Giam sat R1.3- Giam sat

Chat lng cua cac ket cau be

th cac quy nh ve xay dng cua

Khi cong tac giam sat c thc

Trong mot so he thong phap ly, th

Trach nhiem giam sat va mc o

Quy pham nay trnh bay cac yeu

Cac phng phap hng dan ve

Cac phng phap chi tiet ve giam