Internet of Things, Innovation and India

Syam Madanapalli | Indian Technology Congress 2015

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Outline

Defining 'Internet of Design and Innovating Opportunities for IoT

Things' for Beginners IoT Applications Solutions in India

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Civilization advances by extending
the number of important operations
which we can perform without
thinking about them.

Introduction to Mathematics (1911)

Alfred North Whitehead
(1861 1947)

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 State and Data
Data, data and data everywhere

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Everything has a State

Expiry Date Heart Rate Name of a Person Current Time

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State is Expressed with Attributes

Attribute Value
Temperature 24 C
State can be expressed
Battery Level 65%
with multiple attributes
Name Thermostat
Others

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State Machines

Few things expose internal

state using state machines

Sometimes users control the

state

Bulb

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The Need for Data and Control

Location Monitoring of Control lights

information health parameters and appliances

Need current Road conditions for Access control

energy tariff traction control for security

Waste level Controlling traffic Parameter setting

detection signals for machines

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Existence of State and the Need for Data
Data - Some devices have it; other devices or people want to use it

Data
State User 1

Thing
Data Data
User 2 User 3
Data Provider Data Users

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How does the User get the Data?

Data Providers Data Users

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Bridging Data Providers and Users

Data Providers Data Users

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The Internet Evolution
Internet of Things
Trillion nodes
Sensors, Objects

Internet Fringe
Billion nodes
Computers, mobiles

Internet Core
Million nodes
Routers, Servers

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Key Takeaways

State Everything has state

Thing State is represented using attributes

Data State is transitioned into data from owner to users

User Many users will have same data for different purpose

The Internet connects the data users to the owners

Internet It can scale to provide connectivity for trillions of devices

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 Internet of Things
The next BIG thing on the Planet Earth!

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Irrigation - Manual

Knowledge
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Irrigation - with the Internet

Internet

Comfort
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Irrigation - with IoT

Internet

Intelligence
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Irrigation - IoT allows Innovation

Internet

Smart
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 Internet of Things - the Definition

Self-organizing and self-healing Exchanging information between

network of objects object-to-object and object-to-people

Internet
Internet as the major
communication medium
Removes physical barriers and helps in
smart decision-making by harnessing
the data
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 Real-time Information
Better decision making

Safety & Security Aging Population

Better living standards Requires better care

Lifestyle Limited Resources

Convenience Requires conservation

Information Generation Govt. Initiatives

Measurements and Better citizen services
tracking

Innovation
New business models 20
IoT Applications
Industrial
Smart Cities Smart Water
Control

Smart Grid Smart Farming Smart Homes

Smart
Smart Retail eHealthcare
Environment

Safety and Customer

Smart Logistics
Security Service
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IoT is Pervasive Computing!
Time

1:1
1:N N:1

Server Personal Pervasive

Computing Computing Computing
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 Optimal New business
living opportunities

Future for the Job creation

next generations
Improved living
standards

Empowers Economic
people development

Internet of Things will have direct implications on the physical world

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Key Takeaway

Better world Real-time data

IoT
Saves environment, More visibility about
money and even lives the real world

Enables agility and faster

exception handling

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Designing and Innovating IoT Applications
A scalable approach for designing the IoT based applications

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Protocol Layers for the IoT

APPLICATION HTTP, CoAP

TRANSPORT TCP/UDP

NETWORK IPv6, 6lowpan

MAC
IEEE 802.15.4, WiFi, Bluetooth low
PHY energy*, 3G/LTE, Satellite

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Access Technologies for IoT
Parameter IEEE 802.15.4 WiFi BLE
868, 915MHz
Frequency Band 2.4, 5.0 GHz 2.4GHz
2.4GHz
Topology Start, Mesh Star Star
Range 100m-3Km 250m 100m
Data Rate 250KBps 600Mbps 1Mbps
Battery, Mains,
Power Mains Battery
Hybrid
Residential and Residential and
Applications Industrial, outdoors
office environment personal
Internetworking 6lowpan IPv6 Under development
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'Things' - Design Considerations
Physical
Low Cost Low Power Lossy Links
Constraints

Low Low Minimal Small

Range BoM or no UI Footprint

Less Low Self

Code Data Healing
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'Things' - The Constrained Devices
Size of Class 0 Class 1 Class 2
Code <100 KiB ~100 KiB ~250 KiB

Data <10 KiB ~10 KiB ~50 KiB

IP Connectivity Gateway CoAP TCP/IP

Processing One simple Function Multiple Functions Flexible

Power Energy Harvesting, Battery, Rechargeable Battery, Mains Power

Moore's law will be used for reduction of cost and power requirements
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Designing the Things

Inputs Outputs
Design for sleep
Receiving is expensive
SoC Time is energy - transmit quick
Define the state model
Battery Define a set of services
Size is cost:
Sensors Button cell > AAA > AA > Mains

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How long a Button Cell would last?
Typical Spec of a device
Frequency Band: 2.4GHz Assumptions:
Data rate: 250 Kbps Transaction duration: 3ms
Operating voltage 1.8 to 3.6 V Current consumption, avg: 30mA
Tx power: 5dBm (3.2mW) No. of measurements: 60 per hour
Receiver sensitivity: 98 dBm No. of transactions: 80 per hour
Current consumption:
RX - 22 mA, TX - 33 mA, Sleep - <1 A
CR2032: ~Typical capacity 225 mAh = 810,000,000 mAms
No. of transactions: 810,000,000 / (30 x 3) = 9,000,000
No. of transactions per day: 80 x 24 = 1,920
Duration of the battery: 9,000,000 / 1,920 = 4,687 days = 12.8 years
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Autonomous Services
Clients

User 1 User 2 User 3 A temperature service

A time service
No bleeding between users or services

Client behavior need not be defined

Services
Client use case determines the use of a service
Attributes Allows innovation in client implementation
Device
Server
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Use Case

Use case 1: Switching AC Use case 2: Scheduled light

Client
ON ON/OFF

AC Temp. Time Light

Service Service Service Service
Use case defines how to use the services exposed by the devices
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Autonomous Services - Innovation

n Services = (2^n) 1 possible Use cases

100 Services = 1 267 650 600 228 229 401 496 703 205 375 Use cases
200 Services = more than the number of atoms on the Earth
Autonomous services allow Unlimited Innovation
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Building Context
Door Closed
Projector ON
Meeting is in progress
Chairs occupied Context
Table Interactions
Other inputs

Lights OFF
Bed Occupied Person is sleeping
No movement Context
Time
Other inputs
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App Deployment - PAN

Personal Area IoT Networks

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Deployment in Metro Areas

Large scale/metro area IoT networks

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Key Takeaways

Application

Use Cases

Services

State
Attribute 1 Attribute 2 Attribute n

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Business Opportunities for IoT in India
Key condiderations for building IoT products and services

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Gandhi

Local First
Minimize the distance between
producer and consumer!

Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi

(1869 1948)

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India

Agriculture
700K GDP is IT contributes
300M Mobile contributes
employable proportional to 7% of GDP;
Internet Users; 25% of GDP;
graduates per manufacturing; Saturated at
Second to Employment
year; Twice 1.7% GDP from 58% of global
China Electronics
for 56%
that of China market share
Indians

India - The Land of Opportunity for the Internet of Things!

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What does IoT mean for India?

Internet of Things
Opportunity

India on Threshold
Be Proactive Be Laggard

India on Technology India on Threat

Produce IoT Solutions Produce Gandhis

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Considerations for Building an IoT Product

Identify your customer

Collaborate to innovate
in the ecosystem

Focus on traction
90% Cost savings building and customer
10x Better experience acquisition

Easy fit into the Customer Service is

ecosystem Everything

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 Your Product/Service
Deep

Curve Jumping
The user should continue to
get new value Elegant Intelligent

The Art of the Start 2.0, Guy Kawasaki Empowering Complete

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IoT Business Model

Sunk money subscriptions

If the customer is not ready for this,
you do not have a business case.

Recurring Revenues

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IoT Markets

eCommerce and Supply Chain

Large Farms and warehouses
Manufacturing
Energy Commercial market is
Transport preferred over the
consumer and
Healthcare government markets

Focus on RoI in 2 to 3 years

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IESA & TiE Assistance for IoT Startups

Assistance for
Design for Manufacturability
Testing & Certification
IoT for India: TiE and IESA Initiative
Interoperability and Standards
http://www.iotforindia.org

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Be Courageous

My message, especially to young

people is to have courage to think
differently, courage to invent, to
travel the unexplored path, courage
to discover the impossible and to
conquer the problems and succeed.
... Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam
(1931 2015)

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Key Takeaways

India has lot of Business model for

opportunities recurring revenues

Build curve jumping

Be courageous
solutions

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 Thank You!
smadanapalli@gmail.com

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