2009 BirdLife International

Juan de Dios Martnez Mera N35-76 y Av. Portugal

Casilla 17-17-717
Quito, Ecuador.
Tel: +593 2 2277059
Fax: +593 2 2469838

americas@birdlife.org
www.birdlife.org

BirdLife International is a UK-registered charity No. 1042125

ISBN: 978-9942-9959-0-2

Recommended citation: DEVENISH, C., DAZ FERNNDEZ, D. F., CLAY, R. P., DAVIDSON, I. & YPEZ ZABALA, I. EDS. (2009) Important Bird Areas Americas - Priority sites for
biodiversity conservation. Quito, Ecuador: BirdLife International (BirdLife Conservation Series No. 16).

To cite this chapter: FRANCO, A. M., DEVENISH, C., BARRERO, M. C. & ROMERO, M. H. (2009) Colombia. Pp 135 148 in C. Devenish, D. F. Daz Fernndez, R. P.
Clay, I. Davidson & I. Ypez Zabala Eds. Important Bird Areas Americas - Priority sites for biodiversity conservation. Quito, Ecuador: BirdLife International (BirdLife
Conservation Series No. 16).

The purpose of the information contained in this book is to support conservation initiatives in the Americas, for which it may be reproduced. Using this information for
commercial purposes is not permitted. If part or all of this information is used or included in any other publication, BirdLife International must be cited as copyright holder.
Those who provided illustrations or photographs in this book have copyright over them and these are not permitted to be reproduced separately to the texts accompanying
them.

The presentation of material in this book and the geographical designations employed do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of BirdLife
International concerning the legal status of any country, territory or area, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. Membership of BirdLife International
does not imply any opinion or position with respect to sovereignty issues on the part of BirdLife International Partner organizations.

Graphic design: Alejandro Miranda Baldares (alejoanime@yahoo.com)

Translations: Christian Devenish, tala Ypez Zabala & Amiro Prez-Leroux
Maps: David F. Daz Fernndez, tala Ypez Zabala & Christian Devenish
Edition of Spanish language country chapters: tala Ypez Zabala, Carlos Huertas Snchez & David F. Daz Fernndez
Graphic design volunteer (Spanish language country chapters): Adriana Valencia Tapia
3ULQWHGLQ(FXDGRUE\3ROLJUiFD&$

This publication and all country/territory chapters in their native languages are available for download at www.birdlife.org/
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Colombia lies in a privileged position in the northwestern extreme of South America, with marine territory in both
WKH&DULEEHDQDQG3DFLFRFHDQ&RORPELDLVWKHVHYHQWKODUJHVWFRXQWU\LQWKH$PHULFDVDQGKDVNPRI
coastline, bordering Panama to the north, Venezuela and Brazil to the east and Peru and Ecuador to the south.

Colombia is a democratic republic with an elected president heading the executive branch of the government. The
legislative branch is bicameral with elected representatives and senators. Administratively, the country is divided
into 32 provinces or departments, including insular territories, each headed by a state governor. Departments,
in turn, are divided into 1118 municipalities, also with elected mayors and councilors. The country has almost
41.5 million inhabitants (DANE 2005), including Afro-Colombians, gypsy communities and more than 50 ethnic
groups speaking more than 80 languages. The majority of the indigenous population live in more than 500 reserves
throughout the country whereas Afro-Colombians are mainly located in collective territories on both coasts.

Colombias rich biodiversity is partly due

to a unique combination of geographical
and topographic features not shared by any
other country in the region: geographic
location, geological history, climate, and
the variety of ecosystems distributed in the
six main biogeographic regions: the Andes,
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Caribbean and outlying islands (Romero et
al. 2008).

Greatest diversity is found in the Andean

region, covering a fourth of Colombias
continental area. The Andes form three
cordilleras or mountain ranges at their
northern extreme in South America, with
two large river valleys running between
them, the Cauca and Magdalena Valley.
Both rivers empty into the Caribbean on
Colombias northern coast. The Caribbean
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vegetation dominated by dry forests, offset
by wetlands associated with the Magdalena
river, for example the huge Cinaga Grande
de Santa Marta. The exception to the regions
topography is the Sierra Nevada de Santa
Marta, the highest coastal mountain range in
the world, rising from sea level to 5794 m,
and towering above the town of Santa Marta
at scarcely 50 km from the coast.

To the east lie the Llanos or plains, a vast area ,JVWHYX\L3VZ)LZV[LZ*6*VSVTIPHZYZ[0)(WYV[LJ[ZKY`MVYLZ[PU[OL:PLYYH

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shared with Venezuela, extending out from the 4PSP[HY`4HJH^(YHTPSP[HYPZHUKV[OLY[YPNNLYZWLJPLZ
Andean foothills to the Orinoco river. Known 7OV[V!*OYPZ[PHU+L]LUPZO


 as the green sea, and alluded to as such by Humboldt, it is largely
made up of tropical savannas, wetlands and riparian vegetation. To the
south, the llanos merge into the Amazon forests which stretch across
the southeast of the country to Colombias port on the Amazon River
at Leticia, a border town with Brazil and Peru. This region contains
some rocky outcrops, notably the tepuis or inselbergs of Chiribiquete
National Park and small savannas within vast areas of tropical forest. To
the west of the Andes, large tracts of well preserved tropical rainforests
PDNHXSWKH&KRFyUHJLRQUXQQLQJDORQJWKH3DFLFFRDVWIURP3DQDPD
WR(FXDGRULQFOXGLQJWKHZHVWHUQDQNRI$QGHDQIRRWKLOOV)LQDOO\WKH
insular region contains the archipelago of San Andrs and Providencia
in the western Caribbean, some 200 km off the coast of Nicaragua, and
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In general, a bimodal rainfall pattern exists, with peaks of wet weather
in May and October and the driest months being January and July
(Romero et al. 2008).
3DFLFLQJUDVVODQGVDQGLQSHUSHWXDOVQRZV5RPHUR
et al. 2008).
The majority of Colombias population (70%) is concentrated in
the Andes and consequently the most threatened ecosystems are the
Andean forests which have been heavily fragmented and deforested
for agriculture and human habitation. In fact, 63% of original
ecosystems have been transformed (Chaves et al. 2008). Severe
ecosystem disturbance and high levels of plant endemism are the
two main factors leading to hotspot designation, a large-scale
system for establishing priority regions for conservation. Hotspots
in Colombia include the Tropical Andes, Tumbes-Choc-Magdalena
and Mesoamerica which includes the western Caribbean islands of
San Andrs and Providence (Mittermeier et al. 1998, Myers 2000).
Colombia also has two designated Wilderness Areas (Mittermeier et
al. 1998), the Amazon and the Llanos. The incredible biodiversity
PHDQV WKDW &RORPELD FODVVLHV DV RQH RI  PHJDGLYHUVH FRXQWULHV
holding an estimated 10% of the worlds species of fauna, occupying
Estimated coverage of natural ecosystems in Colombia is 68.7%,
of which, 37.4% is made up of forests (mainly in the Amazon and
Colombias national park system began in 1960 with the declaration
of Cueva de los Gucharos National Park in the departments of
Huila and Caquet in the south of the country. The park was set up to
safeguard an important Oilbird (Steatornis caripensis) colony, among
other reasons. To date, 54 areas have been declared under one of four
national categories within the protected area system. National parks
make up approximately 10% of the countrys area. Major ecosystems
within the national park system are forests (85.6%), grasslands, scrub
and rocky outcrops (4.6%), wetlands (3.2%) and pramos (1.3%;
Romero et al. 2008). Complementing this network are several other
WKHWRSVSRWIRUYHUWHEUDWHGLYHUVLW\H[FOXGLQJVKZLWKUVWSODFHIRU
birds and amphibians (Mittermeier et al. 1997).
*VSVTIPHOHZZL]LYHSVYNHUPaLK
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$WLQWHUQDWLRQDOOHYHOYH%LRVSKHUH5HVHUYHVKDYHEHHQGHVLJQDWHGWKH
UVWRIZKLFKGHFODUHGLQLQFOXGHV&RORPELDVUVWQDWLRQDOSDUN
(UNESCO 2008). Five Ramsar sites have been designated since 1998,
covering 458,525 ha. The last two sites, declared in 2008, cover High
Andean wetlands within Chingaza and Los Nevados National Parks
regional protected area categories, including both public (regional and 5DPVDU  &RORPELDV UVW VLWH ZLWKLQ WKH :HVWHUQ +HPLVSKHUH
municipal) and private nature reserves. There are several organized
networks of private protected areas, the largest of which is the Civil
Society Nature Reserve Network with more than 182 reserves in 21
administrative provinces of the country, covering an approximate area
of 48,000 ha (RESNATUR 2009).
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%RFDQD GHO UtR ,VFXDQGp RQ WKH 3DFLF FRDVW LQ WKH GHSDUWPHQW RI
Nario, in the buffer zone of Sanquianga National Park (CO121).
Colombia is signatory to several international agreements on biodiversity
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Declaration of protected areas as a conservation strategy is part of
a legal requirement to plan for the management and exploitation of
natural resources as well as for the protection of ecologically important
areas. The National System of Protected Areas (SINAP, in Spanish)
was created for this purpose and enables the sharing of management
criteria and mechanisms for planning and monitoring, brought together
in the SINAP Action Plan. Areas within the system include national,
regional and local conservation areas of private, public or collective
ownership (Ponce de Len 2005). Protected area systems also exist at
different scales, including regional and departmental.
WKH:RUOG +HULWDJH &RQYHQWLRQ UDWLHG LQ  WKH &RQYHQWLRQ RQ
International Trade in Endangered Species (1987), Ramsar Convention
on Wetlands (1997), Amazon Cooperation Treaty (1979) and the United
Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (1994). Colombia
has also signed bilateral treaties concerning environmental issues with
Peru, Ecuador and Brazil.

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Many national and international organizations, both public and
private, are involved in conservation issues in Colombia. The
National Environmental System (SINA, in Spanish), created in 1993,
comprises programs, institutions, activities and regulations to act on
environmental principles set out in Law 99 and the 1991 Constitution.
The SINA is made up of the Ministry of the Environment, Housing
DQG 'HYHORSPHQW YH DIOLDWHG UHVHDUFK LQVWLWXWHV  ORFDO
environmental authorities, community organizations and NGOs
involved in environmental issues, as well as other public and private
institutions. The local environmental authorities are responsible
for managing natural resources, with functions such as declaring
0[^PSSIL]P[HS[VUKHIHSHUJLIL[^LLUHNYPJ\S[\YLKL]LSVWTLU[
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Colombia has more bird species than any other country on the planet.
&XUUHQWHVWLPDWHVSXWWKHJXUHDWDSSUR[LPDWHO\5HVWDOOet
al. 2006, Salaman et al. 2009), without including introduced taxa.
At family level, Colombia also holds several records, including 163
species of hummingbirds spanning altitudes from sea level to over
4000 m in the high Andes. In the last ten years, no less than seven
new species to science have been described (Robbins & Stiles 1999,
Cuervo et al. 2001, Cuervo et al. 2005, Krabbe et al. 2005, Salaman
*VSVTIPH
UHJLRQDOSURWHFWHGDUHDVFRQWUROOLQJLOOHJDOWUDIFRIIDXQDDQGRUD
carrying out biodiversity research and implementing environmental
OHJLVODWLRQDPRQJRWKHUV0XQLFLSDOPD\RUVRIFHVDOVRKDYHDUROH
in implementing biodiversity legislation.
7KH ,QVWLWXWR $OH[DQGHU YRQ +XPEROGW RQH RI WKH YH UHVHDUFK
institutes, is responsible for promoting, coordinating and implementing
research which contributes to knowledge, conservation and sustainable
use of biodiversity as a factor for the development and wellbeing of the
Colombian population. The institutes focal species research group has
coordinated the IBA program in the country since its outset in 2001.
7OV[V!1VZt4H\YPJPV:HSJLKV
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There are 70 country endemics (including two endemic genera), of which
40 are globally threatened. The most important areas of bird endemism
in Colombia are Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, Eastern Cordillera of
et al. 2003, Cortes et al. 2007, Donegan 2007) with at least two WKH$QGHV WKH 3DFLF FRDVW DQG 0DJGDOHQD 9DOOH\ 6WLOHV  2QO\
more in press. one species, Chiribiquete Emerald (Chlorostilbon
olivaresi), is endemic to the region east of the Andes,
Eighty-seven of Colombias bird species are globally threatened found exclusively on the isolated range of table-top
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Endangered, 25 as Endangered and 50 as Vulnerable1. A further 59
species are Near Threatened, indicating that they almost meet a
global threat category. At national level, 112 species are threatened
(Rengifo et al. 2002). Ten of the Critically Endangered species are
endemic to Colombia and eight have global population estimates
below 1000 individuals, placing a major responsibility on the
country to ensure their protection. Main threats to birds come from
deforestation and agriculture, as well as increasing urbanization
PRXQWDLQVULVLQJIURPWKHDW$PD]RQLDQORZODQGV
of the departments of Guaviare and Caquet
(Stiles 1996). The number of endemic species
could increase by at least six if taxonomic
appraisals to raise endemic Santa Marta
subspecies to species rank are accepted
or published (Krabbe 2008). In terms of
Endemic Bird Areas, four are exclusive to Colombia
and a further 10 are shared with neighboring countries
(Rengifo et al.7KUHDWVDIIHFWLQJVSHFLFJURXSVLQFOXGHLOOHJDO 6WDWWHUVHOG et al. 1998), with a total of 228
WUDIFNLQJ LQ WKH FDVH RI SDUURWV DQG PDFDZV$OWKRXJK WKH HQWU\ restricted-range species in the country.
into force of Colombian legislation and CITES has reduced levels
of this illegal activity, individuals are still shipped from Colombias
north coast (Rodrguez-Mahecha & Hernndez-Camacho 2002).
For raptors, deforestation and fragmentation continue to be a major
/LSTL[LK *\YHZZV^ 7H\_P WH\_P PZ YLZ[YPJ[LK [V
threat, given that many species require large areas to complete their SV^HUKTLKP\THS[P[\KLZVM[OL(UKLZPUUVY[OLYU
OLIH F\FOHV 2WKHU WKUHDWV VSHFLF WR WKLV JURXS LQFOXGH KXQWLQJ *VSVTIPH HUK =LULa\LSH ^OLYL P[ [YPNNLYZ 0)(
RIWHQDVVRFLDWHGZLWKDJULFXOWXUDOFRQLFWVDQGLQDGHTXDWHXVHRI JYP[LYPHH[ZP[LZPUJS\KPUN;HTm5H[PVUHS7HYRVU
IV[OZPKLZVM[OLIVYKLY
pesticides (Mrquez et al. 2005). 7OV[V!0(]/

1
Changes in red list category from 2007 to 2008 are: Helmeted Curassow (Pauxi pauxi) from VU to EN; Gorgeted Wood-quail
(Odontophorus strophium) from CR to EN; and Black Inca (Coeligena prunellei) from EN to VU. 
 ;OL5LHY;OYLH[LULK;V\JHU)HYIL[:LTUVYUPZ
YHTWOHZ[PU\ZTLL[Z[OYLL0)(JYP[LYPHZPT\S[HULV\ZS`
(((H[ZP_0)(ZPU[OLZV\[OVM*VSVTIPH
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>H_WHSTZ*LYV_`SVUZWHYL]P[HSMVY[OLZ\Y]P]HSVM[OL*YP[PJHSS`,UKHUNLYLK@LSSV^LHYLK7HYYV[6NUVYO`UJO\ZPJ[LYV[PZ
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importance to diverse groups, including ducks (especially Blue-winged

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Colombias position, stretching from Central America to the Amazon,
LQFOXGLQJ WKH$QGHDQ FKDLQ DQG WKH 3DFLF ORZODQGV H[SODLQV PXFK RI
the variety of biomes present in the country. For the purposes of IBA
LGHQWLFDWLRQVSHFLHVKDYHEHHQLGHQWLHGDVUHVWULFWHGWRVL[ELRPHV
DFFRUGLQJWRWKHFODVVLFDWLRQE\6WRW]et al. (1996), with counts ranging
from two in Amazonia South (AMS) to 180 in the Northern Andes (NAN).
Only Brazil, with seven biomes, has more than Colombia.
A total of 225 species of waterbird are known from Colombia (12% of the
Teal; Anas discors DQG SDVVHULQHV DQG :HVWHUQ 1RUWK$WODQWLF \ZD\
(entering Colombia in the northeast), important for seabirds, shorebirds
and some species of Parulidae (Rappole 1995, Angarita et al. 2004).
Ornithological activity is increasing in the country, with many university
students and regional ornithological organizations actively involved in
research and bird conservation. Important national initiatives include 20
uninterrupted years of annual ornithological meetings, the creation of
the National Ornithological Network (RNOA, in Spanish), an umbrella
group of 22 ornithological organizations coordinating annual bird counts,
a national database (DatAves - eBird Colombia) and annual ornithological
meetings. This network was set up by the Instituto Humboldt as a result of
the National Bird Conservation Strategy (Rengifo et al. 2000). The strategy
aims to improve bird conservation in Colombia by means of research,
habitat protection and management. Its main objectives are to develop
FRXQWU\VDYLIDXQDDFFRUGLQJWRWKH:HWODQGV,QWHUQDWLRQDOGHQLWLRQRI
waterbird (WPE 2006, Arzuza et al. 2008). Five of thirty families make up
almost 65% of these species (Scolopacidae, Laridae, Rallidae, Anatidae
and Ardeidae) and a third of all Colombias waterbirds are migratory,
especially amongst the Scolopacidae and Laridae. Important wetland
habitats for waterbirds in Colombia total 202,525 km2, including lakes,
PDUVKHVSHDWERJVJUDVVODQGVDQGRRGHGIRUHVWV$U]X]Det al. 2008).
$ UHFHQW GLDJQRVWLF RI PLJUDWRU\ VSHFLHV LQ &RORPELD LGHQWLHG 
migratory bird species (Amaya & Naranjo 2009), of which 208 are
latitudinal migrants crossing Colombias border. Approximately 80%
of this total are Neotropical migrants (i.e. breeding in the Nearctic)
that either spend the northern winter in the country, or pass through to
wintering grounds further south; the remainder are austral migrants.
2WKHU W\SHV RI PLJUDQW ELUGV LGHQWLHG LQFOXGH  DOWLWXGLQDO PLJUDQWV
and 62 local migrants (Amaya & Naranjo 2009). Colombias position is
singularly important on the migratory routes of several groups of birds,
ZLWKWKUHHPDMRU\ZD\VLGHQWLHGIRU1HRWURSLFDOPLJUDQWV7KHVHDUH
7UDQV*XOI&HQWUDO$PHULFDQ\ZD\XVHGE\QHDUO\DOOPLJUDWLQJUDSWRUV
(entering the country from Panama), as well as passerines and shorebirds
DORQJWKH3DFLFFRDVWV7UDQV&DULEEHDQ\ZD\LQFOXGLQJWKHLVODQGRI
San Andres and important staging sites on Colombias north coast), of
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an information system to study and monitor bird populations; establish
an environmental education program; conserve birds through in situ and
ex situ protection and management; and strengthen institutional capacity.
7KHVWUDWHJ\DOVRSURYLGHGLPSHWXVIRURWKHUSURMHFWVVXFKDVWKHUVWUHG
data book on Colombian birds (Rengifo et al. 2002). This publication
became the basis for the former Ministry of the Environments resolution
on threatened species (Resolution 584 of 2002).
As part of a national conservation plan for migratory species, led
by the Ministry of the Environment, Housing and Development and
WWF Colombia, a strategy for migratory bird conservation (Amaya
& Naranjo 2009), bird banding and data management system and a
SXEOLFDWLRQRIIDFWOHVRQPLJUDWRU\ELUGVLQ&RORPELDDUHVKRUWO\WR
be published.
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The beginnings of the IBA program in Colombia go back to 1996 when

the Instituto Humboldt began a project to identify priority areas for
species conservation in the country. The IBA program formally began as
an institutional initiative in 2001 at the 1st National IBA Workshop in Villa
de Levya, in line with Objective 1.3 of the National Bird Conservation
Strategy, to identify Key areas for bird conservation.
Between 2003 and 2005, the Instituto Humboldt organized a series
of regional workshops to identify IBAs. Participants included local
ornithological associations, the national parks authority, regional
environmental authorities, academia and individual birdwatchers. The
lengthy candidate list, of at least 300 sites, was reduced to a total of
 ,%$V DQG SXEOLVKHG LQ  DV &RORPELDV UVW RIFLDO OLVW RI
IBAs (Franco & Bravo 2005).
The IBA program is only the beginning of a long-term process
which aims to consolidate bird conservation in Colombia. To date,
Colombia has rigorously implemented the standards and methods
proposed by BirdLife International, tying in with national policies on
biodiversity conservation and taking into account both national and
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regional interests. National IBA criteria have also been developed,
taking into account the national red list (Rengifo et al. 2002), near
endemic species and species of special genetic interest (BirdLife
International & Conservation International 2005). Current results
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as a high level of recognition at national and international level. This
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different forms of publicizing the program, such as the publication of
Colombias chapter in the Tropical Andes IBA directory (Franco &
Bravo 2005), the National IBA online directory (Devenish & Franco
2007) and an IBA web site for young people (Devenish et al. 2007).

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HSYLKLKVYLZ
CO016 *VTWSLQVKL*PtUHNHZKLSZ\Y *}YKVIH    1      
KL*LZHY`)VSP]HY        
CO017 *PtUHNHKL(`HWLS *OVJ}    2    
CO018 *HW\YNHUm (U[PVX\PH*OVJ}    3 2 X X    
CO019 7HYX\L5HJPVUHS5H[\YHS3VZ *OVJ}    2 5 X     
2H[xVZ    
CO020 7HYX\L5HJPVUHS5H[\YHS (U[PVX\PH*}YKVIH  3 3 9 X X    
,UZLUHKHKL<[YxH     
CO022 7HYX\L5HJPVUHS5H[\YHS (U[PVX\PH  1 2 1 2 X     
7HYHTPSSV      
CO023 7HYX\L5HJPVUHS5H[\YHS3HZ (U[PVX\PH*HSKHZ   1 1      
6YX\xKLHZ    
CO024 )VZX\LZ4VU[HUVZKLS:\YKL 9PZHYHSKH  2 2 1 2 X    
(U[PVX\PH     
CO025 (S[VKL7PZVULZ *OVJ}9PZHYHSKH=HSSLKLS 500  2 2 3 X    
CO026 7HYX\L5HJPVUHS5H[\YHS *H\JH    2 4 5 X X    
;H[HTm         
CO027 9LZLY]H5H[\YHS3HN\UHKL =HSSLKLS*H\JH   X     
:VUZV     

2
New IBAs are marked with an asterisk (see text for details). 
 CO028 9LZLY]H-VYLZ[HS@V[VJV =HSSLKLS*H\JH 559 1 2 3 X    
CO029 9LNP}UKLS(S[V*HSPTH =HSSLKLS*H\JH    1 5 X X    
CO031 7HYX\L5HJPVUHS5H[\YHS *H\JH   1 6 X     
-HYHSSVULZKL*HSP    
CO032 7HYX\L5HJPVUHS5H[\YHS *H\JH  2 1 5 7 X X    
4\UJOPX\L     
CO033 9LZLY]H5H[\YHS;HTIP[V *H\JH  1 4 5 X X    
CO034* :LYYHUxHKL:HU3\JHZ (U[PVX\PH)VSx]HY  1 2  7 X     
CO035* 9LZLY]H9LNPVUHS)HQV*H\JH (U[PVX\PH  1 2  3 X X    
5LJOx    
CO036 3H-VYaVZH:HU[H.LY[Y\KPZ (U[PVX\PH  2 3 4 X     
CO037 :HU:LIHZ[PmU (U[PVX\PH  1  3      
CO038 *H|}UKLS9xV(SPJHU[L (U[PVX\PH   1   3      
CO039 ,TIHSZLKL:HU3VYLUaV` (U[PVX\PH  3  2 X     
1HN\HZ     
CO040 ,TIHSZLKL7\UJOPUm`Z\aVUH (U[PVX\PH   2  3 X     
KLWYV[LJJP}U    
CO041* 9LM\NPV9xV*SHYV (U[PVX\PH 450 2   X     
CO042 :LS]HKL-SVYLUJPH *HSKHZ  2 1 2      
CO043 3H=PJ[VYPH *HSKHZ 100 3 1 2 X     
CO044 *\LUJHKLS9xV1PTtULa ;VSPTH  1  1     
CO045 9LZLY]H/PKYVNYmMPJH-VYLZ[HS` *HSKHZ  1 2 1 X X    
7HYX\L,JVS}NPJVKL9xV)SHUJV    
CO047 )VZX\LZKLS6YPLU[LKL 9PZHYHSKH  3 5 7 X X    
9PZHYHSKH    
CO048 -PUJH7HYHN\H` ;VSPTH   1 1 X     
CO049 *\LUJHKLS9xV/LYLQL ;VSPTH   1 1      
CO050 *H|}UKLS9xV)HYIHZ`)YLTLU 9PZHYHSKH  1 1 3 X     
CO051 -PUJHSH)L[\SPH9LZLY]HSH 8\PUKxV  1 1 1      
7H[HZVSH    
CO052 9LZLY]H5H[\YHS0IHUHZJH ;VSPTH  1 4 2 1 X X    
CO053* (S[V8\PUKxV 8\PUKxV  1 3 3 X X    
CO054 *H|}UKLS9xV*VTILPTH ;VSPTH  2 2 1 X     
CO055 *\LUJHKLS9xV;VJOL ;VSPTH  1 4 5 6 X X    
CO056 9LZLY]H5H[\YHS:LTPSSHZKL ;VSPTH  1   1 X     
(N\H 
CO057 7mYHTVZ`)VZX\LZ(S[VHUKPUVZ 8\PUKxV  1 1 5 3 X     
KL.tUV]H     
CO058 3HN\UHZ)VTIVUH`=HUJV\]LY ;VSPTH   1 1 X    
CO059 9LZLY]HZ*VT\UP[HYPHZKL ;VSPTH  2 3 6 2 X X   
9VUJLZ]HSSLZ     
CO061 *\LUJHKLS9xV:HU4PN\LS ;VSPTH   2 1     
CO062 7HYX\L5HJPVUHS5H[\YHS *H\JH/\PSH;VSPTH   2 1     
5L]HKVKLS/\PSH    
CO063 7HYX\L5HJPVUHS5H[\YHS7\YHJt *H\JH/\PSH   1 3 4 X X   
CO064 9LZLY]H5H[\YHS4LYLTILYN /\PSH 300  2 3 3 X    
CO065 7HYX\L5HJPVUHS5H[\YHS*\L]H /\PSH   1 5 4 X    
KLSVZ.\mJOHYVZ    
CO066 :LYYHUxHKLSVZ*O\Y\TILSVZ *H\JH7\[\TH`V    2 9 X X   
CO067 9LZLY]H5H[\YHS,S7HUNmU 5HYP|V   2 8 11 X X   
CO068 9LZLY]H5H[\YHS9xVjHTIx 5HYP|V   2 9 11 X X  
CO069 9LZLY]H5H[\YHS3H7SHUHKH 5HYP|V    3 8 X  
CO070 3HNV*\TIHS 5HYP|V 500    1   
CO071 *LYYV7PU[HKV Cesar  2 3 4 X X 
CO072 (N\HKLSH=PYNLU 5VY[LKL:HU[HUKLY 50   1   
CO073 :LYYHUxHKLSVZ@HYPN\xLZ :HU[HUKLY  2 2 2 3 X  
CO074 )VZX\LZ:LJVZKLS=HSSLKLS9xV )V`HJm:HU[HUKLY  2    X X 
*OPJHTVJOH  
CO075 9LZLY]H)PVS}NPJH*HJOHS :HU[HUKLY  1 2 1 3 X  
CO076 :LYYHUxHKLSHZ8\PUJOHZ :HU[HUKLY  1 2 1 4 X  
CO077 *VTWSLQV3HJ\Z[YLKL-X\LUL )V`HJm  2   X  X 
*\J\U\Im`7HSHJPV      
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:PLJOH   
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&ORINFORMATIONONTRIGGERSPECIESATEACH)"!
SEE INDIVIDUAL SITE ACCOUNTS AT "IRD,IFES $ATA
:ONEWWWBIRDLIFEORGDATAZONESITES

)SHJR:RPTTLY9`UJOVWZUPNLY)
7OV[V!4\YYH`*VVWLY


 -PN\YL3VJH[PVUVM0TWVY[HU[)PYK(YLHZPU*VSVTIPH

.


 *VSVTIPH
7R GDWH  ,%$V KDYH EHHQ LGHQWLHG LQ &RORPELD FRYHULQJ
7,699,302 ha or 7.1% of the countrys land area (Table 1, Figure 1). In
all, 107 sites meet the A1 criterion, covering 74 of the 87 (85%) species
of globally threatened birds present in the country. Eleven of these
globally threatened species are only represented in one IBA (Table
 +RZHYHU YH VLWHV KDYH PRUH WKDQ WHQ JOREDOO\ WKUHDWHQHG ELUGV
DQGKDYHPRUHWKDQYH7ZHQW\YH,%$VFRQWDLQRQH&ULWLFDOO\
Endangered species and seven of these contain two. Of nationally
threatened species (Rengifo et al. 2002), 99 of 112 are covered in
the IBA network. Eighty-three sites qualify under the A2 criterion,
triggered by 179 restricted-range species; 40 sites qualify for the 5HaJH)VVI`:\SHNYHU[P)
A3 criterion, representing 251 biome-restricted species. Nine sites 7OV[V!5VLTx4VYLUV

qualify under the A4 criteria. Among the most important sites for
waterbirds are Cinaga Grande de Santa Marta (CO008) and Complejo
de Humedales Costeros de la Guajira (CO003) on the Caribbean coast;
6DQTXLDQJD1DWLRQDO3DUNRQWKH3DFLFFRDVWDQG0DOSHOR1DWLRQDO
3DUN &2 D  KD 3DFLF LVODQG KROGLQJ WKH ZRUOGV ODUJHVW
-V\YMVYTLYS`\UWYV[LJ[LK0)(ZOH]L
colony of Nazca Booby (Sula granti; Lopez & Estela 2006).
ILJVTLSLNHSS`WYV[LJ[LKZPUJL
;HISL.SVIHSS`[OYLH[LULKZWLJPLZYLNPZ[LYLKPUVUS`VUL0)( [OLWYVNYHTILNHU
*VTTVUUHTL :JPLU[PMPJUHTL 0<*5JH[LNVY` 0)(JVKL
(2007) for not meeting the A3 criterion. However, the dynamic nature of the IBA
+\ZR`:[HYMYVU[SL[ *VLSPNLUHVYPUH CR *6 program means that new information on both existing and proposed sites
*VSV\YM\S7\MMSLN ,YPVJULTPZTPYHIPSPZ CR *6 can change the status of IBAs within appropriate time frames.
7LYPQH4L[HS[HPS 4L[HSS\YHPYHJ\UKH EN *6
*OLZ[U\[JHWWLK7POH 3PWH\N\Z^LILYP EN *6 More than half of Colombias IBAs enjoy full legal protection and a
*OLZ[U\[ILSSPLK*V[PUNH +VSPVYUPZYLTZLUP =< *6 further 18% are partially protected. Protected area categories include
7LYPQH;OPZ[SL[HPS :JOPaVLHJHWLYPQHUH EN *6 national parks, regional state reserves and private reserves, many
.PHU[(U[WP[[H .YHSSHYPHNPNHU[LH =< *6 of which are members of the network of civil society reserves. IBAs
*\UKPUHTHYJH(U[WP[[H .YHSSHYPHRHLZ[ULYP =< *6 are present in the jurisdiction of 35 of the 36 regional environmental
;HJHYJ\UH;HWHJ\SV :J`[HSVW\ZWHUHTLUZPZ =< *6 authorities, also 37 of 54 National Parks and 30 private reserves include
:HU(UKYLZ=PYLV =PYLVJHYPIHL\Z =< *6 IBAs. Four formerly unprotected IBAs have become legally protected
)H\KV6YVWLUKVSH 7ZHYVJVSP\ZJHZZPUP EN *6 since the program began, including two new national parks (Serrana de
los Yarigues; CO073 and Selva de Florencia; CO042) and two regional
protected areas covering the Baha de Cispat (CO013) on the Caribbean
A more detailed dataset, resulting from an effort to update IBA data coast and Can del Ro Alicante (CO038) in the department of
EHWZHHQDQGKDVHQDEOHGDPRUHUHQHGDSSOLFDWLRQRIWKH Antioquia. IBAs are present in all of Colombias biogeographic regions
IBA criteria, resulting in an extensive revision and re-evaluation of (grouped from Hernndez et al. 1992) although the majority are located
Colombias IBAs for inclusion in this directory. LQWKH$QGHVIROORZHGE\WKH&KRFyRU3DFLF&DULEEHDQDQG
Santa Marta (14), Amazon and Orinoco (12) and oceanic islands (2).
&KDQJHVVLQFHWKHUVW,%$SXEOLFDWLRQ)UDQFR %UDYRLQFOXGHWKH
addition of 12 sites (marked with an asterisk in Table 1), the suppression According to the ecosystem map of Colombia (IDEAM et al. 2007), the
of two and updated information, especially population data, at 100 sites. best-represented ecosystems in IBAs are forest (62.3% of the total IBA,
The two sites that do not presently meet IBA criteria are Isla Bocagrande, in 83 IBAs), grasslands (12%, in 41 IBAs) and scrub (6.4%, in 43 IBAs;
given that the only trigger species Tumaco seedeater (Sporophila )LJXUH'XULQJWKHSHULRGWKDWLVSULRUWR,%$LGHQWLFDWLRQ
insulata) is no longer recognized as a valid species (Stiles 2004, De Las 48 of the present IBA sites underwent habitat loss and only three increased
Casas 2004). The other site to be delisted is Finca Betanc-Guacamayas their areas of natural ecosystems (Romero et al. 2008, UNISIG unpublished

-PN\YL/HIP[H[YLWYLZLU[H[PVUPU0)(ZU$
-VYLZ[
.YHZZSHUK
:JY\I
/HIP[H[[`WL

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*YVWZHNYPJ\S[\YL
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4HUNYV]L
6[OLY
<YIHUHYLHZ
0 1000000 2000000 3000000 4000000 5000000 6000000
(YLHOH

:LYYHUxHKLSVZ7HYHN\HZ*6 PZHYLJLU[S`UVTPUH[LK0)(Z[YHKKSPUN[OL(UKLZHUK[OL
*OVJ}YLNPVUPU^LZ[LYU*VSVTIPHU-VY[`[OYLLZWLJPLZ[YPNNLY0)(JYP[LYPHH[[OPZZP[L
7OV[V!,K^HY[3SHUVZ*

 data). In the Andes, 18 IBAs have natural ecosystem coverage of more
than 75% of their area, of which eight have more than 90% coverage.
In contrast, 22 IBAs in the Andes have less than 50% coverage of
natural ecosystems (Romero et al. 2008).
More than 70 IBAs provide habitat to either boreal or austral migratory
birds, with the highest numbers of migratory species recorded in the
$SDUWLDOLQYHQWRU\RIWKUHDWHQHGYHUWHEUDWHIDXQDRWKHUWKDQELUGVDQGRUD
within IBAs was compiled in between 2006 and 2007. A preliminary analysis
shows that IBAs do cover other threatened species, for example, 50% and 63%
of the threatened mammals and reptiles present in Colombia, respectively,
are represented within the IBAs. Furthermore, species richness for threatened
fauna appears to increase with threatened bird species richness across the IBA
QHWZRUN+RZHYHUPRUHUHVHDUFKLVQHFHVVDU\WRFRUURERUDWHWKHVHQGLQJV
6HDRZHU %LRVSKHUH 5HVHUYH &2  VSHFLHV DQG ,%$V RQ especially with regard to the quality of the data on threatened fauna which have
Colombias northern coast (Figure 3). not been systematically collected and do not have the same sampling effort.

-PN\YL0)(Z^P[OWYLZLUJLVMTVYL[OHUZWLJPLZVMTPNYH[VY`IPYKZ

9LZLY]HKL)P}ZMLYH:LHMSV^LY*6

7HYX\L5HJPVUHS5H[\YHS;H`YVUH*6

=HSSLKL:HU:HS]HKVY*6

AVUHKLS[mPJHLZ[\HYPUHKLS9xV:PU*6

/\TLKHSLZKLSH:HIHUHKL)VNV[m*6

9LZLY]HKL)PVZMLYH9HTZHY*PtUHNH.YHUKL0ZSHKL:HSHTHUJH`:HIHUH.YHUKL*6

:HU[\HYPVKL-H\UH`-SVYH4HSWLSV*6 

*\JOPSSHKL:HU3VYLUaV*6

*PtUHNHKL(`HWLS*6

7HYX\L5HJPVUHS5H[\YHS.VYNVUH*6

:LYYHUxHKL:HU3\JHZ*6

:LYYHUxHKLSHZ8\PUJOHZ*6

9LZLY]H5H[\YHS3HN\UHKL:VUZV*6
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
5VVMTPNYH[VY`ZWLJPLZ

Although many projects, and many organizations working at sites that

are now IBAs had already made an immense contribution towards bird
FRQVHUYDWLRQ SULRU WR WKHLU LGHQWLFDWLRQ DV VXFK WKH ,%$ SURJUDP
has undoubtedly brought many actors and initiatives together under a
common approach to site-based conservation.
Many conservation projects have been implemented within IBAs since
the program began, several of which were funded by the Instituto
Humboldts small IBA grant scheme within the larger Proyecto
Andes (Box 1). Another source of funding for small conservation
projects has come from Fundacin ProAves, through their sponsorship
RIQDO\HDUXQGHUJUDGXDWHSURMHFWV
Key organizations participating in the program to date include
a number of public bodies such as the National Parks Authority
(UAESPNN), regional environmental authorities, municipal mayors
RIFHV DQG UXUDO IDUPHUV DVVRFLDWLRQV 0RUH WKDQ  ORFDO 1*2V
;OL0)(WYVNYHTOHZ\UKV\I[LKS`
IYV\NO[THU`HJ[VYZHUKPUP[PH[P]LZ
[VNL[OLY\UKLYHJVTTVUHWWYVHJO[V
ZP[LIHZLKJVUZLY]H[PVU
regional environmental authorities, an online IBA directory (Devenish
& Franco 2007), a website for young children (Devenish et al. 2007)
as well as strategic exposure at national and international events.
0RUHWKDQVSHFLFSXEOLFDWLRQVKDYHEHHQSURGXFHGLQFRQQHFWLRQ
with the IBA program, including local bird guides (e.g. Rodrguez et
al. 2005, Lozano 2006), educational materials for schools (e.g.
Castro et al. 2003, Devenish & Arzuza 2005), CDs of bird
sounds at IBAs (lvarez et al. 2003, Strewe et al. 2006,
and grass roots organizations, including members of the National
Ornithological Network, have also been involved in the program,
implementing conservation activities such as species monitoring,
education, community outreach and basic ecological studies. Other key
DFWRUVLQFOXGHORFDOELUGZDWFKHUVJURXSVWKHVFLHQWLFDQGDFDGHPLF
community and individual birders.
The IBA program has been communicated to a diverse public,
including distribution of the Tropical Andes IBA directory to all 36

lvarez et al.DVZHOODVSURPRWLRQDOOHDHWVVKRUW
OPVJDPHVDQGSRVWHUV
The BirdLife IBA monitoring framework (BirdLife 2006)
ZDV UVW LPSOHPHQWHG DW WKH nd National IBA workshop in
November 2007. Approximately half of Colombias IBAs set
down baseline information on pressures, state and opportunities
at IBAs, with a view to periodically updating this information.
;OL5LHY;OYLH[LULK7\YWSPZOTHU[SLK;HUHNLY0YPKVZVYUPZWVYWO`YVJLWOHS\Z)
7OV[V!4\YYH`*VVWLY
 *VSVTIPH
:THSSNYHU[ZJOLTLM\UKZJVUZLY]H[PVU )V_
WYVQLJ[ZPU0)(Z

(ZTHSSNYHU[ZJOLTLVWLYH[LKI`[OL0UZ[P[\[V/\TIVSK[WYV]PKLKM\UKPUN
MVYTVYL[OHUWYVQLJ[Z^P[OPU0)(ZV]LYHWLYPVKVM]L`LHYZ4VYL[OHU
WLVWSLSLKJVUZLY]H[PVUHJ[PVUZH[0)(Z^P[O[OLWHY[PJPWH[PVUVMTVYL
[OHUVYNHUPaH[PVUZ

7YVQLJ[Z JV]LYLK HYLHZ Z\JO HZ YLNPVUHS WYPVYP[` ZL[[PUN YLZLHYJO

THUHNLTLU[YLZLHYJOHUKLK\JH[PVU6ULWYVQLJ[PUJS\KLKZL[[PUN\WHUK
THPU[HPUPUN H [YLL U\YZLY` HZ WHY[ VM H ZLYPLZ VM SHUKZJHWL JVUZLY]H[PVU
[VVSZ[VZ\WWS`[OL)HYIHZ)YLTLUIPVSVNPJHSJVYYPKVYPU9PZHYHSKHQVPUPUN
[^VYLZLY]LZ^P[OPUVUL0)(*6;OLJVYYPKVYUV^PUP[ZZL]LU[O`LHY
SPLZVUSHUKWYV]PKLKI`SVJHSPUOHIP[HU[ZHZWHY[VMHJVUZLY]H[PVUPUJLU[P]L
ZJOLTL 9LZ\S[Z MYVT THU` VM [OLZL WYVQLJ[Z OH]L WYV]PKLK PUMVYTH[PVU
MVYLZ[HISPZOPUNMVYTHSWYV[LJ[PVUMVY0)(ZIL[[LYRUV^SLKNLVM[YPNNLY
ZWLJPLZ LK\JH[PVUHS TH[LYPHSZ MVY ZJOVVSZ HUK JVTT\UP[PLZ HUK ZP[L
JVUZLY]H[PVUZ[YH[LNPLZ

;OL ,UKHUNLYLK )VNV[H 9HPS OHZ MV\UK OHIP[H[ H[

[OL HIHUKVULK NYH]LS WP[Z VM [OL YxV :PLJOH =HSSL`
*6 ^OLYL JVUZLY]H[PVU ^VYR OHZ ILLU M\UKLK
I`[OLZTHSSNYHU[WYVNYHT
7OV[V!4\YYH`*VVWLY

.YH]PSSLYHZKLS=HSSLKLS9xV:PLJOH*67OV[V!*OYPZ[PHU+L]LUPZO

The monitoring framework allows results from already established links to regional environmental authorities and establishing regional
monitoring schemes to provide data on the state of IBAs. coordination or networks of IBAs.

Results from the monitoring information show that the most common
WKUHDW FDWHJRULHV ZHUH DJULFXOWXUDO H[SDQVLRQ DQG LQWHQVLFDWLRQ
over-exploitation, persecution and control of species; and human
intrusions and disturbance. Regarding response to pressures, 70% of
participating IBAs scored highly, indicating that these IBAs either have
legal protection, management plans or have implemented conservation
actions. The workshop also included group sessions evaluating the
,%$SURJUDPWRGDWHNH\QGLQJVIURPWKLVDFWLYLW\LQFOXGHGDQHHG
for legal recognition (not necessarily protection) of IBAs on the
part of many actors, further training in fundraising, strengthening
Future plans for the IBA program include:
implementation of further training courses and small grant schemes
integration of sustainable use of biodiversity with conservation in IBAs
establishing an IBA Conservation Strategy
implementation of a priority-setting exercise across IBAs
monitoring of IBAs
evaluate IBA coverage in Colombia and propose new sites where
necessary

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To all those at the Audiovisual Production Unit (UPA) for providing images to
a range of IBA products, especially Francisco Nieto Montao, Jos Mauricio
Salcedo and Ral Riveros, also to Murray Cooper for kindly donating his
photographs;
Data sources
'DWDIRU,%$LGHQWLFDWLRQFDPHIURPWKH&RORPELDQ,%$GDWDEDVHWKH1DWLRQDO To all those individuals and organizations, too many to name here, who have
Online IBA Directory, World Bird Database, Colombian Ornithological Network participated in the Colombian IBA program, especially those who have provided
(RNOA), Animal Sound Archive (Instituto Humboldt), DatAves (eBird Colombia) new IBA data over the last couple of years and information for the case studies
and from all those contributing to the IBA program. in this chapter and to James Lowen for helpful comments on an earlier version
of the chapter.
National IBA Directory
reas Importantes para la Conservacin de las Aves en Colombia (Franco &
Bravo 2005).
Directorio Nacional de las reas Importantes para la Conservacin de las Aves en
Colombia (Devenish & Franco 2007).
LVAREZ-REBOLLEDO M., CRDOBA-CRDOBA, S. & LPEZ, J. A. (2003) Gua Sonora de las
IBA web site for young people: aves del departamento del Valle del Cauca-Colombia. Reserva Forestal de Yotoco.
http://jovenes.humboldt.org.co/aicas (Serie CARs). Villa de Leyva, Colombia: Banco de Sonidos Animales (BSA) -
#ONTRIBUTETOINFORMATIONON#OLOMBIASBIRDS

Instituto de Investigacin de Recursos Biolgicos Alexander von Humboldt.
WWWEBIRDORGCONTENTCOLOMBIA
LVAREZ, M., CARO, V., LAVERDE, O. & CUERVO, A. M. (2007) Gua sonora de
Contact information
las aves de los Andes colombianos. Bogot, Colombia: Banco de Sonidos
Ana Mara Franco Maya (amfranco06@gmail.com)3
Animales - Instituto de Investigacin de Recursos Biolgicos Alexander von
Director, Focal Species Research Group/ National IBA Coordinator
Humboldt, Macaulay Library - Cornell Laboratory of Ornithology.
Instituto de Investigacin de Recursos Biolgicos Alexander von Humboldt
AMAYA, J. D. & NARANJO, L. G. EDS. (2009) Plan Nacional en Especies Migratorias.
Calle 28A #15-09, Bogot, Colombia.
'LDJQRVWLFR H ,GHQWLFDFLyQ GH DFFLRQHV SDUD D &RQVHUYDFLyQ \ HO 0DQHMR
Tel. + 57 1 3200215/ 3202767
Sostenible de las Especies Migratorias de la Biodiversidad en Colombia.
www.humboldt.org.co
Bogot, Colombia: Ministerio de Ambiente Vivienda y Desarrollo Territorial.
ANGARITA, I., ARBELEZ, D. & NARANJO, L. G. (2004) Manual para el Monitoreo de
Christian Devenish (christian.devenish@birdlife.org)
Aves Migratorias. Cali, Colombia: Asociacin Red Colombiana de Reservas
6SHFLHV&RQVHUYDWLRQ2IFHU
Naturales de la Sociedad Civil, Asociacin para el Estudio y la Conservacin
Birdlife International
de las Aves Acuticas en Colombia (Calidris), WWF Colombia.
Juan de Dios Martnez NN35-76 y Av. Portugal, Quito, Ecuador.
ARZUZA, D. E., MORENO, M. I., & SALAMAN, P. (2008) Conservacin de las aves
Tel. + 593 2 2464768
acuticas en Colombia. Conservacin Colombiana 6: 1-72
www.birdlife.org
BIRDLIFE INTERNATIONAL & CONSERVATION INTERNATIONAL (2005) reas Importantes
para la Conservacin de las Aves en los Andes Tropicales: sitios prioritarios
para la conservacin de la biodiversidad. Quito, Ecuador: BirdLife
International (BirdLife Conservation Series No. 14).
BIRDLIFE INTERNATIONAL (2006) Monitoring Important Bird Areas: a global
framework Version 1.2. Cambridge, UK: BirdLife International.
Our heartfelt thanks to all those who adopted the IBA program in Colombia since BIRDLIFE INTERNATIONAL (2007) 2007 IUCN Red List for birds. http://www.birdlife.
its beginnings to the present, to all the participants in regional workshops, training org/datazone/species/
courses and the II National IBA workshop, the Colombian Ornithological Network CASTRO, P., DE LAS CASAS, J. C., OSORIO, J. & AMAYA, J. D. (2003) %LWiFRUDGH
(RNOA) and especially those at the Instituto Humboldt who have collaborated Vuelo del Costal de las Aves de Colombia. Bogot, Colombia: Red Nacional
with and supported the development of the Colombian IBA program: Fernando de Observadores de Aves RNOA, Instituto ele Investigaciones Alexander von
Gast, Mauricio lvarez, Mara Piedad Baptiste, Juan Manuel Daz, Mara Claudia Humboldt, Asociacin Bogotana de Ornitologa-ABO (unpublished report).
Fandio, Mauricio Giraldo and Claudia Mara Villa. CHAVES, M. E., SANTAMARA, M. & SNCHEZ. E. (2008) Documento sntesis
proyecto Conservacin y Usos Sostenible de la Biodiversidad en los Andes
Many thanks to Oscar Laverde, for his support in the organization and development Colombianos. Bogot, Colombia: Instituto de Investigacin de Recursos
of training workshops in bird observation and song recording held in different Biolgicos Alexander von Humboldt.
IBAs; CORTS-DIAGO, A., ORTEGA, L. A., MAZARIEGOS-HURTADO, L. & WELLER, A. (2007)
A new species of Eriocnemis (Trochilidae) from Southwest Colombia.
Thanks also to Ines Cavelier, Ana Patricia Toro and all the team working on the Ornitologia Neotropical 18: 161-170.
project, Conservation and Sustainable Use of Biodiversity in the Colombian Andes CUERVO, A. M., SALAMAN, P. G. W., DONEGAN, T. M. & OCHOA, J. M. (2001) A
Proyecto Andes (www.andes.humboldt.org.co), for their constant support to all new species of piha (Cotingidae: Lipaugus) from the Cordillera Central of
of the programmed and unprogrammed activities; Colombia. Ibis 143: 353368.
CUERVO, A. M., CADENA, C. D., KRABBE, N. & RENJIFO, L. M. (2005) Scytalopus
To Carol Franco, Monica Morales and Nelly Rodriguez of the GIS department stilesi, a new species of tapaculo (Rhinocryptidae) from the Cordillera
at the Instituto Humboldt, for use of cartography, analysis, information and Central of Colombia. The Auk 122: 445463.
calculations carried out to update the National IBA Directory; DANE - DEPARTAMENO NACIONAL DE ESTADISTICA (2005) Censo General 2005 -

 3
Current address: Cra. 15 No. 90-64 (202). Bogot, Colombia.
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HI\YYP:VV[`(U[;HUHNLY/HIPHN\[[\YHSPZ:HMMYVUOLHKLK7HYYV[.`WVWZP[[HW`YPSPH
HUK)SHJR6YVWLUKVSH7ZHYVJVSP\ZN\H[PTVaPU\Z;OLZLWYVQLJ[Z^LYLJVVYKPUH[LK
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-YHTL^VYR MVY :P[L *VUZLY]H[PVU ;5*  HUK JVYYVIVYH[LK H[ H ^VYRZOVW
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[OL T\UPJPWHS TH`VYZ VMJL;OL Z[YH[LN`Z VIQLJ[P]LZ ZLLR [V WYV]PKL JVU[PU\P[` [V
WHY[PJPWH[P]L YLZLHYJO HUK TVUP[VYPUN VM 0)( [YPNNLY ZWLJPLZ NLULYH[L KL]LSVWTLU[
HS[LYUH[P]LZJVTWH[PISL^P[OIPVKP]LYZP[`JVUZLY]H[PVUKLULHUKPTWYV]LSHUKHUK
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7OV[VZ!1VZt4HU\LS6JOVH

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