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xm hng l mt tr chi tao nh, c ngun gc Trung Hoa, thu trc rt c ngi

Hu a chung. Thot tin, tr chi ny xut pht t trong Ni, sau ph bin dn trong dinh
th ca cc vng tn, cng t v quan li triu nh nh Nguyn, ri mi lan truyn ra dn
gian.
Xm c ngun gc t ch (thim), ngha l ci th. Hng l li c tri t ch
(hng), ngha l mu hng, nhng do ch ng m vi ch trong ch (Hng
Nhm) l tn ca vua T c (cm quyn: 1848 - 1883) nn phi king. xm hng l tr
chi gieo 6 ht sc sc (cn gi l ht to co) dnh nhng chic th khc ch mu ,
ghi cc hc v trong h thng khoa c thi xa gm: (t ti), (c nhn), (tin
s), (hi nguyn), (thm hoa), (bng nhn) v (trng nguyn). Ngay
tn gi ca cc th xm cng th hin ci nho nh ca tr chi cng nh tinh thn cu hc
v c vng khoa bng ca ngi xa.
Mt b xm hng gm 3 mn chnh: nhng chic th xm, 6 ht sc sc v chic t bng s
su lng gieo sc sc (ngi Hu gi l ht). Ngy trc, ngi chi phi nhc cng
tm cho c mt chic t s men lam lm t i Minh - Thanh bn Tu ting ht
mi thanh v vang xa. Ring b th th ty mc sang hn ca ch nhn m c lm bng
ng voi, xng th hay ct tre. Ni in Ha Khim trong lng T c vn cn trng by
mt b xm hng lm bng ng voi, chm tr rt p, vn l vng bo ca vua T c.
Ch nhn Ngc Sn cng cha t ng ng Nguyn Ch Thanh vn cn lu gi c
mt b xm hng khc, cng bng ng voi, c t thi vua ng Khnh (cm quyn: 1885 -
1889). Ngy nay, cc b xm hng bn ch ng Ba thng c lm bng xng, cng
chm tr cu k nhng cc ch Hn c thay bng cc hnh v c mu sc le lot v nhng
du chm mu . Ngoi ra cng cn phi k n chic hp ct nhng chic xm v cc
ht sc sc. l nhng chic hp lm bng g qu, bn ngoi c cc hnh trang tr bng sn
son thp vng hay cn x c. Nh th mi tng xng vi nhng ng trng, ng ngh lm
bng ng voi c ct gi trong hp.
Mi b xm hng gm 63 chic th. Th c gi tr cao nht l th trng nguyn (1 th), c
tnh tng ng 32 im. Tip theo l 1 th bng nhn v 1 th thm hoa (16 im/th); 4 th
hi nguyn (8 im/th), 8 th tin s (4 im/th), 16 th c nhn (2 im/th) v 32 th t ti
(1 im/th).
Tr chi dng 6 ht sc sc, mi ht c 6 mt khc cc du chm theo th t: nht, nh, tam,
t, ng, lc. Trong , mt nht v mt t t mu (ngi Hu gi l hng), cc mt
khc c t mu en. Khi chi, ngi ta gieo c 6 ht sc sc vo chic t s, ri cn c vo
cc mt hin ra tnh im nhn cho mnh chic th thch hp. S ngi chi c th l 4,
5 hay 6 ngi u c. V ty theo s ngi chi nh ra cc l lut nh bn trng,
mua im v nh mc n thua.
Thang im c bn da trn mt t (hng) nh sau:
- Nht hng: c 1 mt t trong 6 mt sc sc hin ra, ot th t ti.
- Nh hng: c 2 mt t trong 6 mt sc sc hin ra, ot th c nhn.
- Tam hng: c 3 mt t trong 6 mt sc sc hin ra, ot th hi nguyn.
- T hng: c 4 mt t trong 6 mt sc sc hin ra, ot th trng nguyn.
- T hng cp chnh: c 4 mt "t" trong 6 mt sc sc hin ra, 2 mt cn li l 2 mt "nh",
ot th trng nguyn v 1 th bng nhn hay thm hoa.
- T hng cp xin: c 4 mt "t" trong 6 mt sc sc hin ra, 2 mt cn li l 1 mt "nht"
v 1 mt "tam", ot th ot th trng nguyn v 1 th hi nguyn.
- Ng hng: c 5 mt t trong 6 mt sc sc hin ra, ot c 3 th: trng nguyn, bng
nhn, thm hoa.
- Lc ph hng: c 6 mt t trong 6 mt sc sc hin ra, ot tt c cc th c trong cuc
chi, k c th thuc v tay ngi khc v c thng gp i s im quy nh cho cc
th. y l trng hp rt him hoi, c coi l tt nh ca vn may. V thng khi t c
lc ph hng, ngi ta mng t, lo nhiu, v cho rng sau khi t c tt cng ca s may
mn th s gp xui xo, nht l nhng ai xm hng trong ngy u nm on vn hn
xui ca mnh trong mt nm sp n.
Ngi ta cn da vo cc mt mu en nh ra thang im th hai nh sau:
- T t: c 4 mt ging nhau trong 6 mt, ot th tin s.
- T t nht hng: c 4 mt ging nhau trong 6 mt v 1 mt t, ot 1 th tin s v 1 th
t ti.
- T t nh hng: c 4 mt ging nhau trong 6 mt v 2 mt t, ot 1 th tin s v 1 th
c nhn.
- T t cp: c 4 mt ging nhau trong 6 mt, 2 mt cn li c tng s im bng 1 trong 4
mt ging nhau , ot th bng nhn hay thm hoa.
- Ng t: c 5 mt ging nhau trong 6 mt, ot th trng nguyn.
- Lc ph: c 6 mt ging nhau, thng ton b.
- Phn song: c 6 mt nhng chia lm hai nhm, mi nhm c 3 mt ging nhau, ot th
bng nhn hay thm hoa.
- Phn song tam hng: c 3 mt ging nhau v 3 mt t, ot th bng nhn (hay th thm
hoa) v 1 th hi nguyn.
- H m: xut hin 3 cp: nht - nh - tam, ot th bng nhn hay th thm hoa.
- Thng m: xut hin 3 cp: t - ng - lc, ot th bng nhn hay th thm hoa.
- Lc thun: xut hin c 6 mt: nht - nh - tam - t - ng - lc, ot th bng nhn hay th
thm hoa.
Trn y l 2 thang im chnh ca tr chi xm hng. Ngoi ra, ty tng trng hp c
th m nh ra cch thc cp trng khi th ny v tay ngi khc, hay cch ot cc th
tng ng vi mt th c s im cao hn nhng thuc v ngi khc, trc khi ngi th
hai ot c th . Khi ngi chi ot ht 63 th l lc cuc chi kt thc. V ngi ta
da vo s th m nhng ngi chi ot c xc nh k thng ngi thua.
iu th v l tr xm hng hon ton khng c tnh st pht m ch yu nh vo s may
ri. Ngi ta thng chi xm hng trong nhng dp u xun: va gii tr trong my
ngy Tt; va xem vn hn xui ca mnh trong mt nm hn l tha mn th en
nh nhng tr c bc khc.
iu ny c l ph hp vi tnh cch ca ngi Hu, v th nn tr xm hng mi lan
truyn su rng ni mnh t c v vn tn ti cho n by gi.

Ch thch nh
nh 1: B xm hng bng ng voi ca vua T c hin ang trng by ti lng vua T
c..
nh 2 v 3: Ch Hn khc trn cc th xm phng theo b xm hng ca vua T c
nh 4: B xm hng bng ng voi ca ph m Nguyn Hu Tin hin ang bo lu ti t
ng Ngc Sn cng cha (Hu)
nh 5: Mt s th xm lm bng xng trong cc b xm hng ang by bn ti ch ng
Ba (Hu).
nh 7, 8, 9: C nh va my vn xm hng ly hn.
+4

Rn rng chi xm hng ly may u


nm
Chia s

(Dn tr )- xm hng l mt tr chi tao nh c


ngi Hu a chung. Thot tin, tr chi ny xut pht
t trong cung vua Nguyn, v sau ph bin trong dinh th
ca cc vng tn, cng t, quan li ri lan truyn ra dn
gian.
Xm c ngun gc t ch Thim trong ch Hn, ngha l ci th. Hng l li c tri t ch
Hng, ngha l mu hng, do m Hng c trong ch Hng Nhm, l tn ca vua T c nn
phi king.

xm hng l tr chi gieo con sc sc (cn gi l ht to co, ht x ngu) dnh nhng


chic th khc ch mu , ghi cc hc v trong h thng khoa c thi xa gm: T ti, C
nhn, Tin s, Hi nguyn, Thm Hoa, Bng Nhn v Trng Nguyn. Ngay tn gi ca cc
qun c cng th hin s nho nh ca tr chi cng nh tinh thn cu hc v c vng
khoa bng ca ngi xa.
B xm hng Hu

Mt b xm hng gm ba mn chnh: nhng chic th (xm), su con sc sc v chic t s


su lng gieo sc sc ( ht). Ngy trc, ngi chi phi nhc cng tm cho c
mt chic t s men lam lm t i Minh - Thanh bn Tu ting ht mi thanh v vang
xa. Ring b th th ty mc sang hn ca ch nhn m c lm bng ng voi, xng th
hay ct tre.

Ti Hu, ni in Ho Khim trong lng T c vn cn lu gi mt b xm hng lm


bng ng voi, chm tr rt p, vn l vng bo ca vua T c. Ch nhn Ngc Sn cng
cha t ng ng Nguyn Ch Thanh vn cn lu gi c mt b xm hng khc,
cng bng ng voi, c t thi vua ng Khnh.
B xm hng xa i vua T c

Ngy nay, cc b xm hng bn ch ng Ba thng c lm bng xng, cng chm


tr cu k nhng cc ch Hn c thay bng cc hnh v c mu sc lo lot v nhng du
chm mu . Hin c b xm hng bng xng th Nh sch Phng Nam kh p v
chun v lm cc hnh tng Trng Nguyn, Thm Hoa, Bng Nhn... nh ngi tht. C ch
vit v ch Truyng Hoa c khc ln th xng kh cu k.

Ngoi ra cng cn phi k n chic hp ct nhng chic xm v cc con sc sc. l


nhng chic hp lm bng g qu bn ngoi c cc hnh trang tr bng sn son thp vng hay
cn x c. Nh th mi tng xng vi nhng ng trng, ng ngh bng ng, c ct gi
trong hp.
Chn s trng men xanh i vua T c dng 6 ht sc sc

Mi b xm hng gm 63 chic th. Th cao nht l trng nguyn (1 th), c gi tr l 32


im. Tip theo l 1 th bng nhn v 1 th thm hoa (16 im/ th); 4 th hi nguyn (8
im/th), 8 th tin s (4 im/th), 16 th c nhn (2 im/th) v 32 th t ti (1 im/th).

Tr chi dng su con sc sc, mi con c su mt khc cc du chm theo th t: nht, nh,
tam, t, ng, lc, trong mt nht v mt t t mu (hng), cc mt khc c t mu
en. Khi chi, ngi ta gieo c su con sc sc vo chic t s ri cn c vo cc mt hin ra
tnh im nhn cho mnh chic th thch hp. Ngi chi c th l bn, nm hay su
ngi u c. V ty theo s ngi chi nh ra cc l lut nh bn trng, mua trng v
nh mc n thua. Thang im c bn da trn mt t (hng) nh sau:

Chi xm hng u nm

Nht hng: c mt mt t trong su mt sc sc hin ra, c nhn th t ti.

Nh hng: c hai mt t trong su mt sc sc hin ra, c nhn th c nhn.

Tam hng: c ba mt t trong su mt sc sc hin ra, c nhn th hi nguyn.


T hng: c bn mt t trong su mt sc sc hin ra, c nhn th trng nguyn.

Ng hng: c nm mt t trong su mt sc sc hin ra, c nhn c ba th trng nguyn,


bng nhn, thm hoa.

Lc ph hng: c su mt t trong su mt sc sc hin ra, c nhn tt c cc th c trong


cuc chi, k c th thuc v tay ngi khc v c thng gp i s im quy nh cho
cc th. y l trng hp rt him hoi, c coi l tt nh ca vn may. V thng khi t
c lc ph hng, ngi ta mng t, lo nhiu v cho rng sau khi t c tt cng ca s
may mn th s gp xui xo, nht l nhng ai xm hng trong ngy u nm on vn
hn xui ca mnh trong mt nm sp n.

Ngi ta cn da vo cc mt mu en nh ra thang im th hai nh sau: T t: c bn


mt ging nhau trong su mt, ly th tin s. T t nht hng: c bn mt ging nhau trong
su mt v mt mt t, ly mt th tin s v mt th t ti. T t nh hng: c bn mt
ging nhau trong su mt v hai mt t, ly mt th tin s v mt th c nhn. T t cp
xin: c bn mt ging nhau trong su mt, hai mt cn li c tng s im bng mt trong
bn mt ging nhau , ly th bng nhn hay thm hoa.

c T hng, ngi chi c nhn th Trng Nguyn cao nht

T t cp chnh: c bn mt ging nhau trong su mt, hai mt cn li ging nhau v c tng


s im bng mt trong bn mt ging nhau kia, ly th trng nguyn. Ng t: c nm mt
ging nhau trong su mt, ly th trng nguyn. Ng t i n: c nm mt ging nhau trong
su mt v mt mt t, cng ly c th trng nguyn nhng rt kh b ngi ta cp trng.
Lc ph: c su mt ging nhau, thng ton b. Phn song: c su mt nhng chia lm hai
nhm, mi nhm c ba mt ging nhau, ly th bng nhn hay thm hoa. Phn song tam
hng: c ba mt ging nhau v ba mt t, ly th bng nhn hay thm hoa cng vi mt th
hi nguyn. H m: tc l xut hin ba cp nht, nh, tam. Thng m tc l xut hin ba cp
t, ng, lc v sut ngha l c s mt tng dn t nht n lc. Tt c cc trng hp ny u
ly th bng nhn hay thm hoa.

Ngoi ra, tu tng trng hp c th m nh ra cch thc cp trng khi th ny v tay


ngi khc hay cch ly cc th tng ng vi mt th c s im cao hn nhng thuc v
ngi khc, trc khi ngi th hai t c th . Khi s th c ly ht c ngha mt vn
c kt thc v ngi ta da vo s th c tng ngi xc nh k thng ngi thua.
iu th v l hon ton khng c tnh st pht trong tr chi xm hng m ch yu nh
vo s may ri. Ngi ta thng chi xm hng trong nhng dp u xun, va gii tr
trong ba ngy Tt, va th vn hn xui ca mnh trong mt nm, hn l tha mn th
en nh nhng tr c bc khc. iu ny c l ph hp vi tnh cch ca ngi Hu nn
xm hng mi lan truyn su rng ni mnh t c v vn tn ti cho n by gi.

Cc em b rt thch th xm hng
Mt ngi chi hn, ly c nhiu th tt

Ni thm v tr chi Xm Hng


Th Hai, 10/11/2014 15:36

Mi gia nh ngi Vit d Vit Nam hay xa x nn kim mua hoc t lm mt b xm


hng gia nh c quy qun vui v trong ba ngy Tt vi tr chi tao nh: XM
HNG...

Sng mng 7 thng ging nm inh Hi, ti ang chin my ming bnh tt th nghe v ti gi vi xung t lu
1: anh on i ! Xm hng trong chng trnh VTV1 ca truyn hnh VN. Ti vi bt TV, va kp lc phng
vin ang phng vn 1 ngi dn sng ph c Hi An, ngi ny bo rng tr chi Xm Hng l mt tr chi
ca ngi Tu, c du nhp vo VN do ngi Minh Hng (Vit gc Tu) t rt lu. C phng vin ln ngi
c phng vn u sai, vi mt pht biu trn phng tin truyn thng d gy ra ng nhn. Pht biu
mang tnh v on v thiu cn c.

Theo ti, tr chi Xm Hng c by ra lm tr tiu khin trong ni cung Triu Nguyn. Sau , cc quan
li v nhng ngi trong Nguyn Phc Tc, mang tr chi ny ra ngoi cung v tr chi tr nn ph bin t
thnh th n nng thn Hu v Tha Thin. Ngi dn cc x Qung (Qung Tr, Qung Nam, Qung Ngi)
cng c nhng gia nh chi tr Xm Hng nhng rt t. Nhng gia nh ny c th l ngi gc Hu hoc c
dy m r m g vi ngi Hu. Hoc gi, trong dng tc c ngi lm quan trong triu nh Hu, hoc gi h l
b con du r vi ngi Hu. Vo trong Nam hay ngoi Bc, tr chi ny hon ton l lm. Nh vy, tr chi
Xm Hng v nh vt du loang, tr chi t cung nh Hu lan ra khp Hu v Tha Thin ri ta ra cc vng
x Qung, ri thi. Nhng vng xa nh Bnh nh, Ph Yn tr vo n C Mau, t Qung Bnh tr ra Bc hu
nh chng ai bit tr chi ny.

Tr li bi phng vn v Xm Hng trn VTV1, bo rng Xm Hng c ngun gc t Trung Quc l khng c
cn c v nu vy tr chi phi li mt du vt no trong cc tc phm vn hc. Chng c du vt no.
Nu ngi Minh Hng em tr chi ny du nhp vo Vit Nam th khng c g c ngi Minh Hng Hi An
chi tr ny m ngi Minh Hng Ch Ln l mt cng ng ngi Hoa rt rng ln li khng bit tr chi
ny? Dng h Mc Thin Tch lp nghip H Tin t cng phi em tr chi th v ny du nhp ch sao li
khng nh? chng minh thm tr chi Xm Hng pht sinh t ni cung triu Nguyn, ti dn ra y 2 chng
c:

Nu pht sinh t cc triu vua trc Thng Long, th vi mc thm thu ca tr chi ny, t nht l ngi
ng H Ni phi c ngi bit.

Tn gi tr chi l tn gi thun Vit XM HNG. Tn gi ny ch ra vic t ch Hng ni tri ra thnh ch


Hng. y l li ni trnh nhng t hy k rt ph bin Hu nh ch ca ng Hoa ni tri thnh ca ng
Ba v ch Hoa l ch hy k i vi vua. Chc chn l nhng ngi Hi An khng th ni tn gi ca tr chi
ny theo mt cch gi ca ngi Tu (v d nh ot Khi Nguyn ng Khnh chi cc chng hn) m ch c
th gi mt cch thun Vit v Hu c l Xm Hng.

Tr chi Xm Hng chc l c by ra sau i vua Minh Mng. thit lp mt nn qun ch k cng, ng
vua vn v song ton ny lp ra nhng bi thiu 4 cu 5 ch phn bit dng chnh v dng th trong Nguyn
Phc Tc. M dng ch (chnh h) l:

Min Hng ng Bu Vnh


Bo Qu nh Long Trng
Hin Nng Kham K Thut
Th Thoi Quc Gia Xng

Nhng dng th (bng h) c nhng bi thiu khc.

Nh vy gi l Hng trnh ch Hng l ch phm hy.

* * *
Nhn y ti xin trnh by thm v tr chi Xm Hng, mt tr chi ph hp vi nim hn hoan ca con ngi
trong 3 ngy tt, ph hp vi vic to mt khng kh m cng, y tnh thng yu gn b cc thnh vin trong
gia nh, bng hu t gi ti tr ai chi cng c, cng vui, thm ch ngi khng bit lut vn ngi vo chi
c nh thng.

Ngi ta thng chi Xm Hng trong my ngy tt, c ko di lm th cng n ht mng th thi. y l mt
tr chi tao nh v khng ai dng Xm Hng st pht. Hu nh khng c ting ci c, cay c trong lc chi
Xm Hng, ch c ting ci vui rn r ha vi ting leng keng vui tai ca nm ht sc sc xoay trn trong t
kiu cng ting lch cch ca nhng th hng va chm nhau.

S lng ngi tham d tr chi ny c th ln n 12 ngi hay nhiu hn na nu chng ta bit cch chi.
Do , Xm Hng rt ph hp vi khng kh gia nh chung vui trong ba ngy tt. Chng ai chi Xm Hng
m tnh chuyn gian ln v khng ai c th iu khin c mt lc 6 ht sc sc. Tnh minh bch ca tr chi rt
cao, 6 ht by ra r rng trc bao nhiu cp mt nn ngi khng bit t g v Xm Hng cng c th ngi
vo chi thoi mi, ch cn th ht vo t th c ngi c v lm th gip. Ch qua vi ba vn l bit c lut
chi lin.

Nhiu ngi tin rng chi Xm Hng nh mt cch bi qu tt xu u nm. Trong cuc chi, ai ly c
Trng anh (Trng Nguyn), Trng em (Bng Nhn, Thm Hoa) nhiu ln th chc c nm danh ti c li, cng
vic hanh thng, thng tin. Trc n sau thua th u nm tt, na nm v sau xu v nu trc thua sau n th
ngc li tin hung hu ct. Nu b cp trng th coi chng nhng iu xui ri, cng vic gy gia chng.
Hn nht l ng hng ot tam khi, cp mt lc 3 ng trng chc l trong nm c c hi honh pht ti lc.
Kh nht l lc ph, tc l 6 ht sc sc cng hin ra mt mt ging nhau. V l cc k kh nn ngi ta tin rng
iu qu tt hin hin th c s vic qu xu tim n.

Bn v tr chi Xm Hng:

C l nhiu ngi chi Xm Hng thc mc v sao ngi by ra tr chi ny li ly mt t (bn) lm chun ca
tr chi, trong khi mt nht (mt) cng p v cng c mu .Theo ti, tr chi mang tinh thn khuyn hc. Vo
thi qun ch, ngi ta hc hnh theo li t chng vi mc ch kim mt ch trong chn quan trng. Mun
ra lm quan th ngi hc phi qua cc k thi Hng T Ti, k thi Hi C Nhn v k thi nh
u t Tin S. Trong tr chi Xm Hng cng c cc cp t nh vy m phn thng cho ngi chi l
nhng th xm hng, trong cao nht l Trng Nguyn. V l chn quan trng nn cung quan l ch o
ca tr chi.

Trong qu Dch c 6 ho t s ho n ho thng. Su mt ca ht sc sc (nht - nh - tam - t - ng - lc)


tng ng vi 6 ho. Trong 6 ho ca qu dch th ho 6 l ngi tri, ho 5 l ngi vua (cu ng) v ho 4 l ngi
quan nn ngi by ra tr chi ny ly mt t lm ch o cho tr chi. Mt t c mu va vung vn, va
p li va c ngha c gi l Hng.

Ngi by ra tr chi da trn tnh ton xc sut v tn sut xut hin ca cc mt sc sc nh ra lut l tr
chi. Cng kh xut hin (tc l xc sut thp, tn sut xut hin t) th mc thng cng cao. T hnh thnh
ra cc loi th xm hng. B th Xm Hng c lp theo th t qu Dch: Thi Cc (1), Lng Nghi (2), T
Tng (4), Bt Qui (8) t tng dn ln theo cp s nhn m cng bi l 2. Nu tnh n v l 1 th nht
hng (gi tr l 1) th tng gi tr ca c b Xm Hng l 192 n v, chia ra lm 6 loi th, mi loi th tr gi
32 n v gi l 1 Trng. Tng mi loi th c gi tr 32 n v gi l 1 trng x 6 = 192 n v, ngi ta gi l 6
Trng. Th Tam Hng cn gi l th Tam Hng Hi. Cn nht hng, nh hng tng ng vi cp t
l T Ti, C Nhn th ti ch nghe ni m thi. Nh vy ch vi 1 b 6 ht sc sc v mt b th nh trn vi 1
ci t kiu ting ku thanh tao l ta sn sng cho mt cuc chi vui th.

Nhng qui c trong tr chi Xm Hng:

Ngi chi c nhn th xm theo nhng g xut hin trong 1 ln ht vo t.


Nht Hng (1 mt t) : ly 1 th mt

Nh Hng (2 mt t) : ly 1 th 2 hoc 2 th 1 khi khng cn th 2.

T T (hay cn gi l T Tn): khi c 4 mt ging nhau tr mt Hng (mt bn) th ly 1 th 4. Nu ngoi 4 mt


ging nhau c thm 1 hng hay 2 hng th ly thm 1 th 1 hoc 1 th 2.

Tam Hng (3 mt t): ly th 8

Nu Tam Hng i vi 3 ht sc sc cn li cng 1 mt (v d 3 t, 3 tam) th gi l Phn Song Tam Hng, ly


c 1 Trng em v 1 th Tam Hng (tr gi 24 th)

Trng em: c nhiu trng hp xut hin c ly Trng Em (tc l Bng Nhn, Thm Hoa)

Sut: 6 ht theo th t nht - nh - tam - t - ng - lc.

Phn Song: l chia hai, 3 ht mt ny, 3 ht mt kia (v d 3 tam, 3 nh)

Thng M, H M: theo ch l Thng m kim, h m ngn trong tch To Tho i ng Quan Cng
trong truyn Tam Quc Ch.

- Thng m l 3 i: 2 nht, 2 nh, 2 tam

- H m l 3 i: 2 t, 2 ng, 2 lc

T T Cp: Cp ngha l ghp vi nhau. T t l 4 mt ging nhau, hai ht cn li m tng s bng vi mt t


t th gi l T T Cp.

V d: T t l 4 mt ng, 2 ht cn li c th l 3 v 2 hoc l 4 v 1 th u gi l t t cp.

C 2 trng hp c bit ca t t cp:


- 4 mt nht v 2 mt ng, lc thnh ra 11 l t t cp ca mt nht.
- 4 mt nh v 2 mt nht hoc l 2 mt lc cng l cp.

Bn trng hp trn, ngi chi c quyn ly th trng Em. Khi ht th trng Em gia lng th ly tng
ng gi tr 16 th.

Trng Anh (Tc l Trng Nguyn) c 2 trng hp.


Trng T hng (cn gi l trng ) bao gm 4 mt hng. 2 ht sc sc cn li cng vi nhau thnh ra tui
ca Trng.
V d: 4 hng v 2 mt cn li l 3 v 5 th gi l trng 8 tui.

Khi mt ngi ly c trng 8 tui, m c ngi khc ht sc sc ra trng Anh 9 tui tr ln th ngi
c ly trng anh t tay ngi kia gi l cp trng.

Ngoi tui ca trng xc nh nh trn cn c 2 trng hp c bit l Trng cp xin v Trng cp chnh.
Trng cp xin l 4 t, 1 tam, 1 nht.;
Trng cp chnh l 4 t, 2 nh.
Trng cp xin cp trng c tui. Trng cp chnh cp c c trng cp xin.
Trng ng t (Trng anh en): bao gm 5 mt ging nhau tr hng. Ht xc sc cn li l s tui.

V d: 5 mt ng mt mt nh th gi l Trng ng t 2 tui. Nu ngi khc cng ra ng t m tui ln hn th


cp trng.

Trng ng t c mt trng hp c bit l ng t i n tc l 5 ht cng mt mt, ht cn li l mt t. Trng


ng t i n cp trng ng t c tui.

C mt quy nh c bit l loi trng no ch c cp trng loi . Trng khng c cp trng ng t


v ngc li.

Trng hp ra trng m khng cp c trng th ngi y s ly 32 th gia lng.


Nu ngi c trng m ra trng nhiu tui hn th ch c tng tui trng ch khng c php ly thm
th gia lng.

Ng hng ot tam khi: Tc l 5 mt hng th c ly c 3 trng (1 trng anh v 2 trng em) d trng
nm trong tay ngi khc. Ht sc sc cn li l s tui ca ng hng.

Lc ph: C 2 trng hp:


Lc ph en: 6 mt ging nhau tr hng.
Khi c lc ph th khng k ai c bao nhiu th, tt c ngi chi u ng lot chung cho ngi lc ph gi tr
theo quy nh (nu 6 hoc 7 ngi chi, mi ngi phi chung 1 trng)
Lc ph hng: 6 mt t
Tt c u chung cho ngi c lc hng tr gi gp i quy nh (nu chi 6 hoc 7 ngi thi 1 ngi phi
chung 2 trng)

Trong trng hp, ngi chi ht vng ra ngoi th xem nh bt hp l v phi b pht mt th hng thm
vo trng.

Trng hp ngi c trng ht nhng ln u khng c hng th mi ln b pht 1 th thm vo trng.

Sc sc Xm Hng

S lng ngi chi v cch tnh s lng th ca mi ngi chi:

1. T 2 n 7 ngi:

- Hai ngi: mi ngi phi 32 x 3 = 96 th.

- Ba ngi: mi ngi phi 32 x 2 = 64 th.

- Bn ngi: mi ngi phi 32 x 1,5 = 48 th.

- Nm ngi: C 2 cch:

+ Nu chia u th b bt 2 th, cn 190 th, mi ngi phi 38 th.

+ Bn trng: ngi c trng anh c quyn bn trng v nhng th khc trn tay mnh, khng gi li th no.
Nh vy, mi ngi khc phi 48 th.

- Su ngi: mi ngi phi 32 th.

- By ngi: ngi no c trng anh s bn ht th trn tay mnh cho ngi no cn thiu (mi ngi phi 32
th).

2. Bt u 8 ngi chi tr ln th cch tnh c phn phc tp hn. S ngi chi c th nhiu nhng nn chi
ti a 12 ngi. T 8 n 12 ngi chi, chng ta p dng li bn trng 2 ln. Nhiu ngi ngh rng, bn trng
2 ln l ngi c trng c bn gp i gi tr ca th trng (32 x 2 = 64). Tht s, nu chi theo cch th ch
c 1 ngi vui v n nhiu m nhng ngi khc s bun v ai cng thua c. Theo ti p dng v cch bn
trng 2 ln ny hay hn. Bn trng hai ln c ngha l c trng anh v 2 trng em u c bn. Ngi c trng
em c xem nh th, s cn li m ngi c trng em ly c th c quyn bn. Sau khi ngi c th
trng em bn xong, th ngi c trng anh s n ht phn cn li. S lng th cn c ca nhng ngi chi
khng c trng gim dn khi s ngi chi tng ln:

8 ngi chi, mi ngi khng c trng chu 32 th


9 28 th
10 25 th
11 22 th
12 20 th

S lng th ny ty theo s giao c ca nhng ngi chi. Con s trn y ch l con s tham kho m
thi.

Mt s ci bin tr chi thm hp dn:

u th ri: Khi cn li ch trng anh, ngi ta to thm ho hng bng cch u 1, 2 th hng. Ai nhiu
hng hn s n ht. Li u ny ch cn c theo mt hng.

H gi trng: Khi ht th nh m nhiu vng khng ln trng, cho nhanh c th h gi trng. Thng
thng l phn song tam hng, c th l trng em tr sut (C ngha l phn song, t t cp, thng h m)

Cp Trng Em: Khi c 8 ngi chi tr ln, ngi chi chp nhn bn trng 2 ln th gi tr ca trng em tng
ln nhiu. C th chia ra 3 cp cp trng em.

Cp I: Phn song tam hng


Cp II: Phn song, t t cp, thng m, h m
Cp III: Sut
Nh vy phn song tam hng c th cp trng em cp II v III, cp II c th cp trng em ca Sut. Ngi
ly trng em trc th b cp trc.

Khng ly th: Ngi chi c quyn khng ly th gia lng v khng ai cm 1 ngi t chi quyn li mnh
c hng. Nh vy ngi chi c c hi cp trng nhiu hn.

Bng cch chi mi l ny m bn b Quc Hc 61-64 p dng trong bui hp mt u nm inh Hi. N to
nn nim vui v k. Hu nh tr chi no cng c nhng bin thi thch hp to nn ho hng v vui v
nhiu hn. Do chng ta khng nn cu n l thi c m th p dng nhng ci bin trong tr chi xm hng
tr chi vui hn, hp dn hn.

Ch tc th Xm Hng

Trong ni cung triu Nguyn v cc gia nh quan li trc y, th xm hng c th lm bng ng voi. Sau
ny, th xm hng c lm bng vt liu khc d kim hn. Vt liu c th l sng b, sng tru trng,
xng, tre, g lm xm. C th in, v hnh trng v ghi ch Hn, cng c th ghi ch s, min sao c th
ln nh chi. B th xm hng ca ti c ch tc t a nha melamine ca Trung Quc. Ch cn ct di
ngn khc nhau ta c th nht hng, nh hng, t t. Ghp 2 th t t cho di hn 1 t ta c th tam hng,
ghp 3 th di hn ta c trng em, di hn cht na ta c trng anh. Dng keo dn Super Glue gn cc th
a li vi nhau. Cch ch tc ny d dng, ai cng lm c v n gin v cng m m thanh ca th va
chm nhau cng thanh tao nghe ra ting st, ting vng chen nhau vui tai lm lm. Xm hng l mt tr chi
mang m nt vn ho c sc. Tr chi ph bin rt rng ri trong x hi Hu v cc vng ln cn. Tr chi v
cng tao nh v thn thit. C mi ln Tt n, c nghe m thanh cc ht sc sc dn trong ci t kiu,
lng ngi t nhin thy rn r mt khng kh vui ti, m m ca mt gia nh ngi Hu n xun. Mi gia
nh ngi Vit d Vit Nam hay xa x nn kim mua hoc t lm mt b xm hng gia nh c quy
qun vui v trong ba ngy Tt vi tr chi tao nh: XM HNG

Theo L Duy on - http://www.art2all.net/chantran

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