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CNG THC TP BO CH 1

SIRO THUC

Danh sch sinh vin Tiu nhm 6 Nhm 4

STT H tn sinh vin

1 Nguyn Th Bch Loan

2 Trn Gia Lc

3 Nguyn Duy Long

4 Phan Tiu Long

5 Hong Duy Gia


MC LC

Phn 1: i cng
I. CNG THC
.................................................................................................................................... 5
II. TNH CHT, VAI TR CA CC CHT TRONG CNG THC
.................................................................................................................................... 7

Phn 2: Chun b nguyn liu

DUNG DCH BROMOFORM DC DNG 9


I. CNG THC
.................................................................................................................................... 9
II. C IM CNG THC
.................................................................................................................................... 9
III. CCH PHA CH
................................................................................................................................... 10
IV. TNH CHT CA THNH PHM
................................................................................................................................... 10
V. BO QUN
................................................................................................................................... 10

CN ACONIT 11
I. DC LIU U
................................................................................................................................... 11
II. TNH CHT CA CN ACONIT
................................................................................................................................... 11
III. CNG THC
................................................................................................................................... 11
IV. CCH IU CH
................................................................................................................................... 12
V. S XC NH NHANH GII HN ALKALOID TRONG CN ACONIT
................................................................................................................................... 13

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NC THM BC H 15
I. PHNG PHP DNG CN LM CHT TRUNG GIAN HO TAN
................................................................................................................................... 15
II. PHNG PHP DNG BT TALC LM CHT PHN TN
................................................................................................................................... 16
III. PHNG PHP DNG CHT DIN HOT LM TRUNG GIAN HO TAN
................................................................................................................................... 16
IV. PHNG PHP KT HP THEO REMINGTON
................................................................................................................................... 17
V. SO SNH GIA CC PHNG PHP
................................................................................................................................... 18

SIRO HNG CHANH 19


I. IU CH NC THM HNG CHANH
................................................................................................................................... 19
II. PHA CH SIRO HNG CHANH
................................................................................................................................... 19

SIRO V QUT 20
I. CNG THC
................................................................................................................................... 20
II. C IM CNG THC
................................................................................................................................... 21
III. CCH PHA CH
................................................................................................................................... 21
IV. TNH CHT CA THNH PHM
................................................................................................................................... 22
IV. BO QUN
................................................................................................................................... 22

SIRO N 23
I. PHNG PHP HO TAN NGUI
................................................................................................................................... 23
II. PHNG PHP HO TAN NNG
................................................................................................................................... 23
III. PHNG PHP IU CH THEO DC IN M
................................................................................................................................... 24
IV. PHNG PHP IU CH THEO DC IN ANH
................................................................................................................................... 24

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III. TNH CHT CA SIRO N
................................................................................................................................... 25
IV. BO QUN
................................................................................................................................... 26

EUCALYPTOL 27
I. CNG THC
................................................................................................................................... 27
II. CCH PHA CH
................................................................................................................................... 27

ETHANOL 90% 28
I. S LNG IU CH
................................................................................................................................... 28
II. CCH O CN V PHA CN
................................................................................................................................... 29

Phn 3: iu ch siro thuc 32

I. CNG THC HON CHNH


................................................................................................................................... 32
II. CCH IU CH
................................................................................................................................... 33
III. NHN THNH PHM
................................................................................................................................... 33

K HOCH THC TP
................................................................................................................................... 34

TI LIU THAM KHO


................................................................................................................................... 35

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Phn 1: i cng

I. CNG THC
Cng thc thuc ca 1 n v thnh phm siro thuc:
Dung dch Bromoform dc dng 1g
Cn Aconit by trm miligam
Eucalyptol 0,012 g
Siro hng chanh 15% (kl/kl)
Nc bc h 6 ml
Acid citric 0,1 g
Natri benzoat 0,1 g
Ethanol 90% 3,0 g
Siro v qut v 75 g

c im cng thc thuc

Cng thc trn l dng siro thuc, dng ng ung, c cu trc dung dch, dng bo ch
a liu.

Chng minh

Eucalyptol khng tan trong nc, nhng tan c trong cn.


Acid citric, natri benzoat u tan c trong nc v cn.
Nh vy cc thnh phn trong cng thc trn u ho trn vo nhau to thnh dung dch.

Lng siro hng chanh cn dng cho 1 n v thnh phm l:


75 x 0,15 = 11,25 (g)

Lng ng c trong siro hng chanh (nng ng 64%) l:


11,25 x 0,64 = 7,2 (g)

T l cc cht tan trong nc bc h rt nh, c th xem t trng nc bc h xp x bng t


trng ca nc (d 1). Nh vy lng nc bc h cn dng khong 6 g.

Lng siro v qut cn dng cho 1 n v thnh phm l:


75 1 0,7 0,012 11,25 6 0,1 0,1 3,0 = 52,838 (g)

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Siro v qut bao gm 1 phn dch chit m c vi 9 phn siro n (kl/kl) [1].

Nh vy:

9 phn siro n c lng cn l:


52,838 x 0,9 = 47,5542 (g)

1 phn dch chit m c c lng cn l:


52,838 x 0,1 = 5,2838 (g)

Lng siro n c trong dch chit m c vo khong:


5,2838 x 0,5 = 2,6419 (g)

Tng lng siro n cn dng cho siro v qut l:


47,5542 + 2,6419 = 50,1961 (g)

Siro n c nng ng saccarose trong nc tinh khit l 64% (kl/kl) [5]. Vy lng
ng trong siro n l:
50,1961 x 0,64 = 32,1255 (g)

Vy tng lng ng c trong ch phm l:


7,2 + 32,1255 = 39,3255 (g)

Nng ng trong ch phm l:

39,3255
x 100 52, 43%
75

Theo Dc in Vit Nam IV, siro thuc l dung dch ung hay hn dch c nng cao
ng trng trong nc tinh khit, cha dc cht hoc cc dch chit t dc liu [5].

Ch phm trn dng dung dch, c nng ng cao (52,43%), v ngt, cha dc cht
tr ho, gim au hng nh dung dch bromoform dc dng, cn aconit, cc tinh du trong siro
hng chanh, siro v qut, eucalyptol,

Nh vy, ch phm trn l dng siro thuc, dng ng ung, c cu trc dung dch, dng
bo ch a liu.

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u im Nhc im

Thch hp vi tr em v bnh Th tch cng knh, dng a liu


nhn khng s dng c dng thuc c nguy c phn liu khng chnh
phn liu rn. xc khi s dng.
Sinh kh dng cao v a s siro Hot cht d hng do mi
thuc l dung dch nc. trng nc, cu trc dung dch
Cha hm lng ng cao lm
dung dch c tnh u trng cao, ngn
cn s pht trin ca vi sinh vt.

II. TNH CHT, VAI TR CA CC CHT TRONG CNG THC

Thnh phn Tnh cht Vai tr

Bromoform Dung dch bromoform 10%, khng mu, v Hot cht: chng co tht c trn,
dc dng ngt t li (v bromoform). gim ho, st khun.
D tan trong nc.
o
T trng (20 C) 1 [12].

Cn Aconit Cht lng mu nu, v ng, gy cm gic Hot cht: gim au, tr ho, vim
kin cn u li. hng.
Nu thm cng mt lng nc, dung dch
tr nn c.
o
T trng (25 C): 0,825 0,855 [13].

Eucalyptol Tinh du khng mu, v cay mt, chy c. To mi thm cho siro.
Khng tan trong nc. C tnh st trng h hp, gim
Tan trong alcol, cloroform, ether. ho.
o
T trng (25 C): 0,921 0,923 [18].

Siro hng chanh Cht lng snh, mi thm d chu, cay. To mi, v ngt cho siro.
Dn cht pha ch thuc.
Tr ho, long m.

Nc bc h Cht lng trong sut hoc vng nht, mi To mi thm cho siro.
thm bc h. D b mt mi thm do nhit St khun, tr ho, thng mi.
, nh sng, vi sinh vt

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Acid citric Bt kt tinh trng hoc tinh th hay dng Cht chng oxi ho, to v chua cho
ht khng mu. siro.
Rt d tan trong nc, d tan trong ethanol Gim pH, trnh to ta alkaloid c
96%, hi tan trong ether [6]. trong cn aconit.

Natri benzoat Bt kt tinh hay ht hoc mnh mu trng, Cht bo qun chng vi sinh vt.
hi ht m.
D tan trong nc, hi tan trong ethanol
90% [7].

Ethanol 90% Cht lng trong sut, khng mu, d bay Dung mi chit xut dc liu bt
hi, c mi c trng, d chy. u.
Ho ln c vi nc, cloroform, ether, Dung mi ho tan eucalyptol, pha
glycerin. ch siro.
o
T trng biu kin (20 C): 826,4 829,4
3
kg/m [8].

Siro v qut Cht lng snh, vng nht, v ngt, hi c, Nguyn liu pha siro, to mi thm,
thm mi v qut. v ngt, d ung.
o
T trng (25 C): 1,26 1,32 [14]. Tr ho, long m.

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Phn 2: Chun b nguyn liu
DUNG DCH BROMOFORM DC DNG

I. CNG THC

Dung dch bromoform dc dng l dung dch c nng bromoform 10%.

Cng thc gc cho 100 g dung dch bromoform dc dng [12]:

Bromoform 10 g
Glycerin 30 g
Ethanol 90% 60 g

iu ch cho 5 n v siro thuc, cn 5 g dung dch bromoform dc dng.

Vi d tr hao ht, tiu nhm ngh iu ch 10 g dung dch bromoform dc dng. Vy


cng thc iu ch nh sau:

Bromoform 1g
Glycerin 3g
Ethanol 90% 6g

II. C IM CNG THC

Bromoform Cht lng khng mu, nng hn nc (d = 2,887) mi v v


ging cloroform, khng chy. Tan trong cn, ether, cloroform,
benzene, tinh du. Kh tan trong nc [16].
D b phn hu chuyn sang mu vng trong khng kh v nh
sng [17].
L hot cht chnh

Glycerin Ho tan bromoform, c nht cao hn ch s bay hi ca


ethanol 90% v bromoform

Ethanol 90% Hn ho vi glycerin to dung mi ho tan bromoform, nhng


d bay hi

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III. CCH PHA CH

Bng phng php ho tan trong hn hp dung mi, cch pha ch nh sau:

Cn 3 g glycerin v 6 g ethanol 90%, cho vo chai c nt mi, lc u.

Cn 1 g bromoform, cho vo hn hp trn, lc cho tan hon ton.

ng chai, dn nhn.

IV. TNH CHT CA THNH PHM


Dung dch trong, khng mu, c mi v v bromoform, gy t li.

V. BO QUN
Bo qun trong chai mu nu, y kn, ni thong mt, trnh nh sng.

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CN ACONIT

I. DC LIU U
1. u

u l r c m phi hay sy kh ca cy u (Aconitum fortunei Hemsl. hoc


Aconitum carmichaeli Debx.), h Hong lin (Ranunculaceae). L mt dc liu rt c (c
bng A) [13].

Thnh phn ho hc: alkaloid (0,3 0,5%), ch yu l aconitin [15].


Theo Dc in Vit Nam IV, dc liu phi cha t nht 0,6% alkaloid ton phn tnh
theo aconitin.

2. Tnh cht ca aconitin


Aconitin c cu trc diester to thnh t aminoalcol
(aconin) v hai acid (acid citric, acid benzoic), d b thu
phn trong nc acid hoc kim vi nhit cao [15].
Tan trong cloroform, benzen, cn cao . Hu nh
khng tan trong nc [19].

II. TNH CHT CA CN ACONIT [13]

L cn thuc c chit xut t bt u bng phng php ngm kit nh git.


Cm quan: cht lng mu vng nht, v ng v gy cm gic kin cn trn u li. Nu
thm cng mt khi lng nc, dung dch s tr nn c l.
Th c tnh: c ca 1 ml cn thuc phi tng ng c ca 0,15 mg aconitin chun
hoc LD50 cho mi kg th trng chut phi xp x 2,4 ml (gii hn di v trn: 1,6 v 3,2 ml).
o
T trng ca cn aconit 25 C l 0,825 0,855.

III. CNG THC


Thng thng dc liu c c chit bng ethanol 70%. Nhng aconitin l mt alkaloid
d b thu phn, nn dung mi chit l ethanol 90% [2].

Cng thc gc nh sau [11]:


Bt u mn va 100 g
Ethanol 90% v
100 g bt u ngm kit vi ethanol 90%, thu c 800 g dch chit (gp 8 ln dc
liu), tng ng 935 970 ml.

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Nh vy, 45 g bt u mn va c th thu c 360 g dch chit (421 436 ml):
Bt u mn va 45 g
Ethanol 90% v 360 g

Tnh ton lng ethanol 90% s dng

Lm m bt u: 25 30 ml.

Kim tra bnh ngm kit: khong 10 ml.

Do cha bit hm lng alkaloid trong 45 g bt u, tiu nhm (TN) ngh phng
php thm d chung vi cc tiu nhm khc.

C th, thm d nhng ln rt dch chit khc nhau (ln 4, 5, 6 v 7), em th gii hn
cp tc bng phng php Debreuille:
TN5: rt dch chit ln th 4 (180 g dch chit 215 ml)
TN6: rt dch chit ln th 5 (225 g dch chit 270 ml)
TN7: rt dch chit ln th 6 (270 g dch chit 320 ml)
TN8: rt dch chit ln th 7 (315 g dch chit 375 ml)

T xc nh t l dch chit so vi dc liu bao nhiu ln th t gii hn.

Gi s dch chit rt ti a 8 ln dc liu (360 g dch chit) l t gii hn, khi lng
ethanol 90% cn dng khong 430 ml.

Tng lng ethanol 90% dng l: 30 + 10 + 430 = 470 (ml).

Tiu nhm ngh d tr khong 550 ml ethanol 90%.

IV. CCH IU CH
Bt dc liu nn nghin mn va. Khng nghin qu mn, v cc ht bt c th kt t to
thnh ht to hn, dung mi kh thm. Mt khc mng t bo b ph v, khng cn tnh chn lc,
s xy ra s khuch tn ngoi, ko theo tp ln nhiu.

Theo Dc in Vit Nam I, qui trnh iu ch cn u nh sau:

1. Lm m dc liu

Cn 45 g bt u mn va, cho vo becher 250 ml.

Lm m bt dc liu bng 25 30 ml ethanol 90%.

Bao kn becher bng nilon, trong 2 4 gi.

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2. Np dc liu vo bnh ngm kit, ngm lnh

Bnh ngm kit: y bnh c lt mt lp gn, ri mt lp giy lc trnh dc liu chy


theo dch chit lm nght ng rt. Kim tra bnh c chy hay khng bng 10 ml ethanol 90%.

Np dc liu lm m vo khong 2/3 th tch bnh, g nh phn tn u, gt bng


b mt dc liu, khng nn cht.

t mt t giy lc ln b mt dc liu, dng mt vt nh (nh nt thu tinh) ln


trnh dc liu xo trn khi cho dung mi vo.

Thm t t ethanol 90% n ngp dc liu. M kho cho mt t dch chit chy ra nhm
loi bt kh. Phn dch chit li vo bnh.

Lng dung mi ngp mt dc liu, cao hn 2 3 cm. Ngm lnh 24 gi.

3. Rt dch chit

Tc rt dch chit: 1 ml dch chit/pht (iu chnh tc bng ng ong 10 ml).

Trong khi rt dch chit, ch b sung thm ethanol sao cho dung mi lun cao hn mt
dc liu 2 3 cm.

Cc tiu nhm rt dch chit c khong 3/4 lng cn aconit cc t l thm d phn
cng, th khng thm dung mi na, rt ht dch chit v p b, em i th gii hn cp tc bng
phng php Debreuille:

TN5: 3/4 x 215 161 ml TN6: 3/4 x 270 203 ml

TN7: 3/4 x 320 = 240 ml TN8: 3/4 x 375 282 ml

V. S XC NH NHANH GII HN ALKALOID TRONG


CN ACONIT
Theo Dc in Vit Nam I, cn aconit phi cha 0,045 0,055% alkaloid ton phn tnh
theo aconitin.

C th xc nh nhanh gii hn alkaloid bng phng php Debreuille [20], vi thuc th


Mayer 1/10. Bit rng 1 ml thuc th tng ng 0,0021 g aconitin.

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Cch tin hnh theo s sau:

Dch chit cn u

Mu A: 20 g Mu B: 20 g

C cch thu C cch thu

Cn A Cn B

1 ml HCl 10% 1 ml HCl 10%


20 ml nc ct 20 ml nc ct

Mu A Mu B

4,5 ml TT Mayer 1/10 5,5 ml TT Mayer 1/10


Lc loi ta Lc loi ta

Dch lc A Dch lc B

1 ml TT Mayer 1/10 1 ml TT Mayer 1/10

Phi c ta Khng c ta

Bin lun kt qu

Mu A Mu B Kt lun

Ta Ta Hm lng alkaloid ton phn vt qu gii hn


(> 0,055%)
Pha long bng ethanol 90% ri th li gii hn

Ta Khng ta Hm lng alkaloid ton phn nm trong gii hn


cho php
Kt thc rt dch chit

Khng ta Khng ta Hm lng alkaloid ton phn thp hn gii hn


(< 0,045%)
C bt cn hoc chit thm

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NC BC H

Nc bc h l ch phm dng nc thm, cha tinh du Bc h (Oleum Menthae). Trong


phm vi cng, nc bc h c iu ch bng cch ho tan tinh du trong nc.

Lng nc bc h dng cho 1 n v thnh phm l 6 ml ( 6 mg).

Lng nc bc h dng cho 5 n v thnh phm l 6 x 5 = 30 ml.

V tinh du bc h dng lng qu nh, gy kh khn khi cn, nn tiu nhm ngh iu
ch 100 ml nc bc h ( 100 mg) d thao tc.

I. PHNG PHP DNG CN LM CHT TRUNG GIAN HO TAN


Tinh du bc h khng tan trong nc, nhng li tan tt trong cn.
Mt khc, cn c th ho trn vi nc.
V vy c th dng cn lm cht trung gian ho tan tinh du trong nc.

1. Cng thc

iu ch 100 ml nc bc h, tinh du c ho tan theo 2 giai on [3]:

To cn bc h 1% (kl/kl):
Tinh du 0,2 g
Ethanol 90% v 20 g
Pha trong nc:
Cn bc h 1% 3g
Nc ct 97 g

Hm lng tinh du bc h trong nc thm l 0,03%.

2. Cch lm

Cn 0,2 g tinh du cho vo erlen kh sch, thm ethanol 90% va 20 g, lc u, thu


c cn bc h 1%.

Ly 3 g cn bc h 1% cho vo erlen kh sch, thm 97 g nc ct, lc u.

Lc qua giy lc thm nc. ng chai, dn nhn.

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II. PHNG PHP DNG BT TALC LM CHT PHN TN
TINH DU TRONG NC
Bt talc l magnesi silicat hydrat t nhin c la chn v lm thnh bt mn. Vi dng
tinh khit, bt talc c cng thc: Mg3Si4O10(OH)2 [10].

Bt talc c kh nng phn tn tinh du u trong nc nh tng din tch tip xc, nhanh
chng t nng bo ho.
Ch cn dng mt lng tha tinh du v talc hp ph n 60 70% tinh du [3].

1. Cng thc

Cng thc gc [3]:


Tinh du 1g
Nc ct v 1000 g
Bt talc 10 g

Cng thc iu ch 100 ml nc bc h:


Tinh du 0,1 g
Nc ct v 100 g
Bt talc 1g

2. Cch lm
Trn 100 g bt Talc vi 0,1 g tinh du, sau thm nc khuy, lc k.
yn 24 gi, thnh thong khuy, sau lc dung dch qua giy lc thm nc. ng
chai, dn nhn.
H s tan ca tinh du trong nc l 0,05 tng ng vi nng 0,5 g/l [3].

III. PHNG PHP DNG CHT DIN HOT LM TRUNG GIAN


HO TAN
Tween 20 l mt cht din hot khng ion ho, to nh tng du trong nc n nh. Nh
vy c th dng tween 20 l trung gian ho tan tinh du bc h trong nc.

1. Cng thc

Cng thc gc [3]:


Tinh du 2g
Tween 20 20 g
Ethanol 90% 200 g
Nc ct 778 g

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Cng thc iu ch 100 ml nc bc h:
Tinh du 0,2 g
Tween 20 2g
Ethanol 90% 20 g
Nc ct v 100 g

2. Cch lm

Cn 0,2 g tinh du v 2 g tween 20 cho vo erlen c nt mi, y nt, lc u.

Cho 20 g ethanol 90% vo erlen, lc u. Thm nc ct va 100 g, tip tc lc u.

Lc qua giy lc thm nc. ng chai, dn nhn.

IV. PHNG PHP KT HP THEO REMINGTON


1. Cng thc

Cng thc gc [21]:

Nc thm m c:
Tinh du 20 ml
Ethanol 90% 600 ml
Nc ct v 1000 ml
Bt talc 50 g

Nc bc h thu c bng cch pha 1 phn th tch nc thm m c vi 39 phn th


tch nc.

Bt talc trong trng hp ny c vai tr hp ph tinh du cn d.

Nh vy, cng thc iu ch nh sau:

Nc thm m c (50 ml):


Tinh du 1 ml
Ethanol 90% 30 ml
Nc ct v 50 ml
Bt talc 2,5 g

Nc bc h (100 ml):
Nc thm m c 2,5 ml
Nc ct 97,5 ml

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2. Cch lm

Ht 1 ml tinh du bc h bng pipet, ho vo 30 ml ethanol 90% trong erlen c nt mi.


y nt ri lc u.

Thm t t nc ct va 50 ml, lc mnh.

Trn 2,5 g bt talc tit trng vo hn hp trn, lc u. yn trong vi gi, thnh


thong lc u.

Lc qua giy lc c thm nc, thu c nc thm m c.

Ly 2,5 ml nc thm m c cho vo erlen c nt mi. Thm 97,5 ml nc ct. Lc u,


thu c nc bc h.

V. SO SNH GIA CC PHNG PHP

Phng php u im Nhc im

n gin, d lm Hm lng tinh du thp


Phng php dng cn
t tn nguyn liu D b bay hi

Tinh du b hp ph
Phng php dng Hm lng tinh du cao,
mt phn
bt talc mi thm mnh
Pha ch lu

Phng php dng Nc thm bn, C mi, v ng ca


cht din hot bo qun lu cht din hot

Tinh du b hp ph
Phng php kt hp Hm lng tinh du cao,
mt phn
theo Remington mi thm mnh
Pha ch phc tp

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SIRO HNG CHANH

Siro hng chanh c iu ch bng cch ho tan ng vo nc thm hng chanh.


Nh vy, nng ng trong siro c th t 64%.
Lng siro hng chanh dng cho 1 n v thnh phm l 11,25 g.
Lng siro hng chanh dng cho 5 n v thnh phm l 11,25 x 5 = 56,25 g.
trnh hao ht, tiu nhm ngh pha 70 g siro hng chanh c nng ng 64% (gm
25,2 g dch chit v 44,8 g ng saccarose).

I. IU CH NC THM HNG CHANH


1. Cng thc
Dch chit l hng chanh c iu ch bng phng php ct ko hi nc.
Do 1 ml dch chit tng ng vi khong 1 g dc liu, nn cn 25,2 g l hng chanh ti.
thun tin, dng 30 g l hng chanh ti. Vy cng thc nh sau:
L hng chanh ti 30 g
Nc v

2. Cch lm
Cn 30 g l hng chanh ti, ra sch, ct nh, v nh cc ti tit v ra, ri cho vo
bnh cu. Thm nc khong 1/2 bnh cu.
Lp h thng chng ct. Tin hnh ct, thu 30 ml dch chit bng ng ong.
Lc qua giy lc thm t bng nc ct. ng chai, dn nhn.

II. PHA CH SIRO HNG CHANH


1. Cng thc
T l tinh du trong nc thm hng chanh chim rt nh nn c th xem 1 ml nc thm
tng ng 1 g. Cng thc pha siro nh sau:
Nc thm hng chanh 25,2 ml
ng saccarose 44,8 g

2. Cch lm
Ly 25,2 ml nc thm hng chanh cho vo erlen c nt mi. Cn 44,8 g ng, va cho
vo erlen t t va khuy u. y nt.
o
un cch thu (< 60 C) n khi tan hon ton.
o, iu chnh nng ng trong siro bng t trng k hoc ph k Baum.
ng chai, dn nhn.

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SIRO V QUT

Siro v qut c pha ch bng cch phi trn 1 phn dch chit m c v qut vi 9
phn siro n (kl/kl) [1].

Dch chit m c l dng bo ch trung gian c pha ch sn v bo qun trong phng


pha ch.
Nh vy, c th iu ch ch phm t dc liu nhanh chng m khng cn phi bo qun
dc liu trong phng pha ch.
Mt khc, dch chit m c c tiu chun ho v mt vt l, ho hc, nn cc thnh
phm thu c s ng nht v mt cht lng, t ph thuc vo dc liu [1].

I. CNG THC

Cng thc gc iu ch dch chit m c v qut [1]:


V qut ct nh 30 g
Ethanol 80% 30 ml
Ethanol 90% 30 ml
Nc 300 ml
Siro n v 100 g

Lng siro v qut c trong 1 n v thnh phm l 52,838 g.


Vy 5 n v thnh phm cn c 264,19 g siro v qut. d tr hao ht, tiu nhm
ngh pha 300 g siro v qut.

Cng thc iu ch dch chit m c v qut nh sau:


V qut ct nh 9g
Ethanol 80% 9 ml
Ethanol 90% 9 ml
Nc 90 ml
Siro n v 30 g

Cng thc iu ch siro v qut:


Dch chit m c 30 g
Siro n 270 g

20
II. C IM CNG THC

V qut kh V qu chn phi hoc sy kh v lu nm ca cy Qut


(Citrus reticulata Blanco), h Cam (Rutaceae) [11].
(trn b)
Hot cht: tinh du, ch yu l Dlimonen (> 90% tinh du).
Ngoi ra cn c cc flavonoid.
C tc dng tr ho, long m.

Ethanol 80% Dung mi chit xut tinh du v qut

Ethanol 90% Dung mi loi tp phn cc nh pectin, cht nhy trong v qut

Nc Dung mi chit xut flavonoid

Siro n V ngt, to nht, hn ch tinh du bay hi, gip dch chit m


c, iu chnh khi lng thnh phm

III. CCH PHA CH


1. iu ch dch chit m c v qut [1]

Tm cn v qut
V qut em ra sch ri ct nh. Cn 9 g v qut, cho vo erlen c nt mi, tm vi 9 ml
ethanol 80%, y nt v yn trong 12 gi.
o
Sau 12 gi, thm 60 ml nc nng (80 C) vo erlen trn, lc u, yn 12 gi.
Sau 12 gi, gn lc dch chit, ng vo chai (dch chit 1).
o
Thm 30 ml nc nng (80 C) vo phn b cn li trong erlen, lc u, yn 6 gi.

C dch chit v ct cn thm


Sau 6 gi, gn lc ly dch chit 2 t phn b trong erlen, c cch thu trn chn s.
Phn dch chit 1 em i ct cn thm, thu ly 6 ml cn thm.
Gp chung dch chit ct cn thm vi dch chit 2, tip tc c trn chn s.
Dch c cn khong 9 ml, ngui, thm 9 ml ethanol 90%, trn u, cho vo becher, y
kn, bo qun trong t lnh trong 12 gi.

To dch chit m c
Phn dch chit sau khi bo qun lnh em i lc qua gc, thu ly dch chit loi tp.
Gp chung vi 8 ml cn thm, trn u, thu c dch chit c c loi tp.
Thm siro n vo dch chit trn va 30 g, khuy u, thu c dch chit m v
qut. em ng chai, dn nhn.

21
S iu ch dch chit m c t v qut

9 g v qut tm 9 ml ethanol 80%, 12 gi

o
60 ml nc 80 C
12 gi
Gn lc

Dch chit 1 Dc liu chit 1 ln

o
Ct cn thm 30 ml nc 80 C
6 gi
Lc

6 ml cn thm Dch chit ct cn thm Dch chit 2

Hn hp dch chit

C cch thu

9 ml dch c c

9 ml ethanol 90%
lnh 12 gi
Gn lc

Dch chit c c loi tp cht

Siro n

30 g dch chit m c v qut

2. Pha siro v qut

Cn 270 g siro n, cho vo becher.


Cho t t 30 g dch chit m c vo siro n, trn u.
ng chai, dn nhn.

IV. TNH CHT CA THNH PHM


Cht lng snh mu vng nht, hi c, v ngt, c mi thm ca v qut.

V. BO QUN
Bo qun trong chai kn, ni kh ro, thong mt, trnh nh sng.

22
SIRO N

Siro n c dng pha ch siro v qut, bao gm:


Lng siro n trong 30 g dch chit m c chim khong 50%:
30 x 0,5 = 15 (g)
Lng siro n trn vi dch chit m c to siro v qut (1 phn dch chit m c,
9 phn siro n): 270 g
Nh vy tng cng c 285 g siro n c dng.
Tiu nhm ngh d tr 350 g siro n.

I. PHNG PHP HO TAN NGUI


1. Cng thc

Cng thc gc [4]:


ng saccarose 180 g
Nc ct 100 g

Cng thc pha ch 350 siro n:


ng saccarose 225 g
Nc ct 125 g

2. Cch lm
Cn 225 g ng, cho vo becher 500 ml.
o
Cho 125 g nc ct vo, khuy u (c th gia nhit khng qu 60 C) cho tan hon ton.
Lc siro qua ti vi sch.
o
o t trng ca siro n 20 C, iu chnh nu cn.
ng chai, dn nhn.

II. PHNG PHP HO TAN NNG


1. Cng thc
Cng thc gc [4]:
ng saccarose 165 g
Nc ct 100 g
Cng thc pha ch 350 siro n:
ng saccarose 224 g
Nc ct 136 g

23
2. Cch lm
Cn 136 g nc ct, cho vo becher 500 ml. un si trn bp n khi nc si bt (khong
o
80 C).
Cn 224 g ng, va cho t t vo becher trn va khuy n khi tan ht.
o
Tip tc un 105 C trong 2 3 pht. Tt bp, lc nng qua ti vi sch.
o
ngui n 20 C, o t trng ca siro n, iu chnh nu cn.
ng chai, dn nhn.

III. PHNG PHP PHA CH THEO DC IN M (USP)


1. Cng thc

Cng thc gc [22]:


ng saccarose 850 g
Nc ct v 1000 ml
o
Khi lng ca 1000 ml siro n 20 C l 1314 g [4].

thun tin, tiu nhm ngh pha 300 ml siro n, cng thc nh sau
ng saccarose 255 g
Nc ct v 300 ml

2. Cch lm
Chun b bnh ngm kit thch hp, c bnh c lp gn thm nc. Cn 255 g ng,
cho vo bnh.
t t khong 135 ml nc ct (c th dng nc si) vo bnh, iu chnh dng chy
cho u n khi ng tan ht. Phn dch lc ra u tin c th li vo bnh.
Trng li bnh ngm kit, lp gn. B sung nc va 300 ml.
o
o t trng ca siro n 20 C, iu chnh nu cn.
ng chai, dn nhn.

IV. PHNG PHP PHA CH THEO DC IN ANH (BP)


1. Cng thc

Cng thc gc [23]:


ng saccarose 667 g
Nc ct v 1000 g
o
Siro n phi c khi lng ring 20 C l 1,315 1,333 g/ml.

24
Cng thc pha ch 350 siro n:
ng saccarose 233 g
Nc ct v 350 g

2. Cch lm
Cn 233 g ng, cho vo becher ln.
un ng vi lng nc ct thch hp, khuy u cho tan hon ton. B sung nc ct
un si va 350 g.
o
ngui n 20 C, o t trng ca siro n, iu chnh nu cn.
ng chai, dn nhn.

V. TNH CHT CA SIRO N


L dung dch ng trng gn bo ho trong nc, c nng ng 64% (kl/kl).
Cht lng snh, khng mu, v ngt.
o o
T trng ca siro n: 1,32 ( 20 C); 1,26 ( 105 C).

o t trng ca siro n
C mi tng quan gia t trng v nng ng trong siro n [4]:

Nng ng % T trng siro


65 1,3207
64 1,3146
60 1,2906
55 1,2614

Dng c o t trng ca siro n l ph k Baum hoc t trng k.

iu chnh nng ng:

Siro m c hn qui nh: tin hnh pha long vi nc


Khi o t trng bng ph k Baum, lng nc cn dng pha long l [4]:
E = 0,033 x S x D
Vi E: lng nc cn dng pha long (g)
S: khi lng siro (g)
o
D: s Baum vt qu 35

25
Baum T trng siro Baum T trng siro
o o
30 1,2624 34 1,3082
o o
31 1,2736 34,5 1,3100
o o
32 1,2849 35 1,3202
o o
33 1,2964 36 1,3324

Bng tng quan gia Baum v t trng siro

Khi o bng t trng k, lng nc cn dng pha long l [4]:

a.d 2 d1 d
X
d1 d d 2

Vi X: lng nc cn thm (g)


a: lng siro cn pha long (g)
d1: t trng ca siro cn pha long
d: t trng cn t n
d2: t trng ca dung mi pha long (d2 = 1 nu l nc)

Siro long hn qui nh: tin hnh thm ng


Gi lng ng cn thm l m (g)
khi lng siro long l m1 (g)
khi lng siro sau khi thm ng t t trng 1,32 l m2 (g)
t trng ca siro cn thm ng l d
th tch ca siro n l V (ml)
Gi s th tch ca siro khng thay i nhiu sau khi thm ng, nn:
m1 = d x V
m2 = 1,32 x V

Suy ra lng ng cn thm l:


m = m1 m2 = (d 1,32) x V

VI. BO QUN
Bo qun trong chai kn, ni thong mt.

26
EUCALYTOL

Lng eucalyptol dng trong 1 n v thnh phm siro l 0,012 g.

Lng eucalyptol dng trong 5 n v thnh phm siro l 0,012 x 5 = 0,06 g.

Nhng v 0,06 g l mt lng nh, khng cn ong chnh xc c, nn phi pha ch dung
dch m trc.

Eucalyptol khng tan trong nc, trn ln c trong cn, cloroform, ether [18]. thun
tin, tiu nhm s dng ethanol 90% lm dung mi, v pha dung dch m 10%.

I. CNG THC
Cng thc iu ch dung dch eucalyptol 10% (kl/tt):

Eucalyptol 1g

Ethanol 90% v 10 ml

II. CCH PHA CH


Cn 1 g eucalyptol, cho vo erlen kh sch.

Thm t t ethanol 90% va 10 ml, lc u cho tan ht.

Lc qua giy xp. ng chai, dn nhn.

27
ETHANOL 90%

I. S LNG IU CH
o 3
T trng biu kin ca ethanol 90% 20 C: 826,4 829,4 kg/m [8].
Lng ethanol 90% c trong cng thc 1 n v siro l 3 g.
Nn lng ethanol 90% c trong cng thc 5 n v siro l 15 g ( 18 ml).
Trong dung dch eucalyptol 10%, dng 10 ml ethanol 90%.
Vy lng ethanol 90% cn li trong cng thc 5 n v siro l 8 ml

Giai on iu ch S lng cn cn dng

Dung dch bromoform dc dng


Ethanol 90% 6 g ( 7,2 ml)
Cn aconit
Ethanol 90% 550 ml
Siro v qut
Ethanol 90% 18 ml
Ethanol 80% 9 ml
Nc bc h
Phng php dng cn
Ethanol 90% 20 g ( 24,2 ml)
Phng php dng cht din hot
Ethanol 90% 20 g ( 24,2 ml)
Phng php kt hp theo Remington
Ethanol 90% 30 ml

Dung dch eucalyptol 10% (kl/tt) 10 ml

Trong cng thc 5 n v siro 8 ml

Tng
Ethanol 90% 671,6 ml
Ethanol 80% 18 ml

Tiu nhm ngh pha 700 ml ethanol 90%, 30 ml ethanol 80%.

28
II. CNG THC TNH V CCH PHA CN
o
cn tht: nng cn (tt/tt) o 15 C.
o
cn biu kin: nng cn (tt/tt) o nhit khc 15 C.

1. Cch o cn

Rt cn cao vo ng ong mt lng ln, th nh cho cn k ni t do (khng chm


vo thnh v y ng ong), c cn biu kin.

Nhng nhit k vo ng ong sao bu thu ngn ngp su trong cn, c nhit (khi mc
thu ngn khng cn dch chuyn).

Tnh ton cn tht [2]:

Nu cn biu kin trn 56%: tra bng Gay Lussac

Nu cn biu kin 25 56%: p dng cng thc


X = C + 0,4(15 t)

Vi X: cn tht
C: cn biu kin
t: nhit ca cn thi im o

2. Pha cn

p dng cng thc tnh:


V2 x C2
V1 x C1 V2 x C2 V1
C1

Vi V1: th tch ethanol nguyn liu V2: th tch ethanol cn pha

C1: cn ca ethanol nguyn liu C2: cn ca ethanol cn pha

Vy lng ethanol nguyn liu (A) pha 700 ml ethanol 90% l:

700 x 90 63000
A (ml)
C1 C1

Lng ethanol nguyn liu (B) pha 25 ml ethanol 80% l:

30 x 80 2400
B (ml)
C1 C1

29
Cng thc pha cn 90%:
Ethanol nguyn liu A ml
Nc ct v 700 ml

Ly A ml ethanol nguyn liu bng ng ong, thm nc ct va 700 ml, khuy u.

Cng thc pha cn 80%:


Ethanol nguyn liu B ml
Nc ct v 30 ml

Ly B ml ethanol nguyn liu bng ng ong, thm nc ct va 30 ml, khuy u.

3. Kim tra li cn

Dc in Vit Nam IV qui nh [8]:

Ethanol 90% phi c hm lng t 89,6% n 90,5% (tt/tt).

Ethanol 80% phi c hm lng t 79,5% n 80,3% (tt/tt).

Nu cn t qui nh ca Dc in, tin hnh ng chai, dn nhn.

Nu cn cao hn cn cn pha: tin hnh pha long vi nc ct va n V2.

V1 x C1
V2 (ml)
C2

Vi V1: th tch ethanol c cn khng t

V2: th tch ethanol cn pha

C1: cn ca ethanol khng t

C2: cn ca ethanol cn pha

V d: Pha 700 ml ethanol 90% t ethanol 96%, nhng kim tra li cn l 92%.

S ml ethanol cn pha l:
700 x 92
V2 715,56 (ml)
90
Thm nc ct vo 700 ml ethanol 92% n va 715,56 ml, thu c ethanol 90%.

30
Nu cn thp hn cn cn pha: tin hnh thm V2 ml ethanol cao .
p dng phng php ng cho:

V2 C2 C C1

V1 C1 C2 C

Suy ra cng thc tnh:


V2 C C1 C C1
V2 V1 x (ml)
V1 C2 C C2 C
Vi V1: th tch ethanol c cn khng t
V2: th tch ethanol cao cn thm
C1: cn ca ethanol khng t
C2: cn ca ethanol cao
C: cn cn pha

V d: Pha 700 ml ethanol 90% t ethanol 96%, nhng kim tra li cn ch cn 87%.

S ml ethanol 96% cn thm l:


90 87
V2 700 x 350 (ml)
96 90
ong 350 ml ethanol 96%, cho vo 700 ml ethanol 87% trn, thu c ethanol 90%.

31
Phn 3: iu ch siro thuc

I. CNG THC HON CHNH


Do dung dch eucalyptol 10% dng 10 ml ethanol 90% (khong 8,28 g) pha, nn
cng thc ca 5 n v siro ch cn 6,72 g.

Cng thc thuc hon chnh ca 5 n v thnh phm siro:


Dung dch Bromoform dc dng 5g
Cn Aconit ba phy nm gam
Dung dch Eucalyptol 10% (kl/tt) 0,6 ml
Siro hng chanh 56,25 g
Nc bc h 30 ml
Acid citric 0,5 g
Natri benzoat 0,5 g
Ethanol 90% 6,72 g
Siro v qut v 375 g

II. CCH IU CH

1. Mt s nguyn tc trong iu ch

Khng pha chung acid citric v natri benzoat trong lng dung mi t s to ta.

Cc dung dch cn phi pha chung vi nhau, trnh gim cn t ngt.

Do c cn aconit, cn trn k vi siro n trnh to ta.

Mt khc, alkaloid trong cn aconit dng base s ta trong nc. Cn mi trng acid
chuyn alkaloid sang dng mui, tan c. V vy cn aconit nn pha vi acid citric.

2. Tin hnh

Becher 50 ml (1):
Cn 5 g dung dch bromoform dc dng, 3,5 g cn aconit cho vo becher 50 ml sch kh.
Ht 0,6 ml dung dch eucalyptol 10% bng pipet cho vo becher trn.
Thm 0,5 g acid citric vo, khuy tht u cho tan ht.

32
Becher 500 ml (2):
Cho 180 g siro v qut vo becher 500 ml sch kh.
Sau va cho t t hn hp (1) vo va khuy u, k n khi ng nht.
Tip tc cho t t 56,25 g siro hng chanh vo, khuy u.

Erlen 100 ml c nt mi (3):


Cn 0,5 g natri benzoat, cho vo erlen 100 ml sch, kh, c nt mi.
Thm 6,72 g ethanol 90%, 30 ml nc bc h vo erlen. y nt, lc u cho tan ht.

Becher 1000 ml:


t mt becher 1000 ml sch, kh ln cn, iu chnh v 0 (TARE).
(2), (3) vo becher ny. Dng siro v qut trng tt c becher, erlen. Thm siro v qut
cho n va 375 g, khuy u cho n khi hn hp ng nht.
Chia u 375 g vo 5 chai sch, mi chai 75 g. y np, dn nhn.

III. NHN THNH PHM

KHOA DC I HC Y DC TP. HCM


41 43 inh Tin Hong, Phng Bn Ngh, Qun 1, TP. H Ch minh

SIRO TR HO
Chai 75 g
Cng thc:
Dung dch Bromoform dc dng 1g
Cn Aconit by trm miligam
Eucalyptol 0,012 g
Siro hng chanh 15% (kl/kl)
Nc bc h 6 ml
Acid citric 0,1 g
Natri benzoat 0,1 g
Ethanol 90% 3,0 g
Siro v qut v 75 g

Cng dng: tr ho, long m S l SX: SK:


Cch dng: ung Ngy SX:
KBQ: y kn, ni thong mt Hn dng:

C K HNG DN S DNG TRC KHI DNG

33
K HOCH THC TP

Tun Ni dung cng vic

Tun 1
Th 5 (10/11) Sa cng
Pha cn 90%
Pha siro n

Tun 2
Th 4 (16/11) 6h: Tm cn v qut vi 9 ml ethanol 80%, 12 gi
18h: Thm nc nng vo cn v qut, 12 gi

Th 5 (17/11) 6h: Gn lc thu dch chit 1, em ct 6 ml cn thm, ng chai


Thm nc nng vo b qut, ngm 6 gi
Lm m bt u trong 3 gi
9h: Ngm lnh cn u trong 24 gi
12h: Gn lc thu dch chit 2, trn chung vi dch chit ct cn
ri em c cch thu, thu hn hp dch chit, bo qun lnh
trong 24 gi

Th 6 (18/11) 9h: Rt dch chit cn u


13h: Th gii hn alkaloid trong cn u
Trn hn hp dch chit lm lnh vi cn thm, thm siro
n va to siro v qut

Tun 3
Th 6 (25/11) Pha siro hng chanh
Pha dung dch bromoform dc dng

Tun 4 Pha nc thm bc h


Th 6 (2/12) Pha dung dch eucalyptol 10%
iu ch 5 n v thnh phm siro
nh gi v kim tra thnh phm

34
TI LIU THAM KHO

Ti liu ting Vit

1. L Th Thu Vn, Trn Anh V, Cc dng thuc bo ch bng phng php ho tan chit
xut, Bo ch v Sinh dc hc Tp 1, NXB Y hc, 2014, tr. 295296.

2. L Th Thu Vn, Trn Anh V, Cc dng thuc bo ch bng phng php ho tan chit
xut, Bo ch v Sinh dc hc Tp 1, NXB Y hc, 2014, tr. 303.

3. L Quan Nghim, Trn Anh V, Trn Vn Thnh, Dung dch thuc, Bo ch v Sinh dc
hc Tp 1, NXB Y hc, 2014, tr. 9596.

4. L Quan Nghim, Trn Anh V, Trn Vn Thnh, Dung dch thuc, Bo ch v Sinh dc
hc Tp 1, NXB Y hc, 2014, tr. 98101.

5. B Y t, Siro thuc, Dc in Vit Nam IV, NXB Y hc, 2009, tr. PL-11

6. B Y t, Acid citric ngm mt phn t nc, Dc in Vit Nam IV, NXB Y hc, 2009, tr.
17.

7. B Y t, Natri benzoat, Dc in Vit Nam IV, NXB Y hc, 2009, tr. 413.

8. B Y t, Ethanol, Dc in Vit Nam IV, NXB Y hc, 2009, tr. 246.

9. B Y t, u, Dc in Vit Nam IV, NXB Y hc, 2009, tr. 857.

10. B Y t, Bt talc, Dc in Vit Nam IV, NXB Y hc, 2009, tr. 104.

11. B Y t, Trn b, Dc in Vit Nam IV, NXB Y hc, 2009, tr. 922.

12. B Y t, Dung dch bromoform dc dng, Dc in Vit Nam I Tp 1, NXB Y hc, 1971,
tr. 210.

13. B Y t, Cn u, Dc in Vit Nam I Tp 1, NXB Y hc, 1971, tr. 176.

14. B Y t, Siro v qut, Dc in Vit Nam I Tp 1, NXB Y hc, 1971, tr. 649.

15. Phm Thanh K, Dc liu cha alcaloid, Dc liu hc tp II, NXB Y hc, 2007, tr. 163.

35
Ti liu ting nc ngoi

16. Michael D. Larranga, Richard J. Lewis Sr., Robert A. Lewis (ed.), Bromoform. Hawley's
th
Condensed Chemical Dictionary, 16 ed., New Jersey: John Wiley & Sons, 2016, p. 207.

17. Budavari, S. (ed.), Bromoform. The Merck Index An Encyclopedia of Chemicals, Drugs,
and Biologicals. Whitehouse Station, NJ: Merck and Co., Inc., 1996, p. 232.

18. Michael D. Larranga, Richard J. Lewis Sr., Robert A. Lewis (ed.), Eucalyptol. Hawley's
th
Condensed Chemical Dictionary, 16 ed., New Jersey: John Wiley & Sons, 2016, p. 600.

19. K. Paech, M. V. Tracey (ed.), Modern Methods of Plant Analysis Vol. IV, Berlin: Springer
Verlag OHG., 1980, p. 375.

20. Roger Debreuille, Procd rapide de dosage limite des alcalodes dans les Prparations du
codex, 1927.

21. Linda Felton (ed.), Aromatic waters. Remington: Essentials of Pharmaceutics, London:
st
Pharmaceutical Press, 1 ed., 2013, p. 439.

22. United States Pharmacopoeial Convention, Syrup. United States Pharmacopoeia 30, 2007,
p. 1233.

23. British Pharmacopoeia Commission, Formulated Preparations: Specific Monographs,


Syrup. British Pharmacopoeia 2009 Vol. III, 2009.

36

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