Professional Documents
Culture Documents
SIRO THUC
2 Trn Gia Lc
Phn 1: i cng
I. CNG THC
.................................................................................................................................... 5
II. TNH CHT, VAI TR CA CC CHT TRONG CNG THC
.................................................................................................................................... 7
CN ACONIT 11
I. DC LIU U
................................................................................................................................... 11
II. TNH CHT CA CN ACONIT
................................................................................................................................... 11
III. CNG THC
................................................................................................................................... 11
IV. CCH IU CH
................................................................................................................................... 12
V. S XC NH NHANH GII HN ALKALOID TRONG CN ACONIT
................................................................................................................................... 13
2
NC THM BC H 15
I. PHNG PHP DNG CN LM CHT TRUNG GIAN HO TAN
................................................................................................................................... 15
II. PHNG PHP DNG BT TALC LM CHT PHN TN
................................................................................................................................... 16
III. PHNG PHP DNG CHT DIN HOT LM TRUNG GIAN HO TAN
................................................................................................................................... 16
IV. PHNG PHP KT HP THEO REMINGTON
................................................................................................................................... 17
V. SO SNH GIA CC PHNG PHP
................................................................................................................................... 18
SIRO V QUT 20
I. CNG THC
................................................................................................................................... 20
II. C IM CNG THC
................................................................................................................................... 21
III. CCH PHA CH
................................................................................................................................... 21
IV. TNH CHT CA THNH PHM
................................................................................................................................... 22
IV. BO QUN
................................................................................................................................... 22
SIRO N 23
I. PHNG PHP HO TAN NGUI
................................................................................................................................... 23
II. PHNG PHP HO TAN NNG
................................................................................................................................... 23
III. PHNG PHP IU CH THEO DC IN M
................................................................................................................................... 24
IV. PHNG PHP IU CH THEO DC IN ANH
................................................................................................................................... 24
3
III. TNH CHT CA SIRO N
................................................................................................................................... 25
IV. BO QUN
................................................................................................................................... 26
EUCALYPTOL 27
I. CNG THC
................................................................................................................................... 27
II. CCH PHA CH
................................................................................................................................... 27
ETHANOL 90% 28
I. S LNG IU CH
................................................................................................................................... 28
II. CCH O CN V PHA CN
................................................................................................................................... 29
K HOCH THC TP
................................................................................................................................... 34
4
Phn 1: i cng
I. CNG THC
Cng thc thuc ca 1 n v thnh phm siro thuc:
Dung dch Bromoform dc dng 1g
Cn Aconit by trm miligam
Eucalyptol 0,012 g
Siro hng chanh 15% (kl/kl)
Nc bc h 6 ml
Acid citric 0,1 g
Natri benzoat 0,1 g
Ethanol 90% 3,0 g
Siro v qut v 75 g
Cng thc trn l dng siro thuc, dng ng ung, c cu trc dung dch, dng bo ch
a liu.
Chng minh
5
Siro v qut bao gm 1 phn dch chit m c vi 9 phn siro n (kl/kl) [1].
Nh vy:
Siro n c nng ng saccarose trong nc tinh khit l 64% (kl/kl) [5]. Vy lng
ng trong siro n l:
50,1961 x 0,64 = 32,1255 (g)
39,3255
x 100 52, 43%
75
Theo Dc in Vit Nam IV, siro thuc l dung dch ung hay hn dch c nng cao
ng trng trong nc tinh khit, cha dc cht hoc cc dch chit t dc liu [5].
Ch phm trn dng dung dch, c nng ng cao (52,43%), v ngt, cha dc cht
tr ho, gim au hng nh dung dch bromoform dc dng, cn aconit, cc tinh du trong siro
hng chanh, siro v qut, eucalyptol,
Nh vy, ch phm trn l dng siro thuc, dng ng ung, c cu trc dung dch, dng
bo ch a liu.
6
u im Nhc im
Bromoform Dung dch bromoform 10%, khng mu, v Hot cht: chng co tht c trn,
dc dng ngt t li (v bromoform). gim ho, st khun.
D tan trong nc.
o
T trng (20 C) 1 [12].
Cn Aconit Cht lng mu nu, v ng, gy cm gic Hot cht: gim au, tr ho, vim
kin cn u li. hng.
Nu thm cng mt lng nc, dung dch
tr nn c.
o
T trng (25 C): 0,825 0,855 [13].
Eucalyptol Tinh du khng mu, v cay mt, chy c. To mi thm cho siro.
Khng tan trong nc. C tnh st trng h hp, gim
Tan trong alcol, cloroform, ether. ho.
o
T trng (25 C): 0,921 0,923 [18].
Siro hng chanh Cht lng snh, mi thm d chu, cay. To mi, v ngt cho siro.
Dn cht pha ch thuc.
Tr ho, long m.
Nc bc h Cht lng trong sut hoc vng nht, mi To mi thm cho siro.
thm bc h. D b mt mi thm do nhit St khun, tr ho, thng mi.
, nh sng, vi sinh vt
7
Acid citric Bt kt tinh trng hoc tinh th hay dng Cht chng oxi ho, to v chua cho
ht khng mu. siro.
Rt d tan trong nc, d tan trong ethanol Gim pH, trnh to ta alkaloid c
96%, hi tan trong ether [6]. trong cn aconit.
Natri benzoat Bt kt tinh hay ht hoc mnh mu trng, Cht bo qun chng vi sinh vt.
hi ht m.
D tan trong nc, hi tan trong ethanol
90% [7].
Ethanol 90% Cht lng trong sut, khng mu, d bay Dung mi chit xut dc liu bt
hi, c mi c trng, d chy. u.
Ho ln c vi nc, cloroform, ether, Dung mi ho tan eucalyptol, pha
glycerin. ch siro.
o
T trng biu kin (20 C): 826,4 829,4
3
kg/m [8].
Siro v qut Cht lng snh, vng nht, v ngt, hi c, Nguyn liu pha siro, to mi thm,
thm mi v qut. v ngt, d ung.
o
T trng (25 C): 1,26 1,32 [14]. Tr ho, long m.
8
Phn 2: Chun b nguyn liu
DUNG DCH BROMOFORM DC DNG
I. CNG THC
Bromoform 10 g
Glycerin 30 g
Ethanol 90% 60 g
Bromoform 1g
Glycerin 3g
Ethanol 90% 6g
9
III. CCH PHA CH
Bng phng php ho tan trong hn hp dung mi, cch pha ch nh sau:
ng chai, dn nhn.
V. BO QUN
Bo qun trong chai mu nu, y kn, ni thong mt, trnh nh sng.
10
CN ACONIT
I. DC LIU U
1. u
11
Nh vy, 45 g bt u mn va c th thu c 360 g dch chit (421 436 ml):
Bt u mn va 45 g
Ethanol 90% v 360 g
Lm m bt u: 25 30 ml.
Do cha bit hm lng alkaloid trong 45 g bt u, tiu nhm (TN) ngh phng
php thm d chung vi cc tiu nhm khc.
C th, thm d nhng ln rt dch chit khc nhau (ln 4, 5, 6 v 7), em th gii hn
cp tc bng phng php Debreuille:
TN5: rt dch chit ln th 4 (180 g dch chit 215 ml)
TN6: rt dch chit ln th 5 (225 g dch chit 270 ml)
TN7: rt dch chit ln th 6 (270 g dch chit 320 ml)
TN8: rt dch chit ln th 7 (315 g dch chit 375 ml)
Gi s dch chit rt ti a 8 ln dc liu (360 g dch chit) l t gii hn, khi lng
ethanol 90% cn dng khong 430 ml.
IV. CCH IU CH
Bt dc liu nn nghin mn va. Khng nghin qu mn, v cc ht bt c th kt t to
thnh ht to hn, dung mi kh thm. Mt khc mng t bo b ph v, khng cn tnh chn lc,
s xy ra s khuch tn ngoi, ko theo tp ln nhiu.
1. Lm m dc liu
12
2. Np dc liu vo bnh ngm kit, ngm lnh
Thm t t ethanol 90% n ngp dc liu. M kho cho mt t dch chit chy ra nhm
loi bt kh. Phn dch chit li vo bnh.
3. Rt dch chit
Trong khi rt dch chit, ch b sung thm ethanol sao cho dung mi lun cao hn mt
dc liu 2 3 cm.
Cc tiu nhm rt dch chit c khong 3/4 lng cn aconit cc t l thm d phn
cng, th khng thm dung mi na, rt ht dch chit v p b, em i th gii hn cp tc bng
phng php Debreuille:
13
Cch tin hnh theo s sau:
Dch chit cn u
Mu A: 20 g Mu B: 20 g
Cn A Cn B
Mu A Mu B
Dch lc A Dch lc B
Phi c ta Khng c ta
Bin lun kt qu
Mu A Mu B Kt lun
14
NC BC H
V tinh du bc h dng lng qu nh, gy kh khn khi cn, nn tiu nhm ngh iu
ch 100 ml nc bc h ( 100 mg) d thao tc.
1. Cng thc
To cn bc h 1% (kl/kl):
Tinh du 0,2 g
Ethanol 90% v 20 g
Pha trong nc:
Cn bc h 1% 3g
Nc ct 97 g
2. Cch lm
15
II. PHNG PHP DNG BT TALC LM CHT PHN TN
TINH DU TRONG NC
Bt talc l magnesi silicat hydrat t nhin c la chn v lm thnh bt mn. Vi dng
tinh khit, bt talc c cng thc: Mg3Si4O10(OH)2 [10].
Bt talc c kh nng phn tn tinh du u trong nc nh tng din tch tip xc, nhanh
chng t nng bo ho.
Ch cn dng mt lng tha tinh du v talc hp ph n 60 70% tinh du [3].
1. Cng thc
2. Cch lm
Trn 100 g bt Talc vi 0,1 g tinh du, sau thm nc khuy, lc k.
yn 24 gi, thnh thong khuy, sau lc dung dch qua giy lc thm nc. ng
chai, dn nhn.
H s tan ca tinh du trong nc l 0,05 tng ng vi nng 0,5 g/l [3].
1. Cng thc
16
Cng thc iu ch 100 ml nc bc h:
Tinh du 0,2 g
Tween 20 2g
Ethanol 90% 20 g
Nc ct v 100 g
2. Cch lm
Nc thm m c:
Tinh du 20 ml
Ethanol 90% 600 ml
Nc ct v 1000 ml
Bt talc 50 g
Nc bc h (100 ml):
Nc thm m c 2,5 ml
Nc ct 97,5 ml
17
2. Cch lm
Tinh du b hp ph
Phng php dng Hm lng tinh du cao,
mt phn
bt talc mi thm mnh
Pha ch lu
Tinh du b hp ph
Phng php kt hp Hm lng tinh du cao,
mt phn
theo Remington mi thm mnh
Pha ch phc tp
18
SIRO HNG CHANH
2. Cch lm
Cn 30 g l hng chanh ti, ra sch, ct nh, v nh cc ti tit v ra, ri cho vo
bnh cu. Thm nc khong 1/2 bnh cu.
Lp h thng chng ct. Tin hnh ct, thu 30 ml dch chit bng ng ong.
Lc qua giy lc thm t bng nc ct. ng chai, dn nhn.
2. Cch lm
Ly 25,2 ml nc thm hng chanh cho vo erlen c nt mi. Cn 44,8 g ng, va cho
vo erlen t t va khuy u. y nt.
o
un cch thu (< 60 C) n khi tan hon ton.
o, iu chnh nng ng trong siro bng t trng k hoc ph k Baum.
ng chai, dn nhn.
19
SIRO V QUT
Siro v qut c pha ch bng cch phi trn 1 phn dch chit m c v qut vi 9
phn siro n (kl/kl) [1].
I. CNG THC
20
II. C IM CNG THC
Ethanol 90% Dung mi loi tp phn cc nh pectin, cht nhy trong v qut
Tm cn v qut
V qut em ra sch ri ct nh. Cn 9 g v qut, cho vo erlen c nt mi, tm vi 9 ml
ethanol 80%, y nt v yn trong 12 gi.
o
Sau 12 gi, thm 60 ml nc nng (80 C) vo erlen trn, lc u, yn 12 gi.
Sau 12 gi, gn lc dch chit, ng vo chai (dch chit 1).
o
Thm 30 ml nc nng (80 C) vo phn b cn li trong erlen, lc u, yn 6 gi.
To dch chit m c
Phn dch chit sau khi bo qun lnh em i lc qua gc, thu ly dch chit loi tp.
Gp chung vi 8 ml cn thm, trn u, thu c dch chit c c loi tp.
Thm siro n vo dch chit trn va 30 g, khuy u, thu c dch chit m v
qut. em ng chai, dn nhn.
21
S iu ch dch chit m c t v qut
o
60 ml nc 80 C
12 gi
Gn lc
o
Ct cn thm 30 ml nc 80 C
6 gi
Lc
Hn hp dch chit
C cch thu
9 ml dch c c
9 ml ethanol 90%
lnh 12 gi
Gn lc
Siro n
V. BO QUN
Bo qun trong chai kn, ni kh ro, thong mt, trnh nh sng.
22
SIRO N
2. Cch lm
Cn 225 g ng, cho vo becher 500 ml.
o
Cho 125 g nc ct vo, khuy u (c th gia nhit khng qu 60 C) cho tan hon ton.
Lc siro qua ti vi sch.
o
o t trng ca siro n 20 C, iu chnh nu cn.
ng chai, dn nhn.
23
2. Cch lm
Cn 136 g nc ct, cho vo becher 500 ml. un si trn bp n khi nc si bt (khong
o
80 C).
Cn 224 g ng, va cho t t vo becher trn va khuy n khi tan ht.
o
Tip tc un 105 C trong 2 3 pht. Tt bp, lc nng qua ti vi sch.
o
ngui n 20 C, o t trng ca siro n, iu chnh nu cn.
ng chai, dn nhn.
thun tin, tiu nhm ngh pha 300 ml siro n, cng thc nh sau
ng saccarose 255 g
Nc ct v 300 ml
2. Cch lm
Chun b bnh ngm kit thch hp, c bnh c lp gn thm nc. Cn 255 g ng,
cho vo bnh.
t t khong 135 ml nc ct (c th dng nc si) vo bnh, iu chnh dng chy
cho u n khi ng tan ht. Phn dch lc ra u tin c th li vo bnh.
Trng li bnh ngm kit, lp gn. B sung nc va 300 ml.
o
o t trng ca siro n 20 C, iu chnh nu cn.
ng chai, dn nhn.
24
Cng thc pha ch 350 siro n:
ng saccarose 233 g
Nc ct v 350 g
2. Cch lm
Cn 233 g ng, cho vo becher ln.
un ng vi lng nc ct thch hp, khuy u cho tan hon ton. B sung nc ct
un si va 350 g.
o
ngui n 20 C, o t trng ca siro n, iu chnh nu cn.
ng chai, dn nhn.
o t trng ca siro n
C mi tng quan gia t trng v nng ng trong siro n [4]:
25
Baum T trng siro Baum T trng siro
o o
30 1,2624 34 1,3082
o o
31 1,2736 34,5 1,3100
o o
32 1,2849 35 1,3202
o o
33 1,2964 36 1,3324
a.d 2 d1 d
X
d1 d d 2
VI. BO QUN
Bo qun trong chai kn, ni thong mt.
26
EUCALYTOL
Nhng v 0,06 g l mt lng nh, khng cn ong chnh xc c, nn phi pha ch dung
dch m trc.
Eucalyptol khng tan trong nc, trn ln c trong cn, cloroform, ether [18]. thun
tin, tiu nhm s dng ethanol 90% lm dung mi, v pha dung dch m 10%.
I. CNG THC
Cng thc iu ch dung dch eucalyptol 10% (kl/tt):
Eucalyptol 1g
Ethanol 90% v 10 ml
27
ETHANOL 90%
I. S LNG IU CH
o 3
T trng biu kin ca ethanol 90% 20 C: 826,4 829,4 kg/m [8].
Lng ethanol 90% c trong cng thc 1 n v siro l 3 g.
Nn lng ethanol 90% c trong cng thc 5 n v siro l 15 g ( 18 ml).
Trong dung dch eucalyptol 10%, dng 10 ml ethanol 90%.
Vy lng ethanol 90% cn li trong cng thc 5 n v siro l 8 ml
Tng
Ethanol 90% 671,6 ml
Ethanol 80% 18 ml
28
II. CNG THC TNH V CCH PHA CN
o
cn tht: nng cn (tt/tt) o 15 C.
o
cn biu kin: nng cn (tt/tt) o nhit khc 15 C.
1. Cch o cn
Nhng nhit k vo ng ong sao bu thu ngn ngp su trong cn, c nhit (khi mc
thu ngn khng cn dch chuyn).
Vi X: cn tht
C: cn biu kin
t: nhit ca cn thi im o
2. Pha cn
700 x 90 63000
A (ml)
C1 C1
30 x 80 2400
B (ml)
C1 C1
29
Cng thc pha cn 90%:
Ethanol nguyn liu A ml
Nc ct v 700 ml
3. Kim tra li cn
V1 x C1
V2 (ml)
C2
V d: Pha 700 ml ethanol 90% t ethanol 96%, nhng kim tra li cn l 92%.
S ml ethanol cn pha l:
700 x 92
V2 715,56 (ml)
90
Thm nc ct vo 700 ml ethanol 92% n va 715,56 ml, thu c ethanol 90%.
30
Nu cn thp hn cn cn pha: tin hnh thm V2 ml ethanol cao .
p dng phng php ng cho:
V2 C2 C C1
V1 C1 C2 C
V d: Pha 700 ml ethanol 90% t ethanol 96%, nhng kim tra li cn ch cn 87%.
31
Phn 3: iu ch siro thuc
II. CCH IU CH
1. Mt s nguyn tc trong iu ch
Khng pha chung acid citric v natri benzoat trong lng dung mi t s to ta.
Mt khc, alkaloid trong cn aconit dng base s ta trong nc. Cn mi trng acid
chuyn alkaloid sang dng mui, tan c. V vy cn aconit nn pha vi acid citric.
2. Tin hnh
Becher 50 ml (1):
Cn 5 g dung dch bromoform dc dng, 3,5 g cn aconit cho vo becher 50 ml sch kh.
Ht 0,6 ml dung dch eucalyptol 10% bng pipet cho vo becher trn.
Thm 0,5 g acid citric vo, khuy tht u cho tan ht.
32
Becher 500 ml (2):
Cho 180 g siro v qut vo becher 500 ml sch kh.
Sau va cho t t hn hp (1) vo va khuy u, k n khi ng nht.
Tip tc cho t t 56,25 g siro hng chanh vo, khuy u.
SIRO TR HO
Chai 75 g
Cng thc:
Dung dch Bromoform dc dng 1g
Cn Aconit by trm miligam
Eucalyptol 0,012 g
Siro hng chanh 15% (kl/kl)
Nc bc h 6 ml
Acid citric 0,1 g
Natri benzoat 0,1 g
Ethanol 90% 3,0 g
Siro v qut v 75 g
33
K HOCH THC TP
Tun 1
Th 5 (10/11) Sa cng
Pha cn 90%
Pha siro n
Tun 2
Th 4 (16/11) 6h: Tm cn v qut vi 9 ml ethanol 80%, 12 gi
18h: Thm nc nng vo cn v qut, 12 gi
Tun 3
Th 6 (25/11) Pha siro hng chanh
Pha dung dch bromoform dc dng
34
TI LIU THAM KHO
1. L Th Thu Vn, Trn Anh V, Cc dng thuc bo ch bng phng php ho tan chit
xut, Bo ch v Sinh dc hc Tp 1, NXB Y hc, 2014, tr. 295296.
2. L Th Thu Vn, Trn Anh V, Cc dng thuc bo ch bng phng php ho tan chit
xut, Bo ch v Sinh dc hc Tp 1, NXB Y hc, 2014, tr. 303.
3. L Quan Nghim, Trn Anh V, Trn Vn Thnh, Dung dch thuc, Bo ch v Sinh dc
hc Tp 1, NXB Y hc, 2014, tr. 9596.
4. L Quan Nghim, Trn Anh V, Trn Vn Thnh, Dung dch thuc, Bo ch v Sinh dc
hc Tp 1, NXB Y hc, 2014, tr. 98101.
5. B Y t, Siro thuc, Dc in Vit Nam IV, NXB Y hc, 2009, tr. PL-11
6. B Y t, Acid citric ngm mt phn t nc, Dc in Vit Nam IV, NXB Y hc, 2009, tr.
17.
7. B Y t, Natri benzoat, Dc in Vit Nam IV, NXB Y hc, 2009, tr. 413.
10. B Y t, Bt talc, Dc in Vit Nam IV, NXB Y hc, 2009, tr. 104.
11. B Y t, Trn b, Dc in Vit Nam IV, NXB Y hc, 2009, tr. 922.
12. B Y t, Dung dch bromoform dc dng, Dc in Vit Nam I Tp 1, NXB Y hc, 1971,
tr. 210.
14. B Y t, Siro v qut, Dc in Vit Nam I Tp 1, NXB Y hc, 1971, tr. 649.
15. Phm Thanh K, Dc liu cha alcaloid, Dc liu hc tp II, NXB Y hc, 2007, tr. 163.
35
Ti liu ting nc ngoi
16. Michael D. Larranga, Richard J. Lewis Sr., Robert A. Lewis (ed.), Bromoform. Hawley's
th
Condensed Chemical Dictionary, 16 ed., New Jersey: John Wiley & Sons, 2016, p. 207.
17. Budavari, S. (ed.), Bromoform. The Merck Index An Encyclopedia of Chemicals, Drugs,
and Biologicals. Whitehouse Station, NJ: Merck and Co., Inc., 1996, p. 232.
18. Michael D. Larranga, Richard J. Lewis Sr., Robert A. Lewis (ed.), Eucalyptol. Hawley's
th
Condensed Chemical Dictionary, 16 ed., New Jersey: John Wiley & Sons, 2016, p. 600.
19. K. Paech, M. V. Tracey (ed.), Modern Methods of Plant Analysis Vol. IV, Berlin: Springer
Verlag OHG., 1980, p. 375.
20. Roger Debreuille, Procd rapide de dosage limite des alcalodes dans les Prparations du
codex, 1927.
21. Linda Felton (ed.), Aromatic waters. Remington: Essentials of Pharmaceutics, London:
st
Pharmaceutical Press, 1 ed., 2013, p. 439.
22. United States Pharmacopoeial Convention, Syrup. United States Pharmacopoeia 30, 2007,
p. 1233.
36