Chapter 6 Acid And Bases

Acid
-To State the meaning of Acid , give example and write chemical equations
and for the reaction of acid.
i) With Carbonates ii)With Metals iii)With Bases
Basicity of an Acid
-To state the meaning of basicity of an and to write equation for the
ionization of monophonic and diprotic acids.
-to relate the basicity of acid/alkali with pH values.
Base/ Alkali
-To state the meaning of the base and to correlate base with alkali.
-to write chemical equation involving alkalis with acids and ammonium
salts.

Role Of In Acid and Alkali

-To explain why properties of acid and alkali are shown in the presence of
water.
-To explain why the properties of acid and alkali are not shown in the
absence of water or in non-water solvent.

pH Scale
-To state the meaning of pH
-To relate the pH value with the concentration of H+ ions for alkalis.
Strong /Weak acid And Strong/Weak alkali
-To list examples and equations for the ionization of strong /weak acid and
strong /weak alkali.
-To relate the pH value with the strength if acid/alkali.

Acid and Alkali Concentration

-To state the meaning of concentration in g dm3 and mol dm 3
-To state the meaning of standard solution and to describe the preparation
of
Standard solution.
-To solve various problems related to the preparation of standard solution
MV
using n= 1000
Neutralization of Acid and Alkali
-To describe the titration of acid with alkali and to calculate the
concentrations of acid/alkali if a standard solution is given
-To describe the type of indicators used and the color changes at the end-
point
-To solve numerical problems involving neutralization.
 Acid
1. Acid is a chemical substance which ionizes in water to produce hydrogen ion
2. Acid tastes sour and turns moist blue litmus paper to red
3. Example of acid is hydrochloric acid
a) Hydrogen chloride gas is a *covalent compound exist in the form
of molecule.
b) As hydrogen chloride in water, hydrogen chloride molecule ionizes
to hydrogen ion and chloride ion in aqueous solution. This aqueous
solution is called hydrochloric acid.

HCI (aq) H+ (aq) CI

(aq)
Hydrochloric Acid Hydrogen Ion Chloride
Ion

C) An aqueous hydrogen ion H+(aq) is actually the hydrogen ion

combined with water
molecule to form hydroxonium, ion ,H3O+.However this ion can be written as H+.

HCI(g)+H2O(I/ce) H3O+(aq/ak) +CI-(aq/ak) The

ionization of hydrochloric is Hydrogen chloride h
represented as :

HCL (aq) H2O H+(aq)+CL (aq)

H3O+ H+(aq/ak) +H 2O

Hydroxonium ion Hydrogen ion

4. Basicity of an acid is the number of ion sable hydrogen atom per

molecule of an acid in an aqueous solution.
-Monophonic: One acid molecule ionizes to one hydrogen ion.
-Diprotic: One acid molecule ionizes to two hydrogen ion .
-Triproptic :One acid molecule ionizes to three hydrogen ion.
Hydrochloric acid is monophonic acid because one molecule of
hydrogen acid ionizes to one hydrogen ion .
5. Examples of acid and their basicity

Ionisation of acid Number of Basicity of acid

hydrogen ions
produce
permolecule of
acid
HNO3(aq) One M

Two

three
One