BI TP PHC CHT

Ngy son 7/10/2012

Cu 1. Gi tn cc phc sau:
[Cr(NH3)6](NO3)3 [Co(NH3)5CO3]Cl
Pt(NH3)2(H2O)(OH)]NO3 [Pt(NH3)4(NO2)Cl]SO4
K2[PtCl6] Ca2[Fe(CN)6]
(NH4)3[Cr(NSC)6] [Co(NH3)3(NO3)3]
[Ni(CO)4] [Pt(NH3)4] [PtCl4]

Cu 2. Gii thch s hnh thnh lin kt trong cc phc cht sau theo thuyt lin kt ha tr: [NiCl 4]2- v
[Ni(CN)4]2-. Cho bit phc dng hnh hc v t tnh ca phc cht.

Cu 3. Cho bit dng hnh hc v t tnh ca phc cht [Cu(NH 3)4]2+. Gii thch.

Cu 4. Hy gii thch s hnh thnh lin kt trong phn t hp cht:

a. Fe(CO)5. b. bisxiclopentaienyl st(II) hay Feroxen: Fe(C5H5)2

Cu 5. Ph hp th ca ion [Cu(NH3)4]2+ 3040A0 cn ion [Cu(H2O)4]2+ 3650 A0. Tnh nng lng
ca s chuyn dch electron trong mi ion phc.

Cu 6. Hy gii thch s hnh thnh lin kt trong phn t hp cht:

a. coban octacacbonyl: Co2(CO)8
b. ime crom(II) axetat: [Cr(CH3COO)2. H2O]2

Cu 7. V cu trc phc : M(EDTA)(4-n)- ca cation kim loi Mn+ vi EDTA, bit phc c s phi tr l
6. Gii thch v sao cc phc ca ion kim loi vi EDTA rt bn.

Cu 8. a. So snh tnh kh ca [Fe(CN)6]4- v Fe2+

b. Fe tan c trong dd KCN to thnh dd K4[Fe(CN)6]. Gii thch?

Cu 9. Vit phng trnh phn ng xy ra khi cho:

a. K3[Fe(CN)6] tc dng vi H2O2 trong mi trng KOH
b. K4[Fe(CN)6] tc dng vi H2O2 trong mi trng HCl

Cu 10. a. Vit phng trnh phn ng khi cho K4[Fe(CN)6] tc dng vi Fe2(SO4)3
b. Vit phng trnh phn ng xy ra khi cho K3[Fe(CN)6] tc dng vi FeSO4
Nu r s thay i mu sc trong c hai trng hp.

Cu 11. a. Nh rt chm dd NH3 vo dd Co(NO3)2 cho n d, mi u thy xut hin kt ta hng, sau
kt ta tan cho dd mu vng. Thm tip H2O2 vo dd v un nng thy dd chuyn t mu vng sang
mu hng thm. Hy vit phng trnh ion gii thch hin tng.

Cu 12. a. Gii thch ti sao AgI c kh nng tan trong dung dch KI?
b. AgBr c kh nng tan trong dd Na2S2O3?
c. Phn ng s xy nh th no khi cho H2S tc dng vi dd cha ion [Ag(S2O3)2]3-
 BI TP PHC CHT
Cu 1. Gi tn cc phc sau:
[Cr(NH3)6](NO3)3; [Co(NH3)5CO3]Cl; [Pt(NH3)2(H2O)(OH)]NO3;
[Pt(NH3)4(NO2)Cl]SO4; K2[PtCl6]; Ca2[Fe(CN)6];
(NH4)3[Cr(NSC)6]; [Co(NH3)3(NO3)3]; [Ni(CO)4]; [Pt(NH3)4] [PtCl4].
HD:
[Cr(NH3)6](NO3)3: Hexaammin crom (III) nitrat
[Co(NH3)5CO3]Cl: Monocacbonato pentaammin coban (III) clorua
[Pt(NH3)2(H2O)(OH)]NO3: Monohiroxo monoaqua iammin platin (II) nitrat [Pt(NH3)4(NO2)Cl]SO4:
Monoclorua mononitro tetra platin (II) sunfat
K2[PtCl6]: Kali hexacloro platinat (IV)
Ca2[Fe(CN)6]: Canxi hexaxiano ferat (IV)
(NH4)3[Cr(NSC)6]: Amoni hexaisotioxianato Cromat (III)
[Co(NH3)3(NO3)3]: Trinitrato triammin coban (III)
[Ni(CO)4]: Tetracacbonyl niken
[Pt(NH3)4] [PtCl4]: Tetraammin platin (II) tetracloro platinat (II)
Cu 2. Gii thch s hnh thnh lin kt trong cc phc cht sau theo thuyt lin kt ha tr: [NiCl4]2- v
[Ni(CN)4]2-. Cho bit phc dng hnh hc v t tnh ca phc cht.
HD:
Ni2+: [Ar]3d8
a. t din, thun t nh [Ni(Cl4)]2-:
Ion Cl- l phi t trng yu, Ni2+ trng thi lai ho sp3
Ion phc c electron c thn nn c tnh thun t
b. vung phng, nghch t nh [Ni(CN)4]2-:
Ion CN- l phi t trng mnh, Ni2+ trng thi lai ho dsp2
Ion phc khng c electron c thn nn nghch t
Cu 3. Cho bit dng hnh hc v t tnh ca phc cht [Cu(NH3)4]2+. Gii thch.
Cu 4. Hy gii thch s hnh thnh lin kt trong phn t hp cht:
a. Fe(CO)5. b. bisxiclopentaienyl st(II) hay Feroxen: Fe(C5H5)2
lg
a. CO l phi t trng mnh nn c s dn e, cu hnh e ca st l 3d8, lai ha dsp3, nghch t
b. Xiclopentaienyl c 3 e nn hai phi t ny c 6e pi => s phi tr 6
Phi t c lk pi tng tc mnh vi ion trung tm nn c s dn e, lai ha trong
Fe2+: 3d6: lai ha d2sp3

Cu 5. Ph hp th ca ion [Cu(NH3)4]2+ 3040A0 cn ion [Cu(H2O)4]2+ 3650 A0. Tnh nng lng ca
s chuyn dch electron trong mi ion phc.
Cu 6. Hy gii thch s hnh thnh lin kt trong phn t hp cht:
c. coban octacacbonyl: Co2(CO)8
d. ime crom(II) axetat: [Cr(CH3COO)2. H2O]2
lg
O
H2
OC C CO
Co Co
OC C CO
H
CO O2 CO
Co: 3d9

Lai ha d2sp3, 4 phi t CO thc hin lin kt cho nhn vo 4AO trng ca mi nguyn t Co to lin
kt cho nhn gia CO v Co
 2AO lai ha cha e c thn ca 2 nguyn t Co thc hin s xen ph trc to lin kt gia hai
nguyn t Co
1AO lai ha cha cp e ca Co thc hin lin kt cho nhn vi CO to lin kt cho nhn Co v CO
Cu 7. V cu trc phc : M(EDTA)(4-n)- ca cation kim loi Mn+ vi EDTA, bit phc c s phi tr l 6.
Gii thch v sao cc phc ca ion kim loi vi EDTA rt bn.
Cu 8. a. So snh tnh kh ca [Fe(CN)6]4- v Fe2+
b. Fe tan c trong dd KCN to thnh dd K4[Fe(CN)6]. Gii thch?
Lg
a) Trong dung dch nc ion Fe2+ dng ion phc [Fe(H2O)6]2+ c bn km hn ion phc
[Fe(CN)6]4-, nn [Fe(H2O)6]2+ c tnh kh mnh hn.
Cu 9. Vit phng trnh phn ng xy ra khi cho:
a. K3[Fe(CN)6] tc dng vi H2O2 trong mi trng KOH
b. K4[Fe(CN)6] tc dng vi H2O2 trong mi trng HCl
lg
a) 2K3[Fe(CN)6] + H2O2 +2KOH2K4[Fe(CN)6] + O2 +2H2O
b) 2K4[Fe(CN)6] + H2O2 + 2HCl 2K3[Fe(CN)6] + 2KCl + 2H2O
Cu 10. a. Vit phng trnh phn ng khi cho K4[Fe(CN)6] tc dng vi Fe2(SO4)3
b. Vit phng trnh phn ng xy ra khi cho K3[Fe(CN)6] tc dng vi FeSO4
Nu r s thay i mu sc trong c hai trng hp.
HD:
a. Khi cho K4[Fe(CN)6] tc dng vi Fe2(SO4)3
[Fe(CN)6]4- + Fe3+ + K+ KFe[Fe(CN)6] (xanh beclin)
b. Khi cho K3[Fe(CN)6] tc dng vi FeSO4
[Fe(CN)6]3- + Fe2+ + K+ KFe[Fe(CN)6] (xanh tuabun)
Cu 11. a. Nh rt chm dd NH3 vo dd Co(NO3)2 cho n d, mi u thy xut hin kt ta hng, sau
kt ta tan cho dd mu vng. Thm tip H2O2 vo dd v un nng thy dd chuyn t mu vng sang mu
hng thm. Hy vit phng trnh ion gii thch hin tng.
Cu 12. a. Gii thch ti sao AgI c kh nng tan trong dung dch KI?
b. AgBr c kh nng tan trong dd Na2S2O3?
c. Phn ng s xy nh th no khi cho H2S tc dng vi dd cha ion [Ag(S2O3)2]3-
lg
a) Cc halogenua MX khng tan trong nc v axit nhng tan trong dung dch m c ca cc
axit halogen hidric hay cc dung dch halogenua to ra cc phc cht tan:
AgI + KI K[AgI2]
b) V c kh nng to ra phc cht tan c hng s khng bn b:
AgBr + 2Na2S2O3 Na3[Ag(S2O3)2] + NaBr
Hng s khng bn ca phc [Ag(S2O3)2]3- l 3,5.10-14.
c) To ra kt ta Ag2S. (Tch s tan ca Ag2S l 6,3.10-50).

Bi 4: Ph hp th ca [Ti(H2O)6]3+ c tn s cc i ti 20300cm-1
a. gii thch ti sao dd nc ca mui Ti3+ c mu ta
b. cho bit c ch hp th bc x ca dung dch
c. tnh hiu nng lng ca cc mc eg v t2g

HD:
a. Ph hp th ca [Ti(H2O)6]3+ c tn s cc i ti 20300cm-1
Dung dch hp th bc x trng thy c tn s 20300cm-1 c mu lc, pht x mu ph l mu ta
b. s kch thch electron t mc eg sag mc t2g c km theo s hp th bc x trng thy mu lc. V vy
ion c mu ta mu ph ca mu lc.
c. Nng lng ca bc x hp th: E = h..N = 6,625.10-34.20300.6,02.1023 = 209,17kJ.mol-1
Bi 5: Ph hp th ca [Cu(H2O)6]2+ cng ch c mt cc i hp th 12500cm-1. Ti sao khi chuyn t
[Ti(H2O)6]3+ sang [Cu(H2O)6]2+ li c s chuyn dch ph hp th nh vy?
HD:
Ph hp th ca [Cu(H2O)6]2+ cng ch c mt cc i hp th 12500cm-1.
Cc ion Cu2+ ch c in tch 2+ nn ht cc phi t yu hn Ti3+. nh hng ca phi t n cc my
in tch cc electron d s gim i nn nng lng tch nh hn trng hp Ti3+. Do bc x chuyn sang
vng c bc sng di
Bi 13: Cc kt qu nghin cu thc nghim cho thy ion Cr2+ to ra hai loi phc cht c dng bt din
nhng khc nhau v t tnh. Cc phc cht nh [Cr(CN)6]4- c t tnh ng vi 2 electron c thn. Cc phc
cht nh [Cr(H2O)6]2+ li c t tnh ng vi s c mt ca 4 electron c thn. Thuyt lin kt ho tr gii
thch nhng kt qu nh th no? Trong hai dng , dng no bn hn?