TUGAS MEKANIKA FLUIDA

Kelas Chakimoelmal Jasjkur

Dikumpul pada 16 Maret 2016 pada waktu kuliah

1. Consider steady flow of water through an axisymmetric garden hose nozzle . Along the
centerline of the nozzle, the water speed increases from Uentrance to Uexit as sketched.
Measurements reveal that the centerline water speed increases parabolically through the
nozzle. Write an equation for centerline speed u(x), based on the parameters given here,
from x = 0 to x = L.

2. Consider steady, incompressible, two-dimensional flow through a converging duct. A

simple approximate velocity field for this flow is

where 0 is the horizontal speed at x = 0. Note that this equation ignores viscous effects along
the walls but is a reasonable approximation throughout the majority of the flow field.
Calculate the material acceleration for fluid particles passing through this duct. Give your
answer in two ways: (1) as acceleration components ax and ay and (2) as acceleration
vector
3. Consider steady flow of air through the diffuser portion of a wind tunnel. Along the
centerline of the diffuser, the air speed decreases from Uentrance to Uexit as sketched.
Measurements reveal that the centerline air speed decreases parabolically through the
diffuser. Write an equation for centerline speed u(x), based on the parameters given here,
from x = 0 to x = L.

4. For the velocity field of question no. 3 , calculate the fluid acceleration along the diffuser
centerline as a function of x and the given parameters. For L =2.0 m, Uentrance = 30.0 m/s,
and Uexit = 5.0 m/s, calculate the acceleration at x = 0 and x = 1.0 m.

5. Consider fully developed axisymmetric Poiseuille flowflow in a round pipe of radius R

(diameter D=2R), with a forced pressure gradient dP/dx driving the flow as illustrated in a
picture . (dP/dx is constant and negative.) The flow is steady, incompressible, and

axisymmetric about the x-axis. The velocity components are given by

where is the fluids viscosity. Is this flow rotational or irrotational? If it is rotational, calculate
the vorticity component in the circumferential () direction and discuss the sign of the
rotation.

6. Water flows steadily through the funnel shown in picture. Throughout most of the funnel
the flow is approximately radial (along rays from O) with a velocity of = / 2 where r
 is the radial coordinate and c is a constant. If the velocity is 0.4 m/s when r = 0.1 m
determine the acceleration at points A and B.

7. Air flows from a pipe into the region between two parallel circular disks as shown in
picture. The fluid velocity in the gap between the disks is closely approximated by =
0 2 / 3 where R is the radius of the disk, r is the radial coordinate, and 0 is the fluid
velocity at the edge of the disk. Determine the acceleration for r=1, 2, or 3 ft if 0 = 5 ft/s
and R = 3 ft

8. Determine the acceleration field for a three-dimensional flow with velocity components u
= -x, v = 4 2 2 and w=xy.

9. When a valve is opened, the velocity of water in a certain pipe is given by u = 10 (1 - 1 )

, v = 0 and w = 0 , where u is in ft/s and t is in seconds. Determine the maximum velocity
and maximum acceleration of the water.

10. The velocity of the water in the pipe shown in picture is given by 1 = 0.50 / and
2 = 1.0 /, where t is in seconds. Determine the local acceleration at points (1) and
(2). Is the average convective acceleration between these two points negative, zero, or
positive? Explain.

11. The velocity field of a flow is given by V = (5z - 3)2i + (x + 4)j + 4yk ft/s where x, y,
and z are in feet. Determine the fluid speed at the origin (x = y = z = 0) and on the x axis
(y = z = 0)
12. The velocity field of a flow is given by V = 20y / (x2 + y2)0,5i - 20x / (x2 + y2)0,5j ft/s,
where x and y are in feet. Determine the fluid speed at points along the x axis; along the y
 axis. What is the angle between the velocity vector and the x axis at points (x , y) = (5,0),
(5,5) and (0,5)?
13. A velocity field is given by V = xi + x(x - 1)(y + 1)j, where u and v are in ft/s and x and
y are in feet. Plot the streamline that passes through x = 0 and y = 0. Compare this
streamline with the streakline through the origin.
14. In addition to the customary horizontal velocity components of the air in the atmosphere
(the wind), there often are vertical air currents (thermals)caused by buoyant effects due
to uneven heating of theair as indicated in figure below. Assume that the velocity field in
a certain region is approximated by u=u0, v=v0(1 - y/h) for 0 < y < h, and u = u0, v = v0 for
y > h. Plot the shape of the streamline that passes through the origin for values of u0/v0 =
0,5; 1; and 2.

15. Repeat Problem 4 using the same information except that u=u0y/h for 0 y h rather than
u=u0. Use values of u0/v0 =0,1; 0,2; 0,4; 0,6; 0,8; and 1,0.
16. Determine the acceleration field for a three-dimensional flow with velocity components u
= -x, v = 4x2y2, and w = x y.
17. The velocity of the water in the pipe shown in figure below is given by V1 = 0,5t m/s and
V2 = 1t m/s, where t is in seconds. Determine the local acceleration at points (1) and (2). Is
the averageconvective acceleration between these two points negative, zero, or positive?
Explain.
18. A nozzle is designed to accelerate the fluid from V1 to V2 in a linear fashion. That is, V =
ax + b, where a and b are constants. If the flow is constant with V1 = 10 m/s at x1=0 and V2
= 25 m/s at x2 = 1 m, determine the local acceleration, the convective acceleration, and the
acceleration of the fluid at points (1) and (2).
19. Repeat Problem 8 with the assumption that the flow is not steady, but at the time when V1
= 10 m/s and V2 = 25 m/s, it is known that V1/t = 20m/s2 and V2/t = 60m/s2
20. A fluid flows past a sphere with an upstream velocity of V0 = 40m/s as shown in figure
below. From a more advanced theory it is found that the speed of the fluid along the front
part of the sphere is V = 1,5V0sin. Determine the streamwise and normal componentsof
acceleration at point A if the radius of the sphere is a = 0,2 m.