Mac Beginner

Mac Beginner's
q
Guide
Mac Beginner's Guide
This article or section is based on a forum post written by diatribe.
This guide serves to provide information for users who are new to or want to know more about the Mac
platform. If you are interested in learning about software, media players, shortcuts and would like to find out
some useful tips, tricks and hints then this guide should prove valuable. It is by no means exhaustive, but is
rather intended to give you a head start and a better insight into the world of Mac.
Contents
[hide]
1 Mac 101
1.1 Getting to know OS X
1.2 Keyboard Shortcuts
1.3 Other nifty Mac OS X hints
1.4 Mac OS X guides
1.5 Apple software guides
1.6 3rd party software guides
1.7 Hardware guides
2 Troubleshooting - When something doesn't work
2.1 Software
2.2 Hardware
3 Apps
3.1 Media players
3.2 Web browsers
3.3 System Utilities
3.4 Instant Message Clients
3.5 IRC clients
3.6 RSS Readers
3.7 DVD/CD copying and burning
3.8 FTP Applications
3.9 BitTorrent
3.10 Text/Office apps
3.11 Graphics
3.12 Other apps
3.13 Scripts and other haxxies
3.14 App enhancements
3.15 Widgets
4 Useful Mac related websites
4.1 Apple's pages
4.2 Desktop Pictures and Icons
4.3 Hints and Scripts

4.4 iPod
5 Buying Advice
5.1 Macs
5.2 iPods
5.3 Gadgets and Mac accessories
5.4 Other
6 FAQs
6.1 Technical
7 Other information
7.1 MacRumors (Please read before posting)
7.2 Apple
[edit]
Mac 101
[edit]
Getting to know OS X
The Mac OS X interface (How to use OS X)
The Mac OS X apps and more (How to use the basic apps)
Customize My Mac: Introduction (Change icons, etc.)
Connect and Use My Devices: Introduction (Scanners, modems, printers, etc.)
The Mac Cheat Sheet (Write down all your settings so you don't forget)
[edit]
Keyboard Shortcuts
Full List of Mac OS X Keyboard Shortcuts
Keyboard shortcuts of OS X and other apps
How to change system keyboard shortcuts
[edit]
Other nifty Mac OS X hints
How to use the built-in Dictionary
System-wide spell checker - in any app just control-click and go to spelling and mark check spelling as you
type (Note: Only available in native OS X applications, sometimes referred to as Cocoa applications)
How to create a zip file - highlight the items you want to include, control-click, and choose "Create Archive"
(or "Compress", if running on Leopard) from the menu
Drag files on Dock items - just drag files on Dock items to open these files with the app (pics to import on
iPhoto, pics on mail to send, etc.)
How to install applications - read this guide to installing applications in OS X
How to uninstall applications - just drag the application to the Trash. There might be leftovers in a) the
preference folder (just preferences that take up very little space) and b) the application support folder (may
contain bigger files to support the app) If you want to get rid of all the traces of an app just search for it in
Finder, or Spotlight if available, and delete everything. That's it. Simple as this.Or use uninstall tools like
CleanGenius to remove unneeded applications.
[edit]
Mac OS X guides
How to import email from MS Outlook into Apple Mail
How to take screenshots in Mac OS X
How to set up your firewall and How to enable sharing (Internet, files, etc.)
Networking Windows with Mac OS X
How to remotely control another Mac

How to keep Dashboard widgets on the desktop - to free the widgets from Dashboard
How to install Tiger without DVD
Freeing up hard disk space and Enhancing performance and responsiveness of Mac OS X
How to video/audio chat with a PC user
Booting Windows on the Mac
Mac OS X On A Diet
[edit]
Apple software guides
iTunes
iPhoto
iMovie
iDVD
iWeb
iChat
iCal
Mail
Safari
Address Book
Automator
Garageband
Utilities
[edit]
3rd party software guides
How to make security copies of your DVDs
Adium
How to make your videos iPod compatible
[edit]
Hardware guides
Installing RAM
How to check your hard drive and measures when it is failing
[edit]
Troubleshooting - When something doesn't work
An exhaustive list of all kinds of problems and their solutions can be found on Apple's troubleshooting 101
page.Some general quick steps to solve problems are listed in the categories below.
[edit]
Software
Troubleshooting Software Problems - Try the steps in this article if you're having software problems.
Troubleshooting Network Problems - Try the steps in this article if you're having network problems.
[edit]
Hardware
Troubleshooting Hardware Problems - Tips to resolving harware problems (includes tips to get rid of stuck
"dead" pixels)
[edit]
Apps
See also List of Mac SoftwareBy no means is this meant to be an exhaustive list but it covers the basic apps
that one might need. For all your app needs please check the following sites:
VersionTracker - all your app needs satisfied
MacUpdate - the same as above
Mac OS X Downloads - Apple's "site for Mac OS X freeware, shareware, demos, widgets and more"
or see the Finding Mac Software article for more information.
If you want to see an example of what you might need, see what I have installed.
(f) free (s) shareware (c) commercial
[edit]
Media players
QuickTime (included with Mac OS X) - should play most mpegs and mov formats (see QuickTime Fullscreen
widget below)
QT WMV codec (c) - to play WMV in QuickTime
DivX codec(Direct download link) DivX labs (f) - to play DivX files in QuickTime
Xineplayer (f) - a lightweight QuickTime alternative that plays the files QT does, DivX and some WMVs
VLC (f) - plays pretty much all formats except WMV3 and Real media. See the VLC article.
mPlayer (f) - the same as VLC
WMP (f) - the Mac version of Windows Media Player (plays WMV3)
Real Player (f) - the Mac version of Real Player
Perian (f) - a component to Quicktime that adds native support for many popular video formats.
[edit]
Web browsers
Safari (included with OS X) - the default Mac web browser, handles almost all sites and is the fastest in many
cases
Firefox (f) - a popular cross-platform browser

Camino (f) - browser based on the popular Firefox/Mozilla engine but with a native Mac interface and tighter
integration with OS X (Spotlight, Keychain, Bonjour, etc.)
OmniWeb (c) - another web browser with a lot of features
Shiira (f) based on the same underlying engine as Safari, but with extra features such as tab expos
Opera (f) - An innovative internet suite with a web browser, mail client and BitTorrent support. It was the first
to include features such as tabbed browsing and voice support.
[edit]
System Utilities
CleanGenius - an all-in-one Mac system clean utility combined with app uninstaller, duplicate finder, big files
finder, memory free, login items management, disk space monitor and disk ejector.
Growl (f) - a system-wide notification system that has all notifications in one place (it is also bundled with
Adium, so if you get Adium you'll have Growl)
Quicksilver (f) - an application launcher that sports both a search window and customizable keyboard
shortcuts
Butler (f) - another application launcher
Synergy (s) - an iTunes controller with menu controls, keyboard shortcuts and a very slick interface
OnyX (f) - maintenance, system optimization and personalization utility
CLIX - full system security and maintenance scripts in a GUI interface 1500 functions
Little Snitch (s) - an advanced firewall with manual application control for both inbound and outbound traffic
[edit]
Instant Message Clients
iChat (included with OS X) - handles .mac, AIM and Jabber accounts, video and voice chat
Adium (f) - Commonly thought to be the best instant messaging client for OS X. Handles almost all clients
but no voice or video yet, and it has limited support for file transfers (works for some but not for others).
See the Adium article for more information.

Skype (f) - the Mac version of Skype, an instant message client for text, voice, video and VoIP chat. See the
Skype article.
MSN (f) - the Mac version of MSN, with limited functionality compared to the Windows version
Mercury Messenger (f) - a highly customizable Java MSN client with webcam support
aMSN (f) - an open-source MSN client with webcam support
[edit]
IRC clients
Xchat (f) - IRC client ported from Linux
Conversation (f) - another IRC client with a nice Aqua interface
Colloquy (f) - an IRC client with a tab-based webkit interface, so it's very customizable
MRChat (f) - the MacRumors client, automatically connects to the correct server, channel, etc.
[edit]
RSS Readers
Safari (included with OS X) - the standard OS X browser has built-in RSS support
NetNewsWire (lite) (s) (f) - the shareware and free version of the most used RSS reader
NewsFire (s) - another RSS reader
Vienna - free, open source RSS reader
[edit]
DVD/CD copying and burning
Finder, iTunes, Disk Utility (included with OS X) - burn CDs and DVDs from within OS X
DVD2OneX (c) - a tool to compress DVD rips to standard DVD size
MacTheRipper (f) - rips the movie from a DVD to store on your HD or burn on a DVD
Roxio Toast (c) - a very good app that burns CDs/VCDs/DVDs/etc. and compresses DVD rips to standard
DVD size
Roxio Popcorn (c) - compresses DVD rips to standard DVD size, converts DVDs and other video files for
iPod or PSP
Burn (f) - burning application for Mac OS X
[edit]
FTP Applications
Cyberduck (f) - a full featured, yet free, FTP application
Transmit (s) - an advanced FTP client, with Spotlight integration and tabbed browsing
[edit]
BitTorrent
Transmission - Open-source BitTorrent application
[edit]
Text/Office apps
Textmate (f) (s) - Widely considered to be the best text editor out there for the Mac. Has support for many
different programming/scripting languages, as well as functionality for blogging, source control, etc. The list
goes on an on.
MacJournal (f) (s) - an awesome journal app with Wiki ability to write journals, texts, blog entries and more,
export it to various locations
SubEthaEdit (f) - a great word processor that'll even let you write with more persons on the same document
via Bonjour (formerly Rendezvous)
VoodooPad Lite and Pro (f) (s) - another great text app with Wiki ability
Smultron - one of the most full-featured free text editors available for Mac OS X
NeoOffice (f) - Open Office port for OS X (if you don't want to use MS Office)
iFlash (s) - Flash card app with a myriad of features
iWork (c) - iWork suite from Apple including a "text"-editor (not comparable to MS Word) and a presentation
app (comparable to MS PowerPoint)

MS Office (c) - The original office software from Microsoft
[edit]
Graphics
Photoshop/Photoshop Elements (c) - the standard photo manipulation software for pros and for consumers
LiveQuartz (f) - lightweight QuartzExtreme image manipulation software
GIMP - GIMP is a freely distributed program for such tasks as photo retouching, image composition and
image authoring.
[edit]
Other apps
Delicious Library (c) - a media catalog app for DVDs, CDs, books and games with a beautiful interface
DVDpedia/CDpedia/Bookpedia (c) - another media catalog app with a lot more features but not as beautiful
as Delicious Library
Ultralingua (c) - a dictionary app that lets you choose which modules to get (great for translations)
Salling Clicker (s) - control your Mac via your Bluetooth phone
SuperDuper (s) - back up your stuff, you will be sorry if you don't. You can also use Time Machine.
Audacity (f) - Audio editor and recorder
ffmpegX (s) - an audio/video conversion tool which produces extremely high-quality files and allows for a
large degree of customization over encoder settings
Handbrake (f) - a GPL'd multithreaded DVD to MPEG-4 ripper/converter
CandyBar (s) - easily change your app and system icons in one flush and save your changes to an
iContainer for future use and backups
GoogleEarth (f) - mapping software that uses satellite images, similar to GoogleMaps, but more detailed and
with more features
[edit]
Scripts and other haxxies
These applications should be used with caution as system altering apps may crash your system or cause other
problems.
Screen spanning for the iBook, iMac and eMac (f) - use an external monitor with your iBook, iMac or eMac
with mirroring the screen
iScroll 2 - Enable 2 finger scrolling on iBooks, and Powerbooks made before 2005
[edit]
App enhancements
Mailappetizer (f) - awesome Mail preview enhancement
other mail.app enhancements
[edit]
Widgets
For all your widget needs check the following pages:
DashboardWidgets - the biggest independent Dashboard widgets source
Apple.com widgets - Apple's own widget page
Widget Machine - Free and pay widgets with an awesome design
Here are a few to get you started:
iCal events (f) - shows events from iCal for the next days, launches iCal
FlipClock (f) - a replacement world clock for the analog-ly challenged. Includes an alarm option and many
designs.
Wikipedia (f) - an easy way to search the open source online encyclopedia Wikipedia from your Dashboard
GimmiAmazon (f) - an easy way to search Amazon from within the Dashboard
Countdown Calendar (f) - counts down the days to a specific date
LookingForward (f) - a countdown widget for multiple events

PearLyrics (f) - a lyric widget that gets almost all lyrics and let's you automatically copy them to iTunes (no
longer available, if you need it send a private message to Diatribe)
Calculon (f) - a small calculator widget
Moments (f) - a widget to display your favorite pic in different sizes with different frame designs
Utility Button (f) - puts your utilities folder in your dashboard to be easily accessible
Airtraffic Control (f) - shows the networks around you, their signal strength and lets you connect to them
Sysstat / mini version of Sysstat(f) - shows the system stats in your Dashboard
Quicktime full screen (f) - click to see QuickTime movies in fullscreen
eBay (s) - keep track of your current sales and bids on eBay from your Dashboard
[edit]
Useful Mac related websites
[edit]
Apple's pages
Apple Events Videos
Apple Movie Trailer Downloads
[edit]
Desktop Pictures and Icons
deviantART - desktop pictures (wallpapers) including wide screen ones
MacDesktops - desktop pictures, many Mac related ones
The Iconfactory - your premier icon source
ResExcellence - everything you'd need to customize OS X
Digital Blasphemy - dual-screen, tri-screen, high-quality, amazing designs.
InterfaceLift - high res desktop images, icons and more

PixelGirls - desktop pictures and icons
[edit]
Hints and Scripts
Mac OS X hints - various hints for OS X
iTunes Scripts - various scripts to complement iTunes
The Learning Curve - Extensive Mac OS X tutorials
[edit]
iPod
iLounge - the number one iPod resource
[edit]
Buying Advice
Buyer's Guide - Overview over all Apple hardware and when it has been updated last
[edit]
Macs
Apple Defects - Extensive wiki over Apple hardware manufacturing flaws.
Which Apple notebook should I buy? - Confused over which Apple notebook to buy? Read this guide.
Which size MacBook Pro should you buy? - Decided on a MacBook Pro and want to know which size to
buy? Read this guide.
Which Apple desktop should I buy? - Don't know which one to get? Read this guide.
[edit]
iPods
Which iPod should I buy? - Not sure which one to buy? Read this guide.
[edit]
Gadgets and Mac accessories
Mice - What mouse to buy - a comparison
Looking for a Laptop sleeve or a carrying case? - look no further

Keyboard comparisons - What is the keyboard to buy - a comparison
Notebook gadgets - Gadgets specifically for notebooks like stands, etc.
iSync compatible cellphones - List of syncable cellphones
Where to buy RAM - The best places to buy RAM because Apple surely isn't the cheapest
External hard drives - Which external HD to buy - a comparison
[edit]
Other
Is .mac worth it? Read up on it here and see for yourself
Is AppleCare worth it? - Check out the prices of AppleCare and whether it is for you or not
[edit]
FAQs
[edit]
Technical
Barefeats - Benchmarks
[edit]
Other information
[edit]
MacRumors (Please read before posting)
MacRumors FAQ - various interesting things to know
Rules recap - read or risk getting banned
Guidelines for getting help - how to post questions
[edit]
Apple
Free iTunes 2006 - a list of all free songs given away by Apple on the iTunes Music Store
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This page was last modified 05:16, 12 April 2012.
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Tour the Mac Interface
These lessons will introduce you to the different pieces that make up the Mac interface. Learn how to
use the Finder, the desktop, the menu bar, the Dock, the Trash, files and folders, and more.
Video Tutorials
Watch short videos on how to use your Mac, such as using the desktop, Finder, and the Dock.
The essentials
Learn about the essentials of using a Mac.
About icons in OS X
Every volume (disk), application, file, and folder on your Mac is represented by an icon.
Multi-Touch gestures
Tap, scroll, pinch, and swipe your way through your Mac with Multi-Touch gestures, directly
controlling whats on your screen in a more fluid, natural, and intuitive way.
Set your preferences
Besides changing the look and feel of your Mac, you can also let your Mac know how you prefer
to work by using System Preferences.

The Finder
The Finder in OS X provides you access to your files and folders.
The desktop
The desktop is the space where you see file, folder, and application windows. Learn about your
desktop and how to customize it.
The Dock
Learn how to add and remove items from the Dock, and how to use Stacks to unclutter your
desktop.
Stacks
Learn how to add and remove folders and files to Stacks in the Dock.
Mission Control
With a three finger swipe up on the trackpad, Mission Control brings together full-screen apps,
Dashboard, Expos, and Desktops, giving you an overview of everything on your system.
Modify your windows
There are many things you can do to make your Finder windows more efficient or more
entertainingthe choice is yours.
Change your screen saver
Learn how to change the screen saver. You can even use your own slideshow creation.
Mac Basics: The essentials

Learn about the essentials of using a Mac.
The desktop, Finder, Dock, menu bar, Spotlight, and Notification Center
These are six of the most basic elements of your Mac.
Desktop
The desktop is a place where you can put files

and folders. At the top of the desktop is the menu bar, and at the
bottom is the Dock. To learn more about the desktop, please see this
article.
The Finder
The Finder shows you your files and folder in windows, and
can be used to find anything on your Mac. Each Finder window has a
sidebar to help you navigate. You can choose to view windows as
icons, lists, or columns. To get a closer look, use Quick Look. You can
rename, create, and organize folders. For much more information
about using the Finder, please see The Finder.
The Dock
At the bottom of your desktop is the Dock. You'll find icons on the
Dock for the Finder, Launchpad, Mission Control, Safari, Mail,
Contacts, Calendar, Reminders, Notes, Messages, FaceTime, Photo
Booth, iPhoto for importing and managing your photos, iTunes, Mac
App Store (see below) and System Preferences to tweak your system.
You can create stacks to the right of the line in the Dock. Your Mac
comes with a built-in stack for Documents. Click a stack to see what's
in it, then click any file in the stack to open it. To learn more, please
see Stacks.
The right-most item in the Dock is the Trash, which you can use to
delete files and eject mounted volumes. You can move the Dock and
tweak its settings. See The Dock for more information.
The menu bar
Along the top of the screen is the menu bar. Its choices change based
on which application you're using, or if you're in the Finder.
Use status menus on the right side of the menu bar for things like
sound, data and time, Wi-Fi connection, Spotlight, and your online
chat status.
Spotlight
Open Spotlight from the menu bar. Use Spotlight to search for files
such as documents, emails, dates in Calendar, and webpages that
you've visited. Spotlight also does math equations!
Notification Center (OS X Mountain Lion)
Open Notification Center from the menu bar. Use Notification Center
to view notifications from Messages, Calendar, Mail, Reminders,
Twitter, Facebook, and other third-party apps.
Pointing, clicking, and getting around
When you move your mouse or finger on a trackpad, you control a pointer (also known
as a cursor) that moves across your screen. The pointer allows you to select and interact
with the various items on your screen, including selecting files, clicking buttons,
dragging sliders, and so on. Sometimes the pointer may look like a hand, a crosshair, an
I-beam, or another icon, depending on what you're doing and the application you're
using.
For example, if you're using Safari to view this webpage and move the pointer across it,
notice that it turns into an I-beam when you move it over text or a text field. When you
see this, you can usually interact with the text or field below it. When you move the
pointer over a button or link, the pointer turns into a hand, letting you know that you can
click on the item.
Depending on what you're doing and what application you're using, your pointer (far
left) may change appearances
Clicking your mouse button or trackpad button once allows you to select the item that
your pointer is on. In other words, if your pointer is on a file's icon, clicking once will
select it. If the pointer is on a button or link, clicking once will activate it. If your pointer
is on a text field, clicking once highlights the field and allows you to start typing text in
it.
If you want to open a file, folder, or application, click your mouse button or trackpad
twice. This is known as double-clicking. In general, you'll need to double-click items if
you want to open them from a Finder window or the desktop. The exception to this is
opening stuff from the Dockjust click once on an icon in the Dock to open it.
Close, minimize, and zoom windows
Every Finder, application, and document window has three colored buttons (red, yellow,
and green) in the upper left corner.
The red close button closes the window. You can also use the
Command-W keyboard shortcut.
The yellow minimize button (or Command-M keyboard shortcut)

shrinks the window into the Dock. Click the window icon in the Dock
to restore it.
The green zoom button will enlarge the window's size to show as
much content as possible without a scroll bar. Click it again to return
the previous window size.
Launch your apps
Your Mac comes with many applications already installed. In OS X Lion and later, you can
see all your apps by clicking the Launchpad icon in the Dock.
You can also open apps via the Dock, from the Applications folder, with an alias, or by
opening a file associated with the app.
Mac App Store
You can find much more software for your Mac online with the Mac App Store.
Simply click its icon in the Dock to visit the App Store. After purchasing and
downloading, applications are automatically installed in your Applications folder, and
added to the Launchpad. To get updates for Mac App Store applications and OS X
Mountain Lion, simply open App Store and click the Updates tab
For more information about installing, updating, or uninstalling apps, please see Install,
update, and uninstall apps. To learn more about updating OS X Mountain Lion from the
Mac App Store, please see this article.
Update your software
Software Update automatically checks for available updates from Apple when your
computer is connected to the Internet. It takes into account the software you have
installed on your computer, and new updates released by Apple so that it only shows
you relevant updates. You can either wait for Software Update to make its scheduled
check for updates (every week by default), or check for updates at any time by choosing
Software Update from the Apple () menu.
In OS X Mountain Lion, Mac App Store provides software updates via the Updates tab, as
mentioned above. Updates for software that was purchased from the Mac App Store are
also obtained via the Mac App Store's Update button.
You can also manually download updates from Apple Downloads to install the software
yourself. To install software, just double-click the installer file and follow the onscreen
instructions. To learn more, please see this article.
Back up and restore files with Time Machine
Time Machine backs up all your Mac's files to a disk of your choice. If you accidentally
delete a file, you can restore it quickly with Time Machine. You can also restore your
entire system from a Time Machine backup if necessary.
Use Time Machine preferences in System Preferences to configure your options. To learn
more, please see this article.
Important: Information about products not manufactured by Apple is provided for information purposes only and does not
constitute Apples recommendation or endorsement. Please contact the vendor for additional information.
Last Modified: Jun 24, 2013

Mac Basics: About icons in OS X
Every volume (disk), application, file, and folder on
your Mac is represented by an icon.
Icons look like the item that they represent. For example, your hard disk volume icon
(Macintosh HD) looks like a hard drive and a DVD's icon look like a disc. You can change
many of the icons OS X uses if you wish to.
Some of the icons in OS X Mountain Lion
Application icons are all generally unique, so they stand out from one another. Folder
icons help you identify what's inside of them. File icons generally display a document
with an application logo that lets you know what application created it or is the default
to open it.
Changing your user account icon

Your user account icon appears in the Login window when you log in (if your Mac isn't set
to automatically log you in), and is used as your contact portrait unless you change it.
When you first set up your user account, you have the opportunity to select a picture to
use as your icon. You can also change the icon whenever you want, as described below.
You can use one of the included icons, drag in a custom image, or take a snapshot with
your Mac's camera
1. From the Apple menu, choose System Preferences.
2. Click Users & Groups (click Accounts in Mac OS X v10.6).
3. To the left of the "Change Password" button is a pop-up menu that shows your
current account icon. Click it to choose a different icon, or to use your Mac's camera
to take a snapshot to use as an icon. You can also simply drag a picture to the
menu
4. If desired, crop and reposition the new icon.

5. When satisfied, click Done to make the change.
Additional Information
Changing an item's icon
1. Click the volume, application, folder, or file whose icon you want to paste onto
another item.
2. From the File menu, choose Get Info or press Command-I to open the Get Info
window.
3. Click the icon in the upper-left corner of the Get Info window to select it.
4. From the Edit menu, choose Copy or press Command-C.
5. Select the volume, application, folder, or file whose icon you want to replace.
6. From the File menu, choose Get Info or press Command-I.
7. Click the icon in the upper-left corner.
8. From the Edit menu, choose Paste or press Command-V to replace the icon.
Last Modified: Nov 16, 2012
Mac Basics: Multi-Touch gestures

Tap, scroll, pinch, and swipe your way through your
Mac with Multi-Touch gestures, directly controlling
whats on your screen in a more fluid, natural, and
intuitive way.
Tip: The Trackpad or Mouse panes of System Preferences contains preview movie clips
for each gesture.
Learn about the Multi-Touch gestures you can use in OS X v10.7 Lion or later and its
applications. These gestures can be performed on a portable Mac's Multi-Touch trackpad,
on a Magic Trackpad, or on a Magic Mouse.
Tip: Click here for a QuickTime movie that demonstrates a number of OS X Multi-Touch
gestures. Click here for a web page containing animations for each gesture.
OS X offers more fluid and realistic gesture responses, including rubber-band scrolling,
page and image zoom, and full-screen swiping. And with the new animations, gestures
look and feel more responsive and natural.
Scrolling note: Scroll bars will only appear when you are scrolling. When not scrolling,
they disappear to not get in the way of your content. You can change this behavior in the
General pane of System Preferences, if desired.
Magic Trackpad Two finger swipe in the direction you want to move
your content. For example, a two finger swipe up will make your
content move up. Two finger swipe left will make your content move
to the left. Tip: Flick your fingers at the end of the swipe to generate
momentum with your scroll. Note: Rubber-banding animations will
spring back content to let you know that you are at the end of your
content.
Magic Mouse One finger swipe in the direction you want to move
your content. For example, one finger swipe up will make your
content move up. One finger swipe left will make your content move
to the left.
Smart Zoom
Magic Trackpad Double-tap with two fingers. Double-tap again to
return. For example, Double-tap on the column of a web page and
Safari will zoom in on that column. Double-tap again to zoom out.
Magic Mouse Double-tap with one finger. Double-tap again to return.
Pinch to zoom Tip: Rubber-banding animations will spring back content to indicate
that you are at your zoom limit.
Pinch out to zoom in. For example, put your thumb and index finger
together and have them touch the surface of your trackpad. Glide
them apart with continuous contact on the surface of your Trackpad.
Pinch in to zoom out. For example, put your thumb and index finger
apart while touching the surface of your trackpad. Glide them toward
each other with continuous contact on the surface of your Trackpad.
Swipe to navigate Web pages in Safari, documents in Preview and more, just like
thumbing a page in a book. Note: If there is horizontal content to scroll, this gesture will
first scrolls to the end of content and then it will move to the next page.
Magic Trackpad A horizontal two finger swipe will show the next or
previous page. Tip: Once you pass the rubber-band threshold, lift
your fingers to change page. Also you can flick your fingers at the end
of the swipe for momentum.
Magic Mouse A horizontal one finger swipe will show the next or
previous page.
Mission Control
Three finger swipe up on your Trackpad, or two finger double-tap on your Magic Mouse.
While viewing Mission Control you will have these additional gestures:
Spread a cluster of Application windows or enlarge a single window.
Magic Trackpad Two finger swipe up. Tip: Press the spacebar to
Quick Look a highlighted window.
Magic Mouse One finger swipe up.
Move to the space on your left or right, including applications in full-

screen view mode.
Magic Trackpad Three finger swipe to the right or left.
Magic Mouse Two finger swipe to the right or left.
Exit Mission Control
Magic Trackpad Three finger swipe down.
Magic Mouse Two finger double-tap.
Swipe between full screen apps and spaces
Three finger horizontal swipe on your Trackpad, or two finger horizontal swipe on your
Magic Mouse.
To move to the full screen app or space on the left:
Magic Trackpad Three finger swipe to the right.
Magic Mouse Two finger swipe to the right.
To move to the full screen app or space on the right:
Magic Trackpad Three finger swipe to the left.
Magic Mouse Two finger swipe to the left.
View Launchpad
Thumb and three finger pinch in your Trackpad, or click the Launchpad icon on the Dock.
While viewing Launchpad, you can use these additional gestures:
Swipe to the next Launchpad (if present)
Magic Trackpad Two finger horizontal swipe.
Magic Mouse One finger horizontal swipe.
Exit Launchpad Thumb and three finger pinch in on your Trackpad.
App Expos
Three finger swipe down on your Trackpad will bring the app you are in into App Expos.
Previews of all windows of your app will be presented, regardless of the space they
reside on. Note: App windows minimized on the Dock will be shown as smaller previews
below a thin line on the lower third of your screen.
Click on the window you would like to bring to the front. Tip: Press
the spacebar to Quick Look a highlighted window. Press the spacebar
again to exit Quick Look.
Note: If you click on a window that resides on another space,

you will be moved to that space when you click on it.
Exit App Expos Three finger swipe up.
Show desktop
Thumb and three fingers pinch out on your Trackpad to instantly show your desktop.
Lookup
Three finger tap on your Trackpad will do a lookup on the word you have under your
cursor or highlighted. Note: OS X Lion uses a three finger double-tap.
The lookup will be a pop-up overlay that will show these details:
Dictionary It will show a snippet of the definition of the word. Tip:

Click "Dictionary" to open the app Dictionary to see the full definition.
Thesaurus If present, it will show a snippet of the synonyms to the

word highlighted. Tip: Click "Thesaurus" to open the Thesaurus
section of the Dictionary app.
Apple If present, it will show the Apple glossary term for the word
highlighted. Tip: Click "Apple" to open the Apple section of the
Dictionary app.
Wikipedia If present it will show a snippet of Wikipedia articles

pertaining to the highlighted word. Tip: Click "Wikipedia" to open the
Wikipedia section of the Dictionary app.
Notification Center
Two finger swipe to the left from the right edge of the trackpad.
Place two fingers on the right edge of the trackpad and drag them toward the center to
reveal Notification center.
To hide Notificaiton center, drag two fingers from the center of the trackpad to the right
edge.
Show Safari tabs
When Safari has multiple tabs open and content is being view at Actual Size (-0), a two
finger pinch in will show Safari tabs with live content.
When showing Safari tabs, two-fingered swipes to the left or right will scroll through the
Safari tabs.
Two finger pinch out will open the centered Safari tab or you can single finger click a
Safari tab to open it.
Last Modified: Aug 6, 2013
Mac Basics: Set your preferences

Besides changing the look and feel of your Mac, you
can also let your Mac know how you prefer to work
by using System Preferences.
System Preferences controls system-wide settings ("global" settings), and is available

from the Apple menu at the upper-left corner of the screen. System Preferences lets
you to adjust things like your screen resolution, keyboard control, mouse control, sound,
printer settings, sharing settings, accounts, and more.
System Preferences in OS X Mountain Lion
You can quickly locate the settings you want to change by typing the desired subject in
the search field. For example, to change your login password, type "password." The
preferences related to password appear below the search field, and one or more
preferences are spotlighted in the System Preferences window. Click the item in the list
that matches what you want to do, or click one of the spotlighted preferences. The
appropriate preference pane opens.
You can also choose View from the System Preferences menu to open any installed
System Preference pane.
Third-party software apps may also install their own pane within System Preferences for
configuring application settings. See the software specific help within the app for
information about settings.
Learn how to:
Customize your trackpad and mouse

Change your sounds
Change your Mac's sleep settings
Change your OS X language
You can also customize various aspects of any application by choosing Preferences or
pressing Command-, (comma) from within the application. For example, to configure
settings for the TextEdit application, open it from Launchpad or your Dock, then from the
TextEdit menu, choose Preferences. Other application preferences can be configured
in similar fashion.
Last Modified: Feb 28, 2013

Mac Basics: The Finder
The Finder in OS X provides you access to your files
and folders.
Learn about the Finder, how to get around in the Finder, and how to find your files and
folders using the Finder.
(This article applies to OS X Lion and Mountain Lion. For Mac OS X v10.6 information, see
this article instead.)
Finder windows
The Finder allows you to visually access practically everything on your Mac, including
applications, hard disks, files, folders, and DVDs. You can use the Finder to organize all
your files and folders as you want, search for stuff anywhere on your Mac, delete things
you don't want, and more.
To see your files, click the Finder icon in the Dock, then click "All My Files" in the sidebar.
Finder windows include a sidebar on the left side. Items are grouped into categories:
favorites, shared, devicesjust like the Source list in iTunes. The favorites portion
contains favorite links to folders which includes Desktop, Documents, Movies, Music,
Pictures, AirDrop, and the Applications folder. The shared portion contains computers
that are connected to your computer though the network. The device portion contains
mounted and accessible volumes you have, such as a hard disk, USB flash drive,
network volume, DVD, and so forth.
1. Window close, minimize and zoom buttons. To close the window, click
the round, red button in the upper-left corner. If you don't want to
close the window but want it out of your way, click the round, yellow
button to minimize the window to the Dock. If a window is full of
stuff, you can resize it by dragging the lower-right corner to make it
bigger, or click the round, green button to maximize the window's
size.
2. Finder window View buttons:
Icon view - Used to display the contents of your folder as a series

of icons. In Icon view, you can view live icon previews that you
can use to thumb through a multipage document or watch a
QuickTime movie.
List view - Used to display your folder in a spreadsheet-style
manner. Each folder can be expanded by clicking on the
disclosure triangle just to the left of the folder. You can easily
sort by file name, date modified, and so forth. Choose Show
View Options from the View menu to add / remove attribute
columns. You can change the sorting from ascending order to
descending order and back again by clicking on the attribute
column title.
Column view - Used to display the hierarchy of your folders

where each column represents a folder.
Cover Flow view - Used to display the contents of your folder just
like the Cover Flow used in iTunes. You can see live previews of
images, documents and movies, and can thumb through
documents and movies.
3. Action Menu - Quick access to Finder functions for highlighted items,

such as Get Info, Move to Trash, and Services.
4. Item Arrangement button - In any view, you can organize the window
by clicking the item arrangement button and choosing one of the
ways to group items.
5. Search Field - Start typing a word or phrase and Spotlight will search
your Mac for any matches.
6. Right pane - The contents of a selected folder are shown in this pane.
7. Pane edge - Drag to resize.
8. Devices - A device connected to your computer, such as a DVD, USB

device, or your Time Machine backup disk.
9. Sidebar - Items are grouped into categories: Favorites, Shared, and

Devicesthe top portion has Favorites which contains quick access
to All My Files, Applications, Desktop, Documents, Downloads,
Movies, Music, and Pictures.
10. Back / Forward buttons - As you move to different places in the Finder
window, you can use the back button to return one step back and the
forward button to go forward.
The contents of the selected folder or volume appear in the right pane. Depending on
what view your Finder window is set to, this pane may look a little different from ours,
our window above is shown in Icons view. In Icons view, you can navigate by double-
clicking folders to view the contents inside.
Viewing a window as a list or columns
If you'd like to change how folder and volume contents appear in the right pane, click
one of the view buttons in the toolbar (item 2 above). For example, when you click the
list view button, the Finder window transforms into this:
List view enables you to see more content in the window than icons view, and displays
some extra file and folder information, such as the last date the item was modified, the
file size, and what kind of item it is. As with Icons view, you can navigate through your
stuff by simply double-clicking folders until you find what you're looking for.
If you'd rather see your stuff displayed in a more hierarchical fashion, click the Columns
view button. In Columns view, the right pane splits into multiple columns to display your
computer's file and folder organization. Instead of double-clicking folders to see what's
inside, select a folder in any column, click on it once, and its contents will appear in
another column to its right. If you really start digging down deep into your folder, you
can drag the bottom-right corner of the Finder window to expand it and see how many
layers you've traveled.
Getting around
When you click All My Files, all files and folders on your computer that you have created
or downloaded, such as documents, photos, music, and movies are displayed in a
categories list according to the types of files.
The Applications folder contains all the applications installed on your Mac. It also
includes a Utilities folder, with apps that are designed to support different functions of
your Mac.
When you put stuff on your desktop, technically it's stored in your user account's
Desktop folder, even though it appears on your desktop. When you bring music into
iTunes, your music files get stored in the iTunes folder in your user's Music folder.
Likewise, iPhoto stores pictures in the Pictures folder and iMovie stores movies in the
Movies folder. You can get quick access to your folders from any Finder window's sidebar.
The Users folder stores all the content for each user account on your Mac; each user has
a separate Home folder that's named after his or her user account name. The
Documents, Downloads, Movies, Music, and Pictures in the favorites section of the
Sources list are subfolders within your Home folder.
Find stuff fast
You can find stuff quickly using the search field in the Finder window. This field uses the
Spotlight technology to scour the disk volume you select. For more information about
using it, see Spotlight. Combine Cover Flow with Spotlight and youve got an amazingly
powerful search tool. Use your mouse pointer and hover over a file to shuffle through
them visually.
Just start typing in the search field, and Spotlight dynamically displays results in the
Finder window and search suggestions will pop-up below the search field that match
your criteria as you type. You can choose where you want Spotlight to look by clicking on
an item in the header, such as Servers, This Mac, Home, and more, that appears just
below the search field in the Finder window. Spotlight will scour the location you select
and organize its search results by kind.
Search tokens
The Finder includes tokensa smart way to filter your searches. When you select a
suggestion, a token is created. Instantly your search is filtered, and you see only the files
that meet those criteria. You can change the scope of the token by clicking the arrow. If
you want to narrow your search even more, you can use multiple tokens together.
Search for specific file types: For example, if you wanted to find all the JPEG (.jpg)
images on your Mac, type .jpg in the search field, and you'll immediately see results pop
into the window. Click This Mac in the header to find all JPEGs on your entire hard disk.
Not only will Spotlight display thumbnails, small images, of your JPEG images, it'll also
list other things that match your criteria, such as documents that contain the word .jpg
in them. You can then access the file right from that Finder window.
Mac Basics: Desktop

The desktop is the space where you see file, folder,
and application windows. Learn about your desktop
and how to customize it.
Elements of the desktop

1. Apple menu () - Access Software Update, System Preferences, Sleep, Shut
Down, and more.
2. Application menu - Contains menus for the application you're currently using. The
name of the application appears in bold next to the Apple menu.
3. Menu bar - Contains the Apple menu, active application menu, status menus,
menu bar extras, Spotlight icon, and Notification Center icon (OS X Mountain Lion).
4. Status menu - Shows the date and time, status of your computer, or gives you
quick access to certain featuresfor example, you can quickly turn on Wi-Fi, turn
off Bluetooth, or mute your computer's volume.
5. Spotlight icon - Click it to bring up the Spotlight search field, where you can
search for anything on your Mac.
6. Notification Center icon - Click it to view Notification Center, which consolidates
your notifications from Messages, Calendar, Mail, Reminders, and third-party apps.
7. Desktop - This is where your applications' windows will appear. You can add more
desktops using Mission Control. If you're using Mac OS X v10.6 or later, you can use
Spaces; see this article.
8. The Dock - Quick access to your most frequently used applications, folders, and
files. With a single click the application, folder, or file opens.
Organize your desktop files and folder
If you download and create files on your desktop, it may become cluttered after some
time. You can organize your desktop files by grouping them into folders on your desktop.
Just select the items you want to group, Control-click one of the selected items, and then
choose "New Folder with Selection" from the shortcut menu. Then enter a name for the
folder. All of the selected files will be grouped in the new folder.
Customize your desktop
You can change the size of icons, arrange them in a grid, and set other preferences for
items on your desktop by changing the view options on your desktop. To change your
desktop view options, click the desktop, and then choose View > Show View Options
from menu bar. You can try the different settings to see which ones you likeyou will
immediately see the effects of your changes.
Change your background

You can change the picture that's displayed on your Mac's desktop. You can choose one
of the desktop pictures that comes with your Mac, a solid color, or one of your own
pictures.
1. Click the Launchpad icon in the Dock, and then click System Preferences. If you're
using Mac OS X v10.6 or later, click the System Preferences icon in the Dock.
2. Click Desktop & Screen Saver, and then click Desktop.
3. To select the kind of desktop picture you want to use, do one of the following:
To use an image that come with your Mac, select a folder under the Apple
section.
To use a solid color, select "Solid Colors" under the Apple section.
To use your own picture, select the Picture folder under "Folders," if the
picture you want is stored in your Pictures folder. If your image is in another
folder, click the Add button (+), then find and select the folder that your
picture is in. Then, click Choose.
4. Select the picture you want in the box on the right.
Decide what's displayed on your desktop
You use Finder preferences to choose what type of items appear on your desktop.
1. Click the desktop.
2. Choose Finder > Preferences, then click General.
3. In the "Show these items on the desktop" section, select the items you want to
appear on your desktop, such as hard disks and external disks.
Last Modified: Dec 28, 2012
Mac Basics: The Dock

Learn how to add and remove items from the Dock,
and how to use Stacks to unclutter your desktop.
The Dock is the bar of icons that sits at the bottom or side of your screen. It provides
easy access to some of the applications on your Mac (such as Mail, Safari, Contacts, and
QuickTime Player), displays which applications are currently running, and holds windows
in their minimized state. It's also the place to find the Trash (its icon looks like a waste
basket). For your convenience, you can add your own applications, files, and folders to
the Dock too.
To select an item in the Dock, simply click its icon. For example, if you want to listen to
some music, click the iTunes icon (the icon with music notes) to open iTunes. When an
application is running, the Dock displays an illuminated dash beneath the application's
icon. To make any currently running application the active one, click its icon in the Dock
to switch to it (the active application's name appears in the menu bar to the right of the
Apple logo).
As you open applications (or open files to launch applications), their respective icons
appear in the Dock, even if they weren't there originally. That means if you've got a lot
of applications open, your Dock will grow substantially. If you minimize a window (click
the round, yellow button in the upper-left corner of any window), the window gets pulled
down into the Dock and waits until you click this icon to bring up the window again.
The Dock keeps applications on its left side, while Stacks and minimized windows are
kept on its right. If you look closely, you'll see a vertical separator line that separates
them. If you want to rearrange where the icons appear within their line limits, just drag a
docked icon to another location on the Dock and drop it.
For more information about Stacks, see this article.
The separator line in the Dock separates the application icons from Stacks and
minimized windows.
When you quit an application whose icon resides in the Dock (such as Safari or Mail), the
illuminated dash disappears, but the icon remains. When you quit an application whose
icon doesn't reside in the Dock (for example, you just finished playing Chess), its icon
disappears from the Dock.
Tip: Control-click or right-click the a Dock item to see a contextual menu of additional
choices.
Adding and removing Dock items
If you want to add an application to the Dock, click the Launchpad icon in the Dock and
drag the application icon to the Dock; the icons in the Dock will move aside to make
room for the new one. If you want to add a file or folder to the Dock, just drag its icon
from any Finder window (or the desktop) and drop it on the Dock. The resulting icon that
appears in the Dock is actually an alias of the original item (it's kind of a pointer to your
original item). If you drag an application or file onto the Dock, you'll be able to open it
anytime by simply clicking its docked icon. If you drag a folder onto the Dock, a Finder
window of the folder's contents will display when you click the folder icon in the Dock.
To remove an item from the Dock, drag its icon an inch or more off the Dock and wait a
couple seconds, then release; the icon will disappear in a poof of smoke. There are some
icons that you can't remove from the Dock, such as the Trash and the Finder.
Don't worry, you aren't permanently removing the item from your computer; you simply
got rid of its Dock icon. If you want that item back in the Dock, locate the application,
file, or folder in the Finder (or with Spotlight), and drag it back into the Dock.
Tip: You can change where the Dock displays and customize its animation style in Dock preferences. See
Customize the Dock.
Emptying Trash
When you need to delete unwanted files or folders, move them to the Trash and empty
it.
This is what the Trash looks like when it's empty.
This is what the Trash looks like when it's got something in it.
You can drag things to the Trash and then open it to see what's inside. However, when
you tell the Trash to empty itself, the items are deleted. To get rid of unwanted items,
simply drag the item from the Finder and drop it onto the Trash icon in the Dock. The
item will remain in the Trash folder (click the Trash icon to view its contents) until you
either move it out of the Trash (if you decide to keep it) or empty it. From the Finder
menu, choose Empty Trash.
If you're deleting sensitive files, such as electronic banking statements, tax returns,
documents that contain social security numbers or passwords, you can choose to have
your Mac securely empty the Trash: From the Finder menu, choose Secure Empty
Trash. This makes your Mac write over your deleted files, greatly reducing the chances
it could ever be recovered. This process can take some time, depending on what you're
deleting.
Last Modified: Jul 31, 2013
Mac Basics: Stacks

Learn how to add and remove folders and files to
Stacks in the Dock.
Stacks
A stack is a Dock item that gives you fast access to a folder. When you click a Stack, the
files and folders within spring from the Dock in a fan or a grid, depending on the number
of items (or the preference you set). OS X starts you off with the Downloads Stack. The
Downloads Stack contains files you download from Safari, Mail, and Messages. You can
create as many Stacks as you wish simply by dragging folders to the right side of your
Dock.
You can customize a Stack by right-clicking or control-clicking on the stack. The

customize menu includes the following options:
Sort by - You can select to have items sorted by Name, Date Added, Date
Modified, Date Created, or Kind.
Display as - Displays the icon in the Dock as the folder's actual icon or as a stack
of icons of the folder contents.
View content as - Determines what Stack type is used when you click the icon:
Fan - Shows folder content in the Fan stack, organized by your sort option.
Grid - Shows folder content in the Grid stack, organized by your sort
option.
List - Shows the folder contents as a list, organized by your sort option.
Each sub-folder opens another list and so on, until you reach the end of the
directory structure. To open an application or document, simply click it.
Automatic - This lets OS X determine the best view content option. When
there are a few items, the Fan stack is used. Once you have loaded your folder
with enough items, OS X changes your view content type to the Grid stack.
Tip: Within the Stack, you can click and drag on the icons in your fan or grid stack to
another folder, the Trash, an external drive icon, your desktop, or other locations.
Fan
Fan Stacks show a portion of your folder content and arrange the icons so that the
closest icon to the Dock is based on the order of the "Sort by" option you have selected.
For example, if you select the "Sort by" option of "Date Added", the Fan Stack expands
showing the icons of the most recently added items closest to the Dock. This is the
default setting of your Downloads folder, making it easy to open, copy, or move your
latest download.
Fan Stack elements

1. Open Finder icon - Click it to open the stack in a Finder window.
2. Items in the Stack - Click an item to open it.
Grid
Grid Stacks show the folder content as a matrix of icons arranged by your "Sort by"
option.
Grid Stacks are scrollable and allow you to navigate folders. You can click a folder in the
Stack to open that folder. An arrow button appears in the upper left of the Stack you just
opened. Click it to go back to the folder you came from. If there are more icons than can
be shown, a scroll bar appears.
Grid Stack elements

1. Return to parent folder arrow - Click it to return to the parent folder.
2. Items in the Stack - Click an item to open it.
3. Open Finder icon - Click it to open the stack in a Finder window.
4. Scroll bar - Present only when there are more icons to show.
Last Modified: Jan 1, 2013
Mac Basics: Mission Control

With a three finger swipe up on the trackpad, Mission
Control brings together full-screen apps, Dashboard,
Expos, and Desktops, giving you an overview of
everything on your system.
Mission Control
Get a birds-eye view of all the open windows and apps on your Mac. Just swipe up with
three fingers on your trackpad or click the Mission Control icon in the Dock, and your
desktop zooms out to Mission Control.
Enter Mission Control with one of these methods
On a trackpad or Magic Mouse, swipe up with three fingers or double tap (not
double-click) with two fingers
On an Apple keyboard, press the F3 or fn-F9 key combination
Click the Mission Control icon in the Dock
Click the Mission Control icon in Launchpad
Elements of Mission Control

1. Dashboard - Click it to enter Dashboard
2. Desktop - The desktop you are currently in, as indicated by its white border
Tip: To close a desktop other than Desktop 1 - hover your cursor over the
desktop you want to close, then click the X icon that appears in the upper left.
3. Full-screen applications
4. Add Desktop button - Appears when the cursor is in the upper right; click it to add
a new Desktop or drag an application window or the application icon to it to move
the application to a new Desktop.
5. Application windows - Move your cursor to highlight, then click on the window you
want to move to the foreground
Tip: Press the Space bar and the highlighted window zooms in for a
preview; press the Space bar again to zoom out
Tip: To expand multiple application windows, like Safari has above, use
one of these methods:
Magic Trackpad - Swipe two fingers up to expand; swipe two fingers

down to collapse
Magic Mouse - Swipe one finger up to expand; swipe one finger

down to collapse
* When enough desktops are created, their labels disappear and the desktops magnify
as your cursor hovers over them, to reveal their label.
Exit Mission Control
Use one of these methods:
On a Magic Trackpad or Magic Mouse, swipe three fingers down
Double tap (not double-click) with two fingers
Click the desktop you wish to go to

Click the application window you would like to go to, even one that is zoomed
Mac Basics: Modify your windows

There are many things you can do to make your
Finder windows more efficient or more entertaining
the choice is yours.
There are lots of ways to customize your Finder windows.
Change window element colors and functionality
1. From the Apple () menu, choose System Preferences.
2. Choose View > General.

To change the colors of the window elements from the default blue appearance,
you can choose Graphite from the Appearance pop-up menu to make OS X take on
a cool, monochromatic graphite color.
To change the highlight color, choose any color from the Highlight color pop-up
menu. Or, use a custom color by choosing Other from the Highlight color pop-up
menu, then selecting a color in the resulting Colors window.
To change the size of the sidebar icon from the default Medium size, you can
choose Small or Large from the Sidebar icon size pop-up menu. See below for
more sidebar options.
If you'd rather have the scroll bars always visible or always visible when scrolling,
click the "When scrolling" or "Always" radio button, respectively, next to "Show
scroll bars."
You can change how many items are displayed in your Recent Items list in the Go
menu, how to handle font smoothing and window closing, and more.
Modify the sidebar

Your commonly used folders are listed in the sidebar in the Favorites section.
To add a folder to the Finder window's sidebar, drag the folder to the Favorites
section in the sidebara horizontal line displays to indicate the tentative position
and drop it.
To remove a folder from the sidebar, simply Command-click the folder and drag it
out of the sidebarthe folder disappears in a puff of smoke. You can also right-click
the selected folder and choose Remove from Sidebar. The original will remain intact
on your Mac.
If you want to rearrange the order of items in your sidebar Favorites, just select
an item and drag it to the desired position.
You can hide the sidebar by dragging the vertical barthe one that separates the
sidebar from the rest of the windowall the way to the left of the window. If you
want the sidebar back, simply drag the left side of the Finder window to the right to
reveal the sidebar.
You can also modify your Finder window's sidebar preferences.
1. From the Finder menu, choose Preferences to open Finder preferences.
2. Click Sidebar to display its preferences.

3. Select the checkbox next to the items that you want to see displayed in your
sidebar Favorites, Shared, and Devices lists.
Customize the toolbar

You can customize the commands available in your toolbar.
To change the contents in the Finder window toolbar, choose Customize Toolbar
from the View menu.
In the dialog sheet that appears, drag whatever items you want to add onto the
toolbar (such as Burn, Eject, Get Info, and more).
To remove a toolbar item, simply drag it off the toolbar.
To rearrange stuff in the toolbar, just drag an item to the desired location.
To group items so that they appear separated from others, drag a "Space" or
"Flexible Space" item to the toolbar to create a separation.
You can have the toolbar display only icons, show icons and text, or display text
only. From the Show pop-up menu at the bottom of the dialog, choose your
preference.
When finished, click Done.
You can also add items, such as files, folders, and applications, to the toolbar by
clicking and dragging the item to the location where you want it in the Finder
window toolbar. Your cursor turns to a green (+) to indicate that the item will be
added to the toolbar. To remove an item from the Finder window toolbar, command-
click the item and drag it off the toolbar and let it go into a puff of smoke.
Drag and drop a file to open it in a specific application. For example, you can drag
a text document onto Textedit in the toolbar to open it.
Change the view and view options

Depending on your window's view, you can modify how it displays its contents.
To change a Finder window's view, click the appropriate button in the toolbar, or
choose as Icons, as List, as Columns, or as Cover Flow from the View menu. (For
more information on Finder window views, see The Finder.)
To customize the window further by view, choose View > Show View Options.
If you choose List, Icons, Columns, or Cover Flow view, you can choose whether to
apply your settings to only the current window or to all windows. Select the
appropriate checkbox at the top of the View options window.
In each view option you can modify what displayed and viewable. For example,
with Columns view you can modify the text size, and icon and preview column
visibility. In List view, you can modify the icon and text size, select what file
information to display in columns, and more.
Label Finder items with color
For visual organization, use color labels to separate one categorical group of folders and
files from others. You can make any application, file, or folder stand out from the rest by
giving it a color label. To do this:
1. Select an item in Finder.
2. From the File menu, choose a color under Label, or choose a color from the
Finder window's Action menu.
You can also change the name of the label to further distinguish each color in the Finder
window.
1. From the Finder menu, choose Preferences to open Finder preferences.

2. Click Labels to display the label name fields.
3. Enter the label name you want to designate for each color.
Put color and pictures in windows

You can add a background or paint windows with color. If you display a Finder window in
Icons view, you can display a picture as the window backdrop or change its color.
1. Select a folder whose contents you'd like to see all spruced up and double-click it
to open it.
2. From the View menu, choose as Icons if the window isn't already in Icons view.
3. From the View menu, choose Show View Options.
4. To put an image in the window, under the Background header, select the Picture
radio button, then skip to step 6. To change the background color, select the Color
radio button.
5. To select a color, click the color swatch that appears next to the Color radio
button, and select a color in the resulting Colors window.
6. Drag a picture to the image box that appears next to the Picture radio button.
Mac Basics: Change your screen

saver
Learn how to change the screen saver. You can even
use your own slideshow creation.
Change your screen saver in Mountain Lion

Mountain Lion contains several preinstalled screen savers
To change your screen saver:
2. From the View menu, choose Desktop & Screen Saver.
3. Click the Screen Saver tab to display the Screen Saver preferences.
Screen Savers appear in the left pane. The right pane displays a
preview of the selected screen saver.
4. Select one of the Screen Savers in the left pane. To see a full-screen
preview, hover your cursor over the right pane and click the
"Preview" button.
To create a slideshow screen saver, do one of the following:
1. In the Screen Saver preferences window, select one of the slideshow

choices, such as Floating, Reflections, Origami, Shifting Tiles, and so
forth. A small preview appears in the right pane. To see a full-screen
preview, hover your cursor over the right pane and click the
"Preview" button.
2. Change the source for your slideshow if you wish. Mountain Lion
comes with some default collections: National Geographic, Aerial,
Cosmos, and Nature Patterns.
If you have iPhoto installed (a part of iLife), you can choose a

recent iPhoto Event or your photo library.
You can also choose a folder of images on your computer to use

for your slideshow.
Change your screen saver in OS X Lion or earlier

Here are some other things you can do in Screen Saver preferences:
Click Screen Saver Options (or Options, in OS X Lion and earlier) to

view the selected screen saver's user-configurable display settings
and adjust them to your liking. These settings will vary screen saver
to screen saver; some do not have options.
Change the "Start after:" pop-up menu (or slide the "Start screen
saver" slider left or right in Lion or earlier) to change the time, in
minutes, at which the screen saver begins to play.
If you'd like the ability to start the screen saver manually, click Hot
Corners. In the resulting dialog, choose "Start Screen Saver" from any
of the four corner pop-up menus and click "OK". The screen saver will
start when you move your arrow to the chosen screen corner.
If you just can't decide, click "Random" (or select "Use random screen
saver" in Lion or earlier) and your Mac will randomly select a screen
saver when it goes into screen saver mode.
Tip: If you want to have a password prompt appear when exiting the screen saver or
waking your Mac, use Security & Privacy preferences.
Get Started
To use iCloud, make sure you have the following:
iOS, Mac OS X, or Windows
Your device must have one of the following operating systems:
iPhone, iPod touch, or iPad: iOS 5 or later
Mac: OS X Lion 10.7.2 or later
Windows: Windows Vista or Windows 7 with Outlook 2007 or 2010, and the iCloud
Control Panel
For complete details, please refer to iCloud supported system requirements.
Apple ID
You need an Apple ID to sign up for iCloud. You may already have an Apple ID if you've
purchased or downloaded content from iTunes Store, App Store, and iBookstore, or signed in to
Game Center or FaceTime. Learn how to create or manage your account, find out if you already
have an Apple ID, and more.
Basics
How to set up iCloud
Get iCloud up and running on your iPhone, iPad, iPod touch, Mac or PC.
iCloud: System requirements
This article provides an overview of the recommended system requirements for getting the
best experience with iCloud. It also provides the minimum system requirements.
Using your Apple ID for Apple services
Learn more about Apple IDs and using your Apple ID with Apple services, such as iCloud and
the iTunes Store.
iCloud: System requirements

This article provides an overview of the
recommended system requirements for getting the
best experience with iCloud. It also provides the
minimum system requirements.
Recommended system requirements
Meeting the following system requirements will allow you to take advantage of all the
latest iCloud features and get the best overall user experience.
iPhone, iPad, iPod touch
iOS 6 or later
iWork for iOS 1.7 or later: Pages, Numbers, and Keynote (for purchase
from the App Store)
Mac
OS X Mountain Lion v10.8.2 or later
iTunes 11 or later (for iTunes in the Cloud and iTunes Match)
iPhoto 11 version 9.4 or later or Aperture 3.4 or later (for Photo

Stream)
Safari 6 or later (for iCloud.com, Bookmarks, and iCloud Tabs), Firefox

16 or later or Chrome 23 or later (for iCloud.com)
iWork '09: Pages 4.3 or later, Number 2.3 or later, and Keynote 5.3 or
later (for purchase from the Mac App Store)
PC
Microsoft Windows 7 or 8
iCloud Control Panel 2.1.2 or later
iTunes 11 or later (for iTunes in the Cloud and iTunes Match)
Outlook 2007 or 2010 or iCloud.com
Safari 5.1.7 or later or Internet Explorer 9 or later (for iCloud.com and

Bookmarks), Firefox 16 or later or Chrome 23 or later (for iCloud.com)
Apple TV
Apple TV software version 5.1 or later

Minimum operating system requirements
You may also use iCloud with the following operating system versions:
iPhone, iPad, iPod touch
iOS 5*
Mac
OS X Lion v10.7.5 or later*
PC
Microsoft Windows Vista (Service Pack 2)
* Note: Although you can use iOS 5 and OS X Lion as noted above, you will not be able
to take advantage of some iCloud features, such as Shared Photo Streams, iCloud Tabs,
Find My iPhone Lost Mode, Documents in the Cloud for iWork, and Find My Friends
location-based alerts.
Last Modified: Apr 11, 2013
Fermer
Votre identifiant Apple correspond votre nom dutilisateur pour toutes vos
activits lies Apple. Il vous permet de faire des achats dans liTunes Store,
dactiver iCloud sur tous vos appareils, dacheter dans lApple Store en ligne,
deffectuer une rservation dans un magasin Apple Store, d'accder
lassistance Apple et bien plus encore.
En savoir plus sur les identifiants Apple
Grer votre identifiant Apple
Modifiez vos prfrences, vos paramtres de confidentialit, et tenez vos informations jour.
Rinitialiser votre mot de passe Crer un identifiant Apple
Linscription est rapide et facile, et vous permet daccder tous les services dApple.
Trouvez votre identifiant Apple
1. Home
2. Mon identifiant Apple
3.
Copyright 2013 Apple Inc. Tous droits rservs.
Conditions d'utilisation
Engagement de confidentialit
Assistance pour lidentifiant Apple
Bienvenue
Principes de base
Mot de passe
Grer un compte
Comptes multiples
Scurit et confidentialit
Contacter lassistance
Se connecter Mon ID Apple
Bienvenue
Un identifiant Apple correspond lidentifiant de connexion que vous utilisez pour pratiquement toutes
vos activits lies Apple, y compris lutilisation diCloud pour stocker vos donnes, le tlchargement
dapplications dans lApp Store, et lachat de musique, de films et de sries TV dans liTunes Store.
Consultez les questions frquemment poses lies lidentifiant Apple.
Questions frquemment poses lies lidentifiant Apple
Identifiant Apple ou mot de passe oubli ?
Trouver votre identifiant Apple

Rcuprer votre mot de passe
Vous souhaitez modifier votre identifiant Apple ou votre mot de passe ?
Modifier votre identifiant Apple

Modifier votre mot de passe
Features
How to Set Up
Get iCloud up and running on your Mac in a few easy steps. Then set up
iCloud for your iPad, iPhone, iPod touch, or PC.
iPhone, iPad,
and iPod touch
Mac
Windows PC
Make sure your Mac is running OS X v10.7.4 or later.
If you dont have the latest version of OS X, you can purchase it from the Mac App Store.
To get the most out of iCloud on your Mac, install OS X Mountain Lion (v10.8).
Turn on iCloud.
Choose System Preferences from the Apple menu on your Mac. Click iCloud, enter your
Apple ID, and select the services youd like to enable.
Want to use a different Apple ID for iTunes? Learn more
Free iCloud email account.

With iCloud, you can get an iCloud.com email account thats ad-free, is up to date
everywhere you check it, and includes webmail at iCloud.com. Just select Mail in iCloud
preferences and follow the onscreen instructions.
Enable Photo Stream in iPhoto or Aperture.
Open iPhoto 11 (version 9.2 or later) or Aperture (version 3.2 or later) and click the
Photo Stream icon in the left column. Then click Turn On Photo Stream. Shared Photo
Streams require iPhoto 9.4, Aperture 3.4, and OS X v 10.8.2 or later.
Enable automatic downloads in iTunes.
To enable automatic downloads for your music, apps, and books, open iTunes and
choose Preferences. Then click Store and select Music, Apps, and Books.* (Requires
iTunes 10.5 or later.)
Turn on iCloud for the rest of your devices.
To get the most out of iCloud, set it up everywhere.
Set up iCloud on your iPad,

iPhone, or iPod touch

Set up iCloud
on your PC
Apple ID: How to find your Apple ID

Learn how to find your Apple ID if you have forgotten
it or if you are not sure that you have one.
An Apple ID is your username for everything you do with Apple: shopping the iTunes
store, signing in to iCloud, buying an app, using iMessage, and more. It is best to set up
a single Apple ID and use it with all your Apple Services. Using multiple Apple IDs
simultaneously or over time can be confusing and may cause issues accessing
purchased content or using some services.
Before creating a new Apple ID, find out if you already have one by following these
steps:
1. Go to My Apple ID and click "Find your Apple ID."

2. Complete all the required fields that might be associated with your
Apple ID.
Note: If multiple email addresses have an Apple ID, select your

current or most recently used email address.
3. You'll be presented with two options. Choose Option 1 to request an

email from Apple, or Option 2 to answer the security question you set
up when you first created your Apple ID.
Note: You'll proceed as if you're going to reset your Apple ID

password.
(Email option shown)
4. By following the emailed link or answering the security question,

you'll be presented with the option to reset your Apple ID password.
Your Apple ID is shown in bold.
Apple ID: Changing your Apple ID
password
Learn how to change your Apple ID password.
If you can't remember your Apple ID password, or want to change it, use the password
retrieval process at My Apple ID. Follow these steps to change your Apple ID password:
1. Go to My Apple ID and click "Manage your Apple ID."
2. On the next page, enter your Apple ID name and password and click Sign in.
3. Click Password and Security, and then change your security questions by either
selecting security questions and entering answers, or by creating your own security
questions and answers.
Note: If you have enabled two-step verification, see Frequently asked questions
about two-step verification for Apple ID.
4. Click Change Password.
5. Enter your old password, your new password, and confirm it.
Note: You can change your security questions, birthdate, or add a rescue email
address in the same screen.
If you'd like more information, see Changing your Apple ID name.
Apple ID: Changing the email

address you use for your Apple ID
Learn how to change the email address you use for
your Apple ID.
If your primary email address for your Apple ID ends in @icloud.com,

@me.com, or @mac.com
Apple IDs that use iCloud email addresses (addresses ending in @icloud.com, @me.com,
or @mac.com) cannot be changed to another email address.
If your primary email address for your Apple ID does not end in @icloud.com,
@me.com, or @mac.com
Note: If your Apple ID and your primary email address are currently the same, changing
the primary email address will also change your Apple ID. If your Apple ID and your
primary email address are different, changing your primary email address will not
change your Apple ID.
Follow these steps to change the primary email address for your Apple ID:
1. Go to My Apple ID (appleid.apple.com), click "Manage your Apple ID," and sign in.
2. With the Name, ID, and Email Address drawer selected, click Edit next to Apple ID
and Primary Email Address.
3. Enter your new email address.
Ensure that the email address you enter:

Is one that you regularly use since this will be the primary email for your account
Is a valid email address
Is not already associated with another Apple ID you have
Is not an address that ends in @mac.com. @me.com, or @icloud.com
You will be asked to verify the email address to confirm that you can access it and that it
belongs to you. When you receive the verification email, click the Verify Now link and
sign in using your Apple ID and password to complete the confirmation.
To make other changes to your Apple ID account information, see Frequently

asked questions about Apple ID.
Visit Apple ID support for more information.
Using Applications
Explore how to use Mac applications and do some basic tasks, including installing and updating
software, saving files, creating accounts, and more.
Mail (OS X Mountain Lion)
Learn about Mail in OS X Mountain Lion.
Safari 6 in OS X Mountain Lion
Learn about using Safari 6 in Mountain Lion, as well as ways to personalize your browsing
experience.

iTunes Support
Learn how to launch and use iTunes, back up or move music, rebuild your library, and more.
Time Machine
Learn how to set up Time Machine to perform backups, how to restore items, how to use
System Restore to return your entire Mac to a specific date, how to migrate backups to a new
Mac, and more.
Launchpad
Launchpad lets you see, organize, and easily open your apps. Learn how to use and organize
Launchpad in OS X.
Messages
Learn about the features of Messages in Mountain Lion and how to configure it.
Font Book
The Font Book application lets you install, remove, view, organize, validate, enable, and disable
fonts. Fonts are styles of type that your computer uses to display and print text. OS X comes
with ...
QuickTime Player
QuickTime Player lets you play back your media using an uncluttered interface with controls
that fade out when theyre not needed.
Dashboard
Learn about the Dashboard and widgets in OS X.
Automator
Automator is your personal automation assistant, making it easy for you to do more, and with
less hassle. With Automator, you use a simple drag-and-drop process to create and run
automation ...
TextEdit
TextEdit is a highly versatile word processor included with OS X. Learn about it editing tools and
different file formats it supports.
Preview
Preview makes it easy to read Portable Document Files (PDFs) and open popular image files
including JPEG, TIFF, and PNG.
Dictation
Learn about Dictation in Mountain Lion.
Spotlight
Learn how to use Spotlight when you need to find something on your Mac fast and easy.
iMovie
If you want to quickly assemble a few video clips or fine-tune your masterpiece, iMovie is the
perfect place to do it all. Import your video from virtually any digital camcorder, and drag and
drop ...
Notification Center
Learn about Notification Center and its options.
Mac Basics: Mail (OS X Mountain Lion)

Learn about Mail in OS X Mountain Lion.
What's new in Mail for Mountain Lion?
VIPs
Keep track of messages from especially important people by making them VIPs. You can
make up to 100 people VIPs.
Your VIPs are identified by a star to the left of their names in messages you receive from
them. Mail adds a mailbox for each VIP to the Favorites bar, so it is easy to get their
messages.
Use one of these methods to make someone a VIP:
In a Mail message move the cursor to the left of someone's name, click the star
that appears to toggle their VIP status.
In a Mail message move the cursor to the right of someone's name, click the
downward pointing arrow and choose "Add to VIPs" or "Remove from VIPs".
Tip: Turn on iCloud Contacts to make your VIPs available to your other Macs that run
Mountain Lion and use iCloud Contacts.
Notifications
Mail uses Notification Center, a new feature in OS X Mountain Lion.
New email messages will generate a Banner showing the sender, subject line, and the
beginning of the message.
Tip: Click the Notification banner to go directly to the message.
Note: Mail notifications appear when Mail is running and in the background.
iCloud account
With an iCloud account, you can use Mail on your Mac and have instant access to your
messages and mailboxes on other computers and iOS 5 and later devices that use
iCloud Mail.
If you use Contacts with your iCloud account, your VIPs and Previous Recipients are
available on your other Macs running Mountain Lion that use iCloud Contacts.
If you use iCloud Documents & Data, your Rules, Signatures, Flag names and Smart
Mailboxes are also available on your other Macs that use iCloud Documents & Data.
Share Safari webpages in different formats

When you share a webpage in Safari, it will generate a new message containing the
webpage title in the Subject, a link to the webpage with the content of the webpage in
different formats. From the "Send Web Content As:" pop-up menu, choose one of the
following formats:
Reader: If the webpage is Safari reader capable, you can send the webpage in
Safari's reader format. The option is dimmed if the webpage is not Safari reader
capable.
Web Page: Send the actual webpage in your message.
PDF: A PDF of the webpage content will be attached to the message.
Link Only: The message will have a link to the article.
Setting up Mail
When you first open Mail you will see the "Welcome to Mail" dialog
Simply fill in your full name, email address, and password. Click "Continue".
Mail has the settings for the most popular email service providers and hundreds more.
Tip: Press the Option key when clicking "Continue" if you need to manually enter the
server settings of known email service providers.
If an email address is entered where Mail has no email server settings, follow the
onscreen instructions to manually enter in the email service providers server settings.
Note: Use this online PDF to gather the email service providers server settings.
To add another email account follow one of these steps:
In Mail select File > Add Account then follow the onscreen instructions.
Select Apple menu > System Preferences > Mail, Contacts &
Calendars
Click your email service provider or "Add Other Account" then follow the
onscreen instructions.
Composing a new message
Use one of the following methods to create a new message:
In Mail, press Command-N (N).
In Mail select File > New Message.
Press the "Compose new message " button in the Mail toolbar.
Follow these steps to compose your message:
1. Type in a name in the "To:" field. It will auto fill with email addresses from
Contacts or from a past message you received or sent. If you are sending to a new
person, type in their full email address.
If you would like to send a carbon copy (CC) if the email message, click the
"CC:" field and type in the name of those you want to CC the message to.
2. Type in a descriptive subject for your message.

3. Type in the body of the message rich content including text, emoji emoticons (via
the character viewer). You can also drag and drop pictures, movies, audio files,
PDF's etc.
Click the paperclip button ( ) in the toolbar to drop down the "Choose
File" sheet. Highlight attachments then click "Choose File" to attach.
Click the "Show format bar" button ( ) to toggle exposing the inline
format bar, where you can choose fonts, font size, font color, bold, italic,
underline, test alignment, insert or modify a list and indent text.
Click the "Photo Browser" button ( ) to toggle exposing the Photo

Browser, where look through your iPhoto or Aperture libraries for images to
attach to your messages. Tip: How you organize your photos in iPhoto or
Aperture is carried into the Photo Browser.
Click the "Show Stationary" button ( ) to toggle exposing email

stationary, where you can choose from many pre-made rich content email
message stationary. Tip: Create your own stationary. Compose your email
message and in Mail select File > Save as Stationary then give it a name.
Once you have finished composing your message, click the send button (
) or press Shift-Command-D (--D).
Tip: Press Command-S (-S) to save the message in your draft mailbox. You can then
close it and open it later to edit further or send. Note: If you are in full-screen mode,
click the "Cancel" button and you will see a Save sheet appear to save your draft.
Important: See this article if you have any issue sending or receiving email messages.
Viewing messages
Elements of Mail's main window:

1. Get new message button Click it to get messages from all your accounts.
2. Compose new message Click it to create a new message to compose.
3. Favorites Bar Contains the following items:
Show / Hide Mailbox List Click it to toggle exposing the Mailbox List.
Favorite Mailboxes Drag any Mailbox onto it to add. Drag any Mailbox off
it to remove.
VIPs Present when you have nominated one or more email addresses as a
VIP. Each VIP will get their own Mailbox that you can select when you click on
the downward-pointing arrow.
4. Delete message / Mark as Junk buttons Clicking the Trash can will delete all
highlighted messages. Clicking the Thumbs Down button will mark all highlighted
messages as Junk.
5. Reply / Reply All/ Forward buttons
Tip: If you click the Reply button but then realize you wanted to Reply All,
click the Reply All button in your message to convert.
6. Flag message button Flags all highlighted messages. Click the downward-
pointing arrow to select the Flag color.
7. Message control bezel Appears when your cursor hovers over this area of the
message. The controls are:
Trash Delete the message
Reply Reply to the sender of the message.
Reply All Reply to the sender and all recipients of the message.
Forward Forward the message to another recipient.
8. Search field Search your messages contained in Mailboxes highlighted in the

Favorites Bar. See the searching Mail section for more information.
9. Full Screen Mode button Click it to get Mail to enter Full Screen Mode.
10. List of message previews Shows senders name, Time or Date of message,
Subject line of message, First part of body of message.
Tip: Click the "Sort by Date" pop-up menu for other sorting options. Menu
will change its name to the option you select.
11. Second message in a conversation A convenient way to read a email message
thread.
Tip: Press the Spacebar when you highlight pictures, movies and other media for Quick
Look.
Searching Mail
Mail has a very easy and power Spotlight-based search tool to quickly help you find the
content you are looking for.
Like any search field, if you type in something and press return you will see a list of
messages in order of relevance to what you entered. By leveraging the search tip that
will appear under the search field, you can quickly refine your search to a more relevant
result.
For example:
1. Enter "Smith" and pause notice the search tip list appearing below the search
field. Select a relevant person listed by clicking their name.
Tip: Click the "From" pop-up menu to change the type of user selected.
2. Enter "Last" and pause The search tip now has date fields to choose from.
Select "Last Year" by clicking it.
3. Enter "Attachments" and pause Select Message has attachments by clicking it.
4. Enter some text you expect to see in the message; for example, "download".
With just a few quick steps you can quickly find messages from Smith, received in
the last year, that has attachments and has the word download in the message.
You can also enter in multiple names and other attributes to further hone your search.
Organizing Mail
Mailboxes
You can create traditional Mailboxes to move your messages into. They are like folders
used in the Finder.
Follow these steps to create a Mailbox:
1. In Mail select Mailbox > New Mailbox
2. In the sheet that appears, choose the location for the Mailbox:
On My Mac will create a Mailbox that resides on only your Mac.
An email service such as iCloud will create a Mailbox on the email server
that can be accessed by any device that you log onto.
3. Name the Mailbox and click OK.
Click the "Show" button on the left side of the Favorites Bar to expose the Mailbox list or
press Shift-Command-M. The Mailbox list is like the sidebar of a Finder window. Moving
the cursor to the right side of the Mailbox list next to the group name will show the
Hide / Show option. Click it to toggle the exposure of the Mailbox group content.
Use one of the following methods to move messages into your Mailboxes
Drag and drop highlighted messages into the Mailbox you would like to move
them into. Even a Mailbox that is on your Favorites bar.
Control click highlighted messages > Select "Move To" or "Copy To" > Select the
Mailbox.
Create Mail Rules the move or copy messages matching the Rules criteria into the
predetermined Mailbox.
Smart Mailboxes
You can create Smart Mailboxes to dynamically organize your messages based on a set
of rules you establish. They are like Smart Folders used in the Finder.
Follow these steps to create a Smart Mailbox:
1. In Mail select Mailbox > New Smart Mailbox
2. In the sheet that appears, give the Smart Mailbox an intuitive name.
3. Select a "Contains messages that " pop-up menu option:

all = messages have to meet every one of the criteria you set.
any = messages have to meet just one of the criteria you set.
4. Enter in the first criteria for the Smart Mailbox. Criteria can be:
email address of the sender or receiver
Date of the message
Sender is a VIP
Message attribute Flagged, Unread, Priority, Replied to or Not Replied to,

in Mailbox or Not in Mailbox, Attachment Name or Type, and so forth
5. Add criteria to refine the Smart Mailbox further by clicking the "+" icon to the
right of the first criteria. Add as many additional criteria attributes as you like.
6. Check "Include messages from Trash / Sent" if you would like to include those
locations to look for matching messages.
7. Click OK to create the Smart Mailbox.
Once created messages that match the criteria you set will automatically appear in the
Smart Mailbox. Note: Messages are not moved into a Smart Mailbox, they still reside in
the Inbox or other Mailbox.
Rules
Mail Preferences has a "Rules" section where you can create Rules to automatically
manage your messages.
Follow these steps to create a Rule:
1. In Mail select Mail > Preferences > Rules > Click "Add Rule".
2. In the sheet that appears, give the Rule an intuitive name.
3. Select a "If" pop-up menu option.
all = messages have to meet every one of the criteria you set.
any = messages have to meet just one of the criteria you set.
4. Enter in the first criteria for the Rule. Criteria can be virtually the same as a Smart
Folder, shown above.
5. Add criteria to refine the Rule further by clicking the "+" icon to the right of the
first criteria. Add as many additional criteria attributes as you like.
6. Select the actions to be taken for messages that meet the criteria you set.
Actions are:
Move / Copy the message select the Mailbox to Move / Copy the
message.
Set color of Message
Send Notification
Reply / Forward / Redirect Message
Delete / Mark as Read / Flag Message
Run AppleScript
7. Add another action to perform by clicking the "+" icon to the left of the first
action.
8. Click OK to create the Rule.
Tip: If you use iCloud Documents & Data, your rules are available on your other Macs
that also use iCloud Documents & Data.
You can also Edit, Duplicate or Remove an existing Rule.
Securing Mail
You can get a personal certificate (Digital ID) from any number of third-party certificate
authorities that can resolve to your verified email address. Just search for the term
"Digital ID" to find a certificate authority that can issue a certificate for you.
Tip: You can also use the personal certificate (Digital ID) to sign and encrypt messages
in iOS devices as well.
Once imported into your keychain, Mail will automatically securely sign your email
messages (this is not the same as adding your personal signature). A message that is
certificate-signed has its integrity guaranteed, as any alterations to the message will
break the signature.
People you exchange emails with who also certificate-sign their email messages with
their personal certificates (Digital ID), will enable Mail to encrypt messages that you
send and receive with them.
With everything in place, you will see these functions and indicators in Mail:
Your email messages will have a digital signing button. It is checked by default,
enabling your message to be signed. Click it to not sign your message.
= Composing signed message = Composing unsigned message
Once you have exchanged emails with someone who signed a message, you can
encrypt the message. A padlock icon will be present. Locked indicates an encrypted
message and Unlocked indicates an unencrypted message.
= Composing encrypted message = Composting unencrypted message
Received messages that are signed will have a "Security:" field under the
recipients email address containing a check mark icon, the word "Signed" and the
email address of the signer.
Received messages that are encrypted will have in the Security field: A padlock
icon, the word "Encrypted" and the same signed indicator as above.
Important: Do not delete from Keychain your expired personal certificates (Digital ID).
You will need them to decrypt past messages.

Mac Basics: Safari 6 in OS X Mountain
Lion
Learn about using Safari 6 in Mountain Lion, as well
as ways to personalize your browsing experience.
The Safari 6 web browser window
Below is the Safari 6 window in OS X Mountain Lion. Some of the window elements can
be customized, as described below.
1. Show the previous page / Show the next page

2. Show iCloud Tabs button Click this to see the last webpages you
browsed in Safari on your other iCloud-registered devices. Note:
iCloud Tabs on iPhone, iPad, and iPod touch requires iOS 6.
3. Share button Click it to send the webpage to the following:
4. Smart Search field Type in a word or phrase to search, a webpage

address, title or bookmark.
5. Bookmarks bar Bookmark your favorite webpages so you can get to

them quickly.
Tip: Use iCloud to sync your bookmarks with your other iCloud
registered devices.
The following items are on its left side:

= Show / Hide Reading List A blue progress bar ( ) will
pass over the icon as the webpage is saved for offline reading.
= Show / Hide Bookmarks and History.
= Show Top Sites.
6. Tabbed browsing bar Shows webpages in tabs. To close a tab, click
the button that appears in the left of the tab when the cursor hovers
over it.
The following items are on its right side:

= Add new webpage tab Click to open a new tab
= Show All Tabs Click to show tabs in Tab View
7. Reload / Cancel webpage loading Click it to reload the webpage.

Becomes the webpage load cancel button when webpage is loading.
Tip: When in private browsing mode, the private banner (

) will appear just to the left of the reload button. Click it to exit
private browsing.
8. Reader button Has the following states:
= Webpage is reader capable Click it to show Reader.
= In Reader mode Click it to hide Reader.
= Webpage is not Reader capable.
9. Download Popover button Appears with a blue progress bar when

you start a download and you will see a Safari icon fly across the
screen to the downloads folder on the Dock. Click the Download
Popover button to expose it, where you have these options.
Click the "X" icon to stop a download.
Click the orange resume icon to resume a download.
Click the magnifying glass icon to find the downloaded file on

your Mac.
Tab View
New in Safari 6 is Tab View, which shows you all open tabs.
Use one of these methods to show all tabs.
Click the "Show all tabs" button in the Tabbed browsing bar.
Pinch in with two fingers when you are viewing the webpage in its full
size.
In Safari select View > Show All Tabs or press Shift-Command-\

(\).
Use one of these methods to navigate the tabs.
Use two finger swipes to the left or right.

Click a tab bullet.
Use the left and right arrow keys.
Use one of these methods to zoom in on the selected tab.
Click a tab.
Pinch out with two fingers to zoom in on the selected tab.
In Safari select View > Show One Tab or press Shift-Command-\

(\).
Press the Enter key.
Collapse All | Expand All
Reading List
The Reading List is a quick way to add a link to a webpage you want to read later, even
if you are disconnected from the Internet. It will keep track of what webpages have been
read. iCloud keeps your reading list up-to-date on all your devices. Once you are done
with the webpage, you can remove it from the reading list.
Tip: Click the "Unread" button in the Reading List column to only see webpages you
haven't read yet. Click the "All" button to see all webpages in the Reading List.
To add webpages to the Reading List, use one of these methods:
Click the Share button (item 3) then select "Reading List" from the
pop-up menu.
Shift ()-click a link.
Click "Add Page" button at the top of the Reading List column. Note:
Click the Reading List icon (item 5) to show / hide the Reading List.
Select Bookmarks > Add to Reading List
Control ()-click a link and select "Add Link to Reading List"
Press Shift-Command-D.
Note: You will see a Safari icon zoom to the Reading List icon.
To remove webpages from the Reading List, use one of these methods:
Click the "x" icon that appears on the right of the webpage preview in
the Reading List column when the cursor hovers over it.
Control-click on the webpage preview in the Reading list and select

"Remove item".
Click the "Clear All" button in the Reading List column then click the
"Clear" button in the confirmation sheet to clear all webpages.
Multi-Touch gestures
Multi-Touch is built into Safari, so you can tap, scroll, and swipe your way around the
web.
Two finger side to side swipe to navigate: Swipe forward (to the left)
and back (to the right), and the web pages you visit slide in and out of
the Safari window.
Double-tap to zoom: Double-tap the trackpad with two fingers to

magnify part of a web page. Double-tap again to return to the original
size.
Pinch to zoom: Zoom in and out of web pages more precisely. Just
move your thumb and finger to pinch in or out.
Tip: Pinch in when at actual size to see Safari Tab view. Use two
finger swipes to page through your tabs. Pinch out or click the
tab to zoom in on the selected Safari Tab.
Two finger scroll: Slide two fingers up or down the trackpad to scroll
through websites. Momentum scrolling makes browsing feel even
more natural.
Safari Reader
Safari Reader can remove ads and other visual distractions from webpages. It works like
this: As you browse the web, Safari detects if youre on a webpage with an article. Click
the Reader icon that appears on the right of the Search & URL field or press R (Shift-
Command-R), and the article appears instantly in one continuous, clutter-free view. You
see every page of the articlewhether there are two or twenty. Onscreen controls appear
when you hover the cursor near the bottom center of the Reader webpage. These let
you zoom in and out, email or print Reader content, and hide the Reader. Change the
size of the text, and Safari remembers it the next time you view an article in Safari
Reader.
Smart Search field
You can type both search terms and web addresses into the field. As you begin to type,
Safari automatically suggests a webpage match, called a Top Hit, and highlights it.
Simply press the Enter key to select the Top Hit.
If the Top Hit is not the site you intended to visit, check the list of relevant suggestions,
which are drawn from your preferred search engine, bookmarks and history. Click or use
the arrow keys to select a search term or webpage, then press Enter.
In Safari select Safari > Preferences > General (toolbar) and select the search
engine you would like Safari to use. The choices are:
Google
Yahoo!
Bing
Improving your searches
Use quotation marks to find the exact phrase.
If you are looking for an article about Troubleshooting printer

connections put quotation marks around the phrase as shown.
Confine your search to a specific website or subdomain of the

website.
To confine your search results to a website, you can add site:

[website] to your search.
For example, entering: "Troubleshooting printer connections"

site:apple.com
...will show webpages only from apple.com.
To confine your search results to a subdomain of a website, you can

add site:[subdomain.website] to your search.

site:support.apple.com
...will show webpages of only the support section of the
apple.com website.
How to exclude a word(s) in your results.
To exclude words from your search results, use a hyphen ahead

of the word(s) that you would like to exclude.

site:support.apple.com -archive
...will search for the exact phrase of "Troubleshooting printer
connections" on the Apple support website that do not contain
the word "archive".
Safari Extensions
Safari Extensions are made by third-party developers and are a great way to add
features to Safari.
In Safari, select Safari > Safari Extensions to view the Safari Extensions Gallery.
Resume
With Resume enabled, Safari will open up with the same set of websites you had when
you left Safari.
To enable Resume, in Finder select Apple () menu > System Preferences >
General and uncheck "Close windows when quitting an application".
Tip: Press the Shift key when you open Safari to skip Resume.
Set your homepage
To set your homepage, follow these steps:
1. In Safari select Safari > Preferences > General (toolbar)
2. Type or paste the homepage URL in the "Homepage:" field
3. If you want your homepage to open in a new Safari window, select

"Homepage" in the "New windows open with:" pop-up menu.
4. If you want your homepage to open in a new Safari tab, select

"Homepage" in the "New tabs open with:" pop-up menu.
Important: With Resume enabled, Safari will not always open with your homepage,
even if in Safari Preferences you have selected "Homepage" in the "New windows open
with:" pop-up menu. To open your Homepage under these circumstances, hold down the
shift key when you open Safari.
Apple
Store
Mac
iPod
iPhone
iPad
iTunes
Support
Search
Whats New
What is Safari
Extensions
Learn about the 250+ innovative features available in Safari.
AccessibilityAdvanced Web TechnologiesBookmarksBrowsing

Developer ResourcesGraphics and FontsInternationalMac Integration
Navigation and SearchPerformanceSafari ExtensionsSecurity and Privacy
Tabbed BrowsingUser Interface and Appearance
Accessibility
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VoiceOver Screen Reader
Safari features built-in support for Apples VoiceOver screen reader in OS X. VoiceOver
describes aloud what appears on your screen and reads the text and links of websites.
Using VoiceOver, you can completely control the computer with the keyboard instead of
the mouse.
ARIA Support
Safari supports Accessible Rich Internet Applications (ARIA). The ARIA standard helps
web developers make dynamic web content more accessible for people with disabilities.
With ARIA, sites taking advantage of advanced technologies like AJAX and JavaScript can
now easily interoperate with assistive technologies.
Enhanced Keyboard Navigation
Thanks to the enhanced keyboard navigation options in Safari, you can navigate the web
without a mouse. Press the Tab key, and Safari jumps to the next password field, pop-up
menu, or input field. For increased keyboard control, you can hold down the Option key
while tabbing to have Safari skip through every link on the page. And if you press the
Return key, Safari opens the highlighted link, letting you point and click with just a few
keystrokes.
Zoom Text Only
You can choose to zoom in on only the text when you take a closer look at a web page.
Full-Page Zoom
Zoom in or out on web content using keyboard shortcuts, Multi-Touch gestures, or the
Zoom toolbar button for more comfortable reading. Images and graphics scale up while
your text remains razor sharp, keeping the web page layout consistent as you zoom. To
add the Zoom button to your toolbar, simply choose Customize Toolbar from the View
menu and drag the button onto your toolbar.
Closed Captions for HTML5 Video
Safari can now deliver an accessible video experience. If a video embedded in a web
page using the HTML5 <video> tag includes closed captions, click the CC button in the
video controls to display them.
HTML5 Timed Text Tracks NEW
Developers can specify the timing of any text that appears with a media element, such
as captions or subtitles.
HTML5 Media Synchronization NEW
Safari supports web pages that coordinate the playback of multiple HTML5 media
elements. Website developers can overlay a sign language interpretation track on a
video track and keep the two in sync.
Custom Style Sheets
Apply a custom style sheet that you download or create yourself that sets default
fonts, font sizes, colors, and contrast, making your favorite websites more readable.
Minimum Font Size

If you find that text on some websites is too small to read (such as photo captions or fine
print), Safari can increase the font size to make it more legible. Just set the minimum
font size in the Advanced pane of Safari preferences.
Advanced Web Technologies

Back to top
Next-Generation Standards Support
Safari continues to lead the way, implementing the latest innovative web standards and
enabling next-generation Internet experiences. With support for HTML5 media tags, CSS
animation, and CSS effects, web designers can create rich, interactive web applications
using natively supported web standards. A standards-compliant browser, Safari renders
current and future web applications as they were meant to be seen.
Web Audio API NEW
Developers can create and customize audio effects in web applications with rich media
content, such as games or instrument simulators. The Web Audio API provides finer-
grained control over the timing of audio playback and allows developers to process
audio sources from HTML5 media elements, create spatial sound effects, and synthesize
and process audio directly in JavaScript.
CSS Filters NEW
CSS filters make it simple to create advanced filter and pixel effects such as blurs and
gradients. CSS filters can vary brightness, adjust hues, invert colors, or convert elements
to sepia or grayscale. Developers can combine filters and animate changes between
them, while tapping into hardware acceleration for fast, smooth rendering.
CSS Animation
CSS animation an open standard that brings a new level of interactivity to the web
lets web designers scale, rotate, fade, and skew web elements to create cutting-edge
websites. Safari was the first web browser to support CSS animation.
CSS Effects
Pioneered by Safari, CSS effects help developers add polish to websites by stylizing
images and photos with eye-catching gradients, precise masks, and stunning reflections
that require only a few lines of code.
CSS3 Web Fonts
CSS3 web fonts allow web designers to create stunning websites using the fonts they
prefer rather than restricting themselves to web-safe fonts. Safari was the first web
browser to automatically recognize websites that use custom fonts, downloading them
as theyre needed.
CSS3 Auto-Hyphenation
Safari allows developers to provide better reading experiences and text layouts with
support for CSS3 auto-hyphenation.
CSS3 Vertical Text
Developers can use top-to-bottom text layouts in web pages, allowing for greater
customization of websites in languages that use vertical text, such as Chinese and
Japanese.
CSS3 Text Emphasis
With the text emphasis property, web pages can display emphasis marks commonly
used in East Asian text.
HTML5 Media Support

Websites can now deliver rich, interactive media as easily as they deliver images. The
first browser to support HTML5 audio and video tags, Safari helps developers create
media-rich sites that dont require additional plug-ins. The media tags also offer a rich
scripting API, allowing developers to create powerful new controls as well as controls
that match the style of the page.
Full Screen for HTML5 Video
You can watch video embedded with the HTML5 <video> tag in full screen. Full-screen
support allows standards-based video to deliver a first-class viewing experience.
Closed Captions for HTML5 Video
Safari has support for closed captions in HTML5 video. If an HTML5 video on a web page
includes closed captions, simply click the CC button in the video controls to display
them.
HTML5 Sandbox Attribute
With support for the sandbox attribute for iframe elements, Safari can restrict the
actions of contents hosted inside an iframe. This makes iframes more secure by
preventing them from running scripts or loading plug-ins that could deliver unwanted or
deceptive content.
WebKit
WebKit the open source rendering engine introduced by Apple powers Safari on OS
X and iOS. WebKit features blazing performance and extensive standards support. And
because its open source, developers can examine WebKit code and contribute to the
community.
Acid 2 Compliance
Designed by the Web Standards Project, Acid tests determine whether a web browser
complies with emerging Internet standards. Acid 2 tests for compatibility with new
features in the HTML, CSS, and PNG standards. Pioneering the standardization effort,
Safari passed Acid 2 on October 27, 2005 two and a half years before any other
popular browser.
Formatted XML Files

When developers download unstyled XML files, Safari presents the information in a clear
document tree format, making it easier to read.
Media Caching
Safari can store audio and video data for web applications that use the HTML5
application cache, allowing for offline media playback and better media performance
when an Internet connection is slow.
HTML5 Geolocation
With Safari support for HTML5 geolocation, you can choose to share your location with
certain websites that use it to provide relevant information, such as maps or nearby
businesses.
HTML5 Sectioning Elements
Support for article, aside, footer, header, hgroup, nav, and section elements allows
developers to create advanced web designs with semantic markup.
HTML5 AJAX History
Support for HTML5 AJAX history allows web developers to build interactive AJAX
applications that update dynamically but still work smoothly with the back and forward
navigation buttons in Safari.
EventSource
Safari supports real-time push notifications from a server. Web applications that use
EventSource can receive faster, more reliable communications from the websites server.
WebSocket
With support for WebSocket, Safari has a speedy, two-way communication link with a
web applications server, so online activities like chatting are faster and require less
bandwidth.
HTML5 Draggable Attribute
Safari makes it easier for developers to create web pages with drag-and-drop user
interfaces for items like photos or images.
HTML5 Forms Validation
Safari can check the information in online forms to ensure that the format is correct
before sending the information to the websites server. If the wrong information is
entered in an input field, Safari can inform you about the error right away.
HTML5 Ruby
Safari can display annotations alongside the main text in a web page, allowing
pronunciation annotations in web pages that use Chinese, Japanese, or Korean
characters.
MathML
With support for Mathematical Markup Language (MathML), Safari allows developers to
embed mathematical notation in a web page without using an image file.
WOFF
Support for the Web Open Font Format (WOFF) gives web designers and developers a
wider range of typography options for websites.
ECMA 262 Version 5.1 Support NEW
Safari supports the latest edition of the JavaScript standard, ECMA 262 version 5.1,
enabling the next generation of advanced, interactive web applications.
JSON Support
With native support for JavaScript Object Notation (JSON), Safari allows web applications
that use JSON to run faster and more securely.
Full-Screen Web Pages
With the Full Screen JavaScript API, developers can create immersive web experiences
without a plug-in.
Graphics Acceleration for HTML5 Canvas
HTML5 Canvas elements on web pages take advantage of hardware acceleration,

allowing faster performance for interactive graphics that are rendered natively in the
browser.
CSS Canvas
Using CSS Canvas, web designers can position canvas elements anywhere an image can
be placed using CSS. Safari was the first web browser to support CSS Canvas.
HTML 4.01 Support
Safari supports HTML 4.01, the authoring language that defines the structure and layout
of web documents.
SVG 1.1 Support
By taking advantage of the Scalable Vector Graphics (SVG) support in Safari, web
developers can create fonts, graphic elements, and animations on the fly that look great
no matter how large or small they are. For example, mapping sites often use SVG to
draw driving directions based on your location and destination.
ICC Color Profile Support
Safari uses advanced color management technology to deliver web images with rich,
accurate color. In fact, it was the first browser to support International Color Consortium
(ICC) profiles and has done so from day one, so the photos and images you see in your
browser stay true to the originals.
Plug-in Support
Plug-ins are add-ons that expand a browsers capabilities. Because it supports the
standard Netscape plug-in architecture, Safari works with the full range of popular
Internet plug-ins, including Flash, Shockwave, and QuickTime.
Scriptable Plug-ins
Thanks to its support for scriptable plug-ins, Safari lets developers create plug-ins that
interact with standard elements on a page. For example, a plug-in could allow you to
customize the appearance of a car. As you add or remove options, the scriptable plug-in
could update the sticker price of the car.
Java Support
With Java support in Safari, you can use web pages that incorporate Java plug-in
content.
XML 1.0 Support
Extensible Markup Language (XML) is a popular open industry standard for creating,
managing, and sharing structured data. Because native XML support is built into Safari,
JavaScript programs can efficiently read XML data feeds.
LiveConnect Support
Safari supports LiveConnect to ensure compatibility with popular enterprise web

applications. LiveConnect allows Java and JavaScript to work together to deliver a more
seamless browsing experience.
Error Reporting
Window.onError support allows developers to spot JavaScript errors more easily.

Developers can present users with a customizable message should they encounter an
error on their websites, and window.onError can also report JavaScript errors back to the
server, so that developers can use the error data to debug their code.
HTML5 Offline Support
Web developers can create applications that you can use even when you dont have
access to the Internet. Thanks to HTML5 offline support, web applications that are stored
on your computer are immediately accessible anytime. Along with the application, web
developers can also choose to store the applications data on your system, so you
always have the information you need. Applications and data can be stored in a
traditional SQL-like database serving as an application cache or in the familiar cookie
format.
Acid 3 Compliance
Safari was the first web browser to pass Acid 3. Acid 3 tests a browsers ability to fully
render pages using the web standards used to build dynamic, next-generation websites,
including CSS, JavaScript, XML, and SVG.
HTML5 Canvas
Originally invented by Apple for Dashboard, HTML5 Canvas technology allows web
designers to specify an area in HTML that can be dynamically stylized by a JavaScript
program. Safari was the first web browser to support HTML Canvas, and the standard is
now supported by most popular browsers.
HTML5 Web Notifications NEW
Websites can keep users up to date about breaking news, new messages, and other
alerts. Website notifications appear in the upper-right corner of the screen with other
notifications and in the new Notification Center in Mountain Lion. Extensions enabled in
Safari can also send notifications.
Bookmarks
Back to top
iCloud Bookmarks
With iCloud, you can add a new bookmark on one device and have it automatically
update across all your devices iPhone, iPad, iPod touch, Mac, and PC.
Cover Flow
Using Cover Flow, you can flip through websites as easily as you flip through album art
in iTunes. Cover Flow displays your bookmarks and history as large graphical previews,
so you can pick out a website instantly.
Drag-and-Drop Bookmark Organization

Easily rearrange your bookmarks in the bookmarks bar by dragging them to the right or
left. As you drag over other bookmarks, they slide away to make room for the one youre
moving.
Integrated Bookmarks Bar
The elegant bookmarks bar is built into the Safari browser window, so your most
frequently used bookmarks are always visible without cluttering your screen.
Bookmark Folders
Organize your bookmarks in custom folders, such as News, Resources, Networking,

Photos, or Blogs. Add, name, and arrange them in any bookmark collection. Drag and
drop bookmarks directly into a folder to organize your library.
Easy Bookmark Editing NEW
Edit the names of bookmarks and bookmark folders right in the bookmarks bar. Click
and hold a bookmark or folder and type a new name into the bar.
Bookmark Search
Find bookmarks quickly in Safari. You dont have to remember the name of the site
Safari searches your bookmarks for matching URLs, website names, and even website
content to find the bookmark youre looking for.
Bookmark Tabs
Heres a quick way to create bookmarks for sites you have open in separate tabs. Simply
choose Add Bookmarks for These Tabs from the Bookmarks menu. Safari creates a new
bookmark folder for the sites, and because it enables them for Auto-Click, you can
reopen each site in a separate tab with a single click.
Custom Bookmark Naming
Simplify your bookmarks with custom names. Instead of using the default site names,
which are often long and unwieldy, give them names youll remember. Safari
conveniently prompts you to choose a name and location as it adds each bookmark.
Bookmarks Library
Safari provides an iTunes-style interface you can use to view, create, and organize your
bookmarks. The bookmarks library is organized into collections (folders) of custom
bookmarks and your browsing history. To access the library, click the book icon on the
left side of the bookmarks bar.
Drag-and-Drop Bookmark Creation and Deletion
Safari lets you create and delete bookmarks with a simple drag and drop. When you find
a site you like, create a new bookmark by dragging the sites icon into the bookmarks
bar. If you no longer use a bookmark, drag it out of the bookmarks bar and it disappears
in a puff of smoke.
Bookmark Auto-Click
Safari offers a great way to automatically open the bookmarks inside a bookmark folder,
each in a separate tab. In fact, it was the first browser to offer Auto-Click bookmarks. To
catch up with your favorite news sites in the morning, use Auto-Click to open multiple
pages in individual tabs with a single click.
Export Bookmarks
Easily transfer and back up your bookmarks. Choose Export Bookmarks from the File
menu, and Safari saves your bookmarks in an HTML file that can easily be archived or
opened with another computer or browser.
History View
Take a closer look at your browsing history in the History view. Search for previously
visited sites, drag web pages to your bookmarks, and clear individual items. Safari
displays your history using Cover Flow, so you can flip through your search results as
easily as you flip through iTunes album art.
Import Bookmarks
Choose Import Bookmarks from the File menu to import your bookmarks from other
browsers into Safari.
Browsing
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Reading List
Reading List lets you save web pages to read or browse later. Click the glasses icon on
the left side of the bookmarks bar to show or hide your Reading List in the Safari
window.
iCloud Reading List
iCloud makes sure that everything in your Reading List automatically appears on your
iPhone, iPad, iPod touch, and Mac. Turn on Safari in iCloud to access your Reading List on
all your devices.
Offline Reading List NEW
Safari now stores the content from web pages in your Reading List so you can catch up
on your reading even when you dont have an Internet connection. If an article in your
Reading List contains multiple pages, Safari fetches the pages ahead of time so you can
read the entire article offline.
Add Pages
To add the current web page to your Reading List, click the Share button in the Safari
toolbar. When your Reading List is open, click the Add Page button. As you browse the
web, Shift-click any link on a page to add it, even when Reading List is hidden.
Article Previews
Your Reading List shows you the title of each web page in the list, the website it
appeared on, and a text preview of its first lines. If youve Shift-clicked a shortened link
to add it, Reading List presents the title and website of the link.
Easy Management
When youre finished reading a web page and no longer want it in your Reading List,
hover over the item in your list. An X button appears; click the button to remove the
item. Click the Clear All button to remove everything in the list. With iCloud, every edit
you make on your Mac automatically updates across all your devices.
Automatic Sorting
Click the All and Unread buttons at the top of Reading List to switch between viewing all
Reading List items and viewing only your unread items.
Easy Browsing
To browse through your Reading List, use the scroll bar or Multi-Touch scrolling. Drag the
right edge to widen or narrow the Reading List.
Reader Integration
When you select an article in your Reading List, Safari presents a Reader button on the
right of the Smart Search Field. Click the button and the article appears without
distracting content. You can also zoom, send the article using Mail, and print from the
heads-up display that appears in Reader when you hover over the bottom of an article.
Automatic Reader
If you view an item in your Reading List with Reader and then select another item in
your list, Safari presents the new item with Reader.
Reading List Mac Integration
You can add pages to your Reading List from Mail and other applications. If someone
sends you a link youd like to read later, secondary-click or Control-click the link and
choose Add to Reading List.
Process Architecture
The process architecture in Safari makes browsing more stable and responsive. One
process handles all content from the web, while another process handles interactions
with the browser interface, such as creating a bookmark or searching history. So an
unresponsive web process won't affect the browser, allowing you to keep browsing
without restarting Safari.
Safari Reader
As you browse the web, Safari detects if you are on a web page with an article. Click the
Reader button that appears on the right of the Smart Search Field and an elegant view
of the article appears without any distracting content.
Continuous Reading
With Safari Reader, you dont have to click through multiple web pages to reach the end
of a long article. Safari Reader displays articles in their entirety, with a scroll bar for
easy, continuous reading.
One-Click Emailing
Safari Reader makes it easy to share articles. In Safari Reader, click the envelope icon in
the heads-up display to email the article with Mail. The Mail message preserves the
continuous, clutter-free layout and includes a link to the article at the top of the
message.
Auto-Remove History Items
To keep your browsing history manageable, Safari automatically purges history items
older than one month by default. However, to maintain privacy, you can control how
much of your browsing history Safari retains. Click General in Safari preferences and
choose another option in the Remove History Items pop-up menu.
Full History Search
Instantly find pages you visited in the past with Full History Search. To find a page, enter
your search term in the Search History field in Top Sites. Theres no need to remember
page titles or complex URLs. Instead, find pages by searching for text that appeared
anywhere on the page. Safari displays search results using Cover Flow, so you can flip
through large graphical previews to quickly pick out the site youre looking for.
Top Sites/History Button
Switch easily between Top Sites and Full History Search by clicking the button that
appears at the top of each view.
AutoFill: Personal Information
Wish you didnt have to repeatedly enter your name, telephone number, address, or
other personal information when you fill out web forms? Let Safari do it for you. AutoFill
which you can configure in Safari preferences can automatically fill out web forms
for you using information in OS X Contacts. Safari detects web forms and presents a
drop-down field, letting you choose to use AutoFill to complete the form. No information
is added to web forms until you choose to use AutoFill.
AutoFill: Forms
Safari can automatically fill in forms, such as search fields, that you repeatedly use on
the web. Just start entering text into a form or search field, and Safari fills in the form or
field or offers suggestions based on what youve entered in the past.
AutoFill: User Names and Passwords
If you frequently visit websites that require you to enter a user name and password, you
can have Safari remember your login information. Safari asks you if you want it to save
your password the first time you log in to the secure site. If you select Yes, Safari
automatically fills in the login information when you return to the site. Safari encrypts
your user names and passwords to keep your personal information secure.
Passwords Pane NEW
Passwords you save for AutoFill are securely stored in the new Passwords pane in Safari
preferences. Authenticate with your system login to see your saved passwords.
Customize Number of Top Sites
To set the number of sites Safari displays on your Top Sites page, click the Edit button in
Top Sites and choose Small, Medium, or Large in the lower-right corner to display 24, 12,
or 6 site thumbnails, respectively.
Pin Top Sites
To organize your top sites the way you want, click the Edit button and drag site
thumbnails to any position in the Top Sites grid. You can pin sites to specific locations by
clicking the pushpin that appears over the site.
Reopen Last Closed Window
If you inadvertently close a browser window, you can easily recover it by choosing
Reopen Last Closed Window from the History menu.
New Window Preference
Choose whats displayed when you first open Safari: Top Sites, your home page, an
empty page, the current web page, or your bookmarks.
Easy Printing
When viewing an article in Safari Reader, click the printer icon in the heads-up display to
print the article in the same clutter-free layout, with multiple pages stitched together for
an easy-to-read, continuous printout.
Easy Zoom
In Safari Reader, you can change text sizes by clicking the zoom in and zoom out icons
in the heads-up display. When you change the size of the text, that setting is preserved
the next time you view an article in Safari Reader.
Downloads Popover
When you download files in Safari, an arrow button appears to the right of the Smart
Search Field and shows you the progress of your download. You can also use it to pause,
resume, or cancel a download. You can clear downloads from the popover or view them
in the Finder.
Drag-and-Drop Downloads
You can drag items out of the Downloads popover in Safari and place downloaded files
on the desktop.
Auto-Remove Downloads List Items
Safari makes it easy to minimize the number of items appearing in your downloads list.
In Safari General preferences, choose to delete listings on successful download or as
soon as Safari quits.
Spell Checking
Safari offers built-in spell checking. Like the spell checker in many word processing
applications, it highlights errors as you type and reviews your text word by word,
offering new spelling suggestions. Safari can spell-check in 15 different languages.
Grammar Checking
Safari offers built-in grammar checking. If you compose web-based email, update a blog,
or type text into a web form, Safari can check and suggest corrections for your sentence
structure.
Save as Web Archive
Store important or private web documents like receipts and invoices on your hard
drive as web archive files. While viewing a web document you want to keep, choose
Save As from the File menu and then choose Web Archive. The page is stored on your
computer in a single file with its text, graphics, and layout permanently intact.
Resume
When you restart your Mac, Safari automatically restores the open windows and tabs
from your last browsing session, so you can continue right where you left off. When you
use Resume, Safari wont restore web pages viewed when Private Browsing is on.
Reopen All Windows from Last Session
Want to start browsing where you left off the last time you quit Safari? Choose Reopen
All Windows From Last Session from the History menu, and Safari opens the windows
and tabs that were open when you quit.
Keyboard and Mouse Shortcuts
Browse faster and more productively using keyboard and mouse shortcuts. In Safari
Help, type Safari Shortcuts in the search field for a complete listing.
View Installed Plug-ins
Each time you download and activate a plug-in, Safari logs and displays it in the
Installed Plug-ins view in the Help menu. Safari groups the plug-ins by category, listing
the name, version number, description, and associated extensions for each plug-in.
Top Sites
Safari identifies your favorite sites and displays them as a wall of stunning graphical
previews. To visit one of your top sites, just click any of the previews. As you browse,
Safari identifies the websites youre most interested in based on how often and how
recently you've visited a site. So as you explore the web and discover new websites,
your top sites will change to match your evolving tastes.
Search History with Date
When you use Cover Flow and Full History Search, a date indicator helps you sort
through your history, so you can look for pages based on when you viewed them.
Help
Learn how to get the most out of Safari with its comprehensive Help system. Help is fully
searchable, and search results are sorted by relevance and divided into lists of related
commands and help topics.
Merge All Windows
Consolidate all the open browser windows into a single window with multiple tabs by
choosing Merge All Windows from the Window menu.
Developer Resources
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Powerful Tools
Apple has brought its expertise in OS X and iOS development tools to the web. Safari
includes a powerful set of tools that make it easy to debug, tweak, and optimize a
website for peak performance and compatibility. To access them, turn on the Develop
menu in Safari preferences.
Develop Menu
Access all the developer tools in Safari from your menu bar by turning on the Develop
menu in the Advanced pane of Safari preferences. Youll have one-click access to the
Web Inspector, Error Console, disabling functions, and other developer features.
Snippet Editor
The Snippet Editor makes it easy to test experimental pieces of HTML markup. Enter the
code into the editor, and Safari renders the results immediately.
Web Inspector
The Web Inspector gives you quick and easy access to the richest set of development
tools ever included in a browser. From viewing the structure of a page to debugging
JavaScript to optimizing performance, the Web Inspector presents its tools in a clean
window designed to make developing web applications more efficient. To activate it,
choose Show Web Inspector from the Develop menu.
Storage Navigator NEW
The Storage navigator allows you to manage offline databases, execute SQL queries,
and see HTML5 web storage areas and cookie information.
Instrument Navigator NEW
You can now see the bigger picture when tracking down page performance issues. A
single timeline shows you network loads, page layout and rendering, and JavaScript
activity.
Issue Navigator NEW
See errors and warnings in the Issue navigator. You can run automated tests for network
utilization and web page performance, which return suggestions for optimizing your
website.
Disable Images
Many people use browsers that dont support images or configure their browsers to
prevent images from loading. As a developer, you can learn how such users experience
content on your site by disabling your sites images in the Develop menu.
Disable JavaScript
Disabling JavaScript lets you experience how your website will behave for users who
have disabled JavaScript. Simply choose Disable JavaScript from the Develop menu.
Resource Navigator NEW
View detailed data about web page resources, including documents, scripts, and images.
Search Navigator NEW
Quickly and easily search all of your HTML, CSS, JavaScript, and other web page
resources for any string.
Debug Navigator NEW
Use this navigator to step through your code, easily navigate the call stack, and view
values for local and global variables.
Breakpoint Navigator NEW
See breakpoints across all your files.
Log Navigator NEW
See all the messages logged by your web page. When you reload the page, the previous
set of output is automatically saved so that you can easily compare old and new log
messages as you update and reload your web page.
Keyboard Shortcuts
Keyboard shortcuts in the Web Inspector allow you to switch between navigators and
edit your code quickly.
Syntax Highlighting
With syntax highlighting for JSON and CSS in the Web Inspector, its easier to identify
and debug your code.
Safari Developer Program
Developers can create secure, standards-based extensions for Safari. Create buttons for
the toolbar or make your own extension bar. Interact with web pages and change the
way web content appears all with powerful web standards like HTML5, CSS3, and
JavaScript. The free Safari Developer Program includes everything you need to start
creating extensions.
HTML5 Extensions
Safari extensions are built with standard web technologies HTML5, CSS3, and
JavaScript. So if you can develop for the web, youll feel right at home writing extensions
for Safari.
Free Digital Certificate
Members of the Safari Developer Program receive a free digital certificate to sign Safari
extensions. This ensures that any updates to your extension come from you and not a
third party.
Extension Builder
Safari simplifies extension development with Extension Builder. Instead of manually

entering your scripts, stylesheets, and commands in a complicated text file, you can
select your extension resources visually in Extension Builder, a template thats as easy
to fill out as a form.
Disable Runaway JavaScript Timer
Safari has a built-in runaway timer that alerts users when they land on a site that uses
slow JavaScript code. If you want to examine long-running scripts without interruption,
you can disable the timer by choosing Disable Runaway JavaScript Timer from the
Develop menu.
Disable Styles
If you disable styles, Safari loads pages without applying any CSS rules, allowing you to
evaluate how text browsers, search engines, and screen readers will interpret your
pages.
Extension Distribution
Safari Developer Program members can market and distribute extensions independently.
You can also submit your extension to be listed in the Safari Extensions Gallery, which
gives users a convenient place to find your extension and allows one-click download and
installation from your website.
Safari Dev Center
The Safari Dev Center provides a range of technical resources for extension
development, including sample code and programming and conversion guides to assist
you with creating Safari extensions.
Extension Popovers
Safari allows extensions to show HTML content in popovers that drop down from an
extension toolbar button.
Extension Menus
Toolbar button extensions can have menus that drop down from the button.
New Event Classes
With support for new event classes, Safari extensions can respond to user interactions
with tabs, windows, web content, and the Smart Search Field. New event classes include
Activate, Available, Before-navigate, Close, Deactivate, Menu, Navigate, Open, and
Status-update.
Reader Extensions
Extensions can detect whether Safari Reader is available for a web page and activate
Reader.
Private Browsing Detection NEW
Extensions can now detect when Private Browsing is on, creating new feature
opportunities for extensions that focus on web privacy. Developers of all kinds of
extensions can use this feature to fall back gracefully when their extension attempts to
access features that arent available in Private Browsing mode, such as cookie or data
storage.
Reader Customization NEW
Extensions can use stylesheets and scripts to change the appearance of articles viewed
in Safari Reader.
Apple Developer Forums
Join the Apple Developer Forums to post Safari extension and web development
questions for open discussion with other developers and Apple engineers.
View Source
To examine the original HTML of a web page, choose Show Page Source from the
Develop menu. The Source view updates automatically if you reload an adjusted page.
Change User Agent
To determine if a website is customizing content for different browsers, change the user
agent to have Safari identify itself as a different browser.
Open Page With
To preview how different browsers render your web page, select an alternative browser
by choosing Open Page With from the Develop menu.
Save As Page Source
To save your websites HTML source code, choose Save As from the File menu and select
Page Source.
Disable Caches
Choose Disable Caches from the Develop menu to force the browser to grab live
graphics, pages, and other resources from the network instead of using cached
resources.
Graphics and Fonts

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High-Fidelity Graphics and Fonts
Safari brings the web to life by delivering the beautiful graphics, fonts, and effects you
expect from Apple. Your favorite websites have never looked better.
Hardware Acceleration
Hardware acceleration allows Safari to tap into graphics processing units to display
computing-intensive graphics, so standards like HTML5 and CSS3 can deliver rich,
interactive media smoothly in the browser. Safari also accelerates plug-in content.
Graphics Acceleration for HTML5 Canvas
With Safari, HTML5 Canvas elements on web pages take advantage of hardware
acceleration, allowing faster performance for interactive graphics that are rendered
natively in the browser. Safari was the first web browser to support HTML5 Canvas,
which allows developers to specify an HTML image that can be drawn and scripted using
JavaScript.
Anti-Aliased Fonts
Thanks to the anti-aliasing algorithm in Safari, you enjoy crisp, gorgeous fonts. The
algorithm preserves the subtleties of each font while rendering each character with a
crispness that makes your favorite sites a pleasure to read.
CSS Filters NEW
CSS filters make it simple to create advanced filter and pixel effects such as blurs and
gradients. CSS filters can vary brightness, adjust hues, invert colors, or convert elements
to sepia or grayscale. Developers can combine filters and animate changes between
them, while tapping into hardware acceleration for fast, smooth rendering.
Printing Auto-Format
Because Safari prints websites intelligently, your printout matches your expectations.
When you choose Print from the File menu, theres no need to select a specific frame or
section of the site to make certain that your printout contains all of the sites content.
Safari formats the site based on the content and displays a preview for your approval.
Shrink-to-Fit Printing
Working in conjunction with OS X, Safari avoids printing pages with one or two lines of
text by calculating the web page layout and adjusting the print size by up to 10 percent
if doing so will reduce the number of printed pages.
Contextual Letters
In many fonts, letters may change their shape and spacing depending on their position
in a word. For example, in languages like Arabic, a letter used in the middle of a word
may be shaped differently from the same letter used at the end of a word. Safari
recognizes many of these contextual letterforms when rendering different fonts and
languages.
Color Profile Support
The only browser that color-corrects web images, Safari delivers vibrant, accurate color.
Safari has supported International Color Consortium (ICC) profiles from day one, so the
photos and images you see in your browser are as true to the originals as possible.
CSS Animation
An open standard, CSS animation brings a new level of interactivity to the web, allowing
designers to scale, rotate, fade, and skew web elements to create sites with cutting-
edge graphics animation. Safari was the first web browser to support the standard.
CSS Effects
Using CSS effects, a technology pioneered by Safari, developers can stylize images and
photos with eye-catching gradients, precise masks, and stunning reflections, providing
an extra layer of polish to their websites by adding just a few lines of code.
CSS3 Web Fonts
Thanks to CSS3 web fonts, web designers no longer have to settle for web-safe fonts.
Instead, they can choose from a broader set of fonts to design stunning websites. Safari
was the first browser to automatically recognize websites that use custom fonts and
download them as needed.
CSS3 Auto-Hyphenation
Safari allows developers to provide better reading experiences and text layouts with
support for CSS3 auto-hyphenation.
WOFF
Support for the Web Open Font Format (WOFF) gives web designers and developers a
wider range of typography options for websites.
Full-Page Hardware Acceleration NEW
Safari now taps into the graphics processor on your Mac to accelerate entire web pages
through hardware. 2D drawing of text and graphics is even faster and smoother in
Safari.
International
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Default Regional Bookmarks
Safari uses your operating systems regional settings to determine your location, then
customizes your bookmarks based on region. As a result, youll have the most popular
websites in your bookmarks bar no matter where you are.
International Web Content
Safari is designed to handle web content from all regions of the world, including a broad
range of alphabets, number systems, writing directions, currencies, weights and
measurements, date and time formats, and time zones.
IDN Support
Access sites with non-English web addresses. Safari offers Internationalized Domain
Name (IDN) support, which allows web developers to use URLs that contain non-English
letters and characters.
International Localizations
Safari is available in 30 languages and can spell-check in 15 languages.
Unicode Support
Because Safari supports Unicode, the accepted international encoding standard, you can
enjoy web content in any number of languages, including Arabic, English, and Japanese.
CSS3 Vertical Text
Developers can use top-to-bottom text layouts in web pages, allowing for greater
customization of websites in languages that use vertical text, such as Chinese and
Japanese.
Ruby Support
Safari support for HTML5 Ruby makes it easy to include pronunciation annotations in
web pages that use Chinese, Japanese, or Korean characters.
Sina in the Share Menu NEW
Sina, a leading Chinese microblogging service, is built into the Share menu. Chinese
users can click the Share button and select Sina to share links right from Safari.
CSS3 Text Emphasis
With the text emphasis property, web pages can display emphasis marks commonly
used in East Asian text.
Baidu in the Search Field NEW
Baidu, the leading Chinese search engine, is now available as a built-in option in the
search field for Chinese users.
Right-to-Left Text
Safari supports multidirectional text rendering, allowing websites drafted in other

languages to display characters from right to left.
Mac Integration
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Built-in Sharing NEW
Share web pages using Mail, Messages, Facebook, and Twitter without leaving Safari.
Share Button NEW
Built into Safari, the Share button reveals a menu of sharing services. You can also click
the Share button to add a web page to your Reading List or bookmarks.
Messages Share Sheet NEW
Choose Message to send a web page, and a Share sheet with the URL appears in Safari.
Start typing in the To field, and Messages autocompletes the names you type with
matches from Contacts. Click the blue + button to scroll through Contacts or select a
Messages buddy.
Facebook Share Sheet NEW
Post links to Facebook from Safari. Single sign-on sets up Facebook for Safari, so you
need to log in only once. The Facebook Share sheet includes space for you to add a
comment to your post. You can choose to add a location to your post just click the
Location indicator in the Share sheet.
Tweet Sheet NEW
The Tweet sheet makes it easy to tweet a web page. Single sign-on sets up Twitter for
Safari, so you need to log in only once. The Tweet sheet shows you how many characters
you have left as you type. You can give more context to a tweet by adding a location.
Save Images to iPhoto
Safari is the only browser that lets you save web images directly to iPhoto. Simply
Control-click the picture and choose Add Image to iPhoto Library.
Automator Support
You can access web images, downloads, and text directly from your custom workflows
with the Safari actions built into Automator.
Sharing with Mail NEW
When you share a web page with Mail, you can choose between sending the web page,
a PDF of the page, just the URL, or the page in Reader, where text appears in a clean,
clutter-free format.
Internet Account Setup
When you first log in to your Google, Yahoo!, or AOL account, Safari asks if you want to
use these accounts with Mail, Calendar, Messages, and Contacts.
Downloads Stack
When you download files or programs to your Mac, Safari saves them in the Downloads
stack in the Dock so you can get to them with a few clicks. If you prefer, you can select
another default location in the General pane of Safari preferences.
AppleScript Support
In OS X, Safari allows AppleScript developers to access the content and properties of
websites such as HTML, DOM, and JavaScript elements directly in scripts and
custom applications.
Reading List Integration
You can add pages to your Reading List from Mail and other applications. If someone
sends you a link youd like to read later, secondary-click or Control-click the link and
choose Add to Reading List.
Safari Reader Emailing and Printing
Emailing and printing articles with Safari Reader is simple. Just click the envelope or
printer icon in the Reader heads-up display. Your Mail messages and printouts will keep
the same continuous, clutter-free article layout that Reader presents.
Web Clip
Turn any web page into a Dashboard widget on your Mac. Click the Web Clip button next
to the address field in Safari, and select exactly what you want your new widget to
display. Click Add, and Safari sends your Web Clip widget to Dashboard, where you can
view it alongside other widgets.
Inline PDF Viewing
Safari on the Mac comes with a built-in PDF engine, allowing you to quickly review PDF
documents in Safari without having to install slow and cumbersome third-party plug-ins.
The Safari PDF engine lets you zoom in and out and open PDFs in Preview or save them
in your Downloads folder.
Notifications Pane NEW
Websites can send you notifications that appear in Notification Center in Mountain Lion.
A new pane in Safari preferences shows you which websites youve allowed to send you
notifications and makes it easy to manage notifications on a site-by-site basis.
Navigation and Search
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Smart Search Field NEW
Safari now has one field for searches and web addresses, so you can browse the web
from one convenient place.
Top Hit
The Top Hit makes it a snap to get to the web page you want. When you type in the field,
Safari smartly suggests a web page based on your bookmarks and browsing history and
presents it as a Top Hit just press Return to select it. Top Hit suggestions change
dynamically as you type, and they get more accurate based on the web pages you
select. Safari can also present two Top Hits when two web pages from the same site
could be a match.
Find
Choose Find from the Edit menu and enter the text you want to find. Safari instantly
locates all occurrences of the text on the current web page, shows you how many
occurrences its found, and highlights every instance.
Bookmark Search
Find your bookmarks instantly with bookmark searching in Safari. You dont have to
remember the name of the site. Safari searches your bookmarks for matching URLs,
website names, and even website content to find the bookmark youre looking for. Safari
displays the results using Cover Flow, so you can flip through your search results as
easily as you flip through album art in iTunes.
Autocomplete Web Addresses

Let Safari complete your web addresses automatically. As you begin typing a web
address in the Smart Search Field, Safari uses your bookmarks and browsing history to
anticipate your destination and fill in the full address for you.
Smart Autocomplete
The Smart Search Field can match text you type against the titles of web pages in your
history and bookmarks. It can also suggest pages when you type any part of a URL, not
just the beginning.
Search Suggestions
The Smart Search Field also presents suggestions based on popular search terms from
Google, Yahoo!, or Bing. Search suggestions update dynamically as you type.
Find Option
When you use Find, you can choose whether to search for text that either contains or
starts with the word or phrase you type in the search field. Click the magnifying glass in
the Find search field to switch between the two options.
Baidu NEW
Baidu, the leading Chinese search engine, is now available as a built-in option in the
Smart Search Field for Chinese users.
Shortcut to History
You can enter Full History Search right from the Smart Search Field. Just select Search
for (your term) in History to get a Full History Search of what you typed.
Go to Site NEW
When youre typing a web address, you can select Go to Site in the drop-down from
the Smart Search Field. Safari automatically adds .com and takes you to that web
address.
Switch Search Engines
Click the magnifying glass in the Smart Search Field to reveal a drop-down that lets you
switch your search engine.
Recent Searches
Click the magnifying glass in the empty Smart Search Field to see your recent searches.
Click Clear Recent Searches to delete recent search terms.
Full History Search
Use Full History Search to instantly find pages youve visited in the past. To find a page,
simply begin typing in the Search History field in Top Sites. Theres no need to remember
page titles or complex URLs. Safari stores all the text from every page you visit, so you
can base your search on any word or phrase that appeared on the site you want to find.
And since Safari displays the results using Cover Flow, you can flip through large
graphical previews until you recognize the site you want.
Search Options
Safari lets you choose Google, Yahoo!, or Bing as the search engine in the Smart Search
Field.
Performance
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Speculative Loading
Safari loads the documents, scripts, and style information required to view a web page
ahead of time, so theyre ready when you need them.
Full-Page Hardware Acceleration NEW

Safari now taps into the graphics processor on your Mac to accelerate entire web pages
through hardware. 2D drawing of text and graphics is even faster and smoother in
Safari.
Faster Performance
Safari speeds up performance on the SunSpider JavaScript benchmark by up to 6

percent compared with Safari 5.1.1
Hardware Acceleration
Hardware acceleration allows Safari to tap into graphics processing units to display
computing-intensive graphics and animations, so standards like HTML5 and CSS3 can
deliver rich, interactive media smoothly in the browser.
DNS Prefetching
As you browse the web, Safari finds links on the web pages you visit and looks up their
addresses, a technique called Domain Name System (DNS) prefetching. If you click one
of those links, Safari can quickly load the web page for you, so you can spend more time
browsing and less time waiting.
Advanced Page Caching
Safari stores the web pages you visit in the cache, which can speed up access to pages
youve already viewed. Safari can add additional types of web pages to the cache so
that they load fast when you return to them.
Nitro JavaScript Engine
The Nitro JavaScript engine is an advanced bytecode JavaScript engine that makes web
browsing even faster, and its what powers Safari on OS X and iOS. The Nitro JavaScript
engine takes advantage of the multiple processor cores on your Mac, reducing pauses
caused by memory allocation.
Adaptive JavaScript Compilation NEW
Web pages load faster thanks to adaptive compilation. The Nitro JavaScript engine
adjusts to the code on the web pages you visit, delivering the performance advantages
of just-in-time compilation without the compiler startup costs that can slow down page
loading.
Smooth Scrolling NEW
Thanks to hardware acceleration, web pages scroll smoothly even when your Mac is
processing new web page content.
CSS Optimizations NEW
Safari speeds up rendering with a new, adaptive approach to CSS. Safari recognizes
common stylesheets, shares computations for rendering styles within and between the
web pages you browse, and can process many changes in the appearance of web pages
without additional computations that could slow down your browsing.
Safari Extensions
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Safari Extensions
Customize your web experience with Safari extensions. Created by third-party

developers, Safari extensions let you add features to the browser. Install, manage, and
use extensions simply and easily without security worries or browser instability.
Safari Extensions Gallery
The Safari Extensions Gallery is a convenient place to find extensions and download
them directly from the developers website. Featured extensions make it easy to find the
most useful extensions to enhance your browsing experience. You can access the gallery
from the Extensions pane in Safari preferences or from the Safari menu.
Automatic Updates
Safari checks to see whether there are updates to your extensions and shows you when
they are available in the Extensions pane. You can also choose to have Safari install
updates automatically.
Protected Updates
Every Safari extension is signed with an Apple-provided digital certificate, which can
prevent extensions from being tampered with and helps verify that updates to the
extension are from the original developer.
Built-in Security
Safari extensions come with built-in defenses. In Safari, extensions cant access
information on your system or communicate with websites aside from those specified by
the developer.
One-Click Management
In the Extensions pane, you can turn extension support on or off with one click. You can
also enable or disable individual extensions. No matter how you manage your
extensions, you wont need to restart Safari for the changes to take effect.
One-Click Installation
In Safari, installing extensions is easy. After you download an extension, theres no need
to restart the browser. Your extensions are ready to use.
Extensions Pane
An easy-to-read Extensions pane in Safari preferences shows you all of your extensions
and lets you manage them. Its also easy to uninstall an extension from the Extensions
pane.
HTML5 Extensions
Safari extensions are built with web standards like HTML5, CSS3, and JavaScript, and
they can have all the power and functionality of advanced web applications. Standards-
based extensions can execute right in the browser, reducing the chance of crashes or
browser instability.
Security and Privacy

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Sandboxing
All the web content and applications you use in Safari are sandboxed, so they dont have
access to information on your system. If a website contains malicious code intended to
capture personal data or tamper with your computer, sandboxing provides a built-in
blocker that restricts that code from doing harm.
XSS Auditor
Safari protects you against cross-site scripting (XSS). XSS is a type of exploit in which an
attacker tampers with a website, injecting scripts that could capture personal
information from users visiting the website. With the XSS Auditor, Safari can filter these
scripts to protect you from ones that might be malicious.
Phishing Protection
Safari protects you from fraudulent Internet sites. When you visit a suspicious site, Safari
warns you about its suspect nature and prevents the page from loading.
Malware Protection
Safari recognizes websites that harbor malware before you visit them. If Safari identifies
a dangerous page, it warns you about the suspect nature of the site.
Privacy Pane
The Privacy pane in Safari preferences gives you control over your online privacy,
allowing you to clear website data, customize cookie settings, choose whether websites
can request your location information, or turn on Do Not Track.
Do Not Track NEW
Safari lets you turn on Do Not Track, an emerging privacy standard. Checking this
Privacy pane preference sends websites you visit a request not to track you online.
Safari also sends a request to websites not to track you when you use Private Browsing.
View Website Data
In the Privacy pane, Safari lists all the websites that have stored data on your computer
and shows you what kind of data is being stored cookies and Flash plug-in data, as
well as information in databases, local storage, and the application cache.
Remove Website Data
With Safari, its simple to clear away the information that websites might use to track
you online. In the Privacy pane, click Remove All Website Data and confirm. Safari
removes cookies, Flash plug-in data, and information from databases, local storage, and
the application cache. You can also clear data on a site-by-site basis.
Location Services Preferences
Safari lets you control how your location information is shared. When you visit a
geolocation-enabled website, Safari asks you for permission to share your location. You
can choose to have Safari remember your preference for that website for one day, and
you can choose to allow a website to access your location without being prompted
again. You can also choose to deny permission without receiving a prompt. The Privacy
pane of Safari preferences lets you specify how websites can access location services.
Reset Location Preferences

You can clear your location preferences by choosing Reset Safari from the Safari menu
and selecting Reset all location warnings.
Parental Controls: Logs
See which web pages your children have visited. Open Parental Controls in System
Preferences and click Logs to view a list of the sites that were visited and blocked by a
specific user account. You can sort your findings by name or date.
Pop-Up Blocking
By default, Safari intelligently blocks all unprompted pop-up and pop-under windows, so
you can avoid distracting advertisements while you browse.
Badge for HTTPS Sites NEW
Safari makes it easy to spot an HTTPS website. When your connection to a website is
encrypted, Safari shows a gray https badge with a lock icon before the address.
EV Certificates
Safari supports Extended Validation (EV) Certificates, allowing you to easily identify
legitimate websites and businesses. When a website has an Extended Validation
Certificate, the website owners name appears in a green badge. Just click the name to
learn more about the websites security credentials.
Cookie Blocking
Some companies track the cookies generated by the websites you visit, so they can
gather and sell information about your web activity. Safari is the first browser that blocks
these tracking cookies by default, better protecting your privacy. Safari accepts cookies
only from websites you visit.
Web Search Preference NEW
You can now turn off search suggestions in the Smart Search Field. Just select the Web
Search box in Safari Privacy preferences.
Safe Downloads
Safari works with OS X to tag every download with information about when and where it
was downloaded. When you attempt to open a downloaded application, OS X reminds
you where it came from before opening it for the first time, so you can be sure its
legitimate.
Standards-Based Authentication
Authentication technology lets you identify yourself when visiting secure websites. Safari
supports standards-based authentication technologies such as Kerberos single sign-on
and X.509 personal certificates as well as proprietary authentication protocols such as
NTLMv2.
Clear History
Choose Clear History from the History menu to erase your browsing history and start
with a clean slate.
Private Browsing Icon

A Private icon appears in the Smart Search Field when you turn on Private Browsing. So
its easy to check if Private Browsing is on when you dont want your history, searches,
downloads, or logins visible to others who might use your computer. Turning off Private
Browsing is easy. Just click the icon in the Smart Search Field.
Location Services Status Icon
You are notified when a website is using location services in Safari. When you allow a
website to access your location, an arrow icon appears in the OS X menu bar.
Parental Controls: Approved List
You can use Parental Controls in System Preferences to create an approved list of
websites that your children can visit. Select an account, click Content, and select Allow
access to only these websites. A child logging in to the Mac using that account will be
able to access the sites you list. If a child wants to access a site thats not on the list,
Safari will ask for the administrator (rather than the account) password.
Proxy Support
Safari supports the most popular proxy services and automatically detects a variety of
proxy protocols, including Automatic Proxy configuration, FTP Proxy, Web Proxy (HTTP),
Secure Web Proxy (HTTPS), Streaming Proxy (RTSP), SOCKS Proxy, and Gopher Proxy.
Automatic Updates
Get quick, easy access to the latest security updates. Safari takes advantage of Apple
Software Update, which checks for the latest versions of Safari when youre on the
Internet.
Reset Safari
Erase every trace of your browsing in one simple step. Choose Reset Safari from the
Safari menu to erase your history, cache, download history, cookies, website icons,
names and passwords, AutoFill information, and location services preferences, as well as
Google, Yahoo!, and Bing search terms, from the computer.
Empty Cache
When you surf the Internet, Safari automatically caches web pages and images in
temporary storage for easy repeat access and faster page loads. Safari clears the stored
files when you choose Empty Cache from the Safari menu.
Private AutoFill
Safari lets you fill out forms quickly while keeping your personal information private.
When you fill out a web form, websites can access the information you enter, even
before you submit it. Safari prevents this by detecting web forms and presenting a drop-
down field, letting you choose to use AutoFill to complete the form with information from
Contacts. No information is added to web forms until you choose to use AutoFill.
Private Browsing
When you turn on Private Browsing, Safari doesnt remember the pages you visit, your
search history, or your AutoFill information. Private Browsing also prevents the websites
you visit from being able to access cookies and other information already stored on your
computer. Private Browsing automatically turns on Do Not Track, and also turns off
iCloud Tabs so the web pages you visit wont be visible on other devices.
Parental Controls: Custom Filter
Safari can work with parental controls in OS X to quickly review websites before they
load to determine if theyre suitable for kids. If sites are deemed unsuitable, OS X blocks
them from view. You can further protect children from potentially inappropriate web
content by adding sites to the Never Allow list in Parental Controls in System
Preferences.
Secure Encryption
To prevent eavesdropping, forgery, and digital tampering, Safari uses encryption

technology to secure your web communications. Safari supports the very latest security
standards, including SSL versions 2 and 3, Transport Layer Security (TLS), 40- and 128-
bit SSL encryption, and signed Java applications.
Tabbed Browsing
Back to top
Tabbed Browsing
A great way to check several websites at once without cluttering your desktop, tabbed
browsing lets you see and switch between multiple websites in a single window. To open
a new tab, just click the New Tab button in the tab bar.
Tab View NEW
Use Multi-Touch gestures to see and switch seamlessly between your tabs.
Pinch to View Tabs NEW
When you pinch to zoom out on a web page, your gesture zooms the page out even
further to reveal a panorama of live web pages.
View Tabs Button NEW
With a Magic Mouse or trackpad, click the View Tabs button to the right of your open
tabs to reveal a panorama view of your tabs. You can also choose Show All Tabs from the
View menu or use the Shift-Command-\ keyboard shortcut.
Swipe Through Your Tabs NEW
In panorama view, use a two-finger swipe on the trackpad to navigate through your
open tabs. Tabs slide smoothly left and right. On Magic Mouse, navigate between tabs
with a one-finger swipe. You can also use the left and right arrow keys to move through
tabs.
Pinch to Zoom In NEW
In panorama view, pinch out on a web page and it zooms smoothly to fill the browser
window. You can also select a web page by clicking it.
Open New Windows with a Group of Tabs

Whenever you open a new window, you can have Safari open a group of tabs that
contain the sites you want to visit every time you browse.
Tabs Setting
Safari offers a convenient, easy-to-use tab interface so that you can browse many
websites in one window. A setting in the Tabs pane of Safari preferences allows you to
open new web pages in tabs, helping to keep your desktop clear.
Undo Close Tab
If you inadvertently close a tab in Safari, you can easily recover it. Just choose Undo
Close Tab from the Edit menu or use the keyboard shortcut Command-Z to reopen the
tab with the same web page.
Movable Tabs
Movable tabs let you organize your sites exactly the way you want. Rearrange tabs by
dragging them left or right. Drag a tab out of a window to create a new window. Or drag
a tab from one window to another window to merge their tabs.
iCloud Tabs NEW
Pick up your browsing right where you left off, whether youre on your Mac, iPad, iPhone,
or iPod touch.2 iCloud makes the last web pages you viewed available on all your
devices. For example, you can start browsing a web page on your iPad and continue on
your Mac.
iCloud Tabs Button NEW
Click the iCloud Tabs button in the Safari toolbar to see the web pages you last viewed
on your iPhone, iPad, or iPod touch or on another Mac. Clicking a web page opens it in
Safari on your Mac.
Encrypted for Privacy NEW
The URLs of the web pages you visit are encrypted for privacy when they are pushed
between your Mac and iCloud.
Privacy Preference NEW

When you use Private Browsing, Safari doesnt push the web pages you visit to iCloud,
so they wont be visible on other devices.
User Interface and Appearance

Back to top
Full Screen
Safari lets you immerse yourself in the web. Full-screen Safari uses every available pixel,
making browsing on smaller screens more practical than ever. You can take multiple
Safari windows full screen, while keeping some windows smaller. You can also adjust the
width of web content in full-screen Safari. When you take Safari and other apps full
screen, Multi-Touch gestures let you move quickly between your full-screen apps,
desktop spaces, and Dashboard.
Elegant User Interface
Safari delivers a clean, sleek interface that puts the focus on the web instead of the
browser. You see a scroll bar only when you need one. The progress indicator is
conveniently located in the web address field. And by default, you see no status bar,
giving you more room to browse and view the web.
Tap to Zoom
When you double-tap with two fingers in Safari, web page text and graphics scale up
smoothly and text remains razor sharp. Tap again to return to the original size.
Multi-Touch Gestures
Safari brings more Multi-Touch technology to the web, letting you use intuitive gestures.
You can scroll, tap, pinch, and swipe for fluid, responsive browsing.
Touch Tabs NEW
Use Multi-Touch gestures to see and switch seamlessly between your tabs.
Momentum Scrolling
With Safari, you can use gestures to scroll up and down a web page. When you reach the
top or bottom of the page, momentum scrolling makes Safari feel even more responsive.
Pinch to Zoom
Pinch out to zoom text and graphics seamlessly on a web page, as you do with Safari on
iPad.
Full-Page Zoom
With full-page zoom, its easy to take a closer look at small print on your favorite sites.
Shrink or magnify the contents of web pages using a trackpad. Images, videos, and
other page elements adjust while your text remains razor sharp, keeping your page
layout consistent as you zoom.
Customizable Toolbar
Personalize your Safari toolbar, so you see only the buttons you use. Choose Customize
Toolbar from the View menu and drag buttons into your toolbar. You can also elect to
show or hide your bookmarks bar, status bar, and toolbar.
Inline Progress Indicator

Safari was the first browser to move the progress indicator into the address field, making
it more visible and freeing up space for web content.
Resizable Text Fields
Whether youre adding a comment to a friends photo or updating your status message,
make more room for everything you want to say by changing the size of a websites text
fields. Just drag the bottom-right corner of a text entry field to expand it on the page.
Default Font Preference
Change the default font Safari uses to display text on your web pages. In Safari
preferences, click Appearance and select the fonts you like. Safari renders text with your
chosen fonts unless you visit a site written with specific CSS rules.
Swipe to Navigate
You can navigate back and forward in Safari using gestures. A swipe to the right doesnt
just load your previous web page; the current page slides smoothly out of the Safari
window. Swipe to the left to navigate to the next page.
1. Testing conducted by Apple in July 2012 using SunSpider 0.9.1 JavaScript performance benchmark on a 21.5-inch
iMac 2.7GHz Intel Core i5 system with 4GB of RAM. Safari 6.0 tested on OS X v10.8. Safari 5.1.7 tested on OS X v10.7.4.
Performance will vary based on system configuration, network connection, and other factors.
2. iCloud Tabs on iOS devices requires iOS 6.
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Mac Basics: Time Machine

Learn how to set up Time Machine to perform
backups, how to restore items, how to use System
Restore to return your entire Mac to a specific date,
how to migrate backups to a new Mac, and more.
Time Machine is the built-in backup that works with your Mac and an external drive (sold
separately) or AirPort Time Capsule. Connect the drive, tell Time Machine to use it, and
relax. Time Machine automatically backs up your entire Mac, including system files,
applications, accounts, preferences, email messages, music, photos, movies, and
documents. But what makes Time Machine different from other backup applications is
that it not only keeps a spare copy of every file, it remembers how your system looked
on any given dayso you can revisit your Mac as it appeared in the past. Time Machine
keeps hourly backups for the past 24 hours, daily backups for the past month, and
weekly backups until your backup drive is full.
OS X Lion lets you:

Encrypt your Time Machine backup drive using FileVault 2.
OS X Mountain Lion lets you:
Encrypt AirPort Time Capsule backups and network backups using

FileVault 2.
Select multiple backup destinations that Time Machine will rotate

through for backup cycles.
Complete backups when the Mac is in Power Nap (on compatible

Macs).
Setting up Time Machine backups using an external drive

Setting up Time Machine for backups using AirPort Time Capsule
Setting up an additional Time Machine backup (OS X Mountain Lion)
Selecting items to exclude from the backup

Restoring data from Time Machine backups
Backup drive fills up
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Mac Basics: Time Machine
Learn how to set up Time Machine to perform
backups, how to restore items, how to use System
Restore to return your entire Mac to a specific date,
how to migrate backups to a new Mac, and more.
Time Machine is the built-in backup that works with your Mac and an external drive (sold
separately) or AirPort Time Capsule. Connect the drive, tell Time Machine to use it, and
relax. Time Machine automatically backs up your entire Mac, including system files,
applications, accounts, preferences, email messages, music, photos, movies, and
documents. But what makes Time Machine different from other backup applications is
that it not only keeps a spare copy of every file, it remembers how your system looked
on any given dayso you can revisit your Mac as it appeared in the past. Time Machine
keeps hourly backups for the past 24 hours, daily backups for the past month, and
weekly backups until your backup drive is full.
OS X Lion lets you:
Encrypt your Time Machine backup drive using FileVault 2.
OS X Mountain Lion lets you:
Encrypt AirPort Time Capsule backups and network backups using FileVault 2.
Select multiple backup destinations that Time Machine will rotate through for
backup cycles.
Complete backups when the Mac is in Power Nap (on compatible Macs).
Setting up Time Machine backups using an external drive
Setting up Time Machine is as easy as connecting an external drive to your Mac via
Thunderbolt, FireWire or USB.
If you haven't specified a Time Machine backup device and you connect an external
drive, Time Machine will display a dialog similar to this one:
Note: The "My Backup (489.5 GB)" text in the above example, will be replaced with the
name and capacity of the external drive you connect.
Click "Use as Backup Disk" to confirm you want to use the drive for Time Machine
backups. Time Machine preferences will then open with this drive selected as your
backup destination.
Check "Encrypt Backup Disk" if you want to encrypt the Time Machine backup external
drive using FileVault 2 (OS X Lion and later).
That's all you have to do for Time Machine to automatically backup your Mac. The Time
Machine pane of System Preferences will look similar to this.
Note: The "My Backup" and drive capacity in the above example will be replaced with
the name and capacity of the external drive you configured as your Time Machine
backup.
Manually preparing a new disk for Time Machine
1. If you want to erase a disk before using it with Time Machine, follow these steps:
2. Open Disk Utility (located in the Utilities folder).
3. Connect the disk if it isn't already attached.
4. In the left side of the Disk Utility window, select the disk you want to use with
Time Machine.
5. Optional: If you want to partition the disk, click the Partition tab and select a
layout. Make sure "Mac OS Extended (Journaled)" is selected in the Format menu
for the partition that will be used for backups. Click Apply.
6. Click the Erase tab.

7. Optional: If you want to securely erase the disk, click Security Options to
configure, then click OK.
8. Click Erase.
9. After erasing, open Time Machine preferences in System Preferences and

configure as described in the section above.
About the first backup to an external drive
You may want to set up Time Machine in the evening so that the initial backup can be
done overnight because it may take a while depending on the size of your OS X volume.
You should not interrupt the initial backup. You can continue to use your Mac while Time
Machine backs up.
Once the initial backup is completed, Time Machine performs subsequent hourly
backups of only the files that have changed on your Mac since the last backup (as long
as your backup drive is connected).
Tip: You can manually initiate a Time Machine backup cycle at any time by choosing
Back up Now from the Time Machine menu, even if you have Time Machine
preferences set to off.
Manually selecting a backup drive
You can manually select a backup drive in the Time Machine pane of System
Preferences.
1. Choose Time Machine menu > Open Time Machine Preferences
2. If the padlock in the lower left is locked, click it and enter an administrator name
and password to unlock.
3. Click Select Disk.
4. Select a drive, then click Use Disk.
Note: In OS X Mountain Lion and later, if a backup device is already selected, you will be
prompted to click one of these options:
Cancel - This will cancel the process and leave your Time Machine settings as is.
Replace (current drive name) - Time Machine will stop using the current drive and
replace it with the new selection.
Use Both - Time Machine will cycle backups through multiple backup devices. See
the "Setting up an additional Time Machine backup (OS X Mountain Lion or later)"
below for details.
Important: Every available drive that can be used to store backups is listed. If youve
partitioned a drive, the available partitions are listed. Time Machine cant back up to an
external drive that's connected to an AirPort Extreme or a drive formatted for Microsoft
Windows (NTFS or FAT format). If you select an NTFS or FAT-formatted drive, Time
Machine prompts you to reformat the drive. Choose a different drive or reformat the
drive in Mac OS Extended (Journaled) format. Because reformatting erases any files on
the drive, only do this if you no longer need the files or if you have copies of them on a
different drive.
The most common format for a Time Machine backup drive is Mac OS Extended
(Journaled) format, but Time Machine also supports Mac OS Extended (Case sensitive,
Journaled) and XSan formats.
If the drive is partitioned using the Master Boot Record (MBR) partition type, some
partitions may not be available for use with Time Machine. The GUID Partition Table
(GPT) type is recommended.
Time Machine works best if you use your backup drive only for Time Machine backups. If
you keep files on your backup drive, Time Machine wont backup those files and the
space available for Time Machine backups will be reduced.
OS X Mountain Lion, OS X Lion v10.7.2 and later: Starting from the recovery partition of
a Time Machine backup drive
Hold down the Option key at startup to boot into the startup manager. Select the
Recovery system of the Time Machine backup to start from. Once started, you will have
all of the functionality of Recovery.
Setting up Time Machine for backups using AirPort Time Capsule
If you have an AirPort Time Capsule on your home network, you can use it as your Time
Machine backup device. See the documentation that came with your AirPort Time
Capsule for information about setting it up on your home network.
Once your AirPort Time Capsule has been configured for your home network, open Time
Machine preferences and click "Select Disk".
From the sheet that appears, select the AirPort Time Capsule you would like to use for
backup.
Tip: Click "Set up Other Time Capsule" to open your AirPort utility to setup and configure
your AirPort Time Capsule. Enter the name and password or password only that you set
for your AirPort Time Capsule via the Airport Utility.
OS X Mountain Lion or later: Check "Encrypt backups" to use FileVault 2 to encrypt

the backup on the AirPort Time Capsule.
About the first back up to AirPort Time Capsule
The initial backup may be faster if you leave your computer in the same room as the
AirPort Time Capsule, or use an Ethernet cable to connect your Mac to one of the
Ethernet ports on the AirPort Time Capsule. You should not interrupt the initial backup.
You can continue to use your Mac while Time Machine backs up. For more information,
see this article.
Once the initial backup is completed, Time Machine performs subsequent hourly
backups of only the files that have changed on your Mac since the last backup (as long
as your Mac is awake and the backup drive is connected).
Tip: You can manually initiate a Time Machine backup cycle by selecting "Back up Now"
from the Time Machine menu, even if you have Time Machine preferences set to off.
Setting up an additional Time Machine backup (OS X Mountain Lion)
Time Machine in OS X Mountain Lion allows you to add an additional Time Machine
backup destination to your existing Time Machine backup destination list. You can use
this to have an extra Time Machine backup and or have another Time Machine backup at
another location. For example, you can have a Time Machine backup destination at
home and a backup destination at work.
Simply add an external drive or AirPort Time Capsule using the Time Machine pane of
System Preferences with the steps detailed above.
Once configured, Time Machine will rotate backup cycles across the configured Time
Machine backup destinations. If a destination cannot be found at the time of the backup
cycle, Time Machine will skip that backup destination. Time Machine will try the next
backup destination on the list until it can find a backup destination to interact with and
complete a backup.
Selecting items to exclude from the backup
In Time Machine preferences you can click the Options button to adjust settings. A sheet
similar to this appears when you click Options:
This sheet allows you to exclude files, folders, or entire volumes from being backed up.
You might want to do this to avoid filling up your backup drive.
Tip: If you regularly modify a very large file (greater than 1 GB, for example), you might
want to add that specific file to the "Exclude these items from backups" list. Time
Machine backs up modified files, regardless of how much or how little the file changed
from the previous backup.
The "Notify after old backups are deleted" option tells Time Machine to warn you when
older backups are removed from your backup drive to make space for more recent
backups.
Restoring data from Time Machine backups
With Time Machine you can go "back in time" to restore files, versions of files, or your
entire system. Make sure your backup drive is connected and mounted (if not, Time
Machine will alert you that "Your Time Machine backup disk can't be found."
Restoring specific files or folders
Choose Enter Time Machine from the Time Machine menu and the restore interface
appears. You can literally see your windows as they appeared "back in time."
You can use the timeline on the right side of the window to reach a certain point back in
time (the timeline shows the times of all backups on your backup drive). If you dont
know exactly when you deleted or changed a file, you can use the back arrow to let Time
Machine automatically travel through time to show you when that folder last changed.
Note: Dates in pink indicate the data resides on your Time Machine backup device.
Dates in white indicate the data resides on your Mac. In OS X Mountain Lion and Lion,
portable Macs have the feature of local snapshots. See this article for details.
You can also perform a Spotlight search in the Time Machine Finder Window search field
to find a file. Simply type the Spotlight search field and use the back arrow to have Time
Machine search through your backups to find what you are looking for.
Before you restore a file, you can also use Quick Look to preview a file to make sure its
the one you want. Highlight the file and press the Space Bar to bring up a quick look.
To restore, select the file/folder and click the "Restore" button. The file will automatically
be copied to the desktop or appropriate folder. If the file you are restoring has another
file in the same location with the same name, you will be prompted to choose which file
to keep or keep both.
Restoring your entire system from a backup
If you are restoring a backup made by a Mac to the same Mac
With your backup drive connected, start up your Mac from the Recovery system
(Command-R at startup) or Mac OS X v10.6 installation disc. Then use the "Restore From
Time Machine Backup" utility.
Note: If "You can't restore this backup because it was created by a different model of
Mac" appears when restoring a backup that was made on a different Mac, follow the
onscreen instructions.
If you are restoring a backup made by one Mac to a completely different Mac
Important: If the backup you are about to restore is from a completely different Mac,
use the Migration Assistant to transfer data from the backup, as described in the next
section.
Migrating a Time Machine backup to a new Mac
When you buy a new Mac, you can transfer all of your applications, files, settings, and
other information from a Time Machine backup you've already made.
You will be asked if you want to transfer files when you start up your new Mac for the
first time. Or, you can use the Migration Assistant (located in Applications/Utilities).
After Migration Assistant completes the transfer and you select your existing Time
Machine backup drive, you will be prompted with "Inherit Backup History". Once selected
you will be able to continue to use your existing Time Machine backup on your new Mac.
Backup drive fills up
As your backup drive begins to fill up to its capacity, Time Machine intelligently deletes
the oldest backups to make room for newer ones (and will alert you if the "Notify after
old backups are deleted" option is selected in Time Machine preferences).
If your backup disk is filling up often causing your oldest available backups to be erased
sooner than you might want, consider the following options:
Use an additional drives for your backups or transfer your backups to a new,
larger drive as detailed above. When you connect a new drive for the first time, use
Time Machine preferences to select the drive. Tip: You can also browse the original
backup drive for past backups by using "Browse other Time Machine Disks"--to see
this choice, hold the Option key then click the Time Machine menu in the Finder (to
see the menu, "Show Time Machine status in the menu bar" must be selected in
Time Machine preferences.
Reduce the amount of information being backed up by adding to the "Exclude

these items from backups" list in Time Machine preferences, as mentioned above.
Your backup drive will fill up less often.
Delete file(s) that are no longer needed (such as from your desktop, Documents
folder, or other Home folder locations), so they will no longer be backed up. You can
also enter the Time Machine restore interface and find files that can be removed
from the backup drive itself to conserve space. To do this, select the file(s) and from
the Action pop-up menu (gear icon) in the Time Machine Finder window choose
"Delete All Backups of...". Be sure to only delete files you are sure you won't need or
want to restore later.
Mac Basics: Launchpad

Launchpad lets you see, organize, and easily open
your apps. Learn how to use and organize Launchpad
in OS X.
Entering Launchpad
To enter Launchpad and quickly access your apps:
Click the Launchpad icon in the Dock
Or, use a thumb-and-three-finger pinch in gesture on your trackpad

Or, press the F4 key
Elements of Launchpad
1. App icon Click any app icon to open it.
2. Search field (OS X Mountain Lion only) Enter the app name or
portion of an app name to find it, no matter which Launchpad page it
is on.
3. Folder icon Click it to open a Launchpad folder. The "Other" folder

shown has several OS X utilities and other apps in it.
4. Launchpad page Customizable set of app and folder icons. Tip: Two
finger swipes on your trackpad moves you to the next Launchpad
page, or you can click the page dot (item 7) to jump to a Launchpad
page.
5. Launchpad icon in the Dock Click it to enter and exit Launchpad. A

blue progress bar is present when downloading and installing apps or
software updates. Tip: Hover the cursor over the icon to see
download progress or installing stage.
6. Dock The OS X Dock.
7. Launchpad page dots The white dot shows the page you are on,
dimmed dots show other Launchpad pages you can click to jump to.
8. App download or update icon The black & white icon will have a
white progress bar with download numbers or installing stage.
Exiting Launchpad
Here's how you can exit Launchpad:

Swipe a thumb-and-three-finger pinch out gesture on your trackpad:
Click an app icon
Press the Escape (esc) key or F4 key
Click the Launchpad icon on the Dock
Organizing Launchpad icons is a lot like organizing icons on an iOS device.
Create a folder
1. Drag a icon onto another icon and hold until you see a folder appear,
then let go.
2. Drag icons to rearrange them within the folder.
3. You can change the default name of the folder by clicking it. Enter
the new name and press Return or Enter.
Add an icon to a folder
1. Drag a icon on top of a folder and hold until the folder opens.
2. Drag the icon to the location you want it within the folder. Note: If no
icons move over for your icon, the folder is full.
Remove an icon from a folder
1. Drag the icon from the folder to just outside the folder and hold until
the folder closes.
2. Drag the icon to the desired Launchpad page and location.
Delete a folder
Drag all the icons out of the folder.
Move an icon
Click an icon and drag it to the desired Launchpad page location, then
let go. Tip: Holding the icon near but not on top of another icon will
make that icon move over for your icon.
Create a new Launchpad page
While in the right-most Launchpad page, drag a icon over the the
right edge of the screen and hold for a second.
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c Basics: Messages
Learn about the features of Messages in Mountain
Lion and how to configure it.
Messages brings iMessage to your Mac. You can send free, unlimited, secure messages
containing text, pictures, videos, files and contacts to anyone who is using a Mac, or an
iPhone, iPad, or iPod touch (with iOS 5 or later).
You can continue your conversations across your devices and pick up your conversation
from your iPhone to your Mac and vice-versa.
Setting up accounts
iMessage uses Apple ID accounts. Take note of your Apple ID and password. Apple ID
accounts are used for purchasing content in iTunes, App Store, and so forth. Read this
article for more information about Apple ID.
Use any of these methods to add an iMessages account to Messages when:
Setting up your Mac or user account for the first time
When you set up your Mac or a new OS X user account, enter

your Apple ID and password to automatically add Messages to
your iMessages account.
Using Messages for the first time
When you open Messages for the first time, you should see the
iMessages Setup sheet to sign in.
Messages is already set up to use an iMessage account:
Choose Messages > Preferences > Accounts (toolbar)
Click iMessages in the Accounts tab on the left.
Enter your Apple ID and password or click "Create Apple ID"

and follow the onscreen instructions.
Tip: Messages sent to an Apple ID will appear on all devices configured to use that
Apple ID for iMessage accounts, including Macs, iPhones, iPads and iPod touch devices.
Conversations
To start a conversation, just start typing in the name or Apple ID of the person you would
like to have a conversation with.
Note: To correlate a name to an Apple ID, create a card in Contacts with the person's
name and Apple ID.
When messages is in the background and receives conversation content, you will see
Notification banner slide down in the upper right corner of the screen for a short period
of time. Then it will slide off to the right.
Tip: Click it to bring the conversation to the foreground.
The Messages window
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Mac Basics: Font Book

The Font Book application lets you install, remove,
view, organize, validate, enable, and disable fonts.
Fonts are styles of type that your computer uses to
display and print text. OS X comes with many
preinstalled fonts.
Using Font Book
Font Book is located in the Applications folder (in the Finder, choose Go >
Applications). To manage or view fonts, open Font Book, or double-click a
font file.
In Font Book, the Collection column on the left shows installed fonts by category; click a
different category to see different kinds of fonts, or click "All Fonts" for a list of all
installed fonts. The Font column in the middle displays all fonts within the selected
collection. The preview pane on the right side displays a sample of characters in the
selected font.
These are some other things you can do with Font Book:
Preview and install fonts
To preview a new font that you downloaded or have on a disc, double-click the font file.
Font Book will display a sample of the font. You can change the typeface (if others are
available) via the pop-up menu at the top of the preview window.
If you want to install the font so that it can be used in documents you create or view,
click the "Install Font" button that appears below the preview of the font.
You can also use Font Book to install one or more fonts. Choose Add Fonts from the File
menu, select the font or a folder containing multiple fonts, then click Open to install the
font(s).
When Font Book installs a font, it will automatically validate the font and let you know if
it detects any issue with the font file. See the "Validating fonts" section in this article for
more information.
By default, Font Book will install fonts in a location where the font will only be available
to the current user account. If you'd prefer to install fonts in a location where they will be
available to all users on the computer, choose Font Book > Preferences, then choose
"Computer" from the "Default Install Location" pop-up menu.
Remove a font with Font Book
To remove a font using Font Book, select All Fonts in the Collection column, select the
name of the font in the Font column, then choose File > Remove "Font Name" Family.
Font Book will move those font files into the Trash. Note: System fonts cannot be
removed.
View fonts in Font Book

There are several different ways to view fonts in Font Book. These different options help
you decide which font you'd like to use for the project you are working on.
The Preview menu contains three options that affect how the preview is displayed:
Sample (default option) displays the font using letters and numbers,
or symbols when previewing a symbol font.
Repertoire displays all characters available in the font. You may

need to use the scroll bar or zoom slider bar on the right side of the
window to see all of the available characters.
Custom allows you to type in a custom phrase or selection of

characters, which will be used to display the preview each time you
select a font.
Note: If you don't see a preview in the Font column, choose Show Preview and Hide
Font Info from the Preview menu.
Organize fonts as collections
When working with fonts, you may discover that you use certain fonts frequently, but
rarely use others. To make it easier to find the font you are looking for, you can organize
your fonts into collections.
1. From the Font Book File menu, choose New Collection.
2. Type in a name for the new collection.
3. Click "All Fonts" in the Collection column.
4. Drag the fonts that you want from the Font column onto the name of
your new collection in the Collection column.
In this example, some fonts are being dragged to a new collection named "Favorites":
Smart Collections (OS X Mountain Lion)
Similar to how you can create a smart mailbox in Mail, you can create a Smart Collection
in Font Book that will automatically include fonts which meet your criteria. One Smart
Collection is already included, called Fixed Width. Click it to see all the fixed width fonts
installed.
To create a new Smart Collection:
1. Choose File > New Smart Collection.
2. Using the pop-up menus, define the criteria for which fonts should
appear in this collection. You can include or exclude fonts based on
their family name, style name, PostScript name, kind, languages, and
design style.
3. To add more criteria, click the "+" button (or remove with the ""
button).
4. Give your collection a name, then click the OK button when finished.
To modify a Smart Collection, select it, then choose File > Edit Smart Collection.
Using collections in apps
In applications that use the standard OS X Fonts panel, such as Mail, Pages, and TextEdit,
you click the name of a collection to see only the fonts in that collection:
Disable and enable specific fonts
In situations where you'd like to prevent a font from being available in applications, but
you don't want to completely remove the font from your Mac, you can use Font Book to
disable the font.
1. In Font Book, click "All Fonts" in the Collection column.
2. Click the name of the font in the Font column.
3. Choose Disable "Font Name" Family from the Edit menu.
Fonts that have been disabled have their names displayed in gray text with the word
"Off" appearing next to the font's name.
Note: System fonts cannot be disabled.
If you'd like to enable a font that was previously disabled, click the name of the font
from the Fonts column, then choose Enable "Font Name" Family from the Edit menu.
You can also disable or enable all fonts in a collection: Click the name of the collection in
the Collection column, then choose Disable "Collection Name" or Enable "Collection
Name" from the Edit menu.
Validate problematic fonts
If there is an issue with one of the fonts, you can use Font Book to validate all fonts or a
specific font. Validating checks for potential issues.
To validate all fonts:
1. Log in as an administrator user if you want to use the "Remove

Checked" button described below. Non-admin users can also validate
fonts, but only remove ones in their home folder.
2. Open Font Book.
4. Choose Validate Fonts from the File menu.
5. If Font Book identifies an issue with fonts, you can click the alert icon
at the bottom of the window, then click the "Remove Checked"
button to remove problematic font(s). You should then re-install the
affected fonts from the original source. If the font still does not pass
validation, contact the creator of the font or the company that you
obtained the font from for assistance.
You can find specific font files with the search field in the upper right corner, then select
them and choose File > Validate File.
You can also use Font Book to validate font files that have not yet been installed. Choose
Validate File from the File menu, select the location that contains the font files you
want to validate, then click the Open button.
Find and resolve duplicate fonts
To find duplicate fonts:
1. Open Font Book.

3. Choose Edit > Look for Enabled Duplicates. Duplicate fonts are
highlighted in the Fonts column
To resolve duplicated fonts: Click Resolve Manually or Resolve Automatically.
Download additional Chinese fonts in Mountain Lion
To download these additional fonts in Mountain Lion, simply enable them in Font Book:
Baoli SC
Lantinghei SC
Lantinghei TC
Libian SC
Wawati SC
Wawati TC
Weibei SC
Weibei TC
Xingkai SC
Yuanti SC
Tip: Want to learn more about Font Book? Check out the built-in Font Book Help guide
on your Mac (in Font Book, choose Font Book Help from the Help menu).

1. Search field Enter text to find in your conversations.
2. Conversation list Click a conversation to bring it to the foreground.
Tip: Double-click it to open in a separate window. Previews show the
following:
Icon / image
Name
Time / date of last exchange
A couple of lines from the last exchange.
3. Compose new message Click it to start a new conversation.
4. "To:" field Enter the persons name or Apple ID to send your

conversation to.
5. Body of the conversation Shows the history of your conversation.

Including the following:
Icon or image of you and the person you are having a

conversation with.
The text of your conversation including emoji emoticons via item

9 and more in Character viewer (System Preferences >
Language & Text > Input Sources tab)
Images / videos, contacts and attachments sent and received

Double-click to view in Quick Look. Tip: Drag and drop content
to send.
"Delivered / Read" notification Appears with time / date stamp

under your icon / image, to let you know your content has been
delivered and read by the recipient.
6. FaceTime button Click and select the Apple ID to start FaceTime

with.
Tip: Sign in to your iCloud account in System Preferences >

iCloud to automatically sign into FaceTime when it opens.
7. Reply indication Content is being prepared to be sent to you.
8. "iMessages" field Enter text, images or videos to send by pressing

return.
Tip: Press Option-Return to get place a carriage return to your text

message.
9. Smileys Click it to see a grid of basic emoji emoticons to choose.
Tip: Use the Character viewer (System Preferences > Language

& Text > Input Sources tab) to see more emoji emoticons to select.
Support for instant messaging services
Messages has support for the filling instant message services and systems:
AIM AOL's instant messaging service.
Jabber Cross-platform, open-source instant messaging system.
Google Talk Google's instant messaging service.
Yahoo! Yahoo's instant messaging service
To add an instant messages account follow these steps:
1. In Messages select Messages > Preferences > Accounts

(toolbar)
2. Click the "+" icon in the lower left corner.
3. Choose the appropriate instant message service or system from the

"Account Type:" pop-up menu.
4. Enter in the Account Name, Password and if present, Server Options.
Connection Doctor
In Messages, you can select Video > Connection Doctor to assist you with possible
connection issues. Connection Doctor shows the following details:
StatisticsWith the following details
Chat DurationHow long the chat has lasted.
Frame rateThe number of frames per second (fps) that video

plays.
Bit rateThe average number of kilobits that one second of video

data uses (kbits/s).
Frame sizeThe resolution, in pixels, of the video. The mew

pixels, the more detailed the image.
Audio and video quality100% means no loss of quality. Issues

may occur if quality falls below 90%.
CapabilitiesA pane that shows you what capabilities you have based
on your computers hardware and Internet connection.
Network StatisticsDisplays information about your bandwidth

settings and network router type.
Bandwidth limitationIndicates whether the bandwidth has been

limited to a particular speed in Messages.
Tip: Click "Settings" to open Messages preferences and adjust

your "Bandwidth limit:" setting.
Router typeIdentifies the kind of network address translation

(NAT) router your computer is using to communicate with other
devices. Router type are:
Tip: Consult with your network administrator, if you have a

router type other than "Full Cone".
Full ConeAnyone on the Internet can send replies to the

computer.
RestrictedThe router associates the translated address and
port with a particular destination address. Replies from other
addresses are filtered out.
Port RestrictedThe router associates the translated address

and port with a particular destination address and port.
Replies from other addresses and ports are filtered out.
SymmetricTHe router associates the translated address and

port with a particular destination address and port, but uses
ad new translated port for each destination address and
port.
UnknownThe type of router could not be determined.
Error LogInspect reported errors in the Messages error log. Note:

This option is dimmed if there are no errors present.
Last Modified: May 21, 2013
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Mac Basics: Font Book
The Font Book application lets you install, remove,
view, organize, validate, enable, and disable fonts.
Fonts are styles of type that your computer uses to
display and print text. OS X comes with many
preinstalled fonts.
Using Font Book
Font Book is located in the Applications folder (in the Finder, choose Go >
Applications). To manage or view fonts, open Font Book, or double-click a
font file.
In Font Book, the Collection column on the left shows installed fonts by category; click a
different category to see different kinds of fonts, or click "All Fonts" for a list of all
installed fonts. The Font column in the middle displays all fonts within the selected
collection. The preview pane on the right side displays a sample of characters in the
selected font.
These are some other things you can do with Font Book:
Preview and install fonts
To preview a new font that you downloaded or have on a disc, double-click the font file.
Font Book will display a sample of the font. You can change the typeface (if others are
available) via the pop-up menu at the top of the preview window.
If you want to install the font so that it can be used in documents you create or view,
click the "Install Font" button that appears below the preview of the font.
You can also use Font Book to install one or more fonts. Choose Add Fonts from the File
menu, select the font or a folder containing multiple fonts, then click Open to install the
font(s).
When Font Book installs a font, it will automatically validate the font and let you know if
it detects any issue with the font file. See the "Validating fonts" section in this article for
more information.
By default, Font Book will install fonts in a location where the font will only be available
to the current user account. If you'd prefer to install fonts in a location where they will be
available to all users on the computer, choose Font Book > Preferences, then choose
"Computer" from the "Default Install Location" pop-up menu.
Remove a font with Font Book
To remove a font using Font Book, select All Fonts in the Collection column, select the
name of the font in the Font column, then choose File > Remove "Font Name" Family.
Font Book will move those font files into the Trash. Note: System fonts cannot be
removed.
View fonts in Font Book
There are several different ways to view fonts in Font Book. These different options help
you decide which font you'd like to use for the project you are working on.
The Preview menu contains three options that affect how the preview is displayed:
Sample (default option) displays the font using letters and numbers,
or symbols when previewing a symbol font.
Repertoire displays all characters available in the font. You may

need to use the scroll bar or zoom slider bar on the right side of the
window to see all of the available characters.
Custom allows you to type in a custom phrase or selection of

characters, which will be used to display the preview each time you
select a font.
Note: If you don't see a preview in the Font column, choose Show Preview and Hide
Font Info from the Preview menu.
Organize fonts as collections
When working with fonts, you may discover that you use certain fonts frequently, but
rarely use others. To make it easier to find the font you are looking for, you can organize
your fonts into collections.
1. From the Font Book File menu, choose New Collection.
2. Type in a name for the new collection.

4. Drag the fonts that you want from the Font column onto the name of
your new collection in the Collection column.
In this example, some fonts are being dragged to a new collection named "Favorites":
Smart Collections (OS X Mountain Lion)
Similar to how you can create a smart mailbox in Mail, you can create a Smart Collection
in Font Book that will automatically include fonts which meet your criteria. One Smart
Collection is already included, called Fixed Width. Click it to see all the fixed width fonts
installed.
To create a new Smart Collection:
1. Choose File > New Smart Collection.
2. Using the pop-up menus, define the criteria for which fonts should
appear in this collection. You can include or exclude fonts based on
their family name, style name, PostScript name, kind, languages, and
design style.
3. To add more criteria, click the "+" button (or remove with the ""
button).
4. Give your collection a name, then click the OK button when finished.
To modify a Smart Collection, select it, then choose File > Edit Smart Collection.
Using collections in apps
In applications that use the standard OS X Fonts panel, such as Mail, Pages, and TextEdit,
you click the name of a collection to see only the fonts in that collection:
Disable and enable specific fonts
In situations where you'd like to prevent a font from being available in applications, but
you don't want to completely remove the font from your Mac, you can use Font Book to
disable the font.
1. In Font Book, click "All Fonts" in the Collection column.
2. Click the name of the font in the Font column.
3. Choose Disable "Font Name" Family from the Edit menu.
Fonts that have been disabled have their names displayed in gray text with the word
"Off" appearing next to the font's name.
Note: System fonts cannot be disabled.
If you'd like to enable a font that was previously disabled, click the name of the font
from the Fonts column, then choose Enable "Font Name" Family from the Edit menu.
You can also disable or enable all fonts in a collection: Click the name of the collection in
the Collection column, then choose Disable "Collection Name" or Enable "Collection
Name" from the Edit menu.
Validate problematic fonts
If there is an issue with one of the fonts, you can use Font Book to validate all fonts or a
specific font. Validating checks for potential issues.
To validate all fonts:
1. Log in as an administrator user if you want to use the "Remove

Checked" button described below. Non-admin users can also validate
fonts, but only remove ones in their home folder.
2. Open Font Book.
4. Choose Validate Fonts from the File menu.
5. If Font Book identifies an issue with fonts, you can click the alert icon
at the bottom of the window, then click the "Remove Checked"
button to remove problematic font(s). You should then re-install the
affected fonts from the original source. If the font still does not pass
validation, contact the creator of the font or the company that you
obtained the font from for assistance.
You can find specific font files with the search field in the upper right corner, then select
them and choose File > Validate File.
You can also use Font Book to validate font files that have not yet been installed. Choose
Validate File from the File menu, select the location that contains the font files you
want to validate, then click the Open button.
Find and resolve duplicate fonts
To find duplicate fonts:
1. Open Font Book.

3. Choose Edit > Look for Enabled Duplicates. Duplicate fonts are
highlighted in the Fonts column
To resolve duplicated fonts: Click Resolve Manually or Resolve Automatically.
Download additional Chinese fonts in Mountain Lion
To download these additional fonts in Mountain Lion, simply enable them in Font Book:
Baoli SC
Lantinghei SC
Lantinghei TC
Libian SC
Wawati SC
Wawati TC
Weibei SC
Weibei TC
Xingkai SC
Yuanti SC
Tip: Want to learn more about Font Book? Check out the built-in Font Book Help guide
on your Mac (in Font Book, choose Font Book Help from the Help menu).
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Mac Basics: QuickTime Player

QuickTime Player lets you play back your media using
an uncluttered interface with controls that fade out
when theyre not needed.
Learn about QuickTime Player's media sharing, flexible recording capabilities, and simple
media trimming and combining features.
How to use QuickTime Player to play media files on your Mac
QuickTime Player is a great application for playing media content, including HD (high
definition) video in OS X. QuickTime Player supports many modern codecs and file
formats, so simply double-click your media file in the Finder and it will open in QuickTime
Player. If a media file doesn't automatically open in QuickTime Player by double-clicking
it, you can choose File > Open File, browse to the file's location, and select it.
Additionally, you can open a streaming media file (or event) by clicking the File menu
and then choosing Open Location and entering the Internet address (the URL) for the
movie file.
The playback controls in QuickTime Player work simply with Rewind and Fast Forward
buttons, and with the Play button handling both playback and stopping.
The timeline at the very bottom of the player shows your current viewing progress and
can be dragged (left or right) to move to a desired position or time. This is helpful for
moving through lengthy media files, especially when searching for a specific moment or
event. The total playback time remaining is listed on the bottom-right corner of the
playback controls when the controls are open. If you want to see the lenght of the clip,
just click on the time remaining.
Note that the controls fade out when theyre not needed.
Full-screen in QuickTime
QuickTime Player use the full-screen features built-in to OS X to give you maximum
screen viewing space of your movies or clips. To make QuickTime Player fill your entire
screen, click the full-screen button, which is located on the top-right of the playback
controls or in the top-right of the QuickTime Player window with two arrows pointing
outwards. While you are in full screen you can switch to another app without leaving full-
screen by swiping left or right using three fingers. The menu bar will appear if you move
the pointer to the top of the screen. From there, you can click the View menu and select
one of several scaling modes to find the perfect fit for you display. To make the screen
go back to its original size, simply click the Full Screen button once again or press
Escape (esc).
Supported media file formats
QuickTime Player supports a wide variety of popular audio and video file formats and
codecs. To learn more, see Media formats supported by QuickTime Player.
About audio and movie recording in QuickTime Player
You can make a movie using QuickTime Player and the camera in your Mac by clicking
the File menu and choosing New Movie Recording. When the recording interface
appears, the FaceTime or iSight camera becomes active (a green light appears by your
Mac's built-in camera). Simply press the circular record button once to start or stop your
recording.
Click the triangle icon to display a menu of additional options, such as whether to use
your Mac's built-in camera or an external camera you've connected to your Mac, and
what the finished quality of your recording should be.
To make an audio-only recording, simply choose New Audio Recording from the File
menu. Press the circular record button once to start or stop your recording. You will
notice that the current running file size is displayed on the bottom right of the controls
while you're recording; this changes to the total elapsed time when you stop recording.
The sound meter (located at the bottom of the controls) makes it easy to ensure your
volume level is consistent, and is helpful for making sure you're sitting an appropriate
distance from the microphone. About 21 inches of distance between you and the
microphone is a good place to start.
Clicking the triangle gives you additional options, such as letting you choose whether to
use the built-in microphone on your Mac, an external microphone you've connected to
your Mac, a microphone from a connected Apple display, and lets you adjust the finished
quality of your recording.
Tip: Changing the quality from High to Maximum will produce a very high-quality
uncompressed movie file. However, uncompressed audio files can use large amounts of
disk space.
Export audio only using QuickTime Player
QuickTime Player gives you the option of exporting and sharing only the audio portion of
your video. To export only the audio portion of your video, open your video in QuickTime
Player. Choose Export from the File menu. Type a name in the Export As field. Then
from the Format pop-up menu, choose Audio Only and click Export.
Record your screen
You can use QuickTime Player to make a video recording of your screen or just a region
of your screen and save it as a movie file for later viewing. This can be helpful for
showing others how to perform a task, workflow, or for training.
Choose File > New Screen Recording. To start recording what's occurring on your
Mac's screen, click the round record button.
You can record some of all of the screen:
If you want to record the entire screen, click anywhere on the screen
to start recording.
To record just a smaller portion of the of the screen, drag your pointer
to select the region of the screen you want to record, and then click
the Start Recording button within the region.
To stop recording, click the stop button in the menu bar, or press the Command-Control-
Escape key combination (all at once) on the keyboard.
Clicking the triangle icon gives you additional options, such as letting you choose
whether to use the built-in microphone on your Mac, an external microphone you've
connected to your Mac, a microphone from a connected Apple display, or the option to
simply use no microphone at all. The triangle also allows you to adjust the finished
quality of your screen recording, select whether or not your mouse clicks are shown
during the recording (the pointer is highlighted when you click), and to select what
location (on your Mac) to save your screen recording when finished.
Tip: Changing the quality from Medium to High will result in higher-quality movie file
with a larger file size.
Trim media files
To quickly edit media files:
1. Open the file in QuickTime Player.
2. Choose Edit > Trim. The trimming bar appears.
Note: In OS X Lion, you can also click the arrow icon ( ) that is to
the right of the Fast Forward button, then in the menu that opens,
choose Trim.
3. To select the portion of the recording you want to keep, drag the
yellow trimming bar handles to the left and right as desired.
4. When you are ready, simply click Trim. The unwanted footage outside
the the yellow trimming bar is removed.
Rotate or flip clips
If you have a clip that is upside down or sideways, you can rotate or flip it to correct it.
To rotate or flip a clip, open them in QuickTime player. Then from the Edit menu choose
Rotate Left, Rotate Right, Flip Horizontal, or Flip Vertical depending on the rotation or flip
need to correct the clip.
Sharing your media files
You can easily share your media files with others via email, chat, Facebook, YouTube,
Vimeo, Flickr, and other ways.
1. Double-click the media file that you want to share if it's not open.
2. Click the arrow icon ( ) that is to the right of the Fast Forward
button.
3. In the menu that opens, choose Email, Message, AirDrop, Facebook,

YouTube, Vimeo, or Flickr.
Menu choices in OS X Mountain Lion
Notes
OS X Lion: The choices in OS X Lion v10.7.5 are iTunes, YouTube,

Vimeo, Flickr, Facebook, Mail, and Trim. If you choose iTunes,
you'll be asked if you want to save your file for best viewing on
an iPhone or iPod, an Apple TV, or a computer, and then save the
file in your iTunes library for easy syncing.
OS X Mountain Lion tip: If you want to export to iTunes, you can
choose File > Export To > iTunes.
If you choose AirDrop, you can share to another nearby Mac that
has AirDrop turned on. If no nearby Mac with AirDrop is detected,
this message will appear: "Other people nearby need to open
AirDrop in the Finder in order to receive this file."
If you choose YouTube, Vimeo, Flickr, or Facebook, you'll be

asked to log in if necessary before sharing your file:
(For Vimeo, Flickr, and Facebook you will be redirected to System

Preferences to log in.)
Merge clips
In QuickTime Player, you can combine multiple clips, or combine them with an entire
movie. To add a clip or entire movie to your movie, open your movie in QuickTime
Player, then drag the clip or movie you want into your movie window. QuickTime Player
will automatically scale or crop the clip or movie to match your movie.
Tip: Want to learn more about QuickTime Player? Check out the built-in QuickTime
Player Help on your Mac (in QuickTime Player, choose QuickTime Player Help from
the Help menu).
You can also visit the QuickTime Support Page for both Mac and PC. The QuickTime
Support Page includes manuals, QuickTime downloads, QuickTime-specific discussions
forums, and popular QuickTime Knowledge Base articles.
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Mac Basics: Dashboard

Learn about the Dashboard and widgets in OS X.
Not everything you do on your Mac requires a heavy-duty application. For those smaller
tasks, OS X features Dashboard. Dashboard provides access to several fun and
functional, mini applications called widgets.
Dashboard includes widgets for some of your Mac applications, such as Contacts and
Calendar, which allow you to access your contacts and view your events, respectively,
without having to switch over to the full application. You can add more widgets to
Dashboard and even create your own widgets.
Working with Dashboard and widgets
1. To open Dashboard:
In OS X Mountain Lion, swipe up with three fingers. This will open

Mission Control, where you can click the Dashboard.
Or, while in the Finder, swipe two or more fingers from right to
left. (If this doesn't work, make sure "Show Dashboard as a
space" is checked in Mission Control preferences.)
Or, press the Mission Control key (F3), and click the Dashboard.
You can also open Dashboard by pressing the Launchpad key
(F4) or clicking the Launchpad icon in the Dock, and then clicking
the Dashboard.
Tip: You may have to swipe left or right to locate the Dashboard
in Launchpad.
In Mac OS X v10.6 and earlier, you can click the Dashboard icon
in the Dock.
2. A default set of widgets appears. You can move the widgets

anywhere you want by simply dragging them. Click and hold your
mouse button on a widget and move your mouseor finger, if you're
using a trackpad.
To activate a widget, just select it. For example, if you click the Dictionary widget, type a
word in its search field. If you click the Stickies widget, type a note or two. If you click
the Tile Game widget, start playing.
Adding and removing Dashboard widgets
1. To see all the widgets on your Mac, click the add (+) button in the
lower-left corner of the screen to enter the widget browser. The
widget browser displays all widgets on your Mac.
2. To add a widget to Dashboard, click an icon in the widget browser. Or
start typing the name of the widget in the search field and click the
widget to add it to your Dashboard.
3. To remove a widget from Dashboard, click the Remove () button in

the lower-left corner of the Dashboard, then click the unwanted
widget's close button (the round button with a white X at the upper
left of the widget icon).
Adding and removing widgets from the widget browser
1. From Dashboard, click the add (+) button in the lower-left corner of
the screen to enter the widget browser.
2. If you want to download more widgets, click the More Widgets button
in the widget browser to go to the Apple Dashboard download
webpage.
3. To create a folder for your widgets, drag a widget icon onto another
icon. Widget browser creates a new folder named Untitled that
contains the two widgets. Click the Untitled folder name and type a
name for the folder. To add other widgets to the folder, drag the
widget icon onto the folder.
4. To remove a widget from the widget browser, click the Remove ()

button in the lower-left corner of the screen (the icons will jiggle),
then if present click the unwanted widget's close button (the round,
black button with a white X).
5. To quickly find a widget, start typing the name of the widget in the
search field.
Customizing your Dashboard widgets
Some of your widgets will have an Info (i) button you can click to view its settings. For
example, you can change the region and city of the World Clock widget.
1. Open Dashboard as described above.
2. Move the pointer over each widget. The widgets you can customize
have a small info button (i) in one corner.
3. Click the Info (i) button to see the settings you can change.
4. To exit Dashboard, swipe with three or four fingers to return to

Mission Control and click the desktop in OS X Mountain Lion. If you
pressed a key to open Dashboard, press it again.
Tip: In OS X Mountain Lion, if you want to change Dashboard back to its OS X Lion and
earlier interface, open Mission Control preferences in System Preferences and uncheck
the "Show Dashboard as a space" option.
Widget descriptions
Here's a closer look at the widgets you'll find preinstalled in Dashboard, and how to use
them.
Many widgets have options that let you select the information to display, such as the
time in a chosen city in this World Clock widget
ContactsThis widget accesses the Contacts application, enabling you to look up a

person's email address, phone number, and mailing address quickly. Just start typing a
name in the search field, or use the arrow buttons to step through all entries.
CalendarThis widget allows you to view the current day and date in a small calendar,
and will show any events you have added to Calendar. You can also view days and dates
in the future and past. Just click the left or right arrow buttons to jump through the
calendar by month.
CalculatorThis electronic version works just like its real-world counterpart, letting you
add, subtract, multiply, and divide numbers without thought. You can enter numbers by
clicking the buttons or pressing the numeric keys on your keyboard.
DictionaryGet word definitions, synonyms, and antonyms for any English language
word you type in the search field.
ESPNFor sports fans, this widget displays the latest scores and news for your favorite
baseball, basketball, football, and hockey teams. Just click the "i" button in the upper-
right corner and choose a sport from the pop-up menu. When finished, click "News" to
view the latest news feeds from ESPN or "Scores" to see how well your team is faring.
Flight TrackerView the flight paths of practically any upcoming or in-progress flight
around the world. Just choose an airline, departure city, and arrival city from the pop-up
menus (or enter the information in the fields), or enter the flight number, and click Track.
Select the flight in the results, and then click Track.
MoviesHeading out to enjoy a movie? Use this widget to look up information about
the latest releases and find show times at local theaters. Not sure if you would enjoy the
movie? Watch movie trailers right in Dashboard, then click to buy tickets.
Ski ReportFind out the current weather and snow conditions at popular skiing
locations across the country and head for the hills. Just click the "i" button in the bottom-
right corner and type the name of a resort to get the current conditions, including the
new snowfall, base depth, and temperature.
StickiesJust like the paper version but for your Mac. Just type notes right on the
Stickies pad. To change the paper color and font, click the "i" button in the bottom-right
corner. Then select a paper color, choose a font from the Font pop-up menu, choose a
font size from the other pop-up menu, and click Done.
StocksThis widget lets you track your favorite stocks (with up to a 20-minute delay).
To enter a company, click the "i" button in the bottom-right corner, type the company's
name or ticker symbol in the field, and click Done. To get an overview of your stock's
performance, click the company symbol to view a graph that shows the highs and lows
over a user-selectable timeframe.
Tile GameThe goal of the game is to rearrange all the tiles so that they form a
picture. Click the widget to make it start scrambling the tiles. Click it again to make it
stop. To rearrange tiles, click a tile that borders the empty space to move it in its place,
and continue in this manner until you see the picture again.
TranslationFor those times when you can't decipher a foreign language phrase, or
you need to translate one of your own into another language, this widget comes in
handy. Just choose the language that you want to translate from and to using the pop-up
menus, and type the word or phrase in the text box below "Translate from."
Unit ConverterIf you need to convert weights, measurements, temperatures, speeds,

currency, volume, and other items, this widget will do the job. Just choose a unit
category from the Convert pop-up menu, choose a unit that you want converted from
the bottom-left pop-up menu, choose the unit that you want it converted to in the
bottom-right pop-up menu, and enter a value in the left field to view the conversion to
its right.
WeatherBe prepared wherever you may roam. The Weather widget displays the
current weather conditions for the city of your choice in thermal terms (high, low, and
current temperatures) and in current graphical conditions too. Click on the widget for a
6-day forecast. To change the city, click the "i" button; enter a city, state, or zip code;
and click Done.
Web ClipPerhaps you visit a part of a particular website often. You can turn it into a
widget! In Safari, choose File > Open in Dashboard and select the part of the page
you want to turn into a widget. Click Add and Safari launches your brand-new widget in
Dashboard. From there you can customize it with a selection of themes. Your new web
clip widget is always live, acting just like the website it was clipped from.
World ClockThe World Clock widget displays the local time for many cities around the
world. Open multiple windows to keep track of different time zones. To change the city,
click the "i" button, choose a continent from the Continent pop-up menu, choose a city
from the City pop-up menu, and click Done.
Tip: Want to learn more about Dashboard? Check out the built-in Help guide on your
Mac (in the Finder, choose Mac Help from the Help menu, and type dashboard in the
search field).
Mac Basics: Automator

Automator is your personal automation assistant,
making it easy for you to do more, and with less
hassle. With Automator, you use a simple drag-and-
drop process to create and run automation recipes
that perform simple or complex tasks for you, when
and where you need them.
With Automator you can automate much of what you do with your computer. Create and
print a family directory of family members in your Contacts. Find and add images from
your favorite websites to iPhoto. Print your documents to your iPad. Instantly rename
dozens of files in the Finder. Even perform scheduled backups of important information.
Theres no limit to what you can do, and Automator can do in seconds and minutes what
could take you hours to do by hand.
"Instant snapshot" workflow sample
Have you ever wanted to take a quick snapshot of yourself to add to an email, message,
or chat? As an example of how easily you can use Automator to create your own
automation tools, heres a sample workflow you can build and install as a system-wide
service for using your portable Macs or iMacs built-in camera to instantly take and add
a snapshot of you into your iPhoto library. ("System-wide service" means you'll be able
to access it from an application's menu, under Services, as shown at the end of these
steps.)
Follow these steps on your computer to make the same service for yourself:
The Automator icon in Launchpad

1. Open Launchpad and type Automator in the search field. Click the icon of Otto
the Automator robot. A new Automator workflow window will appear.
You choose the type of Automator workflow document you want to create from the
template picker sheet
2. Select Service from the new windows drop-down template sheet (as shown
above) as the type of workflow document to create, and then click Choose. The
template sheet will recede to reveal a new workflow document, ready for editing:
Elements of the Automator workflow window
An Automator window (see the image above) contains:
(1) A Library column on the left, sorted by application or category, containing a

list of all of the Automator actions installed on your computer
(2) An Action column in the middle displaying the available actions for the
selected application or category
(3) A search field for quickly locating actions to add to the workflow
(4) An information box on the bottom-left to provide helpful information about a

selected action
(5) A workflow pane on the right side of the window, where you drag actions to
build your automation recipe"
(6) The "Service receives" pop-up menu
Lets continue creating the snapshot-taking workflow:

3. Service workflows are often designed to work with files or text, selected in other
applications, such as image files selected in the Finder. In this example workflow,
the service will generate a new photo for you, so theres no need to accept any
other files as input for the workflow. Set the service workflow to ignore any existing
selected items by choosing "no input" from the Service receives pop-up menu (6)
at the top of the window (see the image above).
4. Now that the input settings for the service workflow have been set, lets construct
the workflow by finding and adding actions from the Actions Library to the workflow
area. Well begin by locating an Automator action for taking a camera snapshot. In
the search field (1) enter the term snapshot and any Automator actions related to
that search term will appear in the Actions list below the search field (see below).
Dragging an action into the workflow area
5. According to its description at the bottom left of the workfow window (see above),
the Take Video Snapshot action, is perfect for automating the quick snapshot of a
photo using the computers built-in camera. Drag the action title from the Actions
list (2) into the workflow area (3).
6. Release the cursor to finish adding the action to the workflow:

Automator actions display their parameter controls in the actions inline view
7. When an action is added to the workflow area (see above), it displays a

rectangular view containing controls for setting the values of any parameters it
uses. In the view for the Take Video Snapshot action, there is a checkbox, titled
Take picture automatically, for indicating whether you want to require the user to
click a button to take the photo snapshot. Select the checkbox (1) to have the
workflow take the picture automatically. All youll need to do is smile.
8. Using the same search and add process you used for locating and adding the Take
Video Snapshot action to the workflow, search for the term import, and locate and
add the Import Files into iPhoto action to the end of the workflow:
Notice that the two actions in the workflow (see above) are linked together (1),
indicating that the results of the first action, the new photo file taken by the
computers camera, will be passed to the second action as its input. This is
generally how Automator workflows function, passing information and items
between each step (action) in the workflow.
9. Finally, as a bit of cleanup, well indicate we want to delete the original image file
taken by the camera, after it has been imported into iPhoto, by selecting the Delete
Source Images checkbox (2) in the action view (see above).
Thats all there is to creating a simple workflow for taking a camera snapshot and
adding it to iPhoto! Now youre ready to save and install the workflow.
10. To save and install the service workflow, choose File > Save. In the naming
sheet, enter Instant Snapshot as the name for the service, and click the Save
button. The new service workflow will automatically be installed as part of the
System-wide Services architecture, and be available from any applications Services
menu. You can now close the workflow window.
Using the service
To use your new service, center yourself in front of the computer, and select Instant
Snapshot from the Services menu, which is available from within any application:
Your Mac will beep three times and then take a picture, which will be automatically
added to your iPhoto library:
The new snapshot is added to iPhoto
Using Automator, you have now created a useful tool for making it easy to take and add
a snapshot of yourself to your iPhoto library.
Tip: Want to learn more about Automator? Check out the built-in Automator Help on your Mac (in Automator,
choose Automator Help from the Help menu).
Mac Basics: TextEdit

TextEdit is a highly versatile word processor included
with OS X. Learn about it editing tools and different
file formats it supports.
TextEdit lets you create all kinds of text documents. It includes tools to format and layout
your page, edit and stylize text, check spelling, create tables and lists, import graphics,
work with HTML, and even add music and movie files. Here are some of the things you
can do in TextEdit.
TextEdit does more than just let you edit text. Take a look at some of the things you can
do with your documents.
1. Open TextEdit from the Applications folder or with Launchpad (OS X

Lion and Mountain Lion).
2. Start typing whatever you want in the window. If you want to change
the text alignment from the default left alignment, highlight the text
and click one of the four alignment buttons in the toolbar to align left,
center, justify, or align right.
3. TextEdit automatically checks spelling as you type and will underline
words that it thinks are misspelled with a red dotted line. If you need
help with the correct spelling, highlight the word and from the Edit
menu, choose Spelling and Grammar, then Show Spelling and
Grammar from the submenu to open the Spelling window. The
window displays its best guesses for what you were trying to spell. To
correct the spelling, select the correct word and click Correct. TextEdit
will also automatically correct your spelling as you type or present
you with spelling options for the word you are trying to spell.
4. To change the font, from the Format menu, choose Font > Show
Fonts. In the resulting Font window, select a font typeface and size
from the columns. You can also choose to add an underline, add a
strike-through, change the text color, and add a text shadow from the
pop-up menus at the top of the Font window.
5. To add a photo, music, or movie file, just drag the file from a Finder
window to the document.
6. To create a list, choose a list style from the list pop-up menu. You can
pick options like bullets, numbers, or lettered lists.
7. Begin typing your list. To end your list, choose None from the list
pop-up menu.
Instead of manually entering bullet points, numbers, or letters, use

the Lists pop-up menu to have TextEdit create the list formatting for
you
8. To create a table, from the Format menu, choose Table. In the

resulting Table window, enter the number of rows and columns you
want, select the text alignment, choose the cell border thickness and
color, and choose a background color. Your TextEdit document
updates as you make changes.
Tip: In OS X Mountain Lion, you can use Dictation to have TextEdit type what you speak.
Mac Basics: Preview

Preview makes it easy to read Portable Document
Files (PDFs) and open popular image files including
JPEG, TIFF, and PNG.
Learn about Preview's essential editing capabilities, such as resizing, rotation, cropping,
and annotating PDFs and images in OS X Lion and Mountain Lion.
What would you like to learn more about?
Viewing and working with PDF files
Using Preview in full screen
Using Smart Magnify in Preview
Creating a signature
Signing a PDF
Viewing and working with images
Scanning
Customizing the Preview toolbar
Viewing and working with PDF files
To view a PDF file, double-click it to open it in Preview, or drag the PDF file's icon to the
Preview icon in your Dock. Preview lets you do more than just view PDFs. You can zoom
in or out, bookmark pages, add notes or highlighting, copy text, fill out forms, and more.
OS X Mountain Lion information
If you
want Do this in Preview
to...
Make the
contents
of the Click the button at the top-left of the window.
PDF
bigger
Make the
contents
of the Click the button at the top-left of the window.
PDF
smaller
View the
content Click the View menu button ( ) at the top-left of the window, then choose "Content
only Only".
View the
content
and Click the View menu button ( ) at the top-left of the window, then choose
thumbna "Thumbnails".
ils
View the
contact Click the View menu button ( ) at the top-left of the window, then choose "Contact
sheet Sheet".
View a
PDF's
table of Click the View menu button ( ) at the top-left of the window, then choose "Table of
contents Contents".
in the
sidebar
View a
list of
subjects
under a Click the gray disclosure triangle by the name of the chapter.
chapter
in the
sidebar
Jump to
a
specific
chapter
Click the name of the chapter or page in the sidebar.
or page
listed in
the
sidebar
Navigate
pages Press and hold the Option key, then use the Down Arrow to go to the next page or the Up
one at a Arrow to go to the previous page.
time
Go to a
specific
Choose Go to Page from the Go menu, type a page number, then click OK.
page
number
Bookmar
Choose Add Bookmark from the Bookmarks menu, type a name for your bookmark, then
k a page
click Add.
in a PDF
Open a
bookmar Choose the page from the Bookmarks menu.
ked page
Fill out
informati
on in a
Choose Tools > Text Selection, then click a field and enter the information; some PDF
PDF form
forms may be printable but not editable in Preview.
(if the
form
allows)
To copy
text from
Choose Tools > Text Selection, click and drag your cursor across text to select it, then
a PDF
press Command-C (or choose Edit > Copy); you can then paste the text elsewhere, such
documen
as into a TextEdit or Pages document.
t to the
clipboard
In a PDF,
change
highlight
ing color
of text;
add
underlin Select the text you want to alter in the document. Click the Markup button , then
e or choose a color, underline, or strikethrough from the pop-up menu.
strikethr
ough (OS
X
Mountain
Lion)
Add
notes, Click the Edit button ( ) on the toolbar. Several buttons will appear below the toolbar
highlight in the Preview window, including Rectangle, Oval, Line, Arrow, Text, Speech Bubble,
ing, Thought Bubble, Note, Signature menu, Colors menu, Line Attributes menu, and Show Fonts
arrows, (
or other
annotati
).
ons
Hold the Command key and click your document's name on the title bar. A pop-up menu
will reveal the path to where the file is located. The file must be saved at least one time for
this to work.
Discover
where
your file
is stored
OS X Lion information
If you want
Do this in Preview
to...
Make the
contents of
the PDF Click the button at the top-left of the window.
bigger
Make the
contents of
the PDF Click the button at the top-left of the window.
smaller
View the
content only Click the button (Content Only) at the top of the window.
View the
content as Click the button (Thumbnails) at the top of the window.
thumbnails
View the
contact sheet Click the button (Contact Sheet) at the top of the window.
View a PDF's
table of
Click the button (Table of Contents) at the top of the window. PDFs that do not
contents in
include a table of contents will display the file name in the sidebar.
the sidebar
View a list of
subjects
under a Click the gray disclosure triangle by the name of the chapter.
chapter in
the sidebar
Jump to a
specific
chapter or Click the name of the chapter or page in the sidebar.
page listed in
the sidebar
Navigate
Press and hold the Option key, then use the Down Arrow to go to the next page or the
pages one at
Up Arrow to go to the previous page.
a time
Go to a
specific page Choose Go to Page from the Go menu, type a page number, then click OK.
number
Bookmark a Choose Add Bookmark from the Bookmarks menu, type a name for your bookmark,
page in a PDF then click Add.
Open a
bookmarked Choose the page from the Bookmarks menu.
page
Fill out
information
Choose Text Tool from the Tools menu, then click a field and enter the information;
in a PDF form
some PDF forms may be printable but not editable in Preview.
(if the form
allows)
To copy text Choose Text Tool from the Tools menu, click and drag your cursor across text to
from a PDF
select it, then press Command-C (or choose Edit > Copy); you can then paste the text
document to
elsewhere, such as into a TextEdit or Pages document.
the clipboard
Add notes, Click the Annotate button on the toolbar; several annotation buttons appear below the
highlighting, toolbar in the Preview window, including Arrow, Oval, Rectangle, Text, Note, Link,
links, arrows, Signature, Highlight, Strikethrough, Underline, Color Menu, Line Width Menu, Font
or other Panel, and Annotations List
annotations .
Hold the Command key and click your document's name on the title bar. A pop-up
menu will reveal the path to where the file is located. The file must be saved at least
one time for this to work.
Discover
where your
file is stored
Using Preview in full screen
You can use Preview in full screen, which takes full advantage of your screen and
optimizes your experience while reading or viewing documents or images. To use full
screen, click the full screen button (the two arrows facing outward in the top-right
corner). You can then use gestures to zoom, rotate, and flip through your pages or
images.
To get out of full screen, move your pointer to top of the screen and the Preview menu
bar will appear, then click the full screen button (two arrows facing inward in the top-
right corner).
Using Smart Magnify in Preview
You can use Smart Magnify in Preview to magnify a specific portion of and image or
document. When using Smart Magnify on a PDF document, Smart Magnify automatically
adjusts its width to give you the best view of the text or image your viewing in the PDF.
To use Smart Magnify, open a PDF or image in Preview, then press the tilde key (just
below the esc key on your keyboard). This opens a magnifying window that you can
move around to focus in on a portion of your document or image. To close the magnifier
window, press the tilde key again.
Creating a signature
You can use Preview to take a picture of your handwritten signature and add it to PDF
documents that requires your signature.
1. Choose Preview > Preferences, click Signatures, and then click

Create Signature. You can choose Create Signature from the
Signature pop-up menu in the Edit (Annotations in OS X Lion and
Mountain Lion) toolbar.
2. Follow the instructions displayed on screen. Make sure your signature

fills the box on the left and sits on the blue baseline.
3. When your signature preview looks correct, click Accept.
Signing a PDF
1. If you don't see the Edit (Annotations in Lion and Mountain Lion) bar,
click the Edit (Annotate) button in the toolbar.
2. From the Signature pop-up menu, choose your signature.
3. Click the locations where you want the signature to appear in the
PDF. If you click a line, Preview will shrink your signature, if
necessary, to fit on it.
Viewing and working with images
Use Preview to look at images, edit them, convert them to a different format, or start a
photo slideshow.
Many images (such as JPEG, TIFF, GIF, PNG) open in Preview automatically simply do one
of the following:
Double-click the image file.
Drag the image file to the Preview icon in the Dock.

Drag a folder of images to the Preview icon to open all of them at
once.
Tip: If an image opens in a different application but you want it to always open in
Preview when you double-click it, do this one time: Control-click the file, let go of the
Control key, press the Option key, then choose Always Open With > Preview. Or,
select the image file, choose Get Info from the File menu, then change the "Opens
with:" pop-up menu choice to Preview.
When multiple image files are open or a PDF document is open, you can select the
individual images or pages via the Sidebar.
If you want to... Do this in Preview
Change the Exposure, Contrast,

Saturation, Temperature, Tint, Choose Adjust Color from the Tools menu
and/or Sharpness of your picture
Choose File > Export. Choose the desired format from the
Convert your image to another file
Format pop-up menu, type a name for your pending file, and click
format (such as from PNG to JPEG)
Save
Click the Rotate button, or choose Rotate Left or Rotate Right
Rotate an image from the Tools menu, or rotate two fingers on your trackpad, or
press Command-L or Command-R
Drag multiple images to the Preview icon in the Dock; then from
the View menu, choose Slideshow. You can also open multiple
View images in a slideshow
images at once by dragging a folder containing images to the
Preview icon
Press Command-A (or choose Edit > Select All), then press
To copy an entire image to the
Command-C (or choose Edit > Copy); you can then paste the
clipboard
image elsewhere, such as into a TextEdit or Pages document
Click and drag over the area of the image you want to select, then
To copy part of an image to the press Command-C (or choose Edit > Copy); you can then paste
clipboard the partial image elsewhere, such as into a TextEdit or Pages
document
Choose Tools > Adjust Size, then enter the size you want to
Resize an image change the image to, then click OK. Resize multiple images by
first selecting them in the sidebar.
Click and drag to select the area of the image that you want to
Crop an image retain. Next, choose Tools > Crop or press Command-K. If you
crop too much, you can press Command-Z or choose Edit >
Undo to undo the crop
Choose Tools > Annotate; several buttons appear below the

Add an arrow, circle, rectangle,
toolbar of the Preview window, including Arrow, Oval, Rectangle,
text, and more
and Text
Continuously scroll between PDF

pages or between images using Swipe two fingers
your trackpad
Scroll between PDF pages or

between images using your Swipe three fingers
trackpad (not continuously)
Zoom in Pinch with two fingers, or click the "+" button
Scanning
You can scan with Preview, as well as other ways. For more information, see this article.
Customizing the Preview toolbar
With an image or PDF open in Preview, choose View > Customize Toolbar.... A sheet
of favorite items appears, including Crop, Rotate, Print, Slideshow, and more.
Add items to the toolbar by dragging them from the sheet to the
toolbar.
To remove items from the toolbar, drag the item off the toolbar.
Rearrange items on the toolbar by dragging them left or right.
To change how items on the toolbar appear (as icon, as text, or as

both), use the "Show" pop-up menu at the bottom of the sheet.
Tip: To learn more about Preview, choose Preview Help from the Help menu in
Preview.
Languages
Mac Basics: Dictation

Learn about Dictation in Mountain Lion.
With Dictation, you can use your voice instead of typing text. No setup or special
training is required.
Turning Dictation on or off; setting Dictation preferences
1. Choose Apple () > System Preferences.
2. From the View menu, choose Dictation & Speech.
3. Click "On" to turn Dictation on, or "Off" to turn it off.
In Dictation preferences, you can also choose a shortcut key, choose the language, and
change the input source if desired.
Tip: You can also enable Dictation in an application by choosing Edit > Start
Dictation.
How to use Dictation in an application
To use Dictation in an OS X app, simply follow these steps:

1. Select a text field.
2. Press the fn (Function) key twice, or choose Edit > Start Dictation.
3. Speak what you want to have dictated into the text field.
4. When finished, click Done or press the fn key twice again. Your spoken words will
then appear in the text field.
Tips
You may speak continuously for up to 30 seconds at a time.
The purple input meter indicates how loud your voice is. If it is too low, try
moving closer to your microphone or speaking louder.
Dictating textual commands, punctuation, and emoticons
Dictation understands basic text-related commands such as all caps, new

paragraph, and new line.
When you say period, comma, question mark, or exclamation point, Dictation
adds that punctuation in the current text field. When speaking a calendar date, you do
not need to say "comma" as it's automatically detected and entered for you.
You can insert emoticons into a text field by saying "smiley" or "frown," for example.
Detailed list of Dictation commands
Command Result
question mark ?
inverted question mark
exclamation point !
hyphen -
dash
em dash
underscore _
comma ,
open parenthesis (
close parenthesis )
open square bracket [
close square bracket ]
open brace {
close brace }
semi colon ;
ellipsis
quote
end-quote
back quote "
single quote
end single quote
double-quote "
apostrophe '
colon :
slash /
back slash \
tilde ~
ampersand &
percent sign %
copyright sign
registered sign
section sign
dollar sign $
cent sign
degree sign
caret ^
at sign @
Pound sterling sign
Yen sign
Euro sign
pound sign #
smiley face (or "smiley") :-)

frowny face (or "sad face", "frown") :-(
winky face (or "winky") ;-)
cap (for example, "this is a cap Test") Capitalize next word
all caps (for example, "this is a all caps TEST") Type in all caps
caps on Caps lock on
caps off (for example, "this is caps on A VERY IMPORTANT TEST

Caps lock off
caps off tomorrow")
no caps(for example, "what time is my meeting in no caps boston

All lowercase
today")
new line Insert new text line
next line Go to the next text line
new paragraph Begin new paragraph
next paragraph Go to the next paragraph
Do not insert a space after the

no space
next word
no space on (for example, "the new car is no space on Do not insert any spaces
reallyreallyexpensive") between words
Resume inserting spaces

no space off
between words
space bar (for example, "this restaurant is first space bar class") Type a space
Type the numeral, such as 5

numeral (for example, "he starts from position numeral 5")
instead of "five"
Roman numeral (for example, "in January it's Roman numeral Type the spoken as a Roman
MMXIII") number
Using microphones
You can use the built-in microphone in your Mac, or connect an external third-party
microphone using any of the connection types supported by OS X. If you use a different
microphone than the one built-in to your Mac, you may need to change the input device
in the Dictation & Speech preference pane. If Dictation isn't using the microphone you
want, check your settings in Dictation preferences, in System Preferences.
If your computer or display does not have a built-in microphone, you will need to
connect an external microphone in order to use Dictation.
Accents
The more you use Dictation, the better it understands you. Dictation learns the
characteristics of your voice and adapts to your accent.
Using Dictation with Parental Controls
Dictation is disabled by default in accounts that are managed by Parental Controls. You
can enable Dictation via Parental Controls by following the steps in this article.
Changing the shortcut key
Dictation uses the Function (fn) key by default as the shortcut key to start and stop
Dictation, but you can easily change it to a different key. Open System Preferences, click
Dictation and Speech, then use the Shortcut pop-up menu. You can press two (or more)
keys to create a new shortcut key.
Changing the language
You can select which language to use for Dictation in the Dictation and Speech pane of
System Preferences. When your system is set to one of these languages, it automatically
enters the right text.
Dictation supports English (U.S., UK, and Australia), French, German, Japanese,
Mandarin*, Cantonese*, Spanish*, Korean*, Canadian English*, Canadian French*, and
Italian*.
* Requires OS X Mountain Lion v10.8.2 or later.
Dictation needs an Internet connection
Dictation requires an active Internet connection. If you have a proxy server on your
network, at your workplace for example, Dictation may appear to have no Internet
connection. In rare circumstances, a very slow connection may cause delays between
when you speak a word and when it then appears in a text field when finished. To learn
what network ports Dictation uses, please refer to this article.
About Dictation and privacy
When you use the keyboard dictation feature on your computer, the things you dictate
will be recorded and sent to Apple to convert what you say into text. Your computer will
also send Apple other information, such as your first name and nickname; and the
names, nicknames, and relationship with you (for example, my dad) of your address
book contacts. All of this data is used to help the dictation feature understand you better
and recognize what you say. Your User Data is not linked to other data that Apple may
have from your use of other Apple services.
Information collected by Apple will be treated in accordance with Apple's Privacy Policy,
which can be found at www.apple.com/privacy.
You can choose to turn off the dictation feature at any time. To do so, open System
Preferences, click Dictation & Speech, and then click Off in the Dictation section. If you
turn off Dictation, Apple will delete your User Data, as well as your recent voice input
data. Older voice input data that has been disassociated from you may be retained for a
period of time to generally improve Dictation and other Apple products and services.
This voice input data may include audio files and transcripts of what you said and
related diagnostic data, such as hardware and operating system specifications and
performance statistics.
You can restrict access to the Dictation feature on your computer in the Parental Controls
pane of System Preferences.
Mac Basics: Spotlight

Learn how to use Spotlight when you need to find
something on your Mac fast and easy.
You can access Spotlight from its menu bar icon or in any Finder window.
Spotlight starts finding files when you begin typing in the Spotlight search field. It will
display applications, files, and folders whose names match your search criteria, as well
as files that contain your criteria within them, such as in text documents, applications,
emails, calendars, and more. For example, if you type "itunes", Spotlight will locate the
iTunes application, as well as folders, System Preferences, and web searches that
contain the text "itunes" or media files in them.
Click the Spotlight icon in the upper-right corner of your screen (or press Command-
Space bar) and type what you're looking for in the resulting field.
The moment you start typing, Spotlight begins to show you what it has found, organizing
your results by category (including Applications, Documents, Images, and PDF
Documents). The more you type, the more refined your results will be.
Tip: You can use the Spotlight pane of System Preferences to arrange the order of these
categories and specify categories which will appear. Choose "Spotlight Preferences..."
below the search results.
If there are a lot of results, Spotlight won't display everything in the menu or window. If
you want to see everything, choose "Show All in Finder" to open a Finder window that
shows all results.
To preview an item in the Spotlight results list, use the Up Arrow and Down Arrow keys, a
two-finger trackpad swipe, or move the pointer to scroll through the results. A preview
appears for each item as it is highlighted. To open an item in the results list, just click it
if you're viewing the Spotlight menu, or double-click the item if you're looking at results
in the Finder.
You can also type your search criteria in the search field of any Finder, System
Preferences, or application window that supports it. For example, you can type ".jpg" if
you want to find all JPEG images on your Mac, or type a friend's name and a couple
keywords to locate a particular email from your friend about something.
When searching from within the Finder window, you can change where Spotlight
searches by clicking This Mac to search everywhere on your Mac or your current folder
location (the search example below shows Documents as the current folder location).
Also, you can click the Add (+) button located on the right side of the search window
below the search field to narrow down search results. For example, choose Contents for
your search to include the contents of the files, or choose Name to have your search
apply only to the name of your files.
To make more choices available in the search criteria pop-up menu, choose Other and
select the checkbox for each attribute you want to add or use the search field to quickly
locate an attribute. For example, to be able to search copyright information, select the
Copyright checkbox in the list of attributes and click OK. Add or remove search criteria
as needed by clicking Add (+) or Delete ().
Other things you can do with Spotlight
You can use Spotlight like a calculator--simply type a mathematical expression in

the search field.
Look up definitions: Type a word or phrase in the search field, then click the "Look
Up" (or "Definition" in Mac OS X v10.6 and earlier) result to see the definition in
Dictionary.
Tip: If you hover the cursor over a Look Up result, a definition pops out to the left:
Advanced information
Mac Basics: iMovie

If you want to quickly assemble a few video clips or
fine-tune your masterpiece, iMovie is the perfect
place to do it all. Import your video from virtually any
digital camcorder, and drag and drop to create
sophisticated edits and dazzling special effects.
iMovie makes it easy and simple for you to polish up your movies and add in songs or
pictures.
Watch these tutorial videos to get started creating your movie!
Tip: Use the built-in iMovie Help guide on your Mac (in iMovie, choose Help and then
iMovie Help) to get more in depth and use iMovie like a pro! Visit the iMovie Support
page and the Discussion Forums where you can get more help from other iMovie users.

Mac Basics: Notification Center
Learn about Notification Center and its options.
Notification Center in Mountain Lion provides you with an elegant and unified view of
new stuff that pops up on your Mac from third-party apps, Mail, Calendar, FaceTime,
Game Center, Messages, Reminders, and updates from the Mac App Store. You can
access Notification Center from anywhere, anytime, including full-screen apps.
Notification Center
To show the Notification Center, either:
Click the menubar icon( ) in the upper right of the menubar.
On a trackpad, two finger swipe left from the right edge of the trackpad.
In Notification Center, you can view your most recently added items.
Click an item to go directly to the associated app.

Click the "X" icon ( ) on the right of the app bar to clear all items related to that app.
Tip: On a trackpad, swipe down to expose the Show Alerts and Banners switch to
quickly suspend or activate Alerts and Banners. Note: If you connect a projector to your
Mac, Alerts and Banners are automatically suspended.
Note: A Twitter button ( ) will appear at the top after you configure your Mac
with a Twitter account via the the Mail, Contacts & Calendars pane of System
Preferences.
Banners, Alerts, and Badges notifications
Note: Some Banners, Alerts, and Badges require their associated application (such as
Mail) to be running and in the background. Also, when first opened, an application may
consolidate multiple notifications into one banner or alert.
Banners
Banners slide down in the upper right corner of your Mac for a short period of time, then
slide off screen to the right.
On the left is the icon of the app that generated the banner. The rest of the banner will
contain a brief message from the app.
Click the banner to go directly to the associated app.
Alerts
Alerts are important announcements that appear the same way as banners. They remain
on your screen until you take action.
Tip: To dismiss an Alert or Banner without interacting with it, place the cursor over the
banner and use a two finger swipe to the right.
Badges
A red badge with a number will appear on the upper-right of an app dock icon to indicate
how many new items are available for it.
Configuring Notifications
Notifications options are configured in the Notifications system preference.
To open, select Apple () menu > System Preferences > Notifications
Tip: Click the settings icon ( ) in the lower right corner of Notification Center to open
its system preferences.
To configure options for apps:

1. Highlight the app by clicking it in the "In Notification Center" pane on the left.
2. Choose the alert style for the app. Options are:
None No alerts will be presented.
Banners Show a temporary banner when new items occur.
Alert Show an Alert that requires acknowledgement.
3. Check or uncheck the "Show in Notification Center:" option for the apps presence
in Notification Center.
Choose the number of recent items to appear from the pop-up menu.
4. Check or uncheck "Badge app icon" option to show badges on the icon of the app
in the Dock.
5. Check or uncheck "Play sound when receiving notifications" for the Mac to play its
alert sound.
Tip: The alert sound is configured in the Sound pane of System

Preferences.
Select the "Sort Notification Center:" option pop-up menu to sort Notification Center
Manually or by the time events are added.
Tip: Click and drag an app in the "In Notification Center" pane on the left to arrange the
order of apps.
Connecting Accessories
Learn how to connect your printer, digital camera, camcorder, and other devices to your Mac, and find
out how to use them with it.
Mac Basics: Ports and connectors
Learn about the ports and connectors on your Mac.
Here are some examples of your computer's ports which are used to connect power,
headphones, or other devices (called peripherals) to your Mac.
Ports on a MacBook Pro with Retina display:
Ports on the back of an iMac:
Different kinds of ports
MagSafe port: On a Mac notebook, this is where you connect the

MagSafe power cable.
USB port: A wired external keyboard or mouse connects to your
computer's USB port, as do many printers and USB flash drives
(wireless keyboards, trackpads, and printers do not need to use a USB
portthese use wireless Bluetooth or Wi-Fi technology). Learn more
about using USB devices with Mac computers here.
Thunderbolt: Connect a Thunderbolt display, or connect a Mini

DisplayPort to DVI, VGA, HDMI, or DisplayPort adapter. Also connect
storage devices, video capture, firewire, and gigabit ethernet
adapters directly to your Mac's Thunderbolt port. Got a new
Thunderbolt display? See which Macs can connect to it.
Audio ports: Connect your Mac to an audio system or to connect

headphones or speakers using the audio ports.
HDMI port: You can use this port and an HDMI cable to connect to
an HDTV's HDMI port, and use the TV as an external display. Note:
You can also use an Apple TV and AirPlay Mirroring to turn your HDTV
into an external display.
Ethernet port: If you connect to the Internet without Wi-Fi, you

probably have a modem or router connected to your computer's
Ethernet port. If your Mac doesn't have an Ethernet port but you need
one, you can use the Apple USB Ethernet Adapter.
FireWire port: Some Macs come with FireWire 400 or FireWire 800
ports for connecting peripheral devices such as external hard drives.
Some Macs include a card reader slot ("SDXC card"), which makes it
easy to transfer photos to and from your computer.
A Kensington lock slot is available on certain Macs.
Which ports does my Mac have?
To learn which ports and connectors your Mac has:
1. Find your computer's serial number.
2. Go to Tech Specs.
3. Enter your computer's serial number into the search box on the Tech
Specs page. The search results should include your model of Mac.
4. Click your computer to see its technical specifications, which include

the ports and connectors.
I need more ports!
Some Macs have more ports than others. If you run into a situation in which your Mac
doesn't have enough ports to connect all of your USB or FIreWire peripherals, consider
getting a third-party hub.
There are many third-party USB and FireWire hubs on the market. These hubs work in
the same way that a power strip allows you to plug in more electrical devices into a
single socket. Companies such as Belkin and Kensington offer a wide variety of hubs.
If you want to create your own computer network, you can find plenty of Ethernet
routers and hubs on the market too.
The user guide for your Mac has more information about the specific ports included on
your computer. You can download a copy from the manuals page.
Learn more about ports, devices, and basic troubleshooting.
Important: Mention of third-party websites and products is for informational purposes only and constitutes neither an
endorsement nor a recommendation. Apple assumes no responsibility with regard to the selection, performance or use of
information or products found at third-party websites. Apple provides this only as a convenience to our users. Apple has not
tested the information found on these sites and makes no representations regarding its accuracy or reliability. There are
risks inherent in the use of any information or products found on the Internet, and Apple assumes no responsibility in this
regard. Please understand that a third-party site is independent from Apple and that Apple has no control over the content
on that website. Please contact the vendor for additional information.

Mac Basics: Connecting a home stereo,
iPod, iPad, musical instruments, or
speakers
You can easily connect guitars, microphones,
keyboards, digital music players, home stereos, and
speakers to your Mac. Learn how to connect third-
party audio and music devices to your Mac, and how
to configure them for use.
Playing and streaming music from your Mac, iPod, or iPad
You can play music from your Mac using iTunes, or, stream it wirelessly to external
speakers using an iPod, iPhone or iPad.
If you need to use a third-party audio device to connect your speakers to your Mac, it
needs to be plugged-in using a FireWire, USB or S/PDIF cable. If drivers are required for
the audio device, you should install them first, before plugging the device into the Mac
for the first time. If you aren't sure if a driver needs to be installed for your audio device,
check with the documentation which was included with it, or, consult the manufacturers
web site. Class compliant audio devices do not require a software driver to work with a
Mac, whereas non-class compliant audio devices require a driver for correct operation.
The most obvious clues that a required driver has not been installed for a third party
audio device include no sound, constantly blinking lights on the audio device itself
and/or difficulty choosing the device as an input (or output) in Sound preferences.
You can also stream music (as well as videos and photos) from your iPod, iPad, or iPhone
using AirPlay. Additionally, with iOS 5 or later, you can wirelessly sync your iOS device
(including music) over a shared Wi-Fi connection.
Connecting your home stereo to a Mac
If you want to digitize your vinyl record or cassette tape collection, or other sound
source, you can easily connect your home stereo to your computer, then use audio
recording software such as GarageBand to record the music on your Mac.
To do this, you will need a USB or FireWire audio interface that has dual RCA inputs, or if
your Mac has an audio input, you can use a 1/8-inch stereo mini plug to dual RCA female
connectors adapter.
Follow these steps to record from your home stereo to your Mac.
1. Connect the RCA connectors to your stereo receiver's auxiliary (Aux)

output. (This may also be called "Record" or "Tape Out" on some
receivers)
2. Connect the other end of the cable either to the audio input port on
your Mac, or, to your Mac-connected audio interface.
3. Turn on your home stereo.
4. Make sure your stereo is set to output via auxiliary.
5. From the Apple () menu, choose System Preferences, then click

Sound.
6. Click the Input tab and select your audio interface or the audio line
In.
Connecting headphones and speakers
Macs have built-in speakers, but you may also consider connecting a set of headphones
for personal listening, or, connect external speakers (which are sometimes also referred
to as monitors) to your computer for audio mixing or other tasks. You don't need to
install additional software unless you have a surround sound speaker system that
requires a driver to be installed on your Mac.
To use headphones, just plug in your headphone cable into the headphone/line out port
on your Mac, if your headphones have a 1/4-inch stereo plug, you will need a 1/4-inch
stereo female phono connector to 1/8-inch stereo mini-phono plug adapter.
Depending on your speaker connections and your computer's ports, you will need to
connect them to your computer's headphone/line out jack, USB port, FireWire port, or
optical digital audio output port. Generally, regardless of what type of connector you
use, you'll need to connect one main cable to the appropriate port on your Mac to then
"feed" the audio signal to your speaker system. Please consult the instructions that
came with your speakers for information and about hooking up your speaker system.
Your speakers instructions may also contain suggestions for ideal speaker placement
locations.
Tip: If surround sound content plays on only two speakers of a 5-speaker (or more)
surround sound setup, it may indicate a configuration problem with the speakers, or the
application being used to play the content on the Mac doesn't support surround sound
output. For best results, always use either the iTunes or DVD Player applications to enjoy
surround sound content on your Mac.
Attaching an audio interface
Plug in your guitar, bass, keyboard or microphone

Connect a USB musical keyboard
See also: Setting up iTunes and DVD Player for digital surround sound.
If you're having difficulty getting MIDI devices working with your audio interface and/or
Mac, try following the steps in this article using the Audio MIDI Setup application.

Mac Basics: Connect your camera or

camcorder
Digital cameras and camcorders allow you to capture
memorable events. Learn how to import your photos
and videos from your camera or camcorder.
Digital cameras
With iPhoto, you can organize, edit, and share your photos. Your friends and family can
enjoy your vacation videos even more after you edit the footage in iMovie.
If you're looking for more professional approach to editing and enhancing photos and
videos, try Aperture for retouching photos or Final Cut Pro for video editing.
You have to import your photos and movies into your Mac first, which brings us to this
topic:
Connecting your camera or camcorder to your Mac
Although many cameras can be connected to your computer (often with a USB or
FireWire cable) without installing any software, check the documentation that came with
your camera to see what your model requires; some manufacturers require or
recommend that you install software to get the full benefits from your camera. Your
camera might use a card to store media, which can be inserted into some Macs as
described below.
If you want to use iPhoto to view and edit your pictures

iPhoto makes it easy to download your camera's photos to your hard drive.
1. Make sure you have the latest iPhoto and OS X updates installed by
checking the App Store (OS X Mountain Lion) or Software Update.
2. Connect your camera to your Mac using the USB cable that came
with your camera.
Note: If your Mac has an SD card slot and your camera uses a
compatible SD card, you can simply insert the card into your Mac
instead of connecting the camera via a USB cable (then skip to step
4).
3. Turn on your camera. If your camera needs to be set to a certain

mode to transfer photos, do so now but check your camera manual if
you're not sure how. The camera or more precisely, its media card,
appears in the devices section of the Finder sidebar as a mounted
volume.
4. Open iPhoto, if it does not open automatically.
5. iPhoto displays your camera or the name you gave your media card
in the devices list of the iPhoto sidebar.
6. Type a name for your group of photos in the Event Name field, such
as "Nevada Vacation" or "Company Party Photos."
7. Click Import Selected to only import selected photos from your

camera, or click Import X Photos to import all photos from your
camera. iPhoto will import pictures and movies from your camera.
8. When prompted, click Delete Photos to delete them from your

camera or SD card. Or, click Keep Photos to keep them on your
cameras or SD card.
9. To disconnect the camera when finished, control-click the device in

the devices list and select Unmount, or power off the camera. To
disconnect an SD card, click the Eject button to the right of the
device. When the camera or card disappears from the list, you can
safely remove it.
Get images from your camera via Image Capture

You can use Image Capture to copy images to anywhere on your hard drive.
These steps will copy image files from your camera to wherever you wish on your hard
drive, but not to iPhoto's library. You can later add them to iPhoto if you wish.
1. Connect your camera to your Mac using the cable that came with
your camera.
3).

mode to transfer photos, do so now by simply checking your
camera's manual. The camera or more precisely, its media card
appears on the desktop as a mounted volume.
3. Open Image Capture from Launchpad by typing Image Capture in the

search field.
Note: If iPhoto opens automatically, you can quit it.
4. Select the media card or your camera from the devices list, if it is not
already selected.
5. At the bottom of the devices and shared list, you can choose to
delete photos from your camera after importing them and you can
choose which application opens when you reconnect your camera or
card to your computer.
6. From the import To pop-up menu, choose where you want Image
Capture to download your files.
7. If you want to import all the photos from your camera, click Import
All. If you only want selected photos imported, choose the photos you
want and then click Import. Tip: By pressing and holding down the
Command key and clicking the photos you can select multiple
photos. The photos you select will be highlighted (as shown in the
figure above).
8. All photos that you import will have a green checkmark indicating
they have been imported.
9. To disconnect the camera when finished, turn it off. To disconnect an

SD card, click the Eject button to the right of the device. When the
card disappears from the list, you can safely disconnect it.
To manually download photos
Many cameras allow you to manually copy your images using the Finder. Use these steps
to copy your camera's photo and movie files by simply dragging and dropping the files
from the camera volume to your hard drive:
You can copy your camera's photo and movie files by simply dragging and dropping the
files from the camera volume to your hard drive.
1. Connect your camera to your Mac using the cable that came with
your camera.
3).
mode to transfer photos, do so now. You may want to check your
camera manual if you're not sure how. The camera or more precisely,
its media card, appears in the devices section of the Finder sidebar
as a mounted volume.
3. Double-click the volume to open it and open the DCIM folder, which
holds your pictures.
4. Drag the image files or folder to your desktop or any folder on your
hard drive to copy them. You can then open the files in any graphics
application, and even import them into iPhoto if you want by
dragging the files into the album section of the iPhoto sidebar.
5. To delete all photos from the media card in your camera, you can
either drag the DCIM folder to the Trash and then empty the Trash, or
delete the images using your camera's controls.
6. To disconnect the camera, drag the volume icon the the Trash, and it
turns into an Eject icon. When the icon disappears from the desktop,
you can safely disconnect your camera. To disconnect an SD card,
click the Eject button to the right of the media card in the devices list
of Finder.
Camcorders
Here's how to connect a camcorder to your computer and capture footage in iMovie.
1. Connect your camcorder to your computer, using the cable that came
with it.
2. Turn on your camera and set it to PC Connect mode (this mode may
have a different name on your camera).
3. Open iMovie.
4. If the Import window doesn't open, choose File > Import from
Camera from the iMovie menu, or click the video camera button
above the Event Library list. The Import window displays all the video
clips on your camera.
5. You can use the playback controls in the iMovie interface to view your
camera footage in the iMovie monitor pane.
6. To select all clips, set the Automatic/Manual switch to Automatic, and

then click Import All. To import specific clips, set the
Automatic/Manual switch to Manual. Deselect the clips you don't
want to import, and click Import Checked. The first time you import
from a video camera that records high-definition (HD) video, an HD
Import Setting dialog appears. Even if you aren't importing high-
definition, video now, select Large or Full, and then click OK.
7. From the Save to pop-up menu, choose a location to store the videos.
8. In the Create new Event field enter a event name and then click
Import.
Tip: Want to learn more about iMovie? Check out the built-in iMovie Help on your Mac (in
iMovie, choose iMovie Help from the Help menu). Also, see www.apple.com/ilife/imovie/.
To find out if your camera or camcorder is supported by iMovie, please consult

http://help.apple.com/imovie/cameras for the current version of iMovie or
http://www.apple.com/support/imovie/ for older versions of iMovie.
Mac Basics: Using a scanner

Learn about using a scanner in OS X so that you can
scan text documents, photographs, and so forth into
files on your Mac.
Note: Your scanner may be part of a multi-function printer; see Printing for details about
managing printers.
Tips for scanning in OS X
Check the list of supported scanners for the model of scanner you are
about to connect to your Mac.
Use Software Update to automatically install third-party scanner /

printer software updates.
Connect a USB scanner to automatically create the scanner / print
queue.
You can share your USB connected scanner with other Macs on your
home network.
You can scan from various applications:
Image Capture
Preview
Print & Fax preferences in System Preferences
Scanner / Printer queue
Some third-party applications
Important: If your scanner driver supports control panel functions in OS X, pressing a

scan button on your device may not begin the scanning process. Use one of the above
applications to control the scanner.
See below for more details about these features.
Before you connect your scanner
Make sure the scanner is powered on and doesn't have any alerts
displayed in its control panel.
Make sure you know an administrator account name and password for
your Mac.
Connect the scanner
Simply connect your multi-function printer or scanner via a USB cable. If you multi-
function printer uses a Ethernet or wireless network, make sure it is configured to use
the same local network as your Mac. Next, choose Apple () > System Preferences
and then choose View > Print & Scan. Click the + (plus) icon below the Printers pane
on the left and select the printer you would like to add.
After you connect to your scanner, run Software Update to check for the latest third-
party printer / scanner software and updates.
Note: Refrain from installing the software that came with your scanner as it may be out
of date. OS X and Software Update contain the most recent versions of scanner
software. You will see future updates when they are made available via Software Update.
How to scan
Note: This article discusses scanning via the Image Capture application (located in the
Applications folder). Scanning with other applications such as Preview is a very similar
process.
Simplified scan mode
In the "simplified" scanner interface, follow these steps:
1. Place the item(s) you would like to scan on the scanner bed.
2. Open Image Capture by clicking Launchpad in the Dock and typing

Image Capture in the search field.
3. OS X Mountain Lion: If your scanner has a document feeder, you can
check "Use Document Feeder" to scan via the feeder instead of the
flatbed.
OS X Lion and earlier: If your scanner supports different modes, you
will see a "Mode:" pop-up menu in Image Capture. Modes may
include Flatbed, Transparency Positive, Transparency Negative, and
more.
4. OS X Mountain Lion: By default, Image Capture will scan to the

system's default page size such as "US Letter", and scan the whole
page. Click for other options such as "Detect Enclosing Box" or
"Detect Separate Items".
OS X Lion and earlier: Choose "Detect Separate Items" from the "Auto
selection" pop-up menu to have scanned objects automatically
selected and straightened. Each item will also be stored in a separate
file. Tip: Objects with high contrast edging will increase the accuracy
of auto-selection. "Detect Enclosing Box" from the "Auto selection"
pop-up menu to include all the items on the scanner bed in one
image.
5. Choose where to save the scanned images from the "Scan To:" pop-
up menu:
A folder of your choosing. A number of folders are already pre-

configured or choose "Other" to select the folder you want.
An application such as iPhoto, Aperture, or Preview.
Mail application, to have each of your scanned images put into

its own email message.
6. Click "Scan" to scan.
Note: The scanned items will become JPEG images incrementally named: scan1.jpeg,
scan2.jpeg, and so forth.
Advanced scanning options
Selecting areas to scan
If you want to select specific areas to scan (or if you unchecked "Detect Separate
Items"), follow these steps. Note: The "Scan" button is dimmed until a scan area is
selected.
1. Deselect all currently selected scan areas by clicking in an empty

area that is not yet selected (selected areas are outlined by a border
that has a line of dashes).
2. To specify the scanning area, click and drag to cover the area you
want to scan.
3. To resize a selection area, click within the border of the selected area.
Gray dots appear on the border. When your cursor hovers over a
handle, it will turn red. Click and drag the red handle to resize the
scan area. Tip: You can Shift-click another area to select more than
one.
4. If you want to delete the selection, press Delete.
5. If you want to rotate the selection, click the rotation handle just at
the end of the line that starts in the center of the selection. When
your cursor is near this handle, it turns red and a transparent image
of a person will appear within the area. Click the red handle and
adjust the rotation to your liking. Note: There may be a border
handle to resize your selection near this handle; make sure you click
on the correct handle.
6. To create a new selection area, simply click and drag in an area that
is not part of a selection.
How to share your USB-connected scanner on your network
2. From the View menu, choose Sharing.
3. Enable (check) "Scanner Sharing".
4. Select the connected scanner that you would like to share.

How to connect to a network shared scanner
Image Capture and Print & Scan
1. Open Image Capture or Print & Scan preferences.
2. Select the Scanner from the "SHARED" group in the sidebar.
Preview and other applications
1. Open Preview by clicking Launchpad in the Dock and typing Preview

in the search field.
2. First enable Networked devices. Choose File > Import from

Scanner > Include Networked Devices.
3. Select your scanner. Choose File > Import from Scanner > (your
scanner under "Network Devices").
If you are unable to scan
Verify the scanner has power and is turned on. Turn the scanner off and then back on
again.
Troubleshooting printer issues in OS X

Symptoms
Use this article to troubleshoot printer issues in OS

X.
Resolution
USB printers and Bonjour-enabled network printers
Follow these steps until the issue is addressed:
1. Make sure that the printer is powered on, has ink / toner, and that
there are no alerts on the printers control panel. Note: If you cannot
clear an alert on the printer's control panel, stop here and check the
printer's documentation or contact the manufacturer for support.
2. Ensure the printer is properly connected to a USB port on the Mac or

AirPort base station / Time Capsule. If the printer is a network-
capable printer, make sure that it is properly connected to your home
network.
3. Use Software Update to find and install the latest available updates.
If an update is installed, see if the issue persists.
4. Open the Print & Scan pane or Print & Fax (Snow Leopard) pane in
System Preferences.
5. Delete the affected printer, then add the printer again.
If the issue persists, try these additional steps:
1. Reset the printing system, then add the printer again.
2. If the issue still persists, reset the printing system again. Download
and install your printer's drivers. Then, add the printer again.
3. Contact the printer vendor or visit their website for further

assistance.
Note: If your printer is wireless-capable, you should first add the printer to your
network. Use the printer's control panel, or temporarily connect the printer to your Mac
via USB. For more details, see this article.
For information about adding a printer and other topics, see these articles:
Mac Basics: Printing in OS X Mountain Lion & OS X Lion
Mac 101: Printing (Mac OS X v10.6)

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Mac Basics: Printing in OS X Mountain

Lion & OS X Lion
Learn about printing in OS X Mountain Lion and OS X
Lion.
Important
OS X Mountain Lion and OS X Lion systems will have the necessary

printing software already installed, or will automatically download and
install software when the printer is connected or configured. Do not
install software that came with the printer as it may be out of date,
and do not connect the printer to your Mac yet. Follow the
instructions that came with the printer to unpack, install ink or toner,
and insert paper. Finally, use the instructions in this article to connect
the printer to your Mac.
Make sure the printer model is listed in Printer and scanner software,
which is a comprehensive list of all printer models that have
compatible software for OS X Mountain Lion and OS X Lion.
How to add a printer
Before adding a printer to your Mac, check the following:
Run Software Update to retrieve the latest information about printer

software provided to Apple by the printer vendors. Note: If you do not
run Software Update before attempting to connect a new printer, you
may see that software is not available.
Make sure the printer is powered on, has paper, and doesn't have any
issues such as a paper jam, low ink, or alerts displayed on its control
panel. Note: If the printer has an issue that can't be cleared, contact
the printer vendor for support.
If the printer is a Wi-Fi printer and it is connecting to a Wi-Fi network,

make sure it is properly connected to the Wi-Fi network first. The
printer may have to be connected to the Mac initially via USB. See
Overview on how to connect a Wi-Fi printer to your Wi-Fi network for
details.
Adding, managing, or removing print queues and software may

require an administrator account name and password--make sure you
know one for the Mac. Note: Any applications that are open before
adding a printer will need to be quit and re-opened, in order to see all
the features of the new printer.
Add a USB printer
Connect the USB printer to the Mac, and a print queue will be automatically created for
it. If the Mac already has current software for the printer, the print queue is created for
you in the background.
Note: If the printer is an AirPrint-enabled printer, OS X Mountain Lion will add it without
downloading and installing any printer software.
Tip: If software is needed, OS X Mountain Lion or OS X Lion will automatically prompt

you.
If prompted, follow the onscreen software install instructions to complete the process.
Add nearby printers
With OS X Mountain Lion and OS X Lion, you can quickly add a nearby printer. This
includes:
Nearby Wi-Fi printers or wired network-based printers that are on your

local network and support Bonjour.
A printer connected to the USB port of a Time Capsule or AirPort base

station on the home network.
A printer that is being shared by another Mac on the home network.
To add a nearby printer via the print sheet: Select the printer you want from the
"Printers:" pop-up menu.
Tip: If software is needed for the printer, OS X Mountain Lion or OS X Lion will
automatically prompt you.
Follow the onscreen instructions to complete the process.
Add a printer via the Print & Scan system preference pane
Choose Apple menu > System Preferences Then choose View > Print & Scan.
Note: If the Print & Scan lock icon is locked, click the lock icon and, when prompted
enter an administrator name and password to unlock it.
Click and hold the + (plus) icon below the Printers pane on the left and select the
"Nearby Printer" you would like to add.
If there are no "Nearby Printers" on the home network, select "Add Other Printer or
Scanner"
Tip: To directly open the "Add Printer" dialog box, click the plus (+) icon.
From the Add Printer toolbar there are these choices:
Default Used to get a list of all printers the Mac can see via USB,
Bonjour, and so forth. Select the printer and click "Add".
Tip: If there is a long list of printers, use the search field in the
top-right.
Fax Used to add a queue for a third party Fax device connected to
the Mac.
Note: Apple's USB Fax modem is not compatible with OS X Lion

or later. Contact a third party Fax vendor for support and to make
sure their product is compatible with the version of OS X that you
are using.
IP Used to add a network printer that does not use Bonjour and or is
on another network. Printers that support the Internet Printing
Protocol (IPP), Line Printer Daemon (LPD), and HP Jetdirect (Socket)
can be added in this manner. See How to connect to an IP-based
printer or AppleTalk printer via IP for details about how to connect an
IP based printer.
Windows Used to add a printer that is shared via the Windows

printer sharing protocol (CIFS/SMB). Tip: See File Sharing for details
about how to add a Mac to a Windows Workgroup. This is often
needed to see Windows printer shares.
Tip: Control click the toolbar and select "Customize Toolbar" to add the "Advanced"
tool. The "Advanced" tool is only needed for Enterprise environments.
Start a print job on the Mac and manage its options
To start a print job, choose File > Print from any application that can print or press
P (Command-P). This will display a print sheet.
Here is a sample basic print sheet showing standard details of the print job. Click "Hide
Details" if it appears to get this:
From the basic print sheet you have these options:
"Printer:" Choose the destination printer from the "Printer:" pop-up

menu.
Tip: Also access the "Add Printer" dialog box or Print & Scan
Preferences
If there is no printer added and if a Bonjour capable printer is

available on the home network, nearby printers will be shown to
add.
"Presets:" Choose the printer presets to apply to the print job.
Presets are pre-configured combinations of printer feature options.
Tip: Use "Show Presets" in the "Show Details" print sheet to

manage your presets.
"Copies" Number of copies the print job will make.
"Pages:" Choose "All", "Single" or "Range"
Preview of the print job. Note: App support for this feature is needed.
Tip: Use the arrows under the preview to review the print job.
"?" Show the print sheet Help Center content.
"PDF " Show the PDF workflow menu. See the below "PDF
Workflow" section below for details.
"Cancel" Cancel the print job.
"Print" Begin the print job. Once clicked, the print job will appear in
the printer queue.
Here is the expanded "Show Details" view of the print sheet. Click "Show Details" if it
appears to get this.
In addition to the details shown in the standard print sheet, there are these options:
"Paper Size:" Set the paper size for the print job.
Tip: Also manage custom paper size here.
"Orientation:" Choose portrait or landscape page orientations.
"Scale:" Scale the print job to a larger or smaller size.
Tip: The print preview will reflect scaling changes.
Application and Printer settings The contents of this pop-up menu

will depend on the printer and application used.
Tip: Want to save the settings for future print jobs? Use the
"Presets:" pop-up menu.
"Hide Details" Puts the print sheet into standard view mode.
Generate and manage PDFs
Preview the print job as a PDF or save it as a PDF file (with metadata).
Click the "PDF " button in any printer sheet, and the PDF workflow menu will drop
down with these options:
1. "Open PDF in Preview" - Generates a PDF of the print job and opens it
in the application Preview.
2. "Save as PDF" - Creates a PDF of the print job to a destination of

your choice with options to add metadata to the PDF (Title, Author,
Subject and Keywords). Metadata is useful when you use Spotlight.
Clicking "Security Options..." will open the PDF Security Options

dialog box, there are these options:
Require password to open document
Require password to copy text, images and other content
Require password to print document
3. "Save as PostScript" - Generates a PostScript file of your print job to

a destination of your choice.
4. "Fax PDF" - Generates a PDF of the print job and and sends it to your
fax device for transmission. Note: An OS X Mountain Lion or OS X
Lion compatible third-party fax device is needed.
5. "Mail PDF" - Generates a PDF of the print job is attached to a new

email document. Add email recipients and send it.
6. "Add PDF to iTunes" Generates a PDF of the print job will be added
to iTunes, where you can add it to iBooks.
7. "Save PDF to Web Receipts Folder" - Generates a PDF of the print job
will be saved to your "~/Documents/Web Receipts" folder.
8. "Edit menu" - Add / remove printing workflows. See Automator to

learn how to create new printing workflows.
Manage the printer queue and printer dock icon

Once a print job is started, the printer dock icon appears. Click the printer dock icon to
open the printer queue, which is a list of print jobs that are printing, on hold, or paused.
The print queue will also display messages sent from the printer; for example, "The
printer is not connected."
Control-clicking the icon will bring up the Dock menu for your printer queue, as shown.
Tags on the printer queue icon include:
Red tag with a number indicates the number of print jobs in your
printer queue, the above example is indicating two print jobs.
Green tag with a pause symbol indicates the printer queue has been
paused, as shown above. Note: There is no green icon when the
printer queue is resumed.
Yellow tag with a bolt icon indicates there is an issue with the printer;
for example, the printer is not currently connected to your Mac.
You can also open the print queue from the "Print & Scan" pane of System Preferences.
Here is a sample print queue:
From the printer queue you can perform the following:
Delete Delete print jobs
Hold / Resume Hold or resume print jobs
Job Info Click to see the printer options of the print job
Pause / Resume Pause or resume the printer queue
Supply Levels Click to see the supply levels of your printer; options
depend on the model of printer
Printer Setup Click to see options for naming your printer queue,
and other choices; the options depend on the model of printer
Printer / Scanner Present if you are connected to a Multi-Function

Printer. Alternate between the two buttons to switch from Printer
Queue to Scanner Tool. See this article for scanning details
Tip: Click on a print job to highlight it, then press the Spacebar to see
a Quick Look of your print job; alternatively, click the arrow beside the
job's name
Share the printer queue

To enable printer sharing, open the Sharing pane of System Preferences, then select the
Printer Sharing "On" checkbox found in the list of services on the left side.
Choose which print queue to share by selecting its check box in the middle "Printers:"
pane.
By default, the "Everyone" group can print to your shared Printer Queue. If you would
like to control access to your shared printer, click the + (plus) button below the Users
pane on the right. A users sheet will drop down; highlight one or more users or groups
and click "Select" to add them. Once added, the Everyone group access will be set to
"No Access".
Tip: If you want a Windows PC to use a Mac printer share to print, install Bonjour Print
Services for Windows.
About graphic resolutions for inkjet and laser printers
Edit large graphic(s) to use a resolution of 360 DPI. Note: 360 DPI is a good general
recommendation. Check the printer's documentation and printer manufacturer's website
for more information about the maximum resolution for printing graphics.
When printing graphics to a inkjet or laser printer, the graphic(s) resolution rarely needs
to be more than 360 DPI. If you send a higher-resolution graphic to your printer than is
needed, the image will be reduced to a resolution which your printer can handle. With a
very large image (2 GB or larger), you may see a "Print failed due to program error" alert
message and the print job will not work.
Reducing your graphics to the maximum resolution that your printer can print may also
improve printing performance, because your Mac will not have to pair down your graphic
resolution to match your printer.
If you want to calculate the byte size of your image, you can use these formulas:
For graphics based on 8-bit RGB component:
3 x DPI x DPI x height x width
For graphics based on 8-bit CMYK component:
For graphics based on 8-bit grayscale component:

Because inkjet and laser printers use a process called halftoning to approximate the
colors in your image, the maximum useful image resolution is typically 1/4 (one fourth)
the advertised resolution of your printer. For example, a printer that advertises a
resolution of 1440 DPI does not require graphics with more than a resolution of 360 DPI.
Halftoning approximates colors by printing a pattern of dots that, when viewed from a
distance, look like the original color. Modern printers use very small dots so you have to
look very closely to see them.
Example
The graphic below shows shades of cyan from white to full saturation. In the first graphic
pixel zoom we see no printer dots of cyan, which represents a graphic pixel of white. The
next graphic pixel zoom shows 25% of the printer dots having a cyan dot, making for a
graphic pixel of 25% cyan saturation. The halftone process adds more cyan dots until all
the dots are filled with cyan. A 8-by-8 matrix of printer dots will make 1 graphic pixel
capable of 64 shades of cyan. Note: Printer software will slightly randomize the location
of these dots to help smooth out gradients and so forth.
For more information
See this article for a comprehensive list of printer software for OS X

Mountian Lion & OS X Lion
See this article for troubleshooting printer connections
See this article for how to connect to an IP printer or AppleTalk printer

via IP
See this article for how to connect a Wi-Fi capable printer to your Wi-Fi
network
See this article for how to use and connect a scanner
See here for printer troubleshooting for AirPort Base Stations and
Time Capsule
See this for information about Bonjour
See this Microsoft page for information about Windows CIFS browse
protocol
See this Microsoft page for information about troubleshooting

Windows CIFS protocol
Third-party printer websites
Visit HP's website
Visit Canon's website
Visit Epson's website
Visit Brother's website
Visit Lexmark's website
Visit Samsung's website

USB printer troubleshooting for
AirPort Express, AirPort Extreme, and
Symptoms
Your USB printer may work the way you expected it

to when connected to your computer, but not when
it's connected to your AirPort Express, AirPort
Extreme or AirPort Time Capsule for printer sharing.
Note: AirPort Express, AirPort Extreme and AirPort

Time Capsule printer sharing is for printing only, not
for printer utilities or other special features that may
require a direct USB connection.
Resolution
Check for software updates
Be sure that you have the most recent OS X or iOS software updates, and the latest
firmware for your AirPort product before trying to print.
Note: Printing via an iOS device requires an AirPrint enabled printer. Refer to AirPrint
Basics for a list of AirPrint enabled printers.
Disconnect and reconnect
1. Disconnect the AirPort Express, AirPort Extreme or AirPort Time

Capsule from a power outlet.
2. Turn off the printer.
3. Be sure the USB cable from the printer is connected to the AirPort
Express, AirPort Extreme or AirPort Time Capsule.
4. Turn on the printer.
5. Reconnect the AirPort Express, AirPort Extreme or AirPort Time

Capsule to a power outlet and wait for it to become ready.
6. Try to print.
Check your printer driver
Check the website of the printer's manufacturer for the latest driver version.
Reset Printing System
Use these steps on your Mac if the above steps do not help.
1. Open System Preferences > Print & Fax preferences.
2. Control-click or right-click in the Printers section on the left.
3. Choose Reset printing system....
4. Click OK.
5. Click the + button to add your printer again.
6. Try to print.
Still not working?
If your printer still doesn't work with AirPort Express, AirPort Extreme or AirPort Time
Capsule printer sharing, but does work when directly connected to your Mac, contact the
printer manufacturer for additional information and to verify that printer sharing is
supported.
Refer to this article for additional help setting up a USB printer on your Wi-Fi network.
Refer to AirPrint Setup and Troubleshooting for additional AirPrint help for your iPhone or
iPad.
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Mac Basics: Using a scanner

Learn about using a scanner in OS X so that you can
scan text documents, photographs, and so forth into
files on your Mac.
Note: Your scanner may be part of a multi-function printer; see Printing for details about
managing printers.
Tips for scanning in OS X
Check the list of supported scanners for the model of scanner you are
about to connect to your Mac.
Use Software Update to automatically install third-party scanner /

printer software updates.
Connect a USB scanner to automatically create the scanner / print

queue.
You can share your USB connected scanner with other Macs on your
home network.
You can scan from various applications:
Image Capture
Preview
Print & Fax preferences in System Preferences
Scanner / Printer queue
Some third-party applications
Important: If your scanner driver supports control panel functions in OS X, pressing a

scan button on your device may not begin the scanning process. Use one of the above
applications to control the scanner.
See below for more details about these features.
Before you connect your scanner
Make sure the scanner is powered on and doesn't have any alerts
displayed in its control panel.
Make sure you know an administrator account name and password for
your Mac.
Connect the scanner
Simply connect your multi-function printer or scanner via a USB cable. If you multi-
function printer uses a Ethernet or wireless network, make sure it is configured to use
the same local network as your Mac. Next, choose Apple () > System Preferences
and then choose View > Print & Scan. Click the + (plus) icon below the Printers pane
on the left and select the printer you would like to add.
After you connect to your scanner, run Software Update to check for the latest third-
party printer / scanner software and updates.
Note: Refrain from installing the software that came with your scanner as it may be out
of date. OS X and Software Update contain the most recent versions of scanner
software. You will see future updates when they are made available via Software Update.
How to scan
Note: This article discusses scanning via the Image Capture application (located in the
Applications folder). Scanning with other applications such as Preview is a very similar
process.
Simplified scan mode
In the "simplified" scanner interface, follow these steps:
1. Place the item(s) you would like to scan on the scanner bed.
2. Open Image Capture by clicking Launchpad in the Dock and typing

Image Capture in the search field.
3. OS X Mountain Lion: If your scanner has a document feeder, you can

check "Use Document Feeder" to scan via the feeder instead of the
flatbed.
OS X Lion and earlier: If your scanner supports different modes, you
will see a "Mode:" pop-up menu in Image Capture. Modes may
include Flatbed, Transparency Positive, Transparency Negative, and
more.
4. OS X Mountain Lion: By default, Image Capture will scan to the

system's default page size such as "US Letter", and scan the whole
page. Click for other options such as "Detect Enclosing Box" or
"Detect Separate Items".
OS X Lion and earlier: Choose "Detect Separate Items" from the "Auto
selection" pop-up menu to have scanned objects automatically
selected and straightened. Each item will also be stored in a separate
file. Tip: Objects with high contrast edging will increase the accuracy
of auto-selection. "Detect Enclosing Box" from the "Auto selection"
pop-up menu to include all the items on the scanner bed in one
image.
5. Choose where to save the scanned images from the "Scan To:" pop-
up menu:
A folder of your choosing. A number of folders are already pre-

configured or choose "Other" to select the folder you want.
Mail application, to have each of your scanned images put into

its own email message.
6. Click "Scan" to scan.
Note: The scanned items will become JPEG images incrementally named: scan1.jpeg,
scan2.jpeg, and so forth.
Advanced scanning options
Click "Show Details" if you want to enter a detailed scan mode with more advanced
options. In the "Details" scanner interface you can manually select the following options:
1. If your scanner supports different modes, you will see a "Mode:"

pop-up menu. Modes can include: Flatbed, Transparency Positive,
Transparency Negative, and so forth.
2. The "Kind:" pop-up menu lets you select the kind of scan you
would like.
Choose "Color" to scan an object in color.
Choose "Black & White" to scan in an object in Grayscale (256

or Thousands of grays).
Choose "Text" to scan in text documents.
3. The "Resolution:" pop-up menu lets you select the dpi (dots per
inch) of your scanned imaged. Typically, 300 dpi is all that you
need. Too high of a resolution can result in printing performance
issues.
4. Select the Use Custom Size checkbox to enable the "Size:" fields
(if it's not already selected) to specify the width and height you
want to scan. Choose pixels, inches or cm (centimeters).
5. In the "Rotation Angle:" field, you can set the number of degrees
of clockwise rotation for your scanned image.
6. Choose one of the following from the "Auto selection" pop-up

menu:
"Detect Separate Items" to automatically select and

straighten the objects you are scanning. Tip: High contrast
object edging will increase the accuracy of auto-selection.
"Detect Enclosing Box" to include all the items on the scanner

bed in one image.
7. Use the "Scan To:" pop-up menu to select your "Scan To:"
destination. Your destinations can include:
A folder of your choosing. A number of folders are already

pre-configured or choose "Other" to select the folder you
want.

Mail application, to have each of your scanned images put
into its own email message.
8. The "Name:" field lets you enter the name of your scanned image
or images. For multiple scans, the name entered will be a part of
incrementally named scans. For example, scan1.jpeg, scan2.jpeg,
and so forth.
9. "Format:" Choose the image format of your scan: JPEG, TIFF,

PNG, JPEG 2000, or PDF.
10. "Image Correction:" If you select "Manual", you have the

following options with a histogram of the scan selection you click
on. The following options are available when the "Kind:" pop-up is
set to "Color."
"Brightness:"
"Tint:"
"Temperature:"
"Saturation:"
Tip: click "Restore Defaults" to reset settings.
11. After Image correction, you will see a number of scanner-specific

options that your particular scanner model supports.
Selecting areas to scan
If you want to select specific areas to scan (or if you unchecked "Detect Separate
Items"), follow these steps. Note: The "Scan" button is dimmed until a scan area is
selected.
1. Deselect all currently selected scan areas by clicking in an empty

area that is not yet selected (selected areas are outlined by a border
that has a line of dashes).
2. To specify the scanning area, click and drag to cover the area you
want to scan.
3. To resize a selection area, click within the border of the selected area.
Gray dots appear on the border. When your cursor hovers over a
handle, it will turn red. Click and drag the red handle to resize the
scan area. Tip: You can Shift-click another area to select more than
one.
4. If you want to delete the selection, press Delete.
5. If you want to rotate the selection, click the rotation handle just at
the end of the line that starts in the center of the selection. When
your cursor is near this handle, it turns red and a transparent image
of a person will appear within the area. Click the red handle and
adjust the rotation to your liking. Note: There may be a border
handle to resize your selection near this handle; make sure you click
on the correct handle.
6. To create a new selection area, simply click and drag in an area that
is not part of a selection.
How to share your USB-connected scanner on your network

2. From the View menu, choose Sharing.
3. Enable (check) "Scanner Sharing".
4. Select the connected scanner that you would like to share.
How to connect to a network shared scanner
Image Capture and Print & Scan
1. Open Image Capture or Print & Scan preferences.
2. Select the Scanner from the "SHARED" group in the sidebar.
Preview and other applications
1. Open Preview by clicking Launchpad in the Dock and typing Preview

in the search field.
2. First enable Networked devices. Choose File > Import from

Scanner > Include Networked Devices.
3. Select your scanner. Choose File > Import from Scanner > (your
scanner under "Network Devices").
If you are unable to scan
Verify the scanner has power and is turned on. Turn the scanner off and then back on
again.
Learn more about troubleshooting your printer / scanner connection.
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Mac Basics: Printing in OS X Mountain

Lion & OS X Lion
Learn about printing in OS X Mountain Lion and OS X
Lion.
Important
OS X Mountain Lion and OS X Lion systems will have the necessary

printing software already installed, or will automatically download and
install software when the printer is connected or configured. Do not
install software that came with the printer as it may be out of date,
and do not connect the printer to your Mac yet. Follow the
instructions that came with the printer to unpack, install ink or toner,
and insert paper. Finally, use the instructions in this article to connect
the printer to your Mac.
Make sure the printer model is listed in Printer and scanner software,
which is a comprehensive list of all printer models that have
compatible software for OS X Mountain Lion and OS X Lion.

Before adding a printer to your Mac, check the following:
Run Software Update to retrieve the latest information about printer

software provided to Apple by the printer vendors. Note: If you do not
run Software Update before attempting to connect a new printer, you
may see that software is not available.
issues such as a paper jam, low ink, or alerts displayed on its control
panel. Note: If the printer has an issue that can't be cleared, contact
the printer vendor for support.
If the printer is a Wi-Fi printer and it is connecting to a Wi-Fi network,

make sure it is properly connected to the Wi-Fi network first. The
printer may have to be connected to the Mac initially via USB. See
Overview on how to connect a Wi-Fi printer to your Wi-Fi network for
details.
Adding, managing, or removing print queues and software may

require an administrator account name and password--make sure you
know one for the Mac. Note: Any applications that are open before
adding a printer will need to be quit and re-opened, in order to see all
the features of the new printer.
Add a USB printer
Connect the USB printer to the Mac, and a print queue will be automatically created for
it. If the Mac already has current software for the printer, the print queue is created for
you in the background.
Tip: If software is needed, OS X Mountain Lion or OS X Lion will automatically prompt

you.
If prompted, follow the onscreen software install instructions to complete the process.
Add nearby printers
With OS X Mountain Lion and OS X Lion, you can quickly add a nearby printer. This
includes:
Nearby Wi-Fi printers or wired network-based printers that are on your

local network and support Bonjour.
A printer connected to the USB port of a Time Capsule or AirPort base

station on the home network.
A printer that is being shared by another Mac on the home network.
To add a nearby printer via the print sheet: Select the printer you want from the
"Printers:" pop-up menu.
Tip: If software is needed for the printer, OS X Mountain Lion or OS X Lion will
automatically prompt you.
Follow the onscreen instructions to complete the process.
Add a printer via the Print & Scan system preference pane
Choose Apple menu > System Preferences Then choose View > Print & Scan.
Note: If the Print & Scan lock icon is locked, click the lock icon and, when prompted
enter an administrator name and password to unlock it.
Click and hold the + (plus) icon below the Printers pane on the left and select the
"Nearby Printer" you would like to add.
If there are no "Nearby Printers" on the home network, select "Add Other Printer or
Scanner"
Tip: To directly open the "Add Printer" dialog box, click the plus (+) icon.
From the Add Printer toolbar there are these choices:
Default Used to get a list of all printers the Mac can see via USB,
Bonjour, and so forth. Select the printer and click "Add".
Tip: If there is a long list of printers, use the search field in the
top-right.
Fax Used to add a queue for a third party Fax device connected to
the Mac.
Note: Apple's USB Fax modem is not compatible with OS X Lion

or later. Contact a third party Fax vendor for support and to make
sure their product is compatible with the version of OS X that you
are using.
IP Used to add a network printer that does not use Bonjour and or is
on another network. Printers that support the Internet Printing
Protocol (IPP), Line Printer Daemon (LPD), and HP Jetdirect (Socket)
can be added in this manner. See How to connect to an IP-based
printer or AppleTalk printer via IP for details about how to connect an
IP based printer.
Windows Used to add a printer that is shared via the Windows

printer sharing protocol (CIFS/SMB). Tip: See File Sharing for details
about how to add a Mac to a Windows Workgroup. This is often
needed to see Windows printer shares.
Tip: Control click the toolbar and select "Customize Toolbar" to add the "Advanced"
tool. The "Advanced" tool is only needed for Enterprise environments.
Start a print job on the Mac and manage its options
To start a print job, choose File > Print from any application that can print or press
P (Command-P). This will display a print sheet.
Here is a sample basic print sheet showing standard details of the print job. Click "Hide
Details" if it appears to get this:
From the basic print sheet you have these options:
"Printer:" Choose the destination printer from the "Printer:" pop-up

menu.
Tip: Also access the "Add Printer" dialog box or Print & Scan
Preferences
If there is no printer added and if a Bonjour capable printer is

available on the home network, nearby printers will be shown to
add.
"Presets:" Choose the printer presets to apply to the print job.
Presets are pre-configured combinations of printer feature options.
Tip: Use "Show Presets" in the "Show Details" print sheet to

manage your presets.
"Copies" Number of copies the print job will make.
"Pages:" Choose "All", "Single" or "Range"
Preview of the print job. Note: App support for this feature is needed.
Tip: Use the arrows under the preview to review the print job.
"?" Show the print sheet Help Center content.
"PDF " Show the PDF workflow menu. See the below "PDF
Workflow" section below for details.
"Cancel" Cancel the print job.
"Print" Begin the print job. Once clicked, the print job will appear in
the printer queue.
Here is the expanded "Show Details" view of the print sheet. Click "Show Details" if it
appears to get this.
In addition to the details shown in the standard print sheet, there are these options:
"Paper Size:" Set the paper size for the print job.
Tip: Also manage custom paper size here.
"Orientation:" Choose portrait or landscape page orientations.
"Scale:" Scale the print job to a larger or smaller size.
Tip: The print preview will reflect scaling changes.
Application and Printer settings The contents of this pop-up menu

will depend on the printer and application used.
Tip: Want to save the settings for future print jobs? Use the
"Presets:" pop-up menu.
"Hide Details" Puts the print sheet into standard view mode.
Generate and manage PDFs
Preview the print job as a PDF or save it as a PDF file (with metadata).
Click the "PDF " button in any printer sheet, and the PDF workflow menu will drop
1. "Open PDF in Preview" - Generates a PDF of the print job and opens it
in the application Preview.
2. "Save as PDF" - Creates a PDF of the print job to a destination of

your choice with options to add metadata to the PDF (Title, Author,
Subject and Keywords). Metadata is useful when you use Spotlight.
Clicking "Security Options..." will open the PDF Security Options

dialog box, there are these options:
Require password to open document
Require password to copy text, images and other content
Require password to print document
3. "Save as PostScript" - Generates a PostScript file of your print job to

a destination of your choice.
4. "Fax PDF" - Generates a PDF of the print job and and sends it to your
fax device for transmission. Note: An OS X Mountain Lion or OS X
Lion compatible third-party fax device is needed.
5. "Mail PDF" - Generates a PDF of the print job is attached to a new

email document. Add email recipients and send it.
6. "Add PDF to iTunes" Generates a PDF of the print job will be added
to iTunes, where you can add it to iBooks.
7. "Save PDF to Web Receipts Folder" - Generates a PDF of the print job
8. "Edit menu" - Add / remove printing workflows. See Automator to

learn how to create new printing workflows.
Manage the printer queue and printer dock icon

Once a print job is started, the printer dock icon appears. Click the printer dock icon to
open the printer queue, which is a list of print jobs that are printing, on hold, or paused.
The print queue will also display messages sent from the printer; for example, "The
printer is not connected."
Control-clicking the icon will bring up the Dock menu for your printer queue, as shown.
Tags on the printer queue icon include:
Red tag with a number indicates the number of print jobs in your
printer queue, the above example is indicating two print jobs.
Green tag with a pause symbol indicates the printer queue has been
paused, as shown above. Note: There is no green icon when the
printer queue is resumed.
Yellow tag with a bolt icon indicates there is an issue with the printer;
for example, the printer is not currently connected to your Mac.
You can also open the print queue from the "Print & Scan" pane of System Preferences.
Here is a sample print queue:
From the printer queue you can perform the following:
Delete Delete print jobs
Hold / Resume Hold or resume print jobs
Job Info Click to see the printer options of the print job
Pause / Resume Pause or resume the printer queue
Supply Levels Click to see the supply levels of your printer; options
depend on the model of printer
Printer Setup Click to see options for naming your printer queue,
and other choices; the options depend on the model of printer
Printer / Scanner Present if you are connected to a Multi-Function

Printer. Alternate between the two buttons to switch from Printer
Queue to Scanner Tool. See this article for scanning details
Tip: Click on a print job to highlight it, then press the Spacebar to see
a Quick Look of your print job; alternatively, click the arrow beside the
job's name
Share the printer queue

To enable printer sharing, open the Sharing pane of System Preferences, then select the
Printer Sharing "On" checkbox found in the list of services on the left side.
Choose which print queue to share by selecting its check box in the middle "Printers:"
pane.
By default, the "Everyone" group can print to your shared Printer Queue. If you would
like to control access to your shared printer, click the + (plus) button below the Users
pane on the right. A users sheet will drop down; highlight one or more users or groups
"No Access".
Tip: If you want a Windows PC to use a Mac printer share to print, install Bonjour Print
Services for Windows.
About graphic resolutions for inkjet and laser printers
Edit large graphic(s) to use a resolution of 360 DPI. Note: 360 DPI is a good general
recommendation. Check the printer's documentation and printer manufacturer's website
for more information about the maximum resolution for printing graphics.
When printing graphics to a inkjet or laser printer, the graphic(s) resolution rarely needs
to be more than 360 DPI. If you send a higher-resolution graphic to your printer than is
needed, the image will be reduced to a resolution which your printer can handle. With a
very large image (2 GB or larger), you may see a "Print failed due to program error" alert
message and the print job will not work.
Reducing your graphics to the maximum resolution that your printer can print may also
improve printing performance, because your Mac will not have to pair down your graphic
resolution to match your printer.
If you want to calculate the byte size of your image, you can use these formulas:

Because inkjet and laser printers use a process called halftoning to approximate the
colors in your image, the maximum useful image resolution is typically 1/4 (one fourth)
the advertised resolution of your printer. For example, a printer that advertises a
resolution of 1440 DPI does not require graphics with more than a resolution of 360 DPI.
Halftoning approximates colors by printing a pattern of dots that, when viewed from a
distance, look like the original color. Modern printers use very small dots so you have to
look very closely to see them.
Example
The graphic below shows shades of cyan from white to full saturation. In the first graphic
pixel zoom we see no printer dots of cyan, which represents a graphic pixel of white. The
next graphic pixel zoom shows 25% of the printer dots having a cyan dot, making for a
graphic pixel of 25% cyan saturation. The halftone process adds more cyan dots until all
the dots are filled with cyan. A 8-by-8 matrix of printer dots will make 1 graphic pixel
capable of 64 shades of cyan. Note: Printer software will slightly randomize the location
of these dots to help smooth out gradients and so forth.
For more information
See this article for a comprehensive list of printer software for OS X

Mountian Lion & OS X Lion
See this article for troubleshooting printer connections
See this article for how to connect to an IP printer or AppleTalk printer

via IP
See this article for how to connect a Wi-Fi capable printer to your Wi-Fi
network
See this article for how to use and connect a scanner
See here for printer troubleshooting for AirPort Base Stations and
Time Capsule
See this for information about Bonjour
See this Microsoft page for information about Windows CIFS browse
protocol
See this Microsoft page for information about troubleshooting

Windows CIFS protocol
Third-party printer websites
Visit HP's website
Visit Canon's website
Visit Epson's website
Visit Brother's website
Visit Lexmark's website
Visit Samsung's website
Apple
Store
Mac
iPod
iPhone
iPad
iTunes
Support
Languages

Learn about printing in Mac OS X v10.6 Snow
Leopard, which is easier and better than ever.
Note: For information about printing in OS X Lion, please see this article instead.
Important: See this article for information about connecting a wireless-capable printer
to your wireless network.
Here's a quick summary of what's new for printing in Snow Leopard (read below for more
details):
Apple's Software Update will automatically provide you with third-

party printer software and updates.
"Nearby Printers" is a list of available printers that will appear right

inside your printer dialog box. Adding a nearby printer is just a
selection away.
You can simply connect a USB printer and the print queue will be
automatically created.
You can create a PDF document from any application and have an
automated workflow process it.
Before you connect your printer
Run Software Update to check for the latest third-party printer

software and updates.
issues such as a paper jam or low ink.
Adding, managing, or removing print queues may require an

administrator account name and password--make sure you know one
for your Mac.
If you are upgrading from Mac OS X v10.5, see "Upgrading Print

Queues..." in the additional information section below.
To add a USB printer
Mac OS X v10.6 comes with software for many third-party printers, so simply connect a
USB printer and the print queue will be automatically created. If you do not see your
printer in the "Printer:" pop-up menu after connecting it, go to the "To add a printer via
the Print & Fax preference pane" section below.
To add "Nearby Printers"
With Mac OS X v10.6 you can quickly add a "Nearby Printer"--a nearby printer is a
printer connected to the USB port on a Time Capsule or AirPort base station, a network
capable printer that supports Bonjour, or a printer being shared by another Mac. Snow
Leopard uses Bonjour technology to find nearby printers.
To add a Nearby Printer, all you have to do is select the Nearby printer you want from
the "Printer:" pop-up menu:
Snow Leopard will automatically create the Print Queue.
Note: Mac OS X v10.6 comes with software for many third-party printers. If an additional
or updated printer software is available, Software Update will offer it to you. For more
information about supported printers see this article. You can also visit the printer
vendor's website for printer software, or contact them for technical support.
To add a printer via the Print & Fax preferences pane
Control-click the System Preferences icon in your Dock and choose "Print & Fax" from the
Dock menu. If the Print & Fax lock icon appears locked, click the lock icon and enter an
administrator name and password when prompted. Click the + (plus) icon below the
Printers pane on the left to open the Add Printer application.
From the Add Printer toolbar you have these default tools:
1. Default - Used to get a list of all printers that your Mac can see via
USB, Bonjour, and so forth. Tip: If you have a long list of printers, use
the search field to find the printer you are looking for. Just click the
printer in the list that you would like to add and Snow Leopard will
add the printer driver for you.
Mac OS X v10.6 comes with software for many third-party

printers. If an additional or updated printer software is available,
Software Update will offer it to you. If you do not see your printer
listed in the "Print Using:" pop-up menu or a Generic printer
driver is selected, then the printing software may not be
available from Apple. For more information about supported
printers see this article. You can also visit the printer vendor's
website for printer software, or contact them for technical
support.
Once the driver is set, click the "Add" button to create your Print
Queue.
2. Fax - Used to add a queue for the Fax device connected to your Mac.
3. IP - Used to add your printer network printers that don't use Bonjour
or are on a different network subnet from your computer. Printers
that support the Internet Printing Protocol (IPP), Line Printer Daemon
(LPD), and HP Jetdirect (Socket) can be added in this manner. See
your printer's manual or support documentation for information
about how to setup the printer to use an IP-based printing protocol.
4. Windows- Used to add your printer being shared via the Windows
printer sharing protocol (CIFS). Tip: See Mac 101: File Sharing for
details about how to add your Mac to a Windows Workgroup. This is
often needed to see Windows printer shares.
Note: Any applications that are open before you add a printer will need to be quit and
re-opened, in order to see all the features of the new printer.
How to print
You can choose Print... from the File menu, or press Command-P, to print something. A
printing dialog sheet such as this will appear:
Simply click Print, or press Return, and the print job will begin.
Printing options
From the "Printer:" pop-up menu as shown above, there are the options to select or add
the printer you want to print to. From the "Presets:" pop-up menu, you can select or save
a preset of printer options. There is the PDF workflow menu (see PDF section below for
details). You can also click the "Preview" button to preview the print out.
For more options, click the blue disclosure button (just to the right of the "Printer:" pop-
up menu). The print dialog sheet will expand:
Here you can see a live preview of your print job. You can set the number of copies,
select a range of pages, set your paper size, set orientation to portrait or landscape,
scale the print job and choose application / printer options from the application pop-up
menu (called "Safari" in this example).
Once you have selected the various printer options you like, from the "Preset:" pop-up
menu you can select "Save As..." to save those options as a printer preset. You will be
given an option to have the preset available for all printers or just for your current
printer. In future print jobs you can enable all of those options with the single step of
selecting your saved preset from the "Preset:" pop-up menu. You can create as many of
these presets as you like. Also from the "Preset:" pop-up menu you also have the options
to rename or delete the selected printer preset.
PDF
You can preview your print job as a PDF, or even save it as a PDF file (with metadata if
you wish).
Click the "PDF " button in any printer dialog box and the PDF workflow menu will drop
1. Open PDF in Preview - A generated PDF of your print job will be

opened in the application Preview.
2. Save as PDF... - Creates a PDF of your print job to a destination of
your choice. With options to add meta data to the PDF (Title, Author,
Subject and Keywords). This meta data can be a big help when you
use Spotlight.
Clicking "Security Options..." button will open the PDF Security

Options dialog box. Where you will have these options:
a. Require password to open document
b. Require password to copy text, images and other content
c. Require password to print document
3. Save as PostScript... - Generates a PostScript file of your print job to a

destination of your choice.
4. Fax PDF - A generated PDF of your print job is sent to your Fax device
for transmission.
5. Mail PDF - A generated PDF of your print job is attached to a new

email document. All you have to do is add recipients and send it.
6. Save as PDF-X - Generates a PDF-X of your print job to a destination

of your choice. PDF-X files follow a series of printing related
requirements not found in standard PDFs, and are used by
professional print shops.
7. Save PDF to iPhoto - A generated PDF of your print job will be

imported into iPhoto.
8. Save PDF to Web Receipts Folder - A generated PDF of your print job
9. Edit menu... - Let you add / remove printing Workflows. See

Automator on how to create new printing workflows.
The print queue and Dock printer icon

When you start a print job, you will see your printer icon appear in your Dock. Click the
Printer icon to open the print queue, which is a list of print jobs that are printing, on
hold, or paused. The print queue will also display messages sent from the printer.
You can alternatively open the print queue from the Print & Fax pane of System
Preferences.
In the Print Queue toolbar you have these buttons:
1. Delete - Deletes the selected print job.
2. Hold / Resume - Will hold / resume the selected print job.
3. Job Info - Shows details of the selected print job, such as job name,
status, Completed, Job Message, and so forth.
4. Pause / Resume Printer - To Pause / Resume the Print Queue.
5. Supply Levels - Will drop down the Supply Levels sheet showing you
the levels of ink / toner your printer has.
6. Printer Setup - Lets you configure the printer's name and location
details.
7. Printer - Sets the Print Queue window into Printer mode.
8. Scanner - Visible if you have a multi-function printer connected via

USB. Click it to set the Print Queue into Scanner mode.
You can see what your print job looks like with Quick Look. Click the arrow on the print
job just to the left of the Status column or select the print job and press the Spacebar.
From the Print Queue menu bar, the "Printer" menu has these additional options:
1. Customize Toolbar... - Used to add and remove item from the Print
Queue's toolbar.
2. Make Default - Will set the printer pertaining to this Print Queue your
default printer.
3. Print Test Page - Will send the CUPS Printer Test Page to your printer.
4. Network Diagnostics - Will bring up the Network Diagnostics

application, used to check each layer of your network connection.
5. Log & History - Used to open the Console application and show you
the log entries for your current and past print jobs.
6. Show Printer List - Will open the Print & Fax System Preference
showing you the list of Print Queues.
From the Print Queue menu bar, the "Jobs" menu has these additional options:
1. Show / Hide Completed Jobs - Will alternate Show / Hide in the Print
Queue all completed printer jobs and completed functions, like
checking the supply levels of your printer.
2. Show Everyone's / My jobs - Will alternate showing Everyone's / My

print jobs.
You can control-click (or right-click) your printer icon in the Dock for this convenient
menu:
From the Dock menu you can see your printer's status, toggle Pause and Resume Printer,
Auto Quit (once print job completes) on / off, and from the Options sub-menu you can
toggle Keep in Dock on / off.
Print & Fax System Preferences and printer status
To open, control click or right click the System Preference Dock icon and select Print &
Fax from the Dock menu.
The "Printers" pane on the left side, shows you your list of Print Queues and their status.
A green dot indicates no issues. A yellow dot indicates a minor issue, such as it's out of
paper. A red dot indicates a significant issue, such as the printer is offline.
Clicking "Options & Supplies..." produces a sheet with these tabs:
1. General - You can name your printer and enter location details. You
can also see Queue Name, Driver Version and URL.
2. Driver - You can assign the printer driver to your print queue and if
present, driver options.
3. Supply Levels - Show the level of ink / toner that your printer has.
4. Utility - If present, opens the printer utility supplied by the printer

vendor.
Check "Share this printer on the network" will enable your print queue to be shared.
Note: If Printer Sharing is not enabled, you will be notified that Printer Sharing is off and
see this icon: . See below for more printer sharing information.
Troubleshooting steps you can use if there is an issue
Default printer menu
Last Printer Used - Mac OS X will automatically set the default printer to the last printer
and preset used from the network you are connected to. This makes for a seamless
default printer selection when you move from your home to your office, for example.
Or, you can select a specific printer to set as your default printer, regardless of the
network you are connected to.
Default paper size menu
The default is set based on the "Region" you choose in the Formats tab of the Language
& Text preference pane. You can also choose your default paper size from a list that is
based on your printer capabilities. |
Print Sharing
Control-click or right-click the System Preference Dock icon and select Sharing from the
Dock menu.
To enable printer sharing, simply check the Printer Sharing checkbox found in the
Service list pane on the left.
You can choose which print queue to share by selecting its check box in the middle
Printers: pane.
By default, Any user (Everyone group) can print to your shared Print Queue. If you would
like to control access to your printer share, click the + (plus) button below the Users
pane on the right. A users sheet will drop down, highlight one or more users or groups
"No Access".
Printer status
Mac OS X v10.6 Snow Leopard makes it easier than ever to see the status of your
printers; you can even see your status in the Printer dialog box. Open the Print Queue to
see details, such as messages sent from the printer.
With the printer online and ready to print, your printer dialog box and printer Dock icon
will have no numbers or symbols, and the Dock menu of the printer icon will show a
Status of "Printer Ready".
When your printer is online and processing a print job, the Print Queue Dock icon will
display a red number that represents the number of jobs in the queue.
You can pause your print queue to suspend print jobs. When you do this, your printer
dialog box will display an alert icon (!), and the printer's Dock icon will display a green
pause icon.
If there is a message from your printer, the dialog will show an alert icon (!), and you will
see a yellow message icon on your Dock. Click your printer's Dock icon to see the printer
message.
If your USB printer is disconnected or powered off, your printer dialog box will display an
offline icon, and the printer's Dock icon will display a yellow offline tag.
If your printer has other issues, your printer dialog box will display an alert icon (!) and
the printer's Dock icon will display a red alert icon. If you are unable to resolve the
printer's issue, please contact the vendor of the printer for technical support or visit the
vendor's web site.
To delete a Print Queue
1. Click the print queue you would like to remove from the list in the
"Printers" pane.
2. Click the - (minus) button below the "Printers" pane.
3. Click "Delete Printer" in the "Are you sure..." confirmation sheet.
To reset the printing system (if necessary)
1. Control-click or right-click a print queue in the "Printers" pane.
2. Choose "Reset printing system..." from the contextual menu.
3. Click "OK" in the "Are you sure..." confirmation sheet.
AppleTalk-based printers
AppleTalk is a protocol that is not supported in Mac OS X v10.6. Many network printers
have support for IP-based printing protocols that can be used instead of AppleTalk.
Please see the "To add a printer via the Print & Fax preferences pane" section for
information about how to add a printer using IP. Or, visit your printer vendor's website or
contact your printer vendor for technical support.
If your printer can only use the AppleTalk protocol, the printer can be used if it is
connected to, and shared by, an appropriate AppleTalk-capable printer server. Snow
Leopard can then use that print share to print via a supported IP-based protocol. See the
"How to add a printer" section above for details about how to connect to a shared printer
to your Snow Leopard-based Mac.
Upgrading print queues from Mac OS X v10.5 Leopard
When you update from Mac OS X v10.5 to Mac OS X v10.6, Mac OS X v10.6 will replace
all printer software and recreate print queues for any printer from these printer vendors:
HP, Canon, Epson, Brother, Lexmark, Samsung, Xerox, FujiXerox, Ricoh (includes
Gestetner, Infotec, Lanier, NRG, Savin)
If you have a printer that is not from one of these vendors, Mac OS X v10.6 will migrate
your printer queue from Mac OS X v10.5 when you upgrade.
If the print queue that you migrated from Mac OS X v10.5 has an issue, try these steps
1. Ensure the printer is connected, has power, has ink / toner, paper,
and no alerts on its built-in display.
2. Network based printers should be on the same subnet; you shouldn't

have to worry about this if your printer is on your home network.
3. Use Software Update for the latest available updates.
4. Delete the affected printer from Printer & Fax System Preferences,
then re-add the printer.
If you still have an issue, try these extra steps:
5. Reset the printing system (see above). Then, add the printer again.
6. If the issue persists, reset the printing system (see above). Download
and install printer drivers from here. Then, add the printer again.
7. If the issue still persists, contact the printer vendor and/or visit their
website for printer software and support.
Links
Click here for a list of Mac OS X v10.6 Snow Leopard printer drivers
Click here for information about troubleshooting printing issues in Mac

OS X
Click here for Printer troubleshooting for AirPort Base Stations and
Time Capsule
Click here for information about Bonjour
Click here for information about Windows CIFS browse protocol
Click here for information about troubleshooting Windows CIFS

protocol
Click here for HP's web site
Click here for Canon's web site
Click here for Epson's web site
Click here for Brother's web site
Click here for LexMark's web site
Click here for Samsung's web site
Apple
Store
Mac
iPod
iPhone
iPad
iTunes
Support
Languages
Printer and scanner software available

for download
Learn about which printer and scanner models are
supported, and what third-party vendor software is
available for download using Software Update.
Apple delivers third-party software for scanners and printers via Software Update.
Simply connect the printer or scanner to the Mac. If software is needed and available, OS
X will automatically download and install it.
This article is a comprehensive list of currently supported printer and scanner models
and associated software provided by third-party vendors as of 8 August 2013.
Important: Run Software Update before connecting a printer or scanner. This will
update your Mac's database of the latest supported printer and scanner models. Note: If
you do not run Software Update before attempting to connect a new printer, you may
see that software is not available.
To view the complete list of printers and scanners that are supplied by Software Update,
see below or use the browser's Find feature to look for a specific name or model number.
If you cannot find software for the specific model, check the list to see if it is available
for a series of printers that may include the model. For example, a printer with the
model number 5070 might use the software for the "5000" or "5000 Series."
For more information about setting up and using printers in OS X

Mountain Lion or OS X Lion, see this article.
For more information about setting up and using printers in Mac OS X

v10.6 Snow Leopard, see this article.
For information about troubleshooting printer setup issues, see this

article.
For information about how to connect a Wi-Fi capable printer to a Wi-

Fi network, see this article. Note: You will need to add the Wi-Fi
printer to your Wi-Fi network before adding the printer to your Mac.
List of printer and scanner software available for OS X
* = Vendor software recently updated.

+ = Vendor software recently added.
Note: This list is subject to change without notice. This list will be updated as new
printer or scanner software becomes available or when a vendor discontinues support
for a printer or scanner model. It is possible that Software Update will display software
newer than what is listed in this article for a short period of time after each update
becomes available.
Apple
Company website
Software available
Brother
Company website
Software available
Canon
Company website
Software available
EPSON
Company website
Software available
Fuji-Xerox (FX)
Company website
Software available
Gestetner (Ricoh)
Company website
Software available
Hewlett-Packard (HP)
Company website
Software available
InfoPrint (Ricoh)
Company website
Software available
Infotec (Ricoh)
Company website
Software available
Lanier (Ricoh)
Company website
Software available
Lexmark
Company website
Software available
NRG (Ricoh)
Company website
Software available
Ricoh
Company website
Software available
Samsung
Company website
Software available
Savin (Ricoh)
Company website
Software available
Xerox
Company website
Software available
Click here if the printer or scanner model is not listed below

Apple software
Model Version Print Scan Fax
Apple Color LaserWriter 12/600 PS v2014.108 4.1 P
Apple Color LaserWriter 12/600 PS-J v2014.108 4.1 P
Apple Color LaserWriter 12/660 PS v2014.108 1.1 P
Apple LaserWriter 12/640 PS v2015.105 1.1 P
Apple LaserWriter 16/600 PS Fax v2014.106 4.1 P
Apple LaserWriter 16/600 PS v2014.106 4.1 P
Apple LaserWriter 16/600 PS-J v2014.106 4.1 P
Apple LaserWriter 8500 v3010.103 1.0 P
Apple LaserWriter Pro 810 4.1 P
Apple LaserWriter Pro 810 with Fax Card 4.1 P
AppleTalk note: AppleTalk is a protocol that is not supported in Mac OS X v10.6 or later.
Many network printers have support for IP-based printing protocols that can be used
instead of AppleTalk. If the printer can only use the AppleTalk protocol, the printer must
be connected to, and then shared by, an appropriate AppleTalk-capable printer server, or
shared from a Mac OS X v10.5-based Mac. For more details, see this article.
Brother software
Brother DCP-1000 * 4.5.0 P
Brother DCP-1000J * 4.5.0 P

Brother DCP-110C * 4.5.0 P S

Brother DCP-310CN * 4.5.0 P S
Brother DCP-340CW * 4.5.0 P S

Brother DCP-7010 * 4.5.0 P S
Brother DCP-7045N * 4.5.0 P S
Brother DCP-7055W * 4.5.0 P S
Brother DCP-7057W * 4.5.0 P S
Brother DCP-7060D * 4.5.0 P S
Brother DCP-7065DN * 4.5.0 P S
Brother DCP-7070DW * 4.5.0 P S

Brother DCP-8020 BR-Script3 * 4.5.0 P
Brother DCP-8025D * 4.5.0 P
Brother DCP-8025D BR-Script3 * 4.5.0 P
Brother DCP-8025J * 4.5.0 P
Brother DCP-8040 BR-Script3 * 4.5.0 P
Brother DCP-8045D * 4.5.0 P
Brother DCP-8045D BR-Script3 * 4.5.0 P

Brother DCP-9042CDN * 4.5.0 P S
Brother DCP-J125 * 4.5.0 P S
Brother DCP-J140W * 4.5.0 P S
Brother DCP-J4110DW + 4.5.0 P S
Brother DCP-J4210N + 4.5.0 P S
Brother DCP-J515N * 4.5.0 P S

Brother DCP-J725DW * 4.5.0 P S
Brother DCP-J925DW * 4.5.0 P S
Brother FAX-1800C * 4.5.0 P F
Brother FAX-1920CN * 4.5.0 P F

Brother FAX-1940CN * 4.5.0 P F
Brother FAX-2810 * 4.5.0 P F
Brother FAX-2810N * 4.5.0 P F

Brother FAX-4750e * 4.5.0 P F
Brother FAX-5750e * 4.5.0 P F
Brother FAX-7860DW * 4.5.0 P S F
Brother FAX-8750P * 4.5.0 P F
Brother FAX5750 * 4.5.0 P F
Brother HL-1240 series * 4.5.0 P
Brother HL-1270N series * 4.5.0 P
Brother HL-1650/1670N series * 4.5.0 P
Brother HL-1850/1870N series * 4.5.0 P

Brother HL-2170W series * 4.5.0 P
Brother HL-2240D series * 4.5.0 P
Brother HL-2250DN series * 4.5.0 P
Brother HL-2270DW series * 4.5.0 P
Brother HL-2280DW * 4.5.0 P
Brother HL-2600CN BR-Script3 * 4.5.0 P
Brother HL-3040CN series * 4.5.0 P

Brother HL-3070CW series * 4.5.0 P
Brother HL-3075CW series * 4.5.0 P
Brother HL-3260N BR-Script3 * 4.5.0 P
Brother HL-4000CN PS * 4.5.0 P
Brother HL-4040CDN series * 4.5.0 P
Brother HL-4070CDW series * 4.5.0 P
Brother HL-4200CN PS * 4.5.0 P
Brother HL-4570CDW series * 4.5.0 P
Brother HL-5070DN BR-Script3 * 4.5.0 P

Brother HL-5170DN BR-Script3 * 4.5.0 P
Brother HL-6050 BR-Script3 * 4.5.0 P

Brother HL-6050D/DN BR-Script3 * 4.5.0 P
Brother HL-6050D/DN series * 4.5.0 P
Brother HL-6050DN BR-Script3J * 4.5.0 P
Brother HL-7050 BR-Script3 * 4.5.0 P
Brother HL-P2500 series * 4.5.0 P
Brother HL-S7000DN series + 4.5.0 P
Brother MFC-100 * 4.5.0 P S F
Brother MFC-150CL * 4.5.0 P S F
Brother MFC-210C * 4.5.0 P S F
Brother MFC-253CW * 4.5.0 P S F

Brother MFC-295CN * 4.5.0 P S F
Brother MFC-3100C * 4.5.0 P F
Brother MFC-3320CN * 4.5.0 P F
Brother MFC-3340CN * 4.5.0 P F
Brother MFC-3420J * 4.5.0 P F
Brother MFC-3820JN * 4.5.0 P S F

Brother MFC-4800 * 4.5.0 P F

Brother MFC-610CLN * 4.5.0 P S F
Brother MFC-615CL * 4.5.0 P S F
Brother MFC-630CD * 4.5.0 P S F

Brother MFC-6890CDW * 4.5.0 P S F
Brother MFC-695CDN * 4.5.0 P S F
Brother MFC-7225N * 4.5.0 P F
Brother MFC-7345N * 4.5.0 P S F

Brother MFC-7460DN * 4.5.0 P S F
Brother MFC-7470D * 4.5.0 P S F
Brother MFC-7840W * 4.5.0 P S F
Brother MFC-7860DW * 4.5.0 P S F
Brother MFC-8220 BR-Script3 * 4.5.0 P
Brother MFC-8300 * 4.5.0 P
Brother MFC-8300J * 4.5.0 P


Brother MFC-8640D BR-Script3 * 4.5.0 P
Brother MFC-8820J * 4.5.0 P S F

Brother MFC-8890DW * 4.5.0 P S

Brother MFC-9600J * 4.5.0 P

Brother MFC-J220 * 4.5.0 P S F
Brother MFC-J2310 + 4.5.0 P S F
Brother MFC-J2510 + 4.5.0 P S F
Brother MFC-J265W * 4.5.0 P S F
Brother MFC-J410 * 4.5.0 P S F
Brother MFC-J4310DW + 4.5.0 P S F

Brother MFC-J4510N + 4.5.0 P S F
Brother MFC-J4810DN + 4.5.0 P S F
Brother MFC-J4910CDW + 4.5.0 P S F
Brother MFC-J5910CDW * 4.5.0 P S F
Brother MFC-J5910DW * 4.5.0 P S F
Brother MFC-J615N * 4.5.0 P S F

Brother MFC-J700D * 4.5.0 P S F
Brother MFC-J810DN * 4.5.0 P S F

Brother MFC-P2500 series * 4.5.0 P F
Brother MFC3320CN * 4.5.0 P F
Brother MFC3340CN * 4.5.0 P S F
Brother PT-18NR * 3.0.8 P
Brother PT-24 * 3.0.8 P
Brother PT-9500PC * 3.0.8 P
Brother PT-9700PC * 3.0.8 P
Brother PT-9800PCN * 3.0.8 P
Brother QL-1050 * 3.0.9 P
Brother QL-1060N * 3.0.9 P

Brother QL-580N * 3.0.9 P
Brother QL-650TD * 3.0.9 P
Brother QL-710W * 3.0.2 P
Brother QL-720NW * 3.0.2 P
Canon Inkjet software
Canon CanoScan 5600F * 1.11.0 S
Canon CanoScan 9000F mkII + 2.3.0 S
Canon CanoScan 9000F * 1.11.0 S
Canon CanoScan LiDE 100 * 1.11.0 S
Canon CanoScan LiDE 700F * 1.11.0 S
Canon E500 series * 10.72.1.0 P S
Canon E510 series * 10.72.1.0 P S
Canon E600 series * 10.72.1.0 P

Canon E610 series + 10.72.1.0 P S
Canon iP100 series * 10.72.1.0 P
Canon iP1300 * 10.72.1.0 P
Canon iP4300 * 10.72.1.0 P
Canon iP6700D * 10.72.1.0 P

Canon iP90 * 10.72.1.0 P
Canon iX4000 * 10.72.1.0 P
Canon iX5000 * 10.72.1.0 P
Canon iX6500 series * 10.72.1.0 P
Canon iX7000 series * 10.72.1.0 P
Canon MG2100 series * 10.72.1.0 P S

Canon mini320 series * 10.72.1.0 P
Canon mini360 series * 10.72.1.0 P
Canon MP140 series * 10.72.1.0 P
Canon MP180 * 10.72.1.0 P
Canon MP190 series * 10.72.1.0 P S
Canon MP460 * 10.72.1.0 P

Canon MP510 * 10.72.1.0 P
Canon MP530 * 10.72.1.0 P
Canon MP600R * 10.72.1.0 P
Canon MP830 * 10.72.1.0 P
Canon MX300 series * 10.72.1.0 P S

Canon MX390 series + 10.72.1.0 P S

Canon PRO-1 series * 10.72.1.0 P
Canon Pro9000 * 10.72.1.0 P
Canon Pro9000II series * 10.72.1.0 P
Canon Pro9500 series * 10.72.1.0 P
Canon Pro9500II series * 10.72.1.0 P
Canon Laser software
Canon MF8200C Series 10.0.0 P
Canon MF8200C Series FAX 4.0.0 F
Canon MF8500C Series 10.0.0 P
Canon MF8500C Series FAX 4.0.0 F
EPSON software

EPSON AL-2600 5.5 P
EPSON AL-C1000 5.5 P
EPSON AL-C900 5.5 P

EPSON AL-CX11 5.5 P S
EPSON AL-CX21 5.5 P S
EPSON AL-M1200 5.5 P
EPSON Artisan 1430 9.00 P
EPSON Artisan 50 9.00 P
EPSON Artisan 630 9.00 P S
EPSON Artisan 800 9.00 P S F

EPSON B-300 9.00 P
EPSON B-308 9.00 P
EPSON B-310N 9.00 P
EPSON B-318N 9.00 P
EPSON B-500DN 9.00 P
EPSON CC-500L 9.00 P S
EPSON CC-600PX 9.00 P S
EPSON CC-700 9.00 P S
EPSON CL-760 9.00 P
EPSON E-100 9.00 P
EPSON E-150 9.00 P
EPSON E-200 9.00 P
EPSON E-300 9.00 P

EPSON E-330 9.00 P
EPSON E-330S 9.00 P
EPSON E-340 9.00 P
EPSON E-350 9.00 P
EPSON E-360 Series 9.04 P
EPSON E-500 9.00 P
EPSON E-520 9.00 P
EPSON E-530 9.00 P
EPSON E-600 9.00 P
EPSON E-700 9.00 P
EPSON E-720 9.00 P
EPSON E-800 9.00 P
EPSON E-810 9.00 P
EPSON E-820 9.00 P
EPSON E-830 Series 9.04 P
EPSON EP-301 9.00 P
EPSON EP-302 9.00 P
EPSON EP-4004 9.00 P
EPSON EP-702A 9.00 P S

EPSON EP-705A Series 9.04 P S
EPSON EP-901F 9.00 P S F
EPSON EP-905F Series 9.11 P S

EPSON EPL-1220 5.5 P
EPSON EPL-5700i 5.5 P
EPSON EPL-5700L 5.5 P
EPSON ES-10000G * 5.6.0 S
EPSON ES-2000 * 5.6.0 S
EPSON ES-2200 * 5.6.0 S
EPSON ES-6000H * 5.6.0 S
EPSON ES-6000HS * 5.6.0 S
EPSON ES-7000H * 5.6.0 S

EPSON ES-8500 * 5.6.0 S
EPSON ES-D200 * 5.6.0 S
EPSON ES-D350 * 5.6.0 S
EPSON ES-D400 * 5.6.0 S
EPSON ES-H300 * 5.6.0 S
EPSON ES-H7200 * 5.6.0 S
EPSON Expression 10000XL * 5.6.0 S
EPSON Expression 1600 * 5.6.0 S
EPSON Expression 1640XL * 5.6.0 S
EPSON FAX * 1.60 F
EPSON FAX A3 * 1.60 F
EPSON F-3200 * 5.6.0 S
EPSON GT-10000 plus * 5.6.0 S
EPSON GT-1500 * 5.6.0 S
EPSON GT-15000 * 5.6.0 S
EPSON GT-20000 * 5.6.0 S
EPSON GT-2500 * 5.6.0 S

EPSON GT-6600 * 5.6.0 S
EPSON GT-6700 * 5.6.0 S
EPSON GT-7200 * 5.6.0 S
EPSON GT-7300 * 5.6.0 S
EPSON GT-7600 * 5.6.0 S
EPSON GT-7700 * 5.6.0 S
EPSON GT-8200 * 5.6.0 S
EPSON GT-8300 * 5.6.0 S
EPSON GT-8400 * 5.6.0 S
EPSON GT-8700 * 5.6.0 S
EPSON GT-9300 * 5.6.0 S
EPSON GT-9300 * 5.6.0 S
EPSON GT-9400 * 5.6.0 S
EPSON GT-9500 * 5.6.0 S
EPSON GT-9700 * 5.6.0 S
EPSON GT-9800 * 5.6.0 S
EPSON GT-D1000 * 5.6.0 S
EPSON GT-F500 * 5.6.0 S
EPSON GT-F520 * 5.6.0 S

EPSON GT-F550 * 5.6.0 S
EPSON GT-F570 * 5.6.0 S
EPSON GT-F600 * 5.6.0 S
EPSON GT-F670 * 5.6.0 S
EPSON GT-F700 * 5.6.0 S
EPSON GT-S50 * 5.6.0 S
EPSON GT-S600/F650 * 5.6.0 S
EPSON GT-S620/F720 * 5.6.0 S
EPSON GT-S630/F730 * 5.6.0 S
EPSON GT-S640/F740 * 5.6.0 S
EPSON GT-X700 * 5.6.0 S
EPSON GT-X750 * 5.6.0 S
EPSON GT-X770 * 5.6.0 S
EPSON GT-X800 * 5.6.0 S
EPSON GT-X820 * 5.6.0 S
EPSON GT-X900 * 5.6.0 S

EPSON GT-X970 * 5.6.0 S
EPSON K100 9.00 P
EPSON K101 9.00 P
EPSON K200 9.00 P S
EPSON K201 9.00 P S
EPSON K300 9.00 P S
EPSON K301 9.00 P S
EPSON L100 9.00 P
EPSON L110 Series 9.04 P
EPSON L200 9.00 P
EPSON L800 9.04 P
EPSON LP-1200 5.5 P
EPSON LP-1300 5.5 P

EPSON LP-1400 5.5 P
EPSON LP-1500C 5.5 P
EPSON LP-1900 5.5 P
EPSON LP-2200 5.5 P
EPSON LP-2400 5.5 P
EPSON LP-2500 5.5 P
EPSON LP-6100 5.5 P
EPSON LP-7100 5.5 P
EPSON LP-7500 5.5 P
EPSON LP-7700 5.5 P
EPSON LP-7900 5.5 P
EPSON LP-8100 5.5 P

EPSON LP-8700 5.5 P
EPSON LP-8700PS3 5.5 P
EPSON LP-8900 5.5 P
EPSON LP-900 5.5 P
EPSON LP-9000B 5.5 P
EPSON LP-9100 5.5 P
EPSON LP-9200B 5.5 P
EPSON LP-9300 5.5 P
EPSON LP-9400 5.5 P
EPSON LP-9600S 5.5 P
EPSON LP-A500 5.5 P S
EPSON LP-M5000 5.5 P S

EPSON LP-S100 5.5 P
EPSON LP-S1100 5.5 P
EPSON LP-S210 5.5 P
EPSON LP-S300 5.5 P
EPSON LP-S310 5.5 P
EPSON LP-S340 6.0 P
EPSON LP-S440 6.0 P

EPSON LP-V1000 5.5 P
EPSON LP-V500 5.5 P
EPSON M100 Series 9.05 P
EPSON M105 Series 9.05 P
EPSON M200 Series 9.05 P S
EPSON M205 Series 9.05 P S
EPSON ME 200 9.00 P S
EPSON ME 30 9.00 P
EPSON ME 32 9.00 P

EPSON ME 33 9.00 P
EPSON ME 35 9.00 P
EPSON ME Office 1100 9.00 P
EPSON ME Office 510 9.00 P S
EPSON ME Office 560W 9.00 P S
EPSON ME Office 600F 9.00 P S
EPSON ME Office 620F 9.00 P S
EPSON ME Office 650FN 9.00 P S
EPSON ME Office 70 9.00 P
EPSON ME Office 700FW 9.00 P S
EPSON ME Office 80W 9.00 P
EPSON ME Office 82WD 9.00 P
EPSON ME Office 85ND 9.00 P

EPSON ME Office 900WD 9.00 P S
EPSON ME Office 940FW 9.00 P S
EPSON ME Office 960FWD 9.00 P S
EPSON ME PHOTO 20 9.00 P
EPSON ME-10 Series 9.04 P
EPSON NX130 TX130 9.00 P
EPSON Offirio PX-B300 9.00 P
EPSON Offirio PX-B500 9.00 P
EPSON Perfection 1200 * 5.6.0 S

EPSON Perfection V100 * 5.6.0 S

EPSON Perfection V30/V300 * 5.6.0 S
EPSON PictureMate 9.00 P
EPSON PictureMate 100 9.00 P
EPSON PictureMate Deluxe 9.00 P
EPSON PictureMate PM 200 9.00 P

EPSON PM-2200C 9.00 P
EPSON PM-4000PX 9.00 P
EPSON PM-740DU 9.00 P
EPSON PM-860PT 9.00 P

EPSON PM-A700 9.00 P S
EPSON PM-A840S 9.00 P S
EPSON PM-D1000 9.00 P

EPSON PM-G4500 9.00 P
EPSON PM-T960 9.00 P S
EPSON PM-T990 9.00 P S
EPSON PX-045A Series 9.04 P S
EPSON PX-1001 9.00 P
EPSON PX-101 9.00 P
EPSON PX-105 Series 9.04 P

EPSON PX-1600F 9.04 P S F
EPSON PX-201 9.00 P
EPSON PX-203 9.00 P
EPSON PX-204 9.00 P
EPSON PX-205 Series 9.04 P
EPSON PX-401A 9.00 P S
EPSON PX-505F Series 9.04 P S
EPSON PX-535F Series 9.04 P S

EPSON PX-5V 9.00 P
EPSON PX-601F 9.00 P S
EPSON PX-605F Series 9.04 P S F
EPSON PX-675F Series 9.04 P S F
EPSON PX-7V 9.00 P
EPSON PX-A550 9.00 P S
EPSON PX-B310 9.00 P
EPSON PX-B510 9.00 P S
EPSON PX-B700 9.04 P S F

EPSON PX-B750F 9.04 P
EPSON PX-FA700 9.00 P
EPSON PX-G5000 9.00 P
EPSON PX-K100 9.00 P
EPSON PX-K150 Series 9.05 P
EPSON PX-K701 9.05 P
EPSON PX-K751F 9.05 P S F
EPSON PX-V500 9.00 P
EPSON Stylus C110 9.00 P


EPSON Stylus COLOR 680 9.00 P
EPSON Stylus CX2800 9.00 P S

EPSON Stylus CX5700F 9.00 P S F

EPSON Stylus CX9400Fax 9.00 P S F
EPSON Stylus D120 9.00 P
EPSON Stylus DX4000 9.00 P S

EPSON Stylus DX7000F 9.00 P S F
EPSON Stylus DX9400F 9.00 P S F
EPSON Stylus N10 N11 9.00 P S
EPSON Stylus NX100 9.00 P S
EPSON Stylus NX125 NX127 9.00 P S

EPSON Stylus Office B1100 9.00 P
EPSON Stylus Office B40W 9.00 P
EPSON Stylus Office B42WD 9.00 P
EPSON Stylus Office BX300F 9.00 P S F
EPSON Stylus Office BX305 9.00 P S F
EPSON Stylus Office BX305 Plus 9.00 P S F
EPSON Stylus Office BX310FN 9.00 P S F
EPSON Stylus Office BX320FW 9.00 P S F
EPSON Stylus Office BX525WD 9.00 P S
EPSON Stylus Office BX535WD 9.00 P S

EPSON Stylus Office BX620FWD 9.00 P S F
EPSON Stylus Office BX925 9.00 P S F
EPSON Stylus Office T1100 9.00 P
EPSON Stylus Office T40W 9.00 P
EPSON Stylus Office TX300F 9.00 P S
EPSON Stylus Office TX320F 9.04 P S F
EPSON Stylus Office TX510FN 9.00 P S F
EPSON Stylus Office TX515FN 9.00 P S F
EPSON Stylus Office TX525FW 9.04 P S F
EPSON Stylus Office TX600FW 9.00 P S
EPSON Stylus Office TX610FW 9.00 P S F
EPSON Stylus Office TX620FWD 9.04 P S F

EPSON Stylus Photo 1270 9.00 P
EPSON Stylus Photo 2000P 9.00 P
EPSON Stylus Photo 785EPX 9.00 P
EPSON Stylus Photo 830U 9.00 P

EPSON Stylus Photo 895EX 9.00 P
EPSON Stylus Photo P50 9.00 P
EPSON Stylus Photo PX650 9.00 P
EPSON Stylus Photo PX660 9.05 P S
EPSON Stylus Photo PX700W 9.00 P S
EPSON Stylus Photo PX710W 9.00 P S
EPSON Stylus Photo PX720WD 9.00 P S
EPSON Stylus Photo PX730 9.00 P S
EPSON Stylus Photo PX800FW 9.00 P S
EPSON Stylus Photo PX810FW 9.00 P S F
EPSON Stylus Photo PX820FWD 9.00 P S F
EPSON Stylus Photo PX830 9.00 P S F

EPSON Stylus Photo R1800 9.00 P

EPSON Stylus Photo RX420 9.00 P S

EPSON Stylus Photo T50 9.00 P
EPSON Stylus Photo T60 9.00 P
EPSON Stylus Photo TX650 9.00 P S
EPSON Stylus Photo TX700W 9.00 P S
EPSON Stylus Photo TX710W 9.00 P S
EPSON Stylus Photo TX720WD 9.00 P S
EPSON Stylus Photo TX730 9.00 P S
EPSON Stylus Photo TX800FW 9.00 P S
EPSON Stylus Photo TX810FW 9.00 P S F

EPSON Stylus S20 9.00 P
EPSON Stylus SX100 9.00 P S
EPSON Stylus SX420W 9.00 P S
EPSON Stylus SX510W 9.00 P S
EPSON Stylus SX525WD 9.00 P S

EPSON Stylus SX535WD 9.00 P S
EPSON Stylus SX600FW 9.00 P S
EPSON Stylus SX610FW 9.00 P S F
EPSON Stylus SX620FW 9.00 P S F
EPSON Stylus T10 9.00 P
EPSON Stylus T20E 9.00 P
EPSON Stylus TX100 9.00 P S

EPSON Stylus TX420W 9.04 P S
EPSON Stylus TX550W 9.00 P S
EPSON Stylus TX560WD 9.04 P S

EPSON T12 T22 N11 9.00 P
EPSON T13 T22E 9.00 P
EPSON TX120 NX120 9.00 P
EPSON TX133 TX135 9.00 P
EPSON TX320 WorkForce320 9.00 P
EPSON TX720 Artisan720 9.00 P
EPSON TX820 Artisan830 9.00 P
EPSON WF-2010 Series 9.04 P S
EPSON WF-2510 Series 9.04 P S F
EPSON WF-3010 Series 9.04 P

EPSON WF-M1030 Series 9.05 P
EPSON WF-M1560 Series 9.05 P S F
EPSON WorkForce 1100 9.00 P
EPSON WorkForce 310 9.00 P S

EPSON WorkForce T42WD 9.04 P
EPSON WP-4010 Series 9.00 P

EPSON WP-4511 Series 9.00 P S
EPSON WP-4515 Series 9.00 P S F
EPSON WP-M4011 Series 9.04 P

EPSON WP-M4521 Series 9.04 P S F
EPSON XP-100 Series 9.04 P S
EPSON XP-102 103 Series 9.00 P S
EPSON XP-201 204 208 Series 9.04 P S
EPSON XP-30 33 Series 9.00 P
EPSON XP-302 303 305 306 Series 9.00 P S

EPSON XP-402 403 405 406 Series 9.00 P S
EPSON XP-800 Series 9.04 P S F
EPSON XP-850 Series 9.04 P S F
Fuji-Xerox software
Fuji Xerox D110 Kanji v3018.103 PS H3 * 4.1 P
Fuji Xerox D110 Kanji v3018.103 PS J2 * 4.1 P
Fuji Xerox D110 v3018.103 PS * 4.1 P
Fuji Xerox D125 v3018.103 PS * 4.1 P
Fuji Xerox D95 v3018.103 PS * 4.1 P

FX ApeosPort 350 I v3016.103 PS 4.0 P
FX ApeosPort 350 I v3016.103 PS B 4.0 P
FX ApeosPort 350 I Kanji v3016.103 PS H3 4.0 P
FX ApeosPort 350 I Kanji v3016.103 PS H3B 4.0 P
FX ApeosPort 350 I Kanji v3016.103 PS J2 4.0 P
FX ApeosPort 350 I Kanji v3016.103 PS J2B 4.0 P
FX ApeosPort 450 I v3016.103 PS B 4.0 P
FX ApeosPort 450 I Kanji v3016.103 PS H3B 4.0 P
FX ApeosPort 450 I Kanji v3016.103 PS J2B 4.0 P

FX ApeosPort C2521 I Kanji v3016.103 PS H2 4.0 P
FX ApeosPort C2521 I Kanji v3016.103 PS H2C 4.0 P
FX ApeosPort C2521 I Kanji v3016.103 PS J2 4.0 P
FX ApeosPort C2521 I Kanji v3016.103 PS J2C 4.0 P
FX ApeosPort C5540 I v3015.103 PS 4.0 P

FX ApeosPort-II 3000 v3016.103 PS 4.0 P
FX ApeosPort-II 3000 v3016.103 PS B 4.0 P
FX ApeosPort-II 3000 Kanji v3016.103 PS H3 4.0 P
FX ApeosPort-II 3000 Kanji v3016.103 PS H3B 4.0 P
FX ApeosPort-II 3000 Kanji v3016.103 PS J2 4.0 P
FX ApeosPort-II 3000 Kanji v3016.103 PS J2B 4.0 P
FX ApeosPort-II 4000 v3016.103 PS B 4.0 P
FX ApeosPort-II 4000 Kanji v3016.103 PS H3B 4.0 P
FX ApeosPort-II 4000 Kanji v3016.103 PS J2B 4.0 P

FX ApeosPort-II C2200 Kanji v3016.103 PS H2 4.0 P
FX ApeosPort-II C2200 Kanji v3016.103 PS H2C 4.0 P
FX ApeosPort-II C2200 Kanji v3016.103 PS J2 4.0 P
FX ApeosPort-II C2200 Kanji v3016.103 PS J2C 4.0 P
FX ApeosPort-II C2200 v3016.103 PS 4.0 P
FX ApeosPort-II C2200 v3016.103 PS C 4.0 P


FX ApeosPort-III 3010 Kanji v3017.104 PS H3 4.0 P
FX ApeosPort-III 3010 Kanji v3017.104 PS J2 4.0 P
FX ApeosPort-III C2200 v3017.104 PS 4.0 P
FX ApeosPort-III C2200 v3017.104 PS H2 4.0 P
FX ApeosPort-III C2200 v3017.104 PS J2 4.0 P

FX ApeosPort-III C5500 Kanji v3017.104 PS H2 4.0 P
FX ApeosPort-III C5500 Kanji v3017.104 PS J2 4.0 P

FX ApeosPort-IV 3070 Kanji v3018.103 PS H3 4.0 P
FX ApeosPort-IV 3070 Kanji v3018.103 PS J2 4.0 P
FX ApeosPort-IV 3070 v3018.103 PS 4.0 P
FX ApeosPort-IV 4070 Kanji v3018.103 PS H3 4.0 P
FX ApeosPort-IV 4070 Kanji v3018.103 PS J2 4.0 P
FX ApeosPort-IV 5080 Kanji v3018.103 PS H3 * 4.1 P
FX ApeosPort-IV 5080 Kanji v3018.103 PS J2 * 4.1 P
FX ApeosPort-IV C2270 v3017.104 PS 4.0 P
FX ApeosPort-IV C2270 v3017.104 PS H2 4.0 P
FX ApeosPort-IV C2270 v3017.104 PS J2 4.0 P


FX ApeosPort-IV C5580 Kanji v3018.103 PS H2 4.0 P
FX ApeosPort-IV C5580 Kanji v3018.103 PS J2 4.0 P
FX DocuCentre 350 I Kanji v3016.103 PS H3 4.0 P
FX DocuCentre 350 I Kanji v3016.103 PS H3B 4.0 P

FX DocuCentre 350 I Kanji v3016.103 PS J2 4.0 P
FX DocuCentre 350 I Kanji v3016.103 PS J2B 4.0 P
FX DocuCentre 450 I v3016.103 PS 4.0 P
FX DocuCentre 450 I v3016.103 PS B 4.0 P
FX DocuCentre 450 I Kanji v3016.103 PS H3B 4.0 P
FX DocuCentre 450 I Kanji v3016.103 PS J2B 4.0 P
FX DocuCentre 9000 v3016.103 PS 4.0 P
FX DocuCentre C1101 Kanji v3016.103 PS H2 4.0 P

FX DocuCentre C1101 Kanji v3016.103 PS J2 4.0 P
FX DocuCentre C2101 Kanji v3016.103 PS H2 4.0 P
FX DocuCentre C2101 Kanji v3016.103 PS J2 4.0 P
FX DocuCentre C2521 I Kanji v3016.103 PS H2 4.0 P
FX DocuCentre C2521 I Kanji v3016.103 PS H2C 4.0 P
FX DocuCentre C2521 I Kanji v3016.103 PS J2 4.0 P
FX DocuCentre C2521 I Kanji v3016.103 PS J2C 4.0 P
FX DocuCentre C5540 I v3015.103 PS 4.0 P

FX DocuCentre Color a250 Kanji v3016.103 PS H2 4.0 P
FX DocuCentre Color a250 Kanji v3016.103 PS H2C 4.0 P
FX DocuCentre Color a250 Kanji v3016.103 PS J2 4.0 P
FX DocuCentre Color a250 Kanji v3016.103 PS J2C 4.0 P

FX DocuCentre Color f250 Kanji v3016.103 PS H2 4.0 P
FX DocuCentre Color f250 Kanji v3016.103 PS H2C 4.0 P
FX DocuCentre Color f250 Kanji v3016.103 PS J2 4.0 P
FX DocuCentre Color f250 Kanji v3016.103 PS J2C 4.0 P
FX DocuCentre-II 2005 v3016.103 PS 4.0 P
FX DocuCentre-II 3000 Kanji v3016.103 PS H3 4.0 P
FX DocuCentre-II 3000 Kanji v3016.103 PS H3B 4.0 P
FX DocuCentre-II 3000 Kanji v3016.103 PS J2 4.0 P
FX DocuCentre-II 3000 Kanji v3016.103 PS J2B 4.0 P

FX DocuCentre-II 4000 v3016.103 PS B 4.0 P
FX DocuCentre-II 4000 Kanji v3016.103 PS H3B 4.0 P
FX DocuCentre-II 4000 Kanji v3016.103 PS J2B 4.0 P
FX DocuCentre-II C2200 Kanji v3016.103 PS H2 4.0 P
FX DocuCentre-II C2200 Kanji v3016.103 PS H2C 4.0 P
FX DocuCentre-II C2200 Kanji v3016.103 PS J2 4.0 P

FX DocuCentre-II C2200 Kanji v3016.103 PS J2C 4.0 P
FX DocuCentre-II C2200 v3016.103 PS 4.0 P
FX DocuCentre-II C2200 v3016.103 PS C 4.0 P
FX DocuCentre-II C3000 v3016.103 PS A 4.0 P

FX DocuCentre-III 2000 Kanji v3017.104 PS H3 4.0 P
FX DocuCentre-III 2000 Kanji v3017.104 PS J2 4.0 P
FX DocuCentre-III 2007 v3017.104 PS 4.0 P
FX DocuCentre-III 3007 v3017.104 PS 4.0 P

FX DocuCentre-III C2200 v3017.104 PS 4.0 P
FX DocuCentre-III C2200 v3017.104 PS H2 4.0 P
FX DocuCentre-III C2200 v3017.104 PS J2 4.0 P

FX DocuCentre-III C5500 Kanji v3017.104 PS H2 4.0 P
FX DocuCentre-III C5500 Kanji v3017.104 PS J2 4.0 P
FX DocuCentre-IV 2060 v3018.103 PS 4.0 P

FX DocuCentre-IV 2060 v3018.103 PS H3 4.0 P
FX DocuCentre-IV 2060 v3018.103 PS J2 4.0 P
FX DocuCentre-IV 3060 v3018.103 PS H3 4.0 P
FX DocuCentre-IV 3060 v3018.103 PS J2 4.0 P
FX DocuCentre-IV 3070 Kanji v3018.103 PS H3 4.0 P
FX DocuCentre-IV 3070 Kanji v3018.103 PS J2 4.0 P
FX DocuCentre-IV 4070 Kanji v3018.103 PS H3 4.0 P
FX DocuCentre-IV 4070 Kanji v3018.103 PS J2 4.0 P
FX DocuCentre-IV 5080 Kanji v3018.103 PS H3 * 4.1 P
FX DocuCentre-IV 5080 Kanji v3018.103 PS J2 * 4.1 P

FX DocuCentre-IV C2260 v3017.104 PS 4.0 P
FX DocuCentre-IV C2260 v3017.104 PS H2 4.0 P
FX DocuCentre-IV C2260 v3017.104 PS J2 4.0 P

FX DocuCentre-IV C5580 Kanji v3018.103 PS H2 4.0 P
FX DocuCentre-IV C5580 Kanji v3018.103 PS J2 4.0 P

FX Document Centre 1100 v3016.103 PS 4.0 P
FX Document Centre 900 v3016.103 PS 4.0 P
FX Document Centre C250 v3015.103 PS * 4.1 P
FX Document Centre C250 v3015.103 PS Finisher C

4.1 P
*

4.1 P
*

4.1 P
*
FX DocuPrint 2060 Kanji v3015.103 PS H2 4.0 P

FX DocuPrint 2060 Kanji v3015.103 PS J2 4.0 P
FX DocuPrint 2060-PDF 3.5 P
FX DocuPrint 2065 v3015.103 PS 4.0 P
FX DocuPrint 3000 v3018.103 PS H3 4.0 P
FX DocuPrint 3000 v3018.103 PS J2 4.0 P

FX DocuPrint C1100 3.2 P
FX DocuPrint C1110 B-PDF 3.5 P
FX DocuPrint C1110 v3015.103 PS 4.0 P
FX DocuPrint C1110-PDF 3.5 P
FX DocuPrint C2110 3.2 P
FX DocuPrint C2250 v3017.104 PS H2 4.0 P
FX DocuPrint C2250 v3017.104 PS J2 4.0 P
FX DocuPrint C2535 A PS 4.0 P
FX DocuPrint C3050 Kanji v3015.103 PS H2 4.0 P

FX DocuPrint C3050 Kanji v3015.103 PS J2 4.0 P
FX DocuPrint C3055 DX Kanji v3015.103 PS H2 4.0 P
FX DocuPrint C3055 DX Kanji v3015.103 PS J2 4.0 P
FX DocuPrint C3055 DX v3015.103 PS 4.0 P
FX DocuPrint C3055 DX-PDF 3.5 P
FX DocuPrint C3200 A Kanji v3016.103 PS H2 4.0 P
FX DocuPrint C3200 A Kanji v3016.103 PS J2 4.0 P
FX DocuPrint C3290 FS PS 4.0 P

FX DocuPrint C4000 d v3018.103 PS H2 + 4.1 P
FX DocuPrint C4000 d v3018.103 PS J2 + 4.1 P
FX DocuPrint C5000 d v3018.103 PS H2 * 4.1 P
FX DocuPrint C5000 d v3018.103 PS J2 * 4.1 P
FX DocuPrint C5005 d v3018.103 PS 4.0 P
FX DocuPrint C525 A 3.2 P
FX DocuPrint C525 A-AP 3.2 P
FX DocuPrint CM305 df v3018.102 PS 4.0 P
FX DocuPrint CM405 df v3018.103 PS + 1.1 P
FX DocuPrint CM505 da v3018.103 PS 4.0 P
FX DocuPrint CP100 b 3.5 P
FX DocuPrint CP105 b 3.2 P

FX DocuPrint CP200 w 3.5 P
FX DocuPrint CP205 3.2 P
FX DocuPrint CP205 w 3.2 P
FX DocuPrint CP305 d v3018.102 PS 4.0 P
FX DocuPrint CP405 d v3018.103 PS + 1.1 P
FX DocuPrint M355 df v3018.103 PS + 1.2 P
FX DocuPrint P355 d v3018.103 PS + 1.2 P
FX DocuPrint P355 db v3018.103 PS + 1.2 P
FX DocuPrint P455 d v3018.103 PS + 1.1 P
Gestetner software (Ricoh)
Gestetner C7425dn 1.4 P
Gestetner C7435n 1.2 P
Gestetner C7640nD 1.2 P

Gestetner C8140ND 1.3 P
Gestetner C8150ND 1.3 P
Gestetner CS555 1.6 P
Gestetner DSc1030 + 1.1 P
Gestetner DSc424 1.3 P
Gestetner DSm1020 + 1.0 P
Gestetner DSm1025 + 1.0 P

Gestetner DSm940 1.2 P
Gestetner DSm950 1.2 P
Gestetner GWD3006 1.1 P
Gestetner MP 171 1.2 P
Gestetner MP 2001 + 1.0 P
Gestetner MP 2550B 1.5 P

Gestetner MP C2050 1.2 P

Gestetner MP C300SR 1.1 P
Gestetner MP C305 + 1.1 P
Gestetner MP C400SR 1.1 P
Gestetner MP C4501A 1.1 P

Gestetner MP CW2200 + 1.0 P
Gestetner MP2352/DSm923 1.1 P
Gestetner MPC1500/GS106 1.4 P
Gestetner MPC2000/DSc520 1.6 P

Gestetner P7031n 1.2 P
Gestetner P7031nL 1.2 P
Gestetner P7035n 1.2 P
Gestetner P7431cn 1.2 P
Gestetner Pro 1107EX 1.3 P
Gestetner SP 4210N 1.2 P
Gestetner SP 6330N 1.1 P
Gestetner SP 8200DN 1.2 P
Gestetner SP C320DN 1.1 P
HP software

HP 910 * 4.0.2 P
HP 915 * 4.0.2 P S
HP Business Inkjet 2250 PS * 19.6 P
HP Business Inkjet 3000 PS 18.4 P
HP CM8050 CM8060 Color MFP with Edgeline

19.5 P
Technology
HP Color LaserJet 18.4 P
HP Color LaserJet 2500 19.3 P
HP Color LaserJet 2550 Series 19.3 P
HP Color LaserJet 2600 1.4.0 P
HP Color LaserJet 2605 * 19.6 P
HP Color LaserJet 2800 Series 19.5 P
HP Color LaserJet 3500 * 2.0.2 P

HP Color LaserJet 4730mfp 19.5 P
HP Color LaserJet 5/5M 18.4 P
HP Color LaserJet 9500 MFP 19.5 P
HP Color LaserJet CM1015 * 19.6 P
HP Color LaserJet CM1312 MFP Series * 19.6 P

HP Color LaserJet CM1312 MFP Series. Fax * 5.9.0 F
HP Color LaserJet CM2320 MFP Series * 19.6 P
HP Color LaserJet CM2320 MFP Series. Fax * 5.9.0 F
HP Color LaserJet CM3530 MFP 19.5 P
HP Color LaserJet CP1510 Series * 19.6 P
HP Color LaserJet CP3505 19.5 P
HP Color LaserJet CP3525 * 19.6 P
HP Color LaserJet CP4005 19.5 P
HP Color LaserJet CP4020-CP4520 Series * 19.6 P

HP Color LaserJet CP6015 * 19.6 P
HP Designjet 111 Roll * 23.0 P
HP Designjet 111 Tray * 23.0 P
HP Designjet 130 * 23.0 P
HP Designjet 130nr * 23.0 P
HP Designjet 4020ps * 23.0 P
HP Designjet 4520mfp * 23.0 P
HP Designjet 4520ps * 23.0 P
HP Designjet 500 plus 24 * 23.0 P
HP Designjet 500 plus 42 * 23.0 P
HP Designjet 500ps plus 24 * 23.0 P
HP Designjet 500ps plus 42 * 23.0 P
HP Designjet 510 24in Printer * 23.0 P
HP Designjet 510 42in Printer * 23.0 P
HP Designjet 510ps 24in Printer * 23.0 P
HP Designjet 510ps 42in Printer * 23.0 P
HP Designjet T1100 24in * 23.0 P
HP Designjet T1100ps 24in * 23.0 P

HP Designjet T120 * 23.0 P
HP Designjet T1200 PostScript * 23.0 P
HP Designjet T7100ps * 23.0 P
HP Designjet T7100ps Monochrome * 23.0 P

HP Designjet Z2100 24in Photo * 23.0 P
HP Designjet Z3100ps 24in Photo * 23.0 P

HP Designjet Z5200 PostScript * 23.0 P
HP Designjet Z5200 PostScript * 23.0 P
HP Deskjet 1000 J110 series * 2.1.3 P
HP Deskjet 1050 J410 series * 2.1.3 P S
HP Deskjet 2510 series * 2.1.3 P S
HP Deskjet 3050A J611 series * 2.1.3 P S
HP Deskjet 3070 B611 series * 4.2.3 P S
HP Deskjet 3320 * 2.0.2 P

HP Deskjet 460 series * 4.0.4 P
HP Deskjet 4610 series. Fax * 5.9.0 F
HP Deskjet 4620 series. Fax * 5.9.0 F

HP Deskjet D1300 series * 4.0.2 P
HP Deskjet D730 * 3.0.3 P
HP Deskjet F2100 series * 4.0.2 P S

HP Deskjet F300 Series * 2.0.2 P S
HP Deskjet F735 * 3.0.3 P S
HP Deskjet Ink Adv 2010 K010 series * 2.1.3 P S
HP Deskjet Ink Adv 2060 K110 * 2.1.3 P S
HP Deskjet Ink Advant K109a-z * 3.0.2 P S
HP Deskjet Ink Advant K209a-z * 3.0.3 P S
HP Deskjet Ink Advantage 2020hc Printer * 2.1.3 P S
HP Deskjet Ink Advantage 2520hc All-in-One * 2.1.3 P S
HP Deskjet Ink Advantage 6525 e-All-in-One * 4.2.3 P S
HP Envy 100 D410 series * 3.0.3 P S
HP Envy 110 series * 3.0.3 P S
HP Envy 120 series * 3.0.3 P S
HP LaserJet 100 Color MFP M175 * 19.6 P S
HP LaserJet 1010 * 2.0.2 P

HP LaserJet 1022 1.4.0 P
HP LaserJet 1200 19.3 P
HP LaserJet 1300 Series 19.3 P
HP LaserJet 1320 series 19.5 P
HP LaserJet 200 Color M251 * 19.6 P
HP LaserJet 200 Color MFP M275 * 19.6 P
HP LaserJet 200 Color MFP M276. Fax * 5.9.0 F

HP LaserJet 3020 3030 19.3 P
HP LaserJet 3050 * 19.6 P
HP LaserJet 4 Plus 18.4 P
HP LaserJet 400 M401 * 19.7 P
HP LaserJet 400 M401dne * 19.7 P
HP LaserJet 400 MFP M425 * 19.6 P
HP LaserJet 400 MFP M425. Fax * 5.9.0 F
HP LaserJet 4100 MFP 19.5 P

HP LaserJet 4ML 18.4 P
HP LaserJet 4MP 18.4 P
HP LaserJet 4Si/4Si MX 600 dpi 18.4 P
HP LaserJet 4V/4MV 18.4 P
HP LaserJet 500 Color M551 19.5 P
HP LaserJet 500 Color MFP M570 19.5 P
HP LaserJet 500 Color MFP M570. Fax * 5.9.0 F
HP LaserJet 500 MFP M525 * 19.6 P
HP LaserJet 5200L * 19.6 P
HP LaserJet 5200LX * 19.6 P
HP LaserJet 5M 18.4 P
HP LaserJet 5P 18.4 P
HP LaserJet 5Si 19.5 P
HP LaserJet 5Si Mopier PS 19.5 P
HP LaserJet 600 M601 M602 M603 * 19.6 P
HP LaserJet 6P/6MP 19.3 P
HP LaserJet 700 M712 * 19.6 P
HP LaserJet 9040 9050 MFP 19.5 P
HP LaserJet 9055 9065 MFP 19.5 P
HP LaserJet CM1410 Series * 19.6 P S
HP LaserJet CM1410 Series. Fax * 5.9.0 F
HP LaserJet Color flow MFP M575 * 19.6 P

2.0.201206
HP LaserJet CP 1025 P
20
2.0.201206
HP LaserJet CP 1025nw P
20
2.0.201206
HP LaserJet CP1021 P
20
2.0.201206
20
2.0.201206
HP LaserJet CP1022nw P
20
2.0.201206
20
2.0.201206
20
2.0.201206
20
2.0.201206
20
2.0.201206
20
2.0.201206
20
HP LaserJet CP1520 Series * 19.6 P
HP LaserJet flow MFP M525 * 19.6 P
HP LaserJet M1005 1.4.0 P

HP LaserJet M1120 1.4.0 P
HP LaserJet M1319f 1.4.0 P
HP LaserJet M1522 MFP Series * 19.6 P
HP LaserJet M1522 MFP Series. Fax * 5.9.0 F
HP LaserJet M1536dnf MFP * 19.6 P S
HP LaserJet M2727 MFP Series * 19.6 P
HP LaserJet M3027 MFP 19.5 P
HP LaserJet M4555 MFP * 19.6 P
HP LaserJet M9040 M9050 MFP 19.5 P
HP LaserJet MFP M725 + 19.6 P

HP LaserJet P1005 1.4.0 P
HP LaserJet P1505n 1.4.0 P
HP LaserJet P2015 Series * 19.6 P
HP LaserJet P2055 * 19.6 P
HP LaserJet P2055 with Duplexer * 19.6 P
HP LaserJet Pro MFP M521 + 19.6 P S
HP LaserJet Pro MFP M521. Fax + 5.9.0 F
HP LaserJet Professional M1130 MFP Series + 1.3 P S

HP LaserJet Professional M1210nf MFP Series + 1.3 P S
HP LaserJet Professional M1210nf MPF Series + 1.3 P S
HP LaserJet Professional P1100 5.0 P
HP LaserJet Professional P1100w 5.0 P
HP LaserJet Professional P1560 5.0 P
HP LaserJet Professional P1600dn 5.0 P
HP LJ 300 Color MFP M375. Fax * 5.9.0 F
HP LJ 300-400 Color M351-M451 * 19.6 P
HP LJ 300-400 Color MFP M375-M475 19.5 P
HP LJ 400 Color MFP M475. Fax * 5.9.0 F
HP Mopier 240 19.5 P
HP Mopier 320 19.5 P
HP Officejet 100 Mobile L411 * 4.0.4 P
HP Officejet 150 Mobile L511 * 4.0.4 P
HP Officejet 4000 K210 * 3.0.2 P
HP Officejet 4100 series * 2.0.2 P S
HP Officejet 4100 series. Fax * 5.9.0 F
HP Officejet 4105 * 2.0.2 P S
HP Officejet 4105. Fax * 5.9.0 F

HP Officejet 4400 K410 * 3.0.3 P S
HP Officejet 4500 G510a-f * 3.0.3 P S
HP Officejet 4500 G510a-f. Fax * 5.9.0 F
HP Officejet 4500 G510g-m * 3.0.3 P S
HP Officejet 4500 G510g-m. Fax * 5.9.0 F
HP Officejet 4500 G510n-z * 3.0.3 P S
HP Officejet 4500 G510n-z. Fax * 5.9.0 F
HP Officejet 4500 K710 * 3.0.3 P S
HP Officejet 4500 K710. Fax * 5.9.0 F

HP Officejet 6000 E609a Series * 4.1.1 P
HP Officejet 6000 E609n Series * 4.1.1 P
HP Officejet 6100 * 4.1.1 P
HP Officejet 6100 series * 2.0.2 P
HP Officejet 6500 E709a Series * 4.1.1 P S
HP Officejet 6500 E709a Series. Fax * 5.9.0 F
HP Officejet 6500 E709n Series * 4.1.1 P S
HP Officejet 6500 E709n Series. Fax * 5.9.0 F
HP Officejet 6500 E710a-f * 4.1.1 P
HP Officejet 6500 E710a-f. Fax * 5.9.0 F
HP Officejet 6500 E710n-z * 4.1.1 P
HP Officejet 6500 E710n-z. Fax * 5.9.0 F

HP Officejet 7000 E809a * 4.1.1 P
HP Officejet 7110 series + 4.1.1 P
HP Officejet 7500 E910 * 4.1.1 P S
HP Officejet 7500 E910. Fax * 5.9.0 F
HP Officejet 7610 series + 4.1.1 P S
HP Officejet 7610 series. Fax + 5.9.0 F
HP Officejet 9100 series PS * 19.6 P
HP Officejet H470 * 4.0.4 P
HP Officejet J3600 Series * 4.0.4 P S
HP Officejet J3600 series. Fax * 5.9.0 F

HP Officejet J4680 Series. Fax * 5.9.0 F
HP Officejet J5700 series * 4.0.4 P S
HP Officejet J6400 series * 4.0.4 P S
HP Officejet K7100 * 4.0.4 P S
HP Officejet Pro 251dw Printer + 19.6 P
HP Officejet Pro 276dw MFP + 19.6 P S
HP Officejet Pro 276dw MFP. Fax + 5.9.0 F
HP Officejet Pro 3610 + 4.1.1 P S
HP Officejet Pro 3620 + 4.1.1 P S
HP Officejet Pro 3620. Fax + 5.9.0 F
HP Officejet Pro 8000 A809 Series * 3.3.2 P
HP Officejet Pro 8000 Enterprise A811a * 19.6 P S

HP Officejet Pro 8100 * 3.3.2 P
HP Officejet Pro 8500 A909a Series * 3.3.2 P S
HP Officejet Pro 8500 A909a Series. Fax * 5.9.0 F
HP Officejet Pro 8500 A909g Series * 3.3.2 P S
HP Officejet Pro 8500 A909g Series. Fax * 5.9.0 F
HP Officejet Pro 8500 A909n Series * 3.3.2 P S
HP Officejet Pro 8500 A909n Series. Fax * 5.9.0 F
HP Officejet Pro 8500 A910 * 3.3.2 P S
HP Officejet Pro 8500 A910. Fax * 5.9.0 F
HP Officejet Pro 8600 * 3.3.2 P S
HP Officejet Pro 8600. Fax * 5.9.0 F
HP Officejet Pro K5300 series * 4.0.4 P
HP Officejet Pro K550 * 4.0.2 P
HP Officejet Pro K850 * 4.0.2 P
HP Officejet Pro L7300 series * 4.0.2 P S
HP Officejet Pro L7300 series. Fax * 5.9.0 F

HP Officejet Pro X451-X551 Printer + 19.6 P
HP Officejet Pro X476-X576 MFP + 19.6 P S
HP Officejet Pro X476-X576 MFP. Fax + 5.9.0 F
HP Photosmart 140 series * 4.0.2 P
HP Photosmart 2570 series * 2.0.2 P S
HP Photosmart 2600 series. Fax * 5.9.0 F

HP Photosmart 5510d series * 4.2.3 P S
HP Photosmart 6520 e-All-in-One * 4.2.3 P
HP Photosmart 7510 e-All-in-One * 4.1.1 P
HP Photosmart 7520 e-All-in-One * 4.1.1 P S

HP Photosmart A310 series * 4.0.2 P
HP Photosmart A530/A630 1.1.0 P
HP Photosmart A640 1.1.0 P

HP Photosmart B010 series * 4.2.3 P S
HP Photosmart B109a-m * 4.2.3 P S
HP Photosmart B110 series * 4.2.3 P S
HP Photosmart B8500 series * 4.1.1 P
HP Photosmart C309a series * 4.1.1 P S
HP Photosmart C309a series. Fax * 5.9.0 F
HP Photosmart C3100 series * 4.0.2 P S
HP Photosmart C4340 series. Fax * 5.9.0 F

HP Photosmart D110 series * 3.0.3 P S
HP Photosmart D5060 series * 4.0.2 P

HP Photosmart eStn C510 Japan * 4.1.1 P S
HP Photosmart eStn C510 series * 4.1.1 P S
HP Photosmart Ink Adv K510 * 3.0.3 P S
HP Photosmart Plus B209a-m * 4.2.3 P S
HP Photosmart Plus B210 series * 4.2.3 P S
HP Photosmart Prem C310 Japan * 4.1.1 P S
HP Photosmart Prem C310 series * 4.1.1 P S
HP Photosmart Prem C410 Japan * 4.1.1 P S
HP Photosmart Prem C410 Japan. Fax * 5.9.0 F
HP Photosmart Prem C410 series * 4.1.1 P S
HP Photosmart Prem C410 series. Fax * 5.9.0 F
HP Photosmart Prem-Web C309n-s * 4.1.1 P S
HP Photosmart Prem-Web C309n-s. Fax * 5.9.0 F
HP Photosmart Premium C309g-m * 4.1.1 P S
HP Photosmart Pro B8300 series * 4.0.2 P

HP Photosmart Wireless B109n-z * 4.2.3 P S
HP PSC 1000 series * 2.0.2 P
HP PSC 1200 series * 2.0.2 P S
HP PSC 2400 series. Fax * 5.9.0 F

HP PSC 2500 series. Fax * 5.9.0 P F
InfoPrint software (Ricoh)
InfoPrint Pro 1107EX 1.3 P
Infotec software (Ricoh)
infotec IPC 2525 1.4 P
infotec IPC 2525DN 1.4 P
infotec IPC 2525e 1.4 P
infotec IPC 3535e 1.4 P
infotec IS 2255 1.4 P

infotec ISC 1024c 1.3 P
infotec ISC 1032c 1.3 P
infotec ISC 2020 1.6 P
infotec ISC 615G 1.4 P
infotec MP 171 1.2 P
infotec MP 2001 + 1.0 P

infotec MP 2550B 1.5 P

infotec MP C2050 1.2 P
infotec MP C3003 + 1.1 P
infotec MP C300SR 1.1 P

infotec MP C400SR 1.1 P
infotec MP C4501A 1.1 P

infotec Pro 1107EX 1.3 P
infotec Pro C5100S + 1.0 P
infotec Pro C5110S + 1.0 P
Lanier software (Ricoh)
LANIER LC 155 1.6 P
LANIER LD 124c 1.3 P
LANIER LD 130C 1.1 P
LANIER LD 130CSR 1.1 P
LANIER LD 140CSR 1.1 P

LANIER LP 031c 1.2 P
LANIER LP 125cx/LP 126cn 1.4 P
LANIER LP 131n 1.2 P
LANIER LP 131nL 1.2 P
LANIER LP 136n 1.2 P
LANIER LP 137CN 1.1 P
LANIER LP 142CN 1.1 P
LANIER LP 150dn/SP 8200DN 1.2 P
LANIER LP 222cn/LP 221c 1.3 P
LANIER LP 226c/SP C410 1.4 P
LANIER LP 231c/SP C411 1.4 P
LANIER LP 235N 1.1 P
LANIER LP 331cn/SP C420 1.3 P

LANIER LP 37N 1.2 P
LANIER LP 440c/SP C811DN 1.2 P
LANIER LP 540C/SP C820DN 1.3 P
LANIER LP 550C/SP C821DN 1.3 P
LANIER LW 426 1.1 P
LANIER LW 5100 1.2 P
LANIER LW 5100en 1.1 P
LANIER LW 7140 1.2 P
LANIER LW 7140en 1.1 P
LANIER MP 171/LD 117 1.2 P
LANIER MP 2001 + 1.0 P
LANIER MP 2352 1.1 P
LANIER MP 2550B/LD 425B 1.5 P

LANIER MP 301 1.1 P

LANIER MP C1500/LD 215c 1.4 P
LANIER MP C2050/LD 520C 1.2 P
LANIER MP C2051 1.2 P
LANIER MP C3003 + 1.1 P
LANIER MP C300SR 1.1 P

LANIER MP C400SR 1.1 P
LANIER MP C4501A/LD 645CA 1.1 P
LANIER MP C4502A 1.3 P
LANIER MP C5501A/LD 655CA 1.1 P
LANIER MP C5502A 1.3 P

LANIER MP CW2200 + 1.0 P
LANIER Pro 1107EX 1.3 P
LANIER Pro C5100S + 1.0 P
LANIER Pro C5110S + 1.0 P
LANIER SP 4100N 1.2 P
LANIER SP 4100NL 1.2 P

LANIER SP 5200DN 1.2 P
LANIER SP 5200S 1.1 P
LANIER SP 5210DN 1.2 P
LANIER SP 5210SF 1.1 P
LANIER SP 5210SR 1.1 P
LANIER SP 8300DN + 1.1 P
LANIER SP C320DN 1.1 P
LANIER SP C730DN + 1.1 P
Lexmark software
Lexmark 1300 Series 11.2 P

Lexmark 2300 Series 11.2 P S
Lexmark 3500-4500 Series 11.2 P S
Lexmark 4039 plus 11.0 P
Lexmark 4079 plus 11.0 P
Lexmark 5000 Series Fax 11.2 F

Lexmark 5600-6600 Series Fax 11.2 F
Lexmark 6500e Series 11.2 P S
Lexmark 6500e Series Fax 11.1 F

Lexmark C510 11.0 P
Lexmark C510 Fax 11.0 F
Lexmark C520 11.0 P
Lexmark C522 11.0 P
Lexmark C524 11.0 P
Lexmark C530 11.2 P
Lexmark C532 11.2 P
Lexmark C534 11.2 P
Lexmark C540 11.2 P
Lexmark C543 11.2 P
Lexmark C544 11.2 P
Lexmark C546 11.2 P
Lexmark C720 11.0 P
Lexmark C734 11.2 P
Lexmark C736 11.2 P

Lexmark C740 Series 1.1 P
Lexmark C750 11.0 P
Lexmark C752 11.0 P
Lexmark C760 11.0 P
Lexmark C762 11.0 P
Lexmark C770 11.0 P
Lexmark C772 11.0 P
Lexmark C780 11.2 P
Lexmark C782 11.2 P
Lexmark C790 Series 11.2 P S
Lexmark C910 11.0 P

Lexmark C912 11.0 P
Lexmark C920 11.0 P
Lexmark C920 Series 11.2 P S
Lexmark C930 11.2 P
Lexmark C935 11.2 P
Lexmark C950 Series 11.2 P
Lexmark CS310 Series 1.2 P
Lexmark CX310 Series + 1.1 P S
Lexmark CX410 Series Fax + 1.0 F
Lexmark CX510 Series Fax + 1.0 F
Lexmark E120n 11.0 P
Lexmark E220 11.0 P
Lexmark E230 11.0 P

Lexmark E232 11.0 P
Lexmark E234 11.0 P
Lexmark E238 11.0 P
Lexmark E240 11.0 P
Lexmark E250d 11.0 P
Lexmark E250dn 11.0 P
Lexmark E260 11.2 P
Lexmark E320 11.0 P
Lexmark E321 11.0 P
Lexmark E322 11.0 P
Lexmark E323 11.0 P
Lexmark E330 11.0 P
Lexmark E340 11.0 P

Lexmark E460dw 11.2 P
Lexmark E462dtn 11.2 P
Lexmark EG460dn 11.2 P
Lexmark M1100 Series 1.1 P
Lexmark MS310 Series 1.2 P
Lexmark MS710 Series + 1.2 P
Lexmark MX310 Series + 1.1 P S

Lexmark MX310 Series Fax + 1.0 F
Lexmark Optra C 11.0 P
Lexmark Optra C710 11.0 P
Lexmark Optra C710 Fax 11.0 F
Lexmark Optra Color 1200 11.0 P
Lexmark Optra E310 11.0 P
Lexmark Optra E312 11.0 P

Lexmark Optra E312L 11.0 P
Lexmark Optra Ep 11.0 P
Lexmark Optra K 11.0 P
Lexmark Optra L 11.0 P
Lexmark Optra Lx 11.0 P
Lexmark Optra Lx+ 11.0 P
Lexmark Optra Lxi+ 11.0 P
Lexmark Optra Lxn+ 11.0 P
Lexmark Optra M410 11.0 P
Lexmark Optra M410 Fax 11.0 F
Lexmark Optra M412 11.0 P
Lexmark Optra M412 Fax 11.0 F
Lexmark Optra N 11.0 P
Lexmark Optra R 11.0 P
Lexmark Optra R+ 11.0 P
Lexmark Optra Rn+ 11.0 P
Lexmark Optra Rt+ 11.0 P
Lexmark Optra Rx 11.0 P
Lexmark Optra S 11.0 P

Lexmark Optra S plus 11.0 P
Lexmark Optra S xxx5 Series 11.0 P
Lexmark Optra SC 11.0 P
Lexmark Optra T 11.0 P
Lexmark Optra T Fax 11.0 F
Lexmark Optra W810 11.0 P
Lexmark Optra W810 Fax 11.0 F
Lexmark P910 Series 11.2 P
Lexmark Pro200-S500 Series 11.3 P
Lexmark Pro200-S500 Series Fax 11.3 F
Lexmark Pro4000 Series 2.3 P S
Lexmark Pro4000 Series Fax 2.1 F
Lexmark Pro700 Series 11.3 P
Lexmark Pro800-Pro900 Series 11.3 P

Lexmark Pro800-Pro900 Series Fax 11.3 F
Lexmark Pro910 Series 2.3 P
Lexmark S300-S400 Series 11.2 P
Lexmark S300-S400 Series Fax 11.2 F
Lexmark S310 Series 2.2 P
Lexmark S410 Series Fax 2.2 F
Lexmark T420 11.0 P
Lexmark T430 11.0 P
Lexmark T520 11.0 P
Lexmark T520 Fax 11.0 F
Lexmark T522 11.0 P

Lexmark T620 11.0 P
Lexmark T622 11.0 P
Lexmark T630 11.0 P
Lexmark T632 11.0 P
Lexmark T634 11.0 P
Lexmark T640 11.0 P
Lexmark T642 11.0 P
Lexmark T644 11.0 P
Lexmark T650 11.2 P
Lexmark T652 11.2 P
Lexmark T654 11.2 P

Lexmark T656 11.2 P
Lexmark TG654 11.2 P
Lexmark W812 11.0 P
Lexmark W812 Fax 11.0 F
Lexmark W820 11.0 P
Lexmark W820 Fax 11.0 F
Lexmark W840 11.0 P
Lexmark W850 11.2 P
Lexmark X203n 11.2 P S
Lexmark X204n Fax 11.1 F
Lexmark X264dn 11.2 P S
Lexmark X264dn Fax 11.1 F
Lexmark X340 11.1 P S
Lexmark X364dn Fax 11.1 F
Lexmark X364dw 11.2 P S

Lexmark X364dw Fax 11.1 F
Lexmark X422 Fax 11.0 F
Lexmark X463de 11.2 P S
Lexmark X463de Fax 11.1 F
Lexmark X466dte 11.2 P S
Lexmark X466dte Fax 11.1 F
Lexmark X466dwe 11.2 P S
Lexmark X466dwe Fax 11.1 F
Lexmark X5400 Series 11.2 P S
Lexmark X5400 Series Fax 11.2 F

Lexmark X642e 11.0 P
Lexmark X642e Fax 11.0 F

Lexmark X740 Series 1.1 P
Lexmark X790 Series 11.2 P

Lexmark X940e 11.3 P S
Lexmark X945e 11.3 P S
Lexmark XC2100 Series + 1.1 P
Lexmark XC2100 Series Fax + 1.0 F
Lexmark XM1100 Series + 1.1 P
Lexmark XM1100 Series Fax + 1.0 F

Lexmark XM7100 Series 1.1 P
Lexmark Z2300 Series 11.2 P
Lexmark Z2400 Series 11.2 P
NRG software (Ricoh)
NRG C7425dn 1.4 P
NRG C7425hdn 1.4 P
NRG C7435n 1.2 P
NRG C7521n 1.3 P
NRG C7528n 1.4 P
NRG C7535hdn 1.4 P
NRG CS555 1.6 P
NRG DSc424 1.3 P
NRG DSc428 1.5 P
NRG DSc432 1.3 P
NRG DSc435 1.5 P
NRG DSc445 1.5 P
NRG DSc460 1.6 P

NRG MP 171 1.2 P
NRG MP 2001 + 1.0 P
NRG MP 201 1.1 P
NRG MP 2352 1.1 P
NRG MP 2501 + 1.0 P
NRG MP 2550 1.5 P
NRG MP 2550B 1.5 P
NRG MP 2851 1.1 P
NRG MP 2852 1.1 P
NRG MP 301 1.1 P
NRG MP 3350 1.5 P
NRG MP 3350B 1.5 P
NRG MP 3351 1.1 P
NRG MP 3352 1.1 P
NRG MP 4000 1.2 P
NRG MP 4000B 1.2 P
NRG MP 4001 1.1 P
NRG MP 4002 1.2 P
NRG MP 5000 1.2 P

NRG MP 5000B 1.2 P
NRG MP 5001 1.1 P
NRG MP 5002 1.2 P
NRG MP 5500 1.4 P
NRG MP 6001 1.1 P
NRG MP 6002 + 1.0 P
NRG MP 6500 1.4 P
NRG MP 7001 1.1 P
NRG MP 7500 1.4 P
NRG MP 7502 + 1.0 P
NRG MP 8001 1.1 P
NRG MP 9001 1.1 P
NRG MP 9002 + 1.0 P
NRG MP C1500sp 1.4 P
NRG MP C2000 1.6 P
NRG MP C2050 1.2 P
NRG MP C2051 1.1 P
NRG MP C2500 1.6 P
NRG MP C2550 1.2 P

NRG MP C2551 1.1 P
NRG MP C2800 1.3 P
NRG MP C300 1.1 P
NRG MP C3000 1.6 P
NRG MP C3001 1.1 P
NRG MP C3002 1.3 P
NRG MP C3003 + 1.1 P
NRG MP C300SR 1.1 P
NRG MP C305 1.1 P
NRG MP C3300 1.3 P
NRG MP C3500 1.4 P
NRG MP C3501 1.1 P
NRG MP C3502 1.3 P
NRG MP C3503 + 1.1 P
NRG MP C400 1.1 P
NRG MP C4000 1.3 P
NRG MP C400SR 1.1 P
NRG MP C4500 1.4 P
NRG MP C4501 1.1 P

NRG MP C4501A 1.1 P
NRG MP C4502 1.3 P
NRG MP C4502A 1.3 P
NRG MP C4503 + 1.1 P
NRG MP C5000 1.3 P
NRG MP C5501 1.1 P
NRG MP C5501A 1.1 P
NRG MP C5502 1.3 P
NRG MP C5502A 1.3 P
NRG MP C5503 + 1.1 P
NRG MP C6000 1.3 P
NRG MP C6003 1.1 P
NRG MP C6501 1.2 P
NRG MP C6502 + 1.0 P
NRG MP C7500 1.3 P
NRG MP C7501 1.2 P
NRG MP C8002 + 1.0 P
NRG MP CW2200 + 1.0 P
NRG MP W2401 1.1 P

NRG MP W3601 1.1 P
NRG MP W5100 1.2 P
NRG MP W5100en 1.1 P
NRG MP W7140 1.2 P
NRG MP W7140en 1.1 P
NRG P7431cn 1.2 P
NRG Pro 1107EX 1.3 P
NRG Pro 1357EX 1.3 P
NRG Pro 907EX 1.3 P
NRG Pro C5100S + 1.0 P
NRG Pro C5110S + 1.0 P
NRG SP 4100N 1.2 P
NRG SP 4100NL 1.2 P
NRG SP 4110N 1.2 P
NRG SP 4210N 1.2 P
NRG SP 4310N 1.1 P
NRG SP 5200DN 1.2 P
NRG SP 5200S 1.1 P
NRG SP 5210DN 1.2 P

NRG SP 5210SF 1.1 P
NRG SP 5210SR 1.1 P
NRG SP 6330N 1.1 P
NRG SP 8200DN 1.2 P
NRG SP 8300DN + 1.1 P
NRG SP C320DN 1.1 P
NRG SP C410DN 1.4 P
NRG SP C411DN 1.4 P
NRG SP C420DN 1.3 P
NRG SP C430DN 1.1 P
NRG SP C431DN 1.1 P
NRG SP C730DN + 1.1 P
NRG SP C811DN 1.2 P
NRG SP C820DN 1.3 P
NRG SP C821DN 1.3 P
Ricoh software

RICOH Aficio 3224C 1.2 P
RICOH Aficio CL1000N 1.10 P
RICOH Aficio CL3500N 1.2 P
RICOH Aficio CL4000DN 1.40 P
RICOH Aficio CL4000HDN 1.40 P
RICOH Aficio CL7100 1.1 P
RICOH Aficio Color5560 1.5 P
RICOH Aficio MP 171 1.1 P
RICOH Aficio MP 2550B 1.4 P

RICOH Aficio MP 6002 + 1.0 P

RICOH Aficio MP C2000 1.5 P
RICOH Aficio MP C300SR 1.0 P

RICOH Aficio MP C400SR 1.0 P
RICOH Aficio MP C4501A 1.0 P

RICOH Aficio MP W2401 1.0 P
RICOH Aficio MP W5100en 1.0 P
RICOH Aficio MP W7140en 1.0 P
RICOH Aficio SP 4100N 1.1 P
RICOH Aficio SP 4100NL 1.1 P
RICOH Aficio SP 5200DN 1.1 P
RICOH Aficio SP 5200S 1.0 P
RICOH Aficio SP 5210SF 1.0 P
RICOH Aficio SP 5210SR 1.0 P

RICOH Aficio SP 8300DN + 1.1 P
RICOH Aficio SP C320DN 1.0 P
RICOH Aficio SP C730DN + 1.1 P
RICOH imagio MP 1100 1.0 P
RICOH imagio MP 2550B 1.3 P

RICOH imagio MP 6002 + 1.0 P
RICOH imagio MP 7500T 1.3 P
RICOH imagio MP 8000T 1.3 P

RICOH imagio MP 9002T + 1.0 P
RICOH imagio MP C1500 1.3 P
RICOH imagio MP C4001A 1.0 P

RICOH imagio MP W2401 1.0 P
RICOH imagio MP W4001 + 1.0 P
RICOH imagio MP6001 1.2 P

RICOH imagio MP9001T 1.2 P
RICOH imagio Neo 250 1.1 P
RICOH imagio Neo 353D 1.1 P
RICOH imagio Neo 753T 1.1 P
RICOH imagio Neo C200 1.2 P
RICOH imagio Neo C600Pro 1.3 P
RICOH IPSiO Color 6000 1.6 P
RICOH IPSiO Color 6500 1.6 P
RICOH IPSiO CX2500 1.3 P

RICOH IPSiO NX650S 1.2 P
RICOH IPSiO NX660S 1.1 P
RICOH IPSiO NX750 1.2 P
RICOH IPSiO NX860e 1.1 P
RICOH IPSiO NX96e 1.1 P
RICOH IPSiO Pro100 1.1 P

RICOH IPSiO SP 4210 1.1 P
RICOH IPSiO SP 8300 + 1.1 P
RICOH IPSiO SP 8300M + 1.1 P
RICOH IPSiO SP 9100Pro 1.2 P
RICOH IPSiO SP C320 1.0 P
RICOH IPSiO SP C721M 1.4 P
RICOH IPSiO SP C730 + 1.1 P

RICOH IPSiO SP C730M + 1.1 P
RICOH MP 1301 JPN + 1.0 P
RICOH MP 1601 JPN + 1.0 P
RICOH MP 2001 + 1.0 P
RICOH MP 2501 + 1.0 P
RICOH MP C1500/615C 1.3 P
RICOH MP C3003 + 1.1 P
RICOH MP C3003 JPN + 1.1 P
RICOH MP C3003Z JPN + 1.1 P

RICOH MP C4503A JPN + 1.1 P
RICOH MP C4503AZ JPN + 1.1 P
RICOH MP C5503A JPN + 1.1 P
RICOH MP C5503AZ JPN + 1.1 P

RICOH MP CW1200 JPN + 1.0 P
RICOH MP CW2200 + 1.0 P
RICOH MP CW2200 JPN + 1.0 P
RICOH Pro 1107EX 1.2 P
RICOH Pro 1107EXP 1.2 P
RICOH Pro C5100S + 1.0 P
RICOH Pro C5100S JPN + 1.0 P
RICOH Pro C5110S + 1.0 P
RICOH Pro C5110S JPN + 1.0 P
Samsung software
Samsung CLP-300 1.1.01 P
Samsung CLP-310 Series 1.07.01 P

Samsung CLP-680 Series + 1.11.01 P
Samsung CLX-216x Series 2.00.01 P
Samsung CLX-3170 Series 1.06.01 P S
Samsung CLX-6260 Series + 1.11.01 P S
Samsung CLX-8385X Series 1.00.01 P S

Samsung CLX-8540X Series 1.00.01 P S
Samsung CLX-9250 9350 Series 1.23.01 P S
Samsung CLX-92x1 93x1 Series + 1.15.01 P S
Samsung MFP 65x Series 1.04.01 P
Samsung ML-1630 Series * 2.00.02 P
Samsung ML-1630W Series 1.02.01 P
Samsung ML-1640 Series 1.03.01 P
Samsung ML-1865W Series * 1.03.03 P
Samsung ML-191x 252x Series 1.08.01 P
Samsung ML-2525W Series * 4.00.04 P

Samsung ML-331x Series 1.09.01 P
Samsung ML-371x Series 1.11.01 P
Samsung ML-451x 501x Series * 1.12.07 P
Samsung ML-551x 651x Series 1.13.01 P
Samsung SCX-3200 Series 1.01.01 P
Samsung SCX-3400 Series * 1.04.07 P S
Samsung SCX-4300 Series * 1.02.02 P
Samsung SCX-4500 Series * 2.01.02 P
Samsung SCX-4500W Series 1.03.01 P
Samsung SCX-4600 Series 1.08.01 P S
Samsung SCX-4623FW Series 1.00.01 P S
Samsung SCX-4650 4x21S Series + 1.02.01 P S
Samsung SCX-470x Series * 1.00.07 P S
Samsung SCX-472x Series * 1.09.07 P S

Samsung SCX-483x 5x3x Series * 1.10.07 P S
Samsung SCX-4x24 Series 1.04.01 P S
Samsung SCX-5835 5935 Series 1.06.01 P S
Samsung SCX-5835 5935X Series 1.00.01 P S
Samsung SCX-6545X Series 1.00.01 P S
Samsung SCX-6x45 Series 2.20.01 P
Samsung SCX-6x55X Series 1.00.01 P
Samsung SCX-8030 8040 Series 1.17.01 P
Samsung SCX-8123 8128 Series + 1.12.01 P S
Samsung SF-760 Series * 1.04.07 P S
Savin software (Ricoh)
SAVIN 3406WD 1.1 P
SAVIN 5100WD 1.2 P
SAVIN 7140WD 1.2 P

SAVIN 8055 1.4 P
SAVIN 8065 1.4 P
SAVIN 8075 1.4 P
SAVIN 9025 1.5 P
SAVIN 9025b 1.5 P
SAVIN 9033 1.5 P
SAVIN 9033b 1.5 P
SAVIN 9040 1.2 P
SAVIN 9040b 1.2 P
SAVIN 9050 1.2 P
SAVIN 9050b 1.2 P
SAVIN 9060 1.1 P
SAVIN 9070 1.1 P
SAVIN 9080 1.1 P
SAVIN 9090 1.1 P
SAVIN 917 1.2 P
SAVIN 920 1.1 P
SAVIN 9228 1.1 P
SAVIN 9233 1.1 P

SAVIN 9240 1.1 P
SAVIN 9250 1.1 P
SAVIN C2020 1.6 P
SAVIN C230 1.1 P
SAVIN C230SR 1.1 P
SAVIN C240 1.1 P
SAVIN C240SR 1.1 P
SAVIN C2410 1.3 P
SAVIN C2525 1.6 P
SAVIN C2824 1.5 P
SAVIN C2828 1.3 P
SAVIN C3030 1.6 P
SAVIN C3210e 1.3 P
SAVIN C3333 1.3 P
SAVIN C3528 1.5 P
SAVIN C3535 1.4 P
SAVIN C4040 1.3 P
SAVIN C4535 1.5 P
SAVIN C4540 1.4 P

SAVIN C5050 1.3 P
SAVIN C6045 1.6 P
SAVIN C6055 1.3 P
SAVIN C7570 1.3 P
SAVIN C9020 1.2 P
SAVIN C9025 1.2 P
SAVIN C9065 1.2 P
SAVIN C9075 1.2 P
SAVIN C9120 1.1 P
SAVIN C9125 1.1 P
SAVIN C9130 1.1 P
SAVIN C9135 1.1 P
SAVIN C9145 1.1 P
SAVIN C9145A 1.1 P
SAVIN C9155 1.1 P
SAVIN C9155A 1.1 P
SAVIN CLP128 1.4 P
SAVIN CLP131DN 1.3 P
SAVIN CLP135 1.4 P

SAVIN CLP22 1.3 P
SAVIN CLP240D 1.2 P
SAVIN CLP26DN 1.4 P
SAVIN CLP27DN 1.4 P
SAVIN CLP31DN 1.4 P
SAVIN CLP340D 1.3 P
SAVIN CLP35 1.2 P
SAVIN CLP350D 1.3 P
SAVIN CLP37DN 1.1 P
SAVIN CLP42DN 1.1 P
SAVIN CLP831 1.2 P
SAVIN en5100WD 1.1 P
SAVIN en7140WD 1.1 P
SAVIN MLP150DN 1.2 P
SAVIN MLP235n 1.1 P
SAVIN MLP31n 1.2 P
SAVIN MLP31nL 1.2 P
SAVIN MLP36n 1.2 P
SAVIN MLP37N 1.2 P

SAVIN MP 2352 1.1 P
SAVIN MP 2501 + 1.0 P
SAVIN MP 2852 1.1 P
SAVIN MP 301 1.1 P
SAVIN MP 3352 1.1 P
SAVIN MP 4002 1.2 P
SAVIN MP 5002 1.2 P
SAVIN MP 6002 + 1.0 P
SAVIN MP 7502 + 1.0 P
SAVIN MP 9002 + 1.0 P
SAVIN MP C3002 1.3 P
SAVIN MP C3003 + 1.1 P
SAVIN MP C305 1.1 P
SAVIN MP C4502A 1.3 P

SAVIN MP C5502A 1.3 P
SAVIN MP CW2200 + 1.0 P
SAVIN Pro 1107EX 1.3 P
SAVIN Pro C5100S + 1.0 P
SAVIN Pro C5110S + 1.0 P
SAVIN SDC555 1.6 P
SAVIN SGC 1506 1.4 P
SAVIN SP 4310N 1.1 P
SAVIN SP 5200DN 1.2 P
SAVIN SP 5200S 1.1 P
SAVIN SP 5210DN 1.2 P
SAVIN SP 5210SF 1.1 P
SAVIN SP 5210SR 1.1 P

SAVIN SP 8300DN + 1.1 P
SAVIN SP C320DN 1.1 P
SAVIN SP C400DN 1.4 P
SAVIN SP C730DN + 1.1 P
Xerox software
Xerox 700 Digital Color Press + 2.94.1 P
Xerox 770 Digital Color Press + 2.94.1 P
Xerox Color 550 FFPS + 2.94.1 P
Xerox Color 550 XC + 2.94.1 P
Xerox Color 560 FFPS + 2.94.1 P
Xerox Color 560 XC + 2.94.1 P
Xerox Color C75 Press + 2.94.1 P
Xerox Color J75 Press + 2.94.1 P
Xerox ColorQube 8570DN + 2.94.1 P
Xerox ColorQube 8570DT + 2.94.1 P
Xerox ColorQube 8570DX + 2.94.1 P

Xerox ColorQube 8570N + 2.94.1 P
Xerox ColorQube 8700S + 2.94.1 P
Xerox ColorQube 8700X + 2.94.1 P
Xerox ColorQube 8700XF + 2.94.1 P
Xerox ColorQube 8870DN + 2.94.1 P
Xerox ColorQube 8900S + 2.94.1 P
Xerox ColorQube 8900X + 2.94.1 P
Xerox ColorQube 9201 + 2.94.1 P
Xerox D110 Copier-Printer + 2.94.1 P
Xerox D110 Copier-Printer FFPS + 2.94.1 P
Xerox D110 Printer FFPS + 2.94.1 P
Xerox D125 Printer FFPS + 2.94.1 P

Xerox DocuColor 24x + 2.94.1 P
Xerox DocuColor 25x + 2.94.1 P
Xerox DocuColor 260 + 2.94.1 P
Xerox FreeFlow 4112 CP Print Server + 2.94.1 P
Xerox FreeFlow 4112 EPS Print Server + 2.94.1 P
Xerox FreeFlow 4127 CP Print Server + 2.94.1 P
Xerox FreeFlow 4127 EPS Print Server + 2.94.1 P
Xerox FreeFlow C1000P + 2.94.1 P
Xerox FreeFlow C800P + 2.94.1 P
Xerox iGen 150 Press + 2.94.1 P
Xerox iGen3 + 2.94.1 P
Xerox iGen4 + 2.94.1 P
Xerox Nuvera EA DPS + 2.94.1 P

Xerox Phaser 3635MFP + 2.94.1 P
Xerox Phaser 4510B * 2.0.14 P
Xerox Phaser 4510DT * 2.0.14 P
Xerox Phaser 4510DX * 2.0.14 P
Xerox Phaser 4510N * 2.0.14 P
Xerox Phaser 4600 + 2.94.1 P
Xerox Phaser 4620 + 2.94.1 P
Xerox Phaser 5550DN * 2.0.14 P
Xerox Phaser 6350DP * 2.0.14 P

Xerox Phaser 6600DN + 2.94.1 P
Xerox Phaser 6600N + 2.94.1 P
Xerox Phaser 6700DT + 2.94.1 P
Xerox Phaser 6700DX + 2.94.1 P
Xerox Phaser 7400DXF * 2.0.14 P
Xerox Phaser 7500DT + 2.94.1 P

Xerox Phaser 7750DXF * 2.0.14 P
Xerox Phaser 7750GX * 2.0.14 P
Xerox Phaser 7760GX * 2.0.14 P
Xerox Phaser 7800GX + 2.94.1 P
Xerox Phaser 8550DP * 2.0.14 P
Xerox Phaser 8560MFP * 2.0.14 P

Xerox Phaser 8860 * 2.0.14 P
Xerox Phaser 8860MFP * 2.0.14 P
Xerox WC 7525 + 2.94.1 P
Xerox WC 7530 + 2.94.1 P
Xerox WC 7535 + 2.94.1 P
Xerox WC 7545 + 2.94.1 P
Xerox WC 7556 + 2.94.1 P
Xerox WorkCentre 4250 + 2.94.1 P
Xerox WorkCentre 5225A + 2.94.1 P
Xerox WorkCentre 5230A + 2.94.1 P


Xerox WorkCentre 6400S + 2.94.1 P
Xerox WorkCentre 6400X + 2.94.1 P
Xerox WorkCentre 6400XF + 2.94.1 P
Xerox WorkCentre 6605DN + 2.94.1 P
Xerox WorkCentre 6605N + 2.94.1 P

Xerox WorkCentre Pro C2128 + 2.94.1 P
Printer software no longer available through Software Update
Canon 320i
Canon 450i
Canon 455i
Canon 470PD
Canon 475PD
Canon 50i
Canon 550i
Canon 560i
Canon 6100i
Canon 6500i
Canon 80i
Canon 850i
Canon 860i
Canon 865R
Canon 900PD
Canon 9100i
Canon 950i
Canon 960i
Canon 9900i
Canon 990i
Canon BJ 535PD
Canon BJ 895PD
Canon BJ F6600
Canon BJ F890
Canon BJ F890PD
Canon BJ F900
Canon BJ F9000
Canon BJ F930
Canon BJ M70
Canon BJ S200
Canon BJ S300
Canon BJ S330
Canon BJ S500
Canon BJ S530
Canon BJ S6300
Canon BJ S700
Canon BJC-2100SP
Canon BJC-85
Canon DS700
Canon DS810
Canon i250
Canon i255
Canon i320
Canon i350
Canon i355
Canon i450
Canon i455
Canon i470D
Canon i475D
Canon i550
Canon i560
Canon i6100
Canon i6500
Canon i70
Canon i80
Canon i850
Canon i860
Canon i865
Canon i900D
Canon i905D
Canon i9100
Canon i950
Canon i960
Canon i965
Canon i990
Canon i9900
Canon i9950
Canon iP 1500
Canon iP 2000
Canon iP 3100
Canon iP 4100
Canon iP 4100R
Canon iP 6100D
Canon iP 7100
Canon iP 8100
Canon iP 8600
Canon iP1000
Canon iP1200
Canon iP1500
Canon iP1600
Canon iP1700
Canon iP2000
Canon iP2200
Canon iP3000
Canon iP3300
Canon iP4000
Canon iP4000R
Canon iP4200
Canon iP5000
Canon iP5200
Canon iP5200R
Canon iP5300
Canon iP6000D
Canon iP6210D
Canon iP6220D
Canon iP6310D
Canon iP6320D
Canon iP6600D
Canon iP7500
Canon iP8500
Canon iP9910
Canon mini220
Canon mini260
Canon MP110
Canon MP130
Canon MP150
Canon MP160
Canon MP170
Canon MP450
Canon MP500
Canon MP600
Canon MP750
Canon MP760
Canon MP770
Canon MP780
Canon MP790
Canon MP800
Canon MP800R
Canon MP810
Canon MP900
Canon MP950
Canon MP960
Canon S100
Canon S100SP
Canon S200
Canon S200SP
Canon S300
Canon S330
Canon S4500
Canon S520
Canon S530D
Canon S6300
Canon S750
Canon S820
Canon S820D
Canon S830D
Canon S900
Canon S9000
HP Designjet 1050C PS3

HP Designjet 1055CM PS3
HP Designjet 110plus
HP Designjet 110plus nr
HP Designjet 30
HP Designjet 30n
HP Designjet 4000ps
HP Designjet 4500mfp
HP Designjet 4500ps
HP Designjet 500 - 24 inches
HP Designjet 500+HPGL2 - 24 inches
HP Designjet 500+HPGL2 - 42 inches
HP Designjet 5000PS
HP Designjet 500PS - 24 inches
HP Designjet 500PS - 42 inches
HP Designjet 500PS+HPGL2 - 24 inches
HP Designjet 500PS+HPGL2 - 42 inches
HP Designjet 5500ps
HP Designjet 70
HP Designjet 800PS
HP Designjet 90
HP Designjet 90r
Tektronix Phaser 750DP
Tektronix Phaser 750DX
Tektronix Phaser 750N
Tektronix Phaser 750P
Tektronix Phaser 850DP
Tektronix Phaser 850DX
Tektronix Phaser 850N
Xerox DocuPrint N2125 PS
Xerox DocuPrint N4525 PS
Xerox Phaser 1235 PS
Xerox Phaser 4400B

Xerox Phaser 4400DT
Xerox Phaser 4400DX
Xerox Phaser 4400N
Xerox Phaser 4500B
Xerox Phaser 4500DT
Xerox Phaser 4500DX
Xerox Phaser 4500N
Xerox Phaser 5400
Xerox Phaser 5500B
Xerox Phaser 5500DN
Xerox Phaser 5500DT
Xerox Phaser 5500DX
Xerox Phaser 5500N
Xerox Phaser 6130N
Xerox Phaser 6180DN
Xerox Phaser 6180MFP-D
Xerox Phaser 6180MFP-N
Xerox Phaser 6180N
Xerox Phaser 6200B

Xerox Phaser 6200DP
Xerox Phaser 6200DX
Xerox Phaser 6200N
Xerox Phaser 6250B
Xerox Phaser 6250DP
Xerox Phaser 6250DT
Xerox Phaser 6250DX
Xerox Phaser 6250N
Xerox Phaser 6280DN
Xerox Phaser 6280DT
Xerox Phaser 6280N
Xerox Phaser 7300B
Xerox Phaser 7300DT
Xerox Phaser 7300DX
Xerox Phaser 7300N
Xerox Phaser 7700DN
Xerox Phaser 7700DX
Xerox Phaser 7700GX
Xerox Phaser 7750B

Xerox Phaser 7750DN
Xerox Phaser 7750DXF
Xerox Phaser 7750GX
Xerox Phaser 7760DN
Xerox Phaser 7760DX
Xerox Phaser 7760GX
Xerox Phaser 8200B
Xerox Phaser 8200DP
Xerox Phaser 8200DX
Xerox Phaser 8200N
Xerox Phaser 8400B
Xerox Phaser 8400BD
Xerox Phaser 8400DP
Xerox Phaser 8400DX
Xerox Phaser 8400N
Xerox Phaser 860B
Xerox Phaser 860DP
Xerox Phaser 860DX
Xerox Phaser 860N

Xerox WorkCentre C2424
Xerox WorkCentre M20i
Apple
Store
Mac
iPod
iPhone
iPad
iTunes
Support
Languages
Troubleshooting printer issues in OS X

Symptoms
Use this article to troubleshoot printer issues in OS
X.
Resolution
USB printers and Bonjour-enabled network printers
Follow these steps until the issue is addressed:
1. Make sure that the printer is powered on, has ink / toner, and that
there are no alerts on the printers control panel. Note: If you cannot
clear an alert on the printer's control panel, stop here and check the
printer's documentation or contact the manufacturer for support.
2. Ensure the printer is properly connected to a USB port on the Mac or

AirPort base station / Time Capsule. If the printer is a network-
capable printer, make sure that it is properly connected to your home
network.
3. Use Software Update to find and install the latest available updates.
If an update is installed, see if the issue persists.
4. Open the Print & Scan pane or Print & Fax (Snow Leopard) pane in
System Preferences.
5. Delete the affected printer, then add the printer again.
If the issue persists, try these additional steps:
1. Reset the printing system, then add the printer again.
2. If the issue still persists, reset the printing system again. Download
and install your printer's drivers. Then, add the printer again.
3. Contact the printer vendor or visit their website for further

assistance.
Note: If your printer is wireless-capable, you should first add the printer to your
network. Use the printer's control panel, or temporarily connect the printer to your Mac
via USB. For more details, see this article.
For information about adding a printer and other topics, see these articles:
Mac Basics: Printing in OS X Mountain Lion & OS X Lion
USB printer troubleshooting for AirPort

Express, AirPort Extreme, and AirPort
Time Capsule
Symptoms
Your USB printer may work the way you expected it

to when connected to your computer, but not when
it's connected to your AirPort Express, AirPort
Extreme or AirPort Time Capsule for printer sharing.
Note: AirPort Express, AirPort Extreme and AirPort

Time Capsule printer sharing is for printing only, not
for printer utilities or other special features that may
require a direct USB connection.
Resolution
Check for software updates
Be sure that you have the most recent OS X or iOS software updates, and the latest
firmware for your AirPort product before trying to print.
Note: Printing via an iOS device requires an AirPrint enabled printer. Refer to AirPrint
Basics for a list of AirPrint enabled printers.
Disconnect and reconnect
1. Disconnect the AirPort Express, AirPort Extreme or AirPort Time

Capsule from a power outlet.
2. Turn off the printer.
3. Be sure the USB cable from the printer is connected to the AirPort
Express, AirPort Extreme or AirPort Time Capsule.
4. Turn on the printer.
5. Reconnect the AirPort Express, AirPort Extreme or AirPort Time

Capsule to a power outlet and wait for it to become ready.
6. Try to print.
Check your printer driver
Check the website of the printer's manufacturer for the latest driver version.
Reset Printing System
Use these steps on your Mac if the above steps do not help.
1. Open System Preferences > Print & Fax preferences.
2. Control-click or right-click in the Printers section on the left.
3. Choose Reset printing system....
4. Click OK.
5. Click the + button to add your printer again.
6. Try to print.
Still not working?

If your printer still doesn't work with AirPort Express, AirPort Extreme or AirPort Time
Capsule printer sharing, but does work when directly connected to your Mac, contact the
printer manufacturer for additional information and to verify that printer sharing is
supported.
Refer to this article for additional help setting up a USB printer on your Wi-Fi network.
Refer to AirPrint Setup and Troubleshooting for additional AirPrint help for your iPhone or
iPad.
Transferring Files
Learn how you can migrate your existing Microsoft Windows files or Windows system to your Mac.
Migrate your Windows files or system to your Mac
Learn how you can transfer your existing Microsoft Windows files or Windows system to your
Mac.
About Windows Migration Assistant
Learn about how to use Windows Migration Assistant to migrate your files from a Windows PC
to a Mac.
Use Migration Assistant to transfer files from another Mac

You can use Migration Assistant in OS X Lion and Mountain Lion to transfer important
information, such as user accounts, applications, network and computer settings, and files,
from one Mac to ...
Switch Basics: Migrate your Windows

files or system to your Mac
Learn how you can transfer your existing Microsoft
Windows files or Windows system to your Mac.
You don't have to start your Mac life from scratchyou can transfer over many of your PC files and use them just like you
have before
You can easily move your Windows files to your new Mac and use them with Mac
applications. Macs can open many different kinds of files from your PC, as long as you
have appropriate software installed that can interpret them.
For example, you can move all of your Microsoft Office documents to your Mac if you
have Microsoft Office for Mac OS X installedOffice functions almost exactly the same
on a Mac as it does on a PC. Also, iWork applications (Pages, Numbers, and Keynote) can
use and export many Microsoft Office file types.
Likewise, you can move any Photoshop (.psd) file to your Mac and open it as long as you
have Adobe Photoshop (or Photoshop Elements) for Mac installed (Photoshop has many
of the same interface on both platforms), or another third-party app that can read .psd
files. Ditto for your Quicken, FileMaker Pro, Macromedia Studio, QuarkXPress,
QuickBooks, and other application files; if you have a Mac version of the software, you
can open your old PC files.
For audio files (MP3, WAV, AAC QuickTime, AIFF, and so on), image files (JPEG, PDF, TIFF,
GIF, RAW, and the like), or movie files (MPEG-4, DV, Flash, AVI, QuickTime, and more),
you can move practically all of them to your Mac. You can use iTunes or QuickTime
Player (included with your Mac) to play almost any audio file, iPhoto or Preview to view
practically any image file, and QuickTime Player to watch most movie files.
If you're unsure that a manufacturer makes a Mac version of your Windows software,
you can either visit the manufacturer's website or check out Apple Downloads, Apple
Store, or Mac App Store to see numerous products made for Mac. Check your software
install discs toosome manufacturers release both Mac and Windows versions of the
software in the same package.
Use Migration Assistant
Migration Assistant helps you easily transfer your files from your PC to your Mac (or to
another Mac). You can transfer your Windows user accountincluding your pictures,
music, and files.
When you log in to your transferred user account, you'll find your information just where
you'd expect it to be:
Your custom desktop picture from your PC is set as your desktop
picture (unless it is a trademarked Microsoft picture).
Your email accounts, which include your email messages and

attachments, are set up in Mail.
Your contacts are in Contacts.
Your calendar accounts, which include your meetings and events, are
set up in Calendar.
Your web browser's bookmarks, favorites, and homepage are set up in

Safari.
Your iPhone, iPad, and iPod touch apps you bought in iTunes on your
PC are in iTunes on your Mac. If your music was in iTunes on your PC,
your music is also on iTunes on your Mac.
Your files from My Documents (Documents), My Videos (Videos), My

Music (Music), or My Pictures (Pictures) folders are in the Documents,
Movies, Music, or Pictures folders in Finder.
Your files from the PC's desktop are now on your Mac's desktop.
Transfer information from your PC over your wired or wireless network
To move files using Migration Assistant to your Mac from your PC on the same network.
1. Make sure both computers are turned on and connected to your
network.
2. Open Migration Assistant on your PC. If you don't have Windows

Migration Assistant on your PC, you can download if from the Apple
website and install it.
3. Click Continue.
4. On your Mac, open Migration Assistant by clicking Launchpad in the

Dock and typing Migration Assistant in the search field.
5. When you're asked how you want to transfer your information,

choose "From another Mac, PC, Time Machine backup, or other disk".
6. Click Continue.
7. When prompted, enter your name and password.
8. When prompted, click Continue to quit other applications. Other

applications can't be open on your Mac during the transfer.
9. Select "From another Mac or PC".
10. Click Continue.
11. Your PC appears, then click Continue.
12. On your PC you should see the passcode that was displayed on the
Mac, then click Continue.
13. On your Mac, select the information you want to transfer to your Mac,
then click Continue.
If you transferred a user account from your Windows PC to your Mac, you can log into
the account on your Mac. Note: When you first log in, you are prompted to enter a new
password for the user account.
Manually migrating
If you prefer to move your files one by one between a Mac and a PC, consider the
following options. Some are easier than others, and some require more computer
experience, equipment, or resources.
Generally, you can migrate your files to the Mac by:
Copying the files from your PC onto external or removable storage

media and then use that media in your Mac to transfer the files to
your hard drive.
Sending files over the Internet. If you have an email account, just
send the files to yourself from the PC and then pick the mail up on
your Mac and save the attached files to your Mac hard drive. You may
want to compress larger groups of files first.
Connecting the Mac and PC together th

Boot Camp: About keyboards and key
assignment for Microsoft Windows
Learn how Microsoft Windows and Mac keyboards are
different and how some keys may function differently
between OS X and Windows.
In the example below, the top keyboard is a Mac keyboard and the bottom is a typical
Windows keyboard. The blue highlighted keys have unique functions specific to the
operating system for which they are designed. Some of the keys on the Mac keyboard
are temporarily reassigned to a different function when you start in Windows on your
Mac. Specific details are given in the tables later in this article.
Example Mac keyboard
Example Windows keyboard
Windows needs Apple keyboard support drivers

After you install Windows, you need to install Windows support software which includes
the Mac drivers and other support software required for Windows to understand the
Extended Function keys on Apple keyboards. See the Boot Camp Installation & Setup
Guide to learn how to install the support software.
Using a Windows keyboard in Mac OS X

Although Apple doesn't support the use of Windows keyboards, Microsoft provides a
keyboard mapping article for attempting to use a Windows Keyboard in Mac OS X.
About character mapping in Windows for international keyboards
You can determine the key combinations used to access unique characters for the
language and region your Apple keyboard is designed to support:
1. Download, install, and open the Microsoft Keyboard Layout Creator.

This allows you to view any of the supported Apple-specific keyboard
layouts that were installed in Windows.
2. Choose File > Load Existing Keyboard
3. Select the keyboard you want to see. Locate the country name in the
keyboard list which is followed by "(Apple)".
4. Follow the instructions provided with the application. You can print
images of the keyboard in various states (such as when holding the
Shift key).
Which keyboard do I have?
Find your keyboard below in order to use the reference tables below.
Apple Keyboard with Numeric Keypad

Original MacBook Pro
MacBook Pro Apple Pro Keyboard
Apple USB and Apple Wireless Typical Windows Keyboard

How Microsoft Windows Function keys are mapped to Apple keyboards
This table shows the keyboard functions specific to Microsoft Windows and the
equivalent key combinations as they are mapped to Apple keyboards.
Apple Keyboard Apple USB &

Windows Apple Pro MacBook Pro
Function with Numeric Wireless
Keyboard keyboard keyboard
Keypad keyboard
Windows Command
Command () Command () Command ()
logo ()
Enter Enter Return Return Return Return
Backspace/
Backspace Delete Delete Delete Delete
Delete
Alt (left) Alt (left) Option Option Option Option
Option + Option +
Alt Gr (right) Alt (right) Option + Control Option + Control
Control Control
fn + Shift +
Print Screen Print Screen F14 F14 fn + Shift + F11
F11
Print active Alt + Print Option + F14 Option + fn + Shift + Option fn + Shift +
window Screen
F14 + F11 Option + F11
fn + Shift +
Scroll Lock Scroll Lock fn + Shift + F12 F15 fn + Shift + F12
F12
Pause/Break Pause fn + ESC F16 fn + Esc fn + Esc
Insert Insert fn + Enter Help
Number Lock Num Lock Clear Clear fn- F6
Forward
Delete Delete Delete Delete fn + Delete
Delete
Applications
logo
How Mac keyboards are mapped for the Numeric keypad
Apple external keyboards with built-in numeric keypads as well as original MacBook Pro
keyboards provide the same functionality as Microsoft-compatible numeric keypads.
Function Apple Keyboard with Numeric Apple Pro MacBook Pro

Keypad keyboard keyboard
(with Num Lock
off)
Page Up Page Up 9 fn +
Page Down Page Down 3 fn +
Insert fn + Enter 0
Decimal Point . . . 1
Delete fn + . fn + .1
Up arrow 8+ 8 1
Down arrow 2+ 2 1
Left arrow 4+ 4 1
Right arrow 6+ 6 1
Home Home 7 fn +
End End 1
How Microsoft Windows Function keys are mapped to OS X Extended Function

Keys
You can use the Extended Function keys (located along the top of your Apple keyboard)
in Windows. In the table below, a checkmark indicates that your keyboard supports a
function in Windows. Note: This requires the Windows support software drivers to be
installed. See the Boot Camp Installation & Setup Guide to learn how to install the
support software.
Apple
Apple keyboard Apple USB, MacBook
Pro
Pro
Key Key Name
with numeric & Wireless
keyboar
keypad keyboard keyboard
d
Reduce display brightness F14
Increase display brightness F15
Mission Control
Launchpad
Dashboard
Function
Keyboard brightness on/off

toggle
Reduce keyboard brightness

Increase keyboard

brightness
Play/Pause
Previous track
Next track
Mute toggle
Volume down
Volume up
Media eject
Media eject (2nd optical Option +

Option + Option + Option +
drive)
For more information and installation requirements for Microsoft Keyboard Layout
Creator, see this Microsoft article.
Last Modified: Mar 14, 2013
Mac Basics: Using Windows on your Mac

via Boot Camp
Boot Camp lets you run Microsoft Windows on your
Mac. Learn how Boot Camp runs Windows and what
the installation requirements are.
Have a Windows application you need to use once in a while? No problem. Every new
Mac lets you install and run Windows at native speeds, using a built-in utility called Boot
Camp. Setup is simple and safe for your Mac files. After youve completed the
installation, you can boot up your Mac using either OS X or Windows.
Run Windows at native speed
You can run the Windows operating system on your Mac at native speedwithout the
performance penalty that comes with software emulation or "virtual machines."
Windows applications have full access to multiple processors and multiple cores,
accelerated 3D graphics, and high-speed ports and networking such as USB, FireWire,
Wi-Fi, AirPort, and Gigabit Ethernet as well as drivers for audio and Bluetooth
functionality. If you're using Mac OS X v10.5 or Mac OS X v10.6, the Boot Camp support
software is on the Mac OS X installation DVD. After the installation of Windows is
complete and you insert your installation flash drive or disc containing the Boot Camp
support software (while booted in Windows), it is automatically installed on your Mac.
Depending on your computers hardware and OS X version, Boot Camp supports

Microsoft Windows Windows XP with Service Pack 2, Windows Vista, Windows 7, or
Windows 8. For more details, see Boot Camp: System requirements for Microsoft
Windows. For information about using 64-bit editions of Windows, see this article.
Boot Camp Assistant creates a partition just for Windows without erasing your existing
OS X volume.
After installation, you can switch between Windows and OS X by holding the Option (Alt)
key at start up. Or, use the Startup Disk control panel in Windows (installed with Boot
Camp support software) or the OS X Startup Disk preference pane to set the default
operating system to use each time the computer starts up.
Requirements
To use Boot Camp, you need:
1. An Intel-based Mac with a built-in or external USB keyboard, and a

built-in trackpad or USB mouse.
2. Mac OS X v10.5 or later.
3. The latest firmware updates available for your Mac.
4. Boot Camp Assistant, which is located in /Applications/Utilities/ . You

can also open Launchpad and type Boot Camp Assistant in the search
field.
5. Supported Windows installation media. Boot Camp does not include

Windows.
6. For additional requirements, see Boot Camp: System requirements

for Microsoft Windows
Notes
OS X Mountain Lion and OS X Lion only support new installations of

Windows.
Mac OS X v10.6 or later is required for Windows 7 installations.
Before installing Boot Camp
Before you install, follow these steps:
1. Always back up important data before any software installation.
2. Print the "Boot Camp Installation & Setup Guide" (OS X Mountain Lion
and OS X Lion versions, Mac OS X v10.6 version, or Mac OS X v10.5
version) document.
3. Update your Intel-based Mac to the latest version of OS X.
4. Download and install the latest firmware updates available for your
Mac. Follow the onscreen instructions to complete the firmware
installation.
Installing Boot Camp
For specific installation steps, refer to the "Boot Camp Installation & Setup Guide" PDF
document that you printed, starting with Step 2 in the PDF. For Windows 7, you may wish
to also read the this article.
Note: OS X Mountain Lion and OS X Lion only support new installations of Windows.
See also: Boot Camp 4.0, OS X Mountain Lion and OS X Lion: Frequently asked questions
and Boot Camp 3.0, Mac OS X v10.6: Frequently asked questions.
Important: Apple does not provide technical phone support for installing, using, or
recovering Microsoft Windows. Support is available for using Boot Camp Setup Assistant,
as well as installing or restoring Boot Camp software while booted into Windows. Support
articles and discussions may also be available on Apple's support website.
Switch Basics: Migrate your Windows

files or system to your Mac
Learn how you can transfer your existing Microsoft
Windows files or Windows system to your Mac.
You don't have to start your Mac life from scratchyou can transfer over many of your PC files and use them just like you
have before
You can easily move your Windows files to your new Mac and use them with Mac
applications. Macs can open many different kinds of files from your PC, as long as you
have appropriate software installed that can interpret them.
For example, you can move all of your Microsoft Office documents to your Mac if you
have Microsoft Office for Mac OS X installedOffice functions almost exactly the same
on a Mac as it does on a PC. Also, iWork applications (Pages, Numbers, and Keynote) can
use and export many Microsoft Office file types.
Likewise, you can move any Photoshop (.psd) file to your Mac and open it as long as you
have Adobe Photoshop (or Photoshop Elements) for Mac installed (Photoshop has many
of the same interface on both platforms), or another third-party app that can read .psd
files. Ditto for your Quicken, FileMaker Pro, Macromedia Studio, QuarkXPress,
QuickBooks, and other application files; if you have a Mac version of the software, you
can open your old PC files.
For audio files (MP3, WAV, AAC QuickTime, AIFF, and so on), image files (JPEG, PDF, TIFF,
GIF, RAW, and the like), or movie files (MPEG-4, DV, Flash, AVI, QuickTime, and more),
you can move practically all of them to your Mac. You can use iTunes or QuickTime
Player (included with your Mac) to play almost any audio file, iPhoto or Preview to view
practically any image file, and QuickTime Player to watch most movie files.
If you're unsure that a manufacturer makes a Mac version of your Windows software,
you can either visit the manufacturer's website or check out Apple Downloads, Apple
Store, or Mac App Store to see numerous products made for Mac. Check your software
install discs toosome manufacturers release both Mac and Windows versions of the
software in the same package.
Use Migration Assistant

Migration Assistant helps you easily transfer your files from your PC to your Mac (or to
another Mac). You can transfer your Windows user accountincluding your pictures,
music, and files.
When you log in to your transferred user account, you'll find your information just where
you'd expect it to be:
Your custom desktop picture from your PC is set as your desktop

picture (unless it is a trademarked Microsoft picture).
Your email accounts, which include your email messages and

attachments, are set up in Mail.
Your contacts are in Contacts.
Your calendar accounts, which include your meetings and events, are
set up in Calendar.
Your web browser's bookmarks, favorites, and homepage are set up in
Safari.
Your iPhone, iPad, and iPod touch apps you bought in iTunes on your
PC are in iTunes on your Mac. If your music was in iTunes on your PC,
your music is also on iTunes on your Mac.
Your files from My Documents (Documents), My Videos (Videos), My

Music (Music), or My Pictures (Pictures) folders are in the Documents,
Movies, Music, or Pictures folders in Finder.
Your files from the PC's desktop are now on your Mac's desktop.
Transfer information from your PC over your wired or wireless network
To move files using Migration Assistant to your Mac from your PC on the same network.
1. Make sure both computers are turned on and connected to your
network.
2. Open Migration Assistant on your PC. If you don't have Windows

Migration Assistant on your PC, you can download if from the Apple
website and install it.
3. Click Continue.
4. On your Mac, open Migration Assistant by clicking Launchpad in the

Dock and typing Migration Assistant in the search field.
5. When you're asked how you want to transfer your information,

choose "From another Mac, PC, Time Machine backup, or other disk".
6. Click Continue.
7. When prompted, enter your name and password.
8. When prompted, click Continue to quit other applications. Other

applications can't be open on your Mac during the transfer.
9. Select "From another Mac or PC".
10. Click Continue.
11. Your PC appears, then click Continue.
12. On your PC you should see the passcode that was displayed on the
Mac, then click Continue.
13. On your Mac, select the information you want to transfer to your Mac,
If you transferred a user account from your Windows PC to your Mac, you can log into
the account on your Mac. Note: When you first log in, you are prompted to enter a new
password for the user account.
Manually migrating
If you prefer to move your files one by one between a Mac and a PC, consider the
following options. Some are easier than others, and some require more computer
experience, equipment, or resources.
Generally, you can migrate your files to the Mac by:
Copying the files from your PC onto external or removable storage

media and then use that media in your Mac to transfer the files to
your hard drive.
Sending files over the Internet. If you have an email account, just
send the files to yourself from the PC and then pick the mail up on
your Mac and save the attached files to your Mac hard drive. You may
want to compress larger groups of files first.
Connecting the Mac and PC together th

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How to use Migration Assistant to

transfer files from another Mac
You can use Migration Assistant in OS X Lion and
Mountain Lion to transfer important information,
such as user accounts, applications, network and
computer settings, and files, from one Mac to
another via a FireWire cable, ThunderBolt cable, or
via an Ethernet or wireless network.
Notes
The instructions in this article refer to Migration Assistant, but they also apply to
migrations performed using the Setup Assistant.
Setup Assistant opens the first time you start up your new Mac; it helps you enter
your Internet information and set up a user account on your computer.
If you don't use Setup Assistant to transfer information when you first setup your
new Mac, you can do it later using Migration Assistant as described below.
This article only applies to migrating from one Mac to another. For assistance with
performing a migration from a Windows PC to a Mac, please see About Windows
Migration Assistant.
If you purchased content from the iTunes Store--and won't continue to use your
Apple ID with iTunes on the old computer--you should deauthorize your old
computer.
There are several ways to transfer information from one computer to another with
Migration Assistant:
FireWire or ThunderBolt (if your Mac has these ports)
Wireless (Wi-Fi) or Ethernet (if your Mac has an Ethernet port or adapter)
Time Machine backup or other disk
Before you begin the migration
Migrating using FireWire or ThunderBolt
Wireless (Wi-Fi) or Ethernet migration

Time Machine or other disk migration
Migration from Mac OS X v10.4 Tiger to OS X Lion
Migration from Mac OS X Tiger v10.4 to OS X Mountain Lion v10.8 or later
If you are having issues migrating using your Ethernet or wireless network
Learn what to do if a migrated application does not open or function correctly.
If your source computer has FileVault enabled, you should re-enable FileVault on the
target computer after migration.
How to use Migration Assistant to

transfer files from another Mac
You can use Migration Assistant in OS X Lion and
Mountain Lion to transfer important information,
such as user accounts, applications, network and
computer settings, and files, from one Mac to
another via a FireWire cable, ThunderBolt cable, or
via an Ethernet or wireless network.
Notes
The instructions in this article refer to Migration Assistant, but they also apply to
migrations performed using the Setup Assistant.
Setup Assistant opens the first time you start up your new Mac; it helps you enter
your Internet information and set up a user account on your computer.
If you don't use Setup Assistant to transfer information when you first setup your
new Mac, you can do it later using Migration Assistant as described below.
This article only applies to migrating from one Mac to another. For assistance with
performing a migration from a Windows PC to a Mac, please see About Windows
Migration Assistant.
If you purchased content from the iTunes Store--and won't continue to use your
Apple ID with iTunes on the old computer--you should deauthorize your old
computer.
There are several ways to transfer information from one computer to another with
Migration Assistant:
FireWire or ThunderBolt (if your Mac has these ports)
Wireless (Wi-Fi) or Ethernet (if your Mac has an Ethernet port or adapter)
Time Machine backup or other disk
Before you begin the migration
If you're using a portable Mac, make sure the power cable is connected.
Run Software Update on both the source and destination computers to confirm
that the latest updates are installed.
On the source (original) Mac, make sure that you have the latest versions of any
third-party software.
On the source Mac, open System Preferences, click Sharing, and make sure there
is a name in the Computer Name field.
Do not let either computer go to sleep while you are attempting to migrate. To
disable sleep:
1. Choose System Preferences from the Apple () menu.
2. Choose Energy Saver from the View menu.
3. Adjust the "Computer sleep:" slider to Never.
To use Ethernet for migration, connect the two computers with a single Ethernet
cable; you don't need to connect the computers to a hub, switch, or router. This
may be faster than using a wireless connection. For the best experience, be sure to
attach your source and target Macs to the wired network before you start.
If you choose a wireless migration, make sure you are on the best wireless
connection available. Use the Signal Strength meter in the upper right corner of
your screen to find a location that provides the best signal to your source computer
before you start. You may also want to eliminate potential sources of interference as
well. The best wireless migration experience will be on an 802.11n network.
Migrating using FireWire or ThunderBolt
Note: If you are migrating from Mac OS X v10.4 to OS X Lion, see the Additional
Information section below. Migrating from OS X Tiger v10.4 or earlier to OS X Mountain
Lion v10.8 or later using Migration Assistant is not supported; see the Additional
Information section below for more information.
1. Make sure both computers are connected via FireWire or ThunderBolt before
starting. If you connect the cables after Migration Assistant is already running, the
source computer may not be properly detected.
2. Restart the source (original) Mac while pressing and holding the "T" key.
3. Open Migration Assistant (located in /Applications/Utilities/) on the target Mac,

4. When the target Mac asks you for a migration method, select "From another Mac,
PC, Time Machine backup, or other disk", and click Continue.
5. Type in your admin password when prompted, and click OK.

6. Select "From a Time Machine backup or other disk".
7. Select the system that you would like to migrate.

8. Your target Mac will ask you to select items to migrate.
9. You can customize your selection by clicking to expand the disclosure triangles.
10. After you click Continue, the Migration Assistant will begin to transfer files to your
new Mac. The amount of time that it takes for migration to complete depends on
the amount of data being transferred.
Note: To view documents that were migrated, choose Log Out from the Apple ()
menu, then login as the migrated user. The migrated documents will be located in the
migrated user's home folder.
Wireless (Wi-Fi) or Ethernet migration
1. Make sure that the source Mac and target Macs are connected to the same
network, either wirelessly or via Ethernet. (You can directly connect the two Macs
via an Ethernet cable if both are Ethernet capable. To make MacBook Air Ethernet
capable, connect using the Apple USB Ethernet Adapter.)
2. If Migration Assistant isn't running on the target (new) Mac, open Migration
Assistant (located in /Applications/Utilities/), then click Continue.
3. On the target Mac select "From another Mac, PC, Time Machine backup or other
disk"
4. Type in your admin password when prompted and click OK.

5. When the target Mac asks you for a migration method, select "From another Mac
or PC ", then click Continue.
6. You will see a screen looking for Other Computers.

7. On the source Mac, open Migration Assistant (located in /Applications/Utilities/),
select "To Another Mac", and select Continue.
9. On the Target Mac, close all other applications, then click Continue to start the
migration options.
10. A passcode should appear on the target Mac in the Connect Your Computers
screen, as shown below.
11. On the source Mac, confirm that the password matches and click Continue.
12. On the source Mac, close all other applications, then click Continue to start the
migration options.
13. The target Mac will prompt you to Select Items to Migrate.
14. You can customize your selection by clicking to expand the disclosure triangles.
15. After you click Continue, the Migration Assistant will begin to transfer files to the
target Mac. The amount of time that it takes for migration to complete depends on
the amount of data being transferred and the speed of the network.
Time Machine or other disk migration
1. If Migration Assistant isn't running on the target (new) Mac, open Migration
Assistant (located in /Applications/Utilities/), select "From another Mac, PC, Time
Machine backup, or other disk" then click Continue.
2. Connect your external hard drive if necessary.

4. When the target Mac asks you for a migration method, select "From a Time
Machine backup or other disk", then click Continue.
5. Select the Drive, Time Machine backup, or Time Capsule. If you select Time
Capsule you will be prompted to enter the Time Capsule password. After entering
the password, select the Time Machine backup.
6. Close all other applications on the source Mac, then click Continue to start the
migration options.
7. The source Mac will ask you to select items to migrate.
8. You can customize your selection by clicking to open the disclosure triangles.
9. After you click Continue, the Migration Assistant will begin to transfer files to the
target Mac. The amount of time that it takes for migration to complete depends on
the amount of data being transferred and the speed of the network.
Migration from Mac OS X v10.4 Tiger to OS X Lion
Migration from Mac OS X v10.4 computers to OS X Lion over your Wi-Fi or a wired
network is not supported. However, if both Macs are equipped with a FireWire port, you
can use Target Disk Mode to transfer your data:
1. Verify that both Macs are equipped with a FireWire port. Note that different model
Macs may have different FireWire connectors, which will require an appropriate
cable, such as FireWire 400 to FireWire 800.
2. On the Mac you want to transfer data from, Restart, and immediately hold the T
key.
3. Wait for the FireWire logo to appear on the screen. If it does not, restart and try
again.
4. Connect both Macs via the FireWire cable.
5. On the Mac you want to transfer data to, Open the Migration Assistant
application.
6. Select the option "From another Mac, PC, Time Machine backup, or other disk"
and click Continue.
7. Select the option "From a Time Machine backup or other disk" and click Continue.
8. Select your other Mac's volume, such as "Macintosh HD", from the list, and click
Continue
Migration from Mac OS X Tiger v10.4 to OS X Mountain Lion v10.8 or later

Migrating from OS X Tiger v10.4 to OS X Mountain Lion v10.8 or later is not supported
and is not expected to complete via Migration Assistant. For upgrades from OS X Tiger or
older to OS X Mountain Lion or later, you can make a standard file sharing connection
and manually copy your files. Recommended folders to transfer from your Home folder
on the old computer to the new computer are:
Documents
Music
Movies
Pictures
Desktop
Copy these folders and any others you'd like to transfer to the same locations on the
new computer. For more information regarding file sharing in OS X, see Mac Basics - File
sharing. Note: Copying any data files from your user Library folder to the new computer
could have unexpected results.
If you are having issues migrating using your Ethernet or wireless network
Try migrating by using Internet Sharing from your source computer.
1. Set up a home connection from your source computer.
2. Choose System Preferences from the Apple () menu, then Sharing from the
View menu.
3. Select Internet Sharing.
4. Select a network service from the Share your connection from menu. Do not
choose Wi-Fi for this step.
Note: You can use built-in FireWire or ThunderBolt for example. You do not need to
be connected to the Internet to transmit data for data migration.
5. Select Wi-Fi to share your Internet connection from the To computers using list.
6. Click Wi-Fi Options and give your network a name and password.
7. On your target computer, connect to the Wi-Fi network you created.
Learn what to do if a migrated application does not open or function correctly.
If your source computer has FileVault enabled, you should re-enable FileVault on the
target computer after
Archived - Intel-based Mac: Some

migrated applications may need to be
updated
This article has been archived and is no longer updated by Apple.
Symptoms
After using Migration Assistant or Setup Assistant to

migrate applications from a PowerPC-based Mac to
an Intel-based Mac, some of the migrated
applications may not launch or function correctly.
Resolution
If you find an application that does not open or function correctly, use the steps found in
Intel-based Mac: How to tell if an application is Universal to see if the application is
Universal. If the application is PowerPC (not Universal), check to see if a newer version of
the application exists that may work better with Intel-based Macs.
When Migration Assistant or Setup Assistant is used to migrate applications between two
computers, it will bring over any applications it finds on the source computer that are
not already installed on the destination computer. In some cases, a PowerPC-based Mac
may have applications that will not run correctly through Rosetta on the Intel-based Mac.
For example, if your PowerPC-based Mac has X11 installed, but your Intel-based Mac
does not, and you use Migration Assistant to migrate applications from the PowerPC-
based Mac to the Intel-based Mac, X11 will get transferred to the Intel-based Mac but it
will not open. In this case, you can delete the PowerPC version of X11 and use Optional
Installs on the Install Disc that came with your Intel-based Mac to install the correct
version of X11.
See also Use iMovie HD after migrating to a new computer.
To learn how to use the Migration Assistant, see How to use Migration Assistant to
transfer files from another Mac.
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Boot Camp 4, OS X Lion and Mountain

Lion: Frequently asked questions
Learn more about Boot Camp and its features for OS
X Lion and Mountain Lion.
General Boot Camp questions

1. What is Boot Camp?
2. What is new in Boot Camp 4.0 for OS X Lion and Mountain Lion?
Installation and partitioning questions
3. Which versions of Windows work with Boot Camp 4.0?
4. Does Windows 8 work with Boot Camp 4.0?
5. Are 64-bit versions of Windows 7 supported?
6. I have a Mac Pro with a Mac Pro RAID Card. Can I install Boot Camp
on my Mac Pro?
7. Which application should I use to create the Windows partition?
8. If I have more than one hard drive, can I install Microsoft Windows on
any drive?
9. I have a wireless mouse and keyboard, but they don't seem to

respond when I try to select a partition or type in an account name
during Windows installation. What is happening?
Questions about startup
10. How do I choose the operating system that starts up my Mac?
11. What can I do if my computer starts up to a black screen with white

text that says "No Boot Disk Attached"?
12. Why doesn't my external FireWire, USB or Thunderbolt disk appear in

the Microsoft Windows Startup Disk control panel?
Questions about drivers, Mac features within Microsoft

Windows, and miscellany
13. Which drivers are included with the OS X Windows support software
(drivers) download?
14. I have purchased music and video from the iTunes Store. Do I need to
authorize my computer in Mac OS X and in Microsoft Windows?
15. Why don't CDs and DVDs eject using the Eject key on my Apple
keyboard while I'm running Microsoft Windows?
16. Why are more resolutions available for my display with Microsoft
Windows than when with Mac OS X?
17. Why doesn't my keyboard's numeric keypad work in Windows?
18. If my keyboard has no Insert key, how do I turn the Insert function on
and off?
19. Are SDXC cards supported by Boot Camp 4.0?
20. Is there an upgrade path from Boot Camp 3.x to 4.0?
21. Where can I get support for Boot Camp 4.0 or later Mac drivers?
1. What is Boot Camp?
Boot Camp is software included with OS X Lion and Mountain Lion so you can run
compatible versions of Microsoft Windows on an Intel-based Mac.
2. What is new in Boot Camp 4.0?
Electronic Software Distribution

Use the Boot Camp Assistant to create a CD or USB media to install
the latest Boot Camp drivers for your computer. You should get the
newest drivers available any time you install Boot Camp.
Support for the Windows 7 ISO installer

Install Windows with an installation disc you provide or, on Mac
computers that do not have an optical drive, with a USB flash drive
that contains a Windows 7 ISO image downloaded from Microsoft. The
Boot Camp Assistant will offer to create this image on supported
computers.
Upgrade or "clean" install Windows without using the Boot Camp
Assistant
If you want only to upgrade the version of Boot Camp or Windows on
your Windows partition, you dont need to use Boot Camp Assistant.
Instead, choose Help > Help Center in Finder and search for
upgrade Boot Camp or upgrade Windows.
Installation and partitioning questions
3. Which versions of Windows work with Boot Camp 4.0?
You can use Microsoft Windows 7 Home Premium, Microsoft Windows 7 Professional, or
Microsoft Windows 7 Ultimate with Boot Camp 4.0. Windows XP and Windows Vista are
not supported with Boot Camp 4.0.
4. Does Windows 8 work with Boot Camp 4.0?
Microsoft Windows 8 is supported with Boot Camp 5. See Boot Camp: System
requirements for Microsoft Windows operating systems for more information.
5. Are 64-bit versions of Windows 7 supported?
Yes. Learn more about the Mac computers that support 64-bit versions of Windows 7.
6. I have a Mac Pro with a Mac Pro RAID card (Redundant Array of Independent Drives);
can I install Boot Camp on my Mac Pro?
Boot Camp does not support the installation of Windows onto a Mac using a Mac Pro
RAID card or software RAID.
7. Which application should I use to create a Windows partition?
Use Boot Camp Assistant (located in the Utilities folder) to create a partition for Microsoft
Windows. Boot Camp Assistant works only with an Intel-based Mac that has a single hard
disk partition. Boot Camp Assistant creates a second partition on your existing startup
disk for the Microsoft Windows operating system, or allows you to install Microsoft
Windows on another drive if you have more than one internal hard drive installed.
Boot Camp Assistant does not erase your existing partition or existing Mac OS X
installation when it creates a new partition for Microsoft Windows.
Important: Do not use disk utilities not made by Apple to partition the drive before
using Boot Camp Assistant. Doing so may erase the disk.
8. If I have more than one hard drive, can I install Microsoft Windows on any drive?
You can use Boot Camp to install Windows on any internal hard drive, but not on an
external hard drive.
9. I have a wireless mouse and keyboard, but they don't seem to respond when I try to
select a partition or type an account name during Windows installation. What is
happening?
The drivers for your wireless mouse and keyboard are not installed yet, so you cannot
use them. You need a wired mouse and keyboard to install Windows. When your
installation is complete, install the Windows drivers from the CD or USB media that were
created when you initially ran the Boot Camp Assistant. This should resume full function
of your wireless keyboard and mouse.
Startup questions
10. How do I choose which operating system will start up my Mac?
After running Boot Camp Assistant and installing Microsoft Windows and Boot Camp
drivers, press and hold the Option (Alt) key while you start up your Mac to switch
between Microsoft Windows and Mac OS X operating systems. Use the Startup Disk
control panel in Windows or Mac OS X Startup Disk preferences to set the default
operating system to use each time the computer starts up.
11. What can I do if my computer starts up to a black screen with white text that says
"No Boot Disk Attached"?
This message means that the Windows partition cannot start up, usually because of an
issue with the drive formatting. The Boot Camp Setup Assistant creates the Boot Camp
partition, but the Windows installer must format it to make it "bootable".
1. Start up to Mac OS X and run the Boot Camp Setup Assistant again.
2. Remove the Boot Camp partition and re-create it.
3. Install Windows again, this time using Windows to format the

partition.
Refer to the Boot Camp Installation & Setup Guide PDF document for more details on
installing Boot Camp.
12. Why doesn't my external FireWire, USB, or Thunderbolt disk appear in the Microsoft
Windows Startup Disk control panel?
External FireWire, USB, and Thunderbolt disks are not recognized by the Startup Disk
control panel in Microsoft Windows. To start up from a bootable external drive, press and
hold the Option (Alt) key while the computer starts up, then select the external disk.
Drivers, Mac features within Microsoft Windows, and miscellaneous questions
13. Which drivers are included with the OS X Windows support software (drivers)
download?
The Boot Camp 4.0 software includes these Mac drivers for Windows:
Apple Bluetooth
Apple Keyboard Support
Apple Remote Driver
Apple Trackpad
Atheros 802.11 Wireless
ATI Graphics
Boot Camp control panel for Microsoft Windows
Boot Camp System Task Notification item (System Tray)
Broadcom Wireless
Intel Chipset Software
Intel Integrated Graphics
iSight Camera
Marvel Yukon Ethernet
nVidia Graphics
Cirrus Logic Audio
Realtek Audio
SigmaTel Audio
Startup Disk control panel for Microsoft Windows
14. I have purchased music and video from the iTunes Store. Do I need to authorize my
computer in Mac OS X and in Microsoft Windows?
Yes, you need to authorize one computer for Mac OS X and one computer for Microsoft
Windows if you wish to play music or video in both operating systems, even when the
operating systems are installed on the same computer.
15. Why don't CDs and DVDs eject using the Eject key on my Apple keyboard when
running Microsoft Windows?
The Apple Keyboard Eject Key software may not be installed; make to install the
Windows support software (drivers) as described above and in the Boot Camp
Installation & Setup Guide PDF.
16. Why are more resolutions available for my display with Microsoft Windows than when
with Mac OS X?
Mac OS X shows only recommended resolutions.
17. Why doesn't my keyboard's numeric keypad work in Windows?
Press the Num Lock key to enable the numeric keypad in Windows. If your keyboard
doesn't have a key labeled Num Lock, try pressing the Clear key.
18. If my keyboard has no Insert key, how do I turn the Insert function on and off?
Use the Help key if your keyboard doesn't have an Insert key.
19. Are SDXC cards supported by Boot Camp 4.0?
Yes, SDXC cards are supported on Macintosh computers with an SD card slot and Boot
Camp 4.0. You'll need to install the Windows support software (drivers) to enable this
feature.
20. Is there an upgrade path from Boot Camp 3.x to 4.0?
Yes, you can install Boot Camp 4.0 drivers by using the Boot Camp Setup Assistant to
create a Windows support software (drivers) CD or USB storage media.
21. Where can I get support for Boot Camp 4.0?
Apple provides phone-based assistance for Boot Camp 4.0 for ninety days after the
purchase of an eligible Apple product. You can extend this period by purchasing an
AppleCare Protection Plan. Boot Camp 4.0 works only with computers running OS X Lion.
Support articles and discussions are available on Apple's support website.
Important: Apple does not provide technical phone support for installing, using, or
recovering Microsoft Windows. Support is available for using Boot Camp Setup Assistant,
as well as installing or restoring Boot Camp software while started up into Windows.
Boot Camp: Installing Windows 7

Frequently Asked Questions
Find answers to questions about installing Microsoft
Windows 7 on your Mac via Boot Camp.
More details about some of the topics discussed in this article can be found at
www.apple.com/support/bootcamp.
What do I need to install Windows 7?

Windows 7 requires OS X v10.6 Snow Leopard or later, and Boot Camp 3.1 or later. For a
list of supported Mac and System Requirements, see Boot Camp: System requirements
for Microsoft Windows operating systems.
What types of Windows 7 installations are supported?
Both new installs and upgrade installs are supported.
How do I install Windows 7?
If you are installing Windows 7 using Boot Camp with:
OS X v10.8 Mountain Lion, see the Boot Camp Installation & Setup
Guide.
OS X v10.7 Lion, see

http://manuals.info.apple.com/en_US/boot_camp_install-
setup_10.7.pdf .
OS X v10.6 Snow Leopard, see the Boot Camp Installation & Setup
Guide.
Do all Intel-based Macs support Windows 7?
All Intel-based Macs support Windows 7 using Boot Camp 3.1 or later except these:
iMac (17-inch, Early 2006)
iMac (17-inch, Late 2006)
iMac (20-inch, Early 2006)
iMac (20-inch, Late 2006)
MacBook Pro (15-inch, Early 2006)
MacBook Pro (17-inch, Late 2006)
MacBook Pro (15-inch, Late 2006)
MacBook Pro (17-inch, Early 2006)

Mac Pro (Mid 2006, Intel Xeon Dual-core 2.66GHz or 3GHz)
Where can I get the Windows Support Software (Windows drivers)?
Use the Boot Camp Assistant (see the Boot Camp Installation & Setup Guide for more
information). You can also refer to System requirements for Microsoft Windows operating
systems.
How do I use the Support Software I downloaded from the web page?
1. The download file is a .zip file. Double click it to uncompress it.
2. Copy the Support Software to the root level of a USB flash or hard
drive that is formatted with the FAT file system (see question below
for steps on how to format).
3. Attach the hard drive to the USB port of your Mac after Windows 7 is
installed.
4. Double-click the Boot Camp folder, then locate and double click the
"setup.exe" file.
5. Installation of the drivers can take a few minutes. Don't interrupt the
installation process. A completion dialog box will appear when
everything is installed. Click Finish when the dialog appears.
6. When your system restarts your Windows 7 installation is done.
How do I format USB media to the FAT file system?
You can use Disk Utility to format a disk to use with a Windows computer.
Important: Formatting a disk erases all the files on it. Copy any files you want to save
to another disk before formatting the disk.
1. Open Disk Utility.
2. Select the disk you want to format for use with Windows computers.
3. Click Erase, and choose one of the following from the Format pop-up
menu:
If the size of the disk is 32 GB or less, choose MS-DOS (FAT).
If the size of the disk is over 32 GB, choose ExFAT.
4. Type a name for the disk. The names maximum length is 11

characters.
5. Click the Erase button, and then click Erase again.
A "code: 0x80070005" alert appears when upgrading from Windows Vista to

Windows 7. How do I fix it?
This happens when the Windows 7 installer is attempting to write to a read-only

Macintosh volume. See this article.
My iMac (27-inch, Late 2009) or iMac (21.5-inch, Mid 2010) displays a black
screen during installation of Microsoft Windows 7 using the Boot Camp
Assistant. How do I fix it?
The Windows 7 installer does not include required graphics or Bluetooth drivers for this
computer. To obtain the necessary drivers and resolve the issue, see this article.
A blue screen appears when installing Windows 7 on my iMac computer with

NVIDIA GeForce 7300 or 7600 GT, or Mac Pro with NVIDIA GeForce 7300 GT or
Quadro FX 4500 graphics cards. How do I fix it?
Update your graphics card firmware. See this article for more information.
Are both 32-bit and 64-bit versions of Windows 7 supported?
On most Mac models, yes. Some Macs support the 32 or 64 bit version only. See Boot
Camp: System requirements for Microsoft Windows operating systems for more
information.
Boot Camp: About keyboards and key

assignment for Microsoft Windows
Learn how Microsoft Windows and Mac keyboards are
different and how some keys may function differently
between OS X and Windows.
In the example below, the top keyboard is a Mac keyboard and the bottom is a typical
Windows keyboard. The blue highlighted keys have unique functions specific to the
operating system for which they are designed. Some of the keys on the Mac keyboard
are temporarily reassigned to a different function when you start in Windows on your
Mac. Specific details are given in the tables later in this article.
Example Mac keyboard
Example Windows keyboard

Windows needs Apple keyboard support drivers
After you install Windows, you need to install Windows support software which includes
the Mac drivers and other support software required for Windows to understand the
Extended Function keys on Apple keyboards. See the Boot Camp Installation & Setup
Guide to learn how to install the support software.
Using a Windows keyboard in Mac OS X

Although Apple doesn't support the use of Windows keyboards, Microsoft provides a
keyboard mapping article for attempting to use a Windows Keyboard in Mac OS X.
About character mapping in Windows for international keyboards
You can determine the key combinations used to access unique characters for the
language and region your Apple keyboard is designed to support:
1. Download, install, and open the Microsoft Keyboard Layout Creator.

This allows you to view any of the supported Apple-specific keyboard
layouts that were installed in Windows.
2. Choose File > Load Existing Keyboard
3. Select the keyboard you want to see. Locate the country name in the
keyboard list which is followed by "(Apple)".
4. Follow the instructions provided with the application. You can print
images of the keyboard in various states (such as when holding the
Shift key).
Which keyboard do I have?
Find your keyboard below in order to use the reference tables below.
Original MacBook Pro Apple Keyboard with Numeric Keypad

MacBook Pro Apple Pro Keyboard
Apple USB and Apple Wireless Typical Windows Keyboard
How Microsoft Windows Function keys are mapped to Apple keyboards

This table shows the keyboard functions specific to Microsoft Windows and the
equivalent key combinations as they are mapped to Apple keyboards.
Apple Keyboard Apple USB &

Windows Apple Pro MacBook Pro
Function with Numeric Wireless
Keyboard keyboard keyboard
Keypad keyboard
Windows Command
Command () Command () Command ()
logo ()
Enter Enter Return Return Return Return
Backspace/
Backspace Delete Delete Delete Delete
Delete
Alt (left) Alt (left) Option Option Option Option
Option + Option +
Alt Gr (right) Alt (right) Option + Control Option + Control
Control Control
fn + Shift +
Print Screen Print Screen F14 F14 fn + Shift + F11
F11
Print active Alt + Print Option + fn + Shift + Option fn + Shift +

Option + F14
window Screen F14 + F11 Option + F11
fn + Shift +
Scroll Lock Scroll Lock fn + Shift + F12 F15 fn + Shift + F12
F12
Pause/Break Pause fn + ESC F16 fn + Esc fn + Esc
Insert Insert fn + Enter Help
Number Lock Num Lock Clear Clear fn- F6
Forward
Delete Delete Delete Delete fn + Delete
Delete
Applications
logo
How Mac keyboards are mapped for the Numeric keypad
Apple external keyboards with built-in numeric keypads as well as original MacBook Pro
keyboards provide the same functionality as Microsoft-compatible numeric keypads.
Apple Pro
Apple Keyboard with Numeric keyboard MacBook Pro
Function
Keypad (with Num Lock keyboard
off)
Page Up Page Up 9 fn +
Page Down Page Down 3 fn +
Insert fn + Enter 0
Decimal Point . . . 1
Delete fn + . fn + .1
Up arrow 8+ 8 1
Down arrow 2+ 2 1
Left arrow 4+ 4 1
Right arrow 6+ 6 1
Home Home 7 fn +
End End 1
How Microsoft Windows Function keys are mapped to OS X Extended Function
Keys
You can use the Extended Function keys (located along the top of your Apple keyboard)
in Windows. In the table below, a checkmark indicates that your keyboard supports a
function in Windows. Note: This requires the Windows support software drivers to be
installed. See the Boot Camp Installation & Setup Guide to learn how to install the
support software.
Apple
Apple keyboard Apple USB, MacBook
Pro
Pro
Key Key Name
with numeric & Wireless
keyboar
keypad keyboard keyboard
d
Reduce display brightness F14
Increase display brightness F15
Mission Control
Launchpad
Dashboard
Function
Keyboard brightness on/off

toggle
Reduce keyboard brightness
Increase keyboard

brightness
Play/Pause
Previous track
Next track
Mute toggle
Volume down
Volume up
Media eject
Media eject (2nd optical Option +

Option + Option + Option +
drive)
For more information and installation requirements for Microsoft Keyboard Layout
Creator, see this Microsoft article.
Last Modified: Mar 14, 2013
Apple
Store
Mac
iPod
iPhone
iPad
iTunes
Support
Languages
Boot Camp 5: Frequently asked

questions
Learn more about installing and using Boot Camp 5.
General
What is Boot Camp?
Boot Camp is software included with OS X Lion and Mountain Lion so you can run
compatible versions of Microsoft Windows on an Intel-based Mac.
What is new in Boot Camp 5?

Boot Camp 5 adds Windows 8 (64-bit) support. Use the Boot Camp Assistant and a USB
drive to install the latest Boot Camp drivers for your computer. These new drivers
support both Windows 7 (64-bit) and Windows 8 (64-bit). You should download the
newest drivers available any time you install Windows.
Which languages are supported in Boot Camp?

Deutsch, English, Franais, , Espaol, Italiano, Nederlands, Dansk, Norsk, Bokml,
Polski, Portugus, Portugus (Brasil), P, Suomi, Svensk, , , ,
() , etina, Magyar, and Trke.
Installation and partitioning
Where do I find the Installation Guide and Boot Camp Support Page?
http://www.apple.com/support/bootcamp/
You'll find information about the Manuals, System Requirements, more articles in the
Using Boot Camp section, a link to the Boot Camp Discussion boards, and links to
download the Boot Camp 5 Support Software (Windows drivers). Also see Boot Camp:
Frequently asked questions about installing Windows 8 for more information on installing
Windows 8.
Which versions of Windows work with Boot Camp 5?

You can use:
Microsoft Windows 8 (64-bit)
Microsoft Windows 8 Pro (64-bit)
Microsoft Windows 7 Home Premium (64-bit)
Microsoft Windows 7 Professional (64-bit)
Microsoft Windows 7 Ultimate (64-bit)
Windows XP, Windows Vista, and Enterprise versions of Windows 7 and Windows 8 are
not supported.
Are 32-bit versions of Windows 7 and 8 supported?
No. Boot Camp 5 supports 64-bit versions of Windows 7 and 8 only. Boot Camp 4
supports 64-bit and 32-bit versions of Windows 7, depending on the model Mac you
have. For more information, see Boot Camp: System requirements for Microsoft Windows
operating systems.
Can I upgrade a previously-installed 32 bit version of Windows to 64 bit?
32-bit versions of Windows cannot be directly upgraded to 64-bit versions. You should
back up your important files, then install the 64-bit version.
How can a Windows partition be resized after Windows is installed?
You need to delete the Windows partition using the Boot Camp Assistant, and start over
to change the size of the Windows partition. Back up your important Windows files first.
Are upgrade installs from Windows 7 to Windows 8 supported?
Yes, but be sure to install the Boot Camp 5.0 Support Software (drivers) before
upgrading to Windows 8. See Boot Camp: Frequently asked questions about installing
Windows 8 for more information.
After upgrading to Windows 8, run the Boot Camp 5.0 Support Software installer again.
Can I use a downloaded (ISO) version of Windows with Boot Camp?

MacBook Air (Mid 2011 and later), MacBook Pro (Mid 2012 and later, including Retina
models), Mac mini (Mid 2011 and later), and iMac (Late 2012) can install downloaded
(ISO) versions of Windows 7 and 8.
To determine if your Mac supports this feature:
1. Click the Go menu and choose Utilities.
2. Open Boot Camp Assistant.
3. Click Continue. If you see a "Create a Windows 7 or later install disk"

checkbox, your Mac supports the use of downloaded (ISO) install
images. See the Boot Camp Installation & Setup Guide for more
information.
Do computers that come with a Fusion Drive support Boot Camp?
Yes. Use the Boot Camp Assistant to create a Windows partition and install Boot Camp.
The Windows partition will exist on the hard disk drive, not the Flash drive, and is not
part of Fusion Drive Logical Volume Group. 3TB Fusion Drive configurations need to
update to OS X Mountain Lion v10.8.3 or later to install Windows 8. See iMac (27-inch,
Late 2012): Boot Camp alert with 3TB hard drive for more information.
I have a Mac Pro with a Mac Pro RAID card (Redundant Array of Independent
Drives). Can I install Boot Camp on my Mac Pro?
Boot Camp does not support the installation of Windows onto a Mac using a Mac Pro
RAID card or software RAID.
Which application should I use to create a Windows partition and to install

Windows?
Use Boot Camp Assistant (located in the Utilities folder) to create a Windows partition
and to install Microsoft Windows. Boot Camp Assistant works with an Intel-based Mac
that has a single hard disk partition or Fusion Drive. Boot Camp Assistant creates an
additional partition for the Microsoft Windows operating system or allows you to install
Microsoft Windows on another drive if you have more than one internal drive.
Boot Camp Assistant does not erase your existing Mac OS X partition or any of your OS X
software when it creates a new partition for Microsoft Windows.
Important: Do not use disk utilities not created by Apple to partition the drive before
using Boot Camp Assistant. Doing so may erase the entire disk.
Can I install Windows on an external drive?

No. Installing Boot Camp on an external hard drive is not supported.
Can more than one USB storage device be plugged in at Installation time?
No. You can only use one USB storage device during Windows installation. See Boot
Camp: Windows installation boots to black screen with blinking cursor for more
information.
Startup questions
How do I choose which operating system will start up my Mac?

After running Boot Camp Assistant and installing Microsoft Windows and Boot Camp
drivers, press and hold the Option (Alt) key while you start up your Mac to switch
between Microsoft Windows and OS X. Use the Startup Disk Control Panel in Windows or
OS X Startup Disk System Preferences to set the default operating system to use each
time the computer starts up.
Note: External FireWire, USB, and Thunderbolt disks are not recognized by the Startup
Disk control panel in Microsoft Windows. To start up from a bootable external drive, press
and hold the Option (Alt) key while the computer starts up, then select the external disk.
What can I do if my computer starts up to a black screen with white text that
says "No Boot Disk Attached"?
This message means that the Windows partition cannot start up, usually because of an
issue with the drive formatting. The Boot Camp Setup Assistant creates the Boot Camp
partition, but the Windows installer must format it to make it "bootable". To resolve this
issue:
1. Start up to OS X and run the Boot Camp Setup Assistant again.
2. Remove the Boot Camp partition and re-create it.
3. Install Windows again, this time using Windows to format the

partition.
4. Refer to the Boot Camp Installation & Setup Guide document for
more details on installing Boot Camp.
Drivers, Mac features within Microsoft Windows, and miscellaneous
Which drivers are included with the OS X Windows Support Software (drivers)
download?
The Boot Camp 5.0 software includes these Mac drivers for Windows:
Apple Bluetooth
Apple Keyboard Support
Apple Remote Driver
Apple Trackpad
Atheros 802.11 Wireless
ATI Graphics
Boot Camp control panel for Microsoft Windows
Boot Camp System Task Notification item (System Tray)
Broadcom Wireless
Intel Chipset Software
Intel Integrated Graphics
iSight Camera
Marvel Yukon Ethernet
nVidia Graphics
Cirrus Logic Audio
Realtek Audio
SigmaTel Audio
Startup Disk control panel for Microsoft Windows
Thunderbolt
USB 3
I have purchased music and video from the iTunes Store. Do I need to
authorize my computer in Mac OS X and in Microsoft Windows?
Yes, you need to authorize one computer for Mac OS X and one computer for Microsoft
Windows if you want to play music or video in both operating systems, even when the
operating systems are installed on the same computer.
Why don't CDs and DVDs eject using the Eject key on my Apple keyboard when
running Microsoft Windows?
The Apple Keyboard Eject Key software may not be installed. Make sure to install the
Windows Support Software (drivers) as described above and in the Boot Camp
Installation & Setup Guide.
Why are more resolutions available for my display with Microsoft Windows
than when with Mac OS X?
Mac OS X shows only recommended resolutions.
Why doesn't my keyboard's numeric keypad work in Windows?

Press the Num Lock key to enable the numeric keypad in Windows. If your keyboard
doesn't have a key labeled Num Lock, try pressing the Clear key.
How does my Mac keyboard operate with Windows?

See Boot Camp: About keyboards and key assignment for Microsoft Windows for more
information.
Are SDXC and other SD cards supported by Boot Camp 5?

Yes, SDXC cards are supported on Macintosh computers with an SD card slot and Boot
Camp 5.0. You'll need to install the Windows Support Software (drivers) to enable this
feature. For more information on the SD card slot and Boot Camp, see About the SD and
SDXC card slot.
Is Thunderbolt supported in Boot Camp 5?

Yes, see Thunderbolt ports and displays: Frequently asked questions (FAQ).
Is USB3 supported in Boot Camp 5?

Yes, see Using USB 3 devices on Mac computers FAQ.
Is there an upgrade path from Boot Camp 4 to 5?

Use the Boot Camp Assistant in OS X Mountain Lion v10.8.3 or later to download
Windows Support Software (drivers) and create the media to install them. You can also
download the Windows Support Software (Windows drivers) to create you own install
media here.
Where can I get support for Boot Camp 5?

Apple provides phone-based assistance for Boot Camp 5 for ninety days after the
purchase of an eligible Apple product. You can extend this period by purchasing an
AppleCare Protection Plan. Support articles and discussions are available on Apple's
support website.
Apple does not provide technical phone support for installing, using, or recovering
Microsoft Windows. Support is available for using Boot Camp Setup Assistant, as well as
installing or restoring Boot Camp software while started up in Windows.
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Home Learning Curve
Shortcuts
The original. Serving up shortcuts since May 2004. A repository for every keyboard secret in OS X.
Some of these are well known, others are not. Shortcuts in the Menu category are 'common' rather
than 'universal'. This list should continue to grow exponentially over time. [Click here for the official
definitive list of Windows keyboard shortcuts!]
ACPBootDesktopMail.appMenuNSOutlineViewNSTextNumPadPowerSafari.appTerminal.appUni
Buy It
versal AccessVoiceOver
ACP
& Kanachars
~ Resolve Path
Try It
" Tidy Up Quote
. Stop Search
+ Set All Filters
- Clear All Filters
@ Hyperlink
2 Duplicate
C Copy
D Find Previous
E Eject
E Export
F Folder
G Goto
I Info
I Info on Mount
K Connect to Server
K Disconnect from Server
L Link
L Symlink
M Move
N Concatenate
N Rename
S Expression
T Terminal
W Clean White
^ LI Brackets
-drag Follow Copy
-drag Follow Move
-enter Open
-enter Go
Boot
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Copyright Rixstep. All rights reserved.
About | Buy Stuff | Industry Watch | Learning Curve | Products | Search | Twitter
Home ACP Xfile Test Drive
Xfile Test Drive

Xfile from Rixstep is the only file manager for OS X capable of seamlessly handling all
file systems - fdesc, HFS+, HFS+ case-sensitive, UFS, volfs, ZFS. It's the only file
manager capable of detailing all file information
available on OS X - and offering full editing
capabilities for all these system features.
And Xfile is the only file manager for OS X that

shows you everything - literally everything.
Without exception. You'll be amazed - perhaps
even shocked - at how much is out there that you
never saw before.
And it runs so smooth on 10.8 Mountain Lion. Like

no other OS X file manager at any price.
Xfile on 10.8 Mountain Lion has power and speed

you simply can't comprehend.
Xfile manages 'file flags' (user and system append,

immutable, etc); 'sticky bits'; set user and group ID bits;
it displays major and minor device numbers, inodes
(CNIDs), number of links, blocks used, optimal block sizes, and file generation numbers for the
superuser; it creates both hard and symbolic links.
All of this is supported by your operating system. Almost none of it is supported by any
other file browser. Especially Apple's Finder.
Additional utilities included allow manipulation of two Unix and five HFS time stamps; batch and
recursive mode and time stamping; the remarkable Xshelf; the comprehensive 'post mortem'
analysis tool Tracker; complete access to 'legacy MacOS' filesystem data; and more.
Xfile is rugged - make no mistake about it. It's not a bloat monster and it's designed
correctly from the get-go. You never get yourself into those impossible 'crash and hang
situations' Finder and other file managers can't get out of.
[Purchase your Xfile here. ] [Download the Xfile Test Drive for OS X 10.4-10.8 here. ]
Xscan: Your Entire File System in 90 Seconds
Click here to get Xfile and Xscan now.
The Xfile package also includes the file system scanner Xscan for quickly locating items in the file
systems and for conducting perfunctory system security audits. Xscan can scan an entire OS X
computer, listing all files in eleven columns of file data, in a time span of one or two minutes even
on 'yesterday's hardware'. It can also scan entire networks at the same speed.
All items with resource forks are clearly marked with sizes for each fork available. The FileInfo utility
allows manipulation of the special 'Finder flags' found in HFS catalog node info blocks.
Xstrings dumps readable strings from binary files; Xfind searches given files for specified search
strings. And so forth.
All the utilities are tightly integrated - so if you can conceive of a way they work together, they
probably do.
The Xfile package comes with the proprietary ACP framework, offering seamless search capabilities
in every program, full management of both the imagery and documentation systems, and more.
Information on the full ACP is also available.
Part of the ACP

Xfile is part of the ACP - Rixstep's 'Apple Core Project', a research project into viable means to hone
and optimise generic application development on OS X for professional purposes. The ACP is
intended for the professional audience but extreme power users can also find benefit.
The Xfile package is part and parcel of the complete ACP and offers insight into the full capabilities
of this award winning product. The Xfile application is the fastest file manager for OS X, capable of
listing a full ten columns of file system data for 10,000 files in .14 seconds realtime. It's known as
the 'standard setter' for OS X file management. As it's the only file manager capable of doing
everything possible on OS X, it stands in a class of its own.
Package Contents
The Xfile package contains 290+ items. In addition to Xfile and the ACP framework it contains (at
least) the applications Clipothque, FileInfo, MD, Rixcomp, Rixmode, Rixstamp, TMI, Tracker, Xattrib,
Xfind, Xscan, Xsed, Xshelf, Xstamp, Xstrings, CLIX ACP edition, and Undercover. Further applications
are being added monthly.
The trial download contains a smattering of the above: Xfile, Xfind, Xscan, FileInfo, TMI, Tracker, and
Undercover.
System Requirements
OS X universal 10.4 - 10.8 (Tiger, Leopard, Snow Leopard, Lion, Mountain Lion);
Very little disk footprint; extremely frugal on RAM.
About Rixstep
Rixstep are a constellation of programmers and administrators concentrating on Objective-
C/NeXTSTEP/OpenStep/Cocoa software engineering. Their 'ACP' (AppleCore Project) has won
considerable acclaim, in particular their file manager Xfile and their GUI version of the Unix
command line CLIX. They also provide a series of free topical newsletters on security and industry
events and offer online courses in Unix and Cocoa programming.
Credentials include programming consulting and training assignments for British Aerospace, General
Electric, Lockheed Martin, SAAB Defence Systems, IBM, Microsoft, the British Broadcasting
Corporation, Barclays Bank, and Sony/Ericsson.
See Also
Industry Watch: 'When I'm 64'
Industry Watch: Xfile Unleashed
ACP: Xfile The Standard Setter
ACP: Xfile System Super Software
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Copyright Rixstep. All rights reserved.
Mac OS X Shortcuts
Many of these shortcuts can be customized (eg the Expos shortcuts), as explained in Customizing shortcuts below.
Symbols seen on Mac menus and non-US Apple keyboards, with their common names
[edit]
Shortcuts With Global Scope
More shortcuts with global scope can be found on the Universal Access page.
command-option-esc force quit

hold command-shift-option-escape
Force quit front-most application (without confirmation)
for 4 sec
control-eject show shutdown dialog
command-option-eject sleep now
command-shift-Q log out
command-shift-option-Q log out without confirmation
command-control-eject restart
control-shift-eject sleep displays
command-option-control-eject shut down
command-tab cycle between open applications
*after* having pressed command-tab, it will cycle between open applications in
command-`
reverse
command-shift-tab cycle between open applications in reverse direction
command-` cycle between open windows in the selected application
command-shift-` cycle between open windows in the selected application in reverse direction
control-F4 cycle between open windows in all applications
control-shift-F4 cycle between open windows in all applications in reverse direction
F8 Spaces (Leopard only)
F9 Expos for all windows (Panther and newer)
F10 Expos for all windows in selected application
F11 Expos to reveal desktop
F12 Dashboard (Tiger and newer)
control-# Jump to a space (10.5+)
control-arrow Cycle through spaces (10.5+)
activate Spotlight (Tiger) or switch between keyboard layouts (pre-Tiger
command-space
systems)
command-option-space open a Spotlight search in a finder "Find" window
shift-volume Change volume without sound effect
option-shift-volume Fine-grained volume control (10.5+ ?)
option-volume Sound Preference Pane
option-brightness Display Preference Pane
Change display mode (only on revised fn keyboard layout on Alu. keyboards,
command-decrease-brightness
newer MBP/MBs?)
opt-"Empty Trash" Empty trash, including locked items, without any alerts
command-escape open front row (Press any F key (except F2) or Escape to exit)
hold shift while performing action slow down any animation (expos, time machine, minimize, etc)
option-drag scrollbar smooth scrolling
option-eject Eject secondary optical media drive (if one exists)
option-click dock icon or window Switch to application and hide previous application
command-option-click dock icon or
Switch to application and hide all others
window
command-drag menulet re-order icon
command-drag menulet off the
remove icon from menu bar
menu bar
[edit]
Command-Tab Box
Press command-tab and hold the command key to keep the box open. Release the command key to switch to the
selected application.
escape exit command-tab box (equivalent to pressing the period key (.))
H hide application
Q quit application
left/right arrow keys or home/end or
select an application (you can also aim with the mouse)
`(grave accent)/tab
view windows of selected application (use arrow keys to navigate, then
up/down arrow keys
press enter to select window)
[edit]
Dock
hold option while in Dock menu change the Quit to Force Quit
option-command-drag onto Dock icon force application to open dropped item
option-drag Dock separator force the Dock to only resize to non-interpolated icon sizes
command-drag Dock icon to destination copy a Dock item to somewhere else on the hard drive
shift-drag Dock divider move Dock to left, bottom, or right side of screen
command-drag onto Dock icon prevent Dock icons from moving
command-click Dock icon show dock item in Finder
[edit]
Keyboard Navigation in Mac OS X Core Apps
Expose, Spaces
tab (Expose) cycle through Expose'd windows
tab (Spaces) cycle through Spaces
number (Spaces) focus specific space
c (Spaces) collect all windows in space 1
Dashboard
command-right arrow go to next page of widgets in widget dock
command-left arrow go to previous page of widgets in widget dock
command-+ show/hide widget dock
command-R reload widget
option-hover pointer over widget show close button for widget
Spotlight
escape clear search field (press again to close menu)
tab select current search term (equivalent to command-a)
show selected file in Finder (equivalent to command-R or command-
command-enter
clicking an item)
command-up arrow move to the first result in the previous category
command-down arrow move to the first result in the next category
Finder
shift-command-T Add to Favorites
command-T Add to Sidebar
escape Cancel a drag-and-drop action while dragging
option-click zoom button Cascade all Finder windows
option-click close box or command-
Close all open finder windows (except popup windows)
option-W
shift-option-command-W Close all open finder windows (including popup windows)
command-K Connect to Server
option-drag file Copy file to location
option-command-A Deselect all items
command-E Eject
shift-command-delete Empty the Trash (with warning)
shift-option-command-delete Empty the Trash (without warning)
command-F Find any matching Spotlight attribute
shift-command-F Find Spotlight file name matches
shift-option-command-escape Force Quit Finder
control-command-I Get Summary Info
command-[ Go Back
command-] Go Forward
shift-command-G Go to Folder dialog (with Tab Autocomplete)
shift-command-H Go to home folder of current user
shift-command-? Mac Help
option-command-drag file Make alias of file
command-L Make alias of the selected item
shift-option-command-up arrow Make desktop the active window, select parent volume
Page Down or control-down arrow Move down one page
command-drag file Move file
command-delete Move to Trash
Page Up or control-up arrow Move up one page
command-N New Finder window
shift-command-N New folder
option-command-N New Smart Folder
shift-command-D Open desktop folder
control-command-up arrow Open enclosed folder in a new window
Space while dragging When dragging file onto folder it will spring open without the usual delay
shift-command-I Open iDisk
shift-command-K Open Network window
command-up arrow Open parent folder (if there is no selection or open windows, open Home)
option-command-up arrow Open parent folder, closing current folder
command-O Open selected item
Open selected item (if there is no selection or open windows, open
command-down arrow
Desktop)
option-command-down arrow Open selected item, closing current folder
command-click sidebar icon Open Sidebar item in a new window
shift-command-A Open the Applications folder
shift-command-C Open the Computer window
shift-command-U Open Utilities folder
Space or command-Y Quick Look selected item
option-spacebar Fullscreen quicklook selected item
Rename the selected file/folder (escape cancels, enter accepts the
Return or Enter
changes)
double-click resize widget Resize current column to fit the longest file name
tab (shift-tab reverses direction) Select the next icon in Icon and List views
option-hover pointer over filenames Show full name if condensed with an ellipsis
Show Inspector (a single window that updates based on selected item or
option-command-I
items)
command-R Show original (of alias)
command-J Show View Options
option-command-Y Slideshow of selection
command-1, command-2, command-3,
Switch Finder views (Icon, List, Column, Cover Flow)
command-4
command-Z Undo
shift-command-Z Redo
Finder - Icon View
command-1 switch to icon view
tab/shift-tab move between icons
Finder - Column View
command-3 Switch to Column View
tab/shift-tab switch between panes
option-double-click resize widget resize all columns to fit their longest file names
type anything Find As You Type within the focused pane (FAYT)
right Focus contents of selected directory in a new pane
left go one pane back
Finder - List View
command-2 switch to list view
type anything Find As You Type (FAYT)
tab
cycle through contents of folder, wrapping around
shift tab
command-up change working directory to parent
right open selected folder
left (on a file) jump to parent folder, if that folder is visible
left (on folder) close that folder, if open
option-right open all children of all selected folders
option-left close all selected folders and children
option-click disclosure triangle expand/collapse folder and children, recursively
Cover Flow
command-4 switch to cover flow view
open..., save..., browse...
go to... dialogue, allowing one to specify full pathnames from root file. w/
/
Tab Autocomplete
command-shift-g Go to folder... dialogs. w/ Tab Autocomplete
tab space activate disclosure triangle
Column View Note:
A hollow arrow indicates that the pane with the selected folder is active.
A solid white arrow indicates that contents of the selected folder are active in the pane to the right .
The behavior of FAYT/Tab in Column View is functionally equivalent to tab-autocomplete on a standard *nix
shell.
[edit]
Taking Screenshots
The Taking Screenshots in Mac OS X article includes keyboard shortcuts related to taking screenshots.
[edit]
Dialog Boxes
click the default button in dialog box (the button that is entirely blue) (The return key also
enter
works if there are no text fields that use return)
space click the focused button (the button that has a blue halo around it)
option with Enter,
applies that key to a text box without leaving the box
Return, or Tab
command-. cancel (equivalent to pressing the escape key)
command-D dont save (in save/cancel/dont save dialog)
command-R replace (in Do you want to replace this file dialog)
type first letter in button
press Button
label
tab (shift-tab reverses
tab between buttons (Full Keyboard Access must be turned on in System Preferences)
direction)
[edit]
Shortcuts Common to Most Applications
hold option key with
show additional menu options
menu open
simulate a mouse click on focused object (i.e., the button or control that has a blue halo
spacebar
around it)
Search application help. As of 10.5, this also FAYT searches available menu items. It also
command-shift-?
activates the menu bar as keyboard navigable if the search string is empty.
command-shift-+ increase font size
command-- decrease font size
command-, preferences
command-? help
command-shift-: show spelling window
command-; check spelling
command-A select all
command-C copy
command-D duplicate
command-shift-C show colors
command-E use selection for find
command-F find
command-G find next
command-shift-G find previous
command-H hide application windows
command-option-H hide windows of other applications
command-J scroll to selection
command-M minimize (equivalent to double-clicking the title bar)
minimize all application windows (equivalent to option-double-clicking the title bar or option-
command-option-M
clicking the minimize button)
command-N new
command-O open
command-P print
command-Q quit
command-S save
command-S save
command-shift-S save as
command-option-S save all
command-T show fonts
command-V paste
command-W close window
command-option-W close all application windows (equivalent to option-clicking the close button)
command-shift-W close a file and its associated windows
command-X cut
command-Z undo
command-shift-Z redo
[edit]
Other Application Shortcuts
command-option-T show/hide a toolbar
command-click toolbar lozenge cycle forward through toolbar displays
command-shift-click toolbar lozenge cycle backward through toolbar displays
command-drag toolbar icon re-order icon
command-drag toolbar icon off the toolbar remove icon from toolbar
command-drag title bar move window without bringing it to front
command-click file name in title bar show file path in popup
[edit]
Text Shortcuts
These shortcuts can be used within all text areas in Cocoa applications.
option-left arrow move left one word

option-right arrow move right one word
control-delete delete accent to left
option-delete back delete one word
shift-option-delete foward delete one word (equivalent to option-del)
option-up arrow move up one paragraph
option-down arrow move down one paragraph
command-up arrow move to beginning of all text
command-down arrow move to end of all text
control-left arrow
move to start of current line
command-left arrow
control-right arrow
move to end of current line
command-right arrow
shift + any of the above extend selection by appropriate amount
click then drag select text
double-click then drag select text, wrapping to word ends
triple-click then drag select text, wrapping to paragraph ends
shift-select text with mouse add to selection (contiguous)
command-select text with mouse add to selection (non-contiguous)
option-drag select rectangular area (non-contiguous)
command-option-drag add rectangular area to selection
drag selection move text
option-drag selection copy text
command-control-D use the dictionary to look up the word under the mouse pointer
escape show auto-complete list for word (equivalent to F5 or option-escape)
control-A move to start of current paragraph
control-B move left one character
control-D forwards delete
control-E move to end of current paragraph
control-F move right one character
control-H delete
control-K delete remainder of current paragraph
control-N move down one line
control-O insert new line after cursor
control-P move up one line
control-T transpose (swap) two surrounding character
control-V move to end, then left one character
control-Y paste text previously deleted with control-K
[edit]
System startup
Hold down these keys to cause a Mac to perform special actions at startup time.
C boot from CD or DVD

D force the boot device to be the internal hard drive
start up in FireWire/Thunderbolt target mode (the Mac temporarily becomes a very expensive
T
external FireWire/Thunderbolt drive)
X force boot into Mac OS X (older Macs that dual-boot into OS 9 and X)
N boot from Network drive
hold after power-up to boot into safe mode, hold after login to prevent startup items from
shift
opening
mouse button eject CD before booting normally
command-S boot into single user mode; type exit when done
command-option-O-F boot into the Open Firmware prompt
command-option-P-R reset PRAM
command-option-V verbose boot; show the Unixy text goodness at boot time
command-option-
bypass internal hard drive and boot from external drive or CD
shift-delete
option choose startup disk at boot time
command-. when startup disk chooser is active, open the CD tray
[edit]
Customizing shortcuts
Many system-wide shortcuts can be customized. This is described in detail in the Changing Keyboard Shortcuts
article.
[edit]
Shortcuts on laptops
On most Mac laptops, some of the function keys (F1 - F12) are used to control hardware features:
F1 decrease brightness
F2 increase brightness
F3 mute on G4s, decrease volume on G3s
F4 decrease volume on G4s, increase volume on G3s
F5 increase volume on G4s, numlock on G3s
F6 Num lock on G4s, mute on G3s
F7 Display mode (mirror or extend external display)
F8 disable backlit keyboards (Aluminum PowerBooks)
F9 decrease keyboard brightness for backlit keyboards
F1
increase keyboard brightness for backlit keyboards
0
F1 eject (some Macs, namely all MacBooks, MacBook Pros, and newer PowerBooks, place a dedicated eject key
2 next to the F12 key)
Newer Mac laptops (MacBook Pros made after February 2008, MacBooks after November(?) 2007, MacBook Airs),
and the Aluminum keyboard, have a different layout for fn keys. Some keys have been added, while the numlock key
has been removed and the display mode key has been integrated into the brightness key (see combinations in
parenthesis)
F1 decrease brightness (command+F1 changes display mode, option+F1 brings up display prefs)
F2 increase brightness (option+F2 brings up display prefs)
expos (F3 shows all windows, control+F3 shows app windows, option+F3 brings up expos prefs,
F3
command+F3 shows desktop)
F4 dashboard (option+F4 brings up expos prefs)
F5 decrease keyboard brightness for backlit keyboards (option+F5 brings up keyboard prefs)
F6 increase keyboard brightness for backlit keyboards (option+F6 brings up keyboard prefs)
F7 media navigation backwards (like hitting back on Apple Remote)
F8 media play/pause (like hitting play/pause on Apple Remote)
F9 media navigation forwards (like hitting next on Apple Remote)
F1
mute volume (option+F10 brings up sound prefs)
0
F1
decrease volume (option+shift+F11 for incremental decrease, option+F11 brings up sound prefs)
1
F1
increase volume (option+shift+F12 for incremental increase, option+F12 brings up sound prefs)
2
If you want to use these function keys for standard keyboard shortcuts, you must use the fn key, located in the lower-
left corner of the keyboard. For example, to use Spaces on these keyboards, you must press fn-F8; to shift between
all open windows in all applications, you must press ctrl-fn-F4; etc.
This behaviour can be altered in the Keyboard tab of the Keyboard & Mouse preference pane, so that hardware
functions (like screen brightness) require pressing fn, and standard keyboard shortcuts (like Spaces) work without the
fn key.
[edit]
Application specific shortcuts
[edit]
iPhoto
command-option-backspace delete pictures from the library from within an album
command-1,2,3,4,5 rate picture
[edit]
iTunes
command-option-backspace delete songs from the library from within a playlist
command-B show browser
command-L highlight currently playing track
command-shift-R reveal currently playing track in Finder (was command-R until iTunes 10)
[edit]
MS Office 2004
[edit]
Word 2004
Insert Bullet
Clear Formatting Cntrl + Spacebar
[edit]
Powerpoint 2004
page down while in normal view, cursor in the slide window (not notes
next slide
or outline)
toggle between Slide, Outline, and notes
F6/fn-F6
windows
control-shift-S start slide show from first slide
control-shift-B start slide show from current slide
[edit]
Powerpoint 2008
F6/fn-F6 toggle has a bug where it occasionally jumps to the first slide instead of toggling cursor.
[edit]
Universal Access
See the Universal Access article for keyboard shortcuts.
Changing Keyboard Shortcuts

Starting in Panther and continuing into Tiger, you are able to customize many system-level and application shortcuts.
To view or change system-level Keyboard shortcuts:
1. Open the Keyboard & Mouse Preference Pane

2. Click on the Keyboard Shortcuts tab
3. To change a shortcut, double click on the existing shortcut, and press the keys that make up your new
shortcut.
4. If you make a mistake, click '"Restore Defaults to return the keyboard shortcuts to the factory defaults.
To change an application specific shortcut:
1. Open the Keyboard & Mouse Preference Pane
2. Click on the Keyboard Shortcuts tab
3. Click the Add button (looks like a Plus sign)
4. Select the application from the dropdown in the panel
5. Enter in the menu item, exactly as it appears in the application (it's a text match)
6. Press the keys that make up the new shortcut.
7. Click Add to save changes
Other nifty Mac OS X hints
How to use the built-in Dictionary
System-wide spell checker - in any app just control-click and go to spelling and mark check spelling as you
type (Note: Only available in native OS X applications, sometimes referred to as Cocoa applications)
How to create a zip file - highlight the items you want to include, control-click, and choose "Create Archive"
(or "Compress", if running on Leopard) from the menu
Drag files on Dock items - just drag files on Dock items to open these files with the app (pics to import on
iPhoto, pics on mail to send, etc.)
How to install applications - read this guide to installing applications in OS X

How to uninstall applications - just drag the application to the Trash. There might be leftovers in a) the
preference folder (just preferences that take up very little space) and b) the application support folder (may
contain bigger files to support the app) If you want to get rid of all the traces of an app just search for it in Finder,
or Spotlight if available, and delete everything. That's it. Simple as this.Or use uninstall tools like CleanGenius to
remove unneeded applications.
This tip requires
Mac OS X Tiger
Dictionary
Dictionary is a free application provided by Apple as part of Mac OS X 10.4 (Tiger). It provides both a dictionary,
based on the New Oxford American Dictionary, and a thesaurus, based on the Oxford American Writers Thesaurus.
The dictionary can also provide its "services" to other applications that wish to use the dictionary functionality.
Contents
[hide]
1 Accessing the Dictionary
2 Spell Checking
3 Screenshots
4 Guides
[edit]
Accessing the Dictionary
The dictionary can be accessed in several ways. You can:
Open the Dictionary application located in the Applications folder
Use the Dashboard Dictionary widget
Control-click a word and choose "Look Up in Dictionary"

Move the mouse over a word in a Cocoa application and press (by default) command-control-D to bring up a
"mini" dictionary, as described in the Tiger article.
[edit]
Spell Checking
Spell checking does not use the Dictionary. Instead, it uses its own custom dictionary, which stores spelling only and
not definitions. More information is available in the Mac OS X Spell Checker article.
[edit]
Screenshots
The "mini" dictionary in action:
Spell Checker
(Redirected from Mac OS X Spell Checker)
A spell checker is available in most Mac OS X applications, primarily those developed using the Cocoa framework. It
can be accessed using the Spelling submenu of the Edit menu or contextual menu when control-clicking a word. It
uses a separate dictionary from the Dictionary application.
[edit]
Custom words
If a word is added to the spell checker, then it is remembered in every application. For example, if you added the word
"MacRumors" to the spelling dictionary in TextEdit, it would also be recognized as correct spelling in other
applications.
[edit]
Suggestions
By pressing option-escape while typing a word, compatible Cocoa applications will provide a drop down menu of word
suggestions. This can also be achieved by pressing the F5 key.
[edit]
Limitations
As with all spell checkers, the Mac OS X spell checker can not determine if a word is used incorrectly. For example, "I
used there computer" would not be marked with incorrect spelling, even though "there" should be "their" in this case.
The Spilling Checker is a humorous look at the issues one might encounter when using a spell checker.
Dock
The Dock is an interactive list of all the applications currently running in Mac OS X. It also displays certain other
applications, files, folders, minimized windows and the Trash. It appears on the bottom or side of the Mac display at all
times (except when hidden).
[edit]
Customization
The Dock in Mac OS X Leopard with the glass effect
The Dock in Mac OS X Leopard without the glass effect
The Dock can also be customized to include any applications, files and folders. Currently running applications are
differentiated from non-running applications by a small black triangle pointing from the edge of the monitor to the
application's icon.
To add an item to the Dock, simply drag its icon onto the Dock. Applications must be dragged to the left or above the
line dividing the applications from the trash; all other items must be to the right or below it.
Note that this process does not physically copy the item -- the item remains in its original location.
To remove from the Dock, drag the icon away from the Dock and let it go. It will disappear in a very satisfying poof of
smoke (again, this does not remove the item from your computer; it remains in its original location).
You can rearrange items on the Dock by dragging them to their new location.
You can edit Dock settings by clicking on the Dock icon in System Preferences, by using the Dock submenu in the
Apple menu, or by control-clicking on the divider in the Dock. Settings include the location of the Dock, whether it
hides automatically, whether it magnifies the content under the mouse, and what size it is. If the Dock is hidden, you
can access it by moving your mouse to the side of the screen where it is located.
Another way to quickly resize the Dock is to click and hold on the divider between the applications and the
trash/documents, and drag up or down. When holding down the shift key while clicking and holding on the divider you
can quickly change the Dock's location by dragging it to the left, the right or to the bottom of the screen.
You can also quickly toggle between hiding and showing your dock by typing command-option-D.
Another way to customize the dock (in Mac OS X 10.5 only) is to change the look of it with a third party tool, such as
as Panic's Candybar 3.
[edit]
Operation
To run an application or open a file, click on its icon in the Dock. To access an item within a folder on the Dock, click
and hold to display the folder contents. Then navigate to the file or application you want.
You can also quit, hide, or show the location of any running application by clicking and holding on its icon in the Dock,
which displays a menu. If you hold down the option key while showing this menu, additional options will become
available, such as Force Quit. Many applications such as iTunes offer additional functionality by clicking and holding
their dock icons.
To open a file with a particular application (for example, to open a Microsoft Word Document using TextEdit), drag its
icon to the application's icon in the dock. If the icon does not highlight, but you want to force the application to try to
open the file anyway, hold down the command and option keys while you drag.
To delete a file, folder, or application, drag its icon to the Trash. To unmount or eject an iPod, CD, DVD, disk image, or
other device, drag its icon to the trash, which will change to an eject icon.
control-click
Control-clicking on a Mac is equivalent to right-clicking on a Mac or in Windows. Control-clicking usually shows a
menu at the location of the mouse cursor, known as a contextual menu.
To perform a control-click, hold down the control key on your keyboard (the one with "ctrl" or "control" written on it) and
click the mouse. If you are using a two button mouse then right-clicking has the same effect.
Some actions can only be performed with a control-click, however Apple's Human Interface Guidelines state that
every action that needs to be done should be able to be completed without needing to resort to using a contextual
menu
iPhoto
Contents
[hide]
1 iPhoto 1
2 iPhoto 2
3 iPhoto 4
4 iPhoto 5
5 iPhoto 6
6 iPhoto 7
7 Links
[edit]
iPhoto 1
iPhoto 1.0 was introduced at Macworld San Francisco in January 2002.
[edit]
iPhoto 2
iPhoto 2.0 was released at Macworld San Francisco in January 2003 as part of iLife '03, which also included iMovie 3,
iDVD 3, and iTunes 3.
New features included performance enhancements, a new folder structure for photos, CD burning, slideshows, the
Organize tab, and the Retouch and Enhance tools.
[edit]
iPhoto 4
iPhoto 4.0 was released at Macworld San Francisco in January 2004, as part of the iLife '04 package. The version
number was no doubt changed to 4, not 3, to match the package title, which in turn matched the year of release.
iPhoto 4 claimed to support 25,000 image libraries with little decrease in speed, something that was a problem with
older iPhoto versions. iPhoto 4 also introduced the ability to share photos and copy them across your network, much
like iTunes but without the DRM, as well as performance enhancements, smart albums, photo rating, rendezvous
photo sharing, and improved slideshows.
[edit]
iPhoto 5
iPhoto 5.0 was released at Macworld San Francisco in January 2005, as part of the iLife '05 package.
New features included soft cover books, multiple book sizes, importing of video, and an iTunes-like search field.
[edit]
iPhoto 6
New features included new cards, calendars and books, photocasting (podcasting for photos), one-click effects such
as sepia and B&W, and an increase in maximum library size from 25,000 to 250,000.
[edit]
iPhoto 7
iPhoto 7.0 was released as part of iLife '08 in August 2007. New features included events, new editing tools, new
calendars and books, a unified search, .Mac web gallery and theme-based home printing.
Installing Applications in Mac OS X

Installing applications on Mac OS X is incredibly easy compared to most platforms. However, the approach taken can
be confusing at first for many users.
There are generally three basic steps when installing a piece of software; Acquire, Un-package, Install.
In addition to the instructions presented here, software publishers often provide additional notes with their software
that will tell you more about the installation of their products.
Contents
[hide]
1 Acquisition
2 Un-package
2.1 ZIP files
2.2 Stuffit files

2.3 Disk images
3 Installation
3.1 Application Bundles
3.2 Installers
4 Post Installation
4.1 Tidying Up
4.2 The Dock
5 Mac App Store
6 See Also
[edit]
Acquisition
First the software must be acquired. It could be downloaded from a Web site or stored on a CD.
Websites such as MacUpdate and VersionTracker can be particularly useful for finding software to download.
The Get Mac Apps tool is a useful first step to perform an automated installation of essential applications, before
proceeding with individual installations.
[edit]
Un-package
Before any software can be installed, it must first be un-packaged. If you are installing from a CD or some other kind
of disk then you can generally just insert the disk into your machine and skip this step.
In order to make a downloaded program smaller, software publishers often compress their programs by packaging
them in all manner of ways. Some of these are described below.
[edit]
ZIP files
Zip files are handled natively by OS X and should appear as in the picture below. To un-package a zip file, simply
double-click it and wait for OS X to open it.

[edit]
Stuffit files
No longer in widespread use, programs may be compressed with StuffIt. These files have a .sit or .sitx extension. Un-
packaging these files requires The Unarchiver or StuffIt Expander], which you will need to download if you are running
Mac OS X 10.4 or later, otherwise it should already be installed in your applications folder.
[edit]
Disk images
Disk images are probably the most commonly used method for packaging a program. A disk image can be thought of
as the virtual equivalent of a CD. The actual data in the disk image is contained within a single file which will look
something like this:
You then "insert," or "mount," the disk image into the machine by double-clicking the file. Having done this, the the
disk image will appear as another device in the Finder, as shown in the picture below:
Some disk images are `web-ready', i.e. when downloaded by Safari, they are automatically mounted, and their
contents are copied to the download folder (usually the user's Desktop). Then they are unmounted and moved to
Trash. The end result is that you have the application on your Desktop, and nothing else. Cool.
[edit]
Installation
The final step of the process is to actually install the software where you want it.
Software publishers will provide the installation of their software by one of two methods. They will either give you the
application bundle to install, or provide an installer. Both offer very easy installation.
[edit]
Application Bundles
Application bundles are generally used for smaller pieces of software, such as simple applications downloaded from
the Internet. Here, the software publisher has provided you with the actual program all you have to do is copy the
program to your desired location (usually your Applications folder) and run it. Copying the program is performed
simply by using drag and drop. An example of this is shown below:

[edit]
Installers
More complicated and involved applications such as Apple's iTunes will use an installer to simplify the installation
process for you. An installer typically looks something like this:
Simply double-click the installer to launch the installation program and follow the instructions presented to you.
[edit]
Post Installation
[edit]
Tidying Up
After you have finished installing the program you should remove the files used for the installation.
If a disk image was used in the installlation process, you should unmount it. This can be done by using the eject icon
next to to it in the Finder sidebar as if it were a CD. You can also drag the mounted disk icon to the the Trash, again
as if it were a CD.
All other files (including the disk image) can be simply discarded. Either place them in the Trash or back them up
somewhere in case you wish to re-install the application in the future.
[edit]
The Dock
If you want your newly installed software to appear in the Dock, simply drag the application's icon into the left side of
the Dock from wherever you have installed the Application. (If you followed the instructions above, it will be in the
Applications folder) Another way to add an application to the Dock is, if the program is currently running, control-click
its icon in the Dock and select "Keep In Dock" .
[edit]
Mac App Store
The Mac App Store is an application included with OS X 10.6.6 and later. Many free and paid apps can be installed
from the Mac App Store, where the publisher has chosen to use Apple's distribution platform.
Click Install and follow the prompt to sign in to the App Store with your Apple ID. If you are installing a paid app, the
cost will be charged to your Apple ID account.
The application will then begin downloading and appear in your Launchpad and /Applications folder. Once
downloaded you will be able to run the application.
Apps installed via the Mac App Store can be updated via the Updates section of the app. A badge will show on the
App Store icon to show updates are available.
Uninstalling Applications in Mac OS X

Uninstalling applications in Mac OS X is very different than uninstalling in a Microsoft Windows environment because
Mac OS X has nothing like the Windows Registry. While most Windows programs include an uninstaller that can be
run through using the Add/Remove Programs control panel, no such feature exists in Mac OS X and so most users
simply move application bundles (see below) to the Trash. However, often times there is more to uninstalling than a
simple drag-and-drop to the trash. This article will guide you on how to fully uninstall applications.
Contents
[hide]
1 Application Bundles
2 Additional Files
3 Using Finder to remove Application Bundles and Additional Files
4 Applications with Installers/Uninstallers
5 Third Party Uninstallers
6 See Also
[edit]
Application Bundles
Control-click or RIght-click on any application to see if it is a bundle
Most Mac OS X applications (anything that ends in .app), like Safari and iTunes, are bundles. The application icon you
see in Finder (typically the Applications Folder) is usually a special folder itself, made to appear as a single double-
clickable file. These "folders" contain all, or at least most, of the files needed to run the application, ie they are self-
contained. This means that to uninstall these applications, you only have to drag them to the Trash. If you control-click
(or right-click) on an Application icon, and you see "Show Package Contents", then it is a bundle.
[edit]
Additional Files
Applications will leave behind preference files, and sometimes application support files, neither of which are stored in
application bundles. Preference files can be safely deleted, but they usually take up negligible disk space and, if
you decide to reinstall the application again later, keeping the preference file means your settings will still be there.
They are stored in the Preferences folder within your user's Library folder (~/Library/Preferences), or may also be
stored in the system-wide Library located at the root of the system volume (/Library/Preferences/).
Application support files can take up anywhere from a few kilobytes to several gigabytes of space, depending on the
application installed. Examples of applications that have large support files are multimedia programs such as
Garageband and DVD Studio Pro. They are located in the Application Support folder within your user's Library folder,
or in "/Library/Application Support/".
To remove an application's icon from the dock make sure that the program is not running at the time, then simply drag
the icon off of the dock and let go. There will be a puff of smoke animation and the icon will be gone. This will only
remove the dock icon/shortcut, and will not touch the application itself or any of its support files.
[edit]
Using Finder to remove Application Bundles and Additional Files
Using Finder to remove applications and all preference files
Adapted from a forum post by GGJstudios
To manually remove an application and all associated files:
Launch Activity Monitor and change "My Processes" at the top to "All Processes", then make sure the
app you want to remove is not running. If it is, quit the process before proceeding.
Launch Finder and search for the app name (hopefully unique, such as Skype)
You can narrow the search to specific folders or search your whole Mac
Searching "File Name" vs "Contents" usually provides better results.

Click the + button below the search term to add criteria
Click the search criteria drop-down and select "Other...", then "System files"
Click the "don't include" and change to "include"
Sort by name, kind, date, etc. to identify components of the app, such as folders, .plist files, cache files.
etc.
Delete all files and folders related to the app.
Don't empty your Trash until you've determined that everything is working OK, in case you need to
restore something you deleted by accident.
A reboot might be necessary to completely remove some apps.
[edit]
Applications with Installers/Uninstallers
If you ran an installer to install an application, you may wish to try running the installation program again to see
if an uninstall option is available at any point during installation (many times in a drop-down menu). Check the
installation CD or disk image for the original installer file. Some vendors have included simple Perl scripts that
will run in the command line to uninstall applications, and may be named "uninstaller.pl".
[edit]
Third Party Uninstallers
Be aware that third party uninstallers, including those listed below, do not completely remove all files/folders
associated with apps. Many will remove small files, such as .plist files, but leave behind much larger files. For
more information, read this. For complete removal of all files/folders associated with uninstalled apps, use
Finder and the manual method described above.
Caution is advised when using any automated method of deleting files, as such methods could result in files
being deleted that you didn't want deleted. Many have reported problems caused by the use of apps like
CleanMyMac and MacKeeper, so avoidance of these apps altogether may be wise.
Third party uninstallers exist which will search for these preference files for you, such as AppCleaner, AppTrap,
AppZapper, CleanApp and TrashMe, but these apps will not remove all components of installed apps.
Trash
The Trash is where any files that are deleted from the Finder in Mac OS X go to. They are kept here so that if you later
change your mind, the files can be rescued. If you are a switcher, then the Trash is equivalent to the Windows recycle
bin.
The Trash can be found at the right-hand end of the Dock (or the bottom, if the Dock is on the side of the display).
Click on it to see the contents of the Trash in the Finder.
Contents
[hide]
1 Empty or Not?
2 Deleting items
3 Emptying The Trash
3.1 Securely Emptying The Trash
4 Rescuing Files From The Trash
[edit]
Empty or Not?
The Trash icon will change to show you whether it is empty or contains files, as seen in the pictures below:
[edit]
Deleting items
You delete files and folders by moving them to the Trash. You can:
Drag and drop a file on the trash icon in the dock
Control-click on a file and select "Move to Trash" from the menu
Select a file or files and use the keyboard shortcut: command-backspace

Select a file or files and choose "File > Move to Trash" from the menu bar
[edit]
Emptying The Trash
There are three ways to empty the trash. You can:
Control-click or click and hold on the trash icon in the Dock and choose "Empty Trash" from the menu that
appears
From anywhere in the Finder, choose "Finder > Empty Trash" from the menu bar
From anywhere in the Finder, use the keyboard shortcut command-shift-backspace.
Holding down the option key while doing any of the above will empty the trash without the warning dialog. It will also
usually force locked files to be deleted, something that normally would not happen.
Remember, you cannot recover an item after you empty the trash without a special utility, and this may not always
work, so use Empty Trash with care. Many Mac users only empty their trash when they notice that their system
appears to be slowing down when the trash occupies nearly the entire available hard drive space though waiting
till the trash gets that full is not necessarily advisable.
[edit]
Securely Emptying The Trash
If you are particularly concerned about security, then you can make items deleted from the trash absolutely un-
recoverable by choosing "Finder > Secure Empty Trash" from the menu bar.
[edit]
Rescuing Files From The Trash
If you have accidentally deleted a file or folder and wish to rescue it from the Trash, it is very easy to do (as long as
you have not emptied the Trash).
Open the Trash by clicking its icon in the Dock
Find the file(s) or folder(s) that you wish to rescue
Drag and drop them from out of the Trash to where you want them
Drag and drop

Drag and drop is a term used to describe moving an object on the computer screen with your mouse. It is done by
clicking and holding an object, such as a file, then moving the mouse (dragging), and releasing the mouse button
once the mouse cursor has reached its destination (dropping). Drag and drop has a number of uses, including:
Moving a window
Moving files between folders
Openings files in applications (by dragging a file to the application icon)
Moving or copying text between documents or applications
Saving images from a website (by dragging them to the Finder)
There are many other uses for drag and drop, and almost every Mac OS X application supports it.
control-click
(Redirected from Control-click)
Control-clicking on a Mac is equivalent to right-clicking on a Mac or in Windows. Control-clicking usually shows a
menu at the location of the mouse cursor, known as a contextual menu.
To perform a control-click, hold down the control key on your keyboard (the one with "ctrl" or "control" written on it) and
click the mouse. If you are using a two button mouse then right-clicking has the same effect.
Some actions can only be performed with a control-click, however Apple's Human Interface Guidelines state that
every action that needs to be done should be able to be completed without needing to resort to using a contextual
menu.
Menu bar
(Redirected from menu bar)
The menu bar resides at the top of the screen. It allows you to see which is the current active application and to
perform various commands. The different parts of the menu bar are described in this article.
The menu bar in OS X 10.4 (Tiger) with the Finder active
Contents
[hide]
1 The Apple Menu
2 Menu Extras
2.1 Removing and Arranging Menu Extras
3 Application Menus
3.1 The Application Menu
3.2 File
3.3 Edit
3.4 Window
3.5 Help
3.6 Others
4 Notes
5 Troubleshooting
[edit]
The Apple Menu
The Apple menu is found on the far left of the menu bar. It is always visible and provides access to a few system-wide
commands, preferences and recent items.
[edit]
Menu Extras
Menu Extras are found the far right of the menu bar. They are small, application-like icons or text that provide access
to certain functions. Typically, they are used to provide a shortcut to an exisitng application or service on your
machine, whereby you click on an item to bring up its menu. These are controlled by the SystemUIServer process, so
if it crashes and restarts, so will the menu extras.
A list of most of the Apple-supplied menu extras includes:
The Fast user switching menu
The Clock
The Script Menu
The battery level indicator
Displays
Volume control
iChat status
Sync status
VPN status
PPPoE status
The text input switcher
Remote Desktop status
PPP (modem) status
PC Card status
IrDA (infrared) connection status
Ink control
HomeSync menu (HomeSync appears not to be enabled as of Mac OS X 10.4.3)
The Fax menu

An eject button
The CPU menu (may require CHUD tools installed as part of developer tools)
Classic status and control (includes Apple Menu items from Classic environment)
Bluetooth menu
AirPort status and control
"Verizon.menu"
If the active application has more menus than can fit between the Apple menu and the menu extras, then some of the
menu extras will be hidden.
[edit]
Removing and Arranging Menu Extras
For most menu extras, you can remove them from the menu bar or re-arrange their ordering by holding the command
key and dragging the icon. To remove an item, drag it off the menu bar while holding down the command key.
Unfortunately, not all icons that appear in the menu bar are actually menu extras, and so will not move properly when
command-dragged. This includes the Spotlight menu, and most icons provided by 3rd party applications. 3rd party
applications typically use another mechanism, Status Items, which are immobile, rather than true Menu Extras, the
API for which is not public. This has not stopped several developers from reverse-engineering the Menu Extra API,
and so there are a limited number of full-fledged Menu Extras available from these developers.
The Spotlight menu is some other construct entirely, as it is immobile and does not work like any other menu or status
item; when clicked and held, menus will snap closed when released (this is how menus behaved all the time prior to
Mac OS 8, no matter how long they were held open). The Spotlight menu never snaps closed. However, the Spotlight
menu can be removed (with some caveats, such as the keyboard shortcuts for Spotlight not working) by following
these directions on macosxhints.com.
[edit]
Application Menus
Application menus are those menu items that the application you are using provides. It is almost entirely up to the
application what menus it provides, but as a general rule you can expect to find at least some of the following:
[edit]
The Application Menu
This is the first menu item provided. It is always present and is located next to the Apple menu. The title of this menu
will change to reflect what the current application is.
The Application menu is there for any commands that apply to the application as a whole. In the menu, you can often
expect to find:
"About" - displays a window with some information about the application, such as its version number
"Preferences" - brings up the application's preferences window
"Services" - a list of services that the system can provide you with for use in the application
"Hide" - hides the application
"Quit" - quits the application
You may often find other items in this menu, such as "Donate," " Check for Updates" & "Provide Feedback."
[edit]
File
Most applications provide a File menu and this lists commands for use with the current document in the application.
The file menu generally contains commands for:
Creating new windows
Saving
Opening documents
Closing documents
Printing
[edit]
Edit
Most applications have an Edit menu that allows you to perform some standard edit commands with text in the
application. The edit menu generally contains commands to:
Undo and Redo
Cut, Copy and Paste

Delete/Clear
"Select All"
"Find" text
Check spelling
Display the special characters palette
[edit]
Window
All applications should provide a Window menu. This contains commands for working with the windows of the
application, and generally contains:
Commands to "Minimize" and "Zoom" the frontmost window
Shortcuts to some of the most commonly used windows of the application
A command to bring all of the application's windows to the foreground
A list of all the windows belonging to the application
[edit]
Help
Some applications provide a Help menu that allows you to access any help files or documentation provided with the
application
[edit]
Others
Of course, there are plenty of other menus that may be provided by an application, such as "View," "Font,"
"Advanced" and "Format."
[edit]
Notes
Of note, is that next to every menu item, Mac OS X will display the keyboard shortcut for that command (if a shortcut
exists).
[edit]
Troubleshooting
Occasionally, the system part of the menu bar may lock up (the spinning wait cursor appears over such things as the
clock and the Airport signal strength meter. This indicates that the controlling process, the SystemUIServer, has
locked up. It may need to be force quitted via Activity Monitor or the Terminal.
One known cause of this lockup is trouble with iTunes while an iPod is plugged in to the firewire port. Simply
unplugging the iPod may cause the SystemUIServer to resume.
Fast user switching

Fast user switching allows the user to quickly switch between user accounts on their Mac. The advantage to this is
that it is fast and easy, but the disadvantage is that if a user is still logged on in the background all their current
applications still running will use computer power.
Script Menu
The Script Menu can be added as a Menu Extra to allow easy access to many AppleScript scripts from the menu bar
(Mac OS X ships with several scripts that are ready to use to accomplish some common tasks). You can also add
your own scripts to this menu.
To enable the Script Menu, run AppleScript Utility (located at /Applications/AppleScript/AppleScript Utility) and check
the "Show Script Menu in menu bar" checkbox.
The Script Menu provides access to the contents of the following folders that are usually used to store AppleScript
files:
/Library/Scripts/ - the system level Scripts folder that contains scripts that all users can use
~/Library/Scripts/ - the user level Scripts folder that contains scripts that the current user can use
Generally, each application that has scripts will have a subfolder in one of these folders, which is seen as a submenu
in the Script Menu.
You may already know that AppleScript can be used in conjunction with Automator - so whenever you use Automator
and get stuck while trying to find something that will accomplish what you want to do, you should check what's
available in the existing set of AppleScript scripts and see if executing those scripts as an action within your Automator
Workflow could help.
Displays
This is a directory page, a list of pages that refer to objects or ideas that come from the same general family. Click on
a page title below to learn more about that specific item.
It has been suggested that this page be deleted.
See this article's talk page for discussion.
A selection of guides on choosing a monitor (display).
[edit]
Standard
Standard (4:3) aspect ratio displays
[edit]
Widescreen
Wide (16:10) aspect ratio displays
19" Widescreen (1.3 megapixel)
20-21" Widescreen (1.7 megapixel)
23-24" Widescreen (2.3 megapixel HD)
30" Widescreen (4.1 megapixel HD)
Bluetooth
Bluetooth is a standard for wireless connection of electronic devices and peripherals. It is designed to be small and
easily intergrated so that it can be used in smaller devices and consume less power. The down side of this is that its
transfer rates are relatively slow compared to other wireless technologies. Bluetooth uses radio-frequency signals and
does not require a 'line of sight' that its predecessor, infra-red did.
Industry Wide Bluetooth Logo
Contents
[hide]
1 Versions
1.1 Bluetooth 1.x
1.2 Bluetooth 2.0
2 Devices
2.1 Mobile Phones
3 See Also
4 External Links
[edit]
Versions
[edit]
Bluetooth 1.x
Bluetooth 1.x covers all the older versions of Bluetooth. Virtually every current Bluetooth-enabled device today
supports Bluetooth 1.x. Speeds range from 1 Mbps down.
[edit]
Bluetooth 2.0
Bluetooth 2.0 is a recently introduced update to the bluetooth standard. It allows for datarates up to 3 times faster than
the original Bluetooth standard, with the maximum theoretical being 3 Mbps. It is completely backward-compatable
with Bluetooth 1.x devices.
Very few devices currently shipping sport Bluetooth 2.0, however Apple's current laptops - PowerBooks and iBooks -
do.
[edit]
Devices
Many different kinds of devices can be Bluetooth enabled. Generally, they fall into one of these categories:
Computers
Mobile Phones and headsets for them
Human interface devices, such as computer mice and keyboards
Printers
[edit]
Mobile Phones
Many of todays cell/mobile phones include bluetooth for transfers of media files (MP3's, photo's, videos) and for
sychronisation purposes (Calanders, Contacts, emails) Some phone makes and models are known to have 'better'
bluetooth implementation, with some including basic support for file transfers and others allowing full sychronisation
through iSync. It is always worth researching before buying to avoid dissapointment. As an example, most Samsung
phones do not allow for Java applications or games to be transferred via bluetooth where as Sony Ericsson have
excellent bluetooth support that is usually fully complete and compatible with Apple Macs.
[edit]
See Also
iSync
iSync compatible cellphones
[edit]
External Links
wikipedia:Bluetooth
Apple's iSync page
AirPort
AirPort Extreme Base Station ("AirMac Extreme Base Station" in Japan)
AirPort is Apple's trademarked name for wireless networking, based on IEEE 802.11 standards.
Contents
[hide]
1 AirPort (original version)
2 AirPort Extreme
2.1 Comparison table
2.2 Buyers Guide
3 AirPort Hardware
3.1 AirPort interface
3.2 AirPort Extreme interface
3.3 Base stations
3.4 AirPort Express
3.5 Time Capsule
4 See Also
[edit]
AirPort (original version)
AirPort is a device that can be installed in many different model Macintosh systems for adding Wi-Fi networking
according to the 802.11b standard, providing up to 11Mbps of bandwidth.
This device was discontinued in June, 2004. Original AirPort cards have become quite expensive to acquire and can
go as high as $90(US) on online stores such as eBay.
[edit]
AirPort Extreme
AirPort Extreme is Apple's trademarked name for Wi-Fi networking according to the 802.11g standard, which provides
up to 54Mbps of bandwidth.
AirPort Extreme was updated in January 2007 and features a new design, 802.11Draft-n support, USB support for
hard disks and more.
In October 2009 AirPort Extreme was updated to the 802.11n (Final-N) standard.
On June 21, 2011, Apple unveiled the updated AirPort Extreme Base Station.
Compared to its predecessor, it has achieved a great wireless performance gains of both speed and range.
[edit]
Comparison table
The detailed table of output power comparison between the previous model MC340LL/A and the current model
MD031LL/A can be seen below:
Frequency range AirPort Output Output Comparison Difference

Mode
(MHz) Extreme model Power (dBm) Power (mW) (percents) (percents)
Previous 24.57 286.42 100
802.11b -10.3
Current 24.10 257.04 89.7
Previous 21.56 143.22 100
2412 - 2462 802.11g +114.8
Current 24.88 307.61 214.8
802.11n Previous 21.17 130.92 100
+96.8
HT20 Current 24.11 257.63 196.8
Previous 23.07 202.77 100
5745 - 5825 802.11a +61.1
Current 25.14 326.59 161.1
802.11n Previous 22.17 164.82 100
5745 - 5805 +104.6
HT20 Current 25.28 337.29 204.6
802.11n Previous 21.44 139.32 100
5755 - 5795 +181.8
HT40 Current 25.94 392.64 281.8
Sources: Test Report - Previous versionTest Report - Current versionFederal Communications Commission
(FCC)
[edit]
Buyers Guide
Recommendation: Buy Now! Product just updated
Last Release: June 21, 2011
You must be very careful and check the model number before the purchase!
The model number of the current generation Airport Extreme Base Station: MD031LL/A
A lot of sellers are using the fact that Airport Extreme from different generation looks very similar to each other:
they are still selling old Airport Extreme, which are inferior to new Airport Extreme, at the same price!
For example, Draft-N Airport Extreme is compatible with Final-N devices, but might be incompatible with other
Draft-N devices.
And every generation of Airport Extreme has improvements in both speed and range, if compared with older
generation.
[edit]
AirPort Hardware
Nearly all Macintoshes sold after the introduction of AirPort include either a built-in interface, or a slot where a
user can add an interface.
Earlier Macs include an AirPort slot, while later models include an AirPort Extreme slot.
Macs equipped with AirPort and AirPort Extreme slots have a built-in antenna, which attaches to the interface
card.
[edit]
AirPort interface
The original AirPort interface card resembles a PC Card device and has a very similar form factor.
The card can physically fit in an actual PCMCIA slot, and PC Cards can fit in an AirPort slot, but the electrical
interface is not idenetical.
AirPort cards do not work in PCMCIA slots, and third-party PC cards usually do not work in a Mac's AirPort slot.
[edit]
AirPort Extreme interface
The AirPort Extreme card has a different form factor from the original AirPort card. It is a Mini PCI card, rather
than PCMCIA.
As a result, you can not put an AirPort Extreme interface in a Mac that has an AirPort slot.
[edit]
Base stations
Along with interface cards, Apple has released several different base stations.
These attach to an Ethernet network and allow computers with 802.11b/g networking capability (not just those
with AirPort interfaces) to access the network.
In addition to basic Wi-Fi LAN access, several models also include a 56k modem, to accommodate users of
dial-up internet access.
Some models include a USB port, to allow printer sharing without dedicating a computer to act as server.
In January 2007, Apple released a new Airport Extreme with Wireless n support, it has a USB port to allow
printer sharing or network file access, it also supports parental controls.
In August 2007[1] the Airport Extreme was updated to add Gigabit Ethernet Support.
[edit]
AirPort Express
AirPort Express ("AirMac Express" in Japan)
AirPort Express is a small-scale portable AirPort Extreme base station. It can be used to either provide wireless
access to an Ethernet LAN, or to extend a LAN via a Wi-Fi segment. It includes a USB port for printer sharing
and an audio-out port, allowing computers running iTunes to stream audio over the LAN via AirTunes. Unlike the
full-sized AirPort Extreme Base Station, AirPort Express only supports 10 clients at a time.
Some features, like WDS and bridging (mentioned above) will only work in conjunction with other Apple
Extreme/Express Base stations. AirPort Express can operate in "client mode" on any 802.11b/g network,
however. In this mode, the base station can join a third-party access point and just provide wireless audio and
print serving features. More on client mode can be found here.
While the USB port cannot be used for any data connections besides printers, it has been reported that an iPod
with a USB 2.0 cable can charge through the AirPort Express's USB port.
AirPort Express FAQ
[edit]
Time Capsule
Time Capsule
The Time Capsule is a wireless network-attached storage device combined with a wireless residential gateway
router made by Apple Inc.
It is described as a "Backup Appliance", designed to work in tandem with the Time Machine backup utility,
introduced in Mac OS X 10.5 "Leopard".
The device includes a full AirPort Extreme Base Station with 802.11n wireless (now with Dual Band Support), an
Ethernet WAN port, three Ethernet LAN ports, and one USB port. There is also a "Server grade" hard drive
inside the casing. Time Capsule was introduced at Macworld Conference & Expo on January 15, 2008 and
released on February 29, 2008, with pricing announced at US$299 (199) for the 500 GB version and US$499
(329) for the 1 TB version.
The USB port can be used for an external hard drive or a printer to be shared over the network. In early 2009,
Apple released a newer model offering simultaneous 802.11n dual-band operation to allow older devices to use
the slower wireless speeds without affecting the overall performance of devices that can use the higher 802.11n
speeds.
Also released in this new version is Guest Networking which allows guests to sign on with a different password
to ensure your private network is kept private.
In July 2009, Apple doubled the hard-disk storage space that comes with each model. The $299 Time Capsule
now holds 1TB (instead of 500GB) and the $499 configuration holds 2TB (instead of 1TB). Also by reconfiguring
the internal wireless antenna Apple reported 50% better performance and 25% better wireless range on the
fourth generation model.
Apple again increased the hard-disk storage space in each model in June 2011. The 2TB Time Capsule is now
being sold for $299 (replacing the 1TB model) and the new 3TB model sells for $499.
[edit]
See Also
Keeping your Wireless Network Secure
IEEE 802.11
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
IEEE 802.11 is a set of medium access control (MAC) and physical layer (PHY) specifications
for implementing wireless local area network (WLAN) computer communication in the 2.4, 3.6,
5 and 60 GHz frequency bands. They are created and maintained by the IEEE LAN/MAN
Standards Committee (IEEE 802). The base version of the standard was released in 1997 and has
had subsequent amendments. The standard and amendments provide the basis for wireless
network products using the Wi-Fi brand. While each amendment is officially revoked when it is
incorporated in the latest version of the standard, the corporate world tends to market to the
revisions because they concisely denote capabilities of their products. As a result, in the market
place, each revision tends to become its own standard.
Preferences File
Preferences for all applications and system software components are stored in a file in a Preferences folder, usually
as plist files (plist is short for 'Property List'). They are used in all versions of Mac OS X.
A preference file
The files contain a list of parameters that programs and system software use to define saved preferences. For
example, the com.apple.dock.plist file contains a line enabling the dock to be hidden or permanently on. Sometimes a
preferences files includes settings that cannot be edited using the programs 'Preferences' options and can only be
modified using the Terminal or other editor.
Sometimes if a program is not behaving as it should, or refuses to run at all, deleting the preferences file can fix the
problem. If a preferences file is damaged or corrupted a program may not be able to continue and by removing it the
program will create a fresh file with the default settings. This will cause your preferences to be lost, which might
include information like a serial number or other important settings. If you suspect a faulty preferences file, it is
recommended that you make a back up of the file before deleting it.
Contents
[hide]
1 Formats
1.1 ASCII
1.2 XML
1.3 Binary
2 Editing Plist files
[edit]
Formats
There are three plist formats in use. All are functionally equivalent, and it is up to each program to decide which one it
will use.
[edit]
ASCII
The OpenStep plist format is still occasionally seen under OS X. It uses a different bracket style for each data type,
and may be altered with a regular text editor. See Old-Style ASCII Property Lists at Apple. The main advantage of this
format is that it can be used with older OpenStep software.
[edit]
XML
With OS X came a move to a new XML plist format. It can also be modified with an editor such as TextEdit, and has
the advantage that it can be read using existing non-Apple libraries. See XML Property Lists at Apple for details.
[edit]
Binary
Starting with Mac OS X 10.2 (Jaguar), and seen frequently in 10.4 (Tiger), there is also a binary plist format. While it
cannot easily be manipulated with a plain text editor, it is useful in programs that need to retain large amounts of data.
[edit]
Editing Plist files
To make changes in plist files, it is recommended to use one of the following:
In Terminal using the defaults command.

The Property List Editor application that is included with the Mac OS X Developer Tools.
Spotlight
This tip requires
Mac OS X Tiger
Contents
[hide]
1 Overview
2 Additions in Leopard
3 Handy Keyboard Shortcuts
4 History
5 Guides
[edit]
Overview
Spotlight is a real-time data indexing feature introduced in Mac OS X 10.4 (Tiger). Typing a search string shows files
on the indexed drives that contain the search string in the filename or, with many supported file types, within the
document itself.
By default, the Spotlight menu is displayed by clicking the magnifying glass icon on the far right side of the menu bar
or by typing command-space. This will activate the small menu window, and search results will be listed directly below.
The Spotlight window can be opened by selecting Show All from the Spotlight menu or by typing command-option-
space; this window gives you more control over your search and more information than the menu. You may change
these access keys in the Spotlight Preference Pane.
Spotlight is a system-wide feature, but is also integrated into specific applications. Currently, Finder, Mail, and
Address Book include application-specific Spotlight searches. Spotlight automatically indexes text inside plain- and
rich-text files as well as PDFs. Application developers can write Spotlight plugins to enable Spotlight content indexing
of their file formats; Microsoft has developed a Word plugin and the OmniGroup offers one for OmniOutliner
documents.
[edit]
Additions in Leopard
Spotlight received a number of additional features in Mac OS X 10.5 (Leopard):
Search other machines if you have permission
Specify file types when searching
Addition of recent items
[edit]
Handy Keyboard Shortcuts
Here are some handy keyboard shortcuts for the Spotlight Menu.
Hold down the command key to jump to the top "Top Hit", versus "Show All". So, you can hit command-return
to open the top hit automatically - similar to Google's "I'm Feeling Lucky" button
Use command- and command- to scroll through the top hits of each category
Use control- and control- to jump to the top and bottom of the list
Use command-click to reveal the item in Finder rather than opening it (if it is an application or a document).
[edit]
History
Spotlight has its functional origins in Copland, an Operating System originally developed in 1994, under the leadership
of Gil Amelio, then CEO of Apple. Copland was never released, but some features have found their way, over the
years, into Mac OS and Mac OS X. Copland had the first live search, but wasn't fully matured.
Mac OS 9 and pre-Tiger versions of Mac OS X did include limited content searching in Sherlock and the Finder, but
this search was not as fast, flexible, or comprehensive as Spotlight's content searching.
Some consider Tiger's Spotlight to be one of the first fully matured search engines in an operating system.
Adding filetypes to Spotlight

This tip requires
Mac OS X Tiger
By default, Spotlight doesn't index every file on your hard drive, and it's not very user friendly to add additional types.
This guide details how to add files to the spotlight index.
Contents
[hide]
1 Index Third-Party Filetypes
1.1 Some Noteable Spotlight Plugins
2 Index PHP files
3 Index c and c++ header files
[edit]
Index Third-Party Filetypes
A growing list of applications have Spotlight plugins available for download. These plugings usually take the form of a
package and install all the necessary files (in /Library/Spotlight)
[edit]
Some Noteable Spotlight Plugins
Starry Night
OmniGraffle
Delicious Library (demo)
For a complete list, see Apple's Spotlight download page
[edit]
Index PHP files
This section illustrates, by example, how to add PHP files to your spotlight index.
The Property List Editor showing the new PHP entry
1. Install the developer tools
2. In the finder, Go to "/Library/Spotlight" (command-shift-G)
3. Control-click on SourceCode.mdimporter (which is there if you've installed the developer tools]] and show
package contents
4. Open Info.plist in (preferably) Property List Editor. Otherwise, you'll be editing XML in a text editor
5. Add the following to Root->CFBundleDocumentTypes->0>LSItemsContentTypes
public.php-script
6. Open Terminal and type
mdimport -r /Library/Spotlight/SourceCode.mdimporter
7. After a while, when Spotlight finishes reindexing, you'll be able to search inside PHP files.
[edit]
Index c and c++ header files
1. Open Terminal
2. Type this:
mdimport -f /usr/include
mdimport -f /usr/local/include
mdimport -f /System/Library/Frameworks
Repairing a faulty Spotlight index

To repair a faulty Spotlight index, take the following steps
1. Open System Preferences and click Spotlight
2. Click the Privacy tab
3. Drag a folder or hard drive list into Spotlight window
4. Remove the folder or hard drive that was just added
This will cause Spotlight to clear the existing index and begin re-indexing the folder or hard drive.
Note that you may only be able to drag folders into the privacy panel if they reside on Macintosh-formatted (HFS+)
disks. Doing so with Windows (FAT, NTFS) disks is not yet supported. Additionally, if Spotlight is currently "busy", you
won't be able to add folders. Check the Activity Monitor for mdimport.
0
Mac OS X guides
How to import email from MS Outlook into Apple Mail
How to take screenshots in Mac OS X
How to set up your firewall and How to enable sharing (Internet, files, etc.)
How to remotely control another Mac
How to keep Dashboard widgets on the desktop - to free the widgets from Dashboard
How to install Tiger without DVD

Freeing up hard disk space and Enhancing performance and responsiveness of Mac OS X
How to video/audio chat with a PC user
Mac OS X On A Diet
Moving Email from PC Outlook to Apple Mail

This is a common question asked by Windows switchers, and the solution isn't as easy as it should be. There are
several methods each with their own pros and cons. Choose the one that best meets your needs.
Contents
[hide]
1 IMAP
2 8Convert
3 O2M - Little Machines
4 Thunderbird
5 Outlook Express
[edit]
IMAP
An easy (and free) way to transfer email from Outlook (Windows) to Mail (Mac) is to use an IMAP account (e.g. Gmail)
as an intermediary between the two. It's simple and reliable but can be a bit slow for large amounts of email. Expect
over an hour per Gigabyte.
1. Enable IMAP on your email account. [1]
2. In Windows, open Outlook and add your IMAP account. [2]

3. Copy the folders (don't drag and drop them) from your PST file into your IMAP account. Drag and drop will
move (not copy) your folders and you may lose mail if the communication is interrupted during the move.
4. On the Mac, open Mail and add your IMAP account. [3]
5. If you want your mail stored on your Mac, you can copy it from your IMAP account to mailboxes created by
selecting "On My Mac" as the location in the new mailbox dialog inside the Mail application.
[edit]
8Convert
For an easy migration, you can use Eight Hoof's 8Convert program ($14 shareware), which runs on your PC and
directly exports files for use with Apple Mail. The userguide gives instructions on everything from install to file copying
to importing into Apple Mail.
The program exports Outlook data to industry-standard mbox, vCard, and iCal formats that can be imported into
Apple's Mail, Contacts, and Calendar programs, as well as compatible programs such as Entourage.
[edit]
O2M - Little Machines
This program runs on Windows to convert your Outlook email, contacts, and calendars--which you can take to your
Mac, and then import them into your Mac programs. It's pretty simple to use, however it doesn't work with Outlook
Express. Little Machines' Website
[edit]
Thunderbird
This alternative is free, mostly automated (no renaming of folders) but it requires a separate application, i.e.
Thunderbird.
1. Install Thunderbird. On first launch, tell it to import from Outlook (not Outlook Express).
2. It will import account settings, contacts and email.
3. Copy your Thunderbird profile (XP: C:\Documents and Settings\<your
userid>\Application Data\Thunderbird\Profiles\<your profile>.default,

Vista/7: C:\Users\<your userid>\AppData\Roaming\Thunderbird\Profiles\<your
profile>.default) to your Mac. Several methods can be used to perform the copy operation:
1. If both computers are on the same network, file sharing can be used.
2. If the computers are NOT on the same network, the fastest approach is to zip-compress the profile
folder in Windows, put it on an external storage device, bring the device to your Mac, connect it,
and decompress the zip file.
4. Start the Mail application and go to File > Import.
5. Select Thunderbird and point it to the profile folder you copied to your Mac. The imported mail will be under
"On My Mac".
6. To be safe, you can go to "Mailbox > Rebuild" inside Mail to make sure there's no corruption resulting from
the import.
[edit]
Outlook Express
This option can be done without the need for installing additional software on your PC but it will require Entourage (or
Outlook) on your Mac which you may not have.
1. Open Outlook Express on your PC.
2. Highlight all mail in a folder e.g. "important mail", and drag them into a any folder on your hard drive (ideally -
outlook mail/important). Having Outlook run in window mode (not fullscreen) and dragging the mail to a
folder on your desktop seems to be the easiest way, because you don't have to switch windows.
3. Make as many folders and fill them this way as you have/need, then copy them to your Mac.
4. Start Entourage (or Outlook) on your Mac (if you have either of them).
5. Drag them into a folder the same way as you exported them on your pc.
6. Now you should have the mail in Entourage.
7. Mail can now import mailboxes from Entourage.
Once you've imported all your email into the Mail application, you can delete all the other email from your
desktop/Outlook/Entourage to save space.
Taking Screenshots in Mac OS X

There are several keyboard combinations that can be used to take screenshots in OS X. The SystemUIServer
process handles these commands.
Contents
[hide]
1 Shortcuts
2 Formats
3 Changing Screenshot Options
4 Grab and Preview
5 From the Terminal
6 From Other Applications
7 Third Party Applications
[edit]
Shortcuts
Command-Shift-3: Take a screenshot of the screen, and save it as a file on the desktop
Command-Shift-4, then select an area: Take a screenshot of an area and save it as a file on the desktop
Command-Shift-4, then space, then click a window: Take a screenshot of a window and save it as a file on
the desktop
Command-Control-Shift-3: Take a screenshot of the screen, and save it to the clipboard
Command-Control-Shift-4, then select an area: Take a screenshot of an area and save it to the clipboard
Command-Control-Shift-4, then space, then click a window: Take a screenshot of a window and save it to the
clipboard
In Leopard and later, the following keys can be held down while selecting an area (via Command-Shift-4 or
Command-Control-Shift-4):
Space, to lock the size of the selected region and instead move it when the mouse moves
Shift, to resize only one edge of the selected region
Option, to resize the selected region with its center as the anchor point
[edit]
Formats
Different versions of OS X have different formats for screenshots.
Mac OS X 10.2 (Jaguar): jpg
Mac OS X 10.3 (Panther): pdf
Mac OS X 10.4 (Tiger) and later: png
In Mac OS X 10.4 and later, the default screenshot format can be changed, by opening Terminal (located at
/Applications/Utilities/Terminal) and typing in:
defaults write com.apple.screencapture type image_format

killall SystemUIServer
Where image_format is one of jpg, tiff, pdf, png, bmp or pict (among others). If you omit the second line, you will need
to log out and in again for the change to take effect.
[edit]
Changing Screenshot Options
Various other screenshot settings can also be changed via the Terminal, listed below. These commands must be
followed by the following command for them to take effect:
killall SystemUIServer
Setting Key Parameters Example

image format
defaults write
Screenshot format type (eg jpg, tiff, pdf, png,
com.apple.screencapture type png
bmp or pict)
path defaults write
Location to save screenshots location com.apple.screencapture location
~/Desktop/ (default) ~/Pictures/Screenshots/
Whether screenshots of windows disable- -bool true to disable defaults write

should show shadows shadow shadows com.apple.screencapture disable-
shadow -bool true
-bool false to enable
shadows (default)
defaults write
com.apple.screencapture name
Filename "Screen Capture"
Filename prefix for screenshots name
"Screen Shot" (default) Results in filenames such as "Screen
Capture 2013-07-12 at 2.24PM"
[edit]
Grab and Preview
Instead of using the keyboard shortcuts above, screenshots can be taken by using the Grab application included with
OS X. It is located at /Applications/Utilities/Grab.
Preview can also be used to take screenshots, by using the "Take Screen Shot" submenu in the File menu.
[edit]
From the Terminal
The screencapture command in the Terminal can also be used to capture screenshots, and is useful for scripts. Here
is an example.
screencapture -iW ~/Desktop/screen.jpg
[edit]
From Other Applications
In Snow Leopard and later, screenshots can be embedded automatically in text editing areas of most applications,
such as Mail and TextEdit. Right-click (or control-click) in the text area, choose "Capture Selection from Screen", and
select an area of the screen. Alternatively, this command can be selected from the Services menu in the application
menu. The screenshot will be inserted at the current cursor location.
Although only "Capture Selection from Screen" is provided by default, other commands can be added for inserting
screenshots of the whole screen, or of the whole screen using a timer. To add these (as of Mountain Lion), go to
System Preferences > Keyboard > Keyboard Shortcuts > Services, and check the corresponding commands in the
Pictures section. Keyboard shortcuts can also be added. Note that these changes may not take effect immediately in
all applications.
[edit]
Third Party Applications
There are a huge number of third party applications that can be used to take screenshots. Several popular ones are
listed below:
Jing Great for screen shots, video recording and has an extremely useful online sharing feature.
Snapz Pro X is very popular and can even record movies. It has a large range of features, and is shareware.
SnapNDrag is also popular and offers several features in addition to those offered by the default screen
capture tools. With SnapNDrag, users take a screenshot, then drag it to their destination. SnapNDrag is freeware,
but also has a pro version.
Screen Mimic is shareware that can be used to record animations of your desktop to .swf files for tutorials,
software demonstrations, etc.
System Firewall
(Redirected from System firewall)
It is good security practice to enable the firewall on a new Mac (or any computer), which makes it more secure against
attacks, especially if you haven't yet installed the latest security updates. To enable it follow the following steps:
1. Open System Preferences, which can be found in the Apple menu.
2. Choose the Sharing preference pane (it's in the Internet and Network section).
3. Select the Firewall pane and click the Start button to turn on the firewall.
4. You can also enable Stealth Mode for even greater security. To do this, click on the Advanced button, shown above,
then check the 'Enable Stealth Mode' box.
Note: Some applications, such as multiplayer games, may require that you temporarily disable the firewall.
EaseUS CleanGenius Online Help

Download CleanGenius V2.1 User Guide, CleanGenius V3.0 User Guide, CleanGenius V4.0
User Guide, CleanGenius V4.0.1 User Guide.
Getting Started
In this chapter you find the basic information about CleanGenius - system requirements,
install, uninstall and how to activate CleanGenius trial version.
Features
This chapter will give a detailed overview of each feature including the how-to instructions.
Mac cleaner: Clean up junk files swiftly
Duplicates finder: Find and remove duplicate files
Disk usage: Locate and remove the unwanted large files
App uninstaller: Completely remove the unused apps & their related files
Memory freer: Free system memory for better performance
Set login items: Manage the login items by one click
Disk space monitor: Monitor and warn you when the free space is running low
Disk Ejector: Safely eject the mounted drives
Device browser: Easily access device contents
Duplicates finder
Duplicates function helps you remove the duplicated files at the specified location.
Duplicated files may have different file names and lurk in different folders, but they have the
identical contents.
The steps:
1. Lanuch EaseUS CleanGenius. Go to Duplicates. Click "Circle" icon. Choose the

location you want to scan. Or drag the specific folder to it.
2. After the scan, the bundles of duplicated files will be sorted by file types. Tick the
unneeded duplicates.
3. Click Remove button.
Note:
Highlight the file. Clicking the Eye at the bottom right corner will open the file.
Clicking Magnifier will browse the file in Finder.
After clean, a copy of duplicate files will remain by default. You can also manually
keep the copies you want. To accomplish this, click the triangle icon before the duplicates
bundle to unfold it. Tick and remove the files you do not need.
At step 2, choosing smaller folder to scan can increase the speed of process.
App uninstaller
Generally, you can go to Finder -> Applications, drag the application to Trash and uninstall
it. But some application files still remain in this way, such as preference file and support file.
For example, the plist file in the ~/Libraray/Preferences/ directory. You can safely clean these
files to reclaim your hard disk space.
The Uninstall function of EaseUS CleanGenius will delete the files belong to the application.
For example, the files in the ~/Library/Preferences and ~/Library/Application Support
directory will be deleted when EaseUS CleanGenius uninstall certain application.
The steps:
1. Launch EaseUS CleanGenius. Go to Uninstall. After the auto scan, the installed
applications will be listed.
2. Tick the unneeded application.
3. Click Uninstall button to remove the application entirely.
Note:
Multi applications can be ticked and uninstalled simultaneously.
Memory freer
Different usage in the memory:
Free: The unused memory.
Wired: The used memory for the system and application core components.
Active: The used memory for the running system and application processes.
Inactive: The used memory for cache purpose. It stores the information of quitted
applications. If you rerun those applications, they will be launched notably faster.
The Mac OS X does not release Inactive memory until free memory runs out. When free
memory is not enough for the fresh application you launched, OS will release part of inactive
memory for new demand. If the application requires additional memory during running, this
convert will continue. Such mechanism causes the new application would run very slowly.
EaseUS CleanGenius provides a perfect solution. When you notice the free memory is
insufficient, you can manually Free inactive memory for your new demands.
The steps:
1. Launch EaseUS CleanGenius. Go to Free Memory.
2. Check memory usage in the visualizer, especially the value of Free and Inactive.
3. Click Free Memory button.
Memory freer
Different usage in the memory:
Free: The unused memory.
Wired: The used memory for the system and application core components.
Active: The used memory for the running system and application processes.
Inactive: The used memory for cache purpose. It stores the information of quitted
applications. If you rerun those applications, they will be launched notably faster.
The Mac OS X does not release Inactive memory until free memory runs out. When free
memory is not enough for the fresh application you launched, OS will release part of inactive
memory for new demand. If the application requires additional memory during running, this
convert will continue. Such mechanism causes the new application would run very slowly.
EaseUS CleanGenius provides a perfect solution. When you notice the free memory is
insufficient, you can manually Free inactive memory for your new demands.
The steps:
1. Launch EaseUS CleanGenius. Go to Free Memory.
2. Check memory usage in the visualizer, especially the value of Free and Inactive.
3. Click Free Memory button.
Set login items
Unneeded applications may auto run every time when you boot Mac. This will reduce Mac
performance. Now you can manage the login items by EaseUS CleanGenius.
The steps:
1. Launch EaseUS CleanGenius. Go to Login Items.
2. Highlight the program. Click to remove it from the list.
Note:
To check the app on the login list, clicking the button Open will run the application.
Clicking Magnifier will browse the application in Finder.
You can add the application to the login list as well. Click button Add + at the bottom
left corner. Select the app and confirm the operation. The application will automatically run
next boot.
Please beware. The fewer login items, the better performance.
Disk space monitor and warning

After EaseUS CleanGenius is launched, a Mini Monitor on Status Bar shows the startup disk
space usage. You can enable the option Launch at login in preference to auto run Mini
Monitor when Mac boots up. This allows you monitor the disk space, view the device
content and remove the mounted device quite easily at any time.
The disk will be showed in orange when its free space is lower that 10% by default. It
indicates the disk free space is running low and you should use Fast Clean, Duplicates or
Uninstall Applications to release more space for better usage. You may also manually set
the alarm level in Preferences.
Disk ejector
The mounted devices can be ejected in Mini Monitor.
The device which can be ejected is marked as small triangle button. Click the button and the
device will be ejected if it is not opened or being used by other applications.
You can also eject all mounted devices simultaneously by Eject All function in Mini
Monitor.
Device browser
The devices can be directly browsed though Mini Monitor. Click the device in Mini Monitor,
and its contents will be showed in Finder Window. This is especially effective to access
mounted network storage device.
Related topics
System Firewall
(Redirected from System firewall)
It is good security practice to enable the firewall on a new Mac (or any computer), which makes it more secure against
attacks, especially if you haven't yet installed the latest security updates. To enable it follow the following steps:
1. Open System Preferences, which can be found in the Apple menu.
2. Choose the Sharing preference pane (it's in the Internet and Network section).
3. Select the Firewall pane and click the Start button to turn on the firewall.
4. You can also enable Stealth Mode for even greater security. To do this, click on the Advanced button, shown above,
then check the 'Enable Stealth Mode' box.

Note: Some applications, such as multiplayer games, may require that you temporarily disable the firewall.

This is a common question asked by Windows switchers, and the solution isn't as easy as it should be. There are
several methods each with their own pros and cons. Choose the one that best meets your needs.
Contents
[hide]
1 IMAP
2 8Convert
3 O2M - Little Machines
4 Thunderbird
5 Outlook Express
[edit]
IMAP
An easy (and free) way to transfer email from Outlook (Windows) to Mail (Mac) is to use an IMAP account (e.g. Gmail)
as an intermediary between the two. It's simple and reliable but can be a bit slow for large amounts of email. Expect
over an hour per Gigabyte.
1. Enable IMAP on your email account. [1]
2. In Windows, open Outlook and add your IMAP account. [2]
3. Copy the folders (don't drag and drop them) from your PST file into your IMAP account. Drag and drop will
move (not copy) your folders and you may lose mail if the communication is interrupted during the move.
4. On the Mac, open Mail and add your IMAP account. [3]
5. If you want your mail stored on your Mac, you can copy it from your IMAP account to mailboxes created by
selecting "On My Mac" as the location in the new mailbox dialog inside the Mail application.
[edit]
8Convert
For an easy migration, you can use Eight Hoof's 8Convert program ($14 shareware), which runs on your PC and
directly exports files for use with Apple Mail. The userguide gives instructions on everything from install to file copying
to importing into Apple Mail.
The program exports Outlook data to industry-standard mbox, vCard, and iCal formats that can be imported into
Apple's Mail, Contacts, and Calendar programs, as well as compatible programs such as Entourage.
[edit]
O2M - Little Machines
This program runs on Windows to convert your Outlook email, contacts, and calendars--which you can take to your
Mac, and then import them into your Mac programs. It's pretty simple to use, however it doesn't work with Outlook
Express. Little Machines' Website
[edit]
Thunderbird
This alternative is free, mostly automated (no renaming of folders) but it requires a separate application, i.e.
Thunderbird.
1. Install Thunderbird. On first launch, tell it to import from Outlook (not Outlook Express).
2. It will import account settings, contacts and email.
3. Copy your Thunderbird profile (XP: C:\Documents and Settings\<your
userid>\Application Data\Thunderbird\Profiles\<your profile>.default,

Vista/7: C:\Users\<your userid>\AppData\Roaming\Thunderbird\Profiles\<your
profile>.default) to your Mac. Several methods can be used to perform the copy operation:
1. If both computers are on the same network, file sharing can be used.
2. If the computers are NOT on the same network, the fastest approach is to zip-compress the profile
folder in Windows, put it on an external storage device, bring the device to your Mac, connect it,
and decompress the zip file.
4. Start the Mail application and go to File > Import.

5. Select Thunderbird and point it to the profile folder you copied to your Mac. The imported mail will be under
"On My Mac".
6. To be safe, you can go to "Mailbox > Rebuild" inside Mail to make sure there's no corruption resulting from
the import.
[edit]
Outlook Express
This option can be done without the need for installing additional software on your PC but it will require Entourage (or
Outlook) on your Mac which you may not have.
1. Open Outlook Express on your PC.
2. Highlight all mail in a folder e.g. "important mail", and drag them into a any folder on your hard drive (ideally -
outlook mail/important). Having Outlook run in window mode (not fullscreen) and dragging the mail to a
folder on your desktop seems to be the easiest way, because you don't have to switch windows.
3. Make as many folders and fill them this way as you have/need, then copy them to your Mac.
4. Start Entourage (or Outlook) on your Mac (if you have either of them).
5. Drag them into a folder the same way as you exported them on your pc.
6. Now you should have the mail in Entourage.
7. Mail can now import mailboxes from Entourage.
Once you've imported all your email into the Mail application, you can delete all the other email from your
desktop/Outlook/Entourage to save space.

Be aware these instructions are quite outdated now, and will NOT work with OS X Snow Leopard! --Riverside
21:09, 13 March 2011 (EDT)
This article or section is based on a forum post written by edesignuk.

Networking Windows (2000/XP/2003*) with Mac OS X (10.3/10.4)
Contents
[hide]
1 Before you Begin...
1.1 Remote Computers
1.2 Remote Printers
2 Information you will need to know
3 System Configuration
4 Setting up the PC to share files
5 Setting up the Mac to share files
6 Accessing your Mac from your PC
6.1 Using WinSCP
7 Accessing your PC from your Mac
8 Windows Server 2003 Authentication
9 Links
[edit]
Before you Begin...
Since Panther, Mac OS X comes with a pretty sophisticated network discovery tool that allows other computers
and printers to become accessible with virtually no configuration whatsoever, particularly in an existing home or
office environment where shares and printers have already been set up. Before following the rest of this guide,
which may be quite technical for the novice, see if it's even necessary.
[edit]
Remote Computers
In the Finder, click on the Network icon in the upper left of a finder window
Wait a few moments.
You should see Workgroups or Computers begin to appear.
Click on one of these, and it should ask for a username and password.
If successful, the remote computer's share will be visible as a mounted volume
[edit]
Remote Printers
From the Print dialog, access the Printer->Bonjour Printers menu item
A list of networked printers should appear. Select one and OS X will attempt to create a configuration for it
If successful, you should be able to print to the remotely networked printer.
If the above simple approach did not work, it probably just means the network needs to be set up. Use the rest
of this article as a guide to accomplish this task, which should only need to be done once.
[edit]
Information you will need to know
The IP Address of both your Mac and PC
The workgroup the PC is in (Right click on My Computer and select Properties, then click the Computer
Name tab)
[edit]
System Configuration
It is important that the account you log in with on your XP system has a password set, if it does not you will not
be able to login to your Windows share from OS X.
You need to put your Mac in the same workgroup as your Windows PC. To do this open Directory Access
(Applications > Utilities > Directory Access). Click on the padlock in the bottom left corner to make changes; you
will be prompted for your password. If SMB is not checked, then check it. Select SMB and hit the
Configure button. Now enter the name of your Windows workgroup. In my case the name is AD.
[edit]
Setting up the PC to share files
You need to create and share a folder on your PC that you will then access from your Mac. To do this create a
folder (or select and existing one) right click on it from Windows Explorer and select Properties. Select the
Sharing tab and share out the folder. Id recommend you use a one word name for the share. For example
mac, not Apple Mac Share, it just narrows the risk of complications.
[edit]
Setting up the Mac to share files
Open System Preferences (Applications > System Preferences). Go to Sharing under Internet & Network,
and check Windows Sharing, and if it doesnt start by itself, click Start. This will share out your entire home
folder.
If you're running Tiger (10.4), you will also need to click the "Accounts" button and check the box next to your
account name so that OS X knows to share out your particular home folder.
[edit]
Accessing your Mac from your PC
Click Start > Run and enter \\192.168.1.2\edesignuk, replacing the IP address with the IP address of your
Mac, and edesignuk with the short user name of your account in OS X. When asked to authenticate enter your
Mac accounts short user name and password. All being well you should now be able to see you entire home
folder on your OS X system. You can also map this share like you would any other Windows network share so
that it is accessible from a drive letter.
[edit]
Using WinSCP
In some cases it can be difficult to access your Mac directly from your PC. If instead you enable Remote Login
on your Mac, in Sharing under Internet & Network then you can use WinSCP to access your Mac from your
PC by typing in the IP address and username/password as before.
[edit]
Accessing your PC from your Mac
To mount a Windows share on your Mac, click on your desktop so that Finder is the active application, from the
Finder menu go to Go > Connect to Server. In the Server Address field enter smb://192.168.1.3/mac,
replacing the IP address with the IP address of your PC, and mac with the name of the Windows share you
created earlier.
When asked to authenticate enter the name of your PC in Workgroup/Domain (Unless your PC is part of a
domain and your PC account is held on a domain controller, in which case enter the domain that you normally
log on to Windows with). For Username and Password enter the username and password which you use to
log on to your Windows machine with. Click ok and your shared folder should be mounted as a network drive on
your desktop.
[edit]
Windows Server 2003 Authentication
By default Windows Server 2003 will try to encrypt everything sent to and from it. With this enabled you will not
be able to log in to the share from your Mac.
To fix this there are a couple of options.
Case 1, your server is nothing more than a regular file server. In this case open up regedit (Start > Run >
"regedit" {return}), and navigate to HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE \ System \ CurrentControlSet \ Services \
LanManServer \ Parameter \ RequireSecuritySignature, and set it's value to "0".
Case 2, your server is also a Domain Controller. In which case you need to open the DC's Security Policy
(Administrative Tools > Domain Controller Security Policy). Navigate to Local Policies > Security Options, and
disable "Microsoft network server: Digitally sign communications (always)" & "Microsoft network server: Digitally
sign communications (if client agrees)". Reboot your sever, and you should be good to go.
[edit]
Links
A good resource for connecting Macs and Windows machines on a network
http://www.macwindows.com
Remotely Controlling another Mac
This article needs to be cleaned up to conform to a higher standard of quality.
See Help:How to Edit a Page and Help:Style Guide for help, or this article's talk page.
This article contains out of date information that doesn't reflect recent events or releases.
You can help by updating it.
This article or section is based on a forum post written by beaster.
Contents
[hide]
1 Introduction
2 Preparation
3 Setting up the Administrator
4 Setting up the Client
4.1 Prior to Lion
4.2 With Lion
5 Increased Security With Public Key Authentication
6 Connecting
7 Links
[edit]
Introduction
There are a number of ways to control another computer remotely. This guide, while complicated, walks you
through a method that will create an easy to use and secure method of remotely controlling another Mac. The
idea is to be able to remotely view and, if needed, control another Mac in order to help teach a new Mac user
how to do something or fix their problem.

This method isn't the only way of doing it, but it meets the following criteria:
Secure - Doesn't pass anything in the clear over the internet.
Free - Timbuktu and Apple Remote Desktop (ARD) Server are great products, but not free.
Built-in - Using as many standard built-in tools as possible keeps things simple.
Simple - Point-and-click simplicity on the client's end.
Zero or at least minimal network changes on client's end - No need for client to configure his/her router.
[For the purposes of this guide, the client will be the computer being controlled, and the administrator is the
computer controlling the client.]
[edit]
Preparation
Things you will need:
A VNC server. This guide recommends Apple Remote Desktop Client, but other VNC servers could be used,
e.g. OSXVNC
A VNC client. This guide will use Chicken of the VNC, but other VNC clients could be used.
A Dynamic DNS name for the administrator computer. Unless the administrator computer already has a static IP
address or DNS name, obtaining a Dynamic DNS name for the administrator computer will greatly simplify the
process. This can be done free of charge at DynDNS among other places.
[edit]
Setting up the Administrator
First, enable Remote Login (i.e. ssh server) on the administrator computer. (System Preferences > Sharing >
Services)
Second, create a dummy, non-privileged account (called "dummy") to receive the tunnel. (System Preferences >
Accounts > +)
Next install Chicken of the VNC on the administrator. COTVNC is lightweight, free, and works out of the box with
no changes.
Also setup a Dynamic DNS (DDNS) name for the administrator using DynDNS (again, free). This will allow you
to hard-code a DNS name instead of an IP address on the client since the administrator probably doesn't have a
fixed public IP address.

Now, since the administrator computer is likely behind a NAT router and is running the Mac firewall, you will
have to map the ssh port (port 22) on your router to your adminsitrator computer, and you will have to open up
the ssh port on the Mac Firewall. For increased security, this can all be turned off when the tunnel isn't in use
(which is easy since it's on the administrator's end, not the client's).
[edit]
Setting up the Client
[edit]
Prior to Lion
The first thing to do on the client is upgrade to the latest ARD client software. This is available as a free
download on the Apple site:Apple Remote Desktop Client. It's called the ARD client, but it's a VNC server under
the sheets.
Once ARD is installed, go into the Sharing preferences pane on the client and start the ARD service. Also go
into the Access Privileges for ARD and enable "VNC viewers may control screen with Password". Just put any
old password in - it doesn't matter and will be ignored since we're tunneling over ssh. Also put a check next to
the client's user account and check "Observe" and "Control" (not actually sure if this is necessary, but
whatever).
Note that you do NOT need to open up the ARD ports on the client's software firewall since this will be tunneled
over ssh. In fact, you don't even need to open up the ssh ports on the client since the client is sending the ssh
request outbound (it's a reverse tunnel), not receiving ssh requests inbound. This way is VERY secure - the
client is completely stealthed.
Next, Create a saved Terminal file on the client to launch the reverse tunnel. In Terminal choose File > Save As
then give the file a name. Click on "Execute this command" and enter the following:
ssh dummy@mypowerbook.ddnsname.whatever -R 5900:127.0.0.1:5900
Then check "Execute command in shell" and click Save.
This creates a reverse (hence the -R) tunnel mapping the VNC client port (5900) on the administrator computer
to the VNC server port (also 5900) on the client. It's a reverse tunnel meaning that although you establish the
connection from the client to the administrator, the "flow" or the port mapping actually goes in the opposite
direction - from the admin to the client.
Why all the trouble? This configuration does not require the client to open up any ports on their Mac's firewall or
do any port re-mapping on their router to allow for inbound ssh connections. The tunnel originates from the
client's computer but allows the administrator to connect back to the VNC server on the client's computer. Now
all the client has to do is double-click on the saved terminal file when they want to establish the tunnel and allow
the administrator to observe or control their computer.
[edit]
With Lion
The first thing to do on the client is upgrade to the latest ARD client software. This is available as a free
download on the Apple site:Apple Remote Desktop Client. It's called the ARD client, but it's a VNC server under
the sheets.
Once ARD is installed, do the following:
1. If not already running, start System Preferences;
2. Sharing;
3. Check "Remote Management";
4. A pull-down menu will appear with certain controls, set the ones needed in your case;
5. Click OK;
6. By now, the dot before "Remote Management" should have turned green and the text passed to the
"On" status;
7. Click on "Computer settings";
8. Check "VNC viewers may control screen with password:";
9. Insert a password (maximum 8 characters);
10. Click on "Ok";
Note that you do NOT need to open up the ARD ports on the client's software firewall since this will be tunneled
over ssh. In fact, you don't even need to open up the ssh ports on the client since the client is sending the ssh
request outbound (it's a reverse tunnel), not receiving ssh requests inbound. This way is VERY secure - the
client is completely stealthy.

Next, create a "New Command" in Terminal:
1. If not already running, start Terminal;
2. In the menu, click on "Shell";
3. Select "New Command...";
4. In the "Command:" field, type:
ssh dummy@the_address_of_the_administrator_computer -R 5900:127.0.0.1:5900
Beware, in the administrator computer, System Preferences, Sharing, Remote Login, check that
user dummy is allowed for access.
5. Check "Run command inside a shell";
6. Click on the "Run" button.
This creates a reverse (hence the -R) tunnel mapping the VNC client port (5900) on the administrator computer
to the VNC server port (also 5900) on the client. It's a reverse tunnel meaning that although you establish the
connection from the client to the administrator, the "flow" or the port mapping actually goes in the opposite
direction - from the admin to the client.
Why all the trouble? This configuration does not require the client to open up any ports on their Mac's firewall or
do any port re-mapping on their router to allow for inbound ssh connections. The tunnel originates from the
client's computer but allows the administrator to connect back to the VNC server on the client's computer.
[edit]
Increased Security With Public Key Authentication
Any need for exchanging or remembering the password for the dummy account can be eliminated by using
public key authentication to establish the ssh tunnel. This step isn't really necessary if you don't mind the client
having to remember and type in the dummy user's password, but that doesn't seem to meet the "simple"
criterion above. Using password-based authentication also increases the possibility that someone could use the
open ssh port as a means of a brute-force attack on the administrator computer.

Generate a DSA public-private key pair on the client under the client's user account (in Terminal, type "ssh-
keygen -t dsa" and accept the defaults). The client's public key will be saved to the specified location (e.g.
~/.ssh/id_dsa.pub).
The client's public key should be copied to the ~/.ssh/authorized_keys2 file under the dummy account on the
administrator computer. If this file already exists (i.e. the administrator is supporting more than one client
computer) the public key should be appended to those already in ~dummy/.ssh/authorized_keys2. Note there's
no real security risk in having the client send their public key to the administrator by email or IM - that's why it's
called a "public" key. Once the client's public key has been installed, password-based ssh authentication can be
disabled on the adminstrator computer, if so desired.
[edit]
Connecting
All the client has to do is double-click on that Terminal file to start-up the tunnel.
Once the tunnel is established, start COTVNC on the administrator computer, type in "localhost" under the Host:
field, leave the display/port set to 0, leave the password field empty, and click Connect. The client's screen
appears and the administrator can use their mouse and keyboard to control the client computer.
Note that the administrator does NOT need to be logged in as the dummy user. The whole point of the dummy
user is to be the end point for the tunnel. Once the tunnel is up, the ports are mapped for all users logged on the
administrator computer. Any user on the administrator computer can take advantage of the tunnel.
Also note that with this method you never need to know the IP address of the client. This simplifies the process
so the client does not have to try to figure out the public IP address of their router every time they want to start
the tunnel.
[edit]
Links
Wikipedia article on VNC
Wikipedia article on SSH
Wikipedia article on DDNS
Apple - Remote Desktop (Server)
Keeping Dashboard widgets on the desktop

This tip requires
Mac OS X Tiger
This article or section is based on a forum post written by Andy C.
Usually Dashboard widgets can only be accessed by activating Dashboard, however this guide explains how to
leave some of them on the Desktop instead.
[edit]
Enabling dev mode
Before you can move widgets to the Desktop, you need to enable dev mode by opening Terminal and typing:
defaults write com.apple.dashboard devmode YES
then press Return, logout and log back in again. (Alternatively, type "killall Dock" in Terminal to restart the Dock.)
[edit]
Moving widgets to the desktop
To get a widget off of the Dashboard and onto your Desktop, follow these steps:
Activate Dashboard by pressing F12 (or whatever key you've assigned to Dashboard)
Begin dragging the widget
Press F12 again, before letting go of the mouse button and drop the widget wherever you want
You can repeat this for as many widgets as you like.
Installing Mac OS X 10.4 without DVD

This article or section is based on a forum post written by Hank_Reardon.
I've seen many posts concerning Apple's decision to ship Mac OS X 10.4 exclusively on DVD. While I
understand that Apple has offered its customers a $10 exchange option to "downgrade" to CDs, I would like to
post a second option for those more adventurous types. Mac OS X Tiger can be installed from any FireWire
Hard Drive or any iPod with FireWire (4th Generation iPod or earlier).
[edit]
Requirements
1. Tiger install DVD
2. A friend's Mac with a DVD drive
3. An iPod with a FireWire cable. (You cannot start a Mac off of a USB drive) If you don't have an iPod,
any FireWire drive will work, as long as it has about 2.5Gb of space free
[edit]
Steps
1. Connect your iPod to a Mac with a DVD drive and ensure that you have enabled mounting of your
iPod as a disk. You should also insert the Tiger DVD.
2. Launch Apple's Disk Utility applet, found in /Applications/Utilities/
3. Choose any disk listed on the left hand side and select the "Restore" tab.
4. Here you will see a "Source:" field and a "Destination:" field. On the left you should be able to find your
iPod drive and your Tiger DVD. You want to drag the Tiger DVD to the "Source:" field and the iPod
drive to the "Destination:" field.
5. Next click Restore. You need not check "Erase Destination" unless you just want to (be careful if you
are using a normal FireWire hard drive - you could erase all of its contents if you check the "Erase
Destination" box!).
Once that process has completed, your iPod will be a fully bootable Tiger installation image. Simply plug your
iPod into the system onto which you'd like to install Tiger, pull up the Startup Disk applet in the System
Preferences, and the iPod will appear in the list of available start up volumes (assuming once again you have
enabled mounting of your iPod as a hard drive). Select it, click restart and proceed with installation. Alternatively,
on Macs that support Open Firmware, by pressing and holding Option as the computer starts up you will be able
to choose the iPod as a startup disk.

There are a few additional nuances and implications to this method. First of all, you can also use a disk image
to restore your iPod. If you have trouble using the aforementioned methodology you can first generate an image
of your install DVD, then mount that image and then use the mounted volume as the source.
Second, since most external hard drives, iPod included, are faster than most internal DVD-rom drives (my
iBook's included), this method can greatly decrease the requisite install time (not taking into account the time
invested preparing the volume). If you must install Tiger on multiple machines and would like to avoid the
dangers of scuffing the disk or would like to decrease the wait time, this is also a viable option.
Lastly, and in my opinion most interestingly, this is a good method of making an install partition. Once you get
the system to boot off the iPod (or external hard drive), if you have made a disk image of your install DVD you
can easily use Apple's disk tools to format a small 3 gig-or-so partition and restore it with the install DVD's
image. This way if in the future you need to do a fresh Tiger install, you can simply boot off of this partition and
zap, new system in no time.
Discussion Thread
Freeing Up Hard Disk Space

It has been suggested that this article or section be merged with Cleaning Your Mac's Hard Drive.
To free up hard disk space, the first step is to know what to remove.
Contents
[hide]
1 Empty your Trash
2 Remove applications you don't use
3 Remove disk images from downloaded files
4 Clear web browser caches
5 Remove disk space hogs
6 Run maintenance utilities

7 Archive your E-Mail
8 Cleaning Tips
9 Useful Cleaning Applications
[edit]
Empty your Trash
The most basic thing is to empty your Trash regularly. Unless you're unsure of whether you may need a deleted file
later, there's no reason to have a Trash brimming with files.
But this is not the only trash you need to empty. Empty the trash in iPhoto, iMovie, and Mail too.
[edit]
Remove applications you don't use
Your Mac comes with a lot of commercial applications on a trial basis (like Microsoft Office, FileMaker etc.). If you
know that you're not going to use those applications, remove them! Open your Applications folder (with command-
shift-A in Finder), drag unused applications to the Trash and then empty the Trash. Trashing the application may only
remove its core files. To reclaim more space, manually search and remove application preference and support files, or
try to use uninstaller tools like CleanGenius or AppZapper to uninstall applications.
[edit]
Remove disk images from downloaded files
Whenever you download applications to install, delete the disk image (.dmg) files. See this section in Installing
Applications in OS X for more detail.
[edit]
Clear web browser caches
To improve performance, all web browsers store downloaded pages and files in a cache so that they can re-use those
files (instead of re-downloading them) if you visit those same pages again. Clearing the cache could provide some
free space. Although clearing the cache for security reasons is a good thing, it reflects very poorly on your disk space
management skills if you have to do it to save space! Clearing the browser cache can be done in the your web
browser's Preferences window (command-,).
[edit]
Remove disk space hogs
Delete data that you don't need, or move them to an external hard disk, CDs or DVDs. To avoid wasting time in
moving or deleting files or folders that don't provide a huge benefit, first take stock of what you have and find out
which folders or files occupy a lot of space. To do this, you could download and install an application, like the free
application Disk Inventory X (please consider donating some money to help the developer). Run it and it will show you
the space used by various kinds of files in a hierarchical order. Once you know which ones to delete, move them to
the Trash (or hit command-delete), then empty it.
[edit]
Run maintenance utilities
Free system maintenance utilities like MainMenu or Onyx can help clean up temporary files, system caches and logs
(please consider donating some money to help the developers). This should also be considered more as a
maintenance task than a disk space saving task.
[edit]
Archive your E-Mail
Saving every copy of every email to the harddrive may not be an option when space is tight. Consider archiving the
email.
[edit]
Cleaning Tips
Download the application AppZapper and go through your application folder, removing all unneeded and
unused applications you can find.
Remove all system and application localization files not used for your language. Removing these does not
remove the ability to read and type languages other than English, just to run your entire system or applications on
these languages. Download the application Monolingual or DeLocalizer to make it easier.
Open iPhoto and delete photos you no longer need. iPhoto has its own application trash so remember to
empty afterwards.
Open iMovie and do the same, including trash.
Open iTunes and delete all of the music and podcasts you no longer like or need. Remove all the album
covers (artwork) in iTunes. Depending on the size of your music library they may use hundreds of megabytes. To
delete all artwork at once, select all the music in your library and press Apple-I (Cmd-I). In the Multiple Song
Information window find the empty artwork field on the right. Click the checkmark next to it. This deletes all of
them. Empty iTunes trash.
Convert your iTunes music to a compressed format. Many people change the import feature to the lossless
AIFF format to burn CDs and then leave the files in that format. To check what format your music files are, CTRL-
click the title bar with the song names, time and artists and select Kind from the context menu. If they are AIFF
format, change the import format in the Preferences to AAC, then select the AIFF songs and CTRL-click to bring
up the context menu and select Convert Selection to AAC. Trash the AIFF files.
Spend some time and go through your Documents, Movies, and Pictures folder, deleting any junk you no
longer have any use for.
Clear out old email messages in Mail or other email program. Empty their trash too.
If you have deleted an unneeded user from your system, unless you clicked Delete Immediately, you will
have compressed deleted user accounts in your Users folder. If you did an Archive and Install, then you will have
a Previous Systems folder. Trash them too.
Go to ~/Library/Caches/, and delete anything you see from applications you no longer have installed. Repeat
the process in ~/Library/Preferences/.
Go to ~/Library/Safari/, and delete the Icons folder. This stores all of the favicons on websites, which
appear next to the URL. This can also speed up web browsing speed in Safari.
If you dont use it, remove Mac OS 9. To remove it, drag the "System Folder" and the "Application (Mac OS
9)" folders to the trash from the root of your hard drive.
If you dont need it, remove the Xcode installer, located in /Applications/Installers/.
Go to ~/Music/GarageBand/ and delete any GarageBand demo songs.
Remove unecessary iChat icons from ~/Pictures/iChat Icons/.
Leave your Mac on overnight from 3 AM - 5 AM. Mac OS creates temporary files that document the system
operation. These temp files are cleaned up automatically at night.
Finally, remember to empty the Apple trash on your dock again.

Once you have done everything on the list, you should have a nice, clean hard-drive, with plenty of free space. If you
are still lacking on the free space, you could purchase an external hard-drive. Before you do, run some applications
listed below as a final clean up spree to free up more space.
[edit]
Useful Cleaning Applications
CleanGenius
CleanGenius is an all-in-one Mac system clean utility combined with app uninstaller, duplicate finder, big files finder,
memory free, login items management, disk space monitor and disk ejector. It cleans potentially unneeded files,
removes the unwanted applications and related files.
iDefrag
iDefrag is an advanced Mac OS X disk defragmentation and optimization tool. While there is other software like this
on the market, iDefrag is considered to be simpler to use. However, the demo won't defrag a drive more than 100MB
in size.
WhatSize
WhatSize is a simple tool that allows the user to quickly measure the size in bytes of a given folder and all subfolders
and files within it. The files and folders are automatically sorted by size, with the biggest sizes first.
MacJanitor
MacJanitor runs Mac OS X maintenance scripts that dont otherwise run when your system is asleep or shut down.
Running these scripts cleans up System logs and temporary files created as part of the UNIX underpinnings of Mac
OS X.
AppZapper
AppZapper
Monolingual
Monolingual a program for removing unnecessary language files from Mac OS X, in order to reclaim several hundred
megabytes of disk space.
DeLocalizer
Delocalizer program removes unneeded language files.

MainMenu
MainMenu
Onyx
Onyx
Macaroni
Macaroni is a preference pane that will automatically run the Mac OS X maintenance scripts without user intervention.
Enhancing Performance of your Mac

(Redirected from Enhancing Performance Of Mac OS X)
There are certain things that would help Mac OS X perform well and be more responsive (you could say 'snappy').
Here are some ways to eliminate the typical bottlenecks.
Contents
[hide]
1 More RAM
1.1 How to determine if you need more RAM
2 Don't go overboard with Dashboard widgets
3 Routine maintenance
4 Don't install too many applications
5 Disk-related performance tunings
5.1 Leave free space on your startup drive
5.2 Run your OS from a fast internal hard drive
5.3 Use intelligent partitioning
5.4 Get an additional hard disk

6 Better hardware
7 Clean-up your desktop
[edit]
More RAM
When it comes to better performance, apart from buying a new computer, increasing RAM is probably the best way to
enhance the performance of your system. This minimizes the amount of time the computer has to use Virtual memory.
Make sure you have as much RAM as you can afford (and need). Despite OS X only requiring 256MB of RAM, Apple
has began to include 512MB of RAM with every single computer. You should, too, if your computer does not have
512MB of RAM. Of course, your requirement above this also depends on what you use your Mac for. While you use
your Mac, observe the memory usage from the Activity Monitor application to get an idea of how much load your
system is handling. A good way of determining whether you need more RAM is to follow this series of steps:
[edit]
How to determine if you need more RAM
1. Restart the computer
2. Use the computer as you normally would for 10 to 15 minutes. Checking email, etc. Do not play intensive
games-- they will disturb the results.
3. Open Activity Monitor
4. Click on the "System Memory" tab at the bottom
5. One of the listings reads "Page ins/outs" and has numbers following it in the format of "1424/9547"
6. The second number is the number of page outs, or number of times that the computer has had to use the
internal hard drive as virtual memory. If this number is very high, above 3,500, then you probably could use
more RAM.
[edit]
Don't go overboard with Dashboard widgets
If you have Mac OS X 10.4 (Tiger) and above, you may have given Dashboard a try. If you have a lot of Widgets on
your Dashboard, be aware that they can use a lot of memory - they're written mostly in web-based languages and are
not always as efficient as traditional languages (to see for yourself, open Activity Monitor and view the details for each
widget). If you have a lot of RAM, this probably won't matter much, but in most cases, trimming the Dashboard and
placing only a few widgets that you use on a daily basis would improve system performance. For widgets that are
used occasionally, you may be better off visiting a web site for the information you seek, or only opening widgets when
you are using them.
[edit]
Routine maintenance
Any computer needs some amount of maintenance just to keep those pesky annoyances away, and your Mac is no
exception. As you install more applications and use them, there will be a greater need to do some maintenance
regularly. The simplest thing you could do is to run Disk Utility (in /Applications/Utilities/) and click on the Verify Disk
and Verify Permissions buttons to make sure your file system is in good shape. If any errors are reported, click on the
corresponding Repair ... button to fix things (alternatively, you can skip verification and repair straight away to save
time). You can also perform additional maintenance tasks and clean potentially unneeded files from applications like
CleanGenius, MainMenu or Onyx etc.
[edit]
Don't install too many applications
While having too many applications is not generally a problem, there are several cases where it may slow down your
computer. Firstly, you should open the Accounts Preference Pane and check the Login Items pane for your user
account. If you have a lot of applications listed here, you may want to remove some to shorten login times as well as
reduce RAM usage. The fewer login items, the better performance.
Secondly, installing a lot of "haxies" may cause system instability and/or increased resource usage. Although normal
applications won't have any affect on the system, you should avoid having too many haxies installed (some even
avoid them altogether).
[edit]
Disk-related performance tunings
[edit]
Leave free space on your startup drive
All modern operating systems use the hard disk as an extension of physical RAM (this is called Virtual memory) and
many applications use the hard disk as a scratch area. The more the free space in your hard disk, the lesser the
chance of your system struggling because of a lack of space. Although this is again dependent on the applications
you use, having at least 10GB of free space (after a restart) would help for normal usage. If you use the pro apps like
Final Cut or Adobe CS2, you would need a lot more free space.
[edit]
Run your OS from a fast internal hard drive
The speed of your disk can be a major bottleneck. If you are shopping for a new hard drive, get a drive with a low
seek time and a fast spindle speed. 5400 RPM drives are cheap - but are also slow. 7200 or greater RPM drives
make good system drives. Certainly it is possible to run Mac OS X from an iPod (provided that it is a FireWire iPod) -
but it will be slow. (The FireWire bus is not as fast as the internal IDE bus.)
[edit]
Use intelligent partitioning
Using Mac OS X - you should generally try to keep your system volume as big as possible. Many applications
(particularly ones from Apple - such as Final Cut Pro) require that you install them on the system volume. The file
system that OS X uses (HFS+ or JHFS+) has some on-the-fly disk optimization that will help prevent massive
fragmentation on that volume. This, in addition to optimizing your hard drive every so often, will help you get the best
performance out of OS X. iDefrag from Coriolis Systems ($30 USD) is one good defragmentation/optimization tool.
[edit]
Get an additional hard disk
If you use movie/photo editing software extensively, adding another hard disk to your system and setting it as the
scratch disk for your editing app would help a lot in improving performance. These kind of applications create and
delete a lot of large temporary files, which increases the 'fragmentation level' of files over time.
Having an additional hard disk helps in a number of ways
1. The load between the primary hard disk and the second one is shared and it's like having a two lane highway
instead of a single lane highway
2. While you use your second hard disk as the scratch disk for your editing app, if you notice any performance
degradation over time (due to fragmentation), you can always 're-initialize' your second hard disk without
much trouble (this would be cumbersome on the primary hard disk since it would involve backing up and
reinstalling the operating system and other applications) - just make sure that any 'long term' data you store
on the second disk and the scratch area for the heavy-duty apps are on separate partitions (you can create
partitions on your disk using Disk Utility).
3. If you configure your drives to run in a RAID 0 array, you will effectively see close to double the sustained
data transfer rate due to data striping between the drives. Running RAID 0 arrays as a secondary storage
medium is a popular choice in professional editing studios because it allows for real time editing of HD
footage in the time line with no quality adjustment or dropped frames. It is not suggested to run RAID 0 as a
primary boot array because you effectively double your chances of data loss due to hard drive failure.
[edit]
Better hardware
Other than RAM upgrades, upgrading your video card could help, depending on what applications you tend to use
(those that make heavy use of your video card will obviously benefit from an upgrade, while others (for example,
TextEdit) would not.
[edit]
Clean-up your desktop
You can marginally speed up the performance of your Mac by cleaning up your desktop icons. Each icon has to be
refreshed when you look at your desktop so this takes away from your performance.
Enhancing Performance of your Mac

(Redirected from Enhancing Performance Of Mac OS X)
There are certain things that would help Mac OS X perform well and be more responsive (you could say 'snappy').
Here are some ways to eliminate the typical bottlenecks.
Contents
[hide]
1 More RAM
1.1 How to determine if you need more RAM
2 Don't go overboard with Dashboard widgets
3 Routine maintenance
4 Don't install too many applications
5 Disk-related performance tunings
5.1 Leave free space on your startup drive
5.2 Run your OS from a fast internal hard drive

5.3 Use intelligent partitioning
5.4 Get an additional hard disk
6 Better hardware
7 Clean-up your desktop
[edit]
More RAM
When it comes to better performance, apart from buying a new computer, increasing RAM is probably the best way to
enhance the performance of your system. This minimizes the amount of time the computer has to use Virtual memory.
Make sure you have as much RAM as you can afford (and need). Despite OS X only requiring 256MB of RAM, Apple
has began to include 512MB of RAM with every single computer. You should, too, if your computer does not have
512MB of RAM. Of course, your requirement above this also depends on what you use your Mac for. While you use
your Mac, observe the memory usage from the Activity Monitor application to get an idea of how much load your
system is handling. A good way of determining whether you need more RAM is to follow this series of steps:
[edit]
How to determine if you need more RAM
1. Restart the computer
2. Use the computer as you normally would for 10 to 15 minutes. Checking email, etc. Do not play intensive
games-- they will disturb the results.
3. Open Activity Monitor
4. Click on the "System Memory" tab at the bottom
5. One of the listings reads "Page ins/outs" and has numbers following it in the format of "1424/9547"
6. The second number is the number of page outs, or number of times that the computer has had to use the
internal hard drive as virtual memory. If this number is very high, above 3,500, then you probably could use
more RAM.
[edit]
Don't go overboard with Dashboard widgets
If you have Mac OS X 10.4 (Tiger) and above, you may have given Dashboard a try. If you have a lot of Widgets on
your Dashboard, be aware that they can use a lot of memory - they're written mostly in web-based languages and are
not always as efficient as traditional languages (to see for yourself, open Activity Monitor and view the details for each
widget). If you have a lot of RAM, this probably won't matter much, but in most cases, trimming the Dashboard and
placing only a few widgets that you use on a daily basis would improve system performance. For widgets that are
used occasionally, you may be better off visiting a web site for the information you seek, or only opening widgets when
you are using them.
[edit]
Routine maintenance
Any computer needs some amount of maintenance just to keep those pesky annoyances away, and your Mac is no
exception. As you install more applications and use them, there will be a greater need to do some maintenance
regularly. The simplest thing you could do is to run Disk Utility (in /Applications/Utilities/) and click on the Verify Disk
and Verify Permissions buttons to make sure your file system is in good shape. If any errors are reported, click on the
corresponding Repair ... button to fix things (alternatively, you can skip verification and repair straight away to save
time). You can also perform additional maintenance tasks and clean potentially unneeded files from applications like
CleanGenius, MainMenu or Onyx etc.
[edit]
Don't install too many applications
While having too many applications is not generally a problem, there are several cases where it may slow down your
computer. Firstly, you should open the Accounts Preference Pane and check the Login Items pane for your user
account. If you have a lot of applications listed here, you may want to remove some to shorten login times as well as
reduce RAM usage. The fewer login items, the better performance.
Secondly, installing a lot of "haxies" may cause system instability and/or increased resource usage. Although normal
applications won't have any affect on the system, you should avoid having too many haxies installed (some even
avoid them altogether).
[edit]
Disk-related performance tunings
[edit]
Leave free space on your startup drive
All modern operating systems use the hard disk as an extension of physical RAM (this is called Virtual memory) and
many applications use the hard disk as a scratch area. The more the free space in your hard disk, the lesser the
chance of your system struggling because of a lack of space. Although this is again dependent on the applications
you use, having at least 10GB of free space (after a restart) would help for normal usage. If you use the pro apps like
Final Cut or Adobe CS2, you would need a lot more free space.
[edit]
Run your OS from a fast internal hard drive
The speed of your disk can be a major bottleneck. If you are shopping for a new hard drive, get a drive with a low
seek time and a fast spindle speed. 5400 RPM drives are cheap - but are also slow. 7200 or greater RPM drives
make good system drives. Certainly it is possible to run Mac OS X from an iPod (provided that it is a FireWire iPod) -
but it will be slow. (The FireWire bus is not as fast as the internal IDE bus.)
[edit]
Use intelligent partitioning
Using Mac OS X - you should generally try to keep your system volume as big as possible. Many applications
(particularly ones from Apple - such as Final Cut Pro) require that you install them on the system volume. The file
system that OS X uses (HFS+ or JHFS+) has some on-the-fly disk optimization that will help prevent massive
fragmentation on that volume. This, in addition to optimizing your hard drive every so often, will help you get the best
performance out of OS X. iDefrag from Coriolis Systems ($30 USD) is one good defragmentation/optimization tool.
[edit]
Get an additional hard disk
If you use movie/photo editing software extensively, adding another hard disk to your system and setting it as the
scratch disk for your editing app would help a lot in improving performance. These kind of applications create and
delete a lot of large temporary files, which increases the 'fragmentation level' of files over time.
Having an additional hard disk helps in a number of ways
1. The load between the primary hard disk and the second one is shared and it's like having a two lane highway
instead of a single lane highway
2. While you use your second hard disk as the scratch disk for your editing app, if you notice any performance
degradation over time (due to fragmentation), you can always 're-initialize' your second hard disk without
much trouble (this would be cumbersome on the primary hard disk since it would involve backing up and
reinstalling the operating system and other applications) - just make sure that any 'long term' data you store
on the second disk and the scratch area for the heavy-duty apps are on separate partitions (you can create
partitions on your disk using Disk Utility).
3. If you configure your drives to run in a RAID 0 array, you will effectively see close to double the sustained
data transfer rate due to data striping between the drives. Running RAID 0 arrays as a secondary storage
medium is a popular choice in professional editing studios because it allows for real time editing of HD
footage in the time line with no quality adjustment or dropped frames. It is not suggested to run RAID 0 as a
primary boot array because you effectively double your chances of data loss due to hard drive failure.
[edit]
Better hardware
Other than RAM upgrades, upgrading your video card could help, depending on what applications you tend to use
(those that make heavy use of your video card will obviously benefit from an upgrade, while others (for example,
TextEdit) would not.
[edit]
Clean-up your desktop
You can marginally speed up the performance of your Mac by cleaning up your desktop icons. Each icon has to be
refreshed when you look at your desktop so this takes away from your performance.
Audio and video chatting Mac to PC

(Redirected from Video and audio chatting Mac to PC)
Below is a table of some popular programs that enable you to use Audio and Video Chatting with Macs and PCs.
Mac Program PC Program Instant Messaging Video Audio
Messenger:Mac MSN Messenger Yes Yes Yes
aMSN MSN Messenger Yes Yes No
iChat AIM (download)*** Yes Yes Yes
ineen ineen Yes* Yes* Yes*
Mercury Messenger MSN Messenger Yes Yes No
QuteCom QuteCom Yes Yes Yes
SightSpeed SightSpeed Yes Yes Yes
Skype Skype Yes Yes Yes
Yahoo! Messenger Yahoo! Messenger Yes Yes Yes*
*= Requires Beta version
**= Other clients listed here also work with Google Talk as well as iChat.
***= iChat to AIM video requires the AIM version linked here, not the newer AIM Triton version.
[edit]
See also
Contents
[hide]
1 The Basics
2 Virtualization Software
2.1 History
2.2 Characteristics of Virtualization Software
2.3 Benefits of Using Virtualization Over Boot Camp
2.4 Downsides of Using Virtualization Over Boot Camp
2.5 Requirements to Install Virtualization Software
2.6 Notes
2.7 Frequently Asked Questions
3 Boot Camp
3.1 History
3.2 Understanding What Boot Camp Is
3.3 Understanding Hard Drive Partitions and File Recognition
3.4 Benefits of Using Windows Boot Camp over Virtualization
3.5 Downsides of Using Windows Boot Camp over Virtualization
3.6 Requirements to Install Virtualization Software
3.7 Frequently Asked Questions

4 Running Both Virtualization and Boot Camp at the Same Time
5 Links
[edit]
The Basics
The first thing to understand is that there are two main ways to boot Windows on a Mac:
The first is by running Windows while in the Mac OS. This process is is known as virtualization and the two
main products that allow you to run Windows virtualized are Parallels Desktop and VM Ware Fusion.
The second is by running Windows natively. This can be done through boot camp. Boot camp comes with all
Macs running Leopard or higher.
Both of these methods will require the purchase of a FULL version of either Windows XP Service Pack 2, Windows
Vista or Windows 7.
[edit]
Virtualization Software
[edit]
History
For almost as long as the Mac OS and Windows have co-existed there have been products to allow Mac users to run
Windows within the Mac OS.
Today, the most widely used of these programs are VM Ware Fusion and Parallels Desktop. Although the two
programs are more similar than not, there are some specific differences between the two. The specific differences are
beyond the scope of this wiki but you can research them at the VM Ware Fusion Website and at the Parallels Desktop
Website.
[edit]
Characteristics of Virtualization Software
Windows will run inside of a window inside of Mac OS
Windows will run slower than it would run if it were running on its own - the speed of the Windows OS will be
heavily dependent on the memory (RAM) inside the computer, with Windows Vista requiring more memory than
Windows XP
Windows will be "stored" in a file on your Mac hard drive - because of the way that virtualization works, you
will be able to move files between the Windows OS and Mac OS very easily
Almost all programs that work in Windows will work virtualized
Almost all hardware that works in Windows will work virtualized
Both VM Ware Fusion and Parallels Desktop will allow you to run windows from an installed boot camp
partition (more on this below)
[edit]
Benefits of Using Virtualization Over Boot Camp
The computer does not need to be restarted to run Windows as virtualization programs load Windows while
still running Mac OS
File transfer between the windows and Mac OS is, for the most part, simpler
Virtualization can be combined with boot camp such that you can "pick and choose" which way you want
Windows to run - either using virtualization software to run the boot camp partition or running the boot camp
partition itself.
If a virus is caught in the Windows partition it will be almost impossible for it to affect the Mac OS - Note:
while viruses that break this rule have been demonstrated in theory, they have never been seen in the wild
[edit]
Downsides of Using Virtualization Over Boot Camp
There is a noticeable speed difference that can be minimized somewhat with a lot of memory (RAM) but can
not be completely overcome
Windows games will be noticeably slower
Some (few) programs will not work in a virtualized environment
[edit]
Requirements to Install Virtualization Software
Copy of virtualization software of choice (both VM Ware Fusion and Parallels Desktop have trial software
than can be installed so that you can try both and decide which is better)
Copy of a FULL version of Windows XP or Windows Vista (more on this later)
Hard drive space necessary for windows installation
Significant amount of memory (RAM) - 1GB for Windows XP, 2 GB for Windows Vista recommended
[edit]
Notes
If using time machine it should be set to NOT backup the Windows file created by Parallels Desktop or VM
Ware Fusion. This is because the Windows partition is a large (over 1 GB minimum) single file that is changed
regularly and every time it is changed time machine will re-save the ENTIRE file. This will lead to a slow backup
process every hour that virtualization software is running and quickly diminished time machine hard drive space.
[edit]
Should I install Parallels Desktop or VM Ware Fusion?
[edit]
Boot Camp
[edit]
History
Apple's initial stance was that while they wouldn't support it, they would not prevent people from booting Windows on
their Intel Macs [1]. Third party efforts to boot Windows on the Intel Mac were hampered by some architectual
differences between the Intel Macs and current traditional Intel-based PCs (Intel Macs use EFI whereas traditional
PCs use BIOS, among other differences discussed below). However, with the advent of boot camp Apple has now
created a way that allow users to run Windows natively on Intel Macs very simply. Boot camp is now distributed on all
Macs running OS 10.5 Leopard.
[edit]
Understanding What Boot Camp Is
To understand what boot camp is, you must understand some key differences between Macs and PCs. In the past
Macs and PCs had three major hardware differences: the CPU (Motorola for Mac and Intel/AMD for PC), the
motherboard firmware (EFI for Mac and BIOS for PC), and the hard drive boot requirements (GPT for Mac and MBR
for PC). With Apple's migration away from Motorola (supplier of G3/G4/G5 series and earlier CPUs) to Intel (Core
Duo, Core 2 Duo) for their CPUs the CPU problem was fixed. The EFI of Macs can now emulate the BIOS of a PC
allowing Windows to recognize the motherboard and internal components at the most fundamental level. Lastly,
installing boot camp creates an MBR partition that allows Windows to boot from a Mac hard drive.
Boot camp consists of four main components:
Boot camp assistant: A program run in Mac OS that allows users to create a Windows partition on their hard
drive
Boot camp preference pane: Allows users to change which is the default OS that the computer starts on boot
up
Boot camp drivers: Enables Macintosh hardware to be recognized and used by Windows
Boot camp windows control applet: Allows users to change some limited settings of Mac hardware running
within Windows.
Note: Boot camp does NOT include a copy of windows. To use boot camp the user must purchase a FULL version of
either Windows XP Service Pack 2 (older versions will not run; however, there are ways to create an SP2 CD from
older versions utilizing slip-streaming which is beyond the scope of this wiki) or Windows Vista. There is still debate as
to whether it is legal to use OEM copies of Windows to install boot camp.
Because Windows is running natively (meaning, without the use of any other programs) using the computer hardware
it is every bit as fast as using a Windows PC. In fact, some major hardware reviews have found running Windows
using Boot Camp on a Mac to be faster than PCs running Windows when compared using standard benchmarking
tests. This is a testament to the true speed of the native running of Windows.
When using boot camp the user should think of the boot camp partition as running Windows like they would be on a
PC with similar hardware. In this fact, the Windows partition will be subject to the same threats as a regular Windows
PC. Windows boot camp users can get viruses, spyware, and the like and protection is required in the same way that
it is required on a PC.
[edit]
Understanding Hard Drive Partitions and File Recognition
There are three major ways that hard drives are formatted in today's computers:
HFS+ - Format used by Macintosh OS X
FAT 32 - Format used by older versions of Windows (including Windows XP)
NTFS - Format used by Windows Vista and Windows XP

Each partition of a hard drive can be formatted in any of these three ways. Understanding the ways that the
competing formats recognize and use files in the other partitions is an important concept to understand to create the
best partition scheme for your uses.
HFS+ Partitions: HFS+ partitions can read and write files of FAT 32 partitions but can only read files of NTFS
partitions. This means that if Windows boot camp is made into a FAT 32 partition the Mac OS will have full access to
the files and it would act as a normal hard drive to the Mac OS. If the Windows boot camp partition is made into an
NTFS partition the Mac OS will be able to read the files, but will not be able to write files to the partition. Note: there
are 3rd-party programs that enable Mac OS to write files to NTFS partitions, but this is not a native property of Mac
OS.
FAT 32 Partitions: FAT 32 partitions have a few limitations. First, the maximum size of a FAT 32 partition is 32GB.
Second, the maximum size a file can be to be transferred from the partition is 4GB. You should NOT use FAT 32 if you
need the Windows partition to be larger than 32GB. FAT 32 Partitions can neither read nor write HFS+ partitions.
Using 3rd party software (the most common one being Macdrive) the Windows boot camp partition can both read and
write the HFS+ (Mac OS) partition. FAT 32 partitions can both read and write NTFS partitions. Windows Vista cannot
be installed on FAT 32 partitions
NTFS Partitions: NTFS partitions are required for installation of Windows Vista. NTFS partitions can neither read nor
write HFS+ partitions but this feature can be enable with 3rd party software like Macdrive in the same way it is enable
for FAT 32 partitions using Macdrive. NTFS partitions can both read and write FAT 32 partitions.
[edit]
Benefits of Using Windows Boot Camp over Virtualization
Running Windows through boot camp is noticeably faster than running Windows through virtualization
software - to this end, most recent games will require boot camp to be installed to run optimally
All Windows programs and hardware will run within boot camp without problem
[edit]
Downsides of Using Windows Boot Camp over Virtualization
Viruses, spyware, and the like are a very real problem and while they cannot normally cross over to infect the
Mac OS partition of the hard drive, if one has Macdrive (see above) installed, it is possible (albeit incredibly rare)
to have a Windows virus infect the Macintosh hard drive
There are limitations to the manipulation of files between hard drive partitions as described above
To switch from Macintosh OS X to Windows using boot camp the computer must be restarted
To switch back to Macintosh OS X from Windows the computer must be restarted
[edit]
Requirements to Install Virtualization Software
Copy of Mac OS X Leopard CD to install drivers in Windows
Copy of a FULL version of Windows XP Service Pack 2 or Windows Vista
Hard drive space necessary for windows installation
[edit]
Should I install Windows XP, Windows Vista, or Windows 7?
[edit]
Running Both Virtualization and Boot Camp at the Same Time
Both Parallels Desktop and VM Ware Fusion allow you to boot the boot camp partition of Windows into the
virtualization software engine within Mac OS. This has significant advantages:
It allows you to run Windows applications in Mac OS without having to restart the computer, but at the speed
disadvantage of virtualization software - this is helpful for running basic programs like Microsoft Office 2007 or
Quicken, etc., that do not require much processing power and would not see a noticeable performance difference
running in the virtualized environment
It allows you to retain the option of restarting into Windows when the performance advantage is important -
this is helpful for gaming and graphics applications that require significant processing power and would be slowed
down if run virtualized
In these ways this is often seen as the "best of both worlds" option and is a frequently used combination.
[edit]
Links
Link to Official Apple Resource for Running Windows on a Mac
Official FAQ
Windows on Mac Forum (MacRumors)

On Mac Network Forums (OnMac.net)
Dual Booting Forum (OSx86Project)
Apple's Boot Camp Page
VM Ware Fusion Website
Parallels Desktop Website
Macdrive
Mac OS X On A Diet
It has been suggested that this article or section be merged with Complete Steps to Perform a Clean OS X Reinstall
on Your MacBook Air.
Why not trim the XPhat off the Mac OS X Operating System. OS X comes packaged with many different languages,
and extra fonts the user just doesnt need. Following these steps will lead to a slimmer, faster performing system. Your
Mac will never look at donuts the same way again. Lets begin!
Contents
[hide]
1 Slimming Mac OS X
1.1 Clean Install
1.2 Slimming
1.3 Clean Up The Extra Mess
[edit]
Slimming Mac OS X
[edit]
Clean Install
Before continuing the workout, Please Backup! MacRumors and the writer of this guide are not responsible for any
loss of data except XPhat. Beginning with a clean install will always guarantee a fresh start. After choosing the install
destination, click next then customize. This is the point where the user determines what goes into the OS. Uncheck
any printer drivers, extra languages, and fonts you do not need. In Leopard, some of the bundled apps are not
necessary like the CPU Help Files (PDF guides for your system); iLife apps the user do not use, X11 if none of the
apps require it. Also uncheck the Microsoft Office 2004 trial, if you already have a newer version. Uncheck this one
last because it self checks if the user unchecks another app (Microsoft needs to make money too you know).
After the install, install any apple software and apply all serial keys you have (iWork trial will be unlocked to the full
version). Note* Do not install third party apps just as yet, because problems might occur, apps might break and so
forth. Run software update till the system is fully patched up. Every update enhances the OS X experience. Now is
the time to install third party apps and import data. Check third party apps sites for the latest version of the app.
Customize OS X to your liking.
[edit]
Slimming
GarageBand 186 mb, WOW thats large! Why cant we remove the XPhat from these apps? Yes you can with these
two great tools Xslimmer or Monolingual. Both these apps remove unneeded languages and architectures from your
apps and system. e.g. GarageBand 186 mb > GarageBand (Intel or PPC depending on what processor you use)
60mb. Thats a lot of XPhat removed. Now that there is no extra code, apps launch faster and are lighter on system
resources. Xslimmer is recommended for less advance users. Monolingual digs deep into the apps and removes
every single language and extra code in an app. You can save 1.6 gb on languages alone using Monolingual. Before
using these programs, please read the "read me" file.
Note* Apps which are updated will need to be slimmed again.
[edit]
Clean Up The Extra Mess
After trimming off the XPhat, its time to run maintenance software. OS X self maintains itself pretty well, but extra help
is always better. Apps like MainMenu or Onyx will cover the maintenance corners. They rebuild indexing, delete temp
files, logs, or even disable Dashboard and so forth. Use caution when using these apps. They will delete files you
might not want deleted. Restart the system and enjoy. Backing up at this point would be very useful. If you are using
Time Machine as your backup software, you could always use it to install OS X fresh and slim from day one.
Apple software guides

iTunes
iPhoto
iMovie
iDVD
iWeb
iChat
iCal
Mail
Safari
Address Book
Automator
Garageband
Utilities
iTunes
iTunes is Apple's media player used for music, audiobooks, podcasts, and recently added music videos, television
shows, and movies. Built on the QuickTime foundation, iTunes is compatible with all QuickTime encoded media.
As of October 2005, iTunes has captured more than 80% market share of digital audio players in markets supported
on both the Mac OS and Windows platforms.
The iTunes Store (originally the iTunes Music Store) was launched and integrated into version 4.0 of iTunes in April of
2003, enabling customers both on Mac and Windows platforms to purchase audio files, encrypted with Apple's
Fairplay technology, over the internet for individual use. The release of the iTunes Music Store delivered a more
reasonable solution to obtaining digital audio files legally over the internet.
Contents
[hide]
1 Features
2 iTunes 7
2.1 New Features
2.2 Updates
2.3 Supported Media Formats
2.4 Limitations
3 Previous Versions
4 Links
[edit]
Features
Support for multiple media formats
User-defined categorizing of content
Built in Audio Encoder
Built in visualizer based on Quartz Extreme
Streaming internet radio
Built in Podcasting Support
Burn to multiple disc types: MP3, WAV Audio, and DVD
Support for third party plugins

Synchronize with Apple iPod portable media player, and the ROKR mobile phone from Motorola/Cingular
Wireless
Integrated iTunes Store, some songs are DRM Free and called iTunes Plus, other songs have DRM and
don't have that label. DRM Free songs still have user information encoded on them.
Ripping of users CD's into AAC, Apple Lossless, MP3, AIFF or WAV formats. Songs don't have user
information encoded on them.
Playlists and Smart Playlists
Album Cover Artwork
[edit]
iTunes 7
iTunes 7.0 was released at a special event on September 12, 2006. This coincided with the renaming of the iTunes
Music Store to the iTunes Store, and the beginning of movie and iPod game sales through the store.
[edit]
New Features
New interface
Allows purchase of Movies
Gapless playback
iPod management in main window
Re-Organized "Source" list
Album Art download
Download manager
Multiple views: standard, Album Art, Cover Flow
[edit]
Updates
A number of minor updates were made to iTunes 7, adding support for the Apple TV, iPhone, Windows Vista and
iTunes Plus (DRM-free songs), adding several minor features and fixing a number of bugs. The current version,
released on January 15, 2008, is iTunes 7.6. [1]
[edit]
Supported Media Formats
Video: Quicktime compatible video
Audio: MP3, WAV, AIFF, MPEG4, Apple Lossless, M4P/AAC Protected Content, and a variety of quicktime
supported media formats as well.
The Windows version of iTunes supports converting unprotected WMA's to AAC or MP3.
[edit]
Limitations
It is not possible to browse the library by composer.
While it is possible to listen to one CD while importing another (if you have more than one drive), it is not
possible to import more than one CD at a time.
The Podcast Chapter jumping tool is now available only in the menubar
[edit]
Previous Versions
For information on previous versions see iTunes Version History.
[edit]
Links
iTunes website
Apple New User's Guide for iTunes
Categories: Out of date articles | Apple Software (not OS X) | Apple Software (Windows) | Mac OS X
iPhoto
Contents
[hide]
1 iPhoto 1
2 iPhoto 2
3 iPhoto 4
4 iPhoto 5
5 iPhoto 6
6 iPhoto 7
7 Links
[edit]
iPhoto 1
iPhoto 1.0 was introduced at Macworld San Francisco in January 2002.
[edit]
iPhoto 2
iPhoto 2.0 was released at Macworld San Francisco in January 2003 as part of iLife '03, which also included iMovie 3,
iDVD 3, and iTunes 3.
New features included performance enhancements, a new folder structure for photos, CD burning, slideshows, the
Organize tab, and the Retouch and Enhance tools.
[edit]
iPhoto 4
iPhoto 4.0 was released at Macworld San Francisco in January 2004, as part of the iLife '04 package. The version
number was no doubt changed to 4, not 3, to match the package title, which in turn matched the year of release.
iPhoto 4 claimed to support 25,000 image libraries with little decrease in speed, something that was a problem with
older iPhoto versions. iPhoto 4 also introduced the ability to share photos and copy them across your network, much
like iTunes but without the DRM, as well as performance enhancements, smart albums, photo rating, rendezvous
photo sharing, and improved slideshows.
[edit]
iPhoto 5
New features included soft cover books, multiple book sizes, importing of video, and an iTunes-like search field.
[edit]
iPhoto 6
New features included new cards, calendars and books, photocasting (podcasting for photos), one-click effects such
as sepia and B&W, and an increase in maximum library size from 25,000 to 250,000.
[edit]
iPhoto 7
iPhoto 7.0 was released as part of iLife '08 in August 2007. New features included events, new editing tools, new
calendars and books, a unified search, .Mac web gallery and theme-based home printing.
[edit]
Links
Links
MacsNPods iPhoto 6 Review
iMovie
iMovie is Apple's consumer-grade DV-editing software, included with iLife.
iLife
The iLife suite has gone through five iterations so far. It is traditionally updated at the Macworld San Francisco event
in January, although this trend was broken in 2007.
Contents
[hide]
1 iLife '03
2 iLife '04
3 iLife '05
4 iLife '06
5 iLife '08
6 iLife '09
7 Notes
8 Links
[edit]
iLife '03
iLife '03 shipped with these products:
iTunes 3
iDVD 3
iMovie 3
iPhoto 2
[edit]
iLife '04
GarageBand 1
iDVD 4
iMovie 4
iPhoto 4
iTunes 4.2
This was the first version that wasn't downloadable from Apple's website (except iDVD which was only included on
Macs with a Superdrive)
[edit]
iLife '05
GarageBand 2
iDVD 5
iMovie HD
iPhoto 5
iTunes 4.7
You can install iLife '05 on most Macs running Mac OS X 10.3.4 or later.
[edit]
iLife '06
See iLife '06 for more information.
[edit]
iLife '08
[edit]
iLife '09
[edit]
Notes
iLife is included free with all new Apple computers.
New versions of iLife are available with either a single user license or as a Family Pack version.
DVD drive required to install GarageBand and iDVD
There have been pending rumors of iLife 10 (or iLife 11) potentially releasing in Q4 of 2010 - update, iLife 11
is released now
[edit]
Links
iLife
iDVD
iDVD comes with all new Macs and new versions are currently released with the iLife bundle.
iWeb
iWeb is an application included with iLife, used for sharing photos, movies, music, blogs and other content over the
internet. It was introduced in iLife '06. As part of the iLife suite, it is tightly integrated with iLife's other applications;
iTunes, GarageBand, iPhoto, and iMovie.
[edit]
History
On January 5th, 2006, Apple's website revealed a new product called iWeb to be included in its iLife '06 Suite of
applications, prompting much speculation. At Macworld San Francisco 2006, 5 days later, it was officially announced.
iWeb was updated to version 2.0 as part of iLife '08.
[edit]
Features
Templates
Media browser
One click publishing to .Mac
Themes
RSS subscriptions
Slideshow viewer using AJAX technology
Drag and drop zones and alignment guides
[edit]
Links
MacsNPods iWeb Review
Macworld iWeb Review
GarageBand
GarageBand is Apple's consumer-grade music editing/creation software. It is part of the iLife suite.
First released as part of iLife '04 in January 2004, GarageBand aimed to be a cheap and easy way for Mac users to
create and record their own music. It removed all the hassles of previous music-making software and allowed anyone
to produce a tune, while still allowing seasoned musicians to create stunning works without limit. A full range of
software instruments are provided with the software, along with many realtime effects for live guitar recording and
more. Several add-on "Jam packs" have been released to increase the number of loops, effects and software
instruments available. Saved songs can then be exported to iTunes and transferred to an iPod or burnt to a CD. The
software is hardware-intensive and requires a reasonably fast G4 or better to run adequately.
[edit]
Jam Packs
There are currently a number of Jam Pack add ons for GarageBand. These add additional software instruments,
presets and loops.
[edit]
Current Version
Version 5.0, released January 6, 2009 as part of iLife '09.
[edit]
Links
iLife '09
Apple's GarageBand page
iChat
iChat AV is an Instant Messaging application bundled with Mac OS X. In addition to text chat, it has support for both
audio and video conferencing via an iSight for video or any audio source for audio conferencing. It is based on the
AOL model, and allows fulltime, four-way video conferencing (from Mac OS X 10.4 Tiger), up to 10-way voice chat,
and the ability to send pictures as part of the chat (rather than a separate file download).
iChat not only offers connection to AIM (AOL Instant Messaging), but also includes Bonjour messaging (Rendezvous
in Panther and Jaguar). This allows iChat to automatically find other users with iChat Bonjour messaging enabled on
your local network no server is needed. iChat 3, included with Tiger, also added support for the Jabber protocol for
connecting to Jabber services such as Google Talk.
Mac OS X Server 10.4 allows you to run your own Jabber server for your network or the internet. It uses Open
Directory for user management and authentication, so your Mac OS X account name is the same as your email
address (if it is configured as a mail server) which can be used as your Jabber account name in iChat.
[edit]
New features in Leopard
A number of features were added to iChat in Mac OS X 10.5 (Leopard). These include multiple logins, visibility,
animated icons, video recording, backdrops, Photo Booth effects, screen sharing, tabbed chats and "iChat Theater".
iChat Theater allows the user to show slides to contacts.
iSight
The iSight is a video camera designed to be used in conjunction with iChat for video conferencing. Unlike various
other webcams the iSight includes a high-quality directional built-in microphone.
Contents
[hide]
1 Original Features
2 Integrated iSight
3 Accessory Kit Contents
4 See Also
5 Links
5.1 Third Party Accessories
[edit]
Original Features
The original (standalone) iSight has the following features (from the product packaging):
1/4-inch CCD image sensor with 640-by-480 pixel (VGA) resolution
Full-motion video at up to 30 frames per second (fps) and 24-bit color
Autofocus from 50 millimeters to infinity
Built-in image processing for optimal picture quality
On-air indicator light and lens shutter that closes to zero aperture to ensure privacy
Integrated dual-element, noise-suppressing microphone

Single FireWire connection for audio, video, and power
Innovative design with integrated rotate and tilt mechanism for easy camera positioning
Includes iSight, three mounting stands, carrying case, and FireWire cable
iMac G5 with iSight
[edit]
Integrated iSight
The iSight built into the iMac G5, Intel based iMac, MacBook and MacBook Pro has the following features (from the
Apple Special Event Webcast at product launch):
640 x 480 resolution
30 frames per second (fps)
24-bit color
Auto-exposure
F/2.8 (for low lighting)
On-air indicator light
Besides lacking a method to physically turn off the camera (such as the external unit's iris), a major difference
between the original iSight and the built-in version is that the built-in version uses the USB 2.0 bus, while the original
uses the FireWire bus. System Profiler shows the following properties of the USB 2.0 built-in isight:
Version: 1.20
Bus Power (mA): 500
Speed: Up to 480 Mb/sec
Manufacturer: Micron
Product ID: 0x8501
Vendor ID: 0x05ac (Apple Computer, Inc.)
[edit]
Accessory Kit Contents
After the iSight was introduced, the Accessory Kit was revised three times to change the camera mounts that came
with it to support new Apple products.
The iSight package contains:
The iSight
FireWire 6-6 pin, 1.8m cable
FireWire cable adapters
Display Mounts:
Revision A
eMac and desktop mount
PowerBook and iBook mount
Flat-panel iMac G4 and LCD Studio/Cinema Displays (ADC) mount
Revision B
magnetic mount for the Anodized Aluminum Apple Cinema Displays
Flat-panel iMac G4 and LCD Studio/Cinema Displays (ADC) mount
Revision C
magnetic mount for the Anodized Aluminum Apple Cinema Displays
[edit]
See Also
Photo Booth
[edit]
Links
Apple's iSight page
iCal
iCal is a free calendar application provided by Apple as part of Mac OS X. Its color coded workspace makes it easy to
understand.
iCal uses the iCalendar standard (RFC2445) for calendar data exchange.
[edit]
Trivia
When iCal is not open, it's icon shows the data "July 17". This is the day in 2002 when iCal was announced.
[edit]
Links
Apple iCal page
iCalShare - Shared public calendars

Mail
Mail 2
Mail is a free, relatively full-featured e-mail application bundled with Mac OS X. It supports the standard IMAP, POP,
and SMTP Internet mail protocols it also has limited support for Microsoft Exchange servers.
Mail uses the system-wide OS X spell checker and is fully integrated with the OS X Address Book application. It also
has some integration with iChat and iCal. Version 2, introduced with Tiger, includes support for smart mailboxes,
driven by Spotlight integration.
Mail 3, which is included with Leopard, brings many more features including RSS, to dos, better iCal integration and
more.
Mail stores e-mail messages and folders using the UNIX mbox format.
[edit]
The following features were added in the Leopard version of Mail:
Stationary - apply stationary to email to give it impressive looks. Includes templates.
Notes - new special mailbox for personal notes.
To Do list - more powerful than notes, allows priorities, alarms etc. Incoming mail can be turned into a to-do.
Photo browser to help find images to add.
[edit]
Tips and Guides
Setting up Apple Mail to Check Gmail
Archiving E-Mail
[edit]
Links
Apple Mail plug-ins and toolsMail's Homepage at Apple
Safari
Safari is a web browser by Apple Computer, first released for Mac OS X in January 2003 and for Windows in June
2007. It is also featured on the iPhone.
Contents
[hide]
1 History
2 Latest versions
3 Tips
3.1 Debug Menu
3.2 Disable Private Browsing
3.3 Reseting Safari
3.4 Using Tabs
4 Market Share
5 Guides
6 Links
[edit]
History
Safari is based on KHTML and KJS from KDE's Konqueror open-source project. Apple's use of these open-source
technologies form not only the basis of Safari, but also the WebKit rendering engine, which is also used in iTunes to
access the iTunes Music Store.

A public beta of Safari was released at the MacWorld conference on January 7, 2003. This version lacked several
features already popular in other browsers, such as tabbed browsing and autofill, but these were added in later public
betas, which also added numerous other enhancements.
Safari 1.0 was finally released on June 23, 2003, and became the default Mac OS X browser. At a similar time,
Microsoft announced that it would discontinue the Mac version of Internet Explorer, although it was still included as a
secondary browser in Mac OS X 10.3 (Panther).
A number of minor updates followed over the next two years, reaching version 1.3.1. These updates included features
such as improved speed and standards compliance, full keyboard access, the ability to resume interrupted downloads
and numerous security updates.
Shortly after, Safari 2.0 was released and included with Mac OS X 10.4 (Tiger). It boasted an RSS reader, an
integrated PDF viewer, private browsing mode, parental controls and the ability to save websites as web archives,
among other improvements. This version of Safari was not available for older versions of Mac OS X.
A beta of Safari 3.0 was released for both Mac OS X 10.4.9 and Windows XP/Vista on June 11, 2007, making it the
first version available for Windows. It included draggable tabs, inline find, resizable text areas session restoration, a
web inspector and more.
With the release of Mac OS X Leopard, Apple included the final version of Safari 3.0. Unlike Safari 2.0, this was also
available for Mac OS X 10.4.11, and Windows.
Apple began seeding Safari 4.0 beta in June 2008 and released a public beta on February 24, 2009. New features
included Top Sites, Cover Flow, a new interface and the option to download web applications, among others. Safari 4
was officially released at WWDC 2009 in June 2009.
[edit]
Latest versions
The latest versions of Safari available for each version of Mac OS X and Windows are as follows:
Mac OS X 10.2: Safari 1.0.3
Mac OS X 10.4 and 10.5: Safari 4.0
Windows XP/Vista: Safari 4.0
[edit]
Tips
[edit]
Debug Menu
A Debug menu can be added to Safari by typing into Terminal:
defaults write com.apple.Safari IncludeDebugMenu 1
It can be turned off by typing:
You will need to restart Safari for the command to take effect.
The debug menu offers a number of additional features, notably the ability to disguise Safari as another browser, such
as Internet Explorer, which could be useful to access sites which block certain browsers.
Additionally, in the Debug menu is an item to show "Keyboard and Mouse Shortcuts". This lists a number of shortcuts
useful when using Safari, however it has not been updated for quite some time.
[edit]
Disable Private Browsing
Safari (since the launch of Mac OS X 10.4) has included a feature called Private Browsing that does not keep track of
history, cookies, cache, etc. when enabled. The availability of this option can only be modified on non-administrative
accounts. To remove the Private Browsing menu option for all users of the computer (including Administrative
accounts), do the following (Note: you must have the Xcode tools installed):
1. Control or right-click on the Safari icon in Finder and choose Show Package Contents.
2. In the window that appears, navigate to Contents/Resources/English.lproj/ and double click on the
MainMenu.nib file.
3. In Interface Builder, select the window showing the Safari menu bar.
4. Select the Safari menu, then select the private browsing item and press delete.
5. Type command-S to save the changes, then close Interface Builder and restart Safari.
This removes the Private Browsing menu option, effectively disabling private browsing.
[edit]
Reseting Safari
In Safari, you can easily restore it back to it's default settings.
This will reset Safari's history, empty the cache, clear the Downloads window, remove all cookies, remove all website
icons, remove saved names and passwords, remove other AutoFill text, clear Google searches, and close all Safari
windows.
These options can be enable or disabled from the Reset Safari window by checking or clearing an options
corresponding checkbox.
To access the Reset Safari window, simply open Safari, and in the menu bar, click Safari, then Reset Safari.
Note: Before clicking Reset, make sure you do not clear any important data or lose any important work.
[edit]
Using Tabs
Safari has a tabbed interface. Typically, new tabs are activated by command-clicking or right-clicking a link.
To view an image on it's own page, drag the image to the tab bar.
To view a webpage in it's own page, drag the hyperlink to the tab bar.
[edit]
Market Share
As of June 11, 2007, Safari had 18 million users and a 4.9% market share, behind Internet Explorer and Firefox.
[edit]
Guides
Show Safari Form Results In New Tab
Setting the Default Web Browser
Speed up Safari
[edit]
Links
Official Safari website
Konqueror Homepage
Firefox homepage
WebKit Homepage
WebKit OpenDarwin Wiki
Address Book
The Address Book is an address book application provided by Apple with Mac OS X. It is a central repository for
contact information, integrated with other OS X software like Mail, iChat and .Mac.
[edit]
Features
Address Book contains these features as of Mac OS X 10.4.3:
Full VCard 3.0 Support
Smart groups (similar to iTunes)
Integrated Spotlight searching
iCal integration for birthdays
Mail integration to email contacts
iChat integration to populate a buddy list
MapQuest address mapping
Bluetooth integration for syncing addresses
International address/phone number formatting
Synchronize contacts with .Mac
Synchronize contacts with a Microsoft Exchange server
Address book sharing over .Mac
LDAP directory server support (includes Mac OS X Server Open Directory support)
SMS message support with a Bluetooth phone
Cell phone auto-dialing support
Large Type for phone numbers displays numbers on screen readable from across the room
iSight support for taking contact pictures
Add any image as a contact picture
"Send Updates" feature allows you to email a group of contacts when your information changes
Advanced printing features - print mailing labels, envelopes, contact lists, and a pocket address book directly
from Address Book
Automator
Automator is an application bundled with the operating system designed to allow the user to easily make custom
programming to automate their actions.
Automator was introduced in Mac OS X, version 10.4, Tiger.
Automator is still being supported by Apple as a part of Mac OS X, version 10.8, Mountain Lion.
Contents
[hide]
1 How Automator works
2 Examples of Workflows
2.1 Workflow 1: Move Selected Items to a Chosen Location...
2.2 Workflow 2: Convert Selected Text to a Web Page
3 Strengths of Workflows
4 Limitations of Workflows
5 Using Programming Languages With Automator
6 Third-Party Automator Actions
7 Links
[edit]
How Automator works
Within Automator, one creates what are called "workflows". These Workflows are a sequence of actions where each
action is a single step of the workflow. These workflows are simple, step-by-step instructions to the Mac as to what to
do.
[edit]
Examples of Workflows
[edit]
Workflow 1: Move Selected Items to a Chosen Location...
This workflow implements a Service which can be used as a plugin in the Finder to allow the user to select and move
a group of files and folders.
1. Accept as input all selected files and folders in the Finder
2. Ask the user for a folder to move the selected items into
3. Ask the Finder to move the files and folders to the selected folder
[edit]
Workflow 2: Convert Selected Text to a Web Page
This workflow implements a Service that can be used to convert text that is selected in any application into a web
page and view the web page in Safari.
1. Copy the text that is selected
2. Convert the text to a web page
3. Display the web page in Safari
[edit]
Strengths of Workflows
Automator workflows are good at doing a simple sequence of actions.
Apple provides hundreds of actions that the user can use and each action does quite a lot compared to having to write
code oneself.
It is possible to build hierarchies of workflows with the action "Run Workflow" with which one workflow can run other
workflows.
Workflows can be saved as one of a number of different kinds of software:
1. Mac Application
2. Service used in the "Services" menu of applicable applications when the applicable kind of data is selected.
3. Folder Actions which are triggered automatically for configured folders when items are added or removed,
etc
4. Calendar Alarms which are triggered at a given date and time
5. Workflow which can be run inside of Automator and later saved as another type of Automator workflow
6. Print plugin available when printing in virtually any application. (This kind of workflow receives a PDF
document as its input.
7. Image capture plugin to receive images from cameras and mobile devices
Once saved in any format, a workflow can be re-opened in Automator, modified and saved again either in the same
format or as a different kind of workflow.
Automator makes it easy to produce many different types of software.
[edit]
Limitations of Workflows
Automator workflows don't have a conditional statement. Actions can have conditions, but not workflows.
Although a workflow can loop, the loop has to start over at the beginning.
[edit]
Using Programming Languages With Automator
Apple provides the following actions to allow users of Automator to have customized actions.
Run Shell Script Action, using any of the following languages that come preinstalled with OS X.
bash
python
ruby
perl
Run AppleScript Action
Run Application Action
[edit]
Third-Party Automator Actions
Developers can make their own actions and distribute them as either a part of their applications or on the Mac App
Store.
AppleScript
AppleScript is a scripting language developed by Apple Computer, which uses English-like syntax.
Contents
[hide]
1 Description
2 History
3 Editors
4 Dictionaries
5 Language Examples
5.1 Hello World
5.2 Current Track
5.3 Shell Scripting
6 Links
[edit]
Description
Many people dismiss AppleScript as an inferior language due to its inability to do certain things, and due to its
English-like syntax which programmers of other languages can find restricting. However they are often misinformed.
While AppleScript is not designed for making full-fledged applications (although AppleScript Studio is bridging this
gap), it specializes in communicating with and manipulating other, "scriptable" applications. For example, you could
create a script to gather song information from iTunes and send it to a buddy in iChat. This script would be
communicating with two different applications, something which is difficult if not impossible to do using other
languages.
[edit]
History
AppleScript was first introduced in October 1993 with the Mac OS 7.1.1 update, made possible by the addition of
Apple Events to the operating system in Mac OS 7. QuarkXPress was one of the first applications to support it, and its
AppleScript support is used as an explanation as to why the Mac remained popular in the publishing market even
after Quark was ported to Windows.

Small but relatively frequent AppleScript updates have been made since its introduction, adding new language
features. However, AppleScript support was sometimes difficult to add to applications, so many developers avoided
doing so. A significant change came with the release of Mac OS X, when Cocoa developers could implement
AppleScript support in a much simpler way than ever before, resulting in an increase in support for the language.
[edit]
Editors
Most AppleScript developers edit their scripts with Script Editor (located at /Applications/AppleScript/Script Editor),
which is developed by Apple and bundled with Mac OS X. There are also several third party editors.
If you have Apple's Developer Tools installed, you can use Xcode to create AppleScript applications. Using the Xcode
suite, you can create custom interfaces to use for your AppleScript application. This requires a lot more background
knowledge than Script Editor but is also more powerful.
For users who find the AppleScript language difficult, Automator is another alternative. Introduced in Mac OS X 10.4
(Tiger), it allows you to set up "workflows" without writing any code. Automator can be more limiting than AppleScript.
[edit]
Dictionaries
For AppleScript to communicate with an application, the application must have an AppleScript dictionary. These
dictionaries list all classes, properties and commands supported by the application. The dictionaries can be viewed
from within Script Editor by choosing the "Open Dictionary..." command from the File menu, then choosing an
application.
[edit]
Language Examples
[edit]
Hello World
The first example is a very simple one that displays a dialog displaying the traditional "Hello World" message. It
demonstrates the English-like syntax that AppleScript uses.
display dialog "Hello World" buttons "OK" default button "OK"
The above example uses the "display dialog" command" with several parameters. Other parameters, such as "with
icon" and "default answer", also exist but are always optional.
[edit]
Current Track
This example is slightly more complicated in that it communicates with another application. This is done with a "tell"
block. It also uses variables, which store data such as numbers, text, and dates, and demonstrates string
concatenation. You will also see in the example that comments can be written by placing "--" at the start of a line.
The example will get the name of the current track from iTunes and display it in a dialog.
--Get the name of the current track from iTunes

tell application "iTunes"
set trackName to name of current track
end tell
--Concatenate strings into what we will show in the dialog

set message to "The current track is: " & trackName
--Show a message stating the current track
display dialog message buttons "OK" default button "OK"
[edit]
Shell Scripting
One powerful way to use AppleScript, is in conjunction with shell scripting. Although this requires some knowledge of
shell scripting, it often lets you do things that AppleScript can't do by itself.
This example lets you play an audio file in the background:
do shell script "afplay audiofile.wav"
Utilities folder
(Redirected from Utilities)
The Utilities folder is located inside the Applications folder on your Mac. It contains applications that aren't used very
often or are only for advanced users.
3rd party software guides
How to make security copies of your DVDs
Adium
How to make your videos iPod compatible

Backing up DVDs
(Redirected from Make security copies of your DVDs)
Disclaimer: This information is provided only to help you make backup copies of DVDs that you legitimately
own (or have created yourself). You are solely responsible to abide by your local laws in this aspect.
Notes:
It is assumed that you have Roxio Toast or a similar application to burn DVDs (mainly to have more options
in burning a DVD, as compared to burning from Disk Utility).
All price references use the US dollar and US prices as of November 2005.
Contents
[hide]
1 Copying Commercial DVDs
1.1 Encryption/protection
1.2 Breaking encryption/protection
1.3 Disk size
2 Burning the disc
3 Copying DVDs onto your hard drive
[edit]
Copying Commercial DVDs
Making a backup copy of commercial movie DVDs is complicated by two factors:
1. Encryption/protection
2. Disk size
[edit]
Encryption/protection
Commercial DVDs that use encryption use a scheme called CSS (Content Scrambling System), which makes
them impossible to copy using applications like Disk Utility or Toast. The reason this is impossible is not
because the encryption is strong (no, this was a very simple encryption that was broken by a single line of Perl
code; of course, it was not something everybody could do) - it's impossible because the content manufacturers
have managed to force the Government and commercial software makers to not allow this! Of course, the DVD
Player application that comes with Mac OS X does know how to decrypt your DVDs - otherwise you wouldn't be
able to watch those movies on your Mac! Protection of DVDs is used in combination with encryption to make it
difficult to copy the DVD. Protection is of different types - RCE protection is used to mark a DVD as belonging to
a particular geographical region (so DVD players from other regions would refuse to play the DVD, unless the
player is a "region free device"); structure protection is used to fool any normal "file reading" application into
believing that the data is either not found or is incomplete.
[edit]
Breaking encryption/protection
To decrypt encrypted DVDs and to break the RCE/structure protection, download either RipIt or MacTheRipper
to extract the DVD to your hard disk. Note that it is illegal to break such encryption in the USA (due to the
DMCA) and in Europe.
[edit]
Disk size
Many commercial DVDs are actually dual layer DVDs that can hold up to 8.5GB of data. As of this writing
(November 2005), although dual layer DVD writers are available for $30 upwards, dual layer DVD media still
cost a lot (compare around $2+ for one dual layer disc vs. around 30 cents for a single layer disc). So if you
want to make a backup of that dual layer DVD without having to use expensive dual layer media, then you need
to "shrink" the data on the dual layer DVD so that it can fit on a single layer disc (that can hold up to 4.7GB). On
the Mac, you can use commercial applications like DVD Remaster or DVD2OneX to do this (there are no free
applications). If you have access to a Windows PC, you can use a free application called DVDShrink to do the
same. Note that shrinking DVDs means losing out, to some extent, on the quality of the picture and sound. Use
one of these applications to create a DVD folder that's smaller than 4.7GB. The application you use would be
able to provide you the right compression level to make the contents fit on a single layer disc.
[edit]
Burning the disc
Once you have compressed the DVD you can burn it using either the free Disk Utility that came with your Mac,
Toast or Popcorn (Note that Popcorn is included in the latest Toast version 7). You can also use Toast or
Popcorn to copy a single layer DVD (that has no encryption or protection) or to burn a DVD from a folder on the
hard disk, This makes burning DVDs simple (and error free because of the buffer under-run protection it
provides), although the application is not free.

[edit]
Copying DVDs onto your hard drive
If you don't want to have an exact copy of your DVD on another DVD but rather take it with you on your HD,
while you travel for example, then just stop after ripping the DVD to your hard disk with MacTheRipper. This
though will result in a fairly big file, depending on the DVD. If you want to get smaller files and don't care too
much about the quality, then rip your DVDs to your hard drive using Handbrake, which will reduce the files to
something around a gigabyte depending on the options and the movie.
Adium
Adium, also known as Adium X, is a popular open source instant messaging client for Mac OS X.
Contents
[hide]
1 Features
2 Protocols
3 Links
4 Alternatives
[edit]
Features
Adium includes a number of features, including:
Tabbed chats
File transfers
Graphical smileys
Themes/skins
Plug in architecture
Multiple protocol support
Lacking is support for audio or video chats, which is one reason some people prefer Apple Computer's iChat.
[edit]
Protocols
A distinguishing feature of Adium is its support for a wide range of chat protocols, due to its use of the libgaim library.
Some of these protocols are listed below:
AOL Instant Messenger
Bonjour
ICQ
Jabber and Google Talk
MSN Messenger
Yahoo! Messenger
[edit]
Links
Official Adium X website
Adium Xtras
[edit]
Alternatives
Other Mac OS X instant messaging programs that support multiple protocols include:
Fire
iChat by Apple Computer
Proteus by Defaultware
Ripping a DVD to an iPod Video

This article or section is based on a forum post written by clayj.
The following steps will allow you to rip a DVD into a format that is viewable on a 5th generation iPod ("Video
iPod"). The resulting movie looks quite nice on the iPod's screen.
Note: Ripping copyright protected DVDs may be illegal depending on the country on which you are residing in.
Please consult all local laws before continuing with this guide.
Contents
[hide]
1 Ripping Steps
1.1 H.264 Video (better for iPod-only playback)
1.1.1 Destination Section
1.1.2 Video Section
1.1.3 Audio Section
1.1.4 Picture Settings
1.2 MPEG-4 Video (better for TV playback, since it supports higher resolution)
1.2.1 Destination Section
1.2.2 Video Section
1.2.3 Audio Section
1.2.4 Picture Settings
2 Notes
[edit]
Ripping Steps
1. Download MacTheRipper and Handbrake. (You'll have to use Google for the current location of
MacTheRipper.)
NOTE: Yes, you can skip using MacTheRipper... but there have been instances where trying to use
Handbrake to rip directly from a DVD does not work.
2. Insert your DVD, and kill (Force Quit if you have to) the DVD Player application if it starts.
3. Launch MacTheRipper and wait for it to detect the DVD. Click the Mode button, and from the
dropdown list, select Main Feature Extraction. Then, click Go!
Extraction should take 45 minutes or so, but this will vary from DVD to DVD. Once extraction is
complete, you can then quit MactheRipper and eject the DVD.
4. Then, launch Handbrake. In the dialog box that appears, select "DVD Folder / Image". Click Browse.
Select the folder that MacTheRipper created (this will be named "[something] Main Feature"), and click
Open.
5. Once Handbrake has scanned the ripped DVD folder, you will see the main Handbrake dialog box.
Here are the settings to set (use ONE of the two following sections):
[edit]
H.264 Video (better for iPod-only playback)
[edit]
Destination Section
Codecs = AVC/H.264 Video / AAC Audio
File = [specify any file name you like, ending in ".mp4"]
[edit]
Video Section
Encoder = x264 (Baseline profile) (This is critical! do not select "Main profile", or the video will not play on
your iPod!)
Quality = select Average Bitrate and type a value no higher than 640* in the box
Why 640, you ask? Because the MAXIMUM bitrate supported by the iPod with H.264 is 768. Since we are
specifying an average bitrate, we need to specify a lower value that will prevent spikes over 768 in the video.
640 is a nice, high value that has worked for many users. 640 will provide the best quality while ensuring that
the file is actually playable on your iPod. If you enter 768, the video will almost certainly not play on your
iPod.
[edit]
Audio Section
Sample rate (Hz) = any value up to 48000 (higher value = better sound quality = bigger file)
Bitrate (kbps) = any value up to 160 (higher value = better sound quality = bigger file)
[edit]
Picture Settings
Click Picture Settings.
For iPod-only playback: Using the arrow controls, drop the Width value to 320.
For TV playback: Change the settings as you like, but Width times Height should not exceed
230,400.
In either case, you should leave the "Keep aspect ratio" checkbox checked; if you uncheck it and change
the Height value manually, your video may be distorted and/or cropped. Then, click Close.
When you've set one of the above sets of settings, click Rip. Ripping the DVD folder into a working MP4
file will take a while, possibly as much as 3 or 4 hours, depending on the DVD and the settings you
choose. Wait until Handbrake gives you a "Done." message before you quit Handbrake or do anything
with the new file!
[edit]
MPEG-4 Video (better for TV playback, since it supports higher
resolution)
[edit]
Destination Section
Codecs = MPEG-4 Video / AAC Audio
File = [specify any file name you like, ending in ".mp4"]
[edit]
Video Section
Encoder = FFmpeg
Quality = select Average Bitrate and type any value up to 2000 or so in the box (For iPod-only
playback, a value of 1024 will do nicely; for TV playback, you might want to specify a higher value.
The maximum supported by the iPod with MPEG-4 is 2500, but since we're specifying an AVERAGE
bitrate, you shouldn't go higher than 2000 or so.)
[edit]
Audio Section
Sample rate (Hz) = any value up to 48000 (higher value = better sound quality = bigger file)
Bitrate (kbps) = any value up to 160 (higher value = better sound quality = bigger file)
[edit]
Picture Settings
Click Picture Settings.
For iPod-only playback: Using the arrow controls, drop the Width value to 320.
For TV playback: Change the settings as you like, but Width times Height should not exceed
230,400.
In either case, you should leave the "Keep aspect ratio" checkbox checked; if you uncheck it and change
the Height value manually, your video may be distorted and/or cropped. Then, click Close.
When you've set one of the above sets of settings, click Rip. Ripping the DVD folder into a working MP4
file will take a while, possibly as much as 3 or 4 hours, depending on the DVD and the settings you
choose. Wait until Handbrake gives you a "Done." message before you quit Handbrake or do anything
with the new file!
[edit]
Notes
Important: you need to wait until Handbrake says "Done" before you do anything with the file it
creates. Failure to get a good "Done" will result in an MP4 file that will not play! So even if it says
100%, wait a while; if you wait for more than a couple of hours and it doesn't give you a "Done", kill
the Handbrake process and try again. Remember: No "Done", no usable movie!
One user has been able to successfully rip over 20 movies to play on his iPod using these steps,
without any problems. The file sizes will vary from movie to movie, depending on the length of the
movie and how complicated visually it is. (For example, THX 1138, which contains many stark, bland
white scenes, is a smaller file than Black Hawk Down.)

HandBrake
The open source video transcoder
NewsFeaturesDownloadsCommunity & HelpContribute
HandBrake is a tool for converting video from nearly any format to a selection of
modern, widely supported codecs.
Reasons youll love HandBrake:
Convert video from nearly any format

Free and Open Source
Multi-Platform (Windows, Mac and Linux)
Download Handbrake 0.9.9
For Windows XP or later
(Other Platforms)
It's free!
Hardware guides
Installing RAM
How to check your hard drive and measures when it is failing
Installing RAM
Hopefully, you have visited the Buying RAM page of this wiki and are now here to continue your adventure with
installing RAM.
Contents
[hide]
1 How-To
2 Machine Specific Tips

2.1 Any machine with screws to remove
2.2 Intel iMac and MacBook SODIMMs
2.3 PowerBook and iBook and MacBook SODIMMs
2.4 Mac Pro FB-DIMMs
2.5 G5 iMacs
2.6 G4 iMac
3 After Installation
[edit]
How-To
Installing RAM is pretty simple in Macs, although you need to take some precautions to avoid unintentional damage
(like static discharge, for example). Apple provides a Do-It-Yourself guide to upgrade or repair your Apple product at
Do-It-Yourself Parts and Service. Select the product you're interested in from the drop down list and read through the
detailed instructions. Also, on the inside coverings of many Macs are graphical instructions on how to install the RAM.
The iMac G4 is a good example of this- after the bottom cover has been removed, there are instructions on how to
add RAM.
If you'd like to see videos of upgrades, just to make sure you're doing the right thing, you could also check the OWC's
upgrade videos section that has some detailed (and yet small) videos. You can also reach this page from OWC's
home page - select the 'Tech Center' link and proceed from there. Upgrade instructions for many Powerbooks, iBooks
and older Macs can be found at iFixIt.com
[edit]
Machine Specific Tips
[edit]
Any machine with screws to remove
Get the right size Phillips screwdriver to fit the screw tightly, use no other. Be serious about bearing down on the driver
to hold the tip in as you make the first turn. Do not let the driver ride up and out of the screw, otherwise you can ruin
the screw. Don't be timid.
[edit]
Intel iMac and MacBook SODIMMs
When you push the RAM into the socket, you cannot see what you are doing. First, make sure the slot in the RAM
connector edge matches the key in the socket (or the diagram next to the socket). The RAM is a straight push in - the
RAM will go in about 1 inch and stop. It is not installed yet. You need to get both thumbs on the RAM and push it in
1/8" (2mm) more to get the pins fully seated into the contacts. This is important to make sure the memory is not ill
contacted - a significant proportion of RAM 'failure' on these machines is actually a failure to push the module in hard
enough.
[edit]
PowerBook and iBook and MacBook SODIMMs
These machines use flat sockets that you have to angle the RAM into. First, make sure the slot in the RAM connector
edge matches the key in the socket. Hold the RAM at approximately a 30 - 45 degree angle, then push the connector
edge into the socket. Now, with both thumbs on the long edge of the RAM, push in with modest force, to make sure
the pins are fully seated into the socket contacts. This must be done while the RAM is still up on the angle. Then, lay
the RAM down to the flat position; the clips will click in on either side (however the clips clicking is not an indication
that the pins are properly seated). Inspect the RAM at the socket; there should be none or very few of the gold pin
contacts remaining visible, and the RAM should be perfectly parallel with the socket. If it is angled, or you can see
more than 1/16" (1 mm) of contacts, take it right out and do it again. You cannot push it successfully in while it is flat.
[edit]
Mac Pro FB-DIMMs
The Mac Pro Xeon machines use FB-DIMMs. They are installed in pairs. The machine has 2 riser cards that take the
RAM, each card has 4 sockets. You populate the RAM in pairs, with the largest RAM in the numerically lowest slots --
in this order:
A1 A2
B1 B2
A3 A4
B3 B4
The sockets 3 and 4 have a higher latency than sockets 1 and 2, so put your largest RAM in the 1 and 2 sockets.
There is a small speed benefit to installing 4 identical modules across both risers: A1 A2 B1 B2 which permits 256-bit
access mode. However, do not buy smaller RAM modules just to match an existing pair.
There is a diagram on the inside of 2007 Mac Pros to help identify installation order. Newer Mac Pros have a diagram
inside directing you to see the User Manual for installation instructions, instead.
The 2008 Penryn MacPros deliver with RAM in A1 B1. This must be changed if you are adding RAM. If you are adding
one pair, put the new RAM in A1 A2 and relocate the Apple RAM to B1 B2.
[edit]
G5 iMacs
Do not install RAM with heatspreaders or heatsinks installed. They do not physically fit and you will break the socket
on the logic board if you try.
[edit]
G4 iMac
The user accessible SODIMM socket on the bottom is easy to replace, just remove the round metal plate on the
bottom of the machine. The internal DIMM socket however requires disassembly of the chassis out of the 'dome' and
is best handled by a technician with the correct instructions for disassembly and reassembly. If it is not done correctly,
the machine will be prone to overheating and may be permanently damaged.
[edit]
After Installation
The last step before enjoying your new memory is to thoroughly test it. If errors come up, you'll want to know this so
you can return the memory without risking data corruption. See the Testing RAM guide for details.
Troubleshooting - When something doesn't work
An exhaustive list of all kinds of problems and their solutions can be found on Apple's troubleshooting 101 page.Some
general quick steps to solve problems are listed in the categories below.
[edit]
Software
Troubleshooting Software Problems - Try the steps in this article if you're having software problems.
Troubleshooting Network Problems - Try the steps in this article if you're having network problems.
[edit]
Hardware
Troubleshooting Hardware Problems - Tips to resolving harware problems (includes tips to get rid of stuck
"dead" pixels)
Troubleshooting Software Problems
A wide variety of software problems can occur while using your Mac. The causes are just as diverse, however a few
techniques can fix a large number of problems.
[edit]
Techniques
Try the following and see after each step whether the problem still exists:
1. Force quit the application if it is not responding
2. Repair permissions
3. Restart or log out then log in again
4. Delete preferences files of troublesome applications
5. Try creating a new user account and see if the problem still persists on that account. If so, you can either
move to that user account or go back to your main one and use trial and error by moving files in and out of
your Library folder until you can narrow down the cause of the problem to a single corrupt file (which can
then be deleted).
6. Run maintenance scripts
7. Zap the PRAM
8. If an application continues to make problems you might need to uninstall it
[edit]
Specific Apps
Troubleshooting Help Viewer
Repairing a faulty Spotlight index
Troubleshooting Network Problems

A wide variety of network problems can occur while using your Mac. The causes are just as diverse, however a few
techniques can fix a large number of problems.
Contents
[hide]
1 Identifying a Slow Connection
1.1 Identifying excessive LAN traffic
1.2 Identifying bad paths to remote sites
2 Identifying Internet-related issues
2.1 Bad DNS Cache
2.2 Incorrect MTU Settings
3 See Also
[edit]
Identifying a Slow Connection
Sometimes, the internet may appear slow, and unresponsive, or webpages tend to load more slowly. The causes may
be varied, but if all webpages appear to load equally slow, and you suspect the problem might be on your LAN, try
this.
[edit]
Identifying excessive LAN traffic
Install a bandwidth monitoring tool, such as MenuMeters. With no internet applications running, it should
show zero traffic.
Use the shell. Type this into the Terminal:
sudo tcpdump -i en1
This will ask for the root password (as it is running through sudo) and will dump out all tcp traffic for the specified
interface. "en1" is typically, but not always, the Airport. Typing ctrl-q and ctrl-s will pause and unpause the output.
Ideally, you should be able to identify any domain listed in tcpdump's output. Identifying domains is tricky, but look for
".com" and ".net'.

If tcpdump shows lots of unrecognizable domains, it may mean your computer or a computer on your LAN is
running a net-intensive program. Common causes are filesharers (BitTorrent, Acquisition) or spyware (more
common on Windows-based machines).
[edit]
Identifying bad paths to remote sites
Sometimes, a remote website is unresponsive for others, but not the local machine. This is likely due to a bad node in
the path between the local and remote machines.
1. Open /Applications/Utilities/Network Utility
2. Open the Traceroute tab
3. Type in the remote website, such as "google.com" and hit Trace
4. After a while, you'll see a list of every node between the local machine and remote. The output looks like this:
Traceroute has started ...

traceroute: Warning: google.com has multiple addresses; using 72.14.207.99
traceroute to google.com (72.14.207.99), 64 hops max, 40 byte packets
1 10.114.32.1 (10.114.32.1) 914.657 ms 846.880 ms 941.103 ms
2 stagflstag-rtr1-3.se.rr.com (24.26.16.9) 868.670 ms 883.073 ms 509.596
ms
3 pos10-0.tampflerl-rtr2.tampabay.rr.com (65.32.8.25) 370.200 ms 143.648
ms 228.678 ms
4 pos6-0-oc-192.tampflerl-rtr4.tampabay.rr.com (65.32.8.137) 796.923 ms
282.122 ms 893.738 ms
5 pop2-tby-p0-1.atdn.net (66.185.136.185) 1288.203 ms 905.030 ms 456.472
ms
6 bb1-tby-p0-3.atdn.net (66.185.138.208) 67.447 ms 75.024 ms 66.814 ms
7 bb2-atm-p7-0.atdn.net (66.185.152.245) 51.564 ms 321.921 ms 904.427 ms
8 pop2-atm-p5-0.atdn.net (66.185.138.43) 908.132 ms 520.248 ms 100.082
ms
9 google.atdn.net (66.185.147.218) 342.928 ms 53.205 ms 54.449 ms
10 72.14.238.96 (72.14.238.96) 124.733 ms 108.714 ms 686.391 ms
11 72.14.238.233 (72.14.238.233) 922.571 ms 937.112 ms 920.293 ms
12 66.249.94.234 (66.249.94.234) 866.052 ms 941.489 ms 919.744 ms
13 66.249.94.98 (66.249.94.98) 958.012 ms 924.657 ms 931.739 ms
14 72.14.236.181 (72.14.236.181) 970.860 ms 831.862 ms 732.118 ms
15 72.14.236.130 (72.14.236.130) 370.619 ms 822.449 ms 888.695 ms
16 66.249.94.72 (66.249.94.72) 812.530 ms 830.257 ms 624.533 ms
17 72.14.236.130 (72.14.236.130) 343.272 ms 72.14.207.99 (72.14.207.99)
1113.232 ms 962.343 ms
The local machine is first (hop #1) and the remote machine is last (hop #17, in this case). It means the connection to
the remote machine went through 17 nodes (computers, routers...). The three numbers following the node name are 3
times. The lower this time is, the better. If a time shows as simply "* * *" it means that node didn't reply to the
traceroute request in 5 seconds.
[edit]
Identifying Internet-related issues
Sometimes, the local net connection will be fine, but no remote sites will respond. Here are some common problems,
and solutions
[edit]
Bad DNS Cache
DNS Cache is a copy of the domain names and their corresponding addresses of the web servers accessed by a user
in a computer on the LAN. Retrieving an IP address from the local cache is almost instantaneous. This eliminates
many delays and speeds up browsing for the end user.
If some (or all) remote websites fail to respond, and the connection to the internet is valid, the DNS cache may be old
or out of date. To reset the cache, and hopefully restore internet conenction, type the following into the Terminal:
sudo lookupd -flushcache
For Mac OS 10.5 and above:
sudo dscacheutil -flushcache
(You'll be asked for the root password, since sudo is being used).
That action has the effect of making all internet queries ask for the actual IP address of the remote server, again,
rather than relying on a previously recorded IP address.
[edit]
Incorrect MTU Settings
MTU or Maximum Transmission Unit refers to the size (in bytes) of the largest packet or frame that a given layer of a
communications protocol can pass onwards.
If partial internet connectivity is experienced including corrupt web pages and downloads with https:/ site problems,
the internet connection is fine but a possible incorrect MTU value defined by default in Mac OS.
The solution is to manually change the MTU in Mac OS after confirming the value from the ISP. To change the value
manually:
In Mac OS X 10.5: Open Network Preferences (by selecting Apple Menu in the menubar and choosing System
Preferences). Select the active connection through which you are connected to the internet, click Advanced and select
Ethernet. From the Configure drop down menu, choose Manually. From the MTU drop down menu choose Custom
and enter the MTU value provided by the ISP in the box below it. Click OK and click Apply.
In Mac OS X 10.4:
1. Open the Terminal located in the Applications folder, inside the Utilities folder.
2. At the command prompt, type the following command. In place of "<value>" enter the number for the MTU
value provided by the ISP.
sudo ifconfig en1 mtu <value>
Enter password when prompted for.
The MTU changes made through the Terminal are not persistent and must be repeated each time Mac OS is
restarted.
Additional details at Apple's support page for MTU
Terminal
The Terminal application.
The Terminal is a program included with all versions of Mac OS X. It is located in the Utilities folder within the
Applications folder. When launched, it provides a line interface to control the underpinnings of the UNIX based
operating system.
The default UNIX shell in Mac OS X Panther (10.3) or later is Bash
Contents
[hide]
1 Commands
2 A few basics
2.1 The current directory
2.2 Job control
2.3 Who Am I and Where Am I
2.4 Some Other Useful Tips
2.4.1 Home Directory shortcuts
2.4.2 Auto-completion
2.4.3 Drag and drop
3 See Also
[edit]
Commands
Here is a list of common commands:
ls
list files and directories
cd
change directory
mkdir
create a new directory
cp
copy files or directories
mv
move (rename) files or directories
rm
remove files or directories
See the Terminal Commands category for a list of useful Terminal programs.
[edit]
A few basics
When the Terminal is first opened, a message similar to the following appears:
Last login: Sat Dec 17 14:08:02 on ttyp2

Welcome to Darwin!
h460db012:~ markyoung$
Line 1 shows the last time the Terminal was used. 'ttyp2 can be thought of as the
"connection" to the Terminal. For example, opening another terminal window
would probably show "ttyp3". Alternatively, if you have enabled Remote Login, the
remote address of the last user would be visible there. If the date or last
connection is unfamiliar, it could indicate someone has unwanted access to your
computer.
Line 2 is just a friendly greeting from Darwin.
Line 3 is the prompt, or command prompt. It shows the machine name
(h460db012), a colon, the present working directory (~) a space, the current user
(markyoung) and a dollar sign (or a hash (#) if the shell has super user
privileges).
[edit]
The current directory
The current directory, also known as the working directory, is where you are. In
the Finder, this is equivalent to having a window open and viewing the files. To
determine the current directory, type in:
pwd
Which produces an output similar to this:
h460db012:~ markyoung$ pwd

/Users/markyoung
pwd stands for "present working directory", and will likely output "/Users/
(yourusername)". You may also notice that the current directory is displayed in a
different form in the prompt. In this case, "~" is equivalent to "/Users/markyoung",
the home folder. To change the current directory, use the cd command, as in
h460db012:~ markyoung$ cd Documents/
h460db012:~/Documents markyoung$ pwd
/Users/markyoung/Documents
You are now in your Documents directory, just as if you had double clicked on the
Documents folder in the Finder. Note how the prompt has changed to include the
path "~/Documents". You can get a list of all the documents in this directory with
the ls (list) command:
h460db012:~/Documents markyoung$ ls
Cocoa Programming
Mars.snf
Microsoft User Data
Pirate Girl.jpeg
jeep dimensions.rtf
jeep stuff.rtf
macTV_SteveJobsSNLSkit.m4v
starwarsWhosOnFirst.wmv
The ls has many, many options, and is worth learning. For example, ls -F will
postfix a slash (/) on every directory and an asterisk (*) on every executable file.
To open one of these documents, use the open command. The open command is
equivalent to double clicking a file in the Finder.
h460db012:~/Documents markyoung$ open

starwarsWhosOnFirst.wmv
[edit]
Job control
While Activity Monitor is useful, it's not quite as useful as working with the shell.
To get a list of every running process on your computer, type this:
ps -ax
"process status" dumps out a long list of everything that's running, along with the
job number. Paired with the grep command, you can quickly determine if a
process or application is running. Example,

h460db012:~/Documents markyoung$ ps -ax | grep http
164 ?? Ss 0:06.05 /usr/sbin/httpd
1377 p1 R+ 0:00.00 grep http
"/usr/sbin/httpd" confirms that Apache is running.
h460db012:~/Documents markyoung$ ps -ax | grep mysql

1379 p1 R+ 0:00.00 grep mysql
In this case however, MySQL is not running. The only process that matches
"mysql" is the grep process itself (the process doing the searching).
To forcefully end a process, kill it.
h460db012:~/Documents markyoung$ ps -ax | grep Dock

91 ?? S 0:15.03
/System/Library/CoreServices/Dock.app/Contents/MacOS/D
ock -psn_0_393217
1383 p1 R+ 0:00.00 grep Dock
h460db012:~/Documents markyoung$ kill 91
Here, we first find the process ID of the Dock, then use the kill command with the
process ID as a parameter. Alternatively, you can skip the process list and grep,
and use the "combined" form:
h460db012:~/Documents markyoung$ killall Dock
Of course, the "kill" command can cause some issues if you kill the wrong
process id.
For more on jobs and job control, see the jobs article.
[edit]
Who Am I and Where Am I
To get the name of the current user, use the cleverly named "whoami" command
(although this information is also available in the command prompt).
h460db012:~/Documents markyoung$ whoami

markyoung
To get your current location, use the "hostname" command.
h460db012:~/Documents markyoung$ hostname

h460db012.area2.spcsdns.net
[edit]
Some Other Useful Tips
[edit]
Home Directory shortcuts
Your home directory (/Users/[yourusername]) can quickly be navigated to by
typing "cd" with no arguments. Alternatively, the tilde(~) character is a shortcut for
the home directory of the logged in user. The tilde can prefix another user's name
to become the shortcut of that user's home directory. Therefore, these commands
are equivalent (assuming markyoung is the current user):
cd ~
cd ~markyoung
cd /Users/markyoung
[edit]
Auto-completion
At any time, when typing a command, the Terminal (or, more accurately, bash)
allows for filename completion, by hitting the tab key. As a common example, type
this
tail -f /var/log/sys
But, before hitting return, hit "tab". The shell will complete the filename, as the
only thing in the /var/log directory that starts with "sys" is "system.log". If there's
multiple matches, the shell will complete it up to the last common point. For
example:
tail -f /var/log/sec
Tab in this case merely completes up to /var/log/secure.log and then beeps. This
is because there are (probably) multiple files that begin with "secure.log".
Pressing tab a second time will tell the shell to provide a list of matching files. For
example:
h460db012:~/Documents markyoung$ tail -f

/var/log/secure.log
secure.log secure.log.1.gz secure.log.3.gz
secure.log.0.gz secure.log.2.gz secure.log.4.gz
h460db012:~/Documents markyoung$ tail -f
/var/log/secure.log
This handy feature allows you to choose the one you want. If you were to type
".1", then tab, then it would complete the filename as "secure.log.1.gz" (although
in this example this is a gzip'd file, which isn't tailable)
[edit]
Drag and drop
To save time typing out a long path, you can drag an icon from Finder to a
Terminal window, and the whole path will be filled in for you. For example, if you
wanted to set the current directory to ~/Library/Preferences/, you could type in
(with a trailing space):
cd
Then drag the Preferences folder onto the Terminal window, press return, and the
command will work as normal. The icon in the title bar of a Finder window is also
draggable in this manner.
sudo
sudo is a Terminal command used to execute a command as another user, by default, the root user. This is useful if,
for example, a system file or another user's file needs to be edited. sudo will ask for a password, and if successful,
will not ask for a password for another 5 minutes.
[edit]
Examples
To edit a default system plist:

sudo open /Library/Preferences/com.apple.sharing.firewall.plist
To delete a file owned by another, without changing permissions of the parent directory:
sudo -u george rm ~george/Documents/somefile.txt
[edit]
Man Page Excerpt
sudo allows a permitted user to execute a command as the superuser or another user, as specified in the sudoers file.
The real and effective uid and gid are set to match those of the target user as specified in the passwd file and the
group vector is initialized based on the group file (unless the -P option was specified). If the invoking user is root or if
the target user is the same as the invoking user, no password is required. Otherwise, sudo requires that users
authenticate themselves with a password by default (NOTE: in the default configuration this is the user's password,
not the root password). Once a user has been authenticated, a timestamp is updated and the user may then use sudo
without a password for a short period of time (5 minutes unless overridden in sudoers).
tcpdump
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this
article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be
challenged and removed. (September 2010)
tcpdump
tcpdump console output
Developer(s) The Tcpdump team

Stable release 4.4.0 / May 20, 2013; 2 months ago[1]
Linux, Solaris, FreeBSD, NetBSD,

Operating system OpenBSD, OS X, additional *NIX
systems, Windows
Type Packet analyzer
License BSD license[2]
Website www.tcpdump.org
tcpdump is a common packet analyzer that runs under the command line. It allows the user to
intercept and display TCP/IP and other packets being transmitted or received over a network to
which the computer is attached. Distributed under the BSD license,[3] tcpdump is free software.
Tcpdump works on most Unix-like operating systems: Linux, Solaris, BSD, OS X, HP-UX and
AIX among others. In those systems, tcpdump uses the libpcap library to capture packets. The
port of tcpdump for Windows is called WinDump; it uses WinPcap, the Windows port of libpcap.
Contents
[hide]
1 History
2 Common uses
3 Privileges required
4 See also
5 References
6 External links
History[edit source | editbeta]

It was originally written in 1987 by Van Jacobson, Craig Leres and Steven McCanne who were,
at the time, working in the Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory Network Research Group. By the late
1990s there were numerous versions of tcpdump distributed as part of various operating systems,
and numerous patches that were not well coordinated. Michael Richardson (mcr) and Bill Fenner
created www.tcpdump.org in 1999.
Common uses[edit source | editbeta]

Tcpdump analyzes network behavior, performance and applications that generate or receive
network traffic. It can also be used for analyzing the network infrastructure itself by determining
whether all necessary routing is occurring properly, allowing the user to further isolate the source
of a problem.
It is also possible to use tcpdump for the specific purpose of intercepting and displaying the
communications of another user or computer. A user with the necessary privileges on a system
acting as a router or gateway through which unencrypted traffic such as Telnet or HTTP passes
can use tcpdump to view login IDs, passwords, the URLs and content of websites being viewed,
or any other unencrypted information.
The user may optionally apply a BPF-based filter to limit the number of packets seen by
tcpdump; this renders the output more usable on networks with a high volume of traffic.
Privileges required[edit source | editbeta]

In some Unix-like operating systems, a user must have superuser privileges to use tcpdump
because the packet capturing mechanisms on those systems require elevated privileges. However,
the -Z option may be used to drop privileges to a specific unprivileged user after capturing has
been set up. In other Unix-like operating systems, the packet capturing mechanism can be
configured to allow non-privileged users to use it; if that is done, superuser privileges are not
required.
See also[edit source | editbeta]

Free software portal
Packetsquare, A protocol field (pcap) editor and replay tool
Tcptrace, a tool for analyzing the logs produced by tcpdump
EtherApe, a network mapping tool that relies on sniffing traffic
Ngrep, a tool that can match regular expressions within the network packet payloads
netsniff-ng, a free Linux networking toolkit

References[edit source | editbeta]
1. ^ "tcpdump and libpcap latest release". tcpdump & libpcap. 2013-05-20. Retrieved 2013-
05-20.
2. ^ "tcpdump and libpcap license". tcpdump & libpcap. 2005.02.20. Retrieved 2012-04-13.
3. ^ "LICENSE file from source code (public GIT repository)".
External links[edit source | editbeta]

Official site for tcpdump (and libpcap)
Official site for WinDump
A tcpdump Tutorial and Primer
ngrep, a tcpdump-like tool
Portable version of tcpdump for Windows
Tutorial video for tcpdump in Linux
WinDump Color Highlighting
Fast path based tcpdump for 10 Gbps traffic
Apps
See also List of Mac SoftwareBy no means is this meant to be an exhaustive list but it covers the basic apps that one
might need. For all your app needs please check the following sites:
VersionTracker - all your app needs satisfied
MacUpdate - the same as above
Mac OS X Downloads - Apple's "site for Mac OS X freeware, shareware, demos, widgets and more"
or see the Finding Mac Software article for more information.
If you want to see an example of what you might need, see what I have installed.
(f) free (s) shareware (c) commercial
List of Mac Software

This is an alphabetical list of applications available for Mac OS X in a variety of categories.
Contents
[hide]
1 Application Launchers
2 Browsers
3 Business and Office Applications
4 Drawing Applications
5 Feed Readers
5.1 See Also
6 FTP Clients
7 Games
7.1 See Also
8 Instant Messaging and Communication
8.1 See Also
9 Media Conversion/Importing Applications
10 Mac Maintenance and Backup Applications
11 Media Players
11.1 See also

12 P2P
13 Personal Organization
14 Photography Software
15 Programming
16 Scientific Applications
17 Sports Applications
18 Web Development
19 See Also
20 External Links
[edit]
Application Launchers
Application Launchers are simple utilities that usually make it faster to open an application hidden in your
/Applications folder without crowding your dock. They're usually faster than Spotlight and have other functions besides
app launching that make them much more useful, though sometimes their user interface is so minimal it can be
difficult to figure them out at first, once you do learn to use them, you can sometimes feel blind using a computer that
doesn't have your favorite application launcher installed.
Program
Developer Price Comments
Name
Free
Butler Many Tricks Highly configurable app launcher that can also run AppleScripts.
(Donationware)
Open source highly configurable app launcher that can also run
AppleScripts and Terminal commands and perform Actions via plug-
ins and do lightweight file management. It learns you most often used
Quicksilver Blacktree Free
applications and allows you to launch them via keyboard shortcuts or
via the normal interface. The UI is also very minimal making it difficult
to learn. Guide.
Cursor driven app launcher that gives you quick access to your most
Donelleschi
Sapiens $19.95 often used applications by making a circle with the mouse/trackpad
Software
cursor and by learning what your most often used applications are.
[edit]
Browsers
These programs allow you to browse the internet.
Program Name Developer Price Comments
Camino Mozilla Free Mac only fast Cocoa based browser from the makers of Firefox.
Chrome Google Free Google's new web browser
Firefox Mozilla Free Cross platform highly extensible browser.
Omniweb Omnigroup Now Free Mac only browser based on a modified webkit engine.
Opera Opera Free Cross platform; also handles email and feeds.
Safari Apple With OS X Apple's default web browser
Shiira Shiira Free A WebKit based browser for Mac OS X.
[edit]
Business and Office Applications
Applications commonly used in professional communications, office correspondence, and running a business. These
include software applications for composing documents, creating presentations, managing spreadsheets, and
productivity tools.
AbiWord is a free word processing program similar to

AbiWord AbiSource Free Microsoft Word. It is suitable for a wide variety of word
processing tasks.
NoteBook is a free-form database that can store all the

different parts of a project (e-mails, to dos, notes, PDFs,
Circus Ponies Circus Ponies $49.95, $39.95 documents, contacts). Full-featured outliner and notebook
NoteBook Software, Inc. Academic metaphor keep everything organized. Multidex search
feature makes it easy to locate any note or document.
Similar to OneNote for you Windows switchers.
Full featured CRM (Customer Relationship Management)

software for professionals and small to medium sized
businesses. Includes project management modules,
Daylite Daylite3 CRM $189 contact management, calendar, mail merge, lead &
opportunity management, reporting. A great replacement
for ACT for you switchers! Plugins available extend
functionality to OS X Mail integration and billing.
IcyBlaze IcyBlaze's latest document management software, pdf

iDocument $34.95
iDocument manager and ebook manager.
Apple's Office Suite, includes Keynote (Presentations),

iWork Apple $79 Pages (DTP and Word Processing), and Numbers
(Spreadsheets and Charts).
$149 EDU/$399
Microsoft Office Microsoft Microsoft's comprehenisve office suite
Standard
Free office suite based on OpenOffice, can open
NeoOffice NeoOffice Free
OpenXML (Office 2007) documents.
Premier Diagramming Software for Mac OS X, the

The Omni $79.95 Standard/
OmniGraffle Professional edition also has Visio support among other
Group $149.95 Pro
features.
The Omni $39.95 Standard/ Outline application that's also great for taking, organizing,
OmniOutliner
Group $69.95 Pro and searching notes.
Version 3 for Intel Macs is a native (no longer uses X11)

OpenOffice.org OpenOffice.org Free
office suite that is closely compatible with Microsoft Office
[edit]
Drawing Applications
These programs allow you do draw pictures on your Mac.
Pric
Program Name Developer Comments
e
Dekorra Optics
EazyDraw $95 A powerful vector drawing program inspired by MacDraw
LLC
Intaglio Purgatory Design $89 A Powerful and well integrated vector drawing program
$4.9
Lumin BlackwoodApps A drawing and animation app stylized like a Lite-Brite toy.
9
Paintbrush Michael Schreiber Free A Basic easy-to-use Paint application for the Mac.
A moderately advanced image editing application, similar to Adobe

Pixelmator Pixelmator $59
Photoshop Elements.
Seashore Mark Pazolli Free Open source image editor based on GIMP, but far less complex.
VectorDesigne A vector drawing application designed to be simple, intuitive and

TweakerSoft $70
r powerful to use.
[edit]
Feed Readers
These programs pull content feeds off of a server, such as blogs, news websites, and rumor sites. They can also pull
audio and video content and offer a way to sort and filter content as well.
Program Latest Pric

Developer Supports Comments
Name Version e
Can sync with the free online NewsGator and makes it

Atom/RS easy to add search engine and social bookmark feeds
NetNewsWire 3.1.6 NewsGator Free
S from directly in NetNewsWire. Also works with desktop
social bookmark clients and MarsEdit.
David Atom/RS
NewsFire 1.5 v72 Free Lightweight feed reader from David Watanabe.
Watanabe S
Atom/RS
Vienna 2.2.2 Vienna Free Open Source newsreader for Mac OS X.
S
[edit]
See Also
RSS
Atom
[edit]
FTP Clients
These programs allow you to send files to and receive files from remote computers.
Program
Name
Cyberduck Cyberduck Free Free FTP/SFTP Client
An easy to use FTP client with features such as automatic support

Fetch FetchSoftworks $25 for many common archive formats and image and text editing
directly on the server. A 15 day trial is available.
Interarchy nolobe $59 Powerful and versatile FTP tool.
$30
Transmit Panic Full-featured FTP client.
(shareware)
YummySoftwar Robust FTP applicaton with file sync, scheduling, remote editing,
YummyFTP $25
e filtering, and more.
Flow ExtendMac $25 Elegant, intuitive and powerful file transfer.
[edit]
Games
These allow you to have fun on your Mac.
Mine Swept Malarkey Software Free Mine Sweeper clone
Quinn Quinn Free A falling blocks game, like Tetris.
[edit]
See Also
Free Mac Games
[edit]
Instant Messaging and Communication
These applications allow you to communicate with other people.

Program
Name
aMSN
aMSN Free An open source MSN client
Project
Adium Adium Free Instant messaging client that connects to practically every IM network.
With Instant messaging client included with Mac OS X, supports 3 way video chat,
iChat Apple
OS X works with AIM and Jabber on other platforms.
Colloquy Colloquy Free A good IRC client.
Skype Skype Free Skype client for Mac OS X, supports video chat.
[edit]
See Also
Audio and Video Chatting Mac to PC
Instant Messaging
[edit]
Media Conversion/Importing Applications
iTunes can import audio CDs but to import DVDs and to convert videos from one format to another you need another
application.
$15 Front end application for command line based FFMPEG, can
FFMpegX Major
(shareware) convert practically anything.
Handbrake Handbrake Free Program that rips DVD's for use with the Apple TV and iPod.
iSquint iSquint Free Video converter for the iPod, faster than Quicktime.
Mac The Mac The

Free Rips DVD's to your hard drive
Ripper Ripper
MPEG
Squared 5 Free Converts videos between a large number of formats.
Streamclip
[edit]
Mac Maintenance and Backup Applications
These applications allow you to backup data and maintain your Mac.
Program
Name
Application for cleaning your Mac, proper uninstalling

CleanGenius EaseUS $29.95 (Shareware)
applications, ejecting removable devices.
AppDelete AppDelete $5 (Shareware) Application for uninstalling other applications properly.

AppZapper AppZapper $13 Application for uninstalling other applications properly.
Disk Drill CleverFiles Free Application for data recovery on your Mac
Titanium
Onyx Free Application for maintaining your Mac.
Software
Superduper! Shirt Pocket $27.95 (Shareware) Application for backing up your Mac.
$45.00 (with 14 other Can track anything happening on your Mac - to uninstall
Tracker Tracker
applications) other applications, to do anything.
[edit]
Media Players
These applications allow you to listen to music and watch video on your Mac.
Program
Name
Cog Sourceforge Free Simple fast music player that plays lots formats, playlist based.
Elmedia
Eltima Software Free Media player that can play almost all video formats.
Player
Flip4Mac Flip4Mac Free Allows you to play wmv videos with Quicktime
With OS World famous Jukebox software for organising music, podcasts and
iTunes Apple
X video.
The MPlayer
mPlayer Free Media player that can play a huge number of formats.
Project
Adds a lot more format support to quicktime so it can play a lot more
Perian Perian Free
kinds of video.
QTAmateur Michael Ash Free Simple QuickTime based player.
VLC VLC Free Media player that can play a huge number of formats.
[edit]
See also
Watch AVI Movies in Mac OS X
[edit]
P2P
These programs allow you to download files from other users over the Internet.
Program
Name
Acquisition Xlife $20 Native Mac interface on top of Limewire's P2P Core
Folx Eltima Software Free Torrent client for Mac
$10.9 Allows you to connect to your friends' iTunes library over the Internet
Mojo Deusty
5 or local network and download songs.
Transmission m0k Free Lightweight BitTorrent client for OS X
xtorrentp2p.com/
Xtorrent Pro $20 Powerful BitTorrent client for Mac
Xlife
[edit]
Personal Organization
These programs help manage your life including calendar and address book applications.
Program
Name
Address Book Apple With OS X. Address book application included with Mac OS X
Share contacts from Address Book and events and tasks

From 15.00 from iCal with other users on same mac or network.
Address Book
AddressBookServer.com for 2 Users Contacts are stored on your own Address Book Server,
Server
onwards letting you maintain control. Integration potential with
relational database also provided.
Transfer contacts from Address Book to central LDAP

Address Book
AddressBookServer.com 15.00 directory. The LDAP directory is updated as changes are
X LDAP
made to the local Address book.
Alarm Clock Robbie Hanson Free Easy to use alarm clock with timer and stopwatch
NoteBook is a free-form database that stores all the bits

of information that don't have a good home, like web
clippings, notes, and other things that wind up on your
$49.95,
Circus Ponies Circus Ponies Software, desktop or in stickies. Full-featured outliner and notebook
$39.95
NoteBook Inc. metaphor keep everything organized. Multidex search
Academic
feature makes it easy to locate any note or document.
Similar to OneNote for you Windows switchers. NoteBook
was chosen as an "Apple Staff Pick".
Flashcard and multiple-choice testing app that uses

images and sound to help prepare users for any kind of
Cram SimpleLeap Software $29.99
test material. Cram for Mac was chosen as a "Apple
Staff Pick".
With MS
Entourage Microsoft Office ($149 Microsofts e-mail/calendar/address book application
EDU/$399)
iCal Apple With OS X Calendar application included with Mac OS X
Assignment organisation application mainly aimed at

iProcrastinate Craig Otis Free
students.
1-Click Mobile Phone syncing with Address Book/iCal,

iSync Apple With OS X
check if your phone is compatible with the devices list.
To-do Lists AntLogic $2.99 Nice and handy to-do list management software,
designed to be one-click quick for managing your tasks.
Can be synced with iCal and other computers via
DropBox
Project and Action management software from the

OmniGroup that was developed with input from Merlin
OmniFocus The Omni Group $79.95
Mann following the principles outlined in "Getting Things
Done" by David Allen.
[edit]
Photography Software
Aperture Apple $199 Professional Photo organisation software
iPhoto Apple With Mac/$79 with iLife Basic photo editing and organisation software
Photoshop Lightroom Adobe $299 Professional Photo organisation software
[edit]
Programming
These applications help you with developing new applications.
Program
Name
Comprehensive arsenal of tools for the systems developer

ACP ACP $79 (subscription)
and administrator.
Free well featured Java development package has plugin

Eclipse Eclipse Project Free
support for programming in other languages too.
TextMate MacroMates 39 Popular localized text editor.
Bare Bones
BBEdit $125 Professional HTML and text editor.
Software
Apple's development suite, best for Cocoa/Carbon but also

Free with Mac and
Xcode Apple supports Java, installing it also installs the Unix developer
Free ADC membership
tools (make, gcc et al).
[edit]
Scientific Applications
Software used in the sciences for scientific research and learning.
Program
Name
The Atomic Bitwixt $14.99 The Atomic Dashboard is an interactive chemistry resource and
Dashboard Software learning tool developed for the Mac by Bitwixt Software Systems.
Systems LLC Used by educators, students, scientists, and the simply curious, The
Atomic Dashboard features an interactive periodic table that lets you
explore the chemical elements their properties, periodic trends,
history, and relevance to society. And more exciting, with its new 3D
Molecule Library, and its physics-based, 3D models of atomic
orbitals, molecules, compounds, gases, and crystals, The Atomic
Dashboard helps you explore the relationships between the behavior
of atoms and molecules and their 3D structure.
2D and 3D graphing program that draws graphs from simple curves

Grapher Apple With OS X
to differential equations and vector fields.
$1880
Wolfram (Standard)
Mathematica Mathematical application for conducting scientific research.
Research $140
(Student)
$1900
(Standard) Mathematical application for conducting scientific research, best for
MATLAB MathWorks
$100 calculations involving vectors and matrices.
(Student)
[edit]
Sports Applications
Sports-related software.
VirtuaScore Basketball BlackwoodApps $9.99 A basketball scoreboard and controller.
VirtuaScore Tennis BlackwoodApps $9.99 A tennis scoreboard and controller.
VirtuaScore Volleyball BlackwoodApps $9.99 A volleyball scoreboard and controller.
[edit]
Web Development
Software used for making websites
Program
Name
"The leading professional HTML and text editor for the Macintosh.
Specifically crafted in response to the needs of Web authors and
$125 Individual,
BBEdit Bare Bones software developers, this award-winning product provides an
$49 Educational
abundance of high-performance features for editing, searching, and
manipulation of text." (The free version of BBEdit is TextWrangler.)
$79 (normally New All-in-one Web development and uploading application from
$99) Panic, with Live Preview of your website.
There is also
Coda Panic
$10 off for
Transmit 3
owners.
Dreamweave Adobe $399 (upgrade The professional web development application with a huge number
r $199) of features.
Also part of
some of the
Adobe CS3
suites.
Free with a new Simple WYSIWYG website creation application that is part of iLife, it
iWeb Apple Mac/Part of iLife is easier to create sites that work with .Mac, though you can use
($79) another web host fairly easily.
KompoZer is a complete web authoring system that combines web

KompoZer KompoZer Free
file management and easy-to-use WYSIWYG web page editing.
Realmac More advanced WYSIWYG application that has lots of templates

Rapidweaver $40
Software and is more flexible than iWeb.
Text Editor with code completion, code folding, project manager,

skEdit skti $34.95 S/FTP, subversion integration, snippets and user scripts. Produced
by Apple software engineer Sean Kelly.
Taco Html Taco

Free HTML editor with syntax colouring and live preview.
Edit Software
Powerful, general purpose text editor, and Unix and server

TextWrangler Bare Bones Free
administrators tool. The free version of BBEdit.
[edit]
See Also
Finding Mac Software
Free Mac Games
[edit]
External Links
Apple Downloads
MacUpdate
Softpedia
VersionTracker
New Mac Software

Thursday, August 22nd, 2013
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Liquid Notes
Highly intelligent composition assistant for your music productions.
MacVersion 1.4.1.1Added: August 22nd, 2013
Rate it first!
Total Downloads
58
Last Week
1
Download Now
Buy Now
System Lens
Simple way to quickly manage tasks and resource usage on your Mac.
MacVersion 2.2Added: August 22nd, 2013
Rate it first!
Total Downloads
0
Last Week
0
Visit Site
FP Plugin
Add six multi-precision data types to Xojo.
Rate it first!
Total Downloads
299
Last Week
12
Download Now
FP
Calculate the usual transcendental functions, including the gamma function and
special functions.
Rate it first!
Total Downloads
415
Last Week
9
Download Now
iFFmpeg
Convert multimedia files between formats.
Read full review

MacVersion 3.8.6Added: August 22nd, 2013
Editors' Rating
4h stars
User Rating
3h stars
Total Downloads
11,708
Last Week
Shareware
OS X Mavericks DP6 - Developer

Commerci
Preview 6 of OS X 10.9.
al
Apple Digital Camera RAW

Compatibility 4.08 - Adds camera
Updater
support to iPhoto and Aperture.
Drive Genius 3.2.3 - Powerful

system utility. Demo
Liquid Notes 1.4.1.1 -

Commerci
Sophisticated music composition.
al
FinderMinder 1.2 - Make new

windows appear at a specific
Free
location and size on the screen.
Ocean Waves 2.0.1 - Simulates

Commerci
ocean sounds.
al
DVC Executive 1.0.1 - Plan a

Commerci
Disney Vacation Club vacation.
al
EasyCrop 2.6 - Crops, rotates, and

resizes pictures. Shareware
darktable 1.2.2 - Edit digital Free

negatives.
Contexts 0.9.20 - Fast window

switcher (beta). Demo
PixBinder 1.0 - Image viewer

application. Free
fp Plugin 7.2 - Adds BigInteger,

BigFloat, and BigComplex to
Free
REALbasic.
File Viewer 1.3 - View and identify

any file on your Mac. Free
fp 7.2 - Unlimited length integers

and more for Xcode C++. Free
Erato 1.1.1 - Markdown text editor. Commerci

al
Ortelius 1.8 - Vector drawing app

especially for Cartography work. Demo
RegExRX 1.8 - Regular expression

editor with many features. Shareware
Output Factory Server 1.0b1 -

Automate InDesign's output
Free
workflow.
ReadKit 2.3.0 - Reader for

Commerci
Instapaper and more.
al
Cineon/DPX Toolkit 4.0.2839 -

QuickTime components to
Demo
read/write Cineon or DPX images.
StrictCode 1.4 - Source code

formatter for Objective-C
Demo
developers.
ImageOptim 1.4.4 - GUI for PNG Free

and JPEG optimization.
Injoice 1.7 - Create simple invoices.
Demo
CraigShopper 2.0.15 - Search

multiple Craigslist sites. Demo
MacGhostView 5.0.1 - Postscript

and PDF viewer. Shareware
TeXnicle 2.2.4 - LaTeX editor and

project organizer. Free
iAnalyzer 2.1 - FFT-based audio

Commerci
analyzer.
al
Identical 1.0 - Determine whether

or not two files are identical. Free
Swinsian 1.8.5 - Music manager

and player. Shareware
Valentina Studio 5.4.0 - Free

database manager for many
Free
databases.
Mikogo 4.7.130410 - Ideal for

online meetings, Web presentations,
Demo
webinars, crossplatform. (beta).
WhatsApp Pocket 2.1.0 - Backup

and manage WhatsApp chat
Shareware
messages.
MacPCLtoPDF 1.1.4 - Converts

PCL and PXL files into PDF format. Free
System Lens 2.2 - Quickly manage

resource usage. Free
PhotoLine 17.55 - Professional-

level image efects processor. Demo
Komodo Edit 8.5.0-beta3 - Multi- Free

language editor makes it easy to
write quality code.
Komodo IDE 8.5.0-beta3 -

Development environment for PHP,
Demo
Perl, more.
Symbolic Composer 7.0.0 - Music

composition tool. Demo
Thumbpics 1.05 - Image manager

Commerci
for DLNA servers and TVs.
al
TypeMetal 1.1.1 - HTML-enabled

text editor. Demo
JavaScript Blocker 4.0.0 - Safari

extension controls which scripts run
Free
on Web sites.
BrainsBreaker 5.3.0.2 - Design and

build realistic jigsaw puzzles. Demo
SyncMate Expert 4.1.1896 - Sync

your Mac with Android, Blackberry,
Demo
Nokia, Windows phones, and more.
Rottenwood 1.0.3 - Catalog your

movies. Demo
Pester 1.1b16 - Simple alarm clock

and timer. Free
Lyrikos 1.03 - Display lyrics of

current iTunes track. Free
Imposition Studio 4.8.4 - Create

an impositioned PDF file. Demo
Arabic Genie 5.3.0 - Arabic-

language text converter and editor. Demo
Go Writer 1.8.1 - Word processor Demo

with pasteboard (was Cheese
Writer).
PicSketch 1.1 - Powerful photo

sketcher with helpful presets. Demo
Updates on Wednesday, Aug 21,

rating license
2013
Google Chrome 29.0.1547.57 -

Modern and fast Web browser. Free
Adobe Flash Player 11.8.800.149 -

Multimedia Web browser plug-in
Free
(beta).
Logic Pro X 10.0.2 - Music creation

Commerci
and audio production tool.
al
Hazel 3.1.5 - Create rules for

organizing and cleaning folders. Demo
Pocket 1.5.1 - Store interesting

articles, videos, and webpages (was
Free
Read It Later).
B1FreeArchiver 1.2.54 - Fast and

simple archiving utility. Free
Stella 3.9.1 - Atari 2600 game

emulator. Free
Raw Photo Processor 4.7.1 - RAW

converter supports almost all digital
Free
RAW formats.
NoteAbilityPro 2.549 - Music

notation package. Demo
Accordance 10.2.4 - Bible analysis

and study resource. Updater
JamStation 1.0 - Online music Free

player app.
AltiChord 1.7 - Chord reference
Commerci
application.
al
SILKYPIX Developer Studio

4.0.85.0 - RAW photo correction;
Demo
free version available.
SILKYPIX Developer Studio Pro

5.0.43.0 - RAW photo correction. Demo
Font Sleuth 2.4.1 - Font browser

and organizer. Demo
cam2mac 1.0 - Transfer photos

from a camera to your Mac. Demo
MarkMyWords 1.5.2 - Provides

format and structuring functions for
Demo
online publishing.
Keyboard Maestro 6.2 - Hot key

tasking solution. Demo
Nuggit 1.2.1 - Quick, powerful and

efficient text editor. Demo
skEdit 4.1.9 - HTML/PHP/ASP/

CSS ColdFusion editor (formerly
Demo
skHTML).
Opera Next 16.0.1196.55 - Opera

browser with latest features and
Free
refinements (beta).
ImageXY 3.0 - Resize photos

Commerci
quickly and easily.
al
MDB Explorer 2.1.3 - View MDB

files without an Access license. Demo
ACCDB Explorer 2.1.3 - Quick and Demo

easy way to view ACCDB and MDB
database files.
Note-C 1.0.1 - Versatile word

processor with document-
Demo
organization features.
Myary 1.0.1 - Simple diary

application. Demo
ClickTime 7.34 - Web-based time

tracking service with desktop client. Demo
VirusBarrier 10.7.7 - Robust anti-

virus software. Demo
yCal 1.2.1179 - Yearly calendar

application. Demo
Finding Mac Software

It can be hard to know where to look for software after switching to a Mac. There is a guide containing a list of some
popular Mac software and there are several popular websites, described below, which contain frequently updated lists
of Mac software.
Contents
[hide]
1 VersionTracker
2 MacUpdate
3 Apple
4 Others
[edit]
VersionTracker
VersionTracker is one of the most popular sources of Mac software. It has sections for both Windows and Macintosh
software, and contains numerous features such as user reviews, download counts, and more.
[edit]
MacUpdate
MacUpdate is about as popular as VersionTracker, although unlike VersionTracker, it focuses exclusively on
Macintosh software. It features similar features to VersionTracker, but excels in its developer services, often posting
updates in as little as ten minutes and providing developer features such as download statistics and polls. The
downside is that data is not checked until after it is posted, meaning spurious submissions may be removed. Vendors
have also been known to exploit this situation by posting deliberately incorrect information about their competitors.
[edit]
Apple
Apple used to feature a section of its site dedicated to Mac OS X downloads. This now points users to the Mac App
Store, which requires Snow Leopard or newer.
[edit]
Others
The sites listed here are not as popular and/or have much smaller directories than the sites listed above, but may still
be useful.
Softpedia - Mac software directory also with Mac news.
SofoTex - another reasonably large directory of Mac software.
Tucows - a once popular directory but today has slow updates, charges large fees for many services, and
known for copying listings from competitors.
The Mac Orchard - a small directory of "vital" internet applications.
Pure Mac - categorized lists of apps with weekly 'Pure Picks' of notable software.
Cool OS X Apps - featured apps with a detailed summaries; discussion forums.
Download.com - includes a section dedicated to Mac software and reviews.
Media players
QuickTime (included with Mac OS X) - should play most mpegs and mov formats (see QuickTime Fullscreen
widget below)
QT WMV codec (c) - to play WMV in QuickTime

DivX codec(Direct download link) DivX labs (f) - to play DivX files in QuickTime
Xineplayer (f) - a lightweight QuickTime alternative that plays the files QT does, DivX and some WMVs
VLC (f) - plays pretty much all formats except WMV3 and Real media. See the VLC article.
mPlayer (f) - the same as VLC
WMP (f) - the Mac version of Windows Media Player (plays WMV3)
Real Player (f) - the Mac version of Real Player
Perian (f) - a component to Quicktime that adds native support for many popular video formats.
QuickTime
QuickTime is a family of multimedia software developed by Apple. It is included in Mac OS X and also available for
Windows, and is the foundation on which iTunes is built on.
Contents
[hide]
1 History
2 QuickTime Player and QuickTime Pro
3 Licensing
4 See Also
5 External Links
[edit]
History
QuickTime 1.0 was released on December 2nd, 1991 for Mac OS 7. In November 1992, Apple released QuickTime for
Windows. QuickTime 2.0 was released two years later, in February 1994 and November 1994 for Mac OS and
Windows respectively, and was the only version of the software that was not available for free.
Updates of the software have continued to the present day, with the current version being 7.2, released on July 11,
2007 [1]. QuickTime 5, released in April 2001, became the first version to support Mac OS X, while QuickTime 6.0.3
was the last to support classic Mac OS.
[edit]
QuickTime Player and QuickTime Pro
Included with QuickTime is QuickTime Player, which allows the playback of multimedia formats supported by
QuickTime. It includes free support for windowed and full screen playback of videos. QuickTime Pro is available for
both Mac OS and Windows at a cost of $29.99 USD, and offers enhanced functionality to QuickTime Player and other
components of QuickTime (such as its browser plugin). This functionality include support for recording, editing, saving
and converting files.
[edit]
Licensing
The AAC encoder in QuickTime is a licensed technology. On Mac OS X, Apple covers the licensing, so applications
that use Core Audio or QuickTime get AAC encoding for free, but on Windows, you must purchase a license to
encode AAC (QuickTime Pro). Apple's iTunes software and iPod portable music player both natively support AAC
encoding.
[edit]
See Also
Watching AVI Movies in Mac OS X
[edit]
External Links
Flip4Mac
Official QuickTime Site
Perian
About XinePlayer
XinePlayer is a multimedia player for Mac OS X. It is based upon the stable and mature xine multimedia playback
engine. It is designed to be a free replacement for QuickTime Player and DVD Player.
Latest News
Version 0.3 has been released with a fair few new features.
Features
Support for many popular formats including MPEG 1/2, QuickTime (MOV), DivX (AVI) and some Windows
Media formats (WMV).
DVD playback (using the VideoLan libdvdcss decoding library).
DVD menu support for advanced navigation features.
Playlists.
Fullscreen playback.
Software deinterlacing.
Reporting Bugs/Requesting Features
You can either e-mail me or use the bug reporting system and feature request system. Using the bug/feature tracker
makes it a lot easier for you to check the progress of your report.
Acknowledgements
XinePlayer is hosted by the BerliOS project.
MacUpdate for their speedy listing.
Web browsers
Safari (included with OS X) - the default Mac web browser, handles almost all sites and is the fastest in many
cases
Firefox (f) - a popular cross-platform browser
Camino (f) - browser based on the popular Firefox/Mozilla engine but with a native Mac interface and tighter
integration with OS X (Spotlight, Keychain, Bonjour, etc.)
OmniWeb (c) - another web browser with a lot of features

Shiira (f) based on the same underlying engine as Safari, but with extra features such as tab expos
Opera (f) - An innovative internet suite with a web browser, mail client and BitTorrent support. It was the first
to include features such as tabbed browsing and voice support.
Safari
Contents
[hide]
1 History
2 Latest versions
3 Tips
3.1 Debug Menu
3.3 Reseting Safari
3.4 Using Tabs
4 Market Share
5 Guides
6 Links
[edit]
History

[edit]
Latest versions
[edit]
Tips
[edit]
Debug Menu
[edit]
MainMenu.nib file.
[edit]
Reseting Safari
windows.
[edit]
Using Tabs
[edit]
Market Share
[edit]
Guides
Speed up Safari
[edit]
Links
Konqueror Homepage
Firefox homepage
Firefox
WebKit Homepage
Firefox
Firefox is a cross-platform, open source web browser
developed by the Mozilla Corporation and uses the Gecko Current version 22.0
Published by Mozilla, open source
layout engine.
MPL/GPL/LGPL/Mozilla EULA
Binary type Intel 32-bit
Contents
System requirements Mac OS X 10.6.x and later
[hide] 512 MB RAM
200 MB free space
Website Firefox
1 Features
2 Advantages over Safari
3 Criticisms
4 See Also
5 Links
[edit]
Features
Add-ons including extensions, themes, plug-ins, dictionaries, and language packs. Add-ons can be
installed/uninstalled, disabled, and have their preferences changed with the built in add-on manager. Firefox will
also check add-ons and disable older add-ons that are not compatible with the current version.
Automatically updates and installs of new browser versions and add-ons.
Customizable search bar, support for adding additional ones and a built in search engine manager (Sherlock
or OpenSearch plug-ins)
RSS and Atom feeds via Live Bookmarks
Inline spellchecker
Session restore
Click Favicon to view site info
Phishing and Malicious website filter
Full page zoom
Bookmarks manager uses an SQLite database and supports tags and groups. Firefox also has a bookmarks
sidebar for quick access to bookmarks and history. Firefox can also import your Safari bookmarks.
[edit]
Advantages over Safari
Firefox's main advantages over Safari are compatibility and extensibility. Apple currently has no official way of
extending Safari to the level that Firefox does, as it only supports WebKit plug-ins such as Flash Player, extensions
(since Safari 5), and InputManagers which may be deprecated in future versions of Mac OS X. This extensibility also
gives Firefox the advantage of being able to integrate with the websites that the user actually uses by installing add-
ons such as a Facebook toolbar, or by installing scripts in Greasemonkey to customize the webpage on the client
side, and of course this same extensibility can be used to add extensions that integrate directly with Mac OS X
services such as the Dictionary. The extensibility advantage is less of an issue post-Safari 5, when official extensions
were introduced. However, the available extensions for Safari are nowhere near as comprehensive as Firefox's add-
on collections are. Firefox is also a rapidly updated browser, getting a new major version every 6 weeks. The release
cycle for Safari is much slower and much less predictable. This means that new web standards will take longer to be
supported in Safari.
[edit]
Criticisms
Firefox is generally criticized for not having a Mac-like interface and not behaving like a native application due to it's
cross platform nature. In Firefox 3 Mozilla attempted to remedy this by adding a native theme to all versions of the
browser including the Mac OS X version. Firefox 3 still doesn't behave entirely like a native Mac OS X application, but
this can be partially remedied through the use of add-ons.
[edit]
See Also
List of Mac Software
Web Browsers for the Mac
Camino (defunct)
[edit]
Links
Firefox project page
Firefox extensions
Additional search bar engines
mozillaZine
OmniWeb for Mac

Download
Overview
Features
Support
Better browsing for everyone

OmniWeb is a powerful, feature-rich alternative to the standard web browser. Save time and be
more productive by using built-in web shortcuts and unique drag-and-drop tabbed windows. Stay
organized with workspaces that save web pages you have in your tabs, your history, and even the
location of your windows on your screen. Tell OmniWeb how you want the web to workon
each individual domain you can choose how to interact with its content, from changing the text
size to blocking ads, managing cookies, or telling OmniWeb where to save downloads. Instead of
being limited to a standard set of page viewing functions, OmniWeb gives you total control over
your entire browsing experience.
Visual tabs
Most browsers have tabs, but OmniWeb builds on the idea of viewing multiple web pages in a
single window by offering thumbnails. When you create a new tab in your tab drawer, a
thumbnail graphic allows you to easily identify the page. Keep your browsing organized and
productive by quickly switching back and forth between them, changing their position in the
drawer, creating new tabs on the fly, and even dragging and dropping tabs from one window to
another. For those times when you have a lot of pages in a single window, you can change to a
list mode so you don't have to scroll.
Workspaces
With OmniWeb's Workspaces feature, your individual web habits can be saved in one convenient
location. When you create a workspace, OmniWeb saves which web pages you have in your open
tabs, history, and even the location of windows on your screen. Take a snapshot of a workspace
and instantly restore the workspace from the snapshot, clearing away any changes made to the
workspace in the meantime. You can even share your workspace files with other OmniWeb users.
Ad blocking
You can do much more than simply block ads with OmniWeb. You can choose to view popups
only when you ask for them (like if you specifically click a link), you can tell OmniWeb to block
any ad content coming from a known ad server, you can block all Flash content, and much more.
Download
OmniWeb is a free application! Enjoy! Requires Mac OS X 10.4.8 or later to run.
Download
Version 5.11.2
System Utilities
CleanGenius - an all-in-one Mac system clean utility combined with app uninstaller, duplicate finder, big files
finder, memory free, login items management, disk space monitor and disk ejector.
Growl (f) - a system-wide notification system that has all notifications in one place (it is also bundled with
Adium, so if you get Adium you'll have Growl)

Quicksilver (f) - an application launcher that sports both a search window and customizable keyboard
shortcuts
Butler (f) - another application launcher
Synergy (s) - an iTunes controller with menu controls, keyboard shortcuts and a very slick interface
OnyX (f) - maintenance, system optimization and personalization utility
CLIX - full system security and maintenance scripts in a GUI interface 1500 functions
Little Snitch (s) - an advanced firewall with manual application control for both inbound and outbound traffic
Why use Growl?

It works out of the box.
When you start up a Growl-enabled application, it will just work. There's no complicated setup; just install
Growl once and your apps can start displaying notifications right away.
Everything in one place.

Growl centralizes all your notification preferences into its preferences - you can control them all from one
place, and you know exactly how they are going to behave.
Know what happened while you were away.

Keeps working even when you are not. Come back to your mac and review what happened while you were
gone with Rollup. Plus get notifications on the go on your iPhone or iPad via Prowl
Support for themes.

Growl comes with almost 20 themes pre-installed so you can pick what works best for you. You can also create
and install your own custom themes.
Complete control.
Growl offers you complete control over which notifications are shown and how they are displayed. You can
easily turn notifications (specific ones or all of them) off.
Easy to support for developers.

If you're interested in supporting Growl in your application or working on Growl itself, check out the developer
docs and download the Growl SDK.
Quicksilver
You may be looking for the PowerMac G4 model that was code-named Quicksilver
Quicksilver is a fast and free productivity application for Mac OS X that allows a user to invoke actions or recall
information with few keystrokes. Quicksilver is similar in function to Launchbar.
Contents
[hide]
1 Overview
2 Operation
3 Expansion
3.1 Calculator
3.2 Safari/Firefox
3.3 iTunes
3.4 Web Searching
4 Text Entry Mode
5 Triggers
6 Some Common Examples
7 Download
[edit]
Overview
Quicksilver is a difficult application to convey in few words. However, consider the behavior of Safari's address bar.
You type a few characters, and it automatically completes a URL for a previously visited website, sorted by how often
that website was visited.
Quicksilver works in a very similar way, except with activities beyond web browsing. It can be used to open
applications, recall contacts from the Address Book, open recent websites or even perform commands in the
Terminal. These actions are invoked by Ctrl-Space (by default) and specified by a few keystrokes, which "learn" with
each use.
For example, typing Ctrl-Space then "PS" will match "PhotoShop", with the default action of "Open". This means that
at any time, in any application, Photoshop may be opened by typing "Ctrl-Space PS". However, if you have "Paul
Simon" in your Address Book, "PS" may match that. A disambiguation list always appears after a delay, so if you wish
to have "PS" be PhotoShop, simply arrow down to PhotoShop and press return. Quicksilver will remember this, and
"PS" will equate to "PhotoShop", leaving "Paul Simon" available only by "PAULS" or "PSIMON" or whatever
abbreviation you choose.
[edit]
Operation
Every action in Quicksilver follows a "Object->Action" trail, and in many cases, an "Object->Action->Object" trail.
Each Object or Action is specified by a key sequence as mentioned above. To follow the Photoshop example,
"PS"+"RF" may translate to "Photoshop"->"Reveal in Finder", which would show the application. "PS"+"GI" may
translate to "Photoshop"->"Get Info". In every case where the key sequence you type doesn't yield the behavior or
item you're after, a disambiguation list appears, allowing you to select the item you're after. Quicksilver will remember
this, and provide better matches in the future.
Some actions require further information. For example, if you ask Quicksilver to e-mail an item to someone, it has to
ask who you wish to e-mail it to. Illustrating by example, you wish to email a document called "Quarterly Report" to a
person called "Mr. Wick", you would type "QR" (or "QUREPORT" or any combination), <tab>, "EM" (for "Email to..."),
<tab>, "MWICK" and press return. A new email is created in Mail with the "Quarterly Report" as an attachment.
[edit]
Expansion
Quicksilver is expandable, in that third parties can (and have!) developed additional functionality for Quicksilver.
Expansion is facilitated by Plug-Ins, all of which are automatically downloaded, installed and updated by Quicksilver
(from the Quicksilver->Preferences->Plug-ins section). Below are a few common examples:
[edit]
Calculator
Often times, simple math needs to be done that may not even warrant invoking Dashboard or using Calculator.
Quicksilver offers a very handy Calculator Module.
To use, simply invoke quicksilver and type the "=" sign. This tells Quicksilver that some math is being entered. Enter
in your formula using standard ascii math notation, such as "=sqrt(3^2 + 4^2)". Quicksilver will reply with "5.000" in
the notification you specify.
[edit]
Safari/Firefox
Quicksilver has modules that allow content from the browsers to be imported, most notably the bookmarks. With
these modules enabled, typing letters also matches against any bookmarked title or url. This means that typing
"GUID" may match "guides.macrumors.com", if you have it bookmarked. (Of course, "GMRC" or "GMAC" or any
subset of letters may also match).
Additionally, these modules index the history of each browser, which allows for searching of pages you recently
visited.
[edit]
iTunes
Of course, Quicksilver can control iTunes. Enabling the iTunes Module adds all your playlists to Quicksilver. With
this module enabled, you can type a few letters to match one of the playlists in iTunes. The default action is "Play", but
"Add to Party Shuffle" and a few other actions are also available.
[edit]
Web Searching
Another very useful module is the "Web Search Module". This allows for rapid searching of Google, eBay, Wikipedia,
even MacGuides. To enable web searches:
1. In Quicksilver->Preferences->Plugins, enable Web Search Module
2. In Safari or your default browser, search a website for "***". Three asterisks are special to Quicksilver.
3. Bookmark the resulting page, and give it a short name, such as "goog" for "Google" or "wiki" for the
wikipedia. Here are a few common ones.
google: [1]
wikpedia: [2]
imdb: [3]
1. Rescan the catalog via Quicksilver->Rescan Catalog
2. Invoke Quicksilver, type (for example) "imdb"<tab><tab>"Raising Arizona"
If things worked, "Raising Arizona" will be searched for in the Internet Movie Database. Technically, Quicksilver
replaces "***" with what you search for, so many websites which support searching can be accessed directly through
Quicksilver.
[edit]
Text Entry Mode
Pressing a non-alphanumeric key plunges Quicksilver into plain text mode where it will cease matching. This can be
useful when specific text needs to be sent to the action. The most common example is opening websites. Typing a
period(.) invokes the plain text mode. Typing "macrumors.com", <tab> will "open" the text "macrumors.com", which is
recognized as a website, and is opened in the default browser.
Since the non-alphanumeric character does not necessarily have to precede the text, it is common practice to invoke
Quicksilver, type a domain, and press return. The period preceding the "com" lets Quicksilver know it's plain text.
Therefore, any url may be quickly opened by invoking Quicksilver and typing the domain name (ex:
"macrumors.com" contains a period, and will be treated as plain text, who's default action is to "open").
In other cases, the desired plain-text command does not contain a non-alphanumeric character, so a leading non-
alphanumeric character must be entered. For example, if the top command is to be issued to the Terminal (and the
Terminal Module is enabled), invoke Quicksilver, type a period, then top then RT for "Run a Text Command in
Terminal" (and eventually, as Quicksilver learns, just enter).
[edit]
Triggers
In Quicksilver, Triggers are keyboard equivalents tied directly to actions, which may or may not even be directly
related to Quicksilver. To illustrate, triggers can be set up to control iTunes.
1. Open Quicksilver->Preferences->Triggers
2. Choose "iTunes" from the popup menu.
3. Check the "Next Song" action.
4. Set it's trigger to something like Control+Option-RightArrow.
5. Close the window

Type that key combination, in any application. iTunes should dutifully fast forward to the next track.
[edit]
Some Common Examples
This section shows a few examples of what can be done. In these examples, the "->" represents the <tab> key, and
the results may not be exactly what you will see, due to the learning ability. ("PS" may mean "Paul Simon" to you, and
"PhotoShop" to someone else). Additionally, Quicksilver is case-insensitive.
PS
Open Photoshop (because "Open" is likely the default action)
MY->SC
Mark Young, Show Contact
MY->EM->PG
Mark Young, Email Item, Pirate Girl
=sqrt(3^2 + 4^2)
(responds with "5.00", depending on preferences, and requires you have the Calculator Module enabled)
WIKI->->Stirling Engine
Wikipedia, search for, "Stirling Engine" (utilizes the above bookmark and "Web Search Module")
macrumors.com
macrumors.com, open. (the period in the URL tells Quicksilver it's plain text, and stops trying to match to a
local object. The default action of plain text is to open. So, in the case of a domain name, it's opened in your
default browser).
.top->RT
"top", Run as Text Command in Terminal, which will open the Terminal with top. (as with all actions, if "Run as
Text Command in Terminal" is the most common, then it will become the default, meaning ".top"+<return> will
automatically run it in the Terminal.
[edit]
Download
Quicksilver for Mac OS X
Quicksilver is now open source, and the source is available on Quicksilver's
GitHub Repositoory
Home ACP CLIX

CLIX
Learn how to
fish.

[For news on the new 'manpage' feature in CLIX, click here.]
[For news on the new 'sleep mode' security feature in CLIX, click here.]
[CLIX is a free product. To download it now without further ado, click here.]
[Be sure to check out the AWS Resource Page with more free utilities from Rixstep. Click here.]
Sell a man a fish when he really needs to know how to fish himself, and you're ripping him off. Then
too, there are times when he needs you to throw him a line.
CLIX ('command line interface for OS X') makes it easy to harness the power of Unix. It becomes both a
fish to buy and a series of lessons in how to fish and ultimately a handy way to work.
It doesn't try to rip you off - it tries to teach you, so you become more independent and don't need that
line thrown at you all the time.
The CLIX package includes a starter command database with over 1000 (yes, you read that right)
system commands for investigating your system status, for cleaning out the junk files, for getting at
secret settings for the Dock, the Finder, Spotlight, Dashboard, Expos, and all of your most used
applications, and all sorted for easy access, any way you wish.
You also gain access for the first time to the tens of thousands of unused files in your BSD subsystem,
files no one's really told you about.
If it can be done in OS X, it can be done in CLIX - if it can't be done in CLIX, it can't be done.
And most importantly, CLIX is infinitely extensible: you can add to it at any time and in any way you
please.
WYSIWYG, Black Box, Rolodex

With all the commands out there, it's good to have a general work of reference so you can easily find
what you're looking for without having to struggle with manpages all night.
You don't have to struggle to remember syntax; you don't have to type a command more than once;
you're always just a mouse click away.
Unlike other systems, CLIX is 100% 'WYSIWYG'. What you see is what you get: exactly the command
lines you would use at a terminal if you were so inclined.
So sometime you might remember a command or two and try it on your own...
CLIX is very secure. It will not need your 'sudo' password more than once for an entire session. And
nothing is stored on disk or in any keychain, so it's gone when you exit the program.
And you don't have to click on doodads to make it work: it's all automatic: put 'sudo' in a command line
and CLIX will automatically submit it to your system - without use of 'carbonised' core services.
Manpage
It's right there all along but you don't see it; it stays discreetly out of your way until you need it: the
new 'manpage' feature in CLIX.
Just click on the area to the left of the command buttons on the command sheet; the manpage box will
appear; type in your search key and hit Enter: CLIX will format the manpage you requested in its output
window.
You can't have your Unix documentation closer at hand.
ManOpen
CLIX now interfaces with the freeware learning utility ManOpen. Flipping between native CLIX
manpages and ManOpen manpages is as easy as running a CLIX command!
Context Sensitive Help

You can also (option)-double-click a word in the command line field to invoke the default help
system. Or use (cmd)-double-click to invoke the default 'apropos' system.
Safety First
CLIX clears your password if your computer goes into sleep mode and also clears your system wide
sudo time stamp. Whoever next accesses your computer through either CLIX or Terminal will have to
submit your password again.
Before and after: when your computer goes to sleep, CLIX clears your sudo
password everywhere - even where you forget to look.
So you needn't worry anymore about interlopers accessing and taking advantage of your unattended
machine: if you need to leave in a hurry, just put it to sleep.
[Safety update: CLIX 1.7 clears its TTY-specific sudo time stamp after every command.]
It's Everything, It's Free, No Strings

CLIX comes with commands for viewing all your system logs, for cleaning out browser caches, for
pruning 'plist' preference files, for spelunking in root's back yard, for ridding your system of all kinds of
junk, for seeing what your virtual memory is up to, what your Netinfo database manager is up to, and
more, and more, and more.
And it's all infinitely extensible. All you have to do is add to it.
[Rixstep regularly mail out updates to both CLIX and its commands database. If you want to be
informed when further downloads are available, click here.]
To download CLIX now click here.
Defaults
Screenshot
CLIX Features
Cool Clever Stuff with CLIX
Cool Clever Stuff with CLIX II
Cool Clever Stuff with CLIX III
CLIX: Safer than Terminal?
Mac|Life Review March 2007
Macworld Review April 2005
Macworld Review December 2004
Download CLIX!
Overview
What's New
10th Anniversary
Little Snitch
A firewall protects your computer against unwanted guests from the Internet. But who
protects your private data from being sent out? Little Snitch does!
Protect your privacy
As soon as youre connected to the

Internet, applications can potentially
send whatever information they want to
wherever they want.
Sometimes they do this for good

reason, on your explicit request. But
often they dont. Little Snitch allows you
to intercept these unwanted connection
attempts, and lets you decide how to
proceed.
Network Monitoring Redefined
Take a look under the hood to see at a glance who talks to whom. The Little Snitch Network
Monitor, which has been redesigned from ground up, raises the bar of network traffic
monitoring to a new level.
With beautiful animations and informative diagrams it provides fine grained real time traffic
information, powerful yet simple options for analyzing bandwidth, traffic totals, connectivity
status and more.
Highly detailed traffic history of the last hour,

separate for each process, server, port and protocol.
Filtering by process name, server, port, etc.
Versatile grouping and sorting options.
Zooming from one hour down to one minute

time range.
Display of total traffic amounts, peak traffic,

average bandwidth, etc.
Save Snapshots for later analysis.
Capture network traffic in PCAP format.
Indication of connections denied by Little

Snitch.
Show Corresponding Rule to quickly figure

out why a particular connection was allowed or denied.
Display of system events (app launch or

termination, sleep) to see network activity in its
related context.
Silent Mode Decide Later
There are times where you dont want to get interrupted by any network related
notifications. With Silent Mode you can quickly choose to silence all connection warnings for
a while. You can then later review the Silent Mode Log to define permanent rules for
connection attempts that occurred during that time.
Profiles
With Little Snitch 3, rules can optionally be

arranged in separate profiles like Home,
Office or Internet Cafe. Rules that are
assigned to a particular profile are only
effective if that profile is active. The active
profile can be chosen conveniently from the
status menu.
This allows you to quickly switch between different sets of rules depending if you are at
home, at the office or connected to a public network.
Automatic Profile Switching New
Automatic Profile Switching allows you

to associate different networks with
certain profiles in Little Snitch.
Whenever you join one of these
networks, Little Snitch detects the
network change and switches to the
associated profile automatically.
This allows you to automatically apply

different sets of filter rules depending
on the network you are currently
connected to. You can for example use
a rather restrictive ruleset in an
Internet Cafe, and a more permissive
set of rules at home or when connected
to a VPN.
Firewall for incoming connections
Little Snitch was always great at showing when data was sent out from your
computer. It reveals any outgoing network connection attempt to make sure
that sensitive data doesnt leave your computer without your consent.
With the new inbound firewall in Little Snitch 3 you now get the same level of
control for incoming connections as well.
Simplified Connection Alert
Afraid of technical terms like TCP

connection or http port? No problem.
The new Detail Level preference option
allows non-expert users to get just the
right amount of information to make
their decisions. And it only takes a single
click at the Show Details button to reveal
the full information and all available
options.
Research Assistant
Have you ever wondered why a process

youve never heard of before suddenly wants
to connect to some server on the Internet?
The Research Assistant helps you to find the
answer. It only takes one click on the research
button to anonymously request additional
information for the current connection from
the Research Assistant Database.
And so much more
Versatile temporary rule options Ruleset Analyzer
Little Snitch 3 automatically analyzes your

ruleset and points out redundant, overlapping
A number of additional rule lifetime or invalid rules which you may wish to delete.
options allow you to create rules that are
effective only for a limited time. Redesigned configuration interface
The new sidebar

Domain based rules via Connection
Alert design gives you quick
access to frequently
visited areas such as
recently added rules,
temporary rules,
suggestions, profiles
Its now possible to create rules that are
and more.
effective for an entire domain right from
Improved status menu
within the Connection Alert.
Rules matching multiple destinations

Quickly switch between profiles, turn on Silent
Mode, access your rules and other settings,
and see a summary of current network
activity.
System Process Rules

Rules can now be set up to match a list of Rules are now based on process owner instead
hostnames, domains or arbitrary IP of rule owner, which makes it easier to define
address ranges in from-to notation. This rules for system level processes such as web
helps to keep the ruleset smaller and servers and other background services. These
easier to maintain. system process rules are effective in all user
accounts.
Rule Suggestions
Ask Rules
Not sure which rules best suit your needs?
Little Snitch 3 can offer rule suggestions This new type of rules makes it possible to get
based on your previous network usage asked for particular connection attempts while
(expired temporary rules, Silent Mode all other connections are still allowed or
connections, etc.). A number of grouping denied automatically.
options (by process, by domain, etc.)
Sort Rules by Precedence
allow you to specify how fine grained
these suggestions should be. You can then Rules can now be sorted by precedence, which
conveniently turn them into permanent makes it easier to learn how they relate to
rules. each other.
Instant Message Clients
iChat (included with OS X) - handles .mac, AIM and Jabber accounts, video and voice chat
Adium (f) - Commonly thought to be the best instant messaging client for OS X. Handles almost all clients
but no voice or video yet, and it has limited support for file transfers (works for some but not for others). See the
Adium article for more information.
Skype (f) - the Mac version of Skype, an instant message client for text, voice, video and VoIP chat. See the
Skype article.
MSN (f) - the Mac version of MSN, with limited functionality compared to the Windows version
Mercury Messenger (f) - a highly customizable Java MSN client with webcam support
aMSN (f) - an open-source MSN client with webcam support
Adium
Adium, also known as Adium X, is a popular open source instant messaging client for Mac OS X.
Contents
[hide]
1 Features
2 Protocols
3 Links
4 Alternatives
[edit]
Features
Adium includes a number of features, including:
Tabbed chats
File transfers
Graphical smileys
Themes/skins
Plug in architecture
Multiple protocol support
Lacking is support for audio or video chats, which is one reason some people prefer Apple Computer's iChat.
[edit]
Protocols
A distinguishing feature of Adium is its support for a wide range of chat protocols, due to its use of the libgaim library.
Some of these protocols are listed below:

AOL Instant Messenger
Bonjour
ICQ
Jabber and Google Talk
MSN Messenger
Yahoo! Messenger
[edit]
Links
Official Adium X website
Adium Xtras
[edit]
Alternatives
Other Mac OS X instant messaging programs that support multiple protocols include:
Fire
iChat by Apple Computer
Proteus by Defaultware
iChat
iChat AV is an Instant Messaging application bundled with Mac OS X. In addition to text chat, it has support for both
audio and video conferencing via an iSight for video or any audio source for audio conferencing. It is based on the
AOL model, and allows fulltime, four-way video conferencing (from Mac OS X 10.4 Tiger), up to 10-way voice chat,
and the ability to send pictures as part of the chat (rather than a separate file download).
iChat not only offers connection to AIM (AOL Instant Messaging), but also includes Bonjour messaging (Rendezvous
in Panther and Jaguar). This allows iChat to automatically find other users with iChat Bonjour messaging enabled on
your local network no server is needed. iChat 3, included with Tiger, also added support for the Jabber protocol for
connecting to Jabber services such as Google Talk.
Mac OS X Server 10.4 allows you to run your own Jabber server for your network or the internet. It uses Open
Directory for user management and authentication, so your Mac OS X account name is the same as your email
address (if it is configured as a mail server) which can be used as your Jabber account name in iChat.
[edit]
A number of features were added to iChat in Mac OS X 10.5 (Leopard). These include multiple logins, visibility,
animated icons, video recording, backdrops, Photo Booth effects, screen sharing, tabbed chats and "iChat Theater".
iChat Theater allows the user to show slides to contacts.
[edit]
Supported Networks and Protocols
AIM (AOL Instant Messenger)
Jabber (since Mac OS X 10.4)
Bonjour (previously Rendezvous)
IRC clients
Xchat (f) - IRC client ported from Linux
Conversation (f) - another IRC client with a nice Aqua interface
Colloquy (f) - an IRC client with a tab-based webkit interface, so it's very customizable
MRChat (f) - the MacRumors client, automatically connects to the correct server, channel, etc.
RSS Readers
Safari (included with OS X) - the standard OS X browser has built-in RSS support
NetNewsWire (lite) (s) (f) - the shareware and free version of the most used RSS reader
NewsFire (s) - another RSS reader
Vienna - free, open source RSS reader
Safari
Contents
[hide]
1 History
2 Latest versions
3 Tips
3.1 Debug Menu
3.3 Reseting Safari
3.4 Using Tabs
4 Market Share
5 Guides
6 Links
[edit]
History

[edit]
Latest versions
[edit]
Tips
[edit]
Debug Menu
[edit]
MainMenu.nib file.
[edit]
Reseting Safari
windows.
[edit]
Using Tabs
[edit]
Market Share
[edit]
Guides
Speed up Safari
[edit]
Links
Konqueror Homepage
Firefox homepage
WebKit Homepage
DVD/CD copying and burning
Finder, iTunes, Disk Utility (included with OS X) - burn CDs and DVDs from within OS X
DVD2OneX (c) - a tool to compress DVD rips to standard DVD size
MacTheRipper (f) - rips the movie from a DVD to store on your HD or burn on a DVD
Roxio Toast (c) - a very good app that burns CDs/VCDs/DVDs/etc. and compresses DVD rips to standard
DVD size
Roxio Popcorn (c) - compresses DVD rips to standard DVD size, converts DVDs and other video files for
iPod or PSP
Burn (f) - burning application for Mac OS X
iTunes
iTunes is Apple's media player used for music, audiobooks, podcasts, and recently added music videos, television
shows, and movies. Built on the QuickTime foundation, iTunes is compatible with all QuickTime encoded media.
As of October 2005, iTunes has captured more than 80% market share of digital audio players in markets supported
on both the Mac OS and Windows platforms.
The iTunes Store (originally the iTunes Music Store) was launched and integrated into version 4.0 of iTunes in April of
2003, enabling customers both on Mac and Windows platforms to purchase audio files, encrypted with Apple's
Fairplay technology, over the internet for individual use. The release of the iTunes Music Store delivered a more
reasonable solution to obtaining digital audio files legally over the internet.
Contents
[hide]
1 Features
2 iTunes 7
2.1 New Features
2.2 Updates
2.3 Supported Media Formats
2.4 Limitations
3 Previous Versions
4 Links
[edit]
Features
Support for multiple media formats
User-defined categorizing of content
Built in Audio Encoder
Built in visualizer based on Quartz Extreme
Streaming internet radio
Built in Podcasting Support
Burn to multiple disc types: MP3, WAV Audio, and DVD
Support for third party plugins
Synchronize with Apple iPod portable media player, and the ROKR mobile phone from Motorola/Cingular
Wireless
Integrated iTunes Store, some songs are DRM Free and called iTunes Plus, other songs have DRM and
don't have that label. DRM Free songs still have user information encoded on them.
Ripping of users CD's into AAC, Apple Lossless, MP3, AIFF or WAV formats. Songs don't have user
information encoded on them.
Playlists and Smart Playlists
Album Cover Artwork
[edit]
iTunes 7
iTunes 7.0 was released at a special event on September 12, 2006. This coincided with the renaming of the iTunes
Music Store to the iTunes Store, and the beginning of movie and iPod game sales through the store.
[edit]
New Features
New interface
Allows purchase of Movies
Gapless playback
iPod management in main window
Re-Organized "Source" list
Album Art download
Download manager
Multiple views: standard, Album Art, Cover Flow
[edit]
Updates
A number of minor updates were made to iTunes 7, adding support for the Apple TV, iPhone, Windows Vista and
iTunes Plus (DRM-free songs), adding several minor features and fixing a number of bugs. The current version,
released on January 15, 2008, is iTunes 7.6. [1]

[edit]
Supported Media Formats
Video: Quicktime compatible video
Audio: MP3, WAV, AIFF, MPEG4, Apple Lossless, M4P/AAC Protected Content, and a variety of quicktime
supported media formats as well.
The Windows version of iTunes supports converting unprotected WMA's to AAC or MP3.
[edit]
Limitations
It is not possible to browse the library by composer.
While it is possible to listen to one CD while importing another (if you have more than one drive), it is not
possible to import more than one CD at a time.
The Podcast Chapter jumping tool is now available only in the menubar
[edit]
Previous Versions
For information on previous versions see iTunes Version History.
[edit]
Links
iTunes website
Apple New User's Guide for iTunes
Disk Utility
Disk Utility is a disk tool bundled with Mac OS X. It is located in the Utilities Folder.
[edit]
Functionality
Disk Utility performs a variety of functions, including:

Repairing permissions
Repairing disks
Creating disk images
Disk formatting, partitioning and RAID
Burning disk images
Restoring a disk from a disk image
[edit]
Disk Formatting
Disk Utility can format disks on your computer. If the disks are formatted in FAT32 format they can be used easily with
a Mac and a PC, there is no 32GB partition limit for this as on Windows as that is an artificial restriction, however files
over 4GB cannot be used with it. HFS+ Extended (Journaled) is the default format for disks on the Mac.
[edit]
History
Prior to Mac OS X 10.3, Disk Utility's functionality was split over two applications, Disk Copy and Disk Utility. In older
versions of Mac OS, disk verification features were located in Disk First Aid.
Category: Mac OS X
FTP Applications
Cyberduck (f) - a full featured, yet free, FTP application
Transmit (s) - an advanced FTP client, with Spotlight integration and tabbed browsing
Cyberduck
Libre FTP, SFTP, WebDAV & cloud storage browser for Mac & Windows.
about
news
changelog
development
help
donations
Connecting to every server.

With an easy to use interface, connect to FTP (File Transfer Protocol), SFTP (SSH Secure File
Transfer), WebDAV (Web-based Distributed Authoring and Versioning), Amazon S3, Google
Cloud Storage and Rackspace Cloud Files.
Emerging open cloud software standards.

Works with thirdparty providers using either the S3 or Openstack APIs.
FTP Core
A widely tested FTP (File Transfer Protocol) implementation for the best interoperability with
support for FTP over secured SSL/TLS connections.
Up
Down
Edit any file with your preferred editor.

To edit files, a seamless integration with any external editor application makes it easy to
change content quickly. Edit any text or binary file on the server in your preferred
application.
Distribute your content in the cloud.

Both Amazon CloudFront and Akamai content delivery networks (CDN) can be easily
configured to distribute your files worldwide from edge locations. Connect to any server
using FTP, SFTP or WebDAV and configure it as the origin of a new Amazon CloudFront CDN
distribution.
Amazon CloudFront
Manage custom origin, basic and streaming CloudFront distributions. Toggle deployment,
define CNAMEs, distribution access logging and set the default index file.
Google Cloud Storage

With OAuth or interoperable authentication support. Share files securely with an
authenticated URL. Configure bucket access logging to get statistics with Qloudstat.
Rackspace Cloud Files
Manage your Rackspace Cloud Files storage including the configuration of Akamai content
delivery network (CDN) with support to toggle on access logs for Qloudstat.
Amazon S3 for the rest of us.

Browse Amazon Simple Storage Service like your harddisk. Supporting the latest and
greatest additions to the S3 storage options. Define website endpoints, enable access
logging, configure storage class, encryption and bucket location.
Versioning and MFA

Support for bucket versioning and Multi-Factor Authentication Delete. With versioning
enabled, revert to any previous version of a file.
ACL
Configure Access Control Lists (ACLs) for fine grained access permissions. Copy a signed URL
for temporary access.
Metadata
You can edit standard HTTP headers and add custom HTTP headers to files to store metadata
and control cache expire settings. Batch editing included.
First class bookmarking.

Organize your bookmarks with drag and drop and quickly search using the filter field.
Files
Drag and drop bookmarks to the Finder.app and drop files onto bookmarks to upload.
Spotlight
Spotlight Importer for bookmark files.
History
History of visited servers with timestamp of last access.
Bonjour
Auto discovery of FTP & WebDAV services on the local network.
Import
Import Bookmarks from third-party applications.
Browse with ease.

Browse and move your files quickly in the browser with caching enabled for the best
performance. Works with any character encoding for the correct display of Umlaute,
Japanese and Chinese.
Quick Look
Quickly preview files with Quick Look. Press the space key to preview files like in Finder.app
without explicitly downloading.
Accessible
The outline view of the browser allows to browse large folder structures efficiently. Cut &
paste or drag & drop files to organize.
Web URL
Quickly copy or open the corresponding HTTP URLs of a selected file in your web browser.
Includes CDN and signed URLs for S3.
Transfer anything.
Limit the number of concurrent transfers and filter files using a regular expression. Resume
both interrupted download and uploads. Recursively transfer directories.
Download and Upload

Drag and drop to and from the browser to download and upload or copy files between
servers. No hassle.
Synchronization
Synchronize local with remote directories (and vice versa) and get a preview of affected files
before any action is taken.
Growl
Support for Growl, the global notification system for file transfer events. See growl.info.
Advanced SSH features.

No compromise accessing your SFTP servers with all the bells and whistles.
Authentication and security

Supports Public key authentication, Keyboard Interactive (PAM) Authentication and one-time
passwords. Support for various encryption ciphers (3DES, Blowfish, Twofish, AES, CAST) and
Authentication algorithms (MD5, SHA1). Optionally transfer files using Secure Copy (SCP).
Interoperability
Read settings from your existing OpenSSH configuration options including Host aliases,
public key authentication preferences and default login user. Integration with Terminal.app to
open the current working directory in a shell. Works with PuTTY private keys.
Archives
Archive and expand TAR, ZIP files remotely over SSH.
Integration with system technologies.

A native citizen of Mac OS X and Windows.
Keychain
All passwords are stored in the system Keychain as Internet passwords available also to third
party applications. Certificates are validated using the trust settings in the Keychain.
Finder
Use Cyberduck as default system wide protocol handler for FTP and SFTP. Open .inetloc files
and .duck bookmark files from the Finder.
Windows
Reads your proxy configuration from network settings. Encrypts passwords limiting access to
your account.
We are open.
Come in. You can follow the daily development activity, have a look at the roadmap and grab
the source on trac.cyberduck.ch for your own hacking pleasure. Licensed under the GPL.
International.
Speaks your language. English, etina, Nederlands, Suomi, Franais, Deutsch, Italiano,
, , Norsk, Slovenina, Espaol, Portugus (do Brasil), Portugus (Europeu), (),
(), , Svenska, Dansk, Jzyk Polski, Magyar, Bahasa Indonesia, Catal,
Cymraeg, , Trke, Ivrit, Latvieu Valoda, , C, ,
Slovenina, , Romn &
Copyright (c) 2002-2013 David V. Kocher and Yves Langisch. All rights reserved. This program is free software; you can
redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software
Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.This program is distributed in the hope that
it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A
PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details.
This product includes software developed by Duncan McGregor et al. (Rococoa), Timothy Wall et al. (JNA), Jeroen
Frijters (IKVM.NET), Christian Plattner et al. (Ganymed), Apache Software Foundation (Apache Commons), Jon
Stevens (Sardine), James Murty (jetS3t), Lowell Vaughn et al. (Cloud Files API), Christopher Forsythe et al. (Growl),
M. Uli Kusterer (UKCrashReporter), Kurt Revis (SNDisclosableView), Shaun Wexler (CTGradient), Brian Amerige
(EMKeychain), Steve McLeod (barbarywatchservice) Lucas Newman (AquaticPrime), Andy Matuschak (Sparkle), wyDay
(wyUpdate), Jeremy D. Miller (StructureMap), Ayende Rahien (Rhino Mocks).
How do you make Transmit 4 the best ever?
45+ new features, up to 25x speed, and one

more thing
You need to transfer files. Maybe to an FTP or SFTP server, or the cloud via Amazon S3, or using
WebDAV. You maintain a website, do backups, or upload photos. You need Transmit, the #1 Mac
OS X FTP client. Now, in Transmit 4, we took everything good about Transmit, and added a dollop of
unbelievably great.
Weve gone all out.

Path Bar Pro
Jump to parent directories with one click. Or, if your trail is too long, click and hold for a path pop-
up. The best of both worlds!
Places
Drag your favorite local or remote folders here for one-click access.
Dual Pane Toggle
Hide the second pane anytime for a super-compact Transmit.

New Views
Classic List and Column views are joined by two new friends: Cover Flow and Thumbnail.
A Brand New Look
Completely redesigned, thoroughly modern, extra sleek, and always very friendly.
Protocols Galore
FTP, SFTP, Amazon S3 and WebDAV are at your command.
Local / Remote Toggle
Two local views to manage files? Or two remote views to copy from server to server? Piece of cake.
Custom Favorite Icons
Use one of ours or apply your own.
Disclosable Folders
OK, so the little flippy triangle has been around for a while but it's finally in Transmit.
Hooray!
Labels
A Finder classic, now available in Transmit. Colors!
Folders Before Files
Those who love it, really love it list your folders before your files.
Power Progress
See both the current file, and the overall progress, in a single bar.
Refreshed Sync Interface
Simple, clean, and clear.
Sync by File Size
Now you can use file size, as well as date, to determine what's new.
Rules
Power-up your sync with our advanced "Skip Items" rules.
Sanity Check
A friendly bubble tells you in plain English whats going to happen.
Deep Transfers
Now you can see whats coming up, not just whats happening now.
Per-Folder Progress
Know exactly where you stand.
Bandwidth Limiting
Dont want to saturate your network? Head to the prefs to limit your overall transfer speed.
Item Countdown
How many top-level items left to go?
Engine
Transmit Twin-Turbo Engine
Up to 25x faster for small files
Multi-Connection Transfers
For faster batch transfers
Integrated Transfers View
FXP Support
For direct server-to-server xfer
Bandwidth Limiting
Interface
Completely Reimagined
Cleaner, cooler, cake-ier.
Tear-Of Tabs
Twin Progress Bar
See current and overall progress
Local-Local / Remote-Remote
Cover Flow
Image Thumbnail View
Disclosable List View
Quick Look
Custom Favorites Icons
Labels
One / Two Pane Switcher
Just one view if you want
Extra-Compact Minimum Size
Sync
Friendly File Sync
A nice, plain-English bubble talks you through the sync.
Compare via File Size
Navigation
Path Bar Pro
Places Pop-Up
Jump to your most-used folders
Improved Folder Linking
Navigate both sides at once
Multi-Touch Navigation
3-finger swipe, back or forward
Show Folders Above Files
Transfers
Advanced File Skipping
Skipping files is not just for sync anymore: set rules for anytime.
More Flexible Default Permissions
Advanced Server Preferences
Hard-core options now exposed
Continue on Errors
Easily Repeat Transfers
Right-click a transfer to re-do it
Amazon S3
CloudFront Support
Deploy your files via CDN
Bucket Logging
SSH
Send SSH Command
Zip, UnZip, etc.
One-Click SFTP Key Import
Instead of a password, use key
View Secure Certificates
Misc
Overhauled AppleScript
Automatic Unicode Detection
Better Transcript Logging
Instant-Favorite Button
Line Numbering in Built-In Editor
Extensive Favorite Importers
Simplified External Editing
Auto-Updating via Sparkle
Fully 64-Bit
Improved Copy URL / Copy Path
See All New Features
Faster than ever.
Transmit 3 was fast. The Transmit Turbo engine in Coda was faster. Transmit 4 is scary, wicked
fast. We tuned and tweaked the new Transmit Twin-Turbo engine to get you hauling up to 25 times
faster.
T3
8 sec
T4
2 sec
List 30,000 remote files
4x Faster.
T3
80+ min
T4
4 min
Download 30,000 small files
18x Faster.
T3
45 sec
T4
20 sec
Delete 30,000 small files
2.25x Faster.
T3
45 min
T4
2 min
Upload 15,000 small files
25x Faster.
And that one-more-thing thing?

Put your favorites in the Finder.
With the new Transmit Disk feature, you can now mount any of your favorites in the Finder
itself, even if Transmit's not running. These volumes are real: drag files to your SFTP server, save a
small graphic to your Amazon S3 bucket directly from Photoshop, or roll your own iDisk-like backup
volume. Its all possible in T4.
We really think you will like this app.
Transmission
Transmission is an open-source BitTorrent application for Mac OS X.
[edit]
Links
Transmission Site
Text/Office apps
Textmate (f) (s) - Widely considered to be the best text editor out there for the Mac. Has support for many
different programming/scripting languages, as well as functionality for blogging, source control, etc. The list goes
on an on.
MacJournal (f) (s) - an awesome journal app with Wiki ability to write journals, texts, blog entries and more,
export it to various locations
SubEthaEdit (f) - a great word processor that'll even let you write with more persons on the same document
via Bonjour (formerly Rendezvous)
VoodooPad Lite and Pro (f) (s) - another great text app with Wiki ability
Smultron - one of the most full-featured free text editors available for Mac OS X
NeoOffice (f) - Open Office port for OS X (if you don't want to use MS Office)
iFlash (s) - Flash card app with a myriad of features
iWork (c) - iWork suite from Apple including a "text"-editor (not comparable to MS Word) and a presentation
app (comparable to MS PowerPoint)
MS Office (c) - The original office software from Microsoft
Collaborate
Edit
Customize
Share
Voices
Get SubEthaEdit
Download SubEthaEdit 3.5.4

Requires Mac OS X 10.4
This version lets you try the software for 30 days before requiring registration. For details, please click here.
Quick Links
News
RSS Get the latest news.
Features
Learn what it can do.
FAQ
Frequently asked questions.
Modes
RSS Get more Syntax Modes.
Localizations
RSS SubEthaEdit in different languages.
Feedback
Tell us what you think.
Release notes
See what's new.
SubEthaEdit's Awards
SubEthaEdit is a powerful and lean text editor. And it's the only collaborative one that is a
joy to use. By combining the ease of Bonjour with the world's best text collaboration
engine, it makes working together not only possible but even fun
Click to Play
Selected Features
SubEthaEdit includes various advanced features: A UNIX command line utility to enable
complex and interactive pipe workflows with your terminal. Overhauled printing, including all bells and
whistles, even with collaborative metadata. Exporting to HTML, again with metadata. Completely user
customizable syntax highlighting through styles. Support for editing files as administrator. Improved
AppleScript support to allow control of sharing features.
Why SubEthaEdit?
Looking for a text editor that is designed by people actually caring about Human Interface Guidelines?
A nice way to edit your HTML files? Or a way to work together on code, texts or notes? Be sure to check
out SubEthaEdit. While originally designed for coding together, its collaboration features have also
proven to be quite useful for teaching, note-taking (e.g. at conferences) and co-writing text. Imagine
meetings with collaborative minute taking or writing your TV/film script or book together with your co-
authors.
SubEthaEdit is not bloated
While being a full fledged editor, we promise that SubEthaEdit will never
become a bloated piece of software like other text editors. Our goal is a high performance, sleek editor,
with features that make your work even faster. This is possible due to Mac OS X's Aqua interface, which
allows tools to get out of the way, while enabling you to do what you want.
NeoOffice
Logiciel Mac pour tableurs, documents texte et les
prsentations
Accueil
Tlchargement
Fonctionnalits
Support
FAQ
NeoOffice 3.3 maintenant disponible

Mavericks testers: the latest patch allows NeoOffice 3.3
to launch
on Mac OS X 10.9 Mavericks Developer Preview
NeoOffice 2013 now available in the Mac App Store
NeoOffice est une suite complte d'applications de bureautique pour Mac OS X. With
NeoOffice, users can create and edit spreadsheets, text documents, and presentations.
NeoOffice is based on the OpenOffice office productivity software. Since 2003, the
NeoOffice engineers - Patrick Luby and Ed Peterlin - have been continually adding
improvements to
NeoOffice that our
Mac OS X users
will not find in
OpenOffice or LibreOffice such as:
Mac OS X Gatekeeper
Mac OS X Versions
Mac OS X Full-Screen mode
Significant speed improvements to the OpenOffice text layout, rendering, and

printing code
Surlignage natif Mac OS X
Prise en charge du verrouillage natif pour les volumes locaux ou en rseau
Prise en charge des Services Mac OS X
Fentres d'outils flottantes natives
Code particulirement stable qui est utilis de manire quotidienne par des
milliers d'utilisateurs
Planamesa Inc. NeoOffice est une marque dpose de Planamesa Inc.
iFlash | iFlash Touch | Support | Blog | About
Description | Release Notes | Download | Buy for $14.99 | Support

iFlash is a virtual flash-card program built for Mac OS X. If you Download & Purchase
want to learn almost anything, from a foreign language to the ten-

Download iFlash Trial
codes police officers use, iFlash is for you.
Version 2.8.2 (1.8 MB). 15
day full-feature trial (days
iFlash includes many great features to help you study. You can
are only counted when you
record audio and attach images directly into any flash card, create use iFlash).
an infinite number of card sides, use categories, print your cards,
Buy from the App
quickly search, and more.
Store
(New!) Study using iPhone or iPod touch You can buy iFlash through
the Mac App Store, or
Study using your iPhone or iPod touch! Just download iFlash through the iFlash trial
Touch from the iTunes App Store, and export the decks you've directly.
created using iFlash for Mac.
Screen Shots
Download Decks from the built-in Deck Library - Deck Library

The Deck Library, which is integrated into iFlash, is an easy (and - Editor Window
free!) way to download card decks. You can efortlessly download - Welcome Window
the many diferent types of card decks other iFlash users have - Inspector
- Import Window
created (over 3000!), as well as easily share your own. There are
- Studying
over 15 diferent categories of card decks available, ranging from
- Study Options
Chinese to Mathematics to Medical. And with a beautiful and easy - Interval Studying
to use interface, you'll be learning something new in no time.
Reviews (thanks!)
Use images and audio in your cards

You can record and play back audio in your virtual flash-cards.
Recording is easy simply press the red Record button in the
Inspector and make noise! Additionally, you can also attach Macworld: 4.5/5
images to any card side in your deck. The images will then be
shown while studying, along with any text or audio in your card.
Unlimited card sides

MacUpdate: 5/5
iFlash supports an unlimited amount of card sides per deck. For
example, you could have one card side for a word, another for a "iFlash is the best in its
definition, and another for an example sentence. You can, at any class."
time, add or remove card sides. The possibilities are endless. ~Dan Frakes, Macworld
Print your flash cards

"Loopware took a basic
The print feature allows printing in a real flash-card format (and idea, evolved it, and
supports both single and double-sided printing). When you can't perfected it. iFlash is
bring your Mac or iPod along, printing is the best way to study. the perfect study
companion."
Simple and Advanced Memorization ~Neema Saeedi, Inside
Apple
iFlash has three systems of memorization built-in Simple, Score,
and Interval. Simple Memorization gives each card two states, "iFlash is simply a god-
either memorized or not memorized. Score Memorization assigns
each card a numerical score. When the score reaches a send for students in all
customizable limit, the card won't be shown again. Interval grades and subjects."
Memorization uses spaced repetition to help you learn over a ~ Galen Wiley,
MacUpdate
longer period of time.
"I have tried ALL the
Study on the go with your iPod classic or nano! MAC shareware and
Don't own an iPhone or iPod touch? No worries! Using the built-in freeware flash card
iPod classic and nano export, you can study any time you have programs -- this is BY
FAR the best"
your iPod. Say good-bye to paper flash cards forever!
~ pfed, VersionTracker
Advanced text importing and exporting "It's very well thought

You can custom define how you want to import your text files, or out, universally
pick from the three other preset formats. Also, iFlash now lets you applicable, very easy to
easily customize the export template, so you can export your card use, stable, and
(almost) free. What do
deck any way you please.
you want more? "
~ Eckius, Version
Drag until you drop Tracker
You can drag and re-order your cards in any way you'd like, as well
as re-order your categories. You can drag other card decks directly "Just plain brilliant,
perfect for learning by
into the open deck. You can drag images directly onto cards. And,
flashcards."
you can drag cards directly between open card decks.
~Pirx, MacUpdate
Built for Mac OS X Recently Posted to the

iFlash Deck Library
iFlash is built using Apple's powerful Cocoa frameworks, and has a
beautiful interface that is similar to other applications you know and
Next test
love (like iTunes and iPhoto). You'll feel right at home studying with Employment Law
iFlash. French 1 Final
Race:Ethnicity Test 3
But there's a lot more to like... FDNS 3100 Test 5
iFlash includes many features to make working with your cards Answers
incredibly easy and fun! Quick-search filters through all your cards System Requirements
at an amazing speed. An automatic dictionary lookup system
makes looking up English definitions a snap. Timed playback lets
you watch your cards in a slide-show fashion. Flagging lets you
mark troublesome cards during study sessions. But that isn't all,
you'll find many more features to like as you use iFlash. Download
- iFlash runs natively on
iFlash today, and try it for yourself!
Intel Macs
- Mac OS X 10.5 or later
- PowerPC G4, G5 or Intel-
powered Mac
Mac and the Mac logo are trademarks of Apple Computer, Inc.
Copyright 2002-2012 David McGavern
All Rights Reserved
Everything you create in Pages, Numbers, and Keynote

is bound to impress. And with iCloud, its even easier to
work everywhere whether its on your Mac, iPhone,
iPad, or iPod touch.
Keynote
Pages
Numbers
With advanced tools for writing and easy page layout, your documents in Pages are
beautiful beyond words.
Learn more
Numbers helps you get more from your data with easy-to-create formulas, one-click
charts, and table categories.
Learn more
New cinematic animations, transitions, and effects in Keynote will keep your audience
captivated.
Learn more
iCloud keeps your iWork documents up to date on your Mac, iPad, iPhone, and iPod
touch. Whenever you make a change, it shows up everywhere across all your devices.
Learn more
iWork for iOS works with iPhone 3GS or later, iPad, iPad mini, and
iPod touch (3rd generation or later).
iWork for iOS
iWork for iOS is available for iPad, iPhone, and iPod touch and it works seamlessly across all three
devices. So you can buy it once and enjoy it anywhere.
Learn more about iWork for iOS.
Pages
Numbers
Keynote
iWork for iCloud works with Safari 6.0.3 or later, Chrome 27.0.1 or
later, and Internet Explorer 9.0.8 or later.
iWork for iCloud beta
Coming this fall.

Create Pages, Numbers, or Keynote documents on any Mac or PC, right in your browser. And thanks to
iCloud, your files are always up to date on all your devices.
Learn more about iWork for iCloud

1. Home
Graphics
Photoshop/Photoshop Elements (c) - the standard photo manipulation software for pros and for consumers
LiveQuartz (f) - lightweight QuartzExtreme image manipulation software
GIMP - GIMP is a freely distributed program for such tasks as photo retouching, image composition and
image authoring.
Other apps
Delicious Library (c) - a media catalog app for DVDs, CDs, books and games with a beautiful interface
DVDpedia/CDpedia/Bookpedia (c) - another media catalog app with a lot more features but not as beautiful
as Delicious Library
Ultralingua (c) - a dictionary app that lets you choose which modules to get (great for translations)
Salling Clicker (s) - control your Mac via your Bluetooth phone
SuperDuper (s) - back up your stuff, you will be sorry if you don't. You can also use Time Machine.
Audacity (f) - Audio editor and recorder
ffmpegX (s) - an audio/video conversion tool which produces extremely high-quality files and allows for a
large degree of customization over encoder settings
Handbrake (f) - a GPL'd multithreaded DVD to MPEG-4 ripper/converter
CandyBar (s) - easily change your app and system icons in one flush and save your changes to an
iContainer for future use and backups

GoogleEarth (f) - mapping software that uses satellite images, similar to GoogleMaps, but more detailed and
with more features
[edit]
Bruji
Store
Support
Articles
Forum
Extras
About
Bookpedia
What's on your shelves?
Whether books line every wall of your house or barely fill one shelf, Bookpedia is the
perfect application to help you keep track of them. Entering the information for each book
is fast and easy because the program retrieves all the information from the Internet for
you. So you can sit back and relax with a good book.
Oh, the places you'll go...

To retrieve information about your books, Bookpedia gives you access to numerous international search
sites as well as the Library of Congress and the Pedias' very own online database, Doghouse. In
addition, Bookpedia also lets you access libraries attached to the z39.50 server system. Search for your
books using keywords - for example by title, author, publisher, ISBN or a combination of them all - or if
you have a scanner or a webcam, scan the UPC and let Bookpedia do the rest.
Keep it clean
If your books are all in a jumble, Bookpedia will help you organize them, at least on your computer.
Create as many collections as you like to sort your books or if you want Bookpedia to do the grunt work
for you, set up smart collections. Enter the criteria for the smart collections and they will update
themselves automatically each time a new book is added to the program. There is even a dedicated
collection for books you don't own yet - the wishlist collection lets you add books without actually
adding them to the library so you can keep those entries apart but still remember them for the future.
Know thy shelf

Whether you have 15 books or 1500, chances are your friends will want to borrow them once in a while.
Thanks to Bookpedia you won't have to worry about seeing a book again or forgetting who took it in the
first place. The borrowed collection helps you keep track of who took which book at what date and
when they were supposed to return it. And if it's not back in your library by that date, Bookpedia can
automatically send an email to the borrower.
Learning by doing
These are just a few of the many wonderful features Bookpedia has to offer. To really see what
Bookpedia can do for you and your library, download the free demo version now and have a look for
yourself. The demo version limits you to adding 25 books but is otherwise fully functional. To remove
the restriction, buy Bookpedia here or from within the application.
Check out the bundle prices at the top of the page if you're also interested in our other Pedias.
Screenshots
Get a bundle. Save a bundle.
Interested in more than one Pedia? Check out our bundle prices.
Version: 5.1.6 (12.4 MB)

Requirements: OS X 10.5+
What's new?
iPhone / iPad app
Sync your Bookpedia collection to your iPad, iPhone and iPod touch with Pocketpedia 3.
Feature Highlights
Full screen mode (view and play)
Apple Remote compatible
International search sites and access to z39.50 library servers

iSight & UPC scanner integration
Bluetooth connection enabled
MLA style bibliography export
Add links to URLs, files or images
Borrowed feature with due date
Address book integration

Wishlist collection
Customizable HTML export with BibTex & EndNote templates included
iPod export
Spotlight integration
Quick Look integration
Customizable details view
Library-independent collections
Self-updating smart collections
Folders for better organization
Database statistics
Spanish, French, German, Italian & Dutch localizations
Raves and reviews

CNET MacUpdate Macwelt
What's Mac (Korean) MaUsE DoubleClick
Have you seen the other Pedias?
A Mac's best friend.

2013 Bruji, Chiguire LLC
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Mac / Windows
Multilingual Dictionaries
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From: To: Swap

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Have no fear. SuperDuper v2.7.1 is here, and it's Download

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The latest version of SuperDuper! is
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SuperDuper! remains a Universal

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We all know that using the Macintosh is usually a trouble-free

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working with the system update you just SuperDuper v2.7.1 requires Mac OS X
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of OS X.
uninstaller, and scattered files all over your drive
Please note that SuperDuper! is not
You need to restore a stable copy of your system, but designed to back up to CDs, DVDs or
don't want to lose what you've been working on Tape, and needs a location (other than
the boot volume) to store the backup -
typically a volume on an internal or
You need to test new versions of the operating system external (FireWire) drive. SuperDuper!
with production data you can't afford to lose only copies HFS+ (Mac-native/Mac OS
Extended) volumes.
It happens to all of us, eventually. And recovering can be a Note also that USB drives do not allow
painful, error-prone, time-wasting experience, if it's even booting Power PC based Macintoshes
possible at all. Until now. under any version of Mac OS X: this is not
Flexibility a SuperDuper! limitation, but one of the
OS. If you would like to boot from a
Speed backup stored on an external drive, and
Ease of use have a Power PC based Mac, please
Acclaim purchase a Mac compatible FireWire
drive. Intel Mac users can boot from
Experts either USB or FireWire drives.
Testers
Carbon copies. And a whole lot more.
Built by Macintosh users, for
SuperDuper is the most advanced, yet easy to use disk
Macintosh users.
copying program available for OS X. It can, of course, make a Like all Shirt Pocket products, SuperDuper
full backup, or "clone" in moments, you can completely has been carefully designed, tested and
duplicate your boot drive to another drive, partition, or image implemented to ensure an excellent user
file. In even less time, you can update an existing clone with experience. But should you have a
the latest data: use Smart Update and, minutes later, your problem, our technical support is free!
backup is completely up to date!
Contact
Get cloned. Email your questions and comments.
Give SuperDuper a workout on your own system. Clone to
your heart's content for free. See what else is possible. Testing White Paper Available!
When you're convinced that SuperDuper is a terrific solution Check out our white paper that describes
and a great value at $27.95 you can register right from how SuperDuper can be used to test
the application and start using its advanced features multiple versions of an operating system
immediately! (or anything else that requires system
isolation). This methodology is great for
Download the free trial now! ADC members and other "seed" sites!
Read it now!
Fragmentation White Paper

Available!
We've also got a brief white paper
describing how SuperDuper can be used
to quickly defragment your system.
Read it now!
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These applications should be used with caution as system altering apps may crash your system or cause other
problems.
Screen spanning for the iBook, iMac and eMac (f) - use an external monitor with your iBook, iMac or eMac
with mirroring the screen
iScroll 2 - Enable 2 finger scrolling on iBooks, and Powerbooks made before 2005
App enhancements
Mailappetizer (f) - awesome Mail preview enhancement
other mail.app enhancements
[edit]
Apple Mail Plugins and Tools
What is this place?

A repository of plug-ins and tools that extend the functionality of Apple Mail.
Share on facebookShare on twitterShare on email
Notifcation list
If you would like to be notified of changes to this resource, simply subscribe to the low-volume, high
signal:noise notification list ...
Developers
If you wish to add a link to your product/project, or you have recently completed an update, please email the
relevant details to plugins (at) this domain. Please consider linking to this resource from your
product/development page.
Mac OS X 10.8 - Mountain Lion-compatible plug-ins

NoFlaggedMailbox - Remove the Flagged mailbox from Apple Mail Mountain Lion [10.8.4-compatible].
DesktopOne - spam filter for Mail.app and Outlook 2011.
CargoLifter - CargoLifter automatically uploads your email's attachments to the cloud, and adds the
corresponding links to the end of your email.
Face2Face - In addition to Apple Mail's photo database, Face2Face adds new sources for sender images like
Facebook, Gravatar, as well as its own image database.
Emoticons - Easily add emoticons to outgoing emails.
ComposeIT - Toolbox to enhance composing and replying to messages in Apple Mail.
Attachment Tamer - provides increased control over attachment handling in Apple Mail.
ForgetMeNot - ForgetMeNot scans your email text for special keywords referring to attached files and
reminds you if it cannot find an attachment when you try to send your email.
DockStar - Add badges to the Mail dock icon and clickable indicators to the menu bar. DockStar lets you keep
track of email in various accounts and folders, RSS feeds, Notes, and To Do items.
MailHub - (BETA 1.2B36) Helps you organize your email more efficiently
AttachmentsMenu - Indexes all Apple Mail messages that contain attachments and offers access to them via
the menu-bar
Meta - Harness spotlight right inside Mail (custom keywords-driven smart folders) for better email
management
FlaggedMails - Helps you to keep track of your flagged emails via the menubar
Universal Mailer - Assists with solving sending email issues such as inline attachments/images, and
configuring the default font for outgoing messages.
GPGMail 2.0a30 - Alpha 30 of GPGMail for Lion 10.7
Growl Mail - (10.7 ONLY) Apple Mail plug-in for growl notification system
Mail Clips - Copy attributes of multiple mail messages, add sender addresses to Address Book and more
Letter Opener - Access Microsoft Outlook winmail.dat files (commercial)
MailRecent - Adds "Copy to Recent" and "Move to Recent" menu items to the Message menu
MailFollowup - Adds a "Follow Up" item to a Message and contextual menus, maintaining the original To, CC
and BCC fields
Herald - A new Apple Mail plug-in by Erik Hinterbichler which provides Growl-like notifications of new mail
Eaglefiler - File your mail and other things (commerical)
SpamSieve - Spam filter (commerical)
Signature Profiler - Enables control of Apple Mail's signature-selection behaviour
Mail Act-On - Keyboard organization for Apple Mail.
MailTags - (PR1 10.7-ONLY) Better organization of email in Apple Mail
QuoteFix - Position the cursor below the original message instead of above it
MsgFiler - (partial support) Brings keyboard-driven quick filing of email to Apple Mail
Mac OS X 10.6 - Snow Leopard-compatible plug-ins

ReplyWithHeader - Adds functionality to customise the reply/quote format/message
Unsubscribe - Adds ubsubscribe button to Apple Mail; uses ubsubscribe.com's unsubscribe service
Related Mail - Display related messages to viewed email
mBoxMail - Hotmail in Apple Mail
Mail Perspectives - Compact view of your email
Mailboxer - Smart Mailboxes for your contacts in Apple Mail
Mail2iCal - Generates an iCal event or todo item out of the selected email in Apple Mail
MailHub - Helps you organize your email more efficiently
MsgFiler - Brings keyboard-driven quick filing of email to Apple Mail
MessageFont - Configure default font for Rich Text messages
TruePreview - Customize Apple Mail message status behaviour
Mailtabs - Add Safari-style tabs to Apple Mail!
GPGmail - Encrypt and/or authenticate email
Archive - Adds a keyboard shortcut and toolbar button for easy archiving of selected messages
Confirmed OS X 10.5.x Leopard-compatible plug-ins

Flagit! - Labels and colored flags for Apple Mail (beta)
Letterbox - Vertical columns for Apple Mail
HTTPmail - Hotmail and MSN access for Apple Mail
Related Mail - Display related messages to viewed email
Growl Mail - Apple Mail plug-in for growl notification system
WideMail - Provides wide-format view option
MiniMail - Process mail from a tiny window (commercial)
Eudora Mailbox Cleaner - Eudora to Apple Mail migration tool
Attachment scanner - Avoid the embarrassment of missing attachments
WideMail - A wider view of your email in Apple Mail
MailAppetizer - Email notification (beta)
Mac OS X 10.4 Tiger only

IMAP-IDLE - Adds IMAP-IDLE support for Tiger, Mail 3.0 handles IDLE
Widgets
For all your widget needs check the following pages:
DashboardWidgets - the biggest independent Dashboard widgets source
Apple.com widgets - Apple's own widget page
Widget Machine - Free and pay widgets with an awesome design
Here are a few to get you started:
iCal events (f) - shows events from iCal for the next days, launches iCal
FlipClock (f) - a replacement world clock for the analog-ly challenged. Includes an alarm option and many
designs.
Wikipedia (f) - an easy way to search the open source online encyclopedia Wikipedia from your Dashboard
GimmiAmazon (f) - an easy way to search Amazon from within the Dashboard
Countdown Calendar (f) - counts down the days to a specific date
LookingForward (f) - a countdown widget for multiple events
PearLyrics (f) - a lyric widget that gets almost all lyrics and let's you automatically copy them to iTunes (no
longer available, if you need it send a private message to Diatribe)
Calculon (f) - a small calculator widget
Moments (f) - a widget to display your favorite pic in different sizes with different frame designs
Utility Button (f) - puts your utilities folder in your dashboard to be easily accessible
Airtraffic Control (f) - shows the networks around you, their signal strength and lets you connect to them
Sysstat / mini version of Sysstat(f) - shows the system stats in your Dashboard
Quicktime full screen (f) - click to see QuickTime movies in fullscreen
eBay (s) - keep track of your current sales and bids on eBay from your Dashboard
This tip requires
Mac OS X Tiger
Widgets
Apple Computer implemented Widgets in version 10.4 of Mac OS X, released April 29, 2005. Widgets run on the
Dashboard extension of the Mac OS.
Contents
[hide]
1 Description
2 Screenshots
3 Reviews
4 Links
[edit]
Description
Widgets are small applications which often do tasks which are too minor to be handled by a full-fledged standalone
application. Such tasks include weather forecasts, stock market information, a world clock, calculators and more. A
unique feature of widgets is the ability to open multiple instances of a particular widget at once. This can be useful for
monitoring time in different locations with multiple clocks, performing several independent calculations, or tracking
weather for different cities, as a few examples.
Widgets employ technologies such as HTML, CSS, and Java functionality. This is useful to developers who want to
program widgets without spending extensive resources to do so.
[edit]
Screenshots
[edit]
Reviews
[edit]
Links
Official Dashboard Site
Widget Downloads
DashboardWidgets.com Showcase
Widget Develpment on OS X
Macrumors Forum
Apple
Store
Mac
iPod
iPhone
iPad
iTunes
Support
Search
Widget Browser
Category
o Blogs & Forums (428)
o Business (178)
o Calculate & Convert (201)
o Developer (133)
o Email & Messaging (101)
o Food (49)
o Games (215)
o Information (93)
o International (855)
o Just For Fun (257)
o Movies & TV (149)
o Music (182)
o Networking & Security (120)
o News (302)
o Radio & Podcasts (223)
o Reference (239)
o Search (180)
o Shopping (210)
o Sports (188)
o Status (225)
o Transportation (93)
o Travel (77)
o Webcams (61)
Widget
Select A Category
Info
Categories
Blogs & Forums (428)
Post to your blog and stay up to minute with favorite feeds and discussions.
Business (178)
Get organized with widgets for everything from Main St. to Wall St.
Calculate & Convert (201)

Measure twice, cut once. These widgets keep your calculations on the money.
Developer (133)
Youre in command with widgets that speed up development tasks.
Email & Messaging (101)
Track your email, find buddies, and send text messages to mobile networks.
Food (49)
Discover local restaurants and mouth-watering recipes from your Dashboard.
Games (215)
You should be working, but these widgets are sure to tear you away.
Information (93)
Know it all with widgets for weather, tides, astronomy and more.
International (855)
Search Australia or Austria with this worldwide collection of widgets.
Just For Fun (257)

Fun widgets to brighten up your Dashboard.
Movies & TV (149)

Whats on? Look up TV listings, track hot movies, and show up on time.
Music (182)
These widgets will have you singing, dancing, and tuning your iTunes.
Networking & Security (120)

Manage and protect your wired world from your Dashboard.
News (302)
Track the latest feeds from news agencies near and far.
Radio & Podcasts (223)

Listen to live audio streams while you work or play.
Reference (239)
From the essential to the esoteric, these widgets can ask anything.
Search (180)
Leave no stone unturned with quick and powerful search widgets.
Shopping (210)
Find deals, track orders and shop from your Dashboard.
Sports (188)
Follow your favorite teams with widgets for scores, stats and TV time
Status (225)
No worries monitor everything from disk space to battery status.
Transportation (93)
Get out the door on time with widgets for traffic, trains and timetables.
Travel (77)
Plan your next trip with interactive maps and panoramic photos.
Webcams (61)
Visit the world through the eyes of these webcam widgets.
Apple is providing links to these applications as a courtesy, and makes no representations regarding the applications or any information
related thereto. Any questions, complaints or claims regarding the applications must be directed to the appropriate software vendor.
3896 Dashboard Widgets
Home>Downloads> Dashboard Widgets
Apple Info
Site Map
Hot News
RSS Feeds
Contact Us
Terms of Use
Privacy Policy
Wikipedia Widget
A Dashboard widget for browsing the free, user-created encyclopedia, Wikipedia. Search, view and edit
articles right from the Dashboard, complete with pictures and links.
Main Page
Download
Change log
Get Source Code
View/Submit Bug Report

Download
Features:
Compatible with any language wikipedia. Click the 'i' button in the lower left corner to access
settings, then enter the 2 letter (or more) letter code on the back. Defaults to English (en).
External links open in your preferred browser.
Click the 'wikipedia' button to the left of the search field to open the current article or search
term in Safari.
The '?' button to the left of the search field fetches a random article.
Back and forward buttons with page caching.
Edit pages by clicking the hand icon in the lower right.
Installation
Apple's Mac OS X 10.5 or later is required.
After downloading, double click the 'Wikipedia.zip' file to unzip. Then double click the resulting
'Wikipedia.wdgt' file to open in Dashboard.
Current Version
1.0.0 (February 13, 2013 11:45am)
Moved download site from www.whatsinthehouse.com/widgets to wikiwidget.github.com
Fixed problem with displaying articles.
More consistent caching location
Showcase Home - Search - Login - Register
Categories
Application Interfaces
(60)
Enhance your favorite apps
Communications
(34)
Email, SMS, and other kinds
Counters
(46)
Track downloads, population, etc
Date & Time

(207)
Personal Clocks and Calendars
Decorative
(101)
Eye candy and adornments
Fun & Games
(214)
Games, Comics, and more!
Math & Science
(75)
Calculate and Discover
Multimedia
(142)
Music, webcams, and other players

News & Blogs
(283)
Track news and blogs via RSS
Phonebooks
(26)
Find phone numbers in Dashboard
Post & Upload
(28)
Publish to the Internet
References
(83)
Dictionaries, Translators, etc
Schedules
(97)
Bus, Train, TV, etc

Searching
(169)
Find things on the internet
Shopping
(64)
Browse online stores
System Utilities
(116)
System tools and monitors
Weather & Traffic
(70)
Live traffic feeds, weather maps, etc
Miscellaneous
(208)
Everything else!
Expand/Collapse
Shopping - GimmiAmazon
Descripti This widget helps you to find something in Amazon and send mail to your angel (parents,
on: boyfriends or someone) for the product as a gift.
When you click an item at the preview table, detailed information of the item will be
shown.
In the panel, 'GO' button leads you to the detailed information in Amazon and Mail button
launchs Mail.app and make a mail ready to be sent. (The widget sends no mails
automatically.)
You can choose your angel at the reverse panel and write your message. The mail
addresses are automatically read from your AddressBook.
The widget automatically collapses when 'x' button is clicked or the searching field
become empty.
Sort order of search results for each product group are determined by selection at the
bottom right box.
Average review rank is shown both in preview window and in detail window. You can also
read customers reviews posted to Amazon by clicking Review button (shaping a pen tip).
But downloading reviews can make loading processes slower. Checkbox in the reverse
panel can cancel downloading reviews to get quicker response.
Author: usako
Version: 0.2b
New in -Angels without first or last name are now selectable from reverse panel
v0.2b: -Plugin was build as universal binary
Uploaded December 22nd 2005 at 7:49 AM

on:
Rating: (4.67 stars) [Show Detailed Ratings]
Downloa 374 (all versions), 193 (this version)

ds:
Calculon is a handy calculator widget that runs under Dashboard in Mac OS X. It includes a 2 line
display that lets you see what you're entering to be calculated, and features a choice of 10 different
face colors.
Mouse over the squares to see each color.
The latest version is Calculon 1.22 - released on November 25, 2007.

Click here to download Calculon!
Mac OS X 10.4 Tiger or later is required.
If you're using Safari, click the download link. When the widget download is complete, it will be automatically
unarchived and the "Widget Installer" will appear asking if you want to install Calculon and open it in Dashboard. Click
"Install" to open the widget in Dashboard, then click "Keep" to install it.
If you're using a browser other than Safari, click the download link. When the widget download is complete,
unarchive it by double-clicking on the "calculon.zip" file. Then double click "calculon.wdgt". The "Widget Installer" will
appear asking if you want to install Calculon and open it in Dashboard. Click "Install" to open the widget in Dashboard,
then click "Keep" to install it.
Calculon is easy to use, and works pretty much like a regular calculator... the biggest difference is
that there are no buttons. To enter numbers, simply type what you want on your keyboard. To
execute a calculation press the "=", "return" or "enter" key.
To reset Calculon press the "clear" key or "c" key.
To delete characters in your expression one at a time, press the " delete" key or left arrow key.
You can use the answer from a previous calculation in a new one. For example, suppose you have:
2+2=4
Now type "+6=", and you'll get:
4+6=10
You can also enter extended calculations, including the use of parentheses, such as:
(3+3)*3=18
(note that Calculon uses operator precedence, so multiplication and division are calculated before addition and
subtraction. Calculon does not currently support more advanced things like trigonometry functions... although that may
be something I'll consider adding in the future.)
In order to support certain keyboard number pads, pressing the " ," key enters a "." into the
calculator as the decimal point.
Calculon also supports copying and pasting of data. "Commandc" will copy your answer to the
clipboard. "Commandv" will paste data from the clipboard to the expression part of the LCD
display.
Calculon is "Donation-Ware". You're welcome to use it for free as long as you want... but if you use it
all the time, please consider donating a little money. It will help motivate me to keep improving it,
and pay for this web server space. Donate now!
Here are some reasons why you should use Calculon:
two line display is useful - see what you've entered
it looks nice and you get choice of 10 colors
takes up less space on your screen than Apple's Calculator
you never use those buttons on the Apple Calculator widget anyway
1.22 - November 25, 2007
fixed the URL for the "Info" button since I've moved to a different server
fixed a CSS error that was causing the wrong font to be displayed when using OS X 10.5 Leopard
1.21 - July 20, 2005
pressing the "," key now enters a "." for the decimal point - this feature was added to support international
keyboards with number pads that have a "," as the decimal point separator (this feature will change if/when I get around to
implementing real support for other number formats)
1.2 - July 20, 2005
added the ability to paste from the clipboard
added the ability to delete the last character by pressing the "delete" key or left arrow key
pressing the "c" or capital "C" key now resets the calculator (in addition to the "clear" key) - mainly added this for
PowerBook users, since there's no dedicated "clear" key like on full size keyboards
fixed a bug that was causing characters to be entered twice for PowerBook users using the "fn" key and the
pseudo-number pad (keys M,J,K,L,U,I,O, etc.)
added some checks to prevent users from entering "=" more than once
typing a number after a calculation has been made now resets the calculator and starts a new calculation
(previously, it had a bug where the number would be appended to the end of the old answer)
1.1 - July 15, 2005
Added support for parentheses
1.0 - July 13, 2005
Initial release
Calculon & the Calculon website are Copyright Jim Rhoades
Showcase Home - Search - Login - Register
Categories
Application Interfaces
(60)
Communications
(34)
Counters
(46)
Date & Time
(207)
Decorative
(101)
Fun & Games
(214)
Math & Science
(75)
Multimedia
(142)
News & Blogs
(283)
Phonebooks
(26)
Post & Upload
(28)
References
(83)
Schedules
(97)
Searching
(169)
Shopping
(64)
System Utilities
(116)
Weather & Traffic
(70)
Miscellaneous
(208)
Expand/Collapse
Shopping - eBay Watcher
Descripti This is a Dashboard widget that monitors items on eBay. It will regularly update the
on: bidding information at a user-selected time interval. You can monitor three items at the
same time. Complete item information is displayed.
Audio feedback when price changes, auction ending in two minutes, and auction ends on
an item. Growl notification is supported (price changed, auction ending in two minutes,
auction ended). Automatic check for updates. Ability to stop timer, manual refresh,
automatically reload last searched auctions on start-up.
Localized display label for German, French, Spanish, Traditional Chinese, Simplified
Chinese, and Italian. Updated for new eBay US store. Features mouse wheel scrolling.
World clock and option to turn it on and off. Displays my eBay watching, bidding, items
won information.
This is an eBay certified product. This version uses eBay API. It will direct you to eBay to
agree on an authorization agreement and obtain a token. The token will be stored in the
users keychain. The widget does not collect eBay log-in or password.
Updated to 19 digits item number required by eBay. Added my eBay selling tab. Can load
my eBay items into empty auction tabs. Remembers the size of the widget when logged
out. New look. Now has four tabs for tracking auctions. Added search function. Can choose
up to four my eBay catagories: watching, bidding, selling, won, didnt win, unsold, sold.
Can shrink the widget to display item number only. Use latest version of eBay API. Modified
get token process for native iPhone application. Added a button to copy the token into My
eBay.app for iPhone. Now compatible with OSX 10.5 Leopard. Changed My eBay
categories, Won, Sold, and Unsold, to show the end date. Added refresh time for my eBay.
Added total for categories Won and Sold.
Useful Mac related websites
[edit]
Apple's pages
Apple Events Videos
[edit]
[edit]
Hints and Scripts
[edit]
iPod
[edit]
Buying Advice
Buyer's Guide - Overview over all Apple hardware and when it has been updated last
[edit]
Macs
[edit]
iPods
Which iPod should I buy? - Not sure which one to buy? Read this guide.
[edit]

[edit]
Other
Is .mac worth it? Read up on it here and see for yourself
Is AppleCare worth it? - Check out the prices of AppleCare and whether it is for you or not
[edit]
FAQs
[edit]
Technical
Barefeats - Benchmarks
[edit]
Other information
[edit]
MacRumors (Please read before posting)
MacRumors FAQ - various interesting things to know
Rules recap - read or risk getting banned
Guidelines for getting help - how to post questions
[edit]
Apple
Free iTunes 2006 - a list of all free songs given away by Apple on the iTunes Music Store
Apple's pages
Apple Events Videos

Desktop Pictures
A desktop picture, known more commonly as wallpaper on Windows, is the picture displayed on the desktop.
[edit]
Desktop picture websites
It can often be difficult to find desktop pictures large enough for some Mac displays. Here are some links to sites
which provide high quality images.
Mandolux
MacDesktops
Desktopia
DesktopWallpaper
InterfaceLIFT
Pixelgirl Presents
Plasma Design (some are free, but a lot require subscription)
Digital Blasphemy (another subscription site, but with plenty of free papers)
MacRumors forum thread (lots more links)
[edit]
Setting the desktop picture
In Mac OS X, the desktop picture can be set in the Desktop pane of the Desktop & Screen Saver preference pane in
System Preferences. The column on the left lists folders of Apple provided pictures, iPhoto albums, and the ability to
choose a folder, useful when you want to use a picture not located in any of the other listed folders.
Alternatively, you can drag an image file from Finder onto the thumbnail of the current desktop picture, located at the
top left of the window.
Hints and Scripts
Doug's AppleScripts for iTunes
what's new
scripts
apps
tips & info

about
faq
search:
Doug's Apps for iTunes:
Dupin
The iTunes duplicates manager
Dupin Lite
Like Dupin, just lighter
Playlist Assist New!

Not quite a playlist window
But almost
Smarts
Smart Playlist manager
TrackSift
9 tools for iTunes
WikiScoop
Wikipedia Artists browser
mySpins
Rank your most-played songs
Join Together
Join tracks as a single file
Info Search
more search options
Follow
What's New...
30 Most Recent
Google+ Posts
10 Most Recently Added:
Click on a script's name and go its entry page for information and download link.
UPDATED 8 days ago:

Restore Artwork from Album Folder v2.3Restore each selected track's artwork from an
image file stored in its Album folder
UPDATED May 31, 2013:

File Renamer v2.3Use tag data to formulate new file name for selected tracks' files
NEW May 23, 2013:

ConvExp to Album Folders v1.0Convert selected tracks, export new files to Artist/Album
folders
UPDATED April 22, 2013:

Export to Album Folders v1.1Export files of selected tracks into Album folders

Stop Track! v2.0Use special track to stop iTunes, cue next track
Export Selected With M3U v1.1Copy files of selected tracks or playlist to new location
with M3U file referencing them
UPDATED March 26, 2013:

New iPod Playlist From Selection v4.0Copy selected tracks or playlist to a new iPod,
iPad, or iPhone playlist
NEW January 30, 2013:

Search Results to Playlist v1.0Emulates iTunes search and copies results to a playlist
UPDATED January 12, 2013:

Search-Replace Tag Text v3.4Perform search-and-replace on text in your choice of tags
UPDATED December 24, 2012:

Save Album Art as folder.jpg v2.4Export album artwork as folder.jpg to Album folder
the 10 most recent in detail...
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lifehacker: Top 13 iTunes AppleScripts

Macworld: iTunes' "hidden" features
Macworld: 10 Great Scripts for iTunes 10Mac.AppStorm: Enhance iTunes With AppleScript
Welcome!
Download 445 (and counting) free user-contributed AppleScripts for Apple's iTunes that will
help make managing your digital music collection easier and more fun!
What's AppleScript?
AppleScript is a simple Macintosh-only programming language that can control and automate
actions on your Mac. AppleScript is already available on your computer as part of the Mac OS
and many popular applications can be automated using AppleScript scripts. Scripts written for
iTunes can manage files and track information, create playlists, interact with other applications,
perform innovative tasks, and handle many kinds of chores which otherwise would be repetitive,
laborious, and/or time-consuming.
Cool! Where Do I Start?

Start browsing the site by using the scripts Menu link above. AppleScripts are gathered into
these general Categories:
Managing Tracks
Managing Track Info
Managing Artwork
Managing Playlists
Controlling iTunes
Exporting Info
Managing Files
Networking
Internet
iPod
Miscellaneous
With Other Apps
Or use the search box at the top of every page to try and find something specific.
Not sure how to install AppleScripts? Here's the Download/Installation FAQ.
Check back often or subscribe to my RSS news feed and 30 Most Recent Scripts RSS to stay
notified about new and updated scripts and info.
What's New...
August 17 '13 - 6:28 am
iTunes 11.0.5 Released

Apple has updated iTunes to correct some issues with tracks stored in the cloud. You can get
iTunes 11.0.5 from the App Store apps Updates tab or directly from Apples website.
posted in iTunes 11
August 16 '13 - 9:34 am
Toggle Stereo/Mono Audio Output
Correspondent Simon Crosbie has set up an amp and pair of speakers in his workshop which is
connected to an Airport Express. Unfortunately, the speakers are some distance apart, so that he
may be near one speaker or another at any time, and will only hear that channels output. Simon
wanted to know if theres a way to toggle between stereo and mono output so he can hear more
than just half of a stereo recording.
Yes, there is a way. Go to System Preferences > Accessibility. Choose Audio in the left-hand
list and in the panel that appears click the checkbox next to Play stereo audio as mono.
Goodnight everybody!
Wait a minute. I almost forgot I wrote this script to do it:
tell application System Preferences

reveal anchor Hearing of pane id com.apple.preference.universalaccess
end tell
tell application System Events
tell application process System Preferences
tell window Accessibility
set monoStereoCheckbox to checkbox 2 of group 1
if (get value of monoStereoCheckbox) as boolean is true then
set ddMessage to Switch to STEREO output?
else
set ddMessage to Switch to MONO output?
end if
if button returned of (display dialog ddMessage buttons

{No, Yes} default button 2) is Yes then
tell monoStereoCheckbox to click
end if
end tell
end tell
end tell
if application System Preferences is running then
tell application System Preferences to quit
end if
I would save this script in the system wide Scripts menu (install it in ~/Library/Scripts/). Because
the script uses (gulp) GUI scripting you must make sure that Enable access for assitive devices
is checked in the Accessibility System Preferences panel.
Smarties among you can figure out how to switch mono/stereo when using AppleScript to change
AirPlay speakers.
And bear in mind that while the script works with the current OS (and probably an OS that may
be released this Fall), Apple may change the layout of the System Preferences panels in a future
update, in which case the GUI scripting will have to be updated.
posted in Airplay, Controlling iTunes, GUI Scripting

August 15 '13 - 5:51 am
UPDATED: Restore Artwork from Album

Folder v2.3
Restore Artwork from Album Folder will look for a PNG or JPG/JPEG image file in the parent
folder of each selected tracks filepresumably its Album folderand apply the data from that
image file as artwork for the track.
This latest version fixes a problem identifying image files correctly, which mostly occurred on
non-English operating systems.
posted in Managing Artwork

July 13 '13 - 8:26 am
Smarts v1.2.0 Released
Smarts is an app that will save and store the criteria of an iTunes Smart Playlistthe smarts of a
Smart Playlistas a template so you can reload it into iTunes later. Additionally, Smart Playlist
criteria can be exported as a tiny XML file and then imported into any iTunes application. So you
can back-up your Smart Playlists or share them with others.
New in this latest version of Smarts:
Can now export the Smart Playlist selected in iTunes or Current Smart Playlists as an
XML file
Adds contextual menu access to most commands

Can check if a template is already loaded in iTunes or if a Smart Playlist is already saved
as a template
Can export multiple items to a single XML file
Minor maintenance fixes to optimize efficiency
Smarts is a free download from the Mac App Store. If you already use Smarts then download the
latest version from the Updates pane of your App Store app.
posted in Mac App Store, Smarts

June 7 '13 - 4:22 pm
Search for Scripts from the Help Menu

I may have known this. But I guess I forgot about it. So I was pleasantly surprised when I found
you can type the first few letters of a script you want to use (that is installed in
~/Library/iTunes/Scripts/ so that it appears in the iTunes Script menu) in the Search box in iTunes
Help menu. These scripts are seen as menu items, so any script containing the entered text will
show in the Menu-Items result. Then, if you hover the mouse over the scripts name, the actual
Script menu pops up with the script highlighted and that hovering blue arrow pointing at it:
posted in Tips and Info, iTunes

June 6 '13 - 9:46 am
iTunes 11.0.4 Released

Not so much fanfare for the release of iTunes 11.0.4 yesterday, but big news if you were seeing
that Enter your password dialog continuously. Includes other minor bug fixes.
posted in iTunes 11
June 4 '13 - 6:32 am
Playlist Assist
Im happy to announce the release of Playlist Assist. Do you miss the old playlist window
feature?
Playlist Assist provides a floating window to which tracks from iTunes can be dragged and then
sorted, arranged, auditioned, edited, exported as text, and saved back to iTunes as a new playlist.
Keeps playlist construction in focus while still being able to conveniently navigate around iTunes
for tracks and playlists.
Playlist Assist features:
Recognizes audio and video tracks

Sort, search, shuffle, and drag-and-drop Play Order arranging
QuickLook playback
Get Info
Save as new playlist to iTunes, directly to Playlist Folders if you like
Save and play in Up Next immediately
Touch-up basic tag editing
Export playlist data as tab-delimited text, XML, M3U
Export files of tracks to Finder
Compatible with iTunes Match tracks (however, some features only apply to local files)
Familiar iTunes-like interface, ample shortcuts, update checking, in-app Help
Playlist Assist is for OS X 10.7 or later, iTunes 10 or later. Download the full-featured demo from
here.
posted in Playlist Assist

May 31 '13 - 12:41 pm
UPDATED: File Renamer v2.3

File Renamer will rename the files of the selected tracks (or the files of the tracks in the selected
playlist) with a filename pattern that is formulated using the tracks tag data. Optionally, export a
copy of the files to a chosen location and rename the files in that location.
This latest version will format date properties as YYYYMMDDHHMMSS.
More info and download here.
posted in Cocoa-AppleScript, Managing Files

May 30 '13 - 2:14 pm
Project: Change AirPlay Speakers, Change
EQ
I dont fiddle much with iTunes EQ settings. I most frequently send audio to a receiver and, if
necessary, tweak the tone settings there. But I realised that if youre using AirPlay, you may want
a different EQ setting for a selected AirPlay device. If you dont mind firing a script whenever
you want to change AirPlay speakersand you dont mind doing some of the script-writing
yourselfheres a simple way to acomplish that.
And I do mean simple. This script is pretty basic and could be finessed much more thoroughly. It
will only allow you to select a single AirPlay device (I dont believe there can be a different EQ
for each active AirPlay device simultaneously) but itll get the job done.
Heres the script. Open it in AppleScript Editor:
tell application iTunes
set listOfAirPlayNames to (get name of every AirPlay device)
set chosenAirPlayName to (choose from list listOfAirPlayNames with prompt Change

AirPlay Speakers to:)
if chosenAirPlayName is false then return user pressed Cancel
set chosenAirPlayName to (chosenAirPlayName as text) coerce to text from list
# This is the part you have to code:

if chosenAirPlayName is Computer then set chosenEQName to Rock
if chosenAirPlayName is Apple TV then set chosenEQName to My Customized EQ
if chosenAirPlayName is Bedroom Airport Express then set chosenEQName to
Classical
# and so on
# apply the changes

set current AirPlay devices to AirPlay device chosenAirPlayName
set current EQ preset to EQ preset chosenEQName
end tell
You will have to supply the names of your AirPlay devices and the name of the EQ setting you
want to use with each. The latter is easy, just use the name of an EQ preset as its displayed in the
Equalizer Window. To get the accurate names of the Airplay devices, just run the script from
AppleScript Editor and then right away click the Cancel button in the choose list dialog. In the
AppleScript Editor Event Log window youll see the names listed. Use these names in each of the
repeating lines of code in the script. You may have fewer or more than the three example lines in
the original script. Edit accordingly.
When those edits have been made, Save the script as Script and named whatever you like and
saved in your [home]/Library/iTunes/Scripts/ folder. And, like my Mom always says, add a
keyboard shortcut to launch it.
Remember: if you manually change your AirPlay speakers in iTunes, without using the script, the
EQ will not change. That only happens when you run the script.
So also: smarties can probably figure out how to set a discrete volume for each chosen device
using the Airplay device sound volume property.
UPDATE: Just to be clear, it is the main iTunes EQ setting that is changed, not the EQ setting for
individual tracks.
posted in Airplay, AppleTV, iTunes 11

May 24 '13 - 9:29 am
Dupin v2.6
Im pleased to announce that Dupin v2.6 is now available.
Dupin is your iTunes duplicates manager. With Dupin you can:
Very quickly find all sets of duplicate iTunes tracks based on your choice of criteria
Select the Keeper tracks from among a number of duplicates automatically using a
variety of versatile filtering options
Consolidate the play, skip, and ratings information from all tracks in a Dupe Group to the
single Keeper track
Re-populate iTunes playlists replacing non-Keeper tracks with Keeper tracks
Remove duplicate tracks from iTunes and send files to the Trash
Manage intentionally duplicated tracks
Copy tracks to new iTunes playlists
And much more
Updated in version 2.6:
Added Filename to Criteria (recognizes local files only)
Added ability to play/view selected tracks in QuickLook panel via spacebar (OS X 10.7+)
Updated Get Info window, incorporating play/pause album artwork thumbnail (OS X
10.7+)
Improved sorting algorithms
Addressed issues with restoring windows
Moved List Font Size options from Preferences to View menu
Minor UI changes
General maintenance fixes and improvements
This is a free update for registered users of Dupin v2.5 and later. More information and download
here.
posted in Dupin
Older Entries
Site contents 2001 - 2013 Doug Adams and weblished by Doug Adams, dougscripts AT mac
DOT com.
All rights reserved. Legal.
AppleScript, iTunes, iPod, iPad, and iPhone are registered trademarks of Apple Inc.
iPod
Macs
Which Apple notebook should I buy?

This guide aims to help you make an informed decision about which MacBook to buy by presenting all important
factors at a glance.
Contents
[hide]
1 Release Cycle
2 Overview
3 Comparison - Price
4 Comparison - Power
5 Comparison - Features
6 Comparison - Portability
7 How to Make An Informed Decision
8 See Also
[edit]
Release Cycle
Before considering a certain model, check the MacRumor's Buyer's Guide. Based upon historic release cycles the
buyer's guide gives an estimation as to when a model is approaching the end of is lifecycle, and advising if a customer
should purchase the particular model or wait.
[edit]
Overview
Currently available only for educational sales. Featuring a 13" polycarbonate design, this machine is
ideal for those with light needs or a tight budget, as well as those wanting a second portable machine.
MacBook
The MacBook is no longer advertised for sale on the Apple website, or in store having seemingly been
replaced with the MacBook Air.
Apple's MacBook Air has just seen a major revision. It is the most portable laptop Apple sells. It has a
MacBook
long battery life, but inferior specs compared to the MacBook Pro. It now includes Flash memory instead
Air
of a hard drive for a faster user experience. This laptop is for those who value weight over performance.
The 13" MacBook Pro features Sandy Bridge i5 and i7 Dual-Core Processors. The 15" and 17"
MacBook
MacBook Pro feature even faster Core i5 or i7 Quad-Core processors and batteries which last up to 7
Pro
hours.
[edit]
Comparison - Price
MacBook MacBook Pro MacBook Air
Low-end High-end Low-end High-end
MacBook 17" 11" 13"
13" 13" 15" 15"
USD N/A $1,199 $1,499 $1,799 $2,199 $2,299 $999 $1,299
GBP N/A 999 1,299 1,549 1,849 2,099 849 1,099
For many, the most important factor is price. Remember to leave some extra money spare for BTO options such as
extra RAM and bigger HDDs, and accessories such as cases, an Apple remote and external HDDs.
[edit]
Comparison - Power
MacBook 17" Low-end High-end
13" 13" 15" 15"
Processo Core 2 Core i5 Core i7 Core i5
r Duo
1.6GHz 1.6 GHz
(11') (11')
2.2 GHz 2.4 GHz
2.4 GHz 2.4 GHz 2.8 GHz (Quad (Quad 2.4 GHz (Quad Core)
1.7 GHz 1.7 GHz
Core) Core)
(13') (13')
2 GB
2 GB 1066 MHz
Standard 1066 MHz
4 GB 1333 MHz DDR3 SDRAM DDR3 SDRAM
RAM DDR3
(soldered on-board)
SDRAM
8 GB
4 GB 1066 MHz
1066 MHz
Max RAM 16 GB 1333 MHz DDR3 SDRAM DDR3 SDRAM
DDR3
(soldered on-board)
SDRAM
Intel HD
3000
NVIDIA graphics
Intel HD 3000 graphics and AMD Intel HD Graphics
GeForce Intel HD 3000 and AMD
Radeon HD 6770M 3000
320M Radeon
Graphics HD
6750M
384 MB
256 MB 256MB or 384MB of
384MB Shared shared +
shared 384 MB shared + 1 GB GDDR5 DDR3 SDRAM shared
memory 512 MB
memory with main memory
GDDR5
A faster processor will show improvements in almost all applications. However, even the 1.86 GHz Core 2 Duo
MacBook Air has enough power to run light applications such as web browsers, word processors and presentation
software almost as quickly as a MacBook Pro. Differences will only be discernible when running multiple applications
or more demanding applications. The latest 15" and 17" MacBook Pros feature Intel's Core i5 and i7 processor.
Despite their lower clock speeds, these processors can actually do more work per clock making them significantly
faster than a Core 2 Duo of identical clock speeds. Core i5 and i7 processors can also "Turbo Boost" up to 3.33 GHz
(dependant on model) giving you even more power in specific situations.
More RAM also improves speed when multitasking or running heavy apps. Not enough RAM can cause your system
to slow down and "hang". It is recommended that you get as much RAM as you can afford. All models come with at
least 2 GBs of standard RAM while all MBPs sport 4 GBs of DDR3 SDRAM. While 2 GB is enough for light users,
those with more demanding needs are recommended to get as much as they can afford (within reason). All
MacBooks/MacBook Pros/MacBook Airs with the GeForce 320m graphics card siphon off system RAM so don't forget
that you'll have 256 MB less to play with.
Finally, the polycarbonate MacBook currently includes a GeForce 320m graphics card, similar to the 2010 13"
MacBook Pros. It's capable of playing many games on low to medium settings and should be more than enough for
the majority of users. This graphics card is actually about 50% more powerful than the 9400M. The new 13" MacBook
Pro includes intel HD 3000 graphics, while the new 15" and 17" MacBook Pros include integrated Intel HD 3000
graphics and a AMD Radeon HD 6490M and 6750M respectively. The Intel graphics will be used for light applications,
but it'll automatically switch to the Radeon when things get demanding.
[edit]
Comparison - Features
MacBook 17" 11" 13"
13" 13" 15" 15"
11.6" LED 13.3" LED
15.4" LED widescreen
13.3" LED widescreen at 17" LED widescreen widescree widescree
Display at 1440x900 or
1280x800 at 1920x1200 n at n at
1680x1050
1366x768 1440x900
64 GB 128 GB
Storage 250 GB 500GB 750GB 500 GB 750 GB
Flash Flash
Optical
8x DL SuperDrive No optical drive
Drive
3x USB 2.0, 1x FW
2x USB
2x USB 2x USB 2.0, 1x FW 800, 1x ThunderBolt, 800, 1x 2x USB
Ports 2.0, SD
2.0 SDXC Card Slot ExpressCard/34, 1x 2.0
Card Slot
ThunderBolt
Full-size Full-size backlit
Keyboard Full-size backlit keyboard
keyboard keyboard
Higher resolution means more effective workspace. All MacBooks include glossy screens, but the 17" and 15" MBPs
includes a matte option. The LED displays on the aluminium MacBooks have been reported to be of higher quality
than those on the polycarbonate MacBooks.
The computer industry is beginning a slow transition to flash storage (similar to the storage technology in today's iPod
shuffle, nano and touch). SSDs offer performance improvements in some areas, may reduce battery usage and, as
they feature no moving parts, are much more durable than hard disk drives. The hard disk drives offered in the
MacBook and MacBook Pro operate at 5,400rpm but the 15" and 17" MacBook Pro can be upgraded to include a
7,200rpm HDD and all of the MacBook Pro family have the option of including an SSD up to 512 GBs in size. The
MacBook Pro has a user-accessible hard drive, but it is a little harder to access than in the past due to the removal of
the door on the bottom of the case. The MacBook Airs now come with only flash storage. Note that the MBA has a
non-user replaceable SSD which comes in the form of an "SSD stick", not in the common 2.5" or 1.8" form factor. A
typical text file is under 100 KB, a 4 minute iTunes song (128 kbps) is around 4 MB while a 4 minute iTunes Plus song
(256 kbps) is 8 MB and a 3D game can require several GBs of storage.
An external SuperDrive designed for the MacBook Air is an optional extra for those who require it. Third-party external
drives have been reported to work as well.
All MacBooks come with at least two USB 2.0 ports. This incredibly popular port provides a connection between
peripherals and add-ons such as external mice, external hard drives and printers. The MacBook Pros also include a
FireWire 800 port which is backward compatible with FireWire 400. While USB 2.0 is in theory faster than FW 400
(480 Mbit/s vs. 400 Mbit/s), in practice FireWire 400 is significantly faster than USB 2.0 and FireWire 800 is double the
speed of FireWire 400. The 17" MacBook Pros also come with ExpressCard/34 slots for further expansion while the
15" and 13" MacBook Pros sport an SD card slot.
Backlit keyboards allow you to clearly see all the keys during dark conditions. It is automatically controlled by an
ambient light sensor. A multi-touch trackpad allows users to use gestures as shortcuts.
[edit]
Comparison - Portability
MacBook 17" 11" 13"
13" 13" 15" 15"
Battery
10 hours 7 hours 5 hours 7 hours
Life
4.7 lbs/ 2.3 lbs/ 2.9 lbs/
Weight 4.5 lbs/ 2.04 kg 5.6 lbs/ 2.54 kg 6.6 lbs/ 2.99 kg
2.13 kg 1.06 kg 1.32 kg
11.8"/ 12.8"/
Width 13"/ 33.03cm 14.35"/ 36.4cm 15.47"/ 39.3cm
29.95cm 32.5cm
9.12"/ 7.56"/ 8.94"/
Depth 8.94"/ 22.7cm 9.6"/ 24.3cm 10.51"/ 26.7cm
23.17cm 19.2cm 22.7cm
1.08"/ 0.11 - 0.68"/ 0.3 to
Height 0.95"/ 2.41cm 0.95"/ 2.41cm 0.98"/ 2.5cm
2.74cm 1.7cm
For those who travel often, portability will be a factor. A MacBook Air is the best choice for a frequent traveler but the
MacBook and even the MacBook Pro are still very portable machines.
[edit]
How to Make An Informed Decision
Obviously technical details cannot be enough to help buyers arrive at the right decision for them. As such, it is
advisable that you consider your needs carefully. It is perhaps best to start with a list of features you believe you must
have in order to do what you need/want to do with your Mac. If, for example, you want a particular screen size, you
can eliminate certain models.
[edit]
See Also
Which Apple desktop should I buy?
Categories: Guides | Mac Hardware

Which size MacBook Pro should I buy
The most significant benefit to purchasing a MacBook Pro is having both power and portability. Ideally, the nature of
what you will be using the MacBook Pro for can help dictate what screen size MacBook Pro you invest in. Prior to
making your purchase, ask yourself: "Will I be using my MacBook Pro for travel or primarily as a convenient portable
solution around the home?" If your professional career dictates that you carry a MacBook Pro with you every day
through airports, hotels and business meetings then investing in a 17" model might prove to be too cumbersome a
companion for you. Then a 13" model is appropriate. If a larger screen is needed an external display can be attached.
Likewise, if the majority of the work you do is stationary, with travel being relatively rare, both 15" and 17" MacBook
Pros are appropriate.
[edit]
MacRumors Examples
Here are some examples taken from posts on the MacRumors Forums of users stating what they'll be using their
MacBook Pro for and the overall recommendation for what model they should buy:
Our
Scenario Why?
recommendation
I'll be using the MacBook Pro

for graphic design and/ or
You'll benefit from the better screen size and resolution. If
movie editing. I plan to
17" MacBook Pro you move around quite frequently, a 15" MacBook Pro with
occasionally move around
an external display may be a better choice.
from place to place with the
MacBook Pro.
While a 17" MacBook Pro is thinner and lighter than some of

I require something I can the 15" Windows laptops, it is still quite heavy and large to be
take everywhere with me, but 15" MacBook Pro, carrying with you everywhere. It may be worth investing in an
I do demanding things like Higher Spec'd 13" external screen to extend your real estate when at home.
playing games and heavy MacBook Pro You should also consider a 13" MacBook Pro + an external
photo editing. monitor as a possible combination, as long as the
specifications meet your needs.
I just want something to surf

MacBook or 13" A 15" MacBook Pro would be overkill in this case, however, if
the Internet with, check
MacBook Pro. 15" you really want a bigger screen, then the 15" MacBook Pro
email, listen to some tunes
MacBook Pro would be fine if you have enough funds.
and word process with.
[edit]
MacBook Comparison
That brings up an important point: Before purchasing the relatively expensive MacBook Pro, consider purchasing a
MacBook. The MacBook comes in a polycarbonate enclosure, with a processor equivalent to the low-end MacBook
Pro. MacBooks are especially an option if you already have a desktop computer and simply want a second portable
computer. See the "Which Apple notebook should I buy?" guide for more information.
Which Apple desktop should I buy?

Deciding which Apple desktop is the best for you can be a tricky decision. This guide consolidates all the important
information into one handy page to help you make that decision.
Contents
[hide]
1 Release Cycle
2 Overview
3 Comparison - Price
4 Comparison - Power
5 Comparison - Features
6 How to Make An Informed Decision
7 See Also
[edit]
Release Cycle
Before considering a certain model, checking the MacRumors Buyer's Guide is highly recommended. The buyer's
guide estimates when a model will be updated by using past release cycle data, therefore letting you know when is
the best time to buy.
[edit]
Overview
Small, quiet and the most affordable Mac. Works great as a secondary computer or as a first Mac to
Mac mini
help introduce you to the platform.
iMac With its huge 16:9 screen and a sleek aluminium case the iMac is an eye-catching package.
Apple's most powerful Macs feature 8-cores of processing power and a lot of room for expansion.
Mac Pro Designed to handle even the heaviest of tasks. Quad-core model is generally poor value for money
given the power in the new 27" Core i7 iMac.
[edit]
Comparison - Price
Mac mini iMac Mac Pro
Low- High- Low-end Quad- Octo-
Server 21.5" 27" High-end 27"
end end 21.5" core core
USD $599 $799 $999 $1,199 $1,499 $1,699 $1,999 $2,499 $3,299
GBP 510 663 816 969 1,225 1,378 1,634 1,940 2,553
AUD $849 $1,099 $1,399 $1,599 $1,999 $2,199 $2,599 $3,599 $4,799
CND $649 $899 $1,099 $1,299 $1,599 $1,799 $2,099 $2,899 $3,799
For many, the most important factor is price. Remember to leave some extra money spare for BTO options such as
extra RAM and bigger HDDs, especially if you are purchasing a Mac Pro.
[edit]
Comparison - Power
2.26
Quad Octo
GHz 2.53 GHz Core 2
3.06 GHz Core 2 Duo 2.66 GHz Core i5 2.66 2.26
Core 2 Duo
GHz GHz
Duo
8 MB L3 cache, DMI,
Processo 3 MB L2 cache, 1066 8 MB L3 per
6 MB L2 cache, 1066 MHz FSB Turbo Boost to 3.2
r MHz FSB processor
GHz (3.46GHz BTO)
BTO to BTO to
BTO to
BTO to 2.8 GHz Core 2.93 or 2.66 or
2.53 No BTO options BTO to 3.33 GHz Core 2 Duo
i7 3.33 2.93
GHz
GHz GHz
Standard
2 GB 4 GB 3 GB 6 GB
RAM
Max RAM 4 GB 16 GB 32 GB
NVIDIA GeForce
NVIDIA GeForce 9400M - 256 MB ATI Radeon 4670 - ATI Radeon 4850 - 512
Graphics GT 120 - 512 MB
shared 256 MB GDDR3 MB GDDR5
GDDR3
A faster processor will show improvements in almost all applications. However, even the 2.26 GHz Mac mini has
enough power to run light applications such as web browsers, word processors and presentation software almost as
quickly as a high-end iMac. Differences will only be discernible when running multiple applications or more demanding
applications. Mac Pros use one or two Intel Quad-Core Xeon processors for a total of 4 or 8 processing cores. On top
of that, each core is capable of executing two threads at once via Intel's HyperThreading technology, allowing up to 16
"virtual cores." Similarly the Core i7 iMac also has hyper-threading for 8 virtual cores. This provides massive
performance gains providing the software can utilize all the cores.
More RAM also improves speed when multitasking or running heavy apps. Not enough RAM can cause your system
to slow down and "hang." It is recommended that you get as much RAM as you can afford. 2 GB is enough for light
users, but those with more demanding needs are recommended to get as much as they can afford. It should be noted
as well that while the Mac Pro has 8 memory slots, users will see slightly increased performance by installing RAM
modules in groups of 3 rather than two, due to the controller supporting triple channel memory.
Finally, the Mac mini and the low-end iMacs use integrated graphics unlike the other desktop Macs which use
dedicated graphics. If the user plans on playing any recent games, these models are not recommended as they will
play newer games on lower settings only. Those with the 4670 are able to run new games quite well and an iMac with
an 4850 should be able to handle most games.
The Mac Pro can be customized to include a Radeon 4870, and a GeForce GTX 285 is available from Apple or third
parties as an aftermarket add-in. A Quadro FX 4800 with 1.5 GBs of VRAM is also available but only recommended
for workstation usage.
[edit]
Comparison - Features
Up to 8x 30"
Up to 1920x1200 (Mini 1920x1080 (Internal), 2560x1440 (Internal), 2560x1600 displays
Display
DVI), 2560x1600 (MiniDP) 2560x1600 (External) (External) (2560x1600, total
20480x1600)
Dual
Storage 160 GB 320 GB 500 GB 1 TB 640 GB
500 GB
No
Optical 8x DL
Optical 8x DL SuperDrive 18x DL SuperDrive
Drive SuperDrive
Drive
Wireles Bluetooth 2.1 +
Wi-Fi (802.11n) and Bluetooth 2.1 + EDR
s EDR
5x USB 2.0, 4x FW
Ports 5x USB 2.0, 1x FW 800 4x USB 2.0, 1x FW 800
800
The iMac is Apple's only desktop to include a display. The display is a high quality IPS display with LED backlighting.
This provides incredible contrast and viewing angles without any loss of quality. Both the Mac mini and Mac Pro are
stand-alone machines and if necessary, the additional purchase of a display should be factored into the budget. A
possible downside is that the iMac uses a glossy display which provides high contrast, but suffers from additional
glare which some may find distracting. The iMac is also capable of extended desktop mode when connected to an
external display (up to 2560x1600). The Mac Pro can be customized to include up to four NVidia GeForce GT120
graphics cards allowing up to eight 30" displays to be used with a single Mac Pro.
A variety of Hard Drive sizes are available for all machines. However, the largest capacity for the Mac mini is 500GB
as configurable by Apple while the iMac can have up to 2 TB and the Mac Pro can be customized to 4 TBs.
All of the Mac desktop line up boast a SuperDrive (read and write both CDs and DVDs). The Mac Pro includes a
faster 16x DL SuperDrive and has a secondary bay for an additional optical drive.
[edit]
How to Make An Informed Decision
Obviously technical details cannot be enough to help buyers arrive at the right decision for them. As such, it is
advisable that you consider your needs carefully. It is perhaps best to start with a list of features you believe you must
have in order to do what you need/want to do with your Mac. If, for example, DVD burning is an activity you engage in
often or you want an all-in-one model, you can eliminate certain models.
[edit]
See Also

External Mouse Comparisons
This article or section is based on a forum post written by mainstreetmark.
This article is a (partial) list of available external mice, compatible with Mac OS X. If you use (or used) a mouse
that is not in this list, please add it.
Contents
[hide]
1 Mighty Mouse
1.1 Features
1.2 Pros
1.3 Cons
2 Microsoft IntelliMouse for Bluetooth
2.1 Features
2.2 Pros
2.3 Cons
3 Logitech MX900
3.1 Features
3.2 Pros
3.3 Cons
4 Logitech MX Revolution
4.1 Features
4.2 Pros
4.3 Cons
[edit]
Mighty Mouse
The Mighty Mouse, Apple's first ever multi-button mouse.
The Mighty Mouse is one of the more unique mice on the market, concealing four buttons without many visible
seams, compared to conventional multibutton mice. It features left and right click areas, a "squeeze" button and
a tiny track-ball type function on the top, called a Scroll Ball. The Scroll Ball allows for panning around in 360
degree, as opposed to the normal vertical (and sometimes horizontal) scrolling found in other mice. Click for
more info
[edit]
Features
Four customizable buttons
360 degree scrolling
USB interface
[edit]
Pros
The only mouse with a built in trackball
Seamless shell
Designed for Tiger by Apple
[edit]
Cons
Left and Right clicks cannot be simultaneous
[edit]
Microsoft IntelliMouse for Bluetooth
Intellimouse with USB Bluetooth adapter
The IntelliMouse has a nice, velvety feel to its skin, and features two thumb buttons, three finger buttons,
scrolling and sideways scrolling, achieved by tilting said scroll wheel back and forth. The sideways scrolling is
slow, similar to holding the right arrow key. The scroll speed is not influenced by pressing harder, considered a
disadvantage by some.
[edit]
Features
5 customizable buttons, plus scrollwheel and left-right scrolling
Wireless via Bluetooth (comes with an adapter)
[edit]
Pros
Nice feel
Long battery life, non-rechargable (unless you use your own rechargeable batteries). Unlike the MX900, it
shuts off after about 10 minutes of being still, and a "Connection Lost" notification can appear on the
computer. It wakes up with about 1 or 2 seconds of shaking.
Sideways scrolling, by means of tilting the scrollwheel left and right
Very small Bluetooth adapter
[edit]
Cons
Less buttons
Coating on thumb buttons wears off
Center wheel clicking can be unreliable. A click can be heard from the mouse, with no click-event reaching
the operating system.
Left and Right scrolling inaccessible as customizable mouse buttons, by default
[edit]
Logitech MX900
MX900 with charging station/bluetooth adapter
The Logitech MX900 has two thumb buttons, three finger buttons, plus three more smaller buttons, also used by
the fingers. Expos is able to address all of these.
[edit]
Features
Eight customizable buttons
Wireless via Bluetooth (via adapter in charging station)
Charging station
[edit]
Pros
Lots of buttons, all are Mac compatible out of the box
Smooth movement
[edit]
Cons
Short battery life of about 2-3 days between charges
The Bluetooth adapter is cumbersome and considered by some to be ugly. Four feet of power cord plugs into
another four feet of USB cable.
[edit]
Logitech MX Revolution
The Logitech MX Revolution is an extremely useful, wireless mouse when it comes to using OS X, and is
popular amongst regular users, gamers and professionals. It features a high powered, precision scroll wheel
and a very ergonomic design, which makes using the mouse a pleasure for many users. It also has three
programmable buttons and a scroll wheel-style button which can have different functions when moved forwards,
backwards or pressed in. The Scroll wheel can also be pushed from side to side, giving the mouse the option of
horizontal scroll, too.
[edit]
Features
Hyper-fast scroll wheel with two modes; Click-to-Click and Smooth-Scroll.
Three customizable buttons and a programmable wheel-like button.
The scroll wheel can be toggled from side to side to activate functions.
Ergonomic Design
[edit]
Pros
Very Customizable with provided software, and functions can be set specifically for each application.
Wireless and Rechargeable, unlike most wireless mice (which require batteries).
Vertical and Horizontal scroll (optional)
ANY key command can be assigned to buttons.
Good weight
Moves across surfaces with ease
[edit]
Cons
Requires dongle, but a Bluetooth version has recently been seen in the FCC files. Whether or not it will be
released, however, is a different story.
Buying a Mac Laptop Case or Sleeve

This article or section is based on a forum post written by Celeron.
Involved in the decision to buy a laptop sleeve or case are concerns regarding security, individuality, and
protection. Laptop sleeves are generally thought of as a thin layer of protection to prevent small scratches and
bumps that a laptop might experience when being carried within a larger non-custom bag such as a backpack.
Laptop cases are generally thought of as custom fit carrying cases for your laptop and potentially peripherals
that will protect the laptop from bumps, drops, and scratches. Many users find that they need both a sleeve and
a case for their laptops.
While many cases and sleeves advertise their fit based on the screen size of the laptop they are meant to
enclose, when purchasing a sleeve or case for an Apple laptop, it is best to purchase only sleeves or cases that
specifically, and solely, advertise fitting a single Apple laptop model. Since sleeves and cases should fit your
laptop snugly in order to offer the best level of protection, only a sleeve or case that has been designed
specifcally for your specific Apple laptop model will provide your laptop with adequate protection. It is also
important to note that 12-inch Apple PowerBooks and 12-inch Apple iBooks do not have the same dimensions,
and therefore, a case or sleeve designed for one will not fit the other, and a case or sleeve advertised to fit both
will most likely fit neither very well.
Contents
[hide]
1 List of manufacturers
1.1 Multiple Brand Retailers
1.2 Carrying cases and (maybe) sleeves

1.3 Sleeves only
[edit]
List of manufacturers
[edit]
Multiple Brand Retailers
eBags
[edit]
Carrying cases and (maybe) sleeves
Antenna
AcmeMade
Aussiebag
Axio
Booq
Brenthaven
Chrome Bags
Crumpler (US) (EU)
InCase
HARD GRAFT
MacCase
Manhattan Portage
Marware
moshi
My MacBook Case
Oakley
Pelican
RadTech
Samsonite
ShaggyMac
Shaun Jackson Design
SpireUSA
stm
Sumo Cases
Targus
Timbuk2
TomBihn
Tucano
Tumi
Waterfield Designs
Vaja Cases
WORKING CLASS HEROES
Zegari
[edit]
Sleeves only
BaooBaoo
becase Custom sized sleeves, optional embroidery, limited colours
Besitos Dulces Colourful, fluffy, girly, limited edition fabric sleeves
Foofbags More colourful and sometimes fluffy sleeves
Gecko Gear Plain black no-nonsense neoprene or nylon
GymsPacific Neoprene sleeves - some of which have designs printed on them
HARD GRAFT Lovely looking sleeves made of grey felt, some with leather trimmings
iDee "anti-shock" foam with corner tabs so you can use the laptop while in the case
iSkin Smart looking black fake-leather cases with choice of coloured trim. Corner tabs.
Pack & Smooch finest lifestyle accessories for iPhone, iPad, MacBook Pro (AIR)
MacCover Felt sleeves in ten bright colours
RadTech Lightweight fabric sleeves in nice muted colours
SeGai Bright neoprene covers
ShaggyMac Interesting looking hard cases by RhinoSkin and neoprene by CaseLogic
Shinza Polyurethane foam sleeves - orange, black and white
Simon & Cleo Designer sleeves for Macs and PCs
Speck Hard shells for Macs
Tucano Wide range of neoprene sleeves
iSync compatible cellphones

iSync is an Application included in Mac OS X for syncing your contacts, calendar and to do list entries with your
mobile phone. Generally most Sony Ericsson, Nokia and Motorola phones are supported, though the newest models
may not be. Apple Maintains several lists of supported cell phones which depend on which version of the Mac OS X
you are using. See the following links for more information.
Some PDA's are also supported and support is extendable to include other PDA's and Windows Mobile devices with
the Missing Sync.
[edit]
Tiger/Leopard (10.4/10.5)
These links are all for iSync 2.4/3.0.
Apple's devices list
Additional Nokia phone support
Additional Sony Ericsson phone support
[edit]
Jaguar/Panther (10.2/10.3)
iSync: Supported mobile phones in

Mac OS X v10.4, 10.5, and 10.6
iSync in Mac OS X provides built-in support for a
number of third-party mobile phones and mobile
devices. The mobile phones and devices listed below
are supported in Mac OS X v10.4.11, 10.5, and 10.6.
Notes
Support for more recent mobile devices is available via downloadable

plug-ins.
See the iSync 1.5 documentation for a list of mobile phones

supported in Mac OS X v10.3.9 or earlier.
Mobile phones and devices listed below are compatible with iSync 3.0
(Mac OS X v10.5 or later) and iSync 2.4 (Mac OS X v10.4.9 or later)
and are subject to change.
Supported PDAs
Palm OS PDAs (1)
Note: The following devices are only supported in Mac OS X v10.4 and 10.5. You will
need third-party software to sync Palm devices in Mac OS X v10.6 or later.
Palm Tungsten family
Palm Zire family
Other Palm OS PDAs and Pocket PC
Requires purchase of third-party software.
Supported mobile phones and mobile devices (2)
Motorola (3)
Motorola KRZR (K1)(4,8)
Motorola KRZR (K1m)(5,8)
Motorola V3m(4)
Motorola L2
Motorola PEBL
Motorola SLVR L7
Motorola ROKR
Motorola RAZR v3 (GSM)
Motorola RAZR v3i
Motorola RAZR v3c(5)

Motorola RAZR v3x
Motorola RAZR MAXX V6(4)
Motorola L6
Motorola T720
Motorola T730c
Motorola v60i/p/s/t/t color
Motorola v66
Motorola v80
Motorola v180
Motorola v188
Motorola v220
Motorola v226
Motorola v265
Motorola v276
Motorola v3xx(4)
Motorola v400
Motorola v500
Motorola v501
Motorola v505
Motorola v525
Motorola v535
Motorola v540
Motorola v547
Motorola v550
Motorola v551
Motorola v557
Motorola v600
Motorola v620
Motorola v635
Motorola v710(6)
Motorola c331g
Motorola c331t
Motorola c333g
Motorola c343
Motorola c350
Motorola E398
Motorola E550
Motorola E815
Samsung
Samsung D600(7)
Samsung D900(7)
Samsung X820(7)
Nokia
Nokia N70(4)
Nokia N80(4)
Nokia N90(4)
Nokia E61(4)
Nokia E62(4)
Nokia N71(4)
Nokia N72(4)
Nokia N73(4)
Nokia N91(4)
Nokia N93(4)
Nokia 3230
Nokia 3650
Nokia 3660
Nokia 3600
Nokia 3620
Nokia 6021
Nokia 6102
Nokia 6103
Nokia 6111
Nokia 6126(4)
Nokia 6131(4)
Nokia 6133(4)
Nokia 6230
Nokia 6230i
Nokia 6260
Nokia 6270
Nokia 6280
Nokia 6600
Nokia 6620
Nokia 6630
Nokia 6670
Nokia 6680
Nokia 6681
Nokia 6682
Nokia 6820
Nokia 6822
Nokia 7370
Nokia 7380
Nokia 7610
Nokia 7650
Nokia 8800
Nokia 8801
Nokia 9300i
Nokia N-Gage
Nokia N-Gage QD
Panasonic (7)
Panasonic X700
Panasonic X800
Sony Ericsson (7)
Sony Ericsson D750i(4)
Sony Ericsson K600i
Sony Ericsson K608i
Sony Ericsson K610i(4)
Sony Ericsson K700c/i
Sony Ericsson P800
Sony Ericsson P900
Sony Ericsson P910i/a/c
Sony Ericsson S700i
Sony Ericsson S710a

Sony Ericsson T608
Sony Ericsson T610
Sony Ericsson T616
Sony Ericsson T630
Sony Ericsson T637
Sony Ericsson T68i
Sony Ericsson V600i
Sony Ericsson V800
Sony Ericsson W300(4)
Sony Ericsson W800i(4)
Sony Ericsson W810i(4)
Sony Ericsson Z520i/a/c
Sony Ericsson Z525a(4)
Sony Ericsson Z530(4)
Sony Ericsson Z600
Sony Ericsson Z610(4)
Sony Ericsson Z1010

Sony Ericsson Z800i
Sony Ericsson Z800c
Sony Ericsson 802SE
Ericsson T39c
Ericsson R520
Ericsson T39m
Ericsson T68
Siemens (7)
Siemens SX1
Siemens S55
Siemens S56
Sendo (7)
Sendo X
Notes
1. To sync your Palm device, you must first have Palm Desktop 4.2.1 (or
later) installed.
2. Not all mobile phones may work in all geographies. Check with your
provider before purchasing.
3. Bluetooth and/or USB syncing except for Motorola v710.
4. Supports Bluetooth and USB syncing.
5. The Verizon version of this mobile phone does not support calendar
synchronization.
6. USB syncing only.

7. Bluetooth syncing only unless otherwise listed.
8. GSM only.
Supported Configurations
Address Book Address Book Calenda To Do

Device
Contacts Pictures r Items
Motorola phones (3)
Nokia Series 60 phones (7)
Nokia Series 40 phones (7)
Palm One phones and PDAs (1)
Panasonic Series 60 phones (7)
Sendo phones (7)
Siemens phones (7)
Sony Ericsson P800, P900 and P910

(7)
Sony Ericsson phones (7)

Some Japanese mobile phones or devices may require purchasing a third-party cable
from Reudo.
To accommodate enhancements in conjunction with Mac OS X 10.5 Leopard, iCloud no

longer supports syncing of calendars between a Mac OS X v10.3.x-based Mac and a Mac
running Mac OS X v10.4.x or 10.5.x. Syncing calendars between Mac computers running
only Mac OS X v10.3.9 is unaffected.
If you've receive a ".Mac Sync" alert message, you may be experiencing a compatibility
issue. .Mac (MobileMe) which is now iCloud, is separate from the iSync application
included in Mac OS X.
Buying RAM
This guide is meant to provide information about places to buy RAM for your Mac.
For installing your newly bought RAM see the Installing RAM guide.
Then complete your journey by testing your new RAM, following the Testing RAM guide.
Contents
[hide]
1 Basic information about RAM
2 CAS Latency requirements
2.1 Macbook Pro: classic 2011-2013 models, based on Sandy Bridge and Ivy Bridge CPUs
3 Dual/Triple channels and maximum amount of RAM
3.1 Basic information
3.2 Mac Pro
4 Which RAM to Buy

4.1 Macbook Pro
4.2 iMac
4.3 Mac Mini
4.4 Mac Pro
5 Will it make my machine faster?
6 Specific RAM requirements for PowerPC-based Macs
6.1 Mini
6.2 Powerbook
6.3 PowerMac
7 Important!
8 International purchases
9 After purchase
[edit]
Basic information about RAM
Example memory info in System Profiler
Before you purchase memory, you need to know what kind to get. To figure this out, you should search/ask at
MacRumors forums. You could check in the manual that came with your Mac as well, but keep in mind that Apple
does not specify the best possible specifications of memory upgrade. There will be a section on memory upgrades,
telling you what memory will perform the best. Warning: your listed bus speed is not always the same as your RAM
speed.
Key things to know:
Type: here you will see any number of acronyms, including DDR, DDR2, DDR3, FB-DIMM, and more. You
cannot substitute one type for another.
DDR memory is not backwards compatible: you cannot substitute DDR with DDR2/DDR3, or DDR2 with DDR3.
There's also ECC (error correcting RAM), which could be installed in recent Mac Pros.
Speed: could be expressed in MHz, or as PCX-Y number - where X stands for a DDR version number, and Y
for a maximum data transfer rate (MB/s)
Speed (MHz) DDR3-800 DDR3-1066 DDR3-1333 DDR3-1600 DDR3-1866 DDR3-2133

PCX-Y PC3-6400 PC3-8500 PC3-10600 PC3-12800 PC3-14900 PC3-17000
Format: You will usually see DIMM (desktop full sized modules) and SO-DIMM ('notebook' size modules).
Each format is divided to subformats by a number of pins.
Pins: Different physical sizes of memory chips usually have different numbers of pins. Common numbers for
current machines are 204 pins and 240 pins.
Macbook Pro and iMac are using 204-pin SO-DIMM.
Size: Different memory modules could accomodate different volumes of information.
[edit]
CAS Latency requirements
This is very important! If you will install the memory with an unsupported CAS Latency in your Mac, it will not boot up
at all or work unstable (constant kernel panics)
Before choosing a memory upgrade, you should find out the CAS Latency of Apple stock RAM which came with your
computer.
To do that, you should follow these steps:
Tear down your computer as if you are going to do a memory upgrade (could use Apple instruction)
Look at the installed memory's label

Write down the model number
Assemble your computer in reverse order
Google for the specifications of memory with a model number that you wrote down earlier
The clear example of CAS latency problem is a current Macbook Pro generation.
[edit]
Macbook Pro: classic 2011-2013 models, based on Sandy Bridge and Ivy Bridge
CPUs
RAM kits with CL >= 11 or CL <= 7 are known to cause problems (kernel panics). So, only RAM kits with CL8, CL9,
CL10 are left.
CL8 kits cannot be seen anywhere. CL10 kits are reported to work good by some users.
But, even if it is true, you should still prefer CL9 kits, because they are faster than CL10 kits.
Timings of CL9 RAM: 9-9-9-X, where X is tRas.
If tRas is not specified (9-9-9), then tRas = 9*3 = 27
The smaller tRas is, the faster RAM is.
[edit]
Dual/Triple channels and maximum amount of RAM
[edit]
Basic information
Dual-channel: RAM must be installed in matched pairs, pairs need not match other installed pairs.
Triple-channel: Pairing not required however the triple channel architecture means data bus bandwidth will be
optimized if RAM is installed in multiples of three.
Installing just two modules will underutilize the bandwidth and if four modules are installed, two modules will be forced
to share one of the 3 channels, slightly penalizing throughput.
To find out the maximum supported amount of RAM, follow these steps:
Go to "Apple" official website ---> "Mac" ---> Click your Mac image ---> "Tech specs"
Scroll about two screens down and copy the model number of your Mac
Paste it to Google and find the advanced technical specifications of your Mac model
Copy the model number of CPU (processor) and go to the Intel website
Find the technical specifications of CPU and check the maximum supported amount of RAM
[edit]
Mac Pro
2009 / 2010 "Nehalem" and 2011 / 2012
2008 "Penryn" and "Westmere" "Westmere"
Mac Pro
"Harpertown"
Quad-core Octo-core Six-core Twelve-core
Number of slots 8 4 8 4 8
Type of channel Dual Triple Triple
Maximum size of a memory
4GB 16GB 16GB
module
Total maximum size of RAM 32GB 64GB 128GB 64GB 128GB
[edit]
Which RAM to Buy
[edit]
Macbook Pro
RAM support in classic Macbook Pro models, based on Sandy Bridge and Ivy Bridge CPUs
Screen size Early 2011 Late 2011 Mid 2012
13" 2410M/2620M 2435M/2640M 3210M/3520M
15" 2635QM/2720QM/2820QM 2675QM/2760QM/2860QM 3615QM/3720QM/3820QM
17" 2720QM/2820QM 2760QM/2860QM --------------------
Annotations:
Bold CPU models support up to 1600MHz and 32GB RAM
Other CPU models support up to 1333MHz and 16GB RAM
8GB (2x4GB) 1600MHz CL9 RAM comparison

Model Works tRas Voltage Price in $
Kingston HyperX LoVo KHX16LS9P1K2/8 YES 27 1.35/1.5 70
Corsair Vengeance CMSX8GX3M2A1600C9 YES 24 1.5 57
Kingston HyperX KHX1600C9S3P1K2/8G YES 27 1.5 61
G.Skill F3-12800CL9D-8GBSQ YES 28 1.5 50
G.Skill F3-12800CL9D-8GBSK YES 28 1.5 60
AData XPG AXDS1600GC4G9-2 NO 24 1.35/1.5 65
Kingston HyperX KHX1600C9S3K2/8GX NO 27 1.5 55
16GB (2x8GB) 1600MHz CL9 RAM comparison

Model Works tRas Voltage Price in $
Kingston HyperX LoVo KHX16LS9P1K2/16 YES 27 1.35/1.5 129
Kingston HyperX KHX16S9P1K2/16 YES 27 1.5 127
Annotations:
The smaller tRas is, the faster RAM is.
Things marked in bold are good things, things marked in italic are bad things.
Some RAM does not work in MBP at 1600MHz - only at 1333MHz, because of XMP (eXtreme Memory
Profiles).
I have removed the heat spreader column: now, to reduce manufacturing costs,
some companies are using confusing stickers which look like a real heat spreader.
[edit]
iMac
iMac table: maximum possible speed of RAM inside iMacs from different generations, and recommendations.
These tables should be identical to Macbook Pro tables,
for iMac 2011-2013 models which are based on Sandy Bridge and Ivy Bridge CPUs.
[edit]
Mac Mini
Mac Mini tables: maximum possible speed of RAM inside Mac Mini from different generations, and recommendations.
These tables should be identical to Macbook Pro tables,
for Mac Mini 2011-2013 models which are based on Sandy Bridge and Ivy Bridge CPUs.
[edit]
Mac Pro
Mac Pro table: maximum possible speed of RAM inside Mac Pro from different generations, and recommendations.
Left blank until new Mac Pro comes out.
[edit]
Will it make my machine faster?
Taking your foot off the brake does not make your car go faster - it just discontinues slowing it down. Less reading and
writing back and forth to your slow hard drive.

Increasing the memory in the Mac does not increase the Mac's speed - rather it removes slowdowns that result from
your programs and data not having enough memory. When there isn't enough memory for all you are doing, operating
system is forced to swap memory space on and off the hard drive. Because hard drives are much slower than RAM,
this slows the machine down overall.
How much your machine slows down depends on how you are using it. If you use just one program at a time, and
don't open large data sets, then you may not notice a speed difference with more RAM.
If you regularly multitask many programs, or use 'hungry' programs:
video, audio and photo editing software (Final Cut Pro, Adobe Premier Pro, Photoshop)
hardware emulation virtualization software (Parallels, VMWare, VirtualBox)
then you should see noticeable improvement with 8 GB or 16 GB RAM.
When you are running multiple programs at once, more RAM makes switching from one program to another faster,
because operating system can cache the previous program's memory in 'inactive' memory for a longer time before it
has to get flushed out to make room.
[edit]
Specific RAM requirements for PowerPC-based Macs
[edit]
Mini
Mini G4
PC2700 DDR (333 MHz) DIMM, 1 slot, max. 1 Gb (1 x 1 GB) (These machines are very sensitive to out of spec RAM
- generic PC DIMMs are not recommended)
[edit]
Powerbook
Powerbook G4
"Titanium" models (400 MHz - 1 GHz): PC133 SODIMMs, 2 slots, max. 1 GB (2 x 512 MB)
"Aluminum" 12" models (867 MHz - 1.5 GHz): PC2700 DDR (333 MHz) SODIMM, 1 slot, max. 1.25 GB (1 x 1 GB +
built in 256)
"Aluminum" 15" and 17" screen models (1.0 GHz - 1.67 GHz pre-October 2005): PC2700 DDR (333 MHz) SODIMM,
2 slots, max. 2 GB (2 x 1 GB)

Note: The 1.0 GHz 15" and 17", the 1.25 GHz 15" and the 1.33 GHz 17" require special processor-
slewing compatible modules;
common PC2700 SODIMMs will not work. Choose a seller who knows the difference and offers
RAM that is specifically compatible with your model Powerbook.
"Aluminum" 15" and 17" 1.67 GHz models (HD Screen / DL Superdrive models introduced Oct. 19 2005): PC2-4200
DDR2-533 MHz SODIMMs, 2 slots, max. 2 GB (2 x 1 GB)
[edit]
PowerMac
PowerMac G3
Blue and White G3 tower, "Yosemite" motherboard 256 MB PC100 DIMMs, requires low density modules, max 1 GB
with 4 x 256 MB. These machines will not use 512 MB DIMMs
Beige G3 desktop and mini tower, 256 MB PC66 DIMMs, requires low density modules, max 768 MB with 3 x 256 MB.
These machines will not use 512 MB DIMMs. Desktop models require low profile modules.
PowerMac G4
G4 PCI Graphics "Yikes" motherboard 300, 350, 400 MHz: PC100 DIMMs, 4 slots, max 1 GB with 4 x 256 MB low
density DIMMs. These machines will not use 512 MB DIMMs
G4 AGP graphics "Sawtooth", Graphite, Gigahertz, Power2Burn and Quicksilver models: PC133 DIMMs 3 or 4 slots,
max 1.5 GB with 3 x 512 MB DIMMs.
G4 Mirror Drive Door models: PC2700 DIMMs, 4 slots, max 2 Gb with 4 x 512 MB DIMMs. (It has been reported that 2
x 1 GB DIMMs could be used, but the other 2 sockets then have to be left empty, this is not recommended)
PowerMac G5
Single and Dual-Processor PCI/PCIX bus machines prior to Oct. 19 2005: PC3200 DDR (400 MHz) DIMMs, 4 or 8
slots, max. 4 GB or 8 GB (4 or 8 x 1GB)
Dual-core PCI-e bus machines (introduced Oct 19 2005): PC2-4200 DDR2-533 MHz DIMMs, 4 slots, max. 16 GB (4 x
2GB)
[edit]
Important!
Apple's prices for memory upgrade (as well as for hard drives upgrade) are outrageously high.
Also, RAM sold by Apple is not the fastest possible RAM that is supported by your Mac. Get a Mac with a stock
RAM and upgrade later.

Apple buys Samsung, Hynix and Micron RAM modules in bulk. There is nothing special about Apple
branded memory.
Buy RAM only from a large brand - that will greatly reduce the risk of getting faulty RAM, and also you will
have a warranty - maybe even lifetime!
Always test RAM immediately after purchase - branded RAM could be faulty as well.
Buy RAM only from established and reputable sellers. Scammers could sell you a faulty RAM and refuse to
make a refund.
If you are going to buy at eBay, avoid sellers with a small rating or a short history: they could be scammers!
[edit]
International purchases
When purchasing from outside your country, while the seller may advertise "no taxes or extra charges" you are almost
certainly going to be charged for some or all of: VAT/GST/local tax, duties, customs brokerage fees, and/or
advancement fees when the package arrives in your country. UPS Ground courier is notorious for charging low
shipping costs but sky-high brokerage costs. These fees can substantially increase the cost of your purchase. Air
freight is expensive, but often includes the customs brokerage, so it may be a wash against the cost of ground +
brokerage. The least expensive way to import goods is through normal postal parcel mail. Unfortunately, that is also
the method that is most prone to loss or theft. Always insist on a shipping method that includes insurance and a
tracking number. In addition, if there is any warranty issue with your internationally purchased RAM, you can expect to
pay shipping costs and customs clearing costs both ways, which can be expensive.
[edit]
After purchase
Move on to Installing RAM and then Testing RAM. Enjoy!
Testing RAM
Not all RAM is created equal. Some brands and types will work flawlessly, while others will not. Some memory is so
bad that it's obvious: the machine won't boot, or crashes almost immediately. Others can be more subtle, silently
corrupting your data in ways that you may not notice until it's too late. It is recommended that you test any new
memory (or the existing memory in a new computer) as soon as it's installed. As with all electronics you should also
consider the hardware burn-in period where most problems will first crop up. If you get through the first 30 days or so
without issues, chances are you'll be good for years to come.

Contents
[hide]
1 Apple Hardware Test
2 Memtest86
3 Memtest
4 Memtest Alternatives
5 Test Results
6 See also
[edit]
Apple Hardware Test
While the Apple Hardware Test CD or DVD that comes with every new Mac includes a memory tester, it is widely
regarded as inadequate. Many machines with real memory problems will erroneously pass the tests done by the
Apple Hardware Test.
[edit]
Memtest86
Memtest86 performs a very thorough set of tests designed to uncover even the most subtle memory flaws. It is
multicore and multiprocessor aware and scanning speed is reduced thankfully. This application requires the Mac is
booted from a CD or USB device using an .iso image downloaded from the developers website. Not booting up the
entire operating system allows the memory test to access the full memory of the Mac instead of just the unused
portion as the case with other tools.
Depending on the speed of your Mac, the amount of memory installed, and the number of test iterations,
Memtest86 may take several minutes to several hours.
Once you're finished, you can restart to a normal bootup by pressing the 'escape' key or power button.
[edit]
Memtest
Memtest performs a very thorough set of tests designed to uncover even the most subtle memory flaws.
Memtest is a Command Line application, but the supplied documentation will walk you through the process
even if you're unfamiliar with the Mac OS X command line.
It is best used in Mac OS X's single-user mode. Before testing, restart your Mac in single-user mode, holding
Command+S buttons while restarting.
Run the program for several iterations, to make sure your RAM passes the stress test.
Depending on the speed of your Mac, the amount of memory installed, and the number of test iterations,
Memtest may take several minutes to several hours.
Once you're finished, you can restart to a normal bootup by typing reboot at the command prompt.
[edit]
Memtest Alternatives
There are some free alternatives to Memtest:
Rember is a graphical user interface wrapped around an older version of Memtest. It may be easier for
inexperienced users, but comes with a couple of drawbacks:
It uses an older version of Memtest which may not contain the very latest memory checking
algorithms.
It must run while Mac OS X is fully loaded and using more memory, which means that it cannot test
as much of your memory as Memtest can in single-user mode.
Memtest is released under the free GNU General Public License, so you might be able to find an older
version that is free to download somewhere else.
You can build memtester from source by going through a simple "make" step, as described on the website
and in its README file. Once built, you still need to boot into single-user mode by holding down Command
("Apple") and "S" buttons during startup, "cd" into where you placed memtester, type "top" to find out the amount
of available memory, run memtester and reboot afterwards by typing "shutdown -r now"
Swap Test - If you suspect a memory issue, one of the easiest and most powerful tests is to simply remove
half (for example) of your RAM and run the machine with half installed. If the system seems fine then swap one
piece for one and run it again. This simple method will definitively zero in on a faulty module, even where many of
the other tests don't.

[edit]
Test Results
If you completed all testing with no errors, congratulations...maybe. There is still the possibility of intermittent, thermal
or other issues not fully addressed in these broad tests. If there were errors, check your warranty status and/or seller's
return policy. The memory chips should be exchanged for ones that work.
[edit]

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Mac Beginner's

1.1 Getting to know OS X

1.2 Keyboard Shortcuts

1.3 Other nifty Mac OS X hints

1.4 Mac OS X guides

1.5 Apple software guides

1.6 3rd party software guides

1.7 Hardware guides

2 Troubleshooting - When something doesn't work

3.1 Media players

3.2 Web browsers

3.3 System Utilities

3.4 Instant Message Clients

3.5 IRC clients

3.6 RSS Readers

3.7 DVD/CD copying and burning

3.8 FTP Applications

3.10 Text/Office apps

3.12 Other apps

3.13 Scripts and other haxxies

3.14 App enhancements

4 Useful Mac related websites

4.1 Apple's pages

4.2 Desktop Pictures and Icons

4.3 Hints and Scripts

5.3 Gadgets and Mac accessories

7.1 MacRumors (Please read before posting)

The Mac OS X interface (How to use OS X)

Customize My Mac: Introduction (Change icons, etc.)

Connect and Use My Devices: Introduction (Scanners, modems, printers, etc.)

Keyboard shortcuts of OS X and other apps

How to change system keyboard shortcuts

How to use the built-in Dictionary

(or "Compress", if running on Leopard) from the menu

iPhoto, pics on mail to send, etc.)

How to install applications - read this guide to installing applications in OS X

CleanGenius to remove unneeded applications.

How to import email from MS Outlook into Apple Mail

How to take screenshots in Mac OS X

Networking Windows with Mac OS X

How to remotely control another Mac

How to install Tiger without DVD

How to video/audio chat with a PC user

Booting Windows on the Mac

How to make security copies of your DVDs

How to make your videos iPod compatible

How to check your hard drive and measures when it is failing

MacUpdate - the same as above

or see the Finding Mac Software article for more information.

(f) free (s) shareware (c) commercial

QT WMV codec (c) - to play WMV in QuickTime

mPlayer (f) - the same as VLC

Real Player (f) - the Mac version of Real Player

Firefox (f) - a popular cross-platform browser

integration with OS X (Spotlight, Keychain, Bonjour, etc.)

OmniWeb (c) - another web browser with a lot of features

to include features such as tabbed browsing and voice support.

Adium, so if you get Adium you'll have Growl)

Butler (f) - another application launcher

OnyX (f) - maintenance, system optimization and personalization utility

See the Adium article for more information.

aMSN (f) - an open-source MSN client with webcam support

Xchat (f) - IRC client ported from Linux

Conversation (f) - another IRC client with a nice Aqua interface