Experiment 8: Manchester Encode and Decode

ECE 423L
Name: Karen Lyn C. Marco February 20, 2017
Year and Section: 4ECE-A

OBSERVATION:

This experiment focuses on another type of line encoding such as Bipolar coding.
This time, the topic is all about Biphase coding. A Biphase coding is a process, effective
for synchronization problems. Biphase encoding works by changing the signal in the
middle of the bit interval, however, the signal does not then return to zero, it continues to
the opposite pole. One of the most common biphase coding technique is Manchester
coding.

1. MANCHESTER ENCODING:

Manchester encoding involves an XNOR gate to compare the data signal, clock
signal and data after encoding. The Manchester encoder circuit is as follows.

The hardware implementation for

Manchester encoding using XNOR was
just recently discovered by DEL. Before,
complicated or programmable devices
are used for this type of encoding.
The data streams or output of the
Manchester encoder is shown below:

INPUTS:
Clock: 2kHz
Data: 1kHz

LOGIC 1
 Experiment 8: Manchester Encode and Decode

ECE 423L
Observe that at logic 1 (+5V), first bit time
t=491.935us of the data bit input, two
phases of the output streams are produced:
positive and negative 2.5V
During the first half of the first bit time,
92.008ms: positive voltage level is acquired
which is +2.5V.

Logic 1 While during at the second half of the first

bit time, 92.500ms: negative voltage level is
acquired which is -2.5V.
In other words, when the data bit is "1", the
signal amplitude at first 1/2 bit time is
positive voltage level and the other 1/2 bit
time is negative voltage level.

LOGIC 0

Observe that at data input logic 0 (0V),

second bit time t=500us also produced two
phases in the output: positive and negative
2.5V
During the first half of the second bit time,
92.5ms: negative voltage level is acquired
which is -2.5V.
While during at the second half of the
second bit time, 93ms: positive voltage level
is acquired which is +2.5V.
When the data bit is "0", the signal
amplitude at first 1/2 bit time is negative
voltage level and the other 1/2 bit time is
positive voltage level.

The period of one complete cycle is approximately 1000us.

 Experiment 8: Manchester Encode and Decode

ECE 423L
2. MANCHESTER DECODING:

The Manchester decoder circuit is shown below:

Basically, the expected output from a decoder circuit is an exact replica of the
input data signal that was applied to the Manchester encoder circuit. The output
waveform of the decoder is shown below:

OUTPU

INPUT

Observe that, the output waveform of the decoder compared to the input data bit
is at the same phase. However, the amplitude of the output waveform decreased.

CONCLUSION:
 Experiment 8: Manchester Encode and Decode

ECE 423L
Manchester encoding is just like binary phase-shift keying (BPSK), where the
data controls the phase of a square wave carrier whose frequency is the data
rate.

Manchester code always has a transition at the middle of each bit period and
may (depending on the information to be transmitted) have a transition at the
start of the period also. The direction of the mid-bit transition indicates the data.
Transitions at the period boundaries do not carry information. They exist only to
place the signal in the correct state to allow the mid-bit transition. The existence
of guaranteed transitions allows the signal to be self-clocking.

Manchester code ensures frequent line voltage transitions, directly proportional

to the clock rate; this helps clock recovery. The DC component of the encoded
signal is not dependent on the data and therefore carries no information, allowing
the signal to be conveyed conveniently by media (e.g., Ethernet) which usually
do not convey a DC component.

REFERENCES:
http://www.erg.abdn.ac.uk/users/gorry/course/phy-pages/man.html
http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?
doi=10.1.1.190.4744&rep=rep1&type=pdf
http://everything2.com/title/Bi-Phase+encoding