Vforum - VN GiaoTrinhAccess2010 PDF

Gio trnh Access Trung tm Tin hc
Chng 1
TNG QUAN V MICROSOFT ACCESS 2010
1.1. Gii thiu:
Microsoft Access l mt thnh phn trong b Microsoft Office ca
hng Microsoft. MS Access cung cp cho ngi dng giao din
thn thin v cc thao tc n gin, trc quan trong vic xy dng
v qun tr c s d liu cng nh xy dng cc ng dng c s d
liu.
Access l mt h qun tr c s d liu quan h (RDMS- Relational
Database Management System), rt ph hp cho cc bi ton qun
l va v nh. Hiu nng cao v c bit d s dng do giao din
ging cc phn mm khc trong b MS Office nh MS Word, MS
Excel.
Access cn cung cp h thng cng c pht trin kh mnh i km
(Development Tools) gip cc nh pht trin phn mm n gin
trong vic xy dng trn gi cc d n phn mm qun l qui m
va v nh
MS Access 2010 cung cp h thng cng c rt mnh, gip ngi
dng nhanh chng v d dng xy dng chng trnh ng dng
thng qua query, form, report kt hp vi mt s lnh Visual Basic.
Trong Microsoft Access 2010, bn c th xy dng c s d liu
web v a chng ln cc SharePoint site. Ngi duyt SharePoint
c th s dng ng dng c s d liu ca bn trong mt trnh
duyt web, s dng SharePoint xc nh ai c th xem nhng g.
Nhiu ci tin mi h tr kh nng a d liu ln web, v cng
cung cp li ch trong vic xy dng c s d liu trn my n
truyn thng.
Access 2010 giao din ngi dng cng thay i. Nu bn
khng quen vi Office Access 2007, Ribbon v Ca s Danh mc
chnh c th l mi cho bn. Thanh Ribbon ny thay th cc menu
v thanh cng c t phin bn trc. Ca s Danh mc chnh thay
th v m rng cc chc nng ca ca s Database.
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V mt im mi trong Access 2010, Backstage View cho php
bn truy cp vo tt c cc lnh p dng cho ton b c s d liu,
nh l thu gn v sa cha, hoc cc lnh t menu File.
Cc lnh c b tr trn cc tab pha bn tri ca mn hnh, v
mi tab cha mt nhm cc lnh c lin quan hoc cc lin kt. V
d, nu bn nhn New, bn s thy tp hp cc nt cho php bn
to ra mt c s d liu mi t u, hoc bng cch chn t mt
th vin ca c s d liu cc mu thit k chuyn nghip.
1.2. Khi ng Access 2010:
khi ng MS Access
ta c th dng mt trong
cc cch sau:
Cch 1: Start (All)
Programs Microsoft
Office Microsoft
Office Access 2010.
Cch 2: Double click
vo shortcut Ms Access
trn desktop, xut hin
ca s khi ng Access nh hnh.
1.3. Cc thnh phn trong ca s khi ng:
1.3.1. Thanh Quick Access:
Thanh cng c Quick Access: Hin
th bn tri ca thanh tiu , mc
nh thanh Quick Access gm cc nt
cng c Save, Undo,
Bn phi ca Quick Access cha nt
Customize, khi c s d liu ang
m, nu click nt Customize s xut
hin mt menu gip bn ch nh cc
nt lnh hin th trn thanh Quick
Access, nu cc lnh khng c trong
menu, bn c th click nt More
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Commands hoc
click phi trn
thanh Quick
Access chn
Customize Quick
Access Toolbar.
thm nt lnh
vo Quick Access,
bn chn lnh
trong khung choose
commands from,
click nt Add click OK.
1.3.2. Vng lm vic:
Khi khi ng Access, trong ca s khi ng, mc nh tab File
v lnh New trong tab File c chn, ca s c chia thnh 3
khung:
Khung bn tri gm cc lnh trong tab File
Khung gia: cha cc loi tp tin c s d liu m bn c
th to mi.
Khung bn phi: nhp tn v chn v tr lu tp tin mi
to v thc thi lnh to mi c s d liu.
1.3.3. Thanh Ribbon:
Bn di thanh tiu , Access 2010 hin th cc nt lnh trn mt
thanh di c gi l Ribbon, thanh Ribbon c th chim nhiu
khng gian mn hnh, ta c th thu nh kch thc ca Ribbon bng
cch click nt Minimize The Ribbon
Thanh Ribbon
c to bi nhiu
tab khc nhau,
truy cp vo mt
tab bn c th click
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trn nhn ca tab hoc dng phm tt. Nhn phm Alt hoc F10
hin th tn ca cc phm tt ca cc tab.
Hu ht cc tab trn Ribbon c chia thnh tng nhm khc nhau,
mi nhm hin th tiu con bn di ca nhm. Mt s nhm
trong Ribbon c hin th nt , khi click nt ny s xut hin ca
s cho php thit lp cc thuc tnh ca nhm tng ng.
1.3.4. Ca s Properties
Ca s Properties gip bn c th
hiu chnh thuc tnh ca i
tng, ty theo i tng ang
c chn m ca s thuc tnh
s cha nhng thuc tnh tng
ng ca i tng .
m ca s Properties, bn
chn i tng mun thay i
thuc tnh, chn tab Design hoc
nhn t hp phm Atl +Enter
Ca s Properties c chia
thnh nm nhm
Format: Gm cc thuc tnh
nh dng i tng
Data: Gm cc thuc tnh truy sut d liu ca i tng.
Event: Gm cc s kin (event) ca i tng.
Other: Gm cc thuc tnh gip bn to h thng menu,
toolbars,
All: Gm tt c cc thuc tnh trong bn nhm trn.
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1.3.5. Thanh Navigation Pane
Navigation Pane l khung cha ni
dung chnh ca c s d liu. T khung
Navigation Pane, bn c th m bt k
Table, Query, Form, Report, Macro,
hoc module trong c s d liu bng
cch double click vo tn ca i tng.
Bng cch click phi vo tn ca i
tng trong Navigation Pane, bn c th
thc hin cc thao tc vi i tng nh:
i tn, sao chp, xo, import, export
mt i tng
Nhn phm F11 hoc click vo mi tn kp gc trn bn phi ca
khung Navigation Pane hin th hoc n khung Navigation
Pane.
1.4. Cch to tp tin c s d liu:
1.4.1. To mt c s d liu mi rng:
Ti ca s khi ng, click nt Blank Database.
File name: nhp tn tp tin c s d liu, trong Access 2010,
tp tin c s d liu c lu vi tn c phn m rng l
.accdb.
Nu khng ch
nh ng dn
th mc nh tp
tin mi to s
c lu trong
th mc
Document, ngc
li, click nt
Brows ch
nh v tr lu tp
tin. Click nt
Create to tp tin c s d liu.
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1.4.2. To c s d liu theo mu (Template)
Ti ca s khi ng.
Chn Sample Templatechn mt mu c s d liu c sn.
Trong khung File name, nhp tn tp tin c s d liu v click
nt Browse ch nh v tr lu tp tin, Click nt create
to c s d liu.
1.5. Qun l c s d liu
Sau khi to c s d liu, hoc m mt c s d liu th Tab File s
hin th cc lnh qun l tp tin c s d liu.
1.5.1. Recent:
Mc Recent hin th
danh sch cc tp tin c
s d liu c m gn
nht. S tp tin hin th
trong danh sch ny mc
nh l 9, c th thay i
bng cch:
Ti ca s lm vic
ca Access, chn
tab File.
Chn Options
Client Settings
Trong mc Display,
thay i gi tr ca
thuc tnh Show
This Number Of
Recent Documents
Click OK.
1.5.2. M mt c s d liu:
m mt c s d liu c ta thc hin mt trong cc cch sau:
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Cch 1:
Ti ca s khi ng, trong tab File Open
Chn tp tin c s d liu cn mOpen.
Cch 2:
Double click vo tn tp tin cn m.
1.5.3. Thot khi access:
C th thot khi Access bng mt trong cc cch:
Chn menu File Exit
Nhn t hp phm Alt + F4;
Hoc s dng nt Close trn ca s Access ang m.
1.5.4. Thu gn v chnh sa c s d liu (Compact &
Repair Database)
Khi to thm i tng trong c s d liu th dung lng ca tp
tin c s d liu s tng ln, khi xa mt i tng th vng nh
ca n s rng, nhng khng s dng c.
Chc nng Compact & Repair Database gip thu hi li phn b
nh b rng, lm cho tp tin c s d liu gn li.
Cch thc hin:
M c s d liu cn thu gn v chnh sa
Click nt Compact & Repair Database
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1.5.5. To password
M c s d liu ch
Exclusive bng
cch: File Open
Open Exclusive.
Chn tab File Chn
lnh Info Click nt
set Database Password
Nhp Password 2 ln
OK
1.5.6. G b password
M c s d liu ch Exclusive: File Open Open
Exclusive
Trong tab File, chn lnh InfoClick nt UnSet Database
Password.
1.6. Cc i tng trong c s d liu trong Access
C s d liu l
mt tp hp nhng
s liu lin quan
n mt mc ch
qun l, khai thc
d liu no ,
CSDL trong Access
l c s d liu
quan h gm cc
thnh phn: Tables,
Querys, Forms,
Reports, Pages,
Macros, Modules.
1.6.1. Bng (Tables):
Table l thnh phn quan trng nht ca tp tin c s d liu
Access, dng lu tr d liu. Do y l i tng phi c
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to ra trc. Bn trong mt bng, d liu c lu thnh nhiu ct
v nhiu dng.
1.6.2. Truy vn (Queries):
Query l cng c ngi s dng truy vn thng tin v thc hin
cc thao tc trn d liu. Ngi s dng c th s dng ngn ng
SQL hoc cng c QBE thao tc trn d liu.
1.6.3. Biu mu (Forms):
Form l cng c thit k giao din cho chng trnh, dng
cp nht hoc xem d liu. Biu mu gip thn thin ha qu trnh
nhp, thm, sa, xa v hin th d liu.
1.6.4. Bo co (Reports):
Report l cng c gip ngi dng to cc kt xut d liu t cc
bng, sau nh dng v sp xp theo mt khun dng cho trc
v c th in ra mn hnh hoc my in.
1.6.5. Tp lnh (Macros):
Macro l mt tp hp cc lnh nhm thc hin mt lot cc thao tc
c qui nh trc. Tp lnh ca Access c th c xem l mt
cng c lp trnh n gin p ng cc tnh hung c th.
1.6.6. B m lnh (Modules):
L cng c lp trnh trong mi trng Access m ngn ng nn
tng ca n l ngn ng Visual Basic for Application. y l mt
dng t ng ha chuyn su hn tp lnh, gip to ra nhng hm
ngi dng t nh ngha. B m lnh thng dnh cho cc lp
trnh vin chuyn nghip.
Cng c to cc i tng trong Access c t chc thnh tng
nhm trong tab Create ca thanh Ribbon
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1.7. Thao tc vi cc i tng trong c s d liu:
lm vic trn i tng, ta chn i tng
trn thanh Access object, cc thnh vin ca
i tng s xut hin bn di tn ca i
tng.
1.7.1. To mi mt i tng:
Click tab Create trn thanh Ribbon.
Trong nhm cng c ca tng i tng,
chn cch to tng ng.
1.7.2. Thit k li mt i tng:
Nu i tng ang ng:
Click phi trn i tng cn thit k li.
Chn Design view.
Nu i tng ang m:
Click nt Design View.
1.7.3. Xem ni dung trnh by ca mt i tng:
Nu i tng ang m ch Design View
Click nt View.
Nu i tng ang ng:
Click phi trn tn i tng cn xem.
Chn Open.
1.7.4. Xa mt i tng.
Click phi chut trn i tng cn xa,
Chn mc delete trn Menu Popup.
Hoc chn ri nhn phm Delete. Hoc nt trn thanh cng
c.
1.7.5. i tn i tng
Click phi chut trn i tng, chn rename,
Hoc nhn F2
Nhp tn mi.
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1.7.6. Sao chp mt i tng
Click phi chut ln thnh vin cn chp
Chn mc copy chp i tng vo Clipboard.
Click nt Paste trn thanh Menu chp vo ca s database.
Nhp tn cho i tng sao chp.
i vi kiu i tng Table, ta c th la chn 1 trong 3
kiu sao chp
Structure only: Sao chp cu trc
Structure and data:
Sao chp cu trc v
d liu
Append Data to
Exiting Table: Thm
d liu vo mt bng
ang tn ti.
1.7.7. Chp d liu t Access sang ng dng khc
(Export).
C th xut d liu sang c s d liu Access khc, hoc
Excel,Word, Pdf
Cch thc hin:
Chn i tng mun xut sang ng dng khc.
Chn tab External Data.
Trong nhm cng c Export, chn loi ng dng m bn
mun xut d liu: Excel, Text file, XML file, Word,
Access
Click nt Browse ch nh v tr xut d liu.

Click OK hon tt vic export d liu.
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1.7.8. Chp d liu t ng dng khc vo c s d liu
Access hin hnh (Import)
C th chp d liu t ng dng khc nh Excel, ODBC Database,
XML file, Access, vo c s d liu hin hnh.
Cch thc hin:
Chn tab External Data.

Trong nhm lnh Import & Link, chn ng dng m bn
mun chp d liu.
Ln lt lm theo cc bc hng dn ca Access.
a. Chp d liu t Excel vo Access
Trong ca s lm vic ca Access, chn tab External Data,
click nt Excel trong nhm lnh Import & Link.
Chn tp tin Excel cn chp (Click nt Browse tm
tp tin Excel)Open
OK, sau thc hin theo cc bc hng dn ca Access
+ Chn sheet cha d liu cn chp, Next.
+ Chn dng lm tiu cho bng, Next.
+ Ch nh thuc tnh cho cc field Next.

+ Chn cch to kha cho bng
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Let Access add primary key: Access t to kha.
Chose my own primary key: Bn ch nh kha.
No primary key: Khng to kha.
+ Nhp tn cho bng Finish.
+ Access hin th thng bo cho bit hon tt qu trnh
import mt file Excel thnh mt bng trong Access.
b. Chp d liu t c s d liu Access khc vo c s

d liu hin hnh.
Trong ca s lm vic
ca Access, chn tab
External Data, click nt
Access trong nhm lnh
Import & Link.
Chn tp tin Access
cha d liu cn chp
(Click nt Browse
tm tp tin Access)
Open.
Chn ty chn Import
table, query, form,
report, macro and
modules into the
current database
ch nh v tr lu tr d
liu trong c s d liu
hin hnhOK
Trong ca s Import
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object, chn i tng cn chp. C th chn nhiu ng
thi i tng hoc chn tt c bng cch click nt Select
AllOK.
1.7.9. Chc nng Link
Chc nng Link trong Acces
duy tr mi lin kt vi d
liu ngun. Nu d liu ngun
thay i th d liu trong bng
lin kt s thay i theo v
ngc li.
Cch thc hin tng t nh
chc nng Import, nhng trong
ca s Get External Data, ta
chn ty chn Link to data
source by creating a link table Chn bng mun link OK
1.8. Chn giao din ngi dng trong Access 2010
Cc phin bn trc y ca Access cung cp ch mt loi giao
din ngi dng duy nht l cc ca s c th chng ln nhau. Bt
u vi Access 2007, v by gi trong Access 2010, bn c s la
chn ca vic s dng cc giao din truyn thng hoc loi giao
din mi c dng cc tab.
1.8.1. Tabbed Documents
Tabbed Documents l giao din l tng cho ngi dng lm
vic vi nhiu hn mt i tng ti mt thi im. Trong giao
din ny form v report khng th nm trn u trang ca mt khc
v ngi dng c th xem tt c cc iu khin trn mt i tng
giao din ngi dng m khng cn phi di chuyn mt i tng
trong ng i.
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1.8.2. Overlapping Windows
Overlapping Windows c li th hn. Do s a dng ca vic
thit lp thuc tnh BorderStyle v kh nng loi b cc nt Min,
Max, v Close.
Vi giao din Overlapping Windows, bn c th d dng buc
ngi dng tng tc vi mt form ti mt thi im.
1.8.3. Chuyn t giao din Tabbed Documents sang

Overlapping Windows
i vi Access 2007 v Access 2010 th khi khi ng mc nh l
giao din Tabbed Documents chuyn sang dng Overlapping
Windows ta thc hin nh sau:
Trong ca s lm vic ca Access, chn tab File chn lnh
Options.
Trong ca s Access
options, chn
Current Database.
Trong mc
Document Window
Options
Chn Overlapping
WindowsOK
Thot khi Access
v khi ng li.
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Chng 2
XY DNG C S D LIU
Xy dng c s d liu l cng vic quan trng u tin trong ton
b qui trnh pht trin mt ng dng trn Access. Mt c s d liu
c thit k v xy dng tt s l nhng thun li trong qu trnh
pht trin ng dng.
2.1. Khi nim v c s d liu Access
Mt c s d liu Access bao gm tp hp cc bng d liu c
quan h cht ch, ph hp phc v lu tr d liu cho mt ng
dng qun l.
V d:
Mt c s d liu Qun l sinh vin bao gm tp hp cc bng d
liu: SINHVIEN, LOP, MONHOC, KETQUA c kt ni nhau
mt cch ph hp phc v vic lu tr d liu cho ng dng qun
l sinh vin. Cu trc c s d liu qun l sinh vin trong Access
c m t nh sau:
2.2. Bng d liu (Table)

2.2.1. Khi nim:
Bng (Table): L thnh phn c bn trong c s d liu ca MS
Access. y l i tng quan trng nht, dng lu tr d liu,
mi bng lu tr thng tin v mt i tng ang qun l. Mt
bng gm c nhiu ct (field) v nhiu hng (record)
Ct (Field) : Mi field (field hoc ct) trong mt bng ch cha
mt loi d liu duy nht, n lu tr mt thuc tnh ca i
tng.Trong mt bng phi c t nht mt field.
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V d:
Bng SINHVIEN, lu tr thng tin ca i tng sinh vin,
gm cc field MASV, HOSV, TENSV, PHAI, NGAYSINH,
DIACHI, MALOP.
Cc field biu din thng tin ca sinh vin

Record
Dng (Record): L mt th hin d liu ca cc field trong bng.

Trong mt bng c th c khng c record no hoc c nhiu
records. Trong mt bng th d liu trong cc record khng c
trng lp.
2.2.2. Kha chnh (Primary key)
Kha chnh ca mt bng l mt hoc nhiu field kt hp m theo
Access s xc nh mt record duy nht trong bng. D liu
trong field kha chnh khng c trng v khng rng. Thng
thng, trong mi bng nn c kha chnh to quan h gia cc
bng trong c s d liu v MS Access t ng kim tra rng
buc d liu khi ngi dng nhp liu.
V d: trong bng sinh vin M sinh vin xc nh mt sinh
vin duy nht.
Kha chnh
Khi mt field hoc nhiu field kt hp c ch nh l kha chnh

th Access s t ng to ch mc cho chng.
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Khi nhp d liu, Access s t ng kim tra kha chnh v khng
cho php trng lp, v khng rng.
2.2.3. Kha ngoi (Foreign key)
Kha ngoi l mt field hay mt nhm cc field trong mt record
ca mt bng, tr n kha chnh ca mt record khc ca mt
bng khc. Thng thng, kha ngoi trong mt bng tr n kha
chnh ca mt bng khc.
D liu trong field kha ngoi phi tn ti trong field kha chnh
m n tr ti. Kha ngoi dng to quan h gia cc bng trong
c s d liu
V d:
Kha ngoi Kha chnh
2.3. Cch to bng

2.3.1. To bng bng chc nng Table Design:
Bc 1: Trong ca s lm vic ca Access,
trn thanh Ribbon, click tab Create, trong
nhm lnh Table, click nt lnh Table
Design, xut hin ca s thit k bng gm
cc thnh phn:
Field Name: nh ngha cc fields trong bng.
Data Type: chn kiu d liu lu tr d liu ca field
tng ng.
Description: dng ch thch ngha ca field.
Field Properties: thit lp cc thuc tnh ca Field, gm c
hai nhm:
General: l phn nh dng d liu cho field trong ct
Field Name.
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Lookup: l phn quy nh dng hin th / nhp d liu
cho Field .
Bc 2: Trong ca s thit k, thc hin cc cng vic sau:

Nhp tn field trong ct field Name, chp nhn khong
trng, khng phn bit ch hoa, ch thng. Nn nhp tn
field theo tiu ch: Ngn gn, d nh, gi ngha, v khng c
khong trng.
Chn kiu d liu cho field trong ct Data Type
Ch thch cho field trong ct Description.
Ch nh thuc tnh cho field trong khung Field Properties.
Bc 3: Xc nh kha chnh cho bng:
t tr ti field
c chn lm
kha chnh (hoc
chn cc field ng
thi lm kha)
Click nt Primary key trn thanh cng c Table (Table
Tools), hoc click phi trn tn field, chn lnh Primary
key.
Bc 4: Lu bng va to bng cch:
Click vo nt trn thanh Quick Access
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Nhp tn cho bng trong
hp thoi Save as nh
hnh (trong trng hp
Table mi to, cha t
tn).
Lu : Nu bng cha c t kha chnh th Access s

hin th mt hp thoi thng bo:
Nhn nt Cancel tr li ca s thit k, t kho

chnh cho bng.
Nhn nt No lu m khng cn t kha chnh, c th
t sau.
Nhn nt Yes Access t to kho chnh c tn l ID,
kiu Autonumber.
2.3.2. To bng trong ch Datasheet View
C th to bng bng cch nh ngha trc tip cc ct trong ch
DataSheet View nh sau:
Trong ca s lm
vic ca Access,
chn tab Create
trn thanh Ribbon,
trong nhm lnh
Table, click nt
Table, xut hin
bng mi ch
Datasheet View.
Thanh Ribbon chuyn sang tab Field vi nhm lnh Add &
Delete gip bn chn kiu d liu cho Field mi khi thm
Field vo bng.
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t tr trong bn di Field
mi (Click to Add), sau
chn mt trong cc kiu d
liu trong nhm Add &
Delete trn thanh Ribbon.
Hoc click chut trn Click to
Add, chn kiu d liu trong
menu. C th click nt More
Fields chn cc kiu d
liu khc.
Nhp tn cho Field mi.
To Field tnh ton:
Khi thit kt bng
ch DataSheet
View, bn c th to
mt Field mi m n
l kt qu ca mt
biu thc tnh ton t
cc Field trc, bng
cch:
Click tiu Click
to Add ca Field
mi nh hnh trn.
Chn lnh Calculated Field, xut hin ca s Expression
Builder
Nhp biu thc tnh ton.
2.4. Cc kiu d liu (Data Type)
Trong access mi Field c th nhn mt trong cc kiu d liu sau:
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Data Type
Kiu d liu D liu Kch thc
Text Vn bn Ti a 255 k t
Vn bn nhiu dng, nhiu Ti a 65.535 k
Memo
trang t
Kiu s (bao gm s nguyn v
s thc). dng thc hin tnh
1, 2, 4, hoc 8
Number ton, cc nh dng d liu
byte
kiu s c thit lp trong
Control Panel.
D liu kiu Date v Time. Cc
nh dng ca d liu
Date/Time 8 byte
Date/Time c thit lp trong
Control Panel.
Currency Kiu tin t, mc nh l $. 8 byte
Access s t ng tng tun t
hoc ngu nhin khi mt mu
AutoNumber 4 byte
tin mi c to, khng th
xa, sa.
Kiu lun l (Boolean). Ch
Yes/no chp nhn d liu c gi tr 1bit
Yes/No, True/False, On/Off
D liu l cc i tng c
OLE Object Ti a 1 GB
to t cc phn mm khc.
HyperLink D liu ca field l cc link.
Lookup Wizard khng phi l
kiu d liu, m l chc nng
Lookup to mt danh sch m gi tr
Wizard ca n c nhp bng tay
hoc c tham chiu t mt
bng khc trong c s d liu.
nh km d liu t cc chng
Attachment trnh khc, nhng bn khng th
nhp vn bn hoc d liu s.
-22-
thay i nhng nh dng mc
nh ca cc kiu d liu trong
mi trng Window, chn Start
Control Panel Regional
and Language Customize.
Tab Numbers thay i
nh dng s nh du thp
phn, phn cch hng
ngn
Tab Date/Time thay i
nh dng ngy/gi.
Tab Currency thay i
n v tin t.
2.5. Cc thuc tnh ca Field:
2.5.1. Field Size:
Quy nh kch thc ca field, tu thuc vo kiu d liu. Ch c
hiu lc vi cc Field c kiu l Text hoc Number.
D liu kiu text: gii hn kch thc t 0- 255 k t, mc
nh l 50 k t.
D liu kiu Memo: gii hn kch thc t 0- 65.535 k t.
i vi kiu d liu Number: kiu Number bao gm mt s
kiu con, gii hn kch thc kiu Number chnh l xc nh
kiu con.
Field size Min gi tr S l ti a
Byte 0- 255 0
Integer -32768- 32767 0
Long integer - 214783648 214783647 0
38 38
Single -3.410 - 3.410 7
308 308
Double -1.7910 -1.7910 15
28 28
Decimal -10 -1 10 -1 20
2.5.2. Decimal Places:
Quy nh s ch s thp phn (ch s dng trong trng hp s c
dng single, double). i vi kiu Currency, Fixed, Percent lun
lun decimal places l 2.
-23-
2.5.3. Format:
Quy nh dng hin th ca d liu trn mn hnh hoc ra my in,
ph thuc vo kiu d liu. C th chn cc nh dng do Access
cung cp sn hoc to mt chui k t nh dng ring.
a) nh dng kiu d liu Text
Cc k t nh dng kiu d liu Text
K t nh dng Tc dng
@ Chui k t
> i ton b k t ra ch hoa
< i ton b k t ra ch thng
chui k t Chui k t gia 2 du nhy
\<k t> K t nm sau du \
[Black] [White] [Red] [Green] Mu (k hiu mu theo sau mt
[Blue] [Yellow] [Magenta] trong cc k t nh dng chui
[Cyan] pha trn)
V d:
nh dng D liu nhp Hin th
@@@-@@-@@@ 12345678 123-45-678
> L T Trng L T TRNG
< L T Trng l t trng
b) nh dng d liu kiu number
+ Cc kiu nh dng Access cung cp sn
K t Tc dng
General Number Hin th ng nh s nhp vo
C du phn cch, du thp phn v k
Currency
hiu tin t.
Hin th ging nh cch nh dng trong
Fixed Regional Settings ca Control Panel, phn
s l thp phn ph thuc vo Decimal
Ging nh dng Fix, nhng c du phn
Standard
cch hng ngn.
Percent Hin th s dng phn trm (%)
Scientific Hin th s dng khoa hc
-24-
V d:
Dng D liu nhp vo Hin th
General Number 1234.5 1234.5
Currency 1234.5 $1,234.50
Fixed 1234.5 1234.5
Standard 1234.5 1,234.5
Percent 0.123 12.30%
Scientific 1234.5 1.23E+03
c) Cc k t nh dng i vi d liu kiu s:

K t Tc dng
.(period) Du chm thp phn
,(comma) Du phn cch ngn
0 S (0-9)
# S hoc khong trng (blank)
$ Du $
% Phn trm
E+ E- e+ e- S dng khoa hc
Khong trng (blank) Khong trng
d) nh dng d liu kiu Data/Time:

+ Cc kiu nh dng Access cung cp sn:
-25-
+ Cc k t nh dng:
e) nh dng d liu kiu Yes/No:

nh dng ngha
Yes/No ng/Sai
True/Fasle ng/Sai
On/Off ng/Sai
-26-
Chui k t nh dng kiu yes/no gm 3 phn: First; Second;
Third.
First: b trng, nh dng trong mc ny khng nh hng
n d liu kiu Yes/No.
Second: field hp ni dung field mang gi tr ng.
Third: field hp ni dung field mang gi tr sai.
V d:
Hin th
Chui nh dng
Field (True) Field (Fasle)
; Nam; N Nam N
; Bin ch; Bin ch
2.5.4. Input Mask (mt n nhp liu):
Quy nh khun nh dng d liu. Ngi s dng khi nhp d
liu vo bng bt buc phi tun theo ng nh dng .
Ch : khi quy nh Input Mask cho bng, cc qui nh ny s
c p dng cho c biu mu ( Form ), truy vn (Query), bo co
(Report). Nu ch mun p dng cho ring biu mu hoc bo co
th qui nh Input Mask cho ring biu mu hay bo co .
Nhng field cng lc qui nh thuc tnh Format v Input Mask,
Access s hin th theo dng qui nh trong Format khi hin th d
liu. Tuy nhin nu iu chnh d liu thng qua biu mu, Access
dng dng thc qui nh trong Input Mask.
Cc k t dng nh dng trong Input Mask.

K t ngha
V tr bt buc nhp, k t s t 0-9, khng cho
0
php nhp du.
Khng bt buc nhp, k t s hoc khong
9
trng, khng cho php nhp du.
Nhp s 0-9, khong trng, du + -, khng bt
#
buc nhp.
-27-
L Bt buc nhp, k t ch.
? Khng bt buc nhp, k t A-Z.
A Bt buc nhp, k t ch hoc s.
a Khng bt buc nhp, k t ch hoc s.
& Bt buc nhp, k t bt k.
C Khng bt buc nhp, k t bt k.
Du phn cch thp phn, hng ngn. Ty thuc
.,
vo nh dng ca Windows
Du phn cch ngy, gi. Ty thuc vo nh
/:
dng ca Windows
< Cc k t bn phi c i thnh ch thng
> Cc k t bn phi c i thnh ch hoa.
! D liu ghi t phi sang tri.
K t theo sau du \ s c a thng vo d
\<k t>
liu
Password Nhp d liu kiu mt khu (ch hin th du *)
V d:
Input Mask D liu
> L0L0L0 T2A3B4
>L<?? Mai
2.5.5. To field Lookup Wizard:

Mt lookup field cho php bn nhp d liu cho field t mt danh
sch gi tr. C hai cch lookup field c th nhn gi tr t mt
danh sch cc gi tr.
Lookup t mt danh sch nhp bng tay.
Lookup t mt Table hoc mt Query trong c s d liu.
-28-
Cch to:
Trong ca s thit
k bng, ti field
mun to Lookup
Wizard, ct Data
type chn
Lookup Wizard.
Xut hin ca s
Lookup Wizard,
vi hai ty chn
tng ng vi hai
cch to danh
sch cho lookup field.
Nu chn d liu ngun cho field bng cch ly gi tr t
Table hoc Query khc th chn ty chn I want the
lookup field to get the values from another table or query
v click next.
Chn bng hoc query cung cp gi tr cho lookup field,
click Next.
Chn field cha danh sch gi tr cho lookup field, click
Next.
Chn field sp xp, click next.
Hiu chnh rng ca lookup field, click Finish kt

thc.
-29-
Nu to d liu ngun cho lookup field bng cch nhp bng

tay th trong ca s Lookup Wizard, chn ty chn I will
type in the values that I want. Click Next.
Nhp gi tr cho lookup field. Click Next.
Nhp nhn cho lookup field, click Finish.
2.5.6. Validation rule (Quy tc hp l):

Kim tra tnh hp l ca d liu khi nhp liu. Nu d liu khng
tha iu kin cho trc, Access xut hin trn mn hnh mt thng
bo cha dng vn bn quy nh Validation text. Trong
validation rule c cc php ton sau:
Php ton so snh: > , < , >=, <=, =, <>
Php ton quan h: or; and; not
-30-
Php ton v chui: ton t Like (ging nh).C th s dng
ton t Like km vi cc k t thay th nh:
Du *: thay th tt c cc k t.
Du #: thay th cc k t s.
Du ?: thay th k t ti v tr c du ?.
2.5.7. Validation text (Thng bo li):
Chui thng bo xut hin khi d liu nhp vo khng tho iu
kin ca Validation Rule, chui trong validation text c di ti
a 255 k t.
2.5.8. Required (Yu cu):
C yu cu bt buc nhp d liu cho mt field hay c th trng.
2.5.9. AllowZeroLength:
Quy nh field c kiu text hay Memo c th c (yes) hoc khng
c (no) chui c di Zero. Nu field l field kho th thuc tnh
ny l No.
Ch :
Cn phn bit field c gi tr null (trng cha c d liu) v mt
field cha chui c di l zero ( l chui ). Khi hin th ra
mn hnh c hai c hnh thc ging nhau.
2.5.10. Index ( Ch mc/ Sp xp)
Quy nh thuc tnh Index to ch mc n (ch mc trn mt
field).
Nu chn No th khng sp xp d liu.
Nu chn Yes (No Duplicates) th to ch mc (sp xp) trn
field v khng cho php cc gi tr trng nhau.
Nu chn Yes (Duplicates Yes) th to ch mc (sp xp)
trn field v cho php cc gi tr trng nhau.
2.5.11. Caption:
-31-
Qui nh nhn l mt chui k t xut hin ti dng tn field.
Chui ny cng xut hin ti tiu ca cc iu khin trong cc
biu mu hoc bo co. Nu gi tr ny b trng th Access s ly
tn field lm tiu .
2.5.12. Defaut value:
Quy nh gi tr mc nhin cho ct. Access s t ng gn gi tr
ny vo khi thm mu tin mi. Ngi s dng c th gn mt biu
thc cho thuc tnh ny.
2.6. Hiu chnh cu trc ca bng:
M bng ch thit k (Design View) bng cch: Trong ca s
Database, chn bng mun thay i cu trc, click phi, chn
Design View.
Thanh Ribbon chuyn sang Tab Design gm cc cng c cho php
hiu chnh cu trc ca bng.
Insert Rows: chn thm mt field trn field hin hnh.
Delete Rows: xa cc field c nh du chn.
Di chuyn field: Click chn tn field mun di chuyn, drag

chut vo tn field, di chuyn n v tr mi.
2.7. Cch nhp d liu cho bng:
-32-
nhp d liu cho bng, trc ht phi m bng ch
Datasheet View.
Trong ca s Database chn object Table chn bng
mun nhp hoc sa d liuclick phi chn Open. Hoc
double click vo tn bng mun m.
Bng c m ch nhp liu (Ch Data Sheet view)

Mc nh, lun c mt dng rng nhp record mi
cui bng.
Khi nhp d liu phi nhp theo tng Record, d liu nhp
vo phi tha mn cc thuc tnh ca bng v thuc tnh ca
field khi thit k bng. Nu d liu khng tha mn th
Access s thng bo li.
i vi field c kiu d liu OLE object:
Ti v tr nhp, click chut phi,
Chn Insert - Object.
Chn Create New nu mun to i tng mi.
Chn Create from file nu mun ly i tng t tp tin
trn a (thng l hnh nh) chn file cn s dng.
-33-
2.8. To quan h gia cc bng trong c s d liu:

Sau khi thit k cc bng, ta c cu trc ca cc bng, nhng
gia cc bng cha c cc thng tin quan h vi nhau. Do vic
thit lp mi quan h gia cc bng s gip MS Access qun l d
liu c hp l hn v bo v cc rng buc ton vn ca d liu
trong qu trnh nhp d liu.
thit lp c quan h th cc field dng lin kt gia cc Table
phi c cng kiu d liu.
2.8.1. Cc loi quan h
Trong Access tn ti 2 kiu quan h: quan h 1-1 (mt-mt) v
quan h 1-n (mt-nhiu)
Quan h 1-1: mt record ca bng ny s lin kt vi duy nht mt
record ca bng kia v ngc li.
V d:
Quan h 1-n: mi record ca bng 1 s lin kt vi mt hoc nhiu

record ca bng n, ngc li mt record ca bng n ch lin kt vi
duy nht mt record trong bng 1.
V d:
-34-
Th hin d liu ca quan h 1-n
2.8.2. Cch to quan h:

Ti ca s lm vic ca Access, chn tab Database Tools
trn thanh Ribbon, click nt Relationships.
Nu l ln u tin (CSDL
cha c quan h) th hp thoi
Show Tables s xut hin.
Nu khng c ca s Show
Table th Click nt Show
Table trn thanh Ribbon.
Tab Tables: hin th tt c
cc bng trong c s d
liu
Tab Queries: hin th cc truy vn to trong c s d
liu.
Tab Both: hin th tt c Table v Query.
-35-
Chn bng hoc Query cn thit lp quan h, click Add.
Click nt Close ng ca s Show Table.
Ca s RelationShips cha cc bng mun thit lp quan h.
Drag chut ko field

quan h t bng ny
sang bng kia. (vd:
Ko field MaSV t
bng SINHVIEN
sang MaSV ca
bng KETQUA).
Xut hin ca s
Edit RelationShips
vi cc ty chn:
Enforce Referential Integrity nu mun quan h c tnh
rng buc ton vn. Quan h c tnh rng buc ton vn
s m bo cc vn sau:
+ Khi nhp d liu, d liu ca field tham gia quan h
bng nhiu (bng con) phi tn ti trong bng
mt (bng cha). V d: mun nhp mt sinh vin
cho bng KETQUA th MaSV phi tn ti trong
bng SINHVIEN.
+ Khng th xa nhng mu tin trong bng mt khi
nhng mu tin trong bng nhiu c quan h vi
mu tin bn mt
Nu vi phm cc nguyn tc trn th Access s khng
nhn d liu v thng bo li.
-36-
Cascade Update Related Field: cho php bn sa gi tr
kha chnh ca mu tin trong bng mt (bng cha) ca
quan h, lc thay v bo li Access s t ng cp
nht s thay i vo cc field tng ng (c quan h)
trn cc bng nhiu (bng con) ca quan h.
Cascade Delete Related Records: cho php bn xa
mu tin trong bng mt (bng cha) ca quan h, lc
thay v bo li, Access s t ng xa tt c cc mu tin
trong bng nhiu (bng con) ca quan h nu nh
nhng mu tin c lin quan vi mu tin va xa.
Lu :
+ Nu c hai field tham gia lin kt u l kha chnh,
Access t to ra quan h 1-1 (One to one): mi mu
tin trong bng ny s quan h vi 1 v ch mt mu
tin trong bng kia.
+ Nu mt bn l field kha chnh, bn cn li l kha
ngoi, Access s to quan h 1-nhiu (One to many):
Mi mu tin trong bng mt (bng cha) c quyn
quan h vi nhiu mu tin trong bng nhiu (bng
con), ngc li mi mu tin trong bng nhiu ch
c quyn quan h vi mt mu tin trong bng
mt.
2.8.3. Cch xa quan h
Mun xa quan h gia 2 bng, ta Click phi mi quan h mun
xa, chn Delete, hoc chn mi quan h v nhn phm Delete.
Lu :
-37-
Nu nhp d liu trc khi to quan h th khi nhp liu ta
c th nhp d liu cho cc bng theo trnh t ty .
Ngc li, nu to quan h trc, nhp liu sau th khi nhp
liu ta phi nhp bng 1 (bng cha) trc v bng n (bng
con) sau.
2.8.4. Kiu kt ni (Join type):
C 3 kiu lin kt gia cc bng:
1: Only include rows where the joined field from both
tables are equal: y l loi lin kt ph bin nht gia hai
bng. Trong d liu khi th hin trn bng kt qu s
gm nhng mu tin m d liu cha trong field lin kt
hai bng phi hon ton ging nhau. Lin kt ny cn gi l
lin kt ni.
2: Include all records from bng bn tri and only those
records from bng bn phi where the joined fields are
equal: Trong kiu lin kt ny, Access s th hin trn bng
kt qu ton b d liu trn bng bn tri v ch nhng
mu tin bn bng bn phi c ni dung trong field lin kt
ging field tng ng vi bng bn tri.
3: Include all records from bng bn phi and only those
records from bng bn tri where the joined fields are
equal: Trong kiu lin kt ny, Access s th hin trn bng
kt qu ton b d liu trn bng bn phi v ch nhng
mu tin bn bng bn tri c ni dung trong field lin kt
ging field tng ng vi bng bn phi.
Cch chn kiu lin kt gia hai bng:
T ca s Edit Relationships
Click vo nt Join type m ca s Join Properties.
Chn loi lin kt.
-38-
2.9. Cc thao tc vi bng ch Datasheet view

2.9.1. Mt s nh dng trong ch Database View
thc hin cc thao tc nh dng bng, ta phi m bng ch
DataSheet View.
a) Thay i font ch:
Trn thanh Ribbon chn tab Home.
Trong nhm lnh Text Formatting, chn font ch cho Table
v cc nh dng khc.
Click nt trn nhm

Text Formatting s xut
hin ca s Datasheet
Formatting cho php bn
hiu chnh cc thuc tnh
ca Datasheet nh mu
nn , mu li,
b) Thay i rng ct: Khi

to bng bng Datasheet
View th Access to bng
vi cc ct c rng mc nh, nu rng ca ct qu
nh s lm cho d liu b che khut. thay i rng ca
ct ta c th s dng mt trong cc cch sau:
Cch 1: t tr ng bin bn phi ca ct, khi tr c
dng mi tn 2
chiu th drag
chut thay
-39-
i rng ca ct.
Cch 2: Click phi trn
tn ca ct mun thay
i rng v chn
Field width. Nhp kch
thc ca ct vo
Column Width.
c) Thay i v tr ct:
Click vo tiu ct.
Drag thay i v tr ct (chut vn ang ti tiu ct).
d) Che du (Hide column) v hin th (Unhide column)ct:
Chn ct mun n.
Trn thanh Ribbon, trong
nhm lnh Records,
click nt More, chn
lnh Hide fields.
Mun hin th ti ct b
n, ta lm tng t nh
thao tc n ct, nhng
trong menu lnh ca nt
More ta chn lnh
Unhide fields.
e) C nh v b c nh ct:
Chn ct cn c nh.
Trn thanh Ribbon, trong nhm lnh Records, click nt
More, chn lnh Freeze Fields.
Ngc li, mun b c nh ct ta chn lnh UnFreeze All
Fields.
f) Thay i chiu cao dng:
t con tr vo ng bin ca dng sao cho xut hin mi
tn 2 chiu, Drag thay i chiu cao ca dng.
-40-
2.9.2. Sp xp
a) Sp xp theo mt field
t tr ti field cha d liu cn sp xp
Click nt sort Ascending (sp xp tng dn)/Sort

Descending (sp xp gim dn) trong nhm lnh sort &
Filter trn thanh Ribbon.
b) Sp xp theo nhiu fields
sp xp theo nhiu field,
trong nhm lnh sort &
Filter trn thanh Ribbon,
click nt lnh Advanced
filter options
Chn lnh Advanced
Filter/Sort
Xut hin ca s Filter
Double click chn cc field
cha d liu cn sp xp,
th t u tin t tri sang
phi.
mc Sort chn kiu sp xp.
thc hin sp xp ta chn lnh Apply Filter/Sort
V d: Sp xp d liu trong bng HoaDon theo chiu tng
dn ca MaKH, nu trng MaKH th sp xp theo MaNV
tng dn, nu trng MaNV th sp xp theo NgayLapHD
gim dn.
-41-
2.9.3. Tm kim v thay th:

a) Tm kim:
tm mt gi tr trong bng ta click nt Find
trong nhm lnh Find trn thanh Ribbon .
Xut hin ca s Find and Replace.
Find What: Nhp gi tr cn tm

Look In: Phm vi tm kim.
Kiu so trng gi tr cn tm vi gi tr trong
Search: hng tm
Match Case: Tm phn bit ch hoa v ch thng
Click nt Find Next thc hin tm kim, nu tm ht
access s cho xut hin hp thng bo hon tt vic tm
kim.
-42-
b) Thay th:
Trong ca s Find and Replace, nu mun thay th cc gi tr
c tm thy bng mt gi tr khc ta chn tab Replace.
Replace With: Nhp gi tr cn thay th.

Click nt Replace thay th gi tr c tm thy hin ti.
Click nt Replace All thay th ton b cc gi tr c
tm thy.
2.9.4. Lc d liu
a) Filter by selection
Filter by selection gip bn chn ra nhng Record da trn
mt gi tr hin hnh. Cch thc hin:
t tr ti field cha gi
tr lc, chn gi tr lm
iu kin lc.
Click nt lnh Seletion
trong nhm lnh Sort &
Filter trn thanh Ribbon.
Chn mt trong cc lnh trong menu:
Equals : lc cc records
c gi tr bng vi gi tr
c chn.
Does Not Equal: lc cc
records c gi tr khc vi
gi tr c chn.
-43-
Contains : lc cc records cha gi tr c chn.
Does Not Contains : lc cc records khng cha gi tr
c chn.
Ngoi ra, cng c th lc bng cch click nt cng c
Selection button bn phi tn field.
nh du check vo gi tr lm iu kin lc.
Click OK
b) Filter by form
Filter by form gip bn lc
bng cch nhp gi tr lc vo
mt dng trn Datasheet.
Click nt Advanced trong
nhm lnh Sort & Filter, chn
lnh Filter By Form.
Chuyn dng Datasheet ca
bng thnh mt dng trng,
v xut hin cc nt
Dropdown list trn mi field
cho php chn gi tr lc.
Nu lc theo nhiu gi tr th click tab Or v chn gi tr lm

iu kin lc tip theo.
Click nt Toggle Filter thc hin lc.
c) Advanced filter
-44-
Chc nng Advanced filter cho php lc vi nhiu iu kin
nhiu field khc nhau.
Click nt Advanced, chn lnh Advanced filter/Sort, xut
hin ca s Filter, vi cc dng:
Field: Nhp tn cc field cha iu kin lc
Sort: Chn kiu sp xp (nu c yu cu)
Criteria: Nhp iu kin lc. Nu cc iu kin lc cc
field bt buc tha mn ng thi (v) th cc iu kin
phi c nhp trn cng mt dng. Nu cc iu kin
khng tha mn ng thi (hoc) th nhp trn khc dng
V d: Lc cc nhng sinh vin c mn hc CSDL v
im thi ln 1>=5.
V d: Lc cc nhng sinh vin c mn hc CSDL

hoc im thi ln 1>=5.
-45-
Chng 3
TON T -HM -BIU THC
Trong Access khi x l d liu th cn n cc
3.1. Ton t
3.1.1. Ton t s hc
Ton t M t V d
+ Cng 2 ton hng [lng]+[thng]
- Tr 2 ton hng [lng]-[tm ng]
* Nhn 2 ton hng [h s]*[lng cb]
/ Chia 2 ton hng 15.2/2
\ Php chia nguyn 5\2
Mod Chia ly phn d 5Mod 2
^ Ly tha 4^2
3.1.2. Ton t so snh
Ton t V d M t
= ="MN" Tm nhng record c gi tr l MN.
< <10 Tm nhng record c gi tr <10.
<= <=10 Tm nhng record c gi tr <=10.
> >10 Tm nhng record c gi tr >10.
>= >=10 Tm nhng record c gi tr >=10.
<> <>10 Tm nhng record c gi tr khc10.
Kt qu ca ton t so snh l True hoc False.

3.1.3. Ton t logic
Ton t M t V d
And V [im]<=5 And [nm sinh]>1990
Or Hoc [im]<=5 Or [nm sinh]>1990
Not o Not True
-46-
3.1.4. Ton t khc
Ton t V d ngha
Tm nhng record c
BETWEEN #1/1/99#
BETWEEN gi tr trong khong
AND #12/31/99#
1/1/99 v 12/31/99.
Tm nhng record
LIKE LIKE "S*" cha text c bt u
bng k t "S."
Tm nhng record c
IS NULL IS NULL
gi tr rng
Tm nhng record c
IN(v1, v2, ) In(java, C++) gi tr trong danh sch
lit k.
3.1.5. Ton t ni chui
Dng ni cc chui thnh mt chui.
Ton t V d
& Nguyn & & An Nguyn An.
+ Nguyn + + An Nguyn An.
3.2. Hm
3.2.1. Hm x l kiu d liu Text
Hm ngha V d
Trch t bn tri
Left(string, n) Left(ABC, 2)
ca string , n k t
Trch ra t bn
Right(string, n) phi ca string, n Right(ABC, 2)
k t
Trch ra t string,
Mid(string, m, n) Mid(ABC,2,1)
ti v tr m , n k t
Tr v chiu di
Len(string) Len(ABC)
ca string
-47-
nh dng biu
Format(Date(), dd-
Format(exp) thc theo cc dng
mm-yyyy )
thc thch hp.
Tr v phin bn ch hoa ca
UCase(exp) UCase(Lan)
mt chui.
Tr v phin bn
LCase(exp) ch thng ca LCase(Lan)
mt chui.
Chuyn mt s
Str(exp) Str(123.45)
thnh mt chui.
Chuyn mt chui
Val(exp) Val(123.45)
thnh mt s
3.2.2. Hm ngy gi
Hm ngha V d
Hm tr v kt qu l Date()
Date() ngy hin hnh ca
my.
Day(exp) Tr v ngy trong thng. Day(#6/12/2010#)
Tr v kt qu l thng Month(#6/12/2010#)
Month(exp)
trong biu thc ngy
Tr v kt qu l nm Year(#6/12/2010#)
Year(exp)
trong biu thc ngy
d: tr v ngy trong biu Datepart(q,#6/12/
thc ngy 2010#)
m: tr v thng trong
biu thc ngy
datePart(d/
ww: tr v tun trong
m/ww/q/yyy
biu thc ngy
y, exp)
q: tr v qu trong biu
thc ngy
yyyy: tr v nm trong
biu thc ngy
-48-
3.2.3. Hm iu kin
IIf(<Biu thc iu kin>, <gi tr 1>, <gi tr 2>)
Hm IIF tr v mt trong 2 gi tr: gi tr 1 hoc gi tr 2, ty

thuc vo gi tr ca Biu thc iu kin.
Biu thc iu kin: l mt biu thc logic cho kt qu l
True hoc False.
Gi tr 1: gi tr tr v ca hm IIF nu Biu thc iu kin
c gi tr l true.
Gi tr 2: gi tr tr v ca hm IIF nu Biu thc iu kin
c gi tr l false
V d:
IIF([im]>=5, u, Rt)
3.2.4. Hm c s d liu
Hm Dcount: m s Record trong phm vi xc nh theo
iu kin. Mc nh, hm khng m cc record c gi tr
Null. Nu dng k t i din *, hm s m cc record
c gi tr Null.
DCount(<Biu thc>, <Phm vi>, [iu kin])
V d: m s sinh vin lp CDTHA

Dcount([Masv], SinhVien, [Malop]=CDTHA)
Hm Dlookup: Tm gi tr trong phm vi c xc nh theo
iu kin.
Dlookup(<Biu thc>, <Phm vi>, [iu kin])
V d: Tm sinh vin A01 thuc lp no

Dlookup([MaLop], SinhVien, [MaSV]=A01)
-49-
3.3. Biu thc
Trong Access, mt biu thc tng ng vi mt cng thc trong
Excel. Mt biu thc bao gm cc yu t nh danh (tn ca cc
field, iu khin, hoc thuc tnh), cc ton t, cc hng s, v gi
tr v cc hm.
Mt biu thc c tnh ton ly gi tr cung cp cho mt query,
xc nh quy tc, to cc hoc field tnh ton, v xc nh phn
nhm cho report.
V d: To field tnh ton:
ThanhTien: [soluong]*[dongia]
Mt biu thc c th s dng nhiu i tng trong c s d liu
nh: tables, queries, forms, reports, v macros.
Trong cc biu thc, tn field, tn iu khin phi c t trong
du ngoc vung [], thng thng Access s t ng ngoc vung
quanh tn field hoc tn iu khin nhng nu tn field hoc iu
khin bao gm cc khong trng hoc cc k t c bit, th bn
phi t g du ngoc [] quanh tn .
-50-
Chng 4
QUERY-TRUY VN D LIU
4.1. Khi nim
Mc ch chnh ca mt c s d liu l lu tr v trch lc thng
tin. Thng tin c th c ly t c s d liu ngay lp tc sau khi
d liu c thm vo. Tt nhin, ly thng tin t cc bng c s
d liu i hi kin thc v cch thc m c s d liu c thit
k.
Query l cc cu lnh SQL (Structured Query Language - ngn ng
truy vn mang tnh cu trc) l mt loi ngn ng ph bin to,
hiu chnh, v truy vn d liu t mt c s d liu quan h.
Trong access, Query l mt cng c mnh dng khai thc v x
l d liu, p ng cc nhu cu tra cu d liu, gm cc loi query:
simple select queries, parameter queries, crosstab queries v action
queries.
4.2. Cc loi query
Select query: l truy vn la chn thng tin t mt hoc
nhiu bng, to ra mt recordset. Ni chung, d liu tr v
ca mt truy vn la chn l c th cp nht v thng c
s dng a cc form v report.
Total query: l mt loi c bit ca truy vn chn. Thc
hin chc nng tng hp d liu trn mt nhm cc record.
Crosstab query: l loi query c th hin th d liu di
dng tm tt nh mt bng tnh, vi cc tiu hng v tiu
ct da trn cc field trong bng. D liu trong cc ca
Recordset c tnh ton t d liu trong cc bng.
Top (n) query: Top (n) cho php bn ch nh mt s hoc
t l phn trm ca record m bn mun tr v t bt k loi
truy vn khc (select query, total query, ).
Action query: gm cc loi query nh Make-Table, Delete,
Update, Append cho php bn to ra cc bng mi hoc thay
i d liu trong cc bng hin c ca c s d liu. action
-51-
query khi thc thi s nh hng n nhiu recored trong cc
bng.
4.3. Cch to select query bng Design view
to query bn chn tab Create trn thanh
Ribbon, click nt query Design trong nhm lnh
Queries.
Xut hin ca s thit k query v ca s Show
table cho php chn cc bng hoc query tham gia truy vn.
Chn cc bng cha cc field m bn mun hin th trong

kt qu, hoc cc field cn trong cc biu thc tnh ton.
Click nt Add thm cc bng vo ca s thit k query.
Sau khi chn cc bng hoc query cn thit, click nt
close ng ca s Show Table.
Chn cc field cn hin th trong kt qu vo li thit k
bng cch drag chut ko tn field trong field
list hoc double click vo tn field.
Nhp iu kin lc ti dng Criteria.
Click nt View xem trc kt qu, click nt
run thc thi.
4.3.1. Cc thnh phn trong ca s thit k query:
Ca s thit k query gm 2 phn
-52-
Table/query pane: khung cha cc bng hoc query tham
gia truy vn.
Li thit k (Query by Example: QBE) : Cha tn field
tham gia vo truy vn v bt k tiu chun c s dng
chn cc records. Mi ct trong li QBE cha thng tin v
mt field duy nht t mt bng hoc query trn Table/query
pane. Li thit k bao gm cc thnh phn:
Field list Table/Query pane
Li QBE
Field: l ni m cc tn field c to vo hoc thm

vo v hin th trong kt qu truy vn.
Table: hin th tn ca cc bng cha cc field tng
ng trn dng Field.
Sort: ch nh kiu sp xp d liu ca cc field trong
query.
Show: quyt nh hin th cc field trong Recordset.
Criteria: Nhp cc iu kin lc cc record.
Or: thm cc iu kin lc tng ng vi php OR, nu
cc biu thc iu kin cc field cng t trn mt
dng th tng ng vi php AND.
4.3.2. Cc thao tc trong ca s thit k query:
a) Chn field trong li thit k: chn mt field hoc
nhiu field trong li thit k, ta a chut ln trn tn field
-53-
khi chut c dng mi tn mu en hng xung th click
chut chn, drag chut chn nhiu field.
b) Di chuyn field: Drag chut trn tn field di chuyn

c) Chn thm field hoc xa field:
Chn thm field: click nt Insert Columns, mc nh ct
mi s c chn vo trc field hin hnh.
Xa field: chn field cn
xa, click nt Delete
Columns.
d) To nhn cho field:
lm cho bng d liu truy vn d dng hn c, bn c
th cung cp cc nhn cho cc field trong truy vn iu ny
khng nh hng n tn ca field hoc cch d liu c
lu tr v s dng truy cp.
Click phi trn tn field, chn properties
Ti thuc tnh Caption, nhp nhn cho field.
e) Thm Table/Query vo truy vn: Khi thit k query, nu
cn chn thm bng, click nt Show Table trong nhm lnh
Query Setup.
f) Xa Table/Query trong khi truy vn: Click phi trn
Table/Query cn xa, chn Remove Table.
-54-
4.3.3. Cch nhp biu thc iu kin
Ngoi vic s dng cc truy vn chn cc field hin th cc
thng tin cn thit, bn cn c th s dng cc truy vn hin th
mt s cc record theo mt iu kin no .
Biu thc iu kin l cc quy tc lc p dng cho d liu khi
chng c chit xut t c s d liu, nhm gii hn cc record
tr v ca truy vn.
V d: ngi dng ch mum xem thng tin v cc sinh vin ca
mt lp CDTHA.
Biu thc iu kin c nhp trn dng Criteria v dng Or ca
li thit k query v ti ct cha gi tr ca biu thc iu kin
lc.
V d: Chui iu kin CDTHA l gi tr trong field Malop, do
chui CDTHA c nhp trn dng Critetia ti ct Malop.
a) Cc loi d liu dates, times, text, v gi tr trong biu

thc iu kin:
Kiu d liu V d
Text Text
Date #1-Feb-2010#
Time #12:00AM#
Number 10
Field name [field name]
-55-
b) Ton t c s dng trong biu thc iu kin:
Ton t V d
= [Ngaylaphd]=#01/01/08#
< [Ngaylaphd]<#01/01/08#
<= Year([ngaysinh])<=1980
> [soluong]>50
>= [dongia]>=100
<> [donvitinh]<>Kg
Between and Between 1/1/99 And 12/31/99
Like Like "s*"
Is null Is null
In(v1, v2, ) In(java, c++)
Ngoi ra cc hm ngy gi, hm d liu chui, cng c
s dng trong biu thc iu kin.
4.3.4. Truy vn c nhiu iu kin nhiu fields
Khi bn mun gii hn cc records da trn nhiu iu kin
nhiu field khc nhau, th Access s kt hp cc iu kin li vi
nhau bng cch s dng ton t And v Or, cho hai trng hp:
Nu cc iu kin phi c tho mn ng thi th cc iu
kin phi c lin kt nhau bi php AND, bng cch nhp
cc iu kin trn cng mt dng Criteria trong li thit k
query.
V d: Tm nhng sinh vin c im mn CSDL >=5
-56-
Nu ch cn tha mn mt trong cc iu kin th cc iu
kin c lin kt nhau bi php OR, bng cch nhp cc
iu kin trn cc dng khc nhau trong li thit k query.
V d:
Tm nhng sinh vin c im mn CSDL hoc CTDL >=5
4.3.5. Top value

Chc nng top value c s dng hin th nhng record trn
cng ca danh sch c to ra bi mt truy vn.
a) Cch thc hin:
Nu mun hin th danh sch cc record c gi tr cao nht
field c ch nh th sp xp field theo chiu gim dn
(Descending)
Nu mun hin th danh sch cc record c gi tr thp nht
field c ch
nh th sp xp
field theo
chiu tng dn
(Ascending).
Trong return ta nhp vo s gi tr mun hin th.
b) Cc ty chn trong Top Values:
All : Hin th tt c cc record ca Query.
5 : Hin th 5 record u tin.
-57-
5% : Hin th 5% record u tin trn tng s record.
25% : Hin th 25% record u tin trn tng s record.
Nu cc record thuc Top Values c gi tr trng nhau th chng
cng xut hin trong kt qu.
Nu mun ch xut hin duy nht mt
record trong cc record c gi tr trng
nhau ta click phi trong ca s thit k
query chn properties, ti thuc tnh
Unique Values chn yes.
4.3.6. To field tnh ton trong query
Access c th thc hin cc php ton trong cc query, form,
report, v macro. Tuy nhin cc field tnh ton thng c thc
hin trong query, t , bt k form, report, hoc macro c s dng
cc truy vn ny s t ng truy cp tnh gi tr.
lm c cc php tnh trong mt truy vn, bn to mt field
tnh ton mi trong query. Tn ca field tnh ton khng trng vi
tn ca cc field trong bng.
C php:
Field Name: Expression
V d: To Field ThanhTien:[SoLuong]*[DonGiaBan]
Field ly t bng Field tnh ton

-58-
4.3.7. S dng Expresstion Builder
Expression Builder l mt cng c gip bn to cc biu thc
nhanh v d dng hn v c th truy cp vo th vin hm ca
Access. s dng Expression Builder xy dng mt biu thc
iu kin hoc to mt field mi trong query ta thc hin nh sau:
Trong ca s
thit k query.
Click nt Builder
trong nhm lnh
Query Setup.
Xut hin ca s Expression Builder bao gm khung trn
cng cho php nhp biu thc, bn di l 3 khung gip bn
tm tn field v cc hm cn thit cho biu thc.
Khung Expression
Elements cha cc i
tng trong c s d
liu.
chn cc field
a vo biu thc ta
m mc Database
bng cch double
click vo tn ca c
s d liu hin
hnh, chn table
hoc query, cc field trong table hoc query s hin th
trong khung Expression Categories, double click chn
tn field a vo biu thc.
chn hm bn click mc function
Khung Expression Categories: hin th cc thnh phn ca
expression theo nhm.
Khung Expression values cha gi tr ca cc phn t trong
biu thc, hoc cc hm nu chn function trong khung
Expression elements.
-59-
4.4. Total query
Access cung cp chc nng kt nhm cc record v thc hin cc
php thng k d liu trn nhm record . Cc hm count, sum,
min, max, avg l cc hm c bn trong Total Query.
V d: m tt c cc hc sinh trong mi lp.
Kt qu ca query trc khi tng hp d liu
M Lp Tn Lp M SV
CDTH1A Cao ng Tin Hc 1A A101
CDTH1B Cao ng Tin Hc 1B B101
Group by
Count
Sau khi tng hp d liu ta c kt qu:
M Lp Tn Lp TongsoSV
CDTH1A Cao ng Tin Hc 1A 4
CDTH1B Cao ng Tin Hc 1B 5
CDTH2A Cao ng Tin Hc 2A 4
4.4.1. Cch to Total Query:
to mt Total query, bn thc hin cc bc sau:
To mt query mi bng Design view.
Chn cc table cn s dng trong query t ca s Show
Table.
Chn cc field cha d liu cn thng k vo li thit k.
-60-
Chn Query Tools, chn tab Design.
Trong nhm lnh
Show/Hide, click nt
Totals.
Trn li thit k query xut
hin thm dng Total.
Ti mi field, chn cc ty
chn trn dng Total.
4.4.2. Cc ty chn trn dng Total:

Ty chn ngha
Nhm cc record c gi tr ging nhau ti mt
Group by
s field c ch nh thnh mt nhm.
Tnh tng cc gi tr trong mt nhm record ti
Sum
field c ch nh.
Tnh trung bnh cng cc gi tr trong mt nhm
Avg
record ti field c ch nh.
Tm gi tr ln nht trong nhm record ti field
Max
c ch nh.
Tm gi tr nh nht trong nhm record ti field
Min
c ch nh.
Count m s record trong nhm.
Tm gi tr u tin trong nhm ti ct c ch
First
nh.
Last Tm gi tr cui cng trong cc gi tr trn ct
-61-
ca nhm.
Expression Dng cho field cha biu thc tnh ton.
Dng cho field cha iu kin dng lc
Where Record trc khi tnh ton v khng hin th
trong kt qu.
4.5. Queries tham s (Parameter Queries)
Query tham s l query nhc ngi dng nhp iu kin cho query
ti thi im query thc thi.
Cch to:
Trong ca s thit k query, chn cc bng/query tham gia
truy vn.
Chn cc field hin th trong kt qu .
Ti field cha iu kin lc, nhp cu nhc trn dng
Critetia v t trong cp du [ ].
V d: Xem thng tin im ca mt sinh vin ty
Khi thc thi query, chng trnh yu cu nhp gi tr cho

t
h
a
m
-62-
4.6. Crosstab query
4.6.1. Khi nim:
Crosstab query l mt query dng tng hp d liu di dng
bng tnh hai chiu, trong tiu ca dng v ct ca bng l
cc gi tr c kt nhm t cc field trong bng d liu, phn thn
ca bng tnh l d liu c thng k bi cc hm: Sum, count,
avg, min, max, v cc chc nng khc.
V d: Thng k tng s sinh vin theo loi gii, kh, trung
bnh, yu theo tng lp.
Dng crosstab query Dng Total query
4.6.2. Cch to:

a) To Crosstab query bng chc nng Wizard:
Trn thanh Ribbon,
click nt Create.
Trong nhm lnh
Query, chn Query
Wizard.
Trong ca s New
Query, chn
Crosstab Query
WizardOK.
-63-
Chn d liu ngun

cho Crosstab
Query, c th l
table hoc Query
Next.
Chn field lm
Row heading trong
khung Available
Fields
Click nt > chn
field.
Click Next.
Chn field lm
column heading
Next.
-64-
Chn field cha
d liu thng k
trong khung
Fields.
Chn hm thng
k trong khung
Function
Next
Nhp tn cho
query v click nt
Finish kt
thc.
Hn ch khi to crosstab query bng wizard:
Nu cc field trong Crosstab query c ly t nhiu bng
hoc trong query c cha cc iu kin lc d liu th phi
to mt select query cha tt c cc field v cc iu kin,
sau ly select query ny lm d liu ngun to crosstab
query.
b) To Crosstab query bng Design
Mt crosstab query cn t nht l 3 field:
Mt field ly gi tr lm tiu cho ct gi l column
heading.
Mt field (hoc nhiu field) ly gi tr lm tiu cho
dng gi l row heading.
Mt field cha d liu thng k (Value)
V d:
Column heading
Row heading
Value
-65-
to mt Crosstab query bng Design View ta thc hin
nh sau:
Trong ca s thit k
Query, trn thanh
Ribbon, chn Query
Tools, ch Tab Design.
Trong nhm lnh Query
Type, chn Crosstab.
Trong li thit k query xut hin thm dng Crosstab v
dng Total.
Ch nh chc nng cho cc field:

i vi cc field lm row heading v column heading
th trn dng Total ta chn chc nng Group by, trn
dng Crosstab, ch nh chc nng Row Heading hoc
Column Heading.
i vi field cha d liu thng k th trn dng
Total, chn hm thng k (Sum, Avg, Count, Min, Max,
), trn dng Crosstab chn Value.
i vi cc field cha iu kin lc d liu th trn dng
Total chn Where, cc field ny s khng xut hin trong
kt qu.
Lu :
Row Heading v Column Heading c th hon i nhau,
nhng i vi nhng field cha nhiu gi tr th nn chn
lm Row Heading.
-66-
4.7. Cc loi query to bng chc nng Wizard
4.7.1. Find Duplicate query
Find Duplicate query Wizard dng tm nhng record c gi tr
trng lp mt s field. V d, tm nhng nhn vin c trng ngy
sinh, trng tn,
Cch to:
Trong ca s lm vic ca Access, trn thanh
Ribbon, chn tab Create.
Trong nhm lnh Queries click nt Query
Wizard.
Trong ca s New Query chn Find Duplicate query
Wizard.
Xut hin ca s Find
Duplicates query
wizard OK.
Chn bng cha field
mun tm d liu trng
lp Next.
Chn field cha d
liu trng lpNext.
Chn cc field mun
hin th trong kt
qu Next.
Nhp tn cho queryFinish.
4.7.2. Find Unmatched query Wizard
Trong quan h 1-n, mt record trong bng 1 quan h vi nhiu
record trong bng n. Tuy nhin cng c nhng record khng quan
h vi bt k record no trong bng n.
V d, nhng nhn vin cha tham gia lp ha n, nhng nhn
vin ny tn ti trong bng NHANVIEN, nhng khng tn ti trong
bng HOADON.
Find Unmatched query Wizard dng tm nhng record c trong
bng 1 nhng khng c trong bng n
-67-
Cch to:
Trong ca s lm vic ca Access, trn thanh Ribbon, chn
tab Create.
Trong nhm lnh Queries click nt Query Wizard.
Trong ca s New Query chn Find Unmatched query
Wizard OK.
Xut hin ca s Find Unmatched query wizard.
Chn bng 1 l bng cha cc record cn tm Next
Chn bng n l bng cha record quan h Next
V d: tm nhng sinh vin cha thi, bng 1 l bng
SINHVIEN, bng n l bng KETQUA, field quan h l field
MASV
Chn field
quan h gia
hai bng
Next.
Chn cc field
hin th trong
kt quNext.
Nhp tn cho
query Finish.
4.8. Action query
Action query l loi query m khi thc thi s lm thay i d liu
trong cc bng ca c s d liu, s thay i c th lm cho c s
d liu b sai, do trc khi thc thi cc loi action query bn nn
chp mt file d phng.
C 4 loi action query:
Update query.
Make-Table query.
Append query.
Delete query.
4.8.1. Update query
a) Chc nng
Update query dng cp nht d liu trong cc bng.
-68-
b) Cch to
Trong ca s lm vic ca Access, trn thanh Ribbon chn
tab Create, trong nhm lnh Queries, click nt Query
Design.
Chn cc bng cha
d liu mun cp
nht.
Thanh Ribbon
chuyn sang tab Design
Trong nhm lnh Query Type, Click nt Update, Trong li
thit k xut hin dng Update to.
Chn field cha d liu cn cp nht v cc field cha iu
kin.
Ti field cha d liu mun cp nht v trn dng Update to
ta nhp biu thc cp nht d liu.
c) Thc thi Update Query:

Click nt run thc thi query.
Khi thc thi query s xut hin hp thoi thng bo s
record c Update.
Nu ng click yes.
Xem kt qu trong bng cha d liu Update.
-69-
4.8.2. Make-Table query
a) Chc nng
Make-Table dng to mt bng mi da trn cc bng hoc
query c sn.
b) Cch to
Trong ca s lm vic ca Access, trn thanh Ribbon chn tab
Create, trong nhm lnh Queries, click nt Query Design.
Chn cc bng hoc query lm d liu ngun cho Make-
Table. Thanh Ribbon chuyn sang tab Design
Chn cc field mun hin th trong bng mi.
Trong nhm lnh
Query Type, click
nt Make-Table.
Xut hin hp thoi
Make Table vi cc
ty chn:
Table name: Nhp tn bng mi.
CurrentDatabase: Bng mi c lu trong c s d
liu hin hnh.
Another Database: Bng mi c lu trong mt c s
d liu khc, click nt browse tm c s d liu cha
bng mi.
Click nt OK to Make-Table.
-70-
c) Thc thi Make-Table Query
Click nt Run thc thi query, xut hin hp thng bo s
record c a vo bng mi.
Nu ng Click yes, khi bng mi s c to, xem

kt qu trong phn Table.
4.8.3. Append query
a) Chc nng
Append query dng ni d liu vo cui mt bng c sn.
b) Cch to
Trong ca s lm vic ca Access, trn thanh Ribbon chn tab
Create, trong nhm lnh Queries, click nt Query Design.
Chn cc bng hoc query lm d liu ngun cho Append
Query. Thanh Ribbon chuyn sang tab Design.
Chn cc field cha d liu ni vo bng c sn, cc field
c chn phi tng ng vi cc
field trong bng mun ni d liu
vo.
Click nt Append trong nhm
lnh Query Type.
Xut hin hp thoi AppendChn bng mun ni d liu
vo.
-71-
Trong li thit k xut hin dng Append to, cha tn cc

field tng ng trong bng c sn.
c) Thc thi Append query
Click nt run thc thi query.
Xut hin hp thng bo s record c ni vo.
Nu ng click yes, xem kt qu trong phn Table.

4.8.4. Delete query
a) Chc nng:
Delete query xa cc record t cc bng, thng thng da
trn cc iu kin m bn cung cp, Delete query xa tt c
cc record trong mt bng trong khi vn gi nguyn cu trc
ca bng.
Delete Query l nguy him v n xa vnh vin d liu t cc
bng trong c s d liu ca bn, do trc khi thc thi loi
query ny cn phi c mt backup.
b) Cch to:
Trong ca s lm vic ca Access, trn thanh Ribbon chn
tab Create, trong nhm lnh Queries, click nt Query Design.
Chn bng hoc query cha d liu cn xa. Thanh Ribbon
chuyn sang tab Design.
Click nt Delete trong nhm
Query Type.
Chn field cha iu kin xa,
li thit k xut hin dng
Deleteti field cha iu
kin xa ta chn where.
Nhp iu kin xa trn dng Criteria.
-72-
c) Thc thi Delete Query

Click nt run thc thi, xut hin hp thng bo s record
b xa
Nu ng yes, cc record trong bng b xa, xem kt

qu trong phn Table.
-73-
Chng 5
FORM-BIU MU
5.1. Gii thiu
Form l giao din chnh dng giao tip gia ngi dng v ng
dng, form c s dng nhp d liu, xem thng tin, chnh sa
d liu, hin th thng bo, iu khin ng dng,
thit k form cn phi chn d liu ngun cho form, d liu
ngun ca form c th l table hoc query. Nu d liu ngun l
cc field trn mt bng th ly bng lm d liu ngun, nu d
liu ngun l cc field trn nhiu bng th phi to query lm d
liu ngun cho form.
5.2. Cch to form
to form, chn tab Create trn thanh
Ribbon, chn cch to form bng cc nt
lnh trong nhm lnh Forms.
Form Design: To ra mt Form mi trng v hin th n trong
ch Design View. Nu mt Table hoc Query c chn
trong khung Navigation th khi click nt Form Design, form
mi s t ng b rng buc vi ngun d liu l Table hoc
Query .
Blank Form: To ra mt form trng, form mi khng b rng
buc vi mt ngun d liu, v n s m ra trong ch
Layout View. Bn phi ch nh mt ngun d liu (bng hoc
truy vn) v thit k form bng cch thm cc iu khin t
field list.
Form Wizard: Access h tr cc bc thit k form n
gin. Wizard s yu cu cc ngun d liu, chn cc field hin
th trn form, v cho php bn chn layout cho form mi.
Navigation Form: l mt form c bit hon ton mi trong
Access 2010, nhm thit k form dng Navigation user, cho
php ngi dng d dng di chuyn gia cc thnh phn trong
form.
-74-
5.2.1. To mt Single Form
Access cung cp mt cch d dng v thun li to mt form
da trn d liu ngun l Table/Query. Cch thc hin:
Tronng Navigation, chn table hoc query m bn mun s
dng lm d liu ngun cho from.
Chn tab trn thanh Ribbon
Trong nhm lnh Form, click nt Form.
Xut hin mt Form mi dng Layout view
Single form hin th mt record ti mt thi im
Mc nh mi field hin th trn mt dng v theo th t ca
cc field trong bng hoc query d liu ngun.
Nu d liu ngun ca form l bng cha c lin kt vi bng

con, th kt qu form s hin th cc record quan h trong bng
con.
V d:
-75-
5.2.2. To form bng chc nng Form Wizard
Chc nng Form Wizard l cng c to form qua cc bc trung
gian vi mt lot cc cu hi gi gip bn chn la v xy
dng mt form ph hp nht.
Cch to:
Trong ca s lm vic ca
Access, chn tab Create trn
thanh Ribbon.
Click nt Form Wizard trong
nhm lnh Forms.
Xut hin ca s
Form Wizard
Chn Table hoc
Query lm d liu
ngun cho form.
Chn cc field hin
th trn form trong
khung Available
Fields, click nt
chn mt field,
click nt
chn tt c cc field
trong Table/Query
d liu ngun, c th
chn nhiu fields
trn nhiu bng.
Click Next.
Chn dng form gm
cc dng:
Columnar.
Tabular.
Datasheet
Click Next.
Nhp tiu cho form Finish.
-76-
5.2.3. To Form bng Design
Cng c Form v Form Wizard
gip bn thit k form mt cch
nhanh chng v d dng. Vi
Design view, bn s thit k
mt form bng tay m khng c
s h tr no ca Access. C hai cch thit k mt form bng
Design view: Form Design v Layout View (Blank Form).
a) Layout View:
Vi cch thit k ny bn c th can thip vo cc control:
Textbox, checkbox, label, nh di chuyn chng, thay i
kch thc chng, thm hoc loi b cc iu khin. Layout
view lm cho vic sp xp cc control tr nn d dng hn.
Cch to:
Chn tab Create trn thanh Ribbon, click nt Blank Form
trong nhm lnh Forms.
Xut hin mt form trng ch Layout view.
Drag chut ko cc field t field list vo form
b) Design view
Khi thit k form bng Design view th cc control khi th
vo form n khng t ng canh theo hng v ct nh Blank
Form.
-77-
Cch to:
Chn tab Create trn thanh Ribbon, click nt Design View
trong nhm lnh Forms.
Xut hin mt form trng ch Design view.
Drag chut ko cc field t field list vo form.
c) Cc phn trong ca s thit k form

Form header: Cha ni dung tiu ca
form. chn ni dung vo tiu ca
form ta s dng cc cng c trong nhm
lnh Header/Footer
Form footer: Cha ni dung ca phn
cui form, thng t cc tnh ton thng k d liu cho
form trong phn form footer. bt hoc tt thanh form
Header/Footer click phi trn thanh Header/Footer ca form,
chn hoc b chn lnh Form Header/Footer.
-78-
Detail: cha ni dung chnh ca form, phn ny hin th ni
dung trong d liu ngun ca form hoc cc control a vo
t toolbox.
d) Thit lp thuc tnh ca form
Chn form cn thit lp thuc tnh.
Click nt Properties Sheet.
Chn thuc tnh.
Cc thuc tnh trong Properties
Sheet c hin th theo tng nhm.
e) Cc thuc tnh quan trng trong nhm Format:

Thuc tnh Cng dng
Caption To tiu cho form.
Thit lp dng hin th ca form.
Single Form ch hin th mt Record
ti mt thi im.
Default view
Continuous Form: hin th cc record
lin tip nhau.
Datasheet hin th d liu dng bng.
Scroll Bar Thit lp ch hin th thanh cun.
Record
Bt/tt thanh chn record.
Selectors
Navigation
Bt/tt cc nt duyt record.
Buttons
Dividing lines Bt/tt cc ng k phn cch cc phn
ca form.
Auto Center T ng hin th form ngay gia mn
hnh.
Border Style Chn kiu ng vin ca form.
Min Max botton Bt/tt nt Max/Min.
Close Button Bt/tt nt close form.
Picture Canh v tr cho cc picture trn form.
Alignment
-79-
f) Cc thuc tnh thng dng trong nhm Data
Thuc tnh Cng dng
Record Source Chn d liu ngun cho form.
Filter Khai bo iu kin lc.
Order by Khai bo field cn sp xp s liu.
Allow filter Cho php/khng cho php lc cc record.
Allow Edits Cho php/ khng cho php chnh sa.
Allow Additions Cho php nhp thm cc record hay
khng.
5.3. S dng Form
Mt form khi thit k xong, n c ba dng xem: Layout view,
Design view, Form view.
Layout view: cho php bn xem nhng g trng ging nh
form ca bn, sp xp li cc field, v p dng nh dng.
Design view: cho php bn tinh chnh li form, trong ch
design view, bn khng nhnh thy d liu thc.
Form view: hai dng form Layout view v Design view
gip bn hiu chnh thit k form, th Form view l dng
form c s dng thc hin cc thao tc trn d liu
thng qua form.
5.3.1. Tm kim v chnh sa mt record
a) S dng form tm kim mt record
M form dng form view.
Chn tab Home trn thanh Ribbon.
t tr trong field cha d liu cn tm, Click nt Find
trong nhm lnh Find.
Xut hin ca s Find and Replace.
Find What: nhp gi tr cn tm.
Look in: Phm vi tm kim.
Search: Hng tm
Match: Chn cch so trng gi tr nhp trong Find What
vi gi tr trong field cha d liu cn tm.
-80-
b) Thay th hoc chnh sa d liu

Khi tm thy record cn tm, bn thc hin chnh sa th gi
tr sau khi chnh sa s cp nht xung bng. Nu cn thay th
gi tr th chn tab Replace trong ca s Find and Replace.
Nhp gi tr cn thay th trong Replace with
Click nt Replace hoc Replace All nu cn thay tt c gi
tr trong bng.
5.3.2. Thm mt record
Khi lm vic trn form, thm mt record mi bn thc hin nh sau:
M form ch form view
click nt New Record trn thanh Navigation button bn di
ca s form.
Form s chuyn n record trng, cho php bn nhp d
liu. Tuy nhin khi nhp d liu phi tha mn cc rng
buc trong c s d liu.
-81-
5.3.3. Xa mt record
Di chuyn n record cn xa.
Trong nhm lnh Record trn thanh
Ribbon, chn lnh Delete Chn
Delete Record. Tuy nhin khi xa
record phi xem xt nh hng n
cc Record quan h.
5.3.4. Lc d liu trn form.
M form dng Form view.
Trong nhm lnh Sort & Filter
trn thanh Ribbon, click nt
Advanced, Chn lnh Filter by
Form.
Form chuyn sang dng Filter.
Click nt combobox ca field
cha gi tr chn iu kin lc.
Nu c nhiu iu kin th bn chn tab OR bn di ca s
Filter, chn iu kin lc tip theo.
Click nt Toggle Filter thc hin lc.
Click nt Toggle Filter b lc.
-82-
5.4. Ty bin form trong ch Desing view

5.4.1. Thm mt control vo form
thm mt control vo form ta lm cc bc nh sau:
Chuyn form sang dng Design view, Thanh Ribbon chuyn
sang Form Design Tools.
Chn tab Design, trong nhm Control, chn cc control
Drag chut v vo form ti bt k v tr no m bn mong
mun.
i vi cc control c s tr gip ca Control Wizard th c

th thit k bng hai cch: Design hoc Wizard bng cch
bt tt nt Cotrol Wizard.
-83-
5.4.2. Cc loi form control
Control Tn ngha
C 2 loi
Bound control: cha ni dung ca
field
Textbox
Unbound control: khng c d liu
ngun, thng dng nhp cng
thc tnh ton.
Label S dng to nhn hoc hyperlink
Button Nt lnh dng thc hin lnh khi click
Hin th d liu thnh tng nhm trn
Tab
nhiu tab khc nhau.
Hyperlink To hyperlink
Web Ca s trnh duyt
Browser
Tab dng hin th From hoc Report
Navigation
trong c s d liu.
Option Nhm cc ty chn
group
Page Break Ngt trang
L mt Drop-down menu cho php chn
Combo box mt ty chn trong danh sch hoc nhp
thm ty chn mi
Char To mt th bng wizard
Line V ng thng
Toggle Nt c hai trng thi on/off

button
L mt Drop-down menu cho php chn
List box mt ty chn trong danh sch nhng
khng c nhp thm gi tr mi
Rectangle V hnh ch nht
Hp chn, c hai trng thi check v
Check box
uncheck
Unbound Cho php nhng cc i tng t cc
object frame phn mm khc nh: graph, picture,
-84-
m n khng c lu tr trong field ca
bng
S dng cho nhng field c kiu
Attachment
Attachment
Option L mt thnh phn ca option group
button
Subform/ Dng to subform hoc subreport
Subreport
Cho php nhng cc i tng t cc
Bound
phn mm khc nh: graph, picture,
object frame
m n c lu tr trong field ca bng
Image Hnh loi Bitmap
5.4.3. nh dng cc control trn form

a) Canh l cho cc control
Chn cc control cn canh l v thc hin mt
trong cc cch nh sau:
Click phi v chn Align, sau chn mt
trong cc kiu canh l trn submenu.
Chn tab Arrange trn Form Design Tools.
Trong nhm lnh Sizing & Ordering, click nt Align v
chn mt trong cc kiu canh l trong
Submenu.
b) Hiu chnh kch thc v khong cch
gia cc control trn form
Chn cc control cn hin chnh.
Chn tab Arrange trn Form Design Tools.
Trong nhm lnh Sizing & Ordering, click
nt Size/Space.
Chn lnh hiu chnh thch hp.
5.4.4. Thit lp thuc tnh cho control
Chn control cn thit lp thuc tnh
Click nt properties Sheet trong nhm lnh
Tools trn thanh Ribbon
-85-
5.5. Cch to cc control c h tr ca chc nng Wizard

5.5.1. Command button:
a) To bng wizard
Chn button trong nhm
Controls, drag chut v
vo form.
Xut hin ca s
Command button
Wizard.
Trong khung Categories
chn nhm lnh.
Record Navigation: cha cc lnh di chuyn gia
cc record nh:
+ Go To First Record: di chuyn n record u,
+ Go To Last Record: di chuyn n record cui,
+ Go To Next Record: di chuyn n record k
record hin hnh,
+ Go To Previous Record: di chuyn n record
trc record hin hnh.
Cc lnh ny thng dng to thanh navigation
buttons trn form.
Record Operations: gm cc lnh thm record hoc
xa record nh:
+ Add New Record: Thm record mi.
+ Delete Record: Xa record
-86-
+ Duplicate Record: To cc record c gi tr
trng tt c cc field.
+ Print Record:
+ Save Record: lu nhng thay i trc khi
chuyn n record tip theo.
+ Undo Record: Hy s thay i sau cng.
Form Operations: gm cc lnh v form
+ CloseForm: ng form hin hnh.
+ Print Current Form: in form hin hnh.
+ Open Form: M mt form khc.
Report Operations: gm cc lnh v Report
+ Open Report: m report.
+ Preview Report: xem mt report trc khi in.
+ Print Report: in report.
Application: gm lnh lin quan n ng dng nh
Quit Application.
Miscellaneous: cha nhng lnh tng hp
+ Run Query
+ Run Macro.
Chn lnh cho nt trong
khung Action, click
Next.
Chn Text hoc Picture
hin th trn nt, click
Next.
t tn cho nt, Finish.
b) To bng design
Tt nt wizard.
Chn nt button trong nhm controls.
Drag chut v vo form.
Gn lnh bng cch click phi trn nt, chn Build event.
Chn Macro builder,
Trong khung New Action, chn lnh Close Window.
in cc argument vo cc khung
-87-
Object type: Form
Object name: Nhp tn form.
5.5.2. Option group:
a) To bng wizard
Chn cng c option
group trong nhm
Controls.
Xut hin ca s Option
group Wizard.
Nhp nhn cho cc
option, click Next.
Chn/khng chn option mc nh, click Next.
Nhp gi tr cho cc option, mc nh, option u tin s c
option value l 1, click Next.
Chn v tr lu tr gi tr ca option group, click Next.

Chn loi option trong option group v style cho option
group, cc option ny c hnh dng khc nhau nhng chc
nng l ging nhau, click Next.
Nhp nhn cho Option group, click Finish.
-88-
b) To bng design
Tt nt Control Wizard.
Click nt Option group trong nhm Controls v vo form.
Chn loi Option v vo trong khung ca Option group.
M Properties Sheet ca Option group v thit lp cc thuc
tnh sau:
Control source: chn field cha d liu ngun cho
option group.
Ln lt chn tng option v gn gi tr cho thuc
tnh option value.
5.5.3. Combo box v List box:
a) To bng wizard:
Chn cng c Combo
box/List box trong
nhm Controls.
Drag chut v vo
form, xut hin ca s
Combo box Wizard
vi hai la chn ng
vi hai chc nng ca
combo box:
Nu chn I want the
combo box to get the
values from another
table or query th sau
khi click Next thc
hin bc tip theo ta
chn bng cha d
liu ngun cho
Combo box, d liu
ngun c th l Table
hoc Query, click
Next.
-89-
Chn field cha d

liu a vo
Combo box, click
nt chn
mt field hoc
click nt
chn nhiu field,
click Next.
Chn field sp xp
(c th b qua),
mc nh cc field
c sp xp,
click Next.
iu chnh rng
ca ct d liu
trong combo box.
Hide key column
(recommended): n
hoc hin ct kha.
Mc nh mc
Hide key column
c chn (ct
kha b n), nu
mun combo box
hin th field kha th b check, click Next.
-90-
Chn field cha gi

tr ca combo box,
click Next.
Nhp nhn cho
combo box, click
Finish.
Nu chn I will type
in the values that I
want, th sau khi
chn xong, click
Next.
Nhp s ct trong
Number of columns,
Nhp gi tr cho cc
ct trong combo
box, click Next.
Nhp nhn cho
combo box, click
Finish.
b) To bng Design:
Tt nt wizard.
Click nt combo box trong nhm Controls drag chut v vo
form.
S dng Properties Sheet thit lp cc thuc tnh sau:
Thuc tnh ngha
Chn field d liu ngun ca Combo box
ControlSource
(list box).
RowSource Loi d liu ngun: Table, Query, Field list,
Type Value list
Gi tr ca ct c tr v khi chn mt mc
BoundColumn
chn trong combo box (list box).
ColumnCount S ct hin th trong combo box (list box).
-91-
Ngun d liu ca combo box (list box).
Nu RowSourceType l Value List th
nhp danh sch cc gi tr cch nhau
RowSource
bng du chm phy.
Nu l Table/Query th phi chn tn
bng, tn query hay cu lnh SQL.
V d: To form ha n ly d liu ngun t bng HoaDon,
khi to combo box MaKH ta
thit lp cc thuc tnh sau:
5.6. Form v nhng bng lin kt

Access 2010 nhn ra cc quan h khi to mt form mi t mt bng
cha. Nu bng cha c nhiu bng con th Access ch hin th cc
record trong mt bng, n s chn bng u tin m n tm thy.
V d bng LOP v bng SINHVIEN trong c s d liu QLSV.
Khi to form t bng lp th n s hin th danh sch cc record
quan h trong bng con SINHVIEN.
-92-
5.6.1. Subform control
Subforms l khng th thiu cho vic hin th thng tin t hai bng
khc nhau hoc cc truy vn trn cng mt form. Thng thng,
subforms c s dng khi d liu ngun trong main c quan h
mt-nhiu vi d liu ngun ca subform. Nhiu record trong
subform c lin kt vi mt record trong mainform.
Access s dng cc thuc tnh LinkMasterFields v
LinkChildFields ca subform la chn cc record trong subform
c lin quan n mi record trong mainform.
a) To bng Wizard:
To main form: d liu ngun ca main form thng l
thng tin bng cha,
do dng form
thng l nhng
dng hin th mt
record ti mt thi
im nh columnar.
M main form ch
Design.
Bt nt control
Wizard.
Chn cng c SubForm/SubReport trong nhm Controls v
vo Form, xut hin
ca s SubForm
Wizard vi hai ty
chn:
Use existing
Tables and
Queries (s
dng bng v
cc query lm
d liu ngun
cho
subform) Next.
-93-
Chn bng hoc query lm d liu ngun cho sub
form, trong bng hoc query phi c field lin kt vi
main form Next.
Chn field lin kt vi subformNext.
Nhp tn cho subform Finish.
Use an existing form: s dng form c sn lm
subform.
Chn form lm subformNext
Nhp tn cho SubFormFinish
b) To bng Design:
Nu d liu ngun ca subform c ly t nhiu bng th
phi to query, trong query phi cha field lin kt vi main
form (link child filed)
Dng ca subform th hin quan h n, do thng chn
dng Datasheet hoc Tabular.
M main form ch design, chn cng c
subform/Subreport trong nhm Controls drag chut v vo
main form.
M Properties Sheet v thit lp cc thuc tnh:
Source object: Chn Table/Query lm d liu ngun
cho Subform, hoc chn form nu thit k form
lm subform.
Link child field: nhp tn ca field trong subform
lin kt vi main form
Link master field: nhp tn field ca main form lin
kt vi subform.
5.6.2. Hiu chnh subform:
Khi ch nh thuc tnh Source Object cho Subform th form xut
hin vi dng mc nh c quy nh trong thuc tnh Default
view.
Tuy nhin, nu bn mun s dng mt form hon ton ring bit
bn c th ty bin n.
-94-
5.6.3. To tnh ton trong subform
Khi to mt subform, bn c th mun hin th subform thng tin
tng hp dng tng th. V d, bn c th mun hin th s lng
ca cc record trong subform ti mt v tr no trn Mainform.
V d: Cn hin th s s sinh vin trong mi lp trn main form
Trc khi t tnh ton tng hp d liu trn Mainform th

gi tr ca n phi c tnh trong Subform. tnh ton
tng hp d liu phi c t trong phn footer ca
Subform.
V d: m tng s sinh vin theo lp.
-95-
Sau , trn Mainform bn chn mt text box vi
ControlSource c thit lp gi tr nh sau:
=[SubformName].Form![ControlName_inSubform]
Trong :
SubformName: l tn ca Subform
ControlName_inSubform: tn ca tnh ton tng hp d
liu trong Subform.
V d:
5.7. Tab control

Tab control l mt cng c cho php bn c th hin th nhiu ni
dung trn mt khng gian hn ch, bng cch cc t chc ni dung
cn hin th trn tng trang ring bit.
Tab control khng phi l la chn tt v nhc im ca n l cn
phi click chut di chuyn t tab ny sang tab khc.
Mt tab control c ngha nht khi cc form c thit k ch yu
cho vic xem hoc chnh sa d liu, nu d liu ny c th c
chia thnh cc nhm logic, v cng vic chnh sa thng ch lin
quan n mt nhm, th tab control l la chn tt.
-96-
5.7.1. S dng tab control
Trong Form Design Tools trn thanh Ribbon
Chn Design, trong nhm Controls,
click nt Tab Control
V tab control vo form ti v tr
thch hp.
Thm tt c cc trang cn thit.
5.7.2. Hiu chnh tab Control
a) Thm v xa tab
Khi to mi mt tab control th lun
mc nh c hai trang bn c th
thm hoc xa bng cch Click phi
chn Insert hoc Delete Page.
b) To nhn cho cc tab
Chn tab mun to nhn.
M Properties Sheet
Chn thuc tnh caption: nhp nhn cho cc trang.
c) Sp xp li th t tab
Sp xp th t ca cc trang
bng cch click phi trn
tab chn Page Order
Chn Page click nt Move
Up/Move Down.
d) t cc control vo trang
Chn trang thch hp.
Chn control trong Navigation pane, drag chut a vo
trang.
5.8. Navigation Form
Access 2010 gii thiu mt dng form mi l Navigation form, l
mt form c mt navigation control m n c th hin th mt hoc
nhiu form v report, navigation control c nhiu tab gip bn c
th di chuyn nhanh n bt k mt form khc, hoc form dng
Main/Sub.
-97-
5.8.1. To Single level Navigation Form:
Trong nhm lnh Forms trn thanh
Ribbon, click nt dropdown
Navigation.
Chn dng Navigation, gm cc
dng:
Horizontal Tabs.
Vertical Tabs, Left.
Vertical Tabs, Right.
Horizontal Tabs, 2 levels
Horizontal Tabs and Vertical
Tabs, Left.
Horizontal Tabs and Vertical Tabs, Right
Navigation form
xut hin trong
ch Design
view vi s kt
hp ca hai
control: mt
control subform
rng v ln v
mt navigation.
thm mt navigation button vo form, click chn mt
form trong Navigation Panel ca Access v drag chut ko
form vo navigation control
-98-
thay i nhn ca Navigation button, bn double click
vo nhn v nhp tn
mi.
To khong cch gia
cc navigation button
bng cch chn Form
Layout Tools, chn tab
ArrangeControl
Padding, chn loi
khong cch.
5.8.2. To Two level Navigation Form
Trong nhm lnh Forms trn thanh Ribbon, click nt
dropdown Navigation.
Chn dng Navigation: Horizontal Tabs, 2 levels
Xut hin mt Navigation Form ch Layout view vi
s kt hp ca ba control: mt control subform rng v ln
v hai navigation control.
To tiu cho level1 bng cch double click vo khung
[Add New] Nhp tiu .
Thm submenu cho tin ny bng cch drag chut ko
form t trong navigation pane vo submenu.
-99-
5.9. Lin kt n d liu quan h (Link to Related Data)
Ngoi cch dng navigation form di chuyn n cc subform,
trong cng mt form, Access 2010 cn cung cp cch khc di
chuyn t form ny n form khc.
V d t form Lp, bn c th chuyn sang mt form khc cha
danh sch cc sinh vin ca lp .
5.9.1. Hin th cc record quan h trong form ring bit
Nh phn trn trnh by, Subform dng th hin cc record
quan h ca bng cha trn Mainform. Tuy nhin, subforms khng
lun lun cung cp cho bn ch lm vic. Ty thuc vo cch
bn lm vic v s lng thng tin ln, bn c th hin th cc
record quan h trong mt form khc bng cch thm mt nt trn
Mainform, khi click nt s m form cha cc record quan h.
5.9.2. To Button dng m form cha records quan h
M Mainform dng
Design hoc dng
Layout
Trong nhm lnh
Form Design Tools,
chn tab Design.
Click nt Button, drag
chut v vo form.
Xut hin ca s
Button wizard.
Trong khung
Categories, chn
nhm lnh Form
Operation.
Trong khung action
chn lnh Open Form.
Click Next.
Chn Subform hin th
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cc record quan h. Click Next.
Chn ty chn: Open the form and find specific data to
display. Click Next.
Chn field quan h
gia hai form, l
field m da trn gi
tr ca n lc ra
cc record quan h
trong Subform. Click
Next.
Chn Text/Picture
hin th trn Button. Click Next. Nhp tn cho nt, Click
Finish.
V d: Trong form Danh sch lp, click nt Danh sch sinh
vin ca lp s m form cha cc sinh vin ca lp trong
mainform
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Chng 6
REPORT - BO CO
6.1. Gii thiu
Report l cng c to cc bo co, kt xut d liu ra mn hnh
hoc my in cung cp mt hard copy ca d liu.
Ging nh form, d liu ngun ca report c th l bng hoc l
query. Report cung cp mt cch linh hot nht xem v in thng
tin tng hp. N hin th thng tin chi tit theo mc m ngi
dng mong mun, cho php bn xem hoc in thng tin theo nhiu
nh dng khc nhau.
C 4 loi Report c bn:
Tabular reports.
Columnar reports.
Mailing-label reports.
6.2. Cch to report
6.2.1. To bng lnh Report:
Chc nng Report l cng c to
Report nhanh v d dng, thng
dng to nhng Report n gin
c d liu ngun t mt bng hoc
mt query. to bng chc nng Report ta phi chn d liu
ngun cho Report
Click nt Report trong nhm lnh Report trn thanh Ribbon.
Xut hin report dng Tabular ch Layout.
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6.2.2. To report bng chc nng Wizard
Chn tab Create trn
thanh Ribbon, trong
nhm lnh Reports,
click nt Report
Wizard.
Chn Table/Query
lm d liu ngun
cho Report.
Chn cc field hin
th trn Report trong
khung Available Field click nt chn mt field v
click nt chn nhiu field. Click Next.
Nu report ly d liu
ngun t mt bng th
b qua bc ny,
ngc li nu d liu
ly t nhiu bng th
chn field kt nhm.
Click Next.
Chn field m bn
mun sp xp d liu
cho report. C th sp
xp kt qu trong
report bng cch kt
hp ti a l 4 field.
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Chn dng Report
Layout: gm 3 dng
Columnar, Tabular,
Justified.
Orientation: chn
hng trang in
Portrait (trang
ng), Landscape
(trang ngang). Click
Next.
Nhp tiu cho report

Chn ch xem report
sau khi to xong
Preview the report.
Modify the reports
design.
Click Finish kt thc.
6.2.3. To report bng Design
a) Cch to
Chn Table/Query lm d liu ngun cho report.
Chn tab Create trn thanh Ribbon, trong nhm lnh
Reports, click nt Report Design.
Xut hin ca s thit k report v field list cha cc field
trong d liu ngun ca report.
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Ln lt drag chut ko cc field trong field list hoc cc
control trong nhm lnh Controls trn thanh Ribbon th vo
report.
b) Cc phn trong ca s thit k report
Mt report gm cc phn: Page Header/Footer, Report
Header/Footer, Detail, Group Header/Footer (Cc report c
phn nhm).
Page Header/Footer: Cha tiu u trang v cui trang.

Ni dung t trong phn Page Header/Footer s xut hin
u v cui mi trang.
Report header
Page header
Page footer
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Cc ni dung thng t trong
Page Header/Footer.
+ Page Numbers: Chn s
trang.
+ Logo: chn Logo cho Report.
+ Title: chn tiu cho Report.
+ Date and Time: Chn ngy gi hin hnh ca my.
Lu : Page Header khng cha cc thng k d liu.
Report Header/Footer: Tiu u v cui report, ni dung
t trong Report Header/Footer ch xut hin phn u ca
trang u tin v phn cui trang ca trang cui cng.
Cc ni dung thng t trong Report Header/Footer.
+ Cng thc tnh ton, thng k d liu.
Detail: cha ni dung chnh ca report, hin th d liu
trong d liu ngun di dng cc textbox bound control,
mi textbox l mt field d liu hoc cc textbox dng
unbound control dng to thm field mi.
Group Header/Footer (Cc report c phn nhm): i vi
cc report c phn nhm ging nh form dng main-sub th
ngoi cc phn c bn cn c thm phn kt nhm l group
header/Footer.
Ni dung trong phn group header/Footer l tiu ca
nhm.
Thng k d liu theo nhm.
c) Hiu chnh Report
hiu chnh report, ta m report ch design view.
Chn cc control mun hiu chnh.
M Properties Sheet, chn thuc tnh hiu chnh.
Cch hiu chnh tng t nh i vi form.
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6.3. To report c phn nhm
Chc nng kt nhm ca Report l mt cng c mnh v khng th
thiu lm khi lng ln d liu c ngha bng cch sp xp
chng thnh cc nhm nh hn, v thc hin cc php tnh ton
thng k trn mi nhm ring bit. C 3 cch s dng nhm
phn tch d liu trong report
S dng Total Query.
S dng Report Grouping.
S dng Subreports.
6.3.1. S dng Total Query
Trong trng hp ny, report khng cha phn chi tit m ch cha
cc thng k d liu: Sum, Avg, Min, Max trong phn Detail ca
report. Cch thc hin nh sau:
To Total Query, trong query chn field lm tiu chun
thng k, field cha d liu thng k v chn php thng k.
V d: To report tnh tng s lng v tng tin bn ca
tng sn phm
To report, s dng Total query to trn.
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6.3.2. Report Grouping

Report grouping gip bn c th t chc khi lng ln cc thng
tin vo cc nhm. Vi cch ny report s th hin d liu chi tit
trong tng nhm v c th thm nhiu cp nhm theo cc tiu
ch khc nhau. Cch to nh sau:
Trn thanh Ribbon, chn tab Create, trong nhm lnh
Reports, click nt Report
Design. Xut hin ca s
thit k Report, thanh
Ribbon chuyn sang tab
Design.
Trong Properties Sheet,
chn Tab Data, ti thuc
tnh Record source, chn Table/Query lm d liu ngun
cho Report.
Click nt Group& Sort trong nhm
lnh Grouping & Totals.
Trong ca s thit k xut hin
khung Group, Sort and Total bn
di ca s thit k.
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Click khung Add a Sort chn

field sp xp.
Click nt Add a group chn
field kt nhm, chn field kt
nhm trong field list, trn ca s
thit k xut hin thanh group
header.
Khung Group, Sort and Total c dng nh hnh:
M thanh group footer v thc hin cc php thng k bng

cch click nt More, ca s Group, Sort and Total c dng:
Click nt with no Total m menu Totals:

Total On: chn field cha d liu thng k
Type: Chn php thng k.
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Chn v tr t cc thng k bng cch check vo cc

ty chn:
+ Show Grand Total: t thng k trong phn report
header/footer.
+ Show group subtotal as % of Grand Total: t
thng k trong phn report header/footer.
+ Show subtotal in group header: t thng k trong
phn group header.
+ Show subtotal in group footer: t thng k trong
phn group footer.
Drag chut ko cc field phn nhm a vo group header,
v cc field cn li a vo phn detail.
V d: thit k report Ha n bn hng
Nu cn thm field kt nhm th trong khung Group, Sort

and Total click tip trong Add a group chn field tip
theo.
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6.3.3. SubReport
Subreport c tc dng tng t nh Report grouping. S khc bit
duy nht l to cc report trong hai phn ring bit: Main Report v
SubReport.
Main Report
SubReport
Cch to:
To Main Report, d liu ngun thng l bng cha.
To Sub Report, d liu ngun phi cha field lin kt vi
Main Report.
a Sub Report vo Main Report c th dng cng c
SubForm/SubReport trong nhm lnh Controls.
Thit lp thuc tnh Link child Fields v Link master Fields.
6.3.4. To report c phn nhm bng wizard
D liu ngun cho report c phn nhm thng c ly t nhiu
bng c quan h 1-n, field kt nhm thng l field kha chnh ca
bng 1.
To d liu ngun cho report theo yu cu phn nhm.
Trn thanh Ribbon, chn tab Create, click nt Report
Wizard
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Chn d liu ngun
cho report l query
to trc.
Chn cc field hin
th trong kt
quNext.
Nu d liu c quan
h 1-n th access t
phn nhmNext.
Chn thm field kt
nhm th hai nu c
yu cu (hin th hai
quan h 1-n), nu
khng th click Next.
Nu trong report c
cha field c d liu
kiu s th trong ca
s bc ny xut
hin nt Summary
Option
Click nt Summary
Options chn
php thng k.
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Cc php thng k
gm: Sum, Avg, Min,
Max.
Trong mc Show c hai
ty chn
Detail and
Summary: hin th
chi tit v thng
k d liu.
Summary Only:
ch hin th
thng k d liu.
Chn xong click OK v click Next tip tc.
Chn Layout cho report,
c ba dng Layout:
Steped: tiu ca
ct lp li u ca
mi trang.
Block v Ouline:
tiu ca ct lp
li trong tng
nhm.
Orientation: chn hng
giy in.
Portrait: trang ng.
Landscape: trang ngang.
Chn xong click Next, nhp tiu cho report, click Finish.
6.3.5. Ngt trang trong report phn nhm
i vi cc report c phn nhm, thng ngi dng c nhu cu
hin th d liu trong mi nhm trn mt trang, thc hin ta
dng chc nng ngt trang theo nhm:
Click phi trn thanh group header, chn propertiesTi
thuc tnh Force New Page chn Before section.
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6.4. Preview Rport
Sau khi thit k xong, bn phi xem Report trc khi
in, hnh thc ca report xem ch preview s l
hnh thc khi in ra giy.
xem report trc khi in bn chn mt trong cc
cch sau:
Chn Tab File Chn Print Print Preview.
Chn tab Home View Print Preview.
6.5. nh dng report
Access 2010 cung cp mt cng c cho php nh dng report vi
cc mu phong ph v p gip bn c th nh dng font ch v
mu ch cho report mt cch nhanh chng v d dng.
6.5.1. To li cho report:
M report ch Layout.
Thanh Ribbon chuyn sang Report Layout Tools.
Chn khi d liu cn to li.

Click nt Gridline chn kiu li.
6.5.2. Thit lp thuc tnh ca cc i tng trong report
Click phi trn i tng cn thay i thuc tnh, chn
properties Sheet.
Property M t
nh dng kiu d liu numbers, dates,
Format
times, text .
Decimal Places S s l.
Visible Hin th hoc n control.
Xc nh v tr ca control theo chiu
Left
ngang.
Top Xc nh v tr ca control theo chiu dc.
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Width Xc nh rng ca control.
Height Xc nh chiu cao ca control.
Chn mu nn ca control. Click nt
Back Color
chn mu.
Special Effect Chn hiu ng 3-D cho control.
Ch nh kiu ng vin ca control
Border Style transparent lines, solid lines, dashed
lines
Border Color Mu ng vin.
Border Width rng ca ng vin.
Ch nh mu cho vn bn trong cc
Fore Color
control.
Font Name Chn font ch.
Font Weight Ch m.
Font Italic Ch nghing.
Font Underline Gch di.
Text Align Canh l cho vn bn trong control.
6.5.3. nh dng d liu
a) To ct s th t
Khi to report c dng danh sch, ngoi cc field trong c s d
liu, ta c th to thm ct s th t cho danh sch:
M report ch design.
To mt textbox trong phn detail
Nhp ni dung cho textbox =1
Click phi trn textbox properties chn tab Data.
Ti thuc tnh Running Sum: chn kiu nh s th t.
No: khng nh s th t
Over Group: nh s th t theo nhm, dng cho
report c phn nhm.
Over All: nh s th t trn ton b danh sch, dng
cho report khng phn nhm.
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b) nh dng d liu kiu Text
nh dng vn bn trong cc
control dng thanh cng c
trong nhm Text Formatting
M report ch Design hoc Layout view.
Chn cc cha vn bn cn nh dng .
Chn font ch trong khung font, kch thc trong khung
size...
Ngoi ra cc nh dng khc, c th s dng menu tt khi
click chut phi trn cc control cn nh dng.
c) nh dng d liu c iu kin
Vi cng c conditional formatting bn c th nhn mnh mt
thng tin no theo cc nh dng khc nhau.
Chn gi tr trong ct m bn mun nh dng
Chn Report Layout Tools,
chn tab Format
Trong nhm lnh Control
Formating, click nt
Conditional Formatting.
Xut hin ca s Condition Formating Rules Manager
Click nt New Rule, Xut hin ca s New Formating Rule
-116-
Select a rule type: chn loi rule
Edit the rule decription: Nhp rule mi
Chn kiu nh dng cho rule OK
V d:
nh du nhng sinh vin c im trung bnh <5, vi nh dng
nn xanh ch trng.
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Chng 7
MACRO TP LNH
7.1. Gii thiu
Mt macro l mt tp hp ca mt hoc nhiu hnh ng thc hin
chnh xc theo mt trnh t t trn xung phc v cc yu cu
thao tc trn cc i tng trong c s d liu.
Mt macro gip bn thc hin cc cng vic hng ngy bng cch
t ng ha chng. Thay v thc hin bng tay cc cng vic lp i
lp li, bn c th ghi li mt macro n gin cho ton b cng vic
mt ln.
Xy dng macro bao gm cc hnh ng la chn t mt danh
sch, v sau in vo cc i s ca hnh ng.
Gi s xy dng mt form vi nt ng form bng cch to nt trn
form v xy dng mt macro ng form sau gn macro cho
s kin Click ca nt.
Object: Button
Event: Click Action:Close
C 3 loi Macro
Standalone macros: L mt i tng ca c s d liu, macro
ny sau khi c to v lu th n xut hin trong phn Macro
ca Navigation Pane..
Data macros: L loi macro c lu tr nh mt phn ca
mt table. Bn c th thit k sao cho table thc thi macro trc
hoc sau khi mt record c thm, chnh sa hoc xa
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Embedded macros: L loi macro c lu tr nh mt phn
ca mt form hoc report. Macros ny ch thc thi khi form
hoc report hoc mt i tng trn form hoc report chu tc
ng ca mt s kin.
7.2. Cch to v thc thi Standalone macros:
7.2.1. Cch to:
Chn tab Create trn thanh Ribbon, trong
nhm lnh Macro & Code, click nt Macro
Xut hin ca s thit k Macro vi cc
thnh phn:
Khung bn tri dng chn cc action trong Macro.
Khung bn phi cha cc Action theo nhm v cc i
tng trong c s d liu c gn macro.
Chn Action trong khung Add New

Action.
ng vi nhng Action khc nhau
th xut hin cc cho bn chn
hoc nhp cc argument tng ng.
V d: khi chn Action l
GotoRecord th s xut hin cc
Argument nh hnh.
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Tip tc chn Action tip theo bng cch click Add new
Action.
7.2.2. Thc thi macro
i vi macro khng gn cho s kin ca mt i tng c
th th chn tn macro v click nt run thc thi hoc
double click vo tn macro, thng dng cho cc macro
cha cc lnh Open.
V d: macro m form.
i vi macro m ch c th thc thi khi tc ng vo mt
i tng c th trn form hoc report th sau khi to v lu
macro th phi gn macro cho s kin ca i tng c th.
Cc thc hin
M form hoc report cha i tng cn gn macro.
Click phi trn i tng
chn properties, hoc chn
i tng M properties
Sheet.
Chn tab Event, chn s kin
(event).
Trong danh sch x xung
chn tn Macro.
7.2.3. Sub Macro:
Cc macro c cng tnh cht, cng chc nng hoc thc hin cc
hnh ng trn cng mt form, report thng c to trong cng
mt macro, cc macro c to bn trong mt macro gi l
-120-
Submacro. Mt macro cha nhiu Submacro bn trong n v vy
mi Submacro thnh phn bn trong phi c phn bit bng mt
tn ring.
Cch to:
Trong ca s thit k Macro, m
khung Action Catalog bng cch
click nt Action Catalog trong tab
Design trn thanh Ribbon.
Drag chut ko Submacro trong khung Action Catalog vo

ca s thit k macro.
Trong ca s
thit k xut
hin khung
Submacro.
Nhp tn cho
Submacro
Chn Action
cho Submacro.
Khi gn Submacro, ta truy xut vo tn ca Submacro.
7.2.4. Cc Actions v cc Events thng dng
a) Actions: Trong Access 2010 action c chia thnh nhm
theo chc nng.
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Data Entry Operations Macro Commands
DeleteRecord OnError
EditListItems RemoveAllTempVars
SaveRecord RunDataMacro
Database Objects RunMenuCommand
GotoControl SetLocalVar
GotoPage SetTempVar
GotoRecord StopAllMacros
OpenForm StopMacro
OpenReport System Commands
OpenTable Beep
PrintObject CloseDatabase
PrintPreview QuitAccess
SelectObject User Interface Commands
SetProperty AddMenu
Filter/Query/Search BrowseTo
ApplyFiler LockNavigationPane
FindNextRecord MessageBox
FindRecord SetMenuItem
OpenQuery UndoRecord
Refresh Window Management
RemoveFilterSort CloseWindow
SetFilter MaximizeWindow
SetOrderBy MinimizeWindow
ShowAllRecords MoveAndSizeWindow
RetoreWindow.
b) Events: S kin tc ng ln i tng thc thi macro.
Ty thuc vo i tng khc nhau s c nhng event khc
nhau.
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Mouse v Keyboard event
Event ngha
Click click chut trn i tng.
DblClick Double click trn i tng.
MouseDown Nhn phm ca chut trn mt i tng.
MouseMove Di chuyn chut ngang i tng.
MouseUp Th phm ca chut khi ang tr n i
tng
KeyDown Nhn phm ca bn phm
KeyUp Th phm
Form Event
Event ngha
Open Khi form c m, nhng record u tin
cha hin th
Load Khi form c load vo b nh nhng
cha m
Resize Khi kch thc ca form thay i
Unload Khi ng form v record unload, v trc
khi form di chuyn khi mn hnh
Close Khi ng form
Activate Khi form nhn focus, tr thnh ca s
active
GotFocus Khi form khng active
LostFocus Khi form mt focus
Form Data Events
Event ngha
Khi di chuyn mt record khc n record
Current
hin hnh
BeforeInsert Sau khi d liu u tin c nhp vo new
record v trc khi record thc s c to
AfterInsert After the new record c thm vo bng
BeforeUpdate Trc khi d liu thay i c cp nht
vo record.
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Sau khi d liu thay i c cp nht vo
AfterUpdate
record.
Khi filter c ch nh nhng trc khi n
Filter
c p dng.
ApplyFilter Sau khi filter c p dng vo form.
Control Event
Event ngha
Trc khi d liu trong control thay i th
BeforeUpdate
cp nht vo recordset.
Sau khi s thay i d liu c cp nht
AfterUpdate
vo recordset ca form.
Change Khi ni dung trong text box thay i.
GotFocus Khi mt control nhn focus
LostFocus Khi mt control mt focus
Click Khi click chut
DblClick Khi double click
7.3. To Data Macro
Data macro l loi macro c lu tr nh mt phn ca mt table,
macro ny khng xut hin trong phn macro ca Navigation pane.
7.3.1. Cch to:
M bng ch Design view bng cch click phi trn tn
ca Table trong Navigation Pane v chn
Design view.
Click nt Create Data Macros trong nhm
lnh Field, Record & Table Event.
Xut hin danh sch cc s kin (Event)
ca data macro:
After Insert After: Sau khi mt record
mi c thm vo bng.
After Update: Sau khi bt k mt field trong bng c
uppdate.
After Delete: Sau khi mt record trong bng b xa
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Before Delete: Khi mt record trong bng b xa.
Before Change: Khi mt record trong bng c
uppdate.
Chn mt event trong danh sch.
Xut hin ca s thit k macro, chn action cho macro theo
yu cu.
ng ca s thit k macro, tr li ca s thit k bng.
ng ca s thit k v lu sau m bng li ch
datasheet view.
V d: to mt data macro ngn khng cho ngi nhp liu
trng n v tnh.
Khi nhp d liu hoc chnh sa d liu trong bng nu trng

n v tnh th xut hin thng bo nh
hnh.
7.3.2. Cc Action ca data macro
DeleteRecord: Nh tn gi ca n,
DeleteRecord xa mt record trong
mt bng (khng c xc nhn ca
ngi dng). R rng, DeleteRecord
phi c cn thn s dng ngn
chn vic xa d liu qu gi t ng
dng
CancelRecordChange: Hy b cc
thay i c thc hin bi
EditRecord v CreateRecord..
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ExitForEachRecord: ForEachRecord duyt qua mt
Recordset m n c tr v t mt Table hoc Query, cho
php macro thay i d liu ca recordset. C nhiu tnh
hung m data macro cn phi thot khi mt vng lp
ForEachRecord trc khi duyt n cui recordset.
V d mt data macro tm kim mt gi tr trong mt bng,
v hai gi tr c tm thy, khng c cn phi tip tc vng
lp th ExitForEachRecord c thc hin theo mt iu
kin.
LogEvent: Tt c cc ng dng ca Access 2010 bao gm
mt bng UsysApplicationLog c s dng ghi li cc
li data macro v c th c s dng truy cp cc thng tin
khc. LogEvent thm mt record vo
USysApplicationLog bt c lc no bn mun t mt data
macro.
SendEmail: gi mt e-mail bng cch s dng Microsoft
Office Outlook.
SetField: cp nht gi tr ca mt field trong mt bng.
Nhng argument ca SetField bao gm tn bng v tn field,
v gi tr mi gn cho field ny.
SetLocalVar: Macro trong Access 2010 c th s dng cc
bin cc b thng qua cc gi tr t mt phn ca mt macro
khc.
StopMacro: chm dt v thot khi macro. Hu ht thng
c s dng kt hp vi mt khi lnh IF
StopAllMacros: Kt thc cc Action thc hin song song.
RunDataMacro: i s duy nht ca n l tn ca mt s
data macro khc, n gin ch gi macro v cho php n
thc hin cc Action ca n nh l mt hot ng n l.
OnError: Action chnh trong Access 2010 v x l li macro.
OnError ch th cho Access phi lm g khi li xy ra trong qu
trnh thc hin macro.
-126-
RaiseError: thng qua mt li chuyn n cc lp giao din
ngi dng. V d s dng RaiseError cho s kin BeforeChange
xc nhn d liu trc khi c s thay i trong c s d liu.
ClearMacroError: Action ny thc thi khi mt li c x
l bng action RaiseError.
7.3.3. Xa data macro
xa data macro, ta m bng ch Design view.
Click nt Rename/Delete macro.
7.4. Embedded macros
Khi to mt nt lnh trn form bng chc nng wizard th mt
macro c gn lin vi form ging nh data macro c gn lin
vi bng. Macro ny khng xut hin trong phn macro ca
Navigation pane.
xem hoc hiu chnh ni
dung ca Embedded macro ta
m form hoc report ch
design view, chn nt lnh v
m properties sheet ca nt lnh,
ti event, click nt , xut hin
ca s thit k macro, sau thc hin hiu chnh.
7.5. Hiu chnh macro
7.5.1. Thay i action arguments.
Click chn mt action
Xut hin cc text box cho php nhp hoc hiu chnh
argument ca action.
Lu li kt qu sau khi thay i.
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7.5.2. Sp xp cc actions
Click vo bt k phn no ca action, ngoi tr bn trong
cc text box.
Drag chut ko action n v tr mi.
Hoc click vo n, v sau s dng ln v xung cc phm mi
tn trn bn phm hoc mi tn mu xanh trong ca s thit k.
7.5.3. Thm mt action mi.
Bn di ca mi macro lun c mt Add New
Action ch bn la chn mt action. Tuy nhin,
c mt cch khc tm thy nhng action l da
vo khung Action categories, bng cch double
click vo action m bn mun thm vo macro.
7.5.4. Xa mt action.
Chn action cn xa
Click nt delete bn phi hoc nhn phm
Delete
7.6. Cc hm thng dng trong biu thc iu kin
7.6.1. Hm MsgBox (msg, type, title):
Hm c tc dng cho xut hin hp thng bo, trn hp thng bo
c cc nt yes, no, ok, cho ngi dng chn la. Gi tr tr v
ca hm chnh l s chn la click vo nt lnh no trn hp thng
bo.
a) Cc tham s ca hm
Message: Ni dung ca chui thng bo.
Type: gi tr s biu din cc nt lnh v biu tng trn hp
thng bo.
Title tiu ca hp thng bo.
b) Gi tr s ca cc biu tng v nt lnh trn hp thng
bo
-128-
Gi tr s Biu tng v nt lnh trn hp thng bo
16 Biu tng du cm. (Stop)
32 Biu tng du hi. (Question)
48 Biu tng du cm thn. (Exclamation)
1 Gm hai nt OK, Cancel.
2 Gm ba nt Abort, Retry, Ignore.
3 Gm ba nt Yes, No, Cancel.
4 Gm hai nt Yes, No.
5 Gm hai nt Retry, Cancel.
c) Gi tr tr v ca hm l s chn la nt lnh trn hp
thng bo
Gi tr tr v ca S la chn nt lnh trn hp

hm MsgBox thng bo
1 Ngi s dng chn nt OK.
2 Ngi s dng chn nt Cancel.
3 Ngi s dng chn nt Abort.
4 Ngi s dng chn nt Retry.
5 Ngi s dng chn nt Ignore.
6 Ngi s dng chn nt Yes.
7 Ngi s dng chn nt No.
V d: khi click nt xa chng trnh s xut hin hp thng

bo xc nhn Bn c chc chn xa khng?, nu ngi
dng click nt yes th xa, ngc li th khng xa. Biu thc
iu kin c dng:
-129-
7.6.2. DCount (expr, domain, criteria):
m s record trong tp record c ch nh bi tham s
<<Domain>> tha mn iu kin c ch nh trong biu thc
<<criteria>>.
+ expr: tn field mun m s record
+ domain: tn bng cha expr
+ criteria: biu thc iu kin
V d:
=DCount ("[MaHD]", "HoaDon", "[MaKH] = SJC")
7.7. Macro Autoexec
Macro Autoexec l macro t ng thc thi khi chng trnh c
khi ng v c tn l autoexec.
Macro autoexec thng dng m form giao din, khi ng dng
c khi ng th form giao din t ng m ra u tin. thc
hin ta to mt macro autoexec cha action OpenForm, Form name
l tn form giao din, tn macro l autoexec.
7.8. Xy dng h thng menu bng macro
Mt ng dng hon chnh thng cn n h thng menu lin
kt cc thnh phn thnh mt h thng.
V d: h thng menu trong chng trnh qun l ha n
7.8.1. To macro cho h thng menu:

Trong Access 2010, menu do ngi dng to c t chc thnh
nhm ging nh nhm lnh trn thanh Ribbon t trong tab Add-
In.
To menu cp 1: chnh l Main Menu dng action
Addmenu vi cc Argument nh sau:
-130-
+ Menu Name: tn cc menu trong menu cp 1.
+ Menu Macro Name: tn macro to menu cp 2.
+ StatusBar Text: Dng vn bn xut hin trn thanh
status bar khi menu c chn.
+ Gi s Main menu gm 4 Menu
+ Tng ng vi mi Menu trong Main Menu ta to mt

Macro vi tn chnh l tn trong thuc tnh Menu
Macro Name ca Main
Menu.
To macro cho menu cp 2:
+ Macro ny c tn trng vi
tn c t trong mc
Menu Macro Name ca
macro cp 1, mi menu l
mt macro
+ Trong menu chnh c bao
nhiu menu con th to by
nhiu macro
-131-
7.8.2. a menu vo chng trnh
a menu vo hot ng th cn phi c mt form chnh ca
chng trnh, khi form ny c m th h thng menu s c
kch hot:
M form chnh ch
design.
Click phi trn form
properties.
Chn tab Other.
Ti thuc tnh Menu
bar, nhp tn macro
cp1.
-132-
Chng 8: MODULE
8.1. Gii thiu
Mc d macro h tr mt cch nhanh chng v d dng t
ng ha cc ng dng nhng macro khng c tnh mm do, vi
nhng yu cu phc tp th macro khng gii quyt c.
Module l mt cng c ca access dng ngn ng Visual Basic
to nhng chng trnh nhm gii quyt nhng hn ch ca macro.
Module v cc th th tc ca n l i tng ch yu ca ngn
ng lp trnh VBA (Visual Basiv for Application). C hai loi
module: module dng chung v module gn lin vi form, report.
Module dng chung l nhng th tc, hm c s dng
chung cho ton b cc form, report c trong tp tin c s d
liu, cc module ny c th c gi t bt k form, report
no, n c cha trong phn Module ca Navigation pane.
Module gn lin vi form, report l nhng hm, th tc
gn lin vi cc i tng trn form, report, cc module ny
l mt thnh phn ca form, report, n khng xut hin
trong phn Module ca Navigaiton pane.
8.1.1. Ca s son tho code VB
Trn thanh Ribbon, chn tab Create, click nt Module trong
nhm lnh Macros & Code xut hin ca s son tho gm
cc thnh phn
Project window: Khung cha tt c cc module trong
c s d liu.
Properties window: Khi code cha c to th ca s
ny l rng.
Immediate window: ca s thc thi lnh trc tip.
-133-
Document window: Ca s son tho code VB, khi to

module mi trong ca s ny xut hin cc dng code mc
nh
Option Compare Database: Ch th ny cho Visual Basic
bit cch x l cc php ton so snh cc phn ca vn bn.
Option Explicit: Ch th ny cho Visual Basic kim tra li
nghim ngt khi s dng cc bin.
8.2. Cch to Module
8.2.1. To mt module dng chung
Trn thanh Ribbon chn tab Create Module.
Xut hin ca s son tho.
Nhp code ca cc th tc trong ca s son tho.
Click nt run thc thi module,

hoc gi module t cc module hoc cc
i tng khc trong c s d liu.
Sau khi hon tt lu module, module
ny xut hin trong phn Module ca
thanh Navigation.
Nu ang lm vic trong ca s son
tho th cc module dng chung xut
hin trong Project Window
-134-
8.2.2. Module gn vi form, report:
M i tng form hoc report ch design.
Click phi trn control mun gn module chn properties.
Chn tab event chn event thch hp Click nt
Xut hin ca s Choose Builder.
Chn lnh Code BuilderOK.
Xut hin ca s son tho module vi ni mc nh
Sub ControlName_SuKien()
Code do ngi dng nhp
End Sub
M Form hoc report, tc dng s kin

vo control thc thi module.
Module ny i lin vi form hoc report.
8.2.3. Cc thnh phn trong module
Phn khai bo chung (Declaration Section): gm nhng
lnh khai bo bin, hng, v khai bo v cch thc lm vic.
Cc hng, bin khai bo trong phn ny s c hiu lc trong
tt c cc th tc.
Phn cc th tc: gm cc th tc trong module, mi th tc
gm cc lnh khai bo bin, hng, v cc lnh trong th tc,
cc hng v bin trong phn ny ch c hiu lc trong th tc
khai bo n. Cu trc ca mt th tc:
Sub <Tn th tc> ( )

Cc lnh
End Sub
-135-
Phn khai bo
Phn th tc
8.2.4. Lnh khai bo:

a) Khai bo cch thc lm vic ca access
Option Compare Database: so snh cn c vo b m ring
ca tng nc.
Option Compare Text: so snh khng phn bit ch hoa, ch
thng.
Option Compare Binary: so snh cn c vo gi tr nh phn
ca cc k t trong bng m.
Option Explicit: Thit lp ch phi khai bo bin trc
khi dng, mc nh l khng khai bo bin trc khi dng.
b) Khai bo bin:
C php:
Dim <Tn bin> As <Kiu d liu>
V d:
Dim i As Integer, st As String*15
c) Phm vi ca bin:
Bin cc b: l bin c khai bo trong mt th tc hoc
trong phn Declarations ca form hoc report, ch c tc
dng trong th tc khai bo n hoc trong form hoc report
cha n.
-136-
Bin ton cc: l bin c khai bo sau t kha Public,
bin ny c khai bo ti phn Declaration ca Module
dng chung.
Public <Tn bin> As <Kiu d liu>
d) Khai bo hng
Hng l i lng c gi tr khng i trong sut qu trnh
thc thi chng trnh.
C php:
[Public|Private] <Const TenHang> [As kiu d liu] =

<Biu thc>
V d:
Const ngay = #24/12/2004#
8.2.5. Lnh gn
Dng gn gi tr cho mt bin hay mt hng. Lnh gn c s
dng trong thn ca th tc.
a) Lnh Let: Gn gi tr ca mt biu thc cho mt bin.
C php :
[Let] tenBien| tenHam = BieuThuc

tenBien.TenThanhPhan = BieuThuc
tendoiTuong{ . | ! } (Thuoctinh | tenDoiTuong) = BieuThuc
b) Lnh Set : Gn i tng cho mt bin thuc loi i

tng tng ng.
C php :
Set tenBien = {[New] bieuThuc | Nothing}
-137-
V d :
Sub Vidu
Dim myDB as database
Dim mySet As recordset
Set myDb = CurrentDB
Set mySet = myDb.OpenRecordSet(NhanVien)
End Sub
8.3. Kiu d liu:
8.3.1. Kiu s:
Byte: Kiu s nguyn dng trong phm vi t 0..255,
chim 1 byte.
Integer: Kiu s nguyn, c gi tr trong khong -
32768...32767, chim 2 bytes.
Long: Kiu s nguyn di, c gi tr trong khong
2,147,483,648 .. 2,147,483,647, chim 4 bytes.
Single: Kiu s thc, c gi tr trong khang 1.401298E-
45 to 3.402823E38. Chim 4 bytes.
Double: Kiu s thc c gi tr trong khong
4.94065645841247E-324 to 1.79769313486232E308.
Chim 8 bytes.
Currency: Kiu tin t. Bn cht l kiu s, chim 8
bytes, c gi tr trong khong -
922,337,203,685,477.5808 to
922,337,203,685,477.5807. c bit, kiu ny lun c
k hiu tin t i km.
8.3.2. Kiu chui: String
a) Variant :
Variant l kiu d liu khng tng minh, c th cha gi tr s
hoc chui
V d: Dim a As Variant
a = 123
a = Nguyen Van Nam
-138-
8.3.3. Kiu i tng thuc c s d liu
Database: C s d liu ang m
Recordset: Tp hp cc mu tin
Field : Trng trong bng
Form: Form ang s dng
Form_TenForm: Form ang c ch nh
QueryDef: Bng truy vn (Query)
TableDef: Bng d liu (Table)
8.4. Cc hm thng dng
8.4.1. Hm MsgBox:
Hm c tc dng lm xut hin hp thng bo trn c cc nt
cho ngi dng chn la, gi tr tr v ca hm l s chn la ca
ngi dng trn hp thng bo.
C php:
MsgBox(Cu thng bo, Kiu HTB+ Biu tng,Tiu )
Trong :
Cu thng bo: l ni dung s xut hin trong hp thng
bo.
Kiu hp thng bo (HTB) gm :
VbOkOnly Hp thng bo ch c nt OK
VbOkCancel Hp thng bo gm 2 nt OK v Cancel
VbYesNo Hp thng bo gm 2 nt Yes No
VbYesNoCancel Hp thng bo gm 2 nt Yes No v Cancel
Biu tng trn hp thng bo gm:

vbCritical Biu tng X
vbQuestion Biu tng ?
vbExclamation Biu tng !
vbInformation Biu tng i
-139-
Gi tr tr v ca hm l VbYes, VbNo, VbOk,
V d:
Lnh MsgBox: c tc dng cho xut hin hp thng bo,

khng c gi tr tr v.
C php:
MsgBox Cu thng bo, Kiu HTB, Tiu
8.4.2. Hm InputBox:
Hin th hp thng bo, trn hp thng bo c mt textbox cho
ngi dng nhp gi tr vo bin.
C php:
InputBox( Cu thng bo, Tiu , Gi tr mc nh
Gi tr tr v ca hm InputBox l gi tr do ngi dng nhp vo

textbox
V d:
Sub tong()
Dim a As Integer
Dim b As Integer
Dim t As Integer
a = InputBox("Nhap a", "nhap du lieu", 0)
b = InputBox("Nhap b", "nhap du lieu", 0)
t=a+b
MsgBox a & "+" & b & "=" & a + b, vbOKOnly, "ket qua"
End Sub
-140-
8.4.3. Hm d liu s
a) Int(<Number>): Ly phn nguyn ca <Number>
b) Php Mod: <Number1> Mod <Number2>, cho kt qu l
phn d ca php chia Number1 cho Number2
c) Format(<Number>, format): nh dng d liu s hoc
chuyn chui s thnh s
V d:
nh dng d liu s:
Format(123456.789, #,###.00) 123.456,46
Chuyn chui thnh s
Format(123456.789, #,###.00) 123.456,46
d) Val(<Chui s>) : chuyn <Chui s> thnh s.
8.4.4. Hm x l chui
a) Left(<Chui>,n)
b) Right((<Chui>,n)
c) Mid(<Chui >,m,n)
d) Len(<Chui >)
e) Trim(<Chui >)
8.5. Bin kiu i tng
Bin i tng l bin dng ch mt loi i tng nh CSDL,
b cc mu tin, biu mu, iu khin. C hai loi bin i tng:
i tng c sn, khi dng khng cn phi khai bo.
i tng khng c sn, khi dng phi khai bo.
Mi i tng gm c cc phng thc v thuc tnh, truy xut
n cc phng thc v thuc tnh ca i tng ta dng c php:
<Tn i tng>. <phng thc>

<Tn i tng>.<thuc tnh>
-141-
8.5.1. Cc i tng c sn:
1. Application: Dng thc hin cc cng vic lin quan n
ng dng.
a) Cc phng thc ca Application:
SetOption: thit lp cc ty chn trong ca s Options.
C php :
Application.SetOption OptionLabel, OptionValue
V d : Thit lp mc ty chn ca trang Edit/Find mc

conFirm
Application.SetOption Confirm record changes , False
Application.SetOption Confirm document deletions, 0
Quit: thot khi Access
C php :
Application.Quit QuitType
QuitType: kiu ng.
acSave: T ng lu tt c cc i tng khng cn
hi.
acPrompt: Trc khi thot, hin th hp thoi hi
ngi dng c lu nhng thay i khng.
acExit: Thot v khng lu..
b) Cc thuc tnh ca Application:
MenuBar: dng to thanh menu cho chng trnh.
C php :
Application.MenuBar = MenuName
2. Docmd: Dng thc hin nhng cng vic thng thng

trong access bng ngn ng VB nh m form, m report,
query, lc d liu, thi hnh macro, ....
-142-
a) Cc phng thc ca Docmd:
Close: Dng ng i tng.
C php
DoCmd.Close [ObjectType], [ObjectName], [SaveOption]

ObjectType: kiu i tng cn ng
acForrm: ng form.
acReport: ng report.
acQuery: ng query.
acTable: ng bng.
ObjectName: Tn i tng cn ng.
SaveOption: Ty chn lu hoc khng lu khi ng
i tng.
SaveNo: Khng lu.
SaveYes: Lun lu.
SavePromt: Hin th hp thoi nhc lu nu c
s thay i.
V d:
DoCmd.Close acForm, "frmHoadon", acSaveNo
OpenForm: M form v thit lp mi trng lm vic
cho form
C php
DoCmd.OpenForm [objectName], [ViewMode],

[FilterName], [WhereCondition], [DataMode],
[WindowsMode]
ObjectName: tn form mum m.

ViewMode: ch m.
acDesign: m form thit k.
acNormal:m form thao tc.
FilterName : M form lc.
-143-
WhereCondition: iu kin gii hn d liu.
DataMode: thit lp ch d liu trn form.
WindowsMode: thit lp kiu ca s ca form:
acDialog : Kiu hp thoi.
acWindowsNormal Kiu ca s bnh thng.
V d:
DoCmd.OpenForm "frmLapHoaDon", , ,"hoadonID = 'H0035'
OpenReport: M report v thit lp mi trng lm vic
cho report
C php:
DoCmd.OpenReport [objectName], [ViewMode],
[FilterName], [WhereCondition], [DataMode],
[WindowsMode]
ObjectName tn Report.
ViewMode: Ch m.
acDesign: M report ch thit k.
acNormal: M Report thi hnh.
FilterName : iu kin lc.
WhereCondition: iu kin gii hn d liu ngun.
DataMode: thit lp ch d liu trn Report.
WindowsMode: thit lp kiu ca s report:
acDialog: Kiu hp thoi.
acWindowsNormal: Kiu ca s bnh thng.
V d:
DoCmd.OpenReport "rptHoadon", , ,"hoadonID= '" +
txtHoadonID + "'"
GotoRecord: Di chuyn gia cc record
C php:
DoCmd. GotoRecord [ObjectType], [ObjectName],
[Record]
-144-
ObjectType: kiu i tng.
ObjectName: Tn i tng.
Record:
acFirst: Di chuyn n record u.
acLast: Di chuyn n record cui.
acNewRec: Di chuyn n record mi.
acNext: Di chuyn n record tip.
acPrevious: : Di chuyn n record trc.
Quit: Thot khi access
C php: DoCmd.Quit [QuitType]
QuitType: kiu thot

acQuitPrompt: Hin th hp thoi nhc lu nu
c s thay i trc khi thot
acQuitSaveAll: thot v lu tt c.
acQuitSaveNone: thot v khng lu.
RunSQL: thc thi cu lnh SQL
C php:
Docmd.RunSQL SQLStatement
V d:
DoCmd.RunSQL "UPDATE canbo SET luongchinh
= hessoluong*290000"
8.5.2. i tng khng c sn:
1. Database: l thnh phn cha Table hay query. s dng
i tng Database phi khai bo trc.
C php:
Dim BienDataBase as Database
Set BienDatabase = CurrentDb
2. Recordset: Truy xut n cc record trong table hoc query

trong c s d liu.
-145-
C php:
Dim BienRecordset as Recordset

Set BienRecordset =
BienDataBase.OpenRecordset(Table/Query, loi)
Table/Query: ch cc table/query lm d liu ngun

cho bin recordset.
Loi: ch loi d liu ngun. c 3 loi.
+ DBOpenTable: d liu ngun l table, loi
bin ny h tr hu ht cc tc v trn bng d
liu vi tnh trng cp nht mi nht.
+ DBOpenDynaset: d liu ngun l table hoc
l query, h tr cho tc c Find.
+ DBOpenSnap: tng t nh DBOpenDynaset
nhng khng cho thay i d liu.
a) Phng thc ca Recordset
MoveFirst, MovePrevious, MoveNext, MoveNext : di
chuyn gia cc record.
AddNew: Thm mt record mi.
FindFirst/FindPrevious/FindNext/FindNext <iu kin
tm>: tm mt record theo iu kin cho trc.
+ <iu kin tm>: vit theo c php sau:
Tn Field= & Gi tr&
Nu c nhiu iu kin th vit theo c php sau:
Tn Field= & Gi tr 1& And Gi tr 2=
+ Gi tr 1, gi tr 2 c th l tn bin, hoc hng, hoc
nhn
Edit, Update: Chnh sa v cp nht d liu, hai
phng thc ny lun i km nhau.
C php :
-146-
BinRecordset.Edit
BinRecordset!tenField = bieuthuc

BinRecordset.Update
EOF/BOF: kim tra v tr ca record.
b) Thuc tnh
NoMatch: Tm record
RecordCount: m s record c trong bin recordset.
8.6. Cu trc iu khin:
8.6.1. Cu trc IfThenElse
Lnh IfThenElse thc hin lnh da vo gi tr ca
biu thc iu kin
C php:
If <iu kin 1> Then
[<lnh 1>]
[ElseIf <iu kin2> Then
[<lnh 2>]]...
[Else
[<lnh n>]]
End If
Hoc
If <iu kin> Then <Lnh 1>[Else <Lnh 2>]
V d:
If so Mod 2 = 0 Then
Msgbox S chn !
Else
Msgbox S l !
End If
-147-
8.6.2. Cu trc Select Case
C php:
Select Case <Biu thc>

[Case <gi tr 1>
[<th tc 1>]]
...
[Case Else
[<th tc n>]]
End Select
V d:
Select Case so
Case 1
thang = "Janualy"
Case 2
thang = "February"
Case 3
thang = "March"
Case 4
thang = "April"
Case 5
thang = "May"
Case 6
thang = "June"
Case 7
thang = "July"
Case 8
thang = "August"
Case 9
thang = "September"
Case 10
thang = "October"
Case 11
-148-
thang = "November"
Case 12
thang = "December"
Case Else
thang = "Khng xc nh"
End Select
8.6.3. Cu trc ForNext
C php:
For <Bin chy> = <gi tr 1> To <Gi tr 2> [Step <n>]

[<th tc>]
[Exit For]
[<th tc>]
Next [bin chy]
<bin chy> l bin kiu s nguyn.

<gi tr 1>, < gi tr 2> l cc gi tr m bin chy s
nhn v thc hin dch chuyn sau mi ln lp.
Trong trng hp c bit nu gp lnh Exit For trong
vng lp, ngay lp tc thot khi lnh lp v thc hin
lnh tip ngay sau t kho Next.
V d:
Dim i As Byte
Dim tong As Integer
tong = 0
For i = 1 To 50
tong = tong +i
Next
Msgbox tong
-149-
8.6.4. Cu trc For EachNext
C php:
For Each item In group

[<th tc>]
[Exit For]
[<th tc>]
Next [item]
8.6.5. Cu trc DoLoop

C php:
Do [{While | Until}<condition>]
[<th tc>]
[Exit Do]
[<th tc >]
Loop
Hoc
Do
[<th tc >]
[Exit Do]
[<th tc >]
Loop [{While | Until}<condition>]
8.7. Lnh Function

Lnh Function dng khai bo mt hm mi.
C php:
Function <tn hm>([<danh sch cc tham s>])As <kiu
DL hm><th tc>
End Function
-150-
Function, End Function l cc t kho bt buc khai

bo cu trc mt chng trnh con dng hm
<tn hm> l tn gi hm ang khai bo. Tn khng
cha du cch v k t c bit
<danh sch cc tham s> l cc tham s cn thit cho
hm. C th c hoc khng
<kiu DL hm> Kiu d liu tr v ca hm.
<th tc> thn chng trnh con. Trong cu lnh
<tn hm> = <biu thc>
phi xut hin t nht mt ln trong th tc. Cu
lnh ny c tc dng gn gi tr cho hm.
V d:
Function Tong2So(a, b As Double) As Double
Tong2So = a + b
End Function
8.8. Lnh Sub
Lnh Sub khai bo mt th tc con mi.
C php:
[Public] [Private] Sub <tn CTC>([<danh sch cc tham s>])

<th tc>
End Sub
V d:
Sub tong2so(a, b As Double)
tong = a + b //tong l bin ton cc
End Sub
8.9. Lnh Call
Lnh Call c s dng truyn iu khin n th tc.
-151-
C php:
Call subroutinename [(<arguments>)]

Hoc
subroutinename [<arguments>]
V d:
Vit cc th tc thc hin cc cng vic di chuyn gia cc record

v thm tm xa thot.
Option Compare Database
Dim db As Database
Dim rst As Recordset
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Sub LoadDb()
Set db = CurrentDb()
Set rst = Me.Recordset
End Sub
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Private Sub CmdDau_Click()
LoadDb
rst.moveFirst
End Sub
-152-
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Private Sub CmdTruoc_Click()
LoadDb
rst.MovePrevious
If rst.BOF Then
rst.MoveNext
MsgBox "Day la mau tin dau roi", vbInformation + vbOKOnly,
"thong bao"
End If
End Sub
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Private Sub CmdNext_Click()
LoadDb
rst.MoveNext
If rst.EOF Then
rst.MovePrevious
MsgBox "Day la mau tin cuoi roi", vbInformation + vbOKOnly,
"thong bao"
End If
End Sub
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Private Sub CmdLast_Click()
LoadDb
rst.MoveLast
End Sub
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Private Sub CmdXoa_Click()
-153-
Dim rs As Recordset
Dim MakhStr As String
Set rs = Me.Recordset
MakhStr = InputBox("Nhap vao ma khach hang can xoa")
rs.FindFirst "[MAKH]='" & MakhStr & "'"
If rs.NoMatch Then
MsgBox "Makhachhang " & MakhStr & "khong tim thay"
End If
End Sub
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Private Sub CmdThem_Click()
LoadDb
Dim ma As String
Dim ten As String
Dim dc As String
Dim tp As String
Dim dt As String
ma = InputBox("nhap ma khach hang:")
If ma = "" Then
Exit Sub
End If
ten = InputBox("nhap ten khach hang:")
If ten = "" Then
Exit Sub
End If
dc = InputBox("nhap dia chi khach hang:")
tp = InputBox("nhap thanh pho cua khach hang:")
-154-
dt = InputBox("nhap dien thoai cua khach hang:")
rst.AddNew
rst!MAKH = ma
rst!TENKH = ten
rst!DIACHI = dc
rst!THANHPHO = tp
rst!DIENTHOAI = dt
rst.Update
End Sub
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Private Sub CmdTim_Click()
LoadDb
Dim str As String
str = InputBox("nhap ma can tim:")
If str = "" Then
Exit Sub
Else
rst.FindFirst "makh='" & str & "'"
If rst.NoMatch Then
MsgBox "khong tim thay."
End If
End If
End Sub
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Private Sub CmdXoa_Click()
LoadDb
Dim str As String
-155-
str = InputBox("NHAP MAKH CAN XOA?")
rst.FindFirst "MAKH='" & str & "'"
If rst.NoMatch Then
MsgBox "KHONG TIM THAY THONG TIN NAY",
vbInformation + vbOKOnly, "THONG BAO"
Else
rst.Delete
rst.MoveNext
End If
End Sub
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Private Sub CmdThoat_Click()
If MsgBox("CO MUON THOAT KHONG?", vbOKCancel,
"THONG BAO") = vbOK Then
DoCmd.Close , , acSaveYes
End If
End Sub
-156-
Mc lc
Chng 1 TNG QUAN V MICROSOFT ACCESS 2010.............. 1
1.1. Gii thiu:................................................................................... 1
1.2. Khi ng Access 2010: ............................................................ 2
1.3. Cc thnh phn trong ca s khi ng: .................................... 2
1.3.1. Thanh Quick Access: ............................... 2
1.3.2. Vng lm vic:........................................................................ 3
1.3.3. Thanh Ribbon: ........................................................................ 3
1.3.4. Ca s Properties .................................................................... 4
1.3.5. Thanh Navigation Pane .......................................................... 5
1.4. Cch to tp tin c s d liu: .................................................... 5
1.4.1. To mt c s d liu mi rng: ............................................ 5
1.4.2. To c s d liu theo mu (Template) .................................. 6
1.5. Qun l c s d liu ................................................................. 6
1.5.1. Recent: .................................................................................... 6
1.5.2. M mt c s d liu: ............................................................ 6
1.5.3. Thot khi access: .................................................................. 7
1.5.4. Thu gn v chnh sa c s d liu (Compact & Repair
Database)............................................................................................... 7
1.5.5. To password .......................................................................... 8
1.5.6. G b password ...................................................................... 8
1.6. Cc i tng trong c s d liu trong Access ........................ 8
1.6.1. Bng (Tables): ........................................................................ 8
1.6.2. Truy vn (Queries): ................................................................ 9
1.6.3. Biu mu (Forms): .................................................................. 9
1.6.4. Bo co (Reports): .................................................................. 9
1.6.5. Tp lnh (Macros): ................................................................. 9
1.6.6. B m lnh (Modules): ........................................................... 9
1.7. Thao tc vi cc i tng trong c s d liu:....................... 10
1.7.1. To mi mt i tng: ........................................................ 10
1.7.2. Thit k li mt i tng: ................................................... 10
1.7.3. Xem ni dung trnh by ca mt i tng: ......................... 10
1.7.4. Xa mt i tng. ............................................................... 10
1.7.5. i tn i tng .................................................................. 10
1.7.6. Sao chp mt i tng ........................................................ 11
1.7.7. Chp d liu t Access sang ng dng khc (Export). ........ 11
1.7.8. Chp d liu t ng dng khc vo c s d liu Access hin
hnh (Import) ...................................................................................... 12
1.7.9. Chc nng Link .................................................................... 14
-157-
1.8. Chn giao din ngi dng trong Access 2010 ....................... 14
1.8.1. Tabbed Documents ............................................................... 14
1.8.2. Overlapping Windows .......................................................... 15
1.8.3. Chuyn t giao din Tabbed Documents sang Overlapping
Windows ............................................................................................. 15
Chng 2 XY DNG C S D LIU ....................................... 16
2.1. Khi nim v c s d liu Access .......................................... 16
2.2. Bng d liu (Table) ................................................................ 16
2.2.1. Khi nim: ............................................................................ 16
2.2.2. Kha chnh (Primary key) .................................................... 17
2.2.3. Kha ngoi (Foreign key) ..................................................... 18
2.3. Cch to bng ........................................................................... 18
2.3.1. To bng bng chc nng Table Design: ............................. 18
2.3.2. To bng trong ch Datasheet View ................................ 20
2.4. Cc kiu d liu (Data Type) ................................................... 21
2.5. Cc thuc tnh ca Field: .......................................................... 23
2.5.1. Field Size: ............................................................................. 23
2.5.2. Decimal Places: .................................................................... 23
2.5.3. Format:.................................................................................. 24
2.5.4. Input Mask (mt n nhp liu):............................................. 27
2.5.5. To field Lookup Wizard: .................................................... 28
2.5.6. Validation rule (Quy tc hp l): .......................................... 30
2.5.7. Validation text (Thng bo li): ........................................... 31
2.5.8. Required (Yu cu):.............................................................. 31
2.5.9. AllowZeroLength: ................................................................ 31
2.5.10. Index ( Ch mc/ Sp xp) ................................................ 31
2.5.11. Caption: ............................................................................. 31
2.5.12. Defaut value: ..................................................................... 32
2.6. Hiu chnh cu trc ca bng: .................................................. 32
2.7. Cch nhp d liu cho bng: .................................................... 32
2.8. To quan h gia cc bng trong c s d liu: ....................... 34
2.8.1. Cc loi quan h ................................................................... 34
2.8.2. Cch to quan h: ................................................................. 35
2.8.3. Cch xa quan h .................................................................. 37
2.8.4. Kiu kt ni (Join type): ....................................................... 38
2.9. Cc thao tc vi bng ch Datasheet view ....................... 39
2.9.1. Mt s nh dng trong ch Database View .................... 39
2.9.2. Sp xp ................................................................................. 41
2.9.3. Tm kim v thay th: ........................................................... 42
2.9.4. Lc d liu ............................................................................ 43
-158-
Chng 3 TON T -HM -BIU THC ..................................... 46
3.1. Ton t ..................................................................................... 46
3.1.1. Ton t s hc ...................................................................... 46
3.1.2. Ton t so snh ..................................................................... 46
3.1.3. Ton t logic ......................................................................... 46
3.1.4. Ton t khc ......................................................................... 47
3.1.5. Ton t ni chui .................................................................. 47
3.2. Hm .......................................................................................... 47
3.2.1. Hm x l kiu d liu Text ................................................. 47
3.2.2. Hm ngy gi ....................................................................... 48
3.2.3. Hm iu kin ....................................................................... 49
3.2.4. Hm c s d liu ................................................................. 49
3.3. Biu thc .................................................................................. 50
Chng 4 QUERY-TRUY VN D LIU ...................................... 51
4.1. Khi nim ................................................................................. 51
4.2. Cc loi query........................................................................... 51
4.3. Cch to select query bng Design view .................................. 52
4.3.1. Cc thnh phn trong ca s thit k query: ........................ 52
4.3.2. Cc thao tc trong ca s thit k query: .............................. 53
4.3.3. Cch nhp biu thc iu kin ............................................. 55
4.3.4. Truy vn c nhiu iu kin nhiu fields .......................... 56
4.3.5. Top value .............................................................................. 57
4.3.6. To field tnh ton trong query ............................................. 58
4.3.7. S dng Expresstion Builder ................................................ 59
4.4. Total query ............................................................................... 60
4.4.1. Cch to Total Query:........................................................... 60
4.4.2. Cc ty chn trn dng Total: .............................................. 61
4.5. Queries tham s (Parameter Queries)....................................... 62
4.6. Crosstab query .......................................................................... 63
4.6.1. Khi nim: ............................................................................ 63
4.6.2. Cch to: ............................................................................... 63
4.7. Cc loi query to bng chc nng Wizard.............................. 67
4.7.1. Find Duplicate query ............................................................ 67
4.7.2. Find Unmatched query Wizard............................................. 67
4.8. Action query ............................................................................. 68
4.8.1. Update query......................................................................... 68
4.8.2. Make-Table query................................................................. 70
4.8.3. Append query ....................................................................... 71
4.8.4. Delete query.......................................................................... 72
Chng 5 FORM-BIU MU .......................................................... 74
-159-
5.1. Gii thiu.................................................................................. 74
5.2. Cch to form ........................................................................... 74
5.2.1. To mt Single Form ............................................................ 75
5.2.2. To form bng chc nng Form Wizard .............................. 76
5.2.3. To Form bng Design ......................................................... 77
5.3. S dng Form ........................................................................... 80
5.3.1. Tm kim v chnh sa mt record ....................................... 80
5.3.2. Thm mt record .................................................................. 81
5.3.3. Xa mt record ..................................................................... 82
5.3.4. Lc d liu trn form. ........................................................... 82
5.4. Ty bin form trong ch Desing view................................. 83
5.4.1. Thm mt control vo form .................................................. 83
5.4.2. Cc loi form control ............................................................ 84
5.4.3. nh dng cc control trn form ........................................... 85
5.4.4. Thit lp thuc tnh cho control ............................................ 85
5.5. Cch to cc control c h tr ca chc nng Wizard ............. 86
5.5.1. Command button: ................................................................. 86
5.5.2. Option group: ........................................................................ 88
5.5.3. Combo box v List box: ....................................................... 89
5.6. Form v nhng bng lin kt.................................................... 92
5.6.1. Subform control .................................................................... 93
5.6.2. Hiu chnh subform: ............................................................. 94
5.6.3. To tnh ton trong subform .............................................. 95
5.7. Tab control ............................................................................... 96
5.7.1. S dng tab control............................................................... 97
5.7.2. Hiu chnh tab Control ......................................................... 97
5.8. Navigation Form ...................................................................... 97
5.8.1. To Single level Navigation Form: ...................................... 98
5.8.2. To Two level Navigation Form .......................................... 99
5.9. Lin kt n d liu quan h (Link to Related Data) ............. 100
5.9.1. Hin th cc record quan h trong form ring bit .............. 100
5.9.2. To Button dng m form cha records quan h .......... 100
Chng 6 REPORT - BO CO .................................................... 102
6.1. Gii thiu................................................................................ 102
6.2. Cch to report ....................................................................... 102
6.2.1. To bng lnh Report: ........................................................ 102
6.2.2. To report bng chc nng Wizard .................................... 103
6.2.3. To report bng Design ...................................................... 104
6.3. To report c phn nhm ....................................................... 107
6.3.1. S dng Total Query .......................................................... 107
-160-
6.3.2. Report Grouping ................................................................. 108
6.3.3. SubReport ........................................................................... 111
6.3.4. To report c phn nhm bng wizard ............................... 111
6.3.5. Ngt trang trong report phn nhm .................................... 113
6.4. Preview Rport ......................................................................... 114
6.5. nh dng report..................................................................... 114
6.5.1. To li cho report: ............................................................ 114
6.5.2. Thit lp thuc tnh ca cc i tng trong report ........... 114
6.5.3. nh dng d liu ............................................................... 115
Chng 7 MACRO TP LNH ................................................... 118
7.1. Gii thiu................................................................................ 118
7.2. Cch to v thc thi Standalone macros: .............................. 119
7.2.1. Cch to: ............................................................................ 119
7.2.2. Thc thi macro .................................................................... 120
7.2.3. Sub Macro: ......................................................................... 120
7.2.4. Cc Actions v cc Events thng dng .............................. 121
7.3. To Data Macro ...................................................................... 124
7.3.1. Cch to: ............................................................................. 124
7.3.2. Cc Action ca data macro ................................................. 125
7.3.3. Xa data macro ................................................................... 127
7.4. Embedded macros .................................................................. 127
7.5. Hiu chnh macro ................................................................... 127
7.5.1. Thay i action arguments. ................................................ 127
7.5.2. Sp xp cc actions ............................................................. 128
7.5.3. Thm mt action mi.......................................................... 128
7.5.4. Xa mt action.................................................................... 128
7.6. Cc hm thng dng trong biu thc iu kin ................... 128
7.6.1. Hm MsgBox (msg, type, title): ............................. 128
7.6.2. DCount (expr, domain, criteria): ............................ 130
7.7. Macro Autoexec ..................................................................... 130
7.8. Xy dng h thng menu bng macro ................................... 130
7.8.1. To macro cho h thng menu: .......................................... 130
7.8.2. a menu vo chng trnh ............................................... 132
Chng 8 : MODULE ..................................................................... 133
8.1. Gii thiu................................................................................ 133
8.1.1. Ca s son tho code VB .................................................. 133
8.2. Cch to Module .................................................................... 134
8.2.1. To mt module dng chung .............................................. 134
8.2.2. Module gn vi form, report: ............................................. 135
8.2.3. Cc thnh phn trong module ............................................. 135
-161-
8.2.4. Lnh khai bo: .................................................................... 136
8.2.5. Lnh gn ............................................................................. 137
8.3. Kiu d liu: ........................................................................... 138
8.3.1. Kiu s: ............................................................................... 138
8.3.2. Kiu chui: String ............................................................... 138
8.3.3. Kiu i tng thuc c s d liu .................................... 139
8.4. Cc hm thng dng ............................................................... 139
8.4.1. Hm MsgBox:..................................................................... 139
8.4.2. Hm InputBox: ................................................................... 140
8.4.3. Hm d liu s .................................................................... 141
8.4.4. Hm x l chui ................................................................. 141
8.5. Bin kiu i tng ................................................................ 141
8.5.1. Cc i tng c sn: ......................................................... 142
8.5.2. i tng khng c sn:..................................................... 145
8.6. Cu trc iu khin: ............................................................... 147
8.6.1. Cu trc IfThenElse .................................................... 147
8.6.2. Cu trc Select Case ........................................................... 148
8.6.3. Cu trc ForNext ............................................................ 149
8.6.4. Cu trc For EachNext ................................................... 150
8.6.5. Cu trc DoLoop ............................................................ 150
8.7. Lnh Function ........................................................................ 150
8.8. Lnh Sub ................................................................................ 151
8.9. Lnh Call ................................................................................ 151
-162-

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Gio trnh Access Trung tm Tin hc

Click nt Browse ch nh v tr xut d liu.

Chn tab External Data.

+ Ch nh thuc tnh cho cc field Next.

b. Chp d liu t c s d liu Access khc vo c s

1.8.3. Chuyn t giao din Tabbed Documents sang

2.2. Bng d liu (Table)

Cc field biu din thng tin ca sinh vin

Dng (Record): L mt th hin d liu ca cc field trong bng.

Khi mt field hoc nhiu field kt hp c ch nh l kha chnh

2.3. Cch to bng

Bc 2: Trong ca s thit k, thc hin cc cng vic sau:

Lu : Nu bng cha c t kha chnh th Access s

Nhn nt Cancel tr li ca s thit k, t kho

c) Cc k t nh dng i vi d liu kiu s:

d) nh dng d liu kiu Data/Time:

e) nh dng d liu kiu Yes/No:

Cc k t dng nh dng trong Input Mask.

2.5.5. To field Lookup Wizard:

Hiu chnh rng ca lookup field, click Finish kt

Nu to d liu ngun cho lookup field bng cch nhp bng

2.5.6. Validation rule (Quy tc hp l):

Di chuyn field: Click chn tn field mun di chuyn, drag

Bng c m ch nhp liu (Ch Data Sheet view)

2.8. To quan h gia cc bng trong c s d liu:

Quan h 1-n: mi record ca bng 1 s lin kt vi mt hoc nhiu

Th hin d liu ca quan h 1-n

2.8.2. Cch to quan h:

Drag chut ko field

2.9. Cc thao tc vi bng ch Datasheet view

Click nt trn nhm

b) Thay i rng ct: Khi

Click nt sort Ascending (sp xp tng dn)/Sort

2.9.3. Tm kim v thay th:

Find What: Nhp gi tr cn tm

Replace With: Nhp gi tr cn thay th.

Nu lc theo nhiu gi tr th click tab Or v chn gi tr lm

V d: Lc cc nhng sinh vin c mn hc CSDL

Kt qu ca ton t so snh l True hoc False.

IIf(<Biu thc iu kin>, <gi tr 1>, <gi tr 2>)

Hm IIF tr v mt trong 2 gi tr: gi tr 1 hoc gi tr 2, ty

DCount(<Biu thc>, <Phm vi>, [iu kin])

V d: m s sinh vin lp CDTHA

Dlookup(<Biu thc>, <Phm vi>, [iu kin])

V d: Tm sinh vin A01 thuc lp no

Chn cc bng cha cc field m bn mun hin th trong

Field: l ni m cc tn field c to vo hoc thm

b) Di chuyn field: Drag chut trn tn field di chuyn

a) Cc loi d liu dates, times, text, v gi tr trong biu

4.3.5. Top value

Field ly t bng Field tnh ton

4.4.2. Cc ty chn trn dng Total:

Khi thc thi query, chng trnh yu cu nhp gi tr cho

Dng crosstab query Dng Total query

4.6.2. Cch to:

Chn d liu ngun

Ch nh chc nng cho cc field:

c) Thc thi Update Query:

Nu ng Click yes, khi bng mi s c to, xem

Trong li thit k xut hin dng Append to, cha tn cc

Nu ng click yes, xem kt qu trong phn Table.

c) Thc thi Delete Query

Nu ng yes, cc record trong bng b xa, xem kt