Ake 100

Commissioning Instructions
Coupling Unit AKE 100

Commissioning Instructions AKE100
Table of contents:
1. Description of the Coupling Unit AKE 100 ------------------------------------------------------------ 5

1.1 Introduction to Carrier Frequency Coupling on HV Lines --------------------------------------------- 5
1.2 Mechanical Design of the AKE 100 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 8
1.2.1 Grounding Switch------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 8
1.2.2 Primary Voltage Arrester ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 8
1.2.3 Drain and Tuning Coil ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 9
1.2.4 Isolating Capacitor------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 9
1.2.5 Isolating Transformer -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 9
1.2.6 Gas-Filled Surge Arrester---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------10
1.2.7 HF Hybrid Transformer -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------10
1.2.7.1 Connection diagram for the HF Hybrid Transformer-----------------------------------------------------------11
1.4 Transmission Frequency Range ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------11
2. Mounting--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 12
2.1 General Safety Regulations ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------12
2.2 Selection of the Mounting Position ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------12
2.2.1 Connection Diagrams for the AKE 100 A2, A3, A4: -------------------------------------------------------------13
2.3 Connecting the Grounding Conductor ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------15
2.4 Connecting the Coupling Cable-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------16
2.5 Laying and Connection of the Carrier Frequency Cable ------------------------------------------------------------16
2.5.1 General Regulations ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------16
2.5.2 Instructions for Cable Installation in the AKE 100----------------------------------------------------------------17
2.6 Working on the Drain Coil ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------17
2.7 Working on the Isolating Transformer---------------------------------------------------------------------------------17
2.8 Hybrid Transformer ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------17
2.9 Removing the AKE Grounding Switches -----------------------------------------------------------------------------18
2.10 Commissioning the AKE ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------18
2.11 Maintenance of the Unit ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------18
3 AKE 100 Versions ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 19
Overview of all versions:----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------19
3.1 Open-wire line - phase-to-phase coupling AKE 100 A2, matching stage I ---------------------------------------20
3.2 Open-wire line - phase-to-phase coupling AKE 100 A2, matching stage II --------------------------------------21
3.3 Connection of AKE 100 A2 with 150 balanced cable, matching stage I---------------------------------------22
3.4 Connection of AKE 100 A2 with 150 balanced cable, matching stage II--------------------------------------23
3.5 Connection of AKE 100 A2 with 75 coaxial cable, matching stage I ------------------------------------------24
3.6 Connection of AKE 100 A2 with 75 coaxial cable, matching stage II -----------------------------------------25
3.7 Open-wire line - phase-to-ground coupling AKE 100 A3, matching stage I -------------------------------------26
3.8 Open-wire line - phase-to-ground coupling AKE 100 A3, matching stage II ------------------------------------27
3.9 Connection of AKE 100 A3 with 150 balanced cable, matching stage I---------------------------------------28
3.10 Connection of AKE 100 A3 with 150 balanced cable, matching stage II -----------------------------------29
3.11 Connection of AKE 100 A3 with 75 coaxial cable, matching stage I----------------------------------------30
3.12 Connection of AKE 100 A3 with 75 coaxial cable, matching stage II---------------------------------------31
3.13 Connection of AKE 100 A4 with 150 balanced cable, matching stage I ------------------------------------32
3.14 Connection of AKE 100 A4 with 150 balanced cable, matching stage II -----------------------------------33
3.15 Connection of AKE 100 A4 with 75 coaxial cable, matching stage I----------------------------------------34
3.16 Connection of AKE 100 A4 with 75 coaxial cable, matching stage II---------------------------------------35
3.17 Cable phase-to-phase coupling of AKE 100 A5, matching stage I----------------------------------------------36
3.18 Cable phase-to-phase coupling of AKE 100 A5, matching stage II---------------------------------------------37
3.19 Connection of the AKE 100 A5 with 150 balanced cable, matching stage I--------------------------------38
3.20 Connection of the AKE 100 A5 with 150 balanced cable, matching stage II-------------------------------39
3.21 Connection of the AKE 100 A5 with 75 coaxial cable, matching stage I -----------------------------------40
Page - 2 Edition 01/03 SIEMENS AG 2003

AKE100 Commissioning Instructions
3.22 Connection of the AKE 100 A5 with 75 coaxial cable, matching stage II ----------------------------------41
4. Technical Data -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 50
4.1 Dimensions and Fixing Data --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------50
4.2 Technical Data ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------51
5. Directional Filter ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 52
5.1 General---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------52
5.1.1 General view of the directional filter --------------------------------------------------------------------------------53
5.2 Overall Circuit Diagram and Mechanical Design of the Directional Filter ---------------------------------------54
5.3 Mechanical Design of the Directional Filter --------------------------------------------------------------------------55
5.4 Adjustment Procedure ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------56
5.5 Assignment of Links in the Directional Filter ------------------------------------------------------------------------57
5.5.1 Link Assignment for Impedance 75 or 150 : ------------------------------------------------------------------62
5.5.2 Link Assignment for Bandwidth 16 / 24 or 32 kHz ---------------------------------------------------------------62
SIEMENS AG 2003 Edition 01/03 Page - 3

General safety regulations
Work must not be carried out on the line equipment of a PLC system unless the high-voltage side
of its coupling capacitor has been grounded as specified in the regulations (usually via the ground
wire). Grounding of the coupling capacitor only with a disconnecting switch if one is provided is not
generally regarded as adequate. In both cases the PLC system is then OUT OF SERVICE!
Before connecting the coupling cable check whether the AKE is properly grounded and
whether the grounding switch on the coupling capacitor and on the AKE is closed since
otherwise there is a risk for the installation personnel. If there is no grounding switch at the
base of the coupling capacitor this should be grounded via the ground wire.
Covers on the high-voltage section protecting against electric shock and the fixing termi-
nals for ground conductor and coupling cable must be replaced after installation and prior
to switching on.

1. Description of the Coupling Unit AKE 100
1.1 Introduction to Carrier Frequency Coupling on HV Lines

The electric-power utilities use their own power lines for secure information transmission. With the aid of spe-
cial carrier frequency equipment (PLC equipment) vital telephone calls, data and teleprotection signals are
safely transmitted independently of other communications networks and frequently over long distances.
In carrier frequency transmission of information over live HV power lines the HF currents of the communica-
tions equipment are fed into or tapped off from the lines at suitable points. Any potential hazard to operating
staff and the communication terminal equipment due to the high voltage must be avoided.
HF traps (coils) are inserted in the HV line to prevent the carrier frequency signal draining away in the wrong
direction or into the high-voltage system. These traps do not offer any significant resistance to energy trans-
port in the HV line. The carrier frequency power is coupled into the HV line via coupling capacitors designed to
withstand the high voltage and tapped off in the same way from the line. The coupling filter, the coupling pro-
tection, the grounding switch and the isolating transformer are contained in the coupling unit AKE 100.
A high-pass filter circuit has been selected for the AKE 100. This allows transmission in the carrier frequency
band up to 500 kHz provided for PLC from a lower cut-off frequency fU which is determined by the size of the
coupling capacitors.
The AKE consists of a basic unit available in different versions to cover all coupling applications that arise in
practice. A phase-to-phase coupling unit can also be used as a phase-to-ground coupling unit. It is also possi-
ble to upgrade a phase-to-ground coupling unit to a phase-to-phase coupling unit by using additional elements.
In both cases the coupling unit can be connected to any common coupling capacitors.
The different coupling circuits are shown in figs. 1 to 3 and compared in terms of financial outlay in Table 1.

The transmission paths shown in the diagrams can be the following types of lines:
High-voltage open-wire lines (AKE 100 A2, A3, A4)
High-voltage cables (AKE 100 A5, A6, A7)
Open-wire lines exposed to HV interference
R R
S S
T T
AKE 100 A3 AKE 100 A3
. .
150/75 150/75
to the PLC unit to the PLC unit
Fig. 1: Phase-to-ground coupling

R R
S S
T T
AKE 100 A2 AKE 100 A2
. .
150/75 150/75
Fig. 2: Phase-to-phase coupling

R R
S S
T T
R R
S S
T T
AKE 100 A3
HF hybrid A1 HF hybrid A1
Fig. 3.: Inter-system coupling
Financial outlay Attenuation Transmission security
1 Phase-to-ground cou- minimal greater than for 2 not guaranteed if a cou-

pling pled conductor breaks
2 Phase-to-phase coupling twice as high as 1 smaller than for 1 guaranteed if a coupled

conductor breaks
3 Inter-system coupling twice as high as 1 smaller than for 1 also guaranteed in case of
short circuit and grounding
of a system on the line
Table 1
A phase-to-ground coupling is often used for reasons of cost. This is generally adequate from an engineering
viewpoint unless extra-high-voltage lines with a high noise level or long distances are involved. In most line
protection applications, however, it is necessary to use a phase-to-phase coupling or inter-system coupling re-
gardless of the higher cost.

1.2 Mechanical Design of the AKE 100

With the exception of the grounding switches the AKE components are housed in a salt water-proof aluminium
die-cast case with a specially finished surface, suitable for all weather conditions.
The casing interior is connected to the outside environment via the circular gap around the carrier frequency
cable lead-in tubes.
The annular rings are of insect-proof design. All AKE components are weatherproof and designed for tempera-
tures in the range from -25 C to 50 C.
The high-voltage section in the lower half of the case is covered by a panel and cannot be touched acciden-
tally even when the lid of the case is removed. The circuit diagrams and other information on using the unit are
printed on this panel.
The CF cable lead-in tubes with watertight cable screw connection can be easily dismantled and, if necessary,
can also be potted.
R R
High-voltage line
S S
T HF trap T
600 Z high-voltage open-wire line approx.: 400
Coupling capacitor
Grounding switch
Primary voltage arrester
Drain and tuning coil
Isolating capacitor
Isolating and tuning transformer
. Gas-filled surge arrester .

150/75 150/75
CF cable to the PLC unit
Phase-to-phase coupling Phase-to-ground coupling
Fig. 4 Mechanical design of the AKE 100
1.2.1 Grounding Switch
The use of one or two 250 A grounding switches with an eye for switchrod actuation fulfills the IEC Recom-
mendation for safe short-circuit grounding of the coupling capacitor. The blade part of the switch can be re-
moved easily if local regulations stipulate grounding exclusively by means of the ground wire. The grounding
switch part at the AKE input is combined with a double terminal for the coupling cable. This allows connection
of coupling cables of up to 10 mm (or 70 mm cross-sectional area).
Directly beside the blade section of the switch is the M12 grounding terminal of the AKE so that connection of
grounding lines with a large cross-sectional area is also possible.
1.2.2 Primary Voltage Arrester
The primary voltage arrester protects the terminal equipment of a PLC link against transients that might arise
due to faults at the coupling capacitor or any other voltage surges penetrating via the capacitor (e.g. switching
operations or lightning strikes).
Its power-frequency sparkover voltage is about 2 kV rms 50 Hz.
The max. surge current at which there is no damage to the arrester is up to 5 kA referred to an 8/20 s pulse.

Discharge capacity is about 8 kA within 0.2 s. The air spark gap is bridged by the electrodes fusing together to
provide a safe path to earth. The other parts of the AKE and the PLC equipment are protected in this way
against dangerous voltage surges.
The impulse sparkover voltage was determined at between 3 and 5 kV with a rate of rise of approx. 1 kV/s for
the test voltage.
1.2.3 Drain and Tuning Coil
The drain and tuning coil performs two important functions in the AKE 100. Firstly it diverts the capacitive wat-
tless current of the coupling capacitor produced by the mains voltage, mains frequency and the coupling ca-
pacitance safely to ground. Secondly it offers variable tuning inductances for matching the characteristic im-
pedance of the coupling to the high-voltage line.
The low 50-Hz impedance of the winding provides high permanent load capability of 1.5 A and short-term load
capability of 50 A/0.2 s.
Since the entire capacitive wattless current of the coupling capacitor flows to ground via the
drain coil, connecting cables in the vicinity of the drain coil for individual operating scenarios
should be installed with the utmost care.
1.2.4 Isolating Capacitor
Since the 50-Hz wattless current at the impedance of the drain coil can still produce a voltage drop of several
volts the isolating capacitor is required to prevent an excessively high magnetic flux in the isolating transformer
with the mains frequency. The capacitors have a rating of 0.1 F (or 1.0 F for the cable coupling filter), small
enough not to have any significant effect on the frequency response of the coupling filters in the transmission
range.
1.2.5 Isolating Transformer
The isolating transformer is the most important component of the AKE. It provides safe isolation (10 kV~) be-
tween the high-voltage side and the PLC equipment side and matches the impedance between high-voltage
line and CF cable as required. A special potting technique prevents any hazard to the secondary side even if
the primary side fails in the unlikely event of mechanical destruction due to high voltage influence.
The isolating transformer must meet the following requirements:
Matching of impedances on the high-voltage and equipment side
Electrical isolation
The isolating transformer is inserted in the casing partition so that its primary-side terminals project into the
high-voltage section while those on the secondary side project into the communications section of the AKE.
This means there is a minimum creepage distance of 50 mm between the terminals and ground potential. The
creepage paths between terminals are 30 mm.
With phase-to-phase coupling resistor R is inserted between ground and the center tap of the isolating trans-
former primary coil. This prevents loss of the connection at the phase-to-phase coupling filter if the conductor
cable in the transmission path is interrupted or grounded. The coupling loss is, however, increased.

1.2.6 Gas-Filled Surge Arrester
The gas-filled surge arrester shorts out interference voltages that do not cause the primary voltage arrester to
respond. These interference voltages can arise both from the line as steep voltage pulses and from a carrier-
frequency cable exposed to high-voltage interference. The rated D.C. sparkover voltage is 230 V per arrester.
The gas-filled surge arresters are designed firstly to limit dangerous surge voltages and secondly to prevent
corona discharge of the gas-filled surge arresters due to the HF voltage.
In order to ensure that the arrester is extinguished again after ignition by a peak transient the peak value of the
carrier frequency operating voltage must remain below the corona potential of the series-connected gas-filled
arresters at this point.
1.2.7 HF Hybrid Transformer
When connecting two phase-to-ground AKEs to a PLC device, e.g. in an inter-system coupling, an HF hybrid
transformer is generally used as shown in the application example in Fig. 3. It should have an adequately large
cross section to decouple both coupling phases and a low throughput loss of less than 0.4 dB.
Due to the hybrid principle it is possible to maintain a PLC link over half the transmission path if the other line
path is out of action, e.g. as a result of short circuit, ground fault or total failure.
The HF hybrid transformer is suitable for the application of either balanced 150 cables or unbalanced 75
cables. It can be located in a separate case, if possible equidistant between the two phase-to-ground AKEs, or
installed directly in one of the two coupling units if they are less that 30m apart.
The basic circuit diagrams are shown in the Figs. below:
AKE AKE
3 5
1/2/8 R 6/7/10
AKE 7 5 AKE
37,5
1 7
14 11
13/14 11/12
PLC
PLC
Fig. 5: Circuit diagram of the HF hybrid Fig. 6: Circuit diagram of the HF hybrid
transformer for 150 transformer for 75
With phase-to-phase or inter-system coupling with two individual phase-to-ground coupling filters the CF cable
terminals of the two coupling filters are mutually decoupled via an HF hybrid transformer and combined into a
single CF cable terminal. The additional signal attenuation due to the losses in the hybrid transformer is less
than 0.4 dB.

1.2.7.1 Connection diagram for the HF Hybrid Transformer
75
3 150 1
14
8 2 75 13
9 4 75/150
12
10 6 R
11
5 150 7
75
Fig. 7: Connection diagram for the HF hybrid transformer
Link diagram
Links to be inserted for 75 cable Links to be inserted for 150 cable

1-2 8 - 9 - 10
3-4-5 12 - 13
6-7
11 - 12
13 - 14 -
R-
Table 2: Connection diagram for HF hybrid transformer
1.4 Transmission Frequency Range
The defined transmission range is the frequency range in which the coupling loss (coupling losses of the AKE
with coupling capacitor and impedance of the HV line) remains within the IEC limit value < 2 dB. The lower
limit fU of this range depends on the capacitance of the coupling capacitor and the selected matching stage I or
II. The upper limit fO is adequate in all cases up to the highest frequency used for PLC transmissions fO = 500
kHz.
In matching stage I the IEC limit value for the return loss aR 12 dB is fulfilled by a value about 1.5 times the
particular lower cut-off frequency fU.
In matching stage II it is possible to transmit down to a lower cutoff frequency (for aB < 2 dB) which is less
than for stage I given the same capacitance of the coupling capacitor and at the expense of a lower return loss
( aR 7 dB). This lower return loss causes a somewhat higher ripple of the transmission loss frequency re-
sponse in the case of short HV lines with low line loss. Matching stage I should be used wherever possible.
The curve of the coupling loss and the return loss against frequency is shown in the diagrams separately for
the two matching stages I and II.

2. Mounting
2.1 General Safety Regulations

The general regulations prevailing in electrical engineering, official regulations and the
regulations of the employers liability insurance association must be observed.
Work must not be carried out on the line equipment of a PLC system unless the high-voltage
side of its coupling capacitor has been grounded as specified in the regulations (usually via the
ground wire). Grounding of the coupling capacitor only with a disconnecting switch, if one is
provided, is not generally regarded as adequate. Local regulations for working on high-
voltage installations must be observed !
2.2 Selection of the Mounting Position
The AKE is suitable for mounting outdoors. The unit should also be accessible when the high-voltage system
is in operation and should not be located in the vicinity of freely swinging lines.
There must be no risk from high voltage to either the operating personnel or the PLC terminal unit.
The AKE 100 unit should be mounted in the direct vicinity of coupling capacitor since the coupling cable
should be kept as short as possible.
The unit can be mounted on steel or concrete posts, portals, cross beams or walls of sufficient strength. If
adequate installation space is not available at the mounting position (this applies in particular to mounting
width) base plates or beams protected against corrosion must be provided. The fastening material should be
of stainless steel.
The AKE 100 is normally mounted above hands reach.
Covers on the high-voltage section to prevent accidental contact and the fixing terminals
for ground conductor and coupling cable must be replaced after installation and prior to
switching on.

2.2.1 Connection Diagrams for the AKE 100 A2, A3, A4:
HV line
Coupling capacitor
A3
to the PLC unit
Fig. 7: Connection of the AKE 100 A3 for phase-to-ground coupling

HV line
C C
Coupling capacitors
A2
to the PLC unit
Fig. 8: Connection of the AKE 100 A2 for phase-to-phase coupling

HV line
C C
Coupling capacitors
s s
A3 A4
TF
to the PLC unit
Fig. 9: Connection of AKE 100 A3 to AKE 100 A4 for phase-to-phase coupling

HV line
C C
Coupling capacitors
s s
A3 A3
s
A1
to the PLC unit

Fig. 10: Connection of two AKE 100 A3 with an HF hybrid transformer A1 for phase-to-phase cou-
pling

2.3 Connecting the Grounding Conductor
Direct low-impedance grounding of the AKE is essential for the operational safety of the PLC system. Special
attention should therefore be paid to the mechanical and electrical design of the grounding electrode. A 12-mm
V2A steel threaded screw is provided for connecting the grounding conductor to the AKE. This is located on
the bottom of the unit behind the cover.
AKE case
Connection to
coupling capacitor
Disconnecting blade
Grounding connection 250 A
PLC operation
Fig. 11: Connecting the grounding conductor to the AKE

The grounding conductor must have a minimum cross section of 35 mm, and must not be smaller than the
cross section of the coupling cable. A heavier gauge is generally recommended.
The grounding conductor should be of copper or galvanized steel strip and should be connected directly to the
grounding electrode of the high-voltage system without a branch. Should direct connection to the power cur-
rent station ground not be possible in exceptional cases the coupling unit can also be grounded with inclusion
of the steel structure of the high-voltage system. In this case the AKE is connected to the steel structure via a
copper conductor of adequate cross section. The connection must be corrosion-proof and have no contact re-
sistance. The ground connection of the AKE to the steel structure must not be used for other equipment. Steel
structures provide an adequate ground for PLC operation only if they are securely connected to the high-
voltage operating ground in their entirety.

2.4 Connecting the Coupling Cable
Caution !
Before connecting the coupling cable check whether the AKE is correctly
grounded and whether the grounding switches at the coupling capacitor and
the AKE are closed, otherwise there is a risk for installation personnel.
If there is no grounding switch at the base of the coupling capacitor the ca-
pacitor must be grounded via the ground wire.
As with the grounding wire attention must be paid to correct electrical and mechanical installation. The cou-
2
pling cable must be made of copper with a minimum cross section of 35 mm and should be as short as possi-
ble.
If the AKE is within hands reach an insulated coupling cable is stipulated. The insulation should have a dielec-
tric strength of 3 kV, or better still 10 kV.
The connecting terminals of the AKE for the coupling cables (with phase-to-phase coupling) are at the bottom
of the unit on the right (and left) next to the case ground connection. The incoming coupling cables from the
right (and left) must be clamped under the clamping straps of the coupling cable terminals. This is done by
breaking through the protective rubber caps on the applicable side. Coupling cables with a cross section of up
to 70 mm can be clamped. The ends of the coupling cables should be terminated with the left or right edge of
the straps while the coupling cables themselves should be led from the unit at a slight downwards angle so
that water cannot drip onto the terminals.
2.5 Laying and Connection of the Carrier Frequency Cable
2.5.1 General Regulations
The PLC cable is used to link:

a) Two coupling units in the case of inter-system coupling, if necessary with inclusion of an HF
hybrid transformer case or CF links (directional filter).
b) Coupling unit, or the hybrid transformer case and the PLC system in the equipment room
The PLC cable runs must be routed where there is no hazard from high voltage.
The shortest runs should always be selected for the PLC cables. Any prescribed length differences must be
observed.
The cables can be laid on structural parts of the switching station, in cable ducts through shafts or in the
ground.
If possible PLC cables should not be laid parallel to power cables. When routed close to power cables it must
be ensured that the PLC cable cannot be damaged. The minimum distances apart must be strictly observed or
partition walls provided.
PLC cables must be laid so that they are protected against damage. Cables laid in the ground must be cov-
ered with hollow blocks. When laid in the ground and at the points where they enter and leave the ground the
PLC cables must be slightly bowed so that they can stretch and yield when the refilled earth subsequently set-
tles. Each PLC cable must be secured to the structural parts of the switching station in such a way that tensile
stresses cannot occur at the cable end seals.
The bending radius of a cable must be at least twenty times greater than the cables outer diameter. When
bending cables that have a PVC sheath (plastic sheath) remember that there is a risk of the sheath cracking at
sub-zero temperatures.
Balanced, paper-insulated PLC cables must be absolutely protected against moisture until the sealing ends
are completed.
The metal sheath or shield of a PLC cable must be conductively connected and grounded at the cable ends in
order to achieve a satisfactory reduction factor over the entire cable length. Be careful with different ground
potentials!
Cables and cable cores must be identified with a weatherproof and clearly legible marking at both ends so that
they cannot be mixed up.

2.5.2 Instructions for Cable Installation in the AKE 100
The general rules for cable handling, installation and stripping of insulation are not described here in detail.
The following supplementary information should, however, be observed:
Balanced cables with a characteristic impedance of 150 and unbalanced coaxial cables with 75 are to be
used in conjunction with the AKE 100.
Cables with an outer diameter of up to 19 mm can be led into the AKE through the pressure screw connection
of the ducts.
If larger cable diameters (up to 24 mm2) are to be used the screw connection can be removed and the cable
can be potted after sealing the bottom end of the duct. The instructions for use and installation instructions of
the cable and sealant manufacturers should be followed.
Potting also provides effective protection against moisture penetrating into the carrier frequency cable.
With inter-system couplings with HF hybrid transformers only TC cables with the same characteristic imped-
ance may be connected in the hybrid circuit.
2.6 Working on the Drain Coil

IMPORTANT!
For safety reasons work may only be carried out on the drain coil if the grounding
switches on the coupling capacitor and on the AKE are closed.
Cable connections at the drain coil should be changed only if the coupling capacitan-
ces used and the required matching stage differ from the as-delivered condition.
To ensure that the drain coil can meet the highest electrical requirements it must not be damaged during any
installation work required.
When connecting the cable at the screw terminals of the drain coil it is essential that the cable lug is installed
correctly with the spring washers, washers and screws in the order as provided.
2.7 Working on the Isolating Transformer
It is absolutely vital to ensure that all electrical connections between the high-voltage and communications
sections of the unit comply with the regulations, otherwise there are considerably safety hazards.
As with the drain coil the screws and spring washers supplied must also be used for making connections to the
isolating transformer. The screws must not be overtightened since the 10 terminal studs on the isolating trans-
formers are of limited strength especially at extreme ambient temperatures.
2.8 Hybrid Transformer
In inter-system coupling applications subsequent installation of a hybrid transformer in the communication sec-
tion of the AKE above the isolating transformer is possible if this transformer is not supplied as a variant.
A separate transformer case is necessary if the two AKEs are than 30 m apart.

2.9 Removing the AKE Grounding Switches
Occasionally local regulations prohibit the use of the grounding switches on the AKE. In these cases they can
be removed easily by undoing the M 10 screws.
2.10 Commissioning the AKE

Important
Measurements at the AKE if at all necessary must only be made with the high-voltage
side of the coupling unit covered. The general regulations prevailing in electrical engi-
neering, official regulations and the regulations of the employers liability insurance
association must be observed.
Any foreign bodies must removed from the communication and high-voltage section and the inside of the case
cleaned thoroughly before putting into operation. The connecting cables and terminal connections must be
checked for correctness and reliability according to the circuit diagrams.
After acceptance testing by the plant engineer responsible the unit should be closed with the supplied cover
panel and the case lid.
Caution!
Work must not be carried out on the high-voltage side of the AKE unless the unit and its
coupling capacitors are grounded in accordance with the regulations.
2.11 Maintenance of the Unit
Since the AKE is weatherproof it is largely free of maintenance. However, regular checks should be made to
ensure that the circular gap between the case and the two lead-in ducts are free and clean. This is necessary
for air-conditioning and allows any condensation to escape. The gap must also be kept free of paint since oth-
erwise a microclimate can exist in the enclosed space with undesirable accumulation of condensate.
The shock-hazard protection in front of the connecting terminals, the terminals themselves and the protective
rubber caps should also be inspected for damage and cleanliness.
The primary voltage arrester should be periodically checked and opened and cleaned, especially in regions
with frequent thunderstorms.
The electrode surfaces and edges should be repolished if necessary.
CAUTION: Install carefully!
Should any questions arise in connection with installation, maintenance and operation of the coupling unit
please contact your local branch office of Siemens AG.

3 AKE 100 Versions

The types of coupling that can be used with the different versions of AKE 100 are described in this section,
showing the various designs by reference to their circuit diagrams. The diagrams show the lower cut-off fre-
quencies, the coupling loss aB and the values for the return loss aR attainable with three common coupling ca-
pacitances.
Overview of all versions:
AKE Type CF Cable Matching Page
150 I 22
A2 150 II 23
Open-wire line 75 I 24
phase-to-phase coupling 75 II 25
150 I 28
A3 150 II 29
Open-wire line phase- 75 I 30
to-ground
coupling 75 II 31
150 I 32
A4 150 II 33
Open-wire line phase- 75 I 34
to-ground
coupling with hybrid 75 II 35
transformer
150 I 38
A5 150 II 39
Cable phase-to-phase 75 I 40
coupling 75 II 41
150 I 42
A6 150 II 43
Cable phase-to-ground 75 I 44
coupling 75 II 45
150 I 46
A7 150 II 47
Cable phase-to-ground 75 I 48
coupling with hybrid 75 II 49
transformer

3.1 Open-wire line - phase-to-phase coupling AKE 100 A2, matching stage I
{ = Lower cut-off frequency fU ( 3%)

Fig. 12 Coupling loss, return loss and lower cut-off frequencies of the AKE 100 A2 for matching
stage I

3.2 Open-wire line - phase-to-phase coupling AKE 100 A2, matching stage II

stage II

3.3 Connection of AKE 100 A2 with 150 balanced cable, matching stage I
1 2 3 4
1 2 3 4
150 I *
Connection of PLC
unit
B5 4 3 2 1
B
A5 4 3 2 1 A
C2 C1
1 2 3 4 5 6 6 5 4 3 2 1 fU CK aR
kHz nF dB
Stage
2x
32 8,8
66 4,4
2x
* >12 I
2x (IEC)
131 2,2
UE A1
S2 S1
CK CK
R
S
T
*) = as-delivered condition
Fig. 14: Circuit diagram of the AKE 100 A2 for phase-to-phase coupling to HV open-wire lines.
Matching stage I, connection with balanced cable

3.4 Connection of AKE 100 A2 with 150 balanced cable, matching stage II
1 2 3 4
1 2 3 4
150 II
Connection of PLC unit

B 5 4 3 2 1
B
A5 4 3 2 1 A
C2 C1
1 2 3 4 5 6 6 5 4 3 2 1 fU CK aR
Stage
kHz nF dB
2x
40 4,4
2x >7 II
77 2,2
UE A1
S2 S1
CK CK
R
S
T
Matching stage II, connection with balanced cable.

3.5 Connection of AKE 100 A2 with 75 coaxial cable, matching stage I
1 2 3 4
1 2 3 4
75 I

B 5 4 3 2 1
B
A5 4 3 2 1 A
C2 C1
1 2 3 4 5 6 6 5 4 3 2 1 fU CK aR
Stage
kHz nF dB
2x
32 8,8
2x >12 I
66 4,4
2x (IEC)
131 2,2
UE A1
S2 S1
CK CK
R
S
T
Matching stage I, connection with coaxial cable.

3.6 Connection of AKE 100 A2 with 75 coaxial cable, matching stage II
1 2 3 4
1 2 3 4
75 II

5 4 3 2 1
B B
A5 4 3 2 1 A
C2 C1
1 2 3 4 5 6 6 5 4 3 2 1 fU CK aR
Stage
kHz nF dB
2x
40 4,4
2x >7 II
77 2,2
UE A1
S2 S1
CK CK
R
S
T
Matching stage II, connection with coaxial cable.

3.7 Open-wire line - phase-to-ground coupling AKE 100 A3, matching stage I

stage I

3.8 Open-wire line - phase-to-ground coupling AKE 100 A3, matching stage II

stage II.

1 2 3 4
1 2 3 4
150 I
*
B 5 4 3 2 1 B

A 5 4 3 2 1
A
C1
aR CK fU
Stage 1 2 3 4 5 6 6 5 4 3 2 1
dB nF kHz
6 4 3 1
* 8,8 27
6 4
I > 1 2 4,4
(IEC)
* 57
3 1
2,2 105
UE A1
S1
CK
R
S
T
Fig. 28: Circuit diagram of the AKE 100 A3 for phase-to-ground coupling of HV open-wire lines.
Matching stage I, connection with balanced cable.

1 2 3 4
1 2 3 4
150 II
5 4 3 2 1
B B
A A Connection of PLC unit

5 4 3 2 1
C1
aR CK fU
Stage 1 2 3 4 5 6 6 5 4 3 2 1
dB nF kHz
4,4 32
II >7 6 4 3 1
2,2 64
UE A1
S1
CK
R
S
T
Fig. 21: Circuit diagram of the AKE 100 A3 for phase-to-ground coupling to HV open-wire lines.

1 2 3 4
1 2 3 4
75 I
B 5 4 3 2 1 B

A 5 4 3 2 1
A
C1
aR CK fU
Stage 1 2 3 4 5 6 6 5 4 3 2 1
dB nF kHz
6 4 3 1
8,8 27
6 4
I > 1 2 4,4 57
(IEC) 3 1
2,2 105
UE A1
S1
CK
R
S
T

1 2 3 4
1 2 3 4
75 II
B 5 4 3 2 1 B

A 5 4 3 2 1
A
C1
aR CK fU
Stage 1 2 3 4 5 6 6 5 4 3 2 1
dB nF kHz
4,4 32
II >7 6 4 3 1
2,2 64
UE A1
S1
CK
R
S
T

sym.
3 1
1 5 0 14
8 - 9 - 10 R 13
12 - 13 2 8 7 5
9 4
10 6
R
12
11
5 7
sym.
1 2 3 4
Connection of AKE 100 A3

1 2 3 4
150 I
*
5 4 3 2 1
B B

A 5 4 3 2 1 A
C1
aR CK fU
Stage 1 2 3 4 5 6 6 5 4 3 2 1
dB nF k Hz
6 4 3 1
8,8 27
I * > 1 2 4,4* 57 6 4
(IEC) 3 1
2,2 105
UE A1
S1
CK
R
S
*) = as-delivered condition T
Matching stage I, connection with balanced cable.

sym.
3 1
1 5 0 14
8 - 9 - 10 R 13
12 - 13 2 8 7 5
9 4
10 6
R
12
11
5 7
sym.
1 2 3 4
Connection to AKE 100 A3 1 2 3 4

1 5 0 II
5 4 3 2 1 B
B
Connection to PLC unit

A 5 4 2 A
3 1
C1
aR CK fU
Stage 1 2 3 4 5 6 6 5 4 3 2 1
dB nF k Hz
4,4 32
II >7 6 4 3 1
2,2 64
UE A1
S1
CK
R
S
T

3 1
7 5 14
1 - 2 R 13
3 - 4 - 5 2 8 7 5
6 - 7 9 4
11 - 12 10 6
R
13 - 14 - 12
R-
11
5 7
coax.
1 2 3 4
Connection to AKE 100 A3 1 2 3 4
7 5 I
B 5 4 3 2 1
B
A 5 4 3 2 1 A Connection to PLC unit
C1
aR CK fU
Stage 1 2 3 4 5 6 6 5 4 3 2 1
dB nF k Hz
6 4 3 1
8,8 27
6 4
I > 1 2 4,4 57
(IEC) 3 1
2,2 105
UE A1
S1
CK
R
S
T

3 1
7 5 14
1 - 2 R 13
3 - 4 - 5 2 8 7 5
6 - 7 9 4
11 - 12 10 6
R
13 - 14 - 12
R-
11
5 7
koax.
1 2 3 4

1 2 3 4
7 5 II
5 4 3 2 1
B B

A 5 4 3 2 1 A
C1
aR CK fU
Stage 1 2 3 4 5 6 6 5 4 3 2 1
dB nF k Hz
4,4 32
II >7 6 4 3 1
2,2 64
UE A1
S1
CK
R
S
T

3.17 Cable phase-to-phase coupling of AKE 100 A5, matching stage I
{ = Lower cut-off frequency fU (3%)

Fig. 28: Coupling loss, return loss and lower cut-off frequency of the AKE 100 A5 for matching
stage I

3.18 Cable phase-to-phase coupling of AKE 100 A5, matching stage II
{ = Lower cut-off frequency fU (3%)

Fig. 29: Coupling loss, return loss and lower cut-off frequency of the AKE 100 A5 for matching
stage II

3.19 Connection of the AKE 100 A5 with 150 balanced cable, matching stage I
1 2 3 4
1 2 3 4
150 I
*
4 3 2 1
B B
A5 4 3 2 1 A
C2 C1
fU CK aR
1 2 3 4 5 6 6 5 4 3 2 1 Stage
kHz nF dB
64
2x
40 * >12 I
2x
125 20 (IEC)
200 2x
10
UE A1
S2 S1
CK CK
R
S
T
Fig. 30: Circuit diagram of the AKE 100 A5 for phase-to-phase coupling to HV cables. Matching
stage I, connection with balanced cable.

3.20 Connection of the AKE 100 A5 with 150 balanced cable, matching stage II
1 2 3 4
1 2 3 4
150 II
4 3 2 1
B B
A5 4 3 2 1 A
C2 C1
1 2 3 4 5 6 6 5 4 3 2 1 fU CK aR
Stage
kHz nF dB
2x
35 40
2x >7 II
68 20
2x
135 10
2x
280 4,4
UE A1
S2 S1
CK CK
R
S
T
stage II, connection with balanced cable.

3.21 Connection of the AKE 100 A5 with 75 coaxial cable, matching stage I
1 2 3 4
1 2 3 4
75 I
4 3 2 1
B B
A5 4 3 2 1 A
C2 C1
1 2 3 4 5 6 6 5 4 3 2 1 fU CK aR
Stage
kHz nF dB
64
2x
40 * >12 I
2x
125 20 (IEC)
200 2x
10
UE A1
S2 S1
CK CK
R
S
T
stage I, connection with coaxial cable.

3.22 Connection of the AKE 100 A5 with 75 coaxial cable, matching stage II
1 2 3 4
1 2 3 4
75 II
4 3 2 1
B B
A5 4 3 2 1 A
C2 C1
1 2 3 4 5 6 fU CK aR
6 5 4 3 2 1 Stage
kHz nF dB
2x
35 40
2x >7 II
68 20
2x
135 10
2x
280 4,4
UE A1
S2 S1
CK CK
R
S
T
stage II, connection with coaxial cable.

1 2 3 4
1 2 3 4
*
150 I
4 3 2 1
B B
A A
5 4 3 2 1
C1
aR CK fU
Stage 1 2 3 4 5 6 6 5 4 3 2 1
dB nF kHz
*
40 * 62
I > 1 2 20 130
(IEC)
10 215
UE A1
S1
CK
R
S
T

1 2 3 4
1 2 3 4
150 II
4 3 2 1
B B
A A
5 4 3 2 1
C1
aR CK fU
Stage 1 2 3 4 5 6 6 5 4 3 2 1
dB nF kHz
40 34
II > 7 20 66
10 135
4,4 280
UE A1
S1
CK
R
S
T
Fig. 35: Circuit diagram of the AKE 100 A6 for phase-to-ground coupling to HV cables. Matching

1 2 3 4
1 2 3 4
75 I
4 3 2 1
B B

5 4 3 2 1
C1
aR CK fU
Stage 1 2 3 4 5 6 6 5 4 3 2 1
dB nF kHz
40 62
I > 1 2 20 130
(IEC)
10 215
UE A1
S1
CK
R
S
T

1 2 3 4
1 2 3 4
75 II
4 3 2 1
B B

5 4 3 2 1
C1
aR CK fU
Stage 1 2 3 4 5 6 6 5 4 3 2 1
dB nF kHz
40 34
II > 7 20 66
10 135
4,4 280
UE A1
S1
CK
R
S
T

sym.
3 1
1 5 0 14
8 - 9 - 10 R 13
12 - 13 2 8 7 5
9 4
10 6
R
12
11
5 7
sym.
1 2 3 4
1 2 3 4
150 I
*
4 3 2 1
B B
A A
5 4 3 2 1
C1
aR CK fU
Stage 1 2 3 4 5 6 6 5 4 3 2 1
dB nF k Hz
40 * 62
I* > 1 2 20 130
(IEC)
10 215
UE A1
S1
CK
R
S
T

sym.
3 1
1 5 0 14
8 - 9 - 10 R 13
12 - 13 2 8 7 5
9 4
10 6
R
12
11
5 7
sym.
1 2 3 4

1 2 3 4
1 5 0 II
4 3 2 1
B B

A A
5 4 3 2 1
C1
aR CK fU
Stage 1 2 3 4 5 6 6 5 4 3 2 1
dB nF k Hz
40 34
II >7 20 66
10 135
4,4 280
UE A1
S1
CK
R
S
T

3 1
7 5 14
1 - 2 R 13
3 - 4 - 5 2 8 7 5
6 - 7 9 4
11 - 12 10 6
R
13 - 14 - 12
R-
11
5 7
koax.
1 2 3 4

1 2 3 4
75 I
4 3 2 1
B B

5 4 3 2 1
C1
aR CK fU
Stage 1 2 3 4 5 6 6 5 4 3 2 1
dB nF k Hz
40 62
I > 1 2 20 130
(IEC)
10 215
UE A1
S1
CK
R
S
T

3 1
7 5 14
1 - 2 R 13
3 - 4 - 5 2 8 7 5
6 - 7 9 4
11 - 12 10 6
R
13 - 14 - 12
R-
11
5 7
koax.
1 2 3 4
Connection of AKE 100

A6 1 2 3 4
7 5 II
4 3 2 1
B B

5 4 3 2 1
C1
aR CK fU
Stage 1 2 3 4 5 6 6 5 4 3 2 1
dB nF k Hz
40 34
II >7 20 66
10 135
4,4 280
UE A1
S1
CK
R
S
T

4. Technical Data
4.1 Dimensions and Fixing Data

all dimensions in mm
110
310
261)
2601) 1 20
12
7 1)
111)
s
380 1)
400
618
2
up to approx.70 mm
connectable
130
up to 19 mm cable
Grounding connection M12 outer diameter
1) Fixing data
Fig. 42: AKE 100 dimensions and fixing data

90
260
2401) 211)
1 20
12
7 1)
s
111)
110 1)
160
Grounding connection M8
265
up to 19 mm cable outer
diameter
1) Fixing data
Fig. 43: Dimensions and fixing data of the des HF-Hybrid A1

4.2 Technical Data
PLC cable feed with screw connection 12 to 19 mm

without screw connection cable diameter
up to 24 mm cable diameter
Sealing of the PLC cable according to cable manufacturers
instructions
Line terminal for coupling capacitor Double terminal for round conduc- up to 70 mm2 or 10 mm CU
tors, protected against accidental
contact by protective cap
Grounding Grounding switch 250 A with eye
for switchrod; single or double
pole. The switch can be removed
easily if local regulations prohibit
grounding with built-in grounding
switch.
Equipment main ground Screw connection M12
M8 on the HF hybrid transformer
in separate case
Primary surge arrester Power-frequ. sparkover voltage approx. 2 kV 50 Hz
Discharge AC current max. 8kA/0.2s
max. pulse discharge current 5kA;8/20 s
(without destruction)
Drain and tuning coil for high-voltage open- wire
line or cable
Coil inductance max. 8mH 1mH
Winding resistance max. 3 0.5
50 Hz impedance max. <4 <1
Winding-to-ground dielectric
strength 10kV;1,2/50s
Permissible current loading 50A/0,2s; 20A/1s
1.5 A permanent loading
Isolating transformer Dielectric strength 10kV~/1min
Surge withstand capability 10kV~, 1,2/50s
Transmittable power Multitone transmission: 600 W,
theoretical
Nominal impedance on equipment 150 balanced
side 75 unbalanced (switchable)
Gas-filled surge arrester Nominal DC operating voltage 230V per gas-filled arrester
Hybrid transformer Hybrid loss <0.4 dB
Transmittable power Multitone transmission: >600 W
Coupling unit Weight max. 13.75 kg
Type of protection IP54
Temperature range -25C to +50C
Test voltage 10kV~, 1 min
HF hybrid transformer in separate
case Weight 3.5 kg
Type of protection IP54
Temperature range -25C to +50C
Recommendations and regulations
taken into account VDE 0850-62, IEC60481,

5. Directional Filter
5.1 General
The high-frequency carrier currents of a communication system can be diverted past switching stations or
other break points along a high-voltage line by using bypass circuits. The pass band of these bypass circuits
must be matched to the associated coupling circuit.
This pass band can be restricted to wanted PLC channels by using suitable bandpass filters (directional fil-
ters). In stations with more than three outgoing HV lines this provides a means of through-connecting several
message channels without additional surge attenuation depending on their frequency range and only in the
wanted (geographical) directions (hence the name directional filter).
The use of directional filters provides greater flexibility for frequency planning because individual transmission
channels can be reassigned sooner.
Station A Station C
S Station B S
f1/f2 f2/f3
f1 f3
AKE TFH TFH AKE
RIFI
f2 f2
S Carrier-current line trap

AKE Coupling unit
RIFI Directional filter
TFH PLC unit
f1 - f3 PLC frequencies
Fig. 44: Through-connection of the PLC frequency f2 from direction A in direction C

5.1.1 General view of the directional filter
S
Shielding plate
Fig. 45: Front view of the directional filter

In order to adjust the directional filter the upper and lower shielding plate must be removed by undoing screws S on the left and right-hand side of the
subrack.
6 5 4 3 2 1
Connecting screws
Fig. 46: Rear view of the subrack
SIEMENS AG 2003 Edition 01/03 Seite - 53

5.2 Overall Circuit Diagram and Mechanical Design of the Directional Filter
T1 L1 L2 T2
1 ge / ye X2 X71 ge / ye 6
6 14 rt / rd rt / rd 14 6
13 13
SWK
5 12 12 5
4 11 11 4
10 10
3 9 9 3
KPK X30
2 1 8 8 1 5
3 150 150 4
75 16 24 32 32 24 16 75
Z[ ] B [kHz] B [kHz] Z[ ]
Fig. 47: Overall circuit diagram of the directional filter
SWK rt / rd
rt / rd X2
X71
ge / ye
L2
ge / ye X30
KPK
8 14
10 12
12 10
14 8
T1 T2
76 1
5 2
4 3
4
3 5
2 6
1
7
Fig. 48: Mechanical design of the directional filter
Seite - 54 Edition 01/03 SIEMENS AG 2003

5.3 Mechanical Design of the Directional Filter
The directional filter consists of two line transformers, the oscillating circuit capacitors (SWK) and coupling ca-
pacitors (KPK) modules and two tunable coils. The filter can be set to all frequency positions in the PLC
transmission range from 24...500 kHz by setting the decade capacitors with soldered links and setting the in-
ductance of the coils.
The line transformers T1 and T2 are used to match the characteristic impedance of the filter which is depend-
ent on the bandwidth (16, 24 or 32 kHz) to the characteristic impedances of the TC cable used (75 or
150 ).
W18
W11
W15
W13
W16
W12
W14
W17
W10
W1
W7
W6
W5
W4
W2
W9
W8
W3
C11
C13
C14
C10
C1
C7
C6
C5
C2
C9
C3
C17
C16
C15
W19
W119
C116
C115
C117
C110
C103
C101
C109
C107
C105
C102
C106
C114
C113
C111
W110
W108
W107
W105
W104
W103
W102
W101
W109
W106
W117
W115
W116
W114
W113
W111
W112
W118
Fig. 49: The oscillating circuit capacitors module SWK
C141 C14 C13 C12 C11 C10

C7
C5
C6
C9
C8
C4
C3
C2
C1
W14
W13
W12
W11
W10
W3
W1
W2
W5
W4
W8
W7
W6
W9
Fig. 50: The coupling capacitors module KPK

5.4 Adjustment Procedure
The procedure for adjusting the directional filter is as follows:

1.) Insert the soldered links at transformers T1 and T2 for the wanted filter bandwidth 16/24 or 32
kHz (see 5.5.2)
2.) Insert the soldered links at transformers T1 and T2 for matching to the existing cable type with
characteristic impedance Z 75 or 150 (see 5.5.1)
3.) Insert the soldered links on capacitor boards SWK and KPK for the wanted filter center fre-
quency range fM and the wanted filter bandwidth B = 16 / 24 or 32 kHz according to the tuning
tables in 5.5
4.) Then connect the directional filter to a level measuring set. Make sure that the filter input and
output are correctly terminated by the measuring equipment.
PS RIFI PM
PS = 0 dB
Ri = 75 (150) Ri = 75 (150)
PS Level transmitter
PM Level meter
RIFI Directional filter
Fig. 51: Test setup for adjusting the directional filter
5.) Inductive adjustment to the wanted filter center frequency and symmetry of the attenuation
curve is performed by turning the two filter coils alternately. Proceed as follows:
5.1 Coarse adjustment to max. level at filter center frequency at the filter output (0.5 dB ...1,0dB
below the transmit level at the filter input)
5.2 Fine adjustment of attenuation curve symmetry, i.e. the level differences at the band limits f =
fM B are <0.5 dB
6.) Clamp the upper parts of the coils.

When clamping the upper parts of the filter coils with tensioning clamps the pass band curves
obtained may change slightly especially at high frequency center frequencies. If necessary the
coils must be unclamped again and the deviation corrected by making suitable allowance before
reclamping.
7.) Lastly check the reverse attenuation of the filter at fM B (aB = 5...6 dB)

5.5 Assignment of Links in the Directional Filter
Directional filter tuning table for the 16 kHz bandwidth:
No. Lower Upper Links W... and W 1.. Links W

center fre- center fre- Module SWK Module KPK
quency [kHz] quency [kHz]
1 32.0 33.6 13, 15, 16, 17 13
2 33.6 35.2 13,14,16,17 6, 7, 8, 9, 11, 12
3 35.2 36.9 13, 16, 17 8, 9, 11, 12
4 36.9 38.8 13, 15, 17 5, 9, 11, 12
5 38.8 40.7 14, 15, 16 7, 8, 11, 12
6 40.7 42.7 14, 17 7, 11, 12

7 42.7 44.8 9, 10, 11, 17 11, 12
8 44.8 47.1 10, 11, 14, 16 5, 8, 10, 12
9 47.1 49.4 10, 11, 13, 14, 15 6, 10, 12
10 49.4 51.9 10, 11, 14, 15 7, 9, 10, 11
11 51.9 54.5 16 9, 10, 11

12 54.5 57.2 9, 10, 13, 15 8, 9, 12
13 57.2 60.1 10, 11, 15 8, 10, 11
14 60.1 63.2 9, 15 6, 10, 11
15 63.2 63.8 15 7, 8, 12
16 63.8 64.4 3, 5, 6, 7, 9, 10, 11, 13, 14 10, 11

17 64.4 67.7 5, 6, 7, 9, 10, 11, 13, 15 6, 7, 12
18 67.7 71.1 11, 13, 14 7, 12
19 71.1 74.7 9, 13, 14 4, 12
20 74.7 78.5 7, 10, 11, 14 7, 9, 11
21 78.5 82.5 3, 5, 6, 7, 9, 10, 14 4, 9, 11

22 82.5 86.7 7, 9, 14 5, 7, 8, 11
23 86.7 89.3 14 6, 8, 11
24 89.3 90.1 14 6, 8, 11
25 90.1 91.0 2, 3, 5, 6, 7, 9, 10, 11, 13 5, 6, 7, 11
26 91,0 95,7 3, 5, 6, 7, 9, 10, 11, 13 8, 9, 10

27 95.7 100.6 10, 11, 13 7, 11
28 100.6 105.7 7, 11, 13 5, 9, 10
29 105.7 111.1 7, 9, 10, 13 11
30 111.1 116.7 10, 13 4, 7, 8, 10
31 116.7 122.7 9, 13 6, 8, 10
32 122.7 128.3 13 6, 7, 10
33 128.3 129.6 1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 7, 9, 10, 11 8, 10
34 129.6 136.2 3, 5, 6, 7, 9, 10, 11 5, 7, 10
35 136.2 143.1 9, 10, 11 4, 6, 10
36 143.1 150.5 6, 10, 11 4, 5, 10

37 150.5 158.2 6, 7, 9, 11 3, 10
38 158.2 166.2 9, 11 5, 6, 7, 8, 9
39 166.2 174.7 7, 11 6, 7, 8, 9
40 174.7 182.7 11 5, 7, 8, 9

Continued
41 182.7 184.6 11 2, 4, 7, 8, 9
42 184.6 186.4 1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 7, 9, 10 4, 7, 8, 9
43 186.4 195.9 3, 5, 6, 7, 9, 10 7, 8, 9
44 195.9 206.0 7, 9, 10 6, 8, 9
45 206.0 216.5 5, 9, 10 2, 5, 8, 9
46 216.5 227.6 3, 6, 7, 10 4, 8, 9
47 227.6 239.2 7, 10 2, 5, 7, 9
48 239.2 251.5 6, 10 4, 7, 9
49 251.5 263.0 10 3, 4, 6, 9
50 263.0 265.6 10 4, 6, 9
51 265.6 268.3 1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 7, 9 3, 6, 9
52 268.3 271.0 1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 7, 9 2, 6, 9
53 271.0 284.8 3, 5, 6, 7, 9 2, 3, 4, 5, 9
54 284.8 297.9 6, 7, 9 3, 5, 9
55 297.9 313.1 3, 7, 9 3, 4, 9
56 313.1 329.2 3, 5, 6, 9 3, 9
57 329.2 346.0 2, 6, 9 6, 7, 8
58 346.0 363.7 1, 5, 9 2, 4, 5, 7, 8
59 363.7 382.4 9 1, 5, 7, 8
60 382.4 386.2 9 5, 7, 8
61 386.2 390.1 1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 7 3, 4, 7, 8
62 390.1 410.0 1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 7 4, 7, 8
63 410.0 431.0 5, 6, 7 1, 7, 8
64 431.0 453.1 1, 6, 7 2, 4, 6, 8
65 453.1 476.3 2, 3, 5, 7 3, 6, 8
66 476.3 500.7 5, 7 3, 5, 6, 7


1 36.0 37.7 11, 15, 16, 17 8, 9, 12
2 37.7 39.5 10, 14, 16, 17 8, 10, 11
3 39.5 41.4 16, 17 6, 10, 11
4 41.4 43.4 10, 15, 17 10, 11
5 43.4 45.5 13, 14, 17 8, 12
6 45.5 47.7 15, 16 6, 12

7 47.7 50.0 10, 17 12
8 50.0 52.4 14, 16 4, 6, 9, 11
9 52.4 55.0 13, 14, 15 4, 9, 11
10 55.0 57.7 10, 16 5, 7, 8, 11
11 57.7 60.6 11, 13, 15 6, 8, 11

12 60.6 63.6 9, 10, 11, 15 6, 7, 11
13 63.6 66.8 10, 15 7, 9, 10
14 66.8 67.4 15 6, 11
15 67.4 68.1 15 6, 11
16 68.1 68.8 3, 5, 6, 7, 9, 10, 11, 13, 14 6, 11

17 68.8 72.2 7, 9, 10, 11, 13, 14 5, 11
18 72.2 75.8 7, 9, 10, 13, 14 4, 5, 7, 8, 10
19 75.8 79.7 13, 14 7, 8, 10
20 79.7 83.7 6, 7, 9, 11, 14 5, 6, 7, 10
21 83.7 87.9 9, 10, 14 3, 8, 10

22 87.9 92.3 7, 14 4, 7, 10
23 92.3 93.2 14 4, 6, 10
24 93.2 94.1 14 7, 10
25 94.1 95.1 2, 3, 5, 6, 7, 9, 10, 11, 13 4, 6, 10
26 95.1 99.9 3, 5, 6, 7, 9, 10, 11, 13 3, 4, 5, 10

27 99.9 104.9 10, 11, 13 4, 10
28 104.9 110.3 7, 11, 13 5, 6, 7, 8, 9
29 110.3 115.9 6, 9, 10, 13 6, 7, 8, 9
30 115.9 121.1 10, 13 3, 5, 7, 8, 9
31 121.1 127.3 9, 13 4, 7, 8, 9
32 127.3 132.4 13 4, 6, 8, 9
33 132.4 133.7 1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 7, 9, 10, 11 4, 6, 8, 9
34 133.7 140.5 5, 6, 7, 9, 10, 11 2, 5, 6, 7, 9
35 140.5 147.7 9, 10, 11 5, 8, 9
36 147.7 155.2 5, 10, 11 3, 8, 9

37 155.2 163.1 5, 7, 9, 11 5, 7, 9
38 163.1 171.5 9, 11 4, 7, 9
39 171.5 180.2 3, 5, 6, 11 2, 4, 6, 9
40 180.2 187.5 11 6, 9

Continued
41 187.5 189.3 1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 7, 9, 10 6, 9
42 189.3 196.2 1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 7, 9, 10 3, 4, 5, 9
43 196.2 206.2 3, 5, 7, 9, 10 2, 5, 9
44 206.2 216.7 6, 9, 10 2, 4, 9
45 216.7 227.8 2, 3, 5, 6, 7, 10 1, 9
46 227.8 239.4 5, 7, 10 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 8
47 239.4 251.7 3, 6, 10 4, 5, 7, 8
48 251.7 264.6 3, 10 5, 7, 8
49 264.6 267.2 10 3, 4, 7, 8
50 267.2 269.9 10 3, 4, 7, 8
51 269.9 272.6 1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 7, 9 2, 4, 7, 8
52 272.6 276.9 1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 7, 9 3, 4, 7, 8
53 276.9 291.0 3, 5, 6, 7, 9 2, 7, 8
54 291.0 305.9 2, 3, 5, 7, 9 3, 4, 6, 8
55 305.9 321.6 7, 9 4, 6, 8
56 321.6 338.0 1, 5, 6, 9 1, 6, 8
57 338.0 353.5 6, 9 2, 5, 6, 7
58 353.5 371.6 5, 9 1, 4, 5, 8
59 371.6 388.6 9 2, 5, 8
60 388.6 392.5 1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 7 4, 6, 7
61 392.5 412.6 1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 7 2, 6, 7
62 412.6 433.7 5, 6, 7 6, 7
63 433.7 455.9 2, 6, 7 1, 3, 8
64 455.9 479.2 2, 3, 5, 7 1, 8
65 479.2 503.8 1, 5, 7 3, 5, 7


1 40.0 41.6 15, 16, 17 5, 7, 8, 11
2 41.6 43.5 14, 16, 17 6, 8, 11
3 43.5 45.5 10, 11, 13, 15, 17 5, 8, 11
4 45.5 47.6 10, 11, 14, 15, 16 5, 7, 11
5 47.6 49.8 11, 14, 17 6, 9, 10
6 49.8 52.2 9, 13, 17 5, 11

7 52.2 54.7 10, 11, 14, 16 11
8 54.7 57.3 10, 11, 13, 14, 15 3, 7, 8, 10
9 57.3 60.1 10, 11, 16 6, 8, 10
10 60.1 62.7 16 5, 8, 10
11 62.7 65.7 10, 13, 15 8, 10

12 65.7 68.9 9, 11, 15 7, 10
13 68.9 72.0 15 6, 10
14 72.0 72.7 3, 5, 6, 7, 9, 10, 11, 13, 14 3, 4, 5, 10
15 72.7 76.2 7, 9, 10, 11, 13, 14 5, 10
16 76.2 80.0 7, 9, 10, 13, 14 10

17 80.0 84.0 13, 14 4, 6, 7, 8, 9
18 84.0 88.2 7, 9, 11, 14 3, 4, 5, 7, 8, 9
19 88.2 92.6 9, 10, 14 5, 7, 8, 9
20 92.6 97.2 6, 14 7, 8, 9
21 97.2 98.2 14 4, 6, 8, 9
22 98.2 99.1 2, 3, 5, 6, 7, 9, 10, 11, 13 3, 6, 8, 9
23 99.1 104.1 3, 5, 6, 7, 9, 10, 11, 13 2, 5, 6, 7, 9
24 104.1 109.4 10, 11, 13 5, 8, 9
25 109.4 114.9 6, 11, 13 4, 8, 9
26 114.9 120.7 6, 9, 10, 13 1, 5, 7, 9

27 120.7 126.8 3, 5, 6, 7, 9, 13 4, 7, 9
28 126.8 133.2 6, 7, 13 3, 4, 6, 9
29 133.2 136.4 13 1, 6, 9
30 136.4 137.8 1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 7, 9, 10, 11 2, 6, 9
31 137.8 144.8 3, 5, 6, 7, 9, 10, 11 3, 4, 5, 9

32 144.8 152.1 9, 10, 11 3, 5, 9
33 152.1 159.8 5, 10, 11 3, 4, 9
34 159.8 168.0 5, 7, 9, 11 2, 9
35 168.0 175.7 9, 11 6, 7, 8
36 175.7 184.6 3, 5, 6, 11 2, 4, 5, 7, 8
37 184.6 192.0 11 2, 5, 7, 8
38 192.0 193.9 1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 7, 9, 10 1, 5, 7, 8
39 193.9 203.8 2, 3, 5, 6, 7, 9, 10 3, 4, 7, 8
40 203.8 214.2 7, 9, 10 3, 7, 8

Continued
41 214.2 225.2 5, 9, 10 7, 8
42 225.2 236.6 3, 6, 7, 10 1, 4, 6, 8
43 236.6 248.7 7, 10 2, 6, 8
44 248.7 261.4 2, 3, 5, 10 3, 5, 6, 7
45 261.4 272.0 10 5, 6, 7
46 272.0 274.7 10 1, 4, 5, 8
47 274.7 277.4 1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 7, 9 2, 3, 5, 8
48 277.4 291.6 1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 7, 9 3, 5, 8
49 291.6 306.5 6, 7, 9 5, 8
50 306.5 322.2 3, 7, 9 3, 4, 8
51 322.2 338.7 3, 5, 6, 9 4, 8
52 338.7 356.0 6, 9 2, 8
53 356.0 374.2 5, 9 8
54 374.2 393.3 9 2, 5, 7
55 393.3 397.3 1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 7 1, 5, 7
56 397.3 417.6 1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 7 2, 3, 4, 7
57 417.6 439.0 5, 6, 7 3, 4, 7
58 439.0 461.5 2, 6, 7 2, 3, 7
59 461.5 485.1 2, 3, 5, 7 3, 5, 6
60 485.1 509.9 5, 7 1, 5, 6
5.5.1 Link Assignment for Impedance 75 or 150 :
Impedance [] Links T1 / T2
75 5-6
3-4
150 4-5
When using 75 coaxial cable insert a jumper between the connecting screws 2 and 3 resp. 4 and 5. The in-
ner conductor has to be connected to the terminals 1 resp. 6. The shield is grounded with the cable clamp.
5.5.2 Link Assignment for Bandwidth 16 / 24 or 32 kHz
Bandwidth [kHz] Links T1 / T2

16 13 - 14 11 - 13
10 - 12 9 - 10
24 13 - 14 11 - 12
10 - 11
32 12 - 13 10 - 11

Ake 100

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Commissioning Instructions

Coupling Unit AKE 100

1. Description of the Coupling Unit AKE 100 ------------------------------------------------------------ 5

Page - 2 Edition 01/03 SIEMENS AG 2003

SIEMENS AG 2003 Edition 01/03 Page - 3

General safety regulations

Page - 4 Edition 01/03 SIEMENS AG 2003

1. Description of the Coupling Unit AKE 100

1.1 Introduction to Carrier Frequency Coupling on HV Lines

SIEMENS AG 2003 Edition 01/03 Page - 5

High-voltage cables (AKE 100 A5, A6, A7)

Open-wire lines exposed to HV interference

AKE 100 A3 AKE 100 A3

Fig. 1: Phase-to-ground coupling

AKE 100 A2 AKE 100 A2

Fig. 2: Phase-to-phase coupling

Page - 6 Edition 01/03 SIEMENS AG 2003

to the PLC unit to the PLC unit

Fig. 3.: Inter-system coupling

Financial outlay Attenuation Transmission security

1 Phase-to-ground cou- minimal greater than for 2 not guaranteed if a cou-

2 Phase-to-phase coupling twice as high as 1 smaller than for 1 guaranteed if a coupled

SIEMENS AG 2003 Edition 01/03 Page - 7

1.2 Mechanical Design of the AKE 100

600 Z high-voltage open-wire line approx.: 400

Primary voltage arrester

Drain and tuning coil

Isolating and tuning transformer

. Gas-filled surge arrester .

Fig. 4 Mechanical design of the AKE 100

1.2.1 Grounding Switch

1.2.2 Primary Voltage Arrester

Page - 8 Edition 01/03 SIEMENS AG 2003

1.2.3 Drain and Tuning Coil

1.2.4 Isolating Capacitor

1.2.5 Isolating Transformer

SIEMENS AG 2003 Edition 01/03 Page - 9

1.2.6 Gas-Filled Surge Arrester

1.2.7 HF Hybrid Transformer

Page - 10 Edition 01/03 SIEMENS AG 2003

1.2.7.1 Connection diagram for the HF Hybrid Transformer

Links to be inserted for 75 cable Links to be inserted for 150 cable

1.4 Transmission Frequency Range

SIEMENS AG 2003 Edition 01/03 Page - 11

2.1 General Safety Regulations

2.2 Selection of the Mounting Position

Page - 12 Edition 01/03 SIEMENS AG 2003

to the PLC unit

Fig. 7: Connection of the AKE 100 A3 for phase-to-ground coupling

to the PLC unit

Fig. 8: Connection of the AKE 100 A2 for phase-to-phase coupling

SIEMENS AG 2003 Edition 01/03 Page - 13

Fig. 9: Connection of AKE 100 A3 to AKE 100 A4 for phase-to-phase coupling

to the PLC unit

Page - 14 Edition 01/03 SIEMENS AG 2003

2.3 Connecting the Grounding Conductor

Fig. 11: Connecting the grounding conductor to the AKE

SIEMENS AG 2003 Edition 01/03 Page - 15

2.4 Connecting the Coupling Cable

2.5 Laying and Connection of the Carrier Frequency Cable

2.5.1 General Regulations

The PLC cable is used to link:

Page - 16 Edition 01/03 SIEMENS AG 2003