SECTION B (EXPERIMENT)

BAHAGIAN B (EKSPERIMEN)

FORM 4 / TINGKATAN 4

CHAPTER 2: FORCES AND MOTION

BAB 2 : DAYA DAN GERAKAN

1. Effect of force (F=ma)

Kesan daya (F=ma)

m,a : Force constant

Daya tetap

Inference : Acceleration of trolley depends on its mass

Inferens Pecutan troli bergantung pada jisim troli.

Hypothesis : Mass increases, acceleration. decreases.

Hipotesis Semakin bertambah jisim troli, semakin berkurang pecutan troli.

Aim of experiment : To investigate the relationship between acceleration and mass

Tujuan eksperimen Menyiasat hubungan antara pecutan dan jisim.

Manipulated variable : mass / number of trolley

Pembolehubah dimanipulasi : jisim / bilangan troli

Responding variable : acceleration of a trolley

Pembolehubah bergerakbalas : pecutan troli

Constant variable : Force applied by an elastic cord,F

Pembolehubah yang dimalarkan : Daya yang dikenakan oleh getah kenyal, F

Arrangement of apparatus:
Susunan Radas:

Procedure :
Prosedur :

1. Switch on power supply and a ticker timer.

Hidupkan bekalan kuasa dan jangkamasa detik.
2. The trolley is pulled down the inclined runway with an elastic cord attached to the hind
post of the trolley.
Troli ditarik menuruni landasan condong dengan tali kenyal di sambungkan pada
bahagian troli.

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 3. The elastic cord is stretched until the other end is with the front end of the trolley. The
length is maintained as the trolley runs down the runway.
Tali kenyal ditegangkan dan panjang tali kenyal di kekalkan semasa troli menuruni
landasan.
4. The ticker tape obtained is cut into strips of 10- ticks and the acceleration, produced
by the one unit of force is calculated by using the formula, a=v-u/t
Pita detik yang diperolehi dipotong dengan setiap jalur mempunyai 10 detik dan
pecutan yang dihasilkan oleh satu unit daya dihitung menggunakan formula , a=v-u/t
5. The experiment is repeated with 2,3,4 and 5 trolley (with a second trolley stack up on
the first trolley)
Eksperimen diulangi dengan bilangan troli 2,3,4 dan 5 ( troli kedua di lekatkan pada
bahagian atas troli pertama)

Tabulation of data:
Penjadualan data:

Mass of trolley Acceleration

Jisim troli Pecutan
1 trolley
1 troli
2 trolley
2 troli
3 trolley
3troli
4 trolley
4troli
5 trolley
5 troli

Analysis of data:
Analisis data:

Acceleration
Pecutan

Mass
Jisim

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 2. Effect of force (F=ma)
Kesan daya (F=ma)

F, a : Mass constant
Jisim tetap

Inference : Acceleration of trolley depends on its force

Inferens Pecutan troli bergantung pada daya troli.

Hypothesis : Force increases, acceleration. increases

Hipotesis Semakin bertambah daya , semakin bertambah pecutan troli.

Aim of experiment : To investigate the relationship between acceleration and force

Tujuan eksperimen Menyiasat hubungan antara pecutan dan daya

Manipulated variable : Force applied by an elastic cord, F

Pembolehubah dimanipulasi : Daya yang dikenakan oleh getah kenyal, F

Responding variable : Acceleration of a trolley

Pembolehubah bergerakbalas : Pecutan troli

Constant variable : mass / number of trolley

Pembolehubah yang dimalarkan : jisim / bilangan troli

Arrangement of apparatus:
Susunan Radas:

Procedure :
Prosedur :

1. Switch on power supply and a ticker timer.

Hidupkan bekalan kuasa dan jangkamasa detik.
2. The trolley is pulled down the inclined runway with an elastic cord attached to the hind
post of the trolley.
Troli ditarik menuruni landasan condong dengan tali kenyal di sambungkan pada
bahagian troli.
3. The elastic cord is stretched until the other end is with the front end of the trolley. The
length is maintained as the trolley runs down the runway.
Tali kenyal ditegangkan dan panjang tali kenyal di kekalkan semasa troli menuruni
landasan.
4. The ticker tape obtained is cut into strips of 10- ticks and the acceleration, produced
by the one unit of force is calculated by using the formula, a=v-u/t
Pita detik yang diperolehi dipotong dengan setiap jalur mempunyai 10 detik dan
pecutan yang dihasilkan oleh satu unit daya dihitung menggunakan formula , a=v-u/t

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 5. The experiment is repeated with 2,3,4 and 5 identical elastic cord.
Eksperimen diulangi dengan bilangan troli 2,3,4 dan 5 getah kenyal yang sama.

Tabulation of data:
Penjadualan data:

Force / Number of elastic cord Acceleration

Daya/ Bilangan getah kenyal Pecutan
1 elastic cord
1 getah kenyal
1 elastic cord
1 getah kenyal
1 elastic cord
1 getah kenyal
1 elastic cord
1 getah kenyal
1 elastic cord
1 getah kenyal

Analysis of data:
Analisis data:

Acceleration
Pecutan

Force / Number of elastic cord

Daya/ Bilangan getah kenyal

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 3. Velocity and height of a trolley
Halaju dengan ketinggian troli

v, h : angle of inclined runway,

Sudut kecondongan landasan,

Inference : Velocity depends on the height of a trolley

Inferens Halaju troli bergantung kepada ketinggian troli

Hypothesis : Height of trolley increases , velocity of trolley increases

Hipotesis Semakin bertambah ketinggian troli, semakin bertambah halaju troli.

Aim of experiment : To investigate the relationship between velocity and height of a trolley
Tujuan eksperimen Menyiasat hubungan antara halaju dan ketinggian troli

Manipulated variable : Height of a trolley,h

Pembolehubah dimanipulasi : Ketinggian troli, h

Responding variable : Velocity of a trolley

Pembolehubah bergerakbalas : Halaju troli

Constant variable : angle of inclined runway,

Pembolehubah yang dimalarkan : Sudut kecondongan landasan,

Arrangement of apparatus:
Susunan Radas:

Procedure :
Prosedur :

1. A ticker tape is attached to a trolley and passed through a ticker-timer connected to a

power supply.
Pita detik dilekatkan pada troli dan melalui jangka masa detik yang disambungkan
kepada bekalan kuasa.
2. The trolley is placed at a height,h=10.0cm from the table top. The height, h is
measured by using a ruler and recorded.
Troli diletakkan pada ketinggian, h =10.0 cm dari permukaan meja. Ketinggian,h di
ukur dengan menggunakan pembaris meter.
3. The power supply is turned on and the trolley is released to the run down the runway.
Bekalan kuasa dihidupkan dan troli dilepaskan menuruni landasan.
4. The velocity of the trolley at the bottom of the runway is calculated by using the
formula
Halaju troli pada bahagian bawah landasan dihitung dengan menggunakan formula

v= Distance traveled,s , v = Jarak dilalui,s

Time for 5 ticks Masa untuk 5 detik
= s cm = 5cm
5 ticks X 0.02s 5 detik X 0.02 s

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 5. The experiment repeated with a height,h = 20.0cm, 30.0cm, 40.0cm and 50.0cm.
Eksperimen diulangi dengan ketinggian h = 15.0cm, 20.0cm, 25.0cm and 30.0cm.

Tabulation of data:
Penjadualan data:

Height of a trolley (cm) Velocity

Ketinggian troli(cm) Halaju

10.0

20.0

30.0

40.0

50.0

Analysis of data:
Analisis data:

Velocity
Halaju

Height of a trolley
Ketinggian troli

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 4. Velocity and distance of a spring compression
Halaju dengan jarak mampatan spring

v, x : Elasticity of a spring // spring constant// stiffness //diameter // thickness of a spring

Kekenyalan spring // pemalar spring //kekerasan// diameter //ketebalan spring

Inference : Velocity depends on a distance of a spring compression

Inferens Halaju troli bergantung kepada jarak mampatan spring

Hypothesis : Distance of a spring compression increases, the velocity of trolley increases.

Hipotesis Semakin bertambah jarak mampatan spring , semakin bertambah halaju troli.

Aim of experiment : To investigate the relationship between velocity and a distance of a spring compression
Tujuan eksperimen Menyiasat hubungan antara halaju dan jarak mampatan spring

Manipulated variable : Distance of a spring compression, x

Pembolehubah dimanipulasi : Jarak mampatan spring, x

Responding variable : Velocity of a trolley

Pembolehubah bergerakbalas : Halaju troli

Constant variable : Elasticity of a spring // spring constant// stiffness//

diameter // thickness of a spring
Pembolehubah yang dimalarkan : Kekenyalan spring // pemalar spring//kekerasan//
diameter //ketebalan spring

Arrangement of apparatus:
Susunan Radas:

Procedure :
Prosedur :

1. Switch on the power supply and ticker timer.

Hidupkan bekalan kuasa dan jangka masa detik.
2. Compress the spring by pushing the trolley at a distance, x =2.0cm measured by a
ruler.
Mampatkan spring dengan menolak troli pada jarak, x =2.0cm diukur dengan
menggunakan pembaris meter.
3. Release the trolley and calculate the velocity of a trolley from a ticker tape by using
the formula,
Lepaskan troli dan hitung halaju troli daripada pita detik menggunakan formula,

v= Distance traveled,s , v = Jarak dilalui,s

Time for 5 ticks Masa untuk 5 detik
= s cm = 5cm
5 ticks X 0.02s 5 detik X 0.02 s

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 4. The experiment repeated with a distance compression,x = 4.0cm, 6.0cm, 8.0cm and
10.0cm.
Eksperimen diulang dengan jarak mampatan spring, x = 4.0cm, 6.0cm, 8.0 cm dan
10.0cm.

Tabulation of data:
Penjadualan data:

Distance of a spring compression, x (cm) Velocity

Jarak mampatan spring, x (cm) Halaju

2.0

4.0

6.0

8.0

10.0

Analysis of data:
Analisis data:

Velocity
Halaju

Distance of a spring compression, x

Jarak mampatan spring, x

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 5. Velocity and distance of a spring stretching
Halaju dengan jarak regangan spring

v, x : Elasticity of a spring // spring constant// stiffness //diameter // thickness of a spring

Kekenyalan spring // pemalar spring //kekerasan// diameter //ketebalan spring

Inference : Velocity depends on a distance of a spring stretching

Inferens Halaju troli bergantung kepada jarak regangan spring

Hypothesis : Distance of a spring stretching increases, the velocity of trolley increases.

Hipotesis Semakin bertambah jarak regangan spring , semakin bertambah halaju troli.

Aim of experiment : To investigate the relationship between velocity and a distance of a spring stretching
Tujuan eksperimen Menyiasat hubungan antara halaju dan jarak regangan spring

Manipulated variable : Distance of a spring stretching, x

Pembolehubah dimanipulasi : Jarak regangan spring, x

Responding variable : Velocity of a trolley

Pembolehubah bergerakbalas : Halaju troli

Constant variable : Elasticity of a spring // spring constant// stiffness//

diameter // thickness of a spring
Pembolehubah yang dimalarkan : Kekenyalan spring // pemalar spring//kekerasan//
diameter //ketebalan spring

Arrangement of apparatus:
Susunan Radas:

Procedure :
Prosedur :

1. Switch on the power supply and ticker timer.

Hidupkan bekalan kuasa dan jangka masa detik.
2. Pull the trolley at a distance, x =2.0cm measured by a ruler.
Tarik troli pada jarak, x =2.0 cm diukur dengan menggunakan pembaris meter.
3. Release the trolley and calculate the velocity of a trolley from a ticker tape by using
the formula,
Lepaskan troli dan hitung halaju troli daripada pita detik menggunakan formula,

v= Distance traveled,s , v = Jarak dilalui,s

Time for 5 ticks Masa untuk 5 detik
= s cm = 5cm
5 ticks X 0.02s 5 detik X 0.02 s

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 4. The experiment repeated by pulling the trolley at a distance, x = 4.0cm, 6.0cm, 8.0cm
and 10.0cm.
Eksperimen diulang dengan jarak mampatan spring, x = 4.0cm, 6.0cm, 8.0 cm dan
10.0cm.

Tabulation of data:
Penjadualan data:

Distance of a spring stretching, x (cm) Velocity

Jarak regangan spring, x (cm) Halaju

2.0

4.0

6.0

8.0

10.0

Analysis of data:
Analisis data:

Velocity
Halaju

Distance of a spring stretching, x

Jarak regangan spring, x

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 6. Period of oscillation and mass (Inertia)
Tempoh ayunan dengan jisim

T, m : The number of hacksaw blade oscillation // angle of oscillation

Bilangan ayunan bilah gergaji // sudut ayunan

Inference : Period of oscillation depends on its mass.

Inferens Tempoh ayunan bergantung kepada jisim

Hypothesis : The mass increases , the period of oscillation increases

Hipotesis Semakin bertambah jisim , semakin bertambah tempoh ayunan.

Aim of experiment : To investigate the relationship between period of oscillation and a mass.
Tujuan eksperimen Menyiasat hubungan antara tempoh ayunan dan jisim.

Manipulated variable : Mass

Pembolehubah dimanipulasi : Jisim

Responding variable : Period of oscillation

Pembolehubah bergerakbalas : Tempoh ayunan

Constant variable : The number of hacksaw blade oscillation // angle of

oscillation
Pembolehubah yang dimalarkan : Bilangan ayunan bilah gergaji // sudut ayunan

Arrangement of apparatus:
Susunan Radas:

Procedure :
Prosedur :

1. Measure the mass of the plasticine, m= 20.0g by using the triple beam balance and
place it at the end of the hacksaw blade.
Timbang jisim plastisin, m =20.0g menggunakan neraca tiga alur dan letakkan
dihujung bilah gergaji.
2. Displace the hacksaw blade at a small angle of about 10.
Sesarkan bilah gergaji pada sudut ayunan yang kecil 10.
3. Release the hacksaw blade and at the same time start the stopwatch.
Lepaskan bilah gergaji dan pada masa yang sama hidupkan jam randik.
4. Record the time for 10 complete of hacksaw oscillations, t10
Catatkan masa bagi 10 ayunan lengkap bilah gergaji, t10
5. The period of the hacksaw blade oscillation is calculated by using the
formula T= t10
10
Tempoh ayunan bilah gergaji dihitung dengan menggunakan
formula T= t10
10

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 6. Experiment is repeated by using different mass of plasticine, m= 40.0g, 60.0g, 80.0g
and 100.0g.
Eksperimen diulang dengan jisim plastisin yang berlainan, m = 40.0g, 60.0g, 80.0g
dan 100.0g.

Tabulation of data:
Penjadualan data:

Mass of plasticine, m (g) Period of oscillation

Jisim plastisin,m (g) Tempoh ayunan

20.0

40.0

60.0

80.0

100.0

Analysis of data:
Analisis data:

Period of oscillation
Tempoh ayunan

Mass of plasticine, m
Jisim plastisin,m

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 7. Extension of a spring and mass (Hookes Law)
Pemanjangan spring dengan jisim (Hukum Hooke)

x, m : Elasticity of a spring // spring constant// stiffness //diameter // thickness of a spring

Kekenyalan spring // pemalar spring //kekerasan// diameter //ketebalan spring

Inference : Extension of a spring depends on its mass.

Inferens Pemanjangan spring bergantung kepada jisim

Hypothesis : The mass increases , the extension of a spring increases

Hipotesis Semakin bertambah jisim , semakin bertambah pemanjangan spring.

Aim of experiment : To investigate the relationship between extension of a spring and a mass.
Tujuan eksperimen Menyiasat hubungan antara pemanjangan spring dan jisim.

Manipulated variable : Mass

Pembolehubah dimanipulasi : Jisim

Responding variable : Extension of a spring, x

Pembolehubah bergerakbalas : Pemanjangan spring, x

Constant variable : Elasticity of a spring // spring constant// stiffness

//diameter // thickness of a spring
Pembolehubah yang dimalarkan : Kekenyalan spring // pemalar spring //kekerasan//
diameter //ketebalan spring

Arrangement of apparatus:
Susunan Radas:

Procedure :
Prosedur :

1. Measure the initial length of the spring, L1 by using a ruler.

Ukur panjang asal spring, L1 menggunakan pembaris meter
2. Put one slotted mass,m = 20.0g at the end of the spring
Letakkan jisim pemberat,m = 20.0g pada hujung spring.
3. Measure the length of the spring, L2
Ukur panjang spring, L2
4. Calculate the extension of the spring, x= L2-L1
Hitungkan pemanjangan spring ,x = L2-L1
5. Repeat the experiment by using different of slotted mass,m = 40.0g,60.0g,80.0g
and 100.0g.
Eksperimen diulang dengan jisim pemberat yang berlainan, m = 40.0g, 60.0g, 80.0g
dan 100.0g.

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 Tabulation of data:
Penjadualan data:

Slotted mass,m (g) Extension of a spring,x

Jisim pemberat,m (g) Pemanjangan spring, x

20.0

40.0

60.0

80.0

100.0

Analysis of data:
Analisis data:

Extension of a spring,x
Pemanjangan spring, x

Slotted mass,m (g)

Jisim pemberat,m (g)

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 CHAPTER 3: FORCES AND PRESSURE
BAB 3 : DAYA DAN TEKANAN

1. Pressure and surface area ( P = F / A )

Tekanan dengan luas permukaan ( P = F /A)

P, A : Weight / Force / Mass of slotted weight

Berat / Daya / Jisim pemberat

Inference : Pressure depends on surface area .

Inferens Tekanan bergantung kepada luas permukaan.

Hypothesis : Surface area decreases , pressure increases.

Hipotesis Semakin berkurang luas permukaan, semakin bertambah tekanan.

Aim of experiment : To investigate the relationship between pressure and surface area
Tujuan eksperimen Menyiasat hubungan antara tekanan dan luas permukaan.

Manipulated variable : Surface area ,A

Pembolehubah dimanipulasi : Luas permukaan, A

Responding variable : Pressure

Pembolehubah bergerakbalas : Tekanan air

Constant variable : Weight / Force / Mass of slotted weight

Pembolehubah yang ditetapkan : Berat / Daya / Jisim pemberat

Arrangement of apparatus:
Susunan Radas:

Slotted weight
Pemberat

Wooden rod
Rod kayu

Plasticine Ruler
Plastisin Pembaris meter

dd

Procedure :
Prosedur :

1. Start the experiment with a wooden rod has surface area 1 cm2
Mulakan eksperimen dengan luas permukaan rod kayu 1 cm 2
2. Placed the load of mass 200 g on the top of wooden rod as shown on diagram.
Letakkan pemberat dengan jisim 200g di atas rod kayu seperti ditunjukkan pada
rajah.
3. Measure the depth of depression, d made on the plasticine by using a ruler.
Ukur kedalaman ,d plastisin dengan menggunakan pembaris meter.
4. Repeat the experiment with different surface area of rod , A = 2 cm2, 3 cm2 , 4
cm2 and 5cm2.
Eksperimen diulang dengan luas permukaan rod kayu yang berbeza, A =2 cm2,
3 cm2 , 4 cm2 dan 5cm2.

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 Tabulation of data:
Penjadualan data:

Surface area (cm2) Pressure

Luas permukaanbersentuhan(cm2) Tekanan

Analysis of data:
Analisis data:

Lukis graf tekanan melawan luas permukaan

Draw a graph pressure against surface area

Pressure
Tekanan

Surface area
Luas permukaan

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 2. Buoyant force, FB and depth of iron rod in water / weight of water displaced (Prinsip Archimedes)
Daya Tujah Ke atas, FB dengan kedalaman rod besi dalam air / berat air yang disesarkan (Prinsip
Archimedes)

FB, W0wd : Density of a liquid

Ketumpatan cecair

Inference : Buoyant force depends on depth of iron rod in water / weight of water displaced
Inferens Daya tujah ke atas bergantung kepada kedalaman rod besi dalam air / berat air yang
disesarkan

Hypothesis : The depth of iron rod in water increases / weight of water displaced increases , the
Hipotesis buoyant force increases.
Semakin bertambah kedalaman rod besi dalam air / berat air yang disesarkan , semakin
bertambah daya tujah ke atas.

Aim of experiment : To investigate the relationship between buoyant force and the depth of iron rod in
Tujuan eksperimen water
Menyiasat hubungan antara daya tujah ke atas dan kedalaman rod besi dalam air.

Manipulated variable : Depth of iron rod in water

Pembolehubah dimanipulasi : Kedalaman rod besi dalam air

Responding variable : Buoyant force

Pembolehubah bergerakbalas : Daya tujah ke atas

Constant variable : Density of a liquid

Pembolehubah yang dimalarkan : Ketumpatan air

Arrangement of apparatus:
Susunan Radas:

Procedure :
Prosedur :

1. The weight of iron rod in air is measured by using a spring balance,W 0

Berat rod besi di udara di ukur dengan menggunakan neraca spring, W0
2. The iron rod is lowered vertically in the water at depth, L=5.0cm
Rod besi di masukkan ke dalam air secara tegak pada kedalaman, L=5.0cm
3. The weight of iron in the water is measured,W1.
Berat rod besi di dalam air diukur, W1
4. The buoyant force,B is calculated by using a formula, B= W1 W0.
Daya tujah ke atas , FB di hitung dengan menggunakan formula, B= W1 W0.

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 5. The experiment is repeated with depth, L=10.0cm,15.0cm,20.0cm and 25.0cm.
Eksperimen diulang dengan kedalaman, L = 10.0cm, 15.0cm, 20.0cm dan 25.0cm.

Tabulation of data:
Penjadualan data:

Depth of iron rod in water (cm) Buoyant force

Kedalaman rod besi dalam air (cm) Daya tujah ke atas

10.0

20.0

30.0

40.0

50.0

Analysis of data:
Analisis data:

Buoyant force
Daya tujah ke atas

Depth of iron rod in water

Kedalaman rod besi dalam air

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 CHAPTER 4: HEAT
BAB 4 : HABA

1. Rise in temperature, and mass of material ( Q = mc)

Kenaikan suhu dengan jisim bahan (Q = mc)

, m : Initial temperature // specific heat capacity// type of liquid

Suhu awal bahan // muatan haba tentu air// jenis cecair

Inference : Rise in temperature depends on its mass.

Inferens Kenaikan suhu bergantung kepada jisim bahan.

Hypothesis : The mass of material decreases, the rise in temperature increases.

Hipotesis Semakin berkurang jisim bahan , semakin bertambah kenaikan suhu.

Aim of experiment : To investigate the relationship between rise in temperature and the mass of material.
Tujuan eksperimen Menyiasat hubungan antara kenaikan suhu dan jisim bahan.

Manipulated variable : Mass of material

Pembolehubah dimanipulasi : Jisim bahan

Responding variable : Rise in temperature

Pembolehubah bergerakbalas : Kenaikan suhu

Constant variable : Initial temperature // specific heat capacity// type

of liquid
Pembolehubah yang dimalarkan : Suhu awal bahan // muatan haba tentu air// jenis
cecair

Arrangement of apparatus:
Susunan Radas:

Procedure :
Prosedur :

1. The 20g of water is filled in the beaker.

20 g air diisi didalam bikar.
2. The initial temperature, 0 of water is recorded.
Suhu awal air, 0 air dicatat.
3. Switch on the heater and record the final temperature, F after 5 minutes.
Hidupkan pemanas dan catatkan bacaan suhu akhir , F selepas 5 minit.
4. Rise of temperature is calculated using a formula =F - 0
Kenaikan suhu dihitung dengan menggunakan formula =F - 0
5. Repeat the experiment for different masses 40g,60g,80g and 100g.

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 6. The experiment is repeated with different masses, m = 40.0g,60.0g,80.0g and 100.0g.
Eksperimen diulang dengan jisim yang berbeza, m = 40.0g,60.0g,80.0g dan 100.0g.

Tabulation of data:
Penjadualan data:

Mass of material (g) Rise in temperature

Jisim bahan (g) Kenaikan suhu

20.0

40.0

60.0

80.0

100.0

Analysis of data:
Analisis data:

Rise in temperature
Kenaikan suhu

Mass of material
Jisim bahan

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 2. Pressure and Volume ( Boyles Law P = 1 )
V
Tekanan dengan Isipadu ( Hukum Boyles P = 1 )
V

P, V Temperature / mass of air inside a syringe

Suhu / jisim udara di dalam picagari

Inference : Pressure depends on its volume.

Inferens Tekanan bergantung kepada isipadu.

Hypothesis : The volume decreases , the pressure increases.

Hipotesis Semakin berkurang jisim bahan , semakin bertambah tekanan.

Aim of experiment : To investigate the relationship between pressure and volume.

Tujuan eksperimen Menyiasat hubungan antara tekanan dan isipadu.

Manipulated variable : Volume

Pembolehubah dimanipulasi : Isipadu

Responding variable : Pressure

Pembolehubah bergerakbalas : Tekanan

Constant variable : Temperature / mass of air inside a syringe

Pembolehubah yang dimalarkan : Suhu / jisim udara di dalam picagari

Arrangement of apparatus:
Susunan Radas:

Procedure :
Prosedur :

1. The piston of the syringe is pushed in until the enclosed volume of air trapped is
50cm3.
Omboh picagari ditolak sehingga isipadu udara terperangkap 50cm 3.
2. The pressure on the Bourdon gauge is recorded.
Tekanan pada Tolok Bourdon dicatatkan.
3. Repeat the experiment for enclosed volume /air trapped in the syringe 40cm3, 30cm3,
20cm3 and 10cm3.
Eksperimen diulang dengan isipadu udara yang terperangkap,V = 40cm3, 30cm3,
20cm3 dan 10cm3.

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 Tabulation of data:
Penjadualan data:

Volume of air trapped (cm3) Pressure

Isipadu udara yang terperangkap (cm3) Tekanan

50.0

40.0

30.0

20.0

10.0

Analysis of data:
Analisis data:

Pressure
Tekanan

Volume of air trapped

Isipadu udara terperangkap

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 3. Volume and Temperature ( Charles Law V = T )
Isipadu dengan Suhu ( Hukum Charles V = T )

V, T Mass / Pressure of air trapped

Jisim / Tekanan udara terperangkap

Inference : Volume depends on its temperature.

Inferens Isipadu bergantung kepada suhu.

Hypothesis : The temperature increases , the volume increase.

Hipotesis Semakin bertambah suhu , semakin bertambah isipadu.

Aim of experiment : To investigate the relationship between volume and temperature.

Tujuan eksperimen Menyiasat hubungan antara isipadu dan suhu.

Manipulated variable : Temperature of trapped air,

Pembolehubah dimanipulasi : Suhu udara terperangkap,

Responding variable : Length of air column,x

Pembolehubah bergerakbalas : Panjang turus udara, x

Constant variable : Mass/ Pressure of trapped air

Pembolehubah yang dimalarkan : Jisim/ Tekanan udara terperangkap.

Arrangement of apparatus:
Susunan Radas:

Procedure :
Prosedur :

1. The water is heated and continuously stirred until the temperature of the water reaches
20C.
Air dipanaskan dan dikacau berterusan sehingga suhu air mencapai 20 C.
2. The length of air column, x is measured by using a ruler.
Panjang turus udara, x di ukur dengan menggunakan pembaris meter.
3. The experiment is repeated by increases the temperature, = 40C,60C, 80C and
100C.
Eksperimen diulang dengan dengan menambahkan suhu , = 40C,60C, 80C dan
100C.

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 Tabulation of data:
Penjadualan data:

Temperature of trapped air, (C ) Length of air column trapped ,x

Suhu udara terperangkap, (C ) Panjang turus udara terperangkap, x

20

40

60

80

100

Analysis of data:
Analisis data:

Length of air column trapped,x

Panjang turus udara terperangkap, x

Temperature of trapped air

Suhu udara terperangkap

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 4. Pressure and Temperature ( Pressure Law P = T )
Tekanan dengan Suhu ( Hukum Tekanan P = T )

P, T Mass / Volume of air trapped

Jisim / Isipadu udara terperangkap

Inference : Pressure depends on its temperature.

Inferens Tekanan bergantung kepada suhu.

Hypothesis : The temperature increases , the pressure increases.

Hipotesis Semakin bertambah suhu , semakin bertambah tekanan.

Aim of experiment : To investigate the relationship between pressure and temperature.

Tujuan eksperimen Menyiasat hubungan antara tekanan dan suhu.

Manipulated variable : Temperature of trapped air,

Pembolehubah dimanipulasi : Suhu udara terperangkap,

Responding variable : Pressure of trapped air

Pembolehubah bergerakbalas : Tekanan udara terperangkap

Constant variable : Mass/ Volume of trapped air

Pembolehubah yang dimalarkan : Jisim/ Isipadu udara terperangkap.

Arrangement of apparatus:
Susunan Radas:

Procedure :
Prosedur :

1. The water bath is heated and continuously stirred until the temperature of the water
reaches 20C.
Air di dalam kukus dipanaskan dan dikacau secara berterusan sehingga suhu air
mencapai 20C.
2. The pressure of the air in round bottomed flask is measured by using the Bourdon
gauge.
Tekanan udara di dalam kelalang dasar bulat di ukur dengan menggunakan Tolok
Bourdon.
3. The experiment is repeated by increases the temperature 40C,60C, 80C and 100C.
Eksperimen diulang dengan dengan menambahkan suhu , = 40C,60C, 80C dan
100C.

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 Tabulation of data:
Penjadualan data:

Temperature of trapped air, (C ) Pressure of trapped air

Suhu udara terperangkap, (C ) Tekanan udara terperangkap

20

40

60

80

100

Analysis of data:
Analisis data:

Pressure of trapped air

Tekanan udara terperangkap

Temperature of trapped air

Suhu udara terperangkap

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 CHAPTER 5: LIGHT
BAB 5 : CAHAYA

1. Linear magnification,m and object distance,u

Pembesaran Linear, m dengan Jarak objek, u

m, u : Focal length / lens power

Panjang focus / kuasa kanta

Inference : Linear magnification depends on the object distance.

Inferens Tekanan air bergantung kepada kedalaman air.

Hypothesis : Object distance increases , linear magnification decreases.

Hipotesis Semakin bertambah jarak objek , semakin berkurang pembesaran linear.

Aim of experiment : To investigate the relationship between linear magnification and object distance.
Tujuan eksperimen Menyiasat hubungan antara pembesaran linear dan jarak objek.

Manipulated variable : Object distance , u

Pembolehubah dimanipulasi : Jarak objek , u

Responding variable : Linear magnification

Pembolehubah bergerakbalas : Pembesaran linear

Constant variable : Focal length / lens power

Pembolehubah yang dimalarkan : Panjang fokus / kuasa kanta

Arrangement of apparatus:
Susunan Radas:

Procedure :
Prosedur :

1. The object is placed 10.0cm from the lens.

Objek diletakkan 10.0 cm daripada kanta.
2. Adjust the screen until the sharp image formed on the white screen.
Skrin dilaraskan sehingga imej yang tajam dibentuk pada skrin.
3. The image distance,v is measured by using a ruler.
Jarak imej, v di ukur dengan menggunakan pembaris meter.
4. Linear magnification of the image, m is calculated using a formula, m=v/u
Pembesaran linear imej, m di hitung dengan menggunakan rumus, m=v/u

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 5. Repeat the experiment with different object distance, u=20.0cm, 30.0cm, 40.0cm and
50.0cm.
Eksperimen diulang dengan jarak objek yang berlainan, u =20.0cm, 30.0cm, 40.0cm
dan 50.0cm.

Tabulation of data:
Penjadualan data:

Object distance,u (cm) Linear magnification

Jarak objek, u (cm) Pembesaran linear

10.0

20.0

30.0

40.0

50.0

Analysis of data:
Analisis data:

Linear magnification
Pembesaran linear

Object distance
Jarak objek

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 2. Density of a liquid and apparent depth
Ketumpatan cecair dengan dalam ketara, h

Real depth
Dalam nyata

Inference : The apparent depth depends on density of liquid.

Inferens Dalam ketara bergantung kepada ketumpatan cecair

Hypothesis : The density of a liquid increases the apparent depth decreases.

Hipotesis Semakin bertambah ketumpatan cecair , semakin berkurang dalam ketara

Aim of experiment : To investigate the relationship between apparent depth and density of a liquid
Tujuan eksperimen Menyiasat hubungan antara dalam ketara dan ketumpatan cecair

Manipulated variable : Density of a liquid

Pembolehubah dimanipulasi : Ketumpatan cecair

Responding variable : Apparent depth

Pembolehubah bergerakbalas : Dalam ketara

Constant variable : Real depth

Pembolehubah yang dimalarkan : Dalam nyata

Arrangement of apparatus:
Susunan Radas:

Procedure :
Prosedur :

1. The beaker is filled with liquid with density 1.0 kgm-3.

Bikar di isi dengan air berketumpatan 1.0 kgm-3.
2. By using a ruler ,the real depth of the pin is measured = H
Dengan menggunakan pembaris meter, dalam nyata kedudukan pin di ukur, H
3. The position of pin O is seen vertically above the surface of the water.
Kedudukan pin O dilihat secara tegak di atas permukaan air.
4. The position of pin I is adjusted until parallax error between the pin O and the pin I is
non- existent.
Kedudukan pin I dilaraskan sehingga ralat paralaks antara pin I dan pin O tidak
kelihatan.
5. By using the ruler again ,the position of pin I is measured as the apparent depth = h
Dengan menggunakan pembaris meter, kedudukan pin I diukur sebagai dalam
ketara =h

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 6. Repeat the experiment with different density of liquid, = 2.0 kgm-3 , = 3.0 kgm-3 .
= 4.0 kgm-3 and = 5.0 kgm-3
Eksperimen diulang dengan ketumpatan cecair yang berlainan, = 2.0 kgm-3 , = 3.0
kgm-3 . = 4.0 kgm-3 and = 5.0 kgm-3

Tabulation of data:
Penjadualan data:

Density of a liquid, (kgm-3 ) Apparent depth, h(cm)

Ketumpatan cecair, (kgm-3 ) Dalam nyata, h (cm)

1.0

2.0

3.0

4.0

5.0

Analysis of data:
Analisis data:

Apparent depth
Dalam nyata

Density of a liquid
Ketumpatan cecair

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 FORM 5 / TINGKATAN 5

CHAPTER 6: WAVE
BAB 6 : GELOMBANG

1. Distance between two consecutive loud sounds,x and distance between two loud speakers, a
Jarak antara dua bunyi kuat yang berturutan, x dan jarak antara dua pembesar suara, a

, d Frequency of the signal generator

Frekuensi penjana audio

Inference : Distance between two consecutive loud sounds,x depends on distance between two loud
Inferens speakers, a
Jarak antara dua bunyi kuat yang berturutan, x bergantung kepada jarak antara dua
pembesar suara, a

Hypothesis : The distance between two loud speakers, a, increases the distance between two
Hipotesis consecutive loud sounds,x decreases.
Semakin bertambah jarak antara dua pembesar suara, a ,semakin berkurang jarak
antara dua bunyi kuat yang berturutan, x

Aim of experiment : To investigate the relationship between the distance between two consecutive loud
Tujuan eksperimen sounds, x and distance between two loud speakers, a
Menyiasat hubungan antara jarak antara dua bunyi kuat yang berturutan, x dan jarak
antara dua pembesar suara, a

Manipulated variable : Distance between two loud speakers, a

Pembolehubah dimanipulasi : Jarak antara dua pembesar suara, a

Responding variable : Distance between two consecutive loud sounds,x

Pembolehubah bergerakbalas : Jarak antara dua bunyi kuat yang berturutan, x

Constant variable : Frequency of the signal generator

Pembolehubah yang dimalarkan : Frekuensi penjana audio

Arrangement of apparatus:
Susunan Radas:

Procedure :
Prosedur :

1. Place a signal generator and two loudspeakers on a long bench in an open space.
Letakkan penjana audio dan dua pembesar suara
2. Adjust the separation, a, of the two speakers 1.0m.
Ubah pemisahan ,a dua pembesar suara 1.0m.
3. Switch on the signal generator.
Hidupakan penjana audio.
4. An observer stand 5m in front of A and B and walks in a straight line parallel to the
both loudspeaker position.
Pemerhati berdiri 5m dihadapan pembesar suara dan berjalan di sepanjang garis
garis lurus selari dengan kedudukan kedua-dua pembesar suara.

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 5. The distance between two consecutive loud sound heard, x, is measured by metre rule.
Jarak antara dua bunyi kuat yang berturutan, x diukur dengan menggunakan pembaris
meter.

6. Repeat the experiment with distance between two loudspeakers, a=1.2m,

1.4m,1.6m,1.8m and 2.0m.
Eksperimen diulang dengan jarak antara dua pembesar suara,a = 1.2m,
1.4m,1.6m,1.8m dan 2.0m.

Tabulation of data:
Penjadualan data:

Distance between two loud Distance between two consecutive

speakers, a (cm ) loud sounds,x
Jarak antara dua pembesar Jarak antara dua bunyi kuat yang
suara, a(cm ) berturutan, x

1.0

1.2

1.4

1.6

1.8

Analysis of data:
Analisis data:

Distance between two consecutive loud sounds

Jarak antara dua bunyi kuat yang berturutan

Distance between two loud speakers

Jarak antara dua pembesar suara

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 CHAPTER 7 : ELECTRICITY
BAB 7 : ELEKTRIK

1. Rise in temperature, and magnitude of current

Kenaikan suhu, dan magnitud arus.

, I Time of heating // volume of water

Masa pemanasan // isipadu air

Inference : Rise in temperature depends on the magnitude of current.

Inferens Kenaikan suhu bergantung kepada magnitud arus.

Hypothesis : The magnitude of current increases the rise in temperature increases.

Hipotesis Semakin bertambah magnitud arus semakin bertambah kenaikan suhu.

Aim of experiment : To investigate the relationship between the rise in temperature and magnitude of
Tujuan eksperimen current .
Menyiasat hubungan antara kenaikan suhu dan magnitud arus.

Manipulated variable : Magnitude of current, I

Pembolehubah dimanipulasi : Magnitud arus, I

Responding variable : Rise in temperature,

Pembolehubah bergerakbalas : Kenaikan suhu,

Constant variable : Time of heating // volume of water

Pembolehubah yang dimalarkan : Masa pemanasan // isipadu air

Arrangement of apparatus:
Susunan Radas:

Procedure :
Prosedur :

1. Record the initial water temperature, 0

Catatkan suhu awal air, 0
2. Switch on the circuit and adjust the the rheostat to supply a current 0.2A.
Hidupkan suis dan laraskan rheostat supaya arus yang mengalir 0.2A.
3. Record the final water temperature, F after 5 minutes.
Rekod suhu akhir air, F selepas 5 minit.
4. Rise in temperature, is calculated by using the formula = F - 0
Kenaikan suhu, dihitung dengan menggunakan formula = F - 0
5. Repeat the experiment for different magnitude of current, I=0.4A, 0.6A,0.8A and
1.0A.
Eksperimen diulang dengan magnitud arus yang berbeza, I= 0.4A, 0.6A,0.8A dan
1.0A.

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 Tabulation of data:
Penjadualan data:

Magnitude of current, I (A) Rise in temperature,

Magnitud arus, I(A) Kenaikan suhu,

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1.0

Analysis of data:
Analisis data:

Rise in temperature
Kenaikan suhu

Magnitude of current
Magnitud arus

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 2. Resistance and length/diameter of wire
Rintangan dan panjang / diameter dawai.

Diameter/length/ current/resistivity
Diameter /panjang / arus / kerintangan

Inference : Resistance of wire depends on the length of wire.

Inferens Riantangan dawai bergantung kepada panjang dawai

Hypothesis : The length of wire increases the resistance of wire increases.

Hipotesis Semakin bertambah panjang dawai semakin bertambah rintangan dawai.

Aim of experiment : To investigate the relationship between the resistance of wire and the length of wire.
Tujuan eksperimen Menyiasat hubungan antara rintangan dawai dan panjang dawai

Manipulated variable : length of wire.

Pembolehubah dimanipulasi : Panjang dawai

Responding variable : resistance of wire

Pembolehubah bergerakbalas : rintangan dawai

Constant variable : Diameter/length/ current/resistivity

Pembolehubah yang dimalarkan : Diameter /panjang / arus / kerintangan

Arrangement of apparatus:
Susunan Radas:

Procedure :
Prosedur :

1. A constantan wire (s.w.g 28) with the length, L=10.0 cm is connected between XY.
Wayar constantan (s.w.g 28) dengan panjang, L=10.0 cm disambungkan antara titik
XY.
2. The rheostat is adjusted until the current flows in the circuit 0.5A and voltmeter
reading is recorded.
Reostat dilaraskan supaya arus yang mengalir di dalam litar 0.5A dan bacaan
voltmeter direkodkan.
3. The resistance calculated by using a formula, R=V/I
Rintangan di hitung dengan menggunakan formula R=V/I
4. Repeat the experiment with length of wire, L=20.0cm, 30.0cm, 40.0cm and 50.0cm.
Ulang eksperimen dengan panjang dawai L=20.0cm, 30.0cm, 40.0cm and 50.0cm.

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 Tabulation of data:
Penjadualan data:

length of wire, L (cm) resistance of wire,R ()

Panjang dawai, L(cm) Rintangan dawai, R()

10.0

20.0

30.0

40.0

50.0

Analysis of data:
Analisis data:

Resistance of wire
Riantangan dawai

Length of wire
Panjang dawai

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 3. Energy / Work done / Power / height of the load and magnitude of current / voltage
Tenaga / Kerja dilakukan / Kuasa / Ketinggian beban dan magnitud arus / voltan.

h, I Mass of the load

Jisim beban

Inference : Height of the load depends on the magnitude of current.

Inferens Ketinggian beban bergantung kepada magnitud arus.

Hypothesis : The magnitude of current increases the height of the load increases
Hipotesis Semakin bertambah magnitud arus semakin bertambah ketinggian beban.

Aim of experiment : To investigate the relationship between the height of the load and magnitude of current
Tujuan eksperimen Mengkaji hubungan antara ketinggian beban dan magnitud arus.

Manipulated variable : Magnitude of current, I

Pembolehubah dimanipulasi : Magnitud arus, I

Responding variable : Height of the load,h

Pembolehubah bergerakbalas : Ketinggian beban, h

Constant variable : Mass of the load

Pembolehubah yang dimalarkan : Jisim beban

Arrangement of apparatus:
Susunan Radas:

Procedure :
Prosedur :

1. Switch on the power supply.

Hidupkan bekalan kuasa.
2. Adjust the rheostat so that the current flow in the circuit is 0.5A.
Laraskan rheostat supaya arus yang mengalir dalam litar, I= 0.5 A.
3. Activate the stopwatch.
Hidupkan jam randik.
4. Measure the height/distance of the load, h goes up using a ruler in 2 minutes.
Ukur ketinggian / jarak beban, h menggunakan pembaris meter selepas 2 minit.
5. Repeat experiment with different current, I=1.0A, 1.5A, 2.0A and 2.5A.
Eksperimen diulang dengan magnitud arus yang berbeza, I= 1.0A, 1.5A, 2.0A dan
2.5A.

4531/2 Fizik_2013 3
 Tabulation of data:
Penjadualan data:

Magnitude of current, I (A) Height of the load

Magnitud arus, I(A) Ketinggian beban

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1.0

Analysis of data:
Analisis data:

Height of the load

Ketinggian beban

Magnitude of current
Magnitud arus

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 CHAPTER 8 : ELECTROMAGNET
BAB 8 : ELEKTROMAGNET

1. Strength of magnetic field / number of pin attracted and magnitude of current

Kekuatan medan magnet / bilangan pin yang ditarik dan magnitud arus.

N, I Number of turn of the solenoid

Bilangan lilitan solenoid

Inference : Strength of magnetic field depends on the magnitude of current.

Inferens Kekuatan medan magnet bergantung kepada magnitud arus.

Hypothesis : The magnitude of current increases the strength of magnetic field increases.
Hipotesis Semakin bertambah magnitud arus semakin bertambah kekuatan medan magnet.

Aim of experiment : To investigate the relationship between the strength of magnetic field and magnitude of
Tujuan eksperimen current .
Mengkaji hubungan antara kekuatan medan magnet dan magnitud arus.

Manipulated variable : Magnitude of current, I

Pembolehubah dimanipulasi : Magnitud arus, I

Responding variable : Number of pin attracted

Pembolehubah bergerakbalas : Bilangan pin yang ditarik

Constant variable : Number of turn of the solenoid

Pembolehubah yang dimalarkan : Bilangan lilitan solenoid

Arrangement of apparatus:
Susunan Radas:

Procedure :
Prosedur :

1. The switch is on and rheostat is adjusted to set the current flow, I = 0.2A.
Hidupkan suis dan rheostat dilaraskan supaya arus yang mengalir, I = 0.2A
2. Bring the petri dish filled with pin at the end of solenoid.
Bawa piring petri yang berisi pin pada hujung solenoid.
3. Record the number of pin attracted by the end of the solenoid.
Catatkan bilangan pin yang ditarik oleh hujung solenoid.
4. Repeat the experiment with current, I =0.4A, 0.6A, 0.8A and 1.0A.
Eksperimen diulang dengan magnitud arus yang berbeza, I= 0.4A, 0.6A,0.8A dan
1.0A.

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 Tabulation of data:
Penjadualan data:

Magnitude of current, I (A) Number of pin attracted

Magnitud arus, I(A) Bilangan pin yang ditarik

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1.0

Analysis of data:
Analisis data:

Number of pin attracted

Bilangan pin yang ditarik

Magnitude of current
Magnitud arus

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 2. Magnitude of the induced current and velocity / speed / height of bar magnet
Magnitud arus teraruh dan halaju / laju / ketinggian magnet bar

I, h Number of turn of the solenoid

Bilangan lilitan solenoid

Inference : Magnitude of the induced current depends on the height of bar magnet.
Inferens Magnitud arus teraruh bergantung kepada ketinggian magnet bar.

Hypothesis : The height of bar magnet increases the magnitude of the induced current increases.
Hipotesis Semakin bertambah ketinggian magnet bar semakin bertambah magnitud arus teraruh.

Aim of experiment : To investigate the relationship between the magnitude of the induced current and
Tujuan eksperimen height of bar magnet.
Mengkaji hubungan antara ketinggian magnet bar dan magnitud arus teraruh.

Manipulated variable : Height of bar magnet ,h

Pembolehubah dimanipulasi : Ketinggian magnet bar, h

Responding variable : Magnitude of the induced current

Pembolehubah bergerakbalas : Magnitud arus teraruh

Constant variable : Number of turn of the solenoid

Pembolehubah yang dimalarkan : Bilangan lilitan solenoid

Arrangement of apparatus:
Susunan Radas:

Procedure :
Prosedur :

1. The height of bar magnet is adjusted at h = 20 cm.

Ketinggian magnet bar dilaraskan, h = 20 cm
2. The bar magnet is dropped vertically into the coil of wire. Record the maximum
reading of miliammeter.
Magnet bar dijatuhkan secara tegak ke dalam gegelung wayar. Catatkan bacaan
maksimum miammeter.

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 3. Repeat the experiment with different height of bar magnet dropped, h = 30 cm, 40
cm, 50cm and 60 cm .
Eksperimen diulang dengan menjatuhkan magnet bar pada ketinggian yang berbeza,
h= 30 cm, 40 cm, 50cm dan 60 cm .

Tabulation of data:
Penjadualan data:

Height of bar magnet, h (cm) Magnitude of the induced current

Ketinggian magnet bar,h (cm) Magnitud arus teraruh

20

30

40

50

60

Analysis of data:
Analisis data:

Magnitude of the induced current

Magnitud arus teraruh

Height of bar magnet

Ketinggian magnet bar

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 3. Force / displacement / distance travelled and magnitude current.
Daya / sesaran / jarak yang dilalui dan magnitud arus

I, h Number of magnet bar / strength of electromagnet

Bilangan bar magnet / kekuatan elektromagnet

Inference : Distance travelled of bare copper rod depends on the magnitude of current.
Inferens Jarak yang dilalui oleh bar rod kuprum bergantung kepada magnitud arus.

Hypothesis : The magnitude of current.increases the distance travelled of bare copper rod increases.
Hipotesis Semakin bertambah magnitud arus semakin bertambah jarak yang dilalui oleh bar rod
kuprum.

Aim of experiment : To investigate the relationship between the distance travelled of bare copper rod and
Tujuan eksperimen magnitude of current.
Mengkaji hubungan antara jarak yang dilalui oleh bar rod kuprum dan magnitud arus

Manipulated variable : Magnitude current.

Pembolehubah dimanipulasi : Magnitud arus.

Responding variable : Distance travelled of bare copper rod

Pembolehubah bergerakbalas : Jarak yang dilalui oleh bar rod kuprum

Constant variable : Number of bar magnet

Pembolehubah yang dimalarkan : Bilangan bar magnet

Arrangement of apparatus:
Susunan Radas:

Procedure :
Prosedur :

1. The switch is switched on. The rheostat is adjusted to obtain a current, I = 0.5 A
Suis dihidupkan. Reostat dilaraskan supaya arus mengalir, I = 0.5A
2. Measure the displacement of the bare copper rod by using metre ruler.
Ukur sesaran bar rod kuprum menggunakan pembaris meter.

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 3. Repeat the experiment with different magnitude of current, I = 1.0A. 1.5A, 2.0 A and
2.5A..
Eksperimen diulang dengan magnitud arus yang berbez, I = 1.0A. 1.5A, 2.0 A dan
2.5A..

Tabulation of data:
Penjadualan data:

Magnitude of current, I (A) Distance travelled of bare copper rod

Magnitud arus, I (A) Jarak yang dilalui oleh bar rod kuprum

20

30

40

50

60

Analysis of data:
Analisis data:

Distance travelled of bare copper rod

Jarak yang dilalui oleh bar rod kuprum

Magnitude of current.
Magnitud arus.

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 4. Magnitude of induced current / potential difference (Vs) and number of turns of the secondary coil
Magnitud arus teraruh / beza keupayaan dan bilangan lilitan gegelung sekunder

I, Ns : Primary voltage // number of turns of the primary coil // size / diameter / thickness of wire of
coils.
Voltan Primary // bilangan lilitan gegelung primary //saiz / diameter / ketebalan gegelung
wayar.

Inference : Magnitude of the induced current depends on the number of turns of the secondary coil
Inferens Magnitud arus teraruh bergantung kepada bilangan lilitan gegelung sekunder.

Hypothesis : The number of turns of the secondary coil increases the magnitude of the induced
Hipotesis current decreases.
Semakin bertambah bilangan lilitan gegelung sekunder semakin berkurang magnitud
arus teraruh.

Aim of experiment : To investigate the relationship between the magnitude of the induced current and
Tujuan eksperimen number of turns of the secondary coil.
Mengkaji hubungan antara magnitud arus teraruh. dan bilangan lilitan gegelung
sekunder .

Manipulated variable : Number of turns of the secondary coil, Ns

Pembolehubah dimanipulasi : Bilangan lilitan gegelung sekunder.Ns

Responding variable : Magnitude of the induced current

Pembolehubah bergerakbalas : Magnitud arus teraruh

Constant variable : Number of turns of the primary coil

Pembolehubah yang ditetapkan : Bilangan lilitan gegelung primary

Arrangement of apparatus:
Susunan Radas:

Ac power
supply

Soft laminated iron core

OR

Ac power
supply

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 Procedure :
Prosedur :

1. Set up the apparatus as shown, with a 240 V ac current supply with 50 turns on the
primary coil.
Susun alat radas seperti ditunjukkan iaitu bekalan kuasa 240V dengan 50 bilangan
lilitan gegelung primary.
2. Set the secondary coil so that the number of turns n = 20
Gegelung sekunder dilaraskan dengan bilangan lilitan, n =20
3. Switch on the power supply, measure the current, I by using the ammeter that passes
through the secondary coil.
Hidupkan bekalan kuasa, ukur arus,I dengan menggunakan ammeter yang melalui
gegelung sekunder.
4. Repeat the experiment with different number of secondary coil, n = 40, 60, 80 and
100 turns.
Eksperimen diulang dengan bilangan lilitan gegelung sekunder yang berbeza, Ns =
40, 60, 80 dan 100 turns.

Tabulation of data:
Penjadualan data:

Number of turns of the Magnitude of the induced current

secondary coil,Ns Magnitud arus teraruh
Bilangan lilitan gegelung
sekunder, Ns

20

40

60

80

100

Analysis of data:
Analisis data:

Magnitude of the induced current

Magnitud arus teraruh

Number of turns of the secondary coil

Bilangan lilitan gegelung sekunder, n

SELAMAT MAJU JAYA SPM 2014

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