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Aaron Hillman
February 21, 2017
Problem 1
1 h 2
i cosh r2 + sinh2 r
hPj2 i = h0|S () a2j aj aj aj a + a S()|0i =
4 4
and so
2
2 cosh r + sinh r
h(Pj ) i =
2
we note that although the reasoning was explicitly for j = 1, by symmetry it holds
for j = 2 so we do not repeat the calculation.
1
(b) We have
1 = a1 + a1 + a2 + a2
2 = a1 + a1 (a2 + a2 )
X X
2 2 2 2
(a1 a1 ) + (a2 a2 )
(a1 a1 ) (a2 a2 )
P1 = P2 =
i2 2 i2 2
Then we compute
1
h(X1 )2 i = h|(a1 + a1 + a2 + a2 )(a1 + a1 + a2 + a2 )|i
8
again using the result for multimode squeezing we get
Problem 2
We begin with
Z
1 ? ?
W () = 2 d2 Tr[D()]e
We first note that
? = 0 i00
= 0 + i00
? ? = 0 ( ? ) i00 ( + ? )
2
= 2i0 p 2i00 x
= 2i(0 p + 00 x )
W () = Tr[D()D()P]
2
= Tr[(1)n D(2)]
2
= (1)n hn|D(2|ni
2 2
= (1)n e2|| Ln (4||2 )
3
(b) Using the result from (a) we see
2||2
X hnin 2
W () = e (1)n Ln (4||2 )
(hni + 1)n+1
2 n
2e2|| X
hni
= Ln (4||2 )
(hni + 1) n (hni + 1)
z = 4||2
hni
w=
(hni + 1)
and we have
2
2e2|| 1
W () = ewz/(w1)
(hni + 1) 1 w
We have
1 1 hni + 1
= hni
=
1w 1 + (hni+1) 2 hni + 1
w hni
=
1w 2 hni + 1
and so
1 ||2 /(hni+ 12 )
W () = 1 e
(hni + 2 )
we already have the Wigner function for a coherent state, so the only novel com-
putation is for the cross terms. It is necessary to compute
Then we use
? ? )/2
D()D() = e( D( + )
4
and so in our case we have
? ? )/2
D()D() = e( D( )
and
? + ? )/2
D()D() = e( D( )
Problem 4
We have from the Heisenberg equations of motion
i iX
a i = [H, ai ] = Mjk [aj ak , ai ]
~ ~
jk
iX iX
= Mjk [aj , ai ]ak = Mjk (ij )ak
~ ~
jk jk
iX
= Mik ak
~
k
5
in which case
X
aj (t) = Vjk ak (0)
k