http://amrita.olabs.edu.in/?

sub=1&brch=1&sim=72&cnt=1

Our Objective

To establish the relationship between the loss in weight of a solid and weight of water displaced when the solid is fully immersed
in the following solutions:

Tap water

Strong salty water

This can be done by using at least two different solids in the experiment.

The Theory

When a metallic block is immersed in water (or any other liquid), four vertical forces act upon the block below the surface of
water. These forces can be grouped into two types of forces.

1. Downward forces

a. The weight of the block.

b. The downward thrust due to pressure of the liquid on the upper surface of the block.

2. Upward forces

a. The tension of the spring, which measures the apparent weight.

 b. The upward thrust due to liquid present below the lower surface of the block. This upward thrust is known
as Buoyancy.

What happens to the weight of a body when immersed in water?

The more a body is immersed in water, the more the weight of the body decreases. The weight of the body is least when it is
completely immersed in water. This means that loss in weight of the body increases as it is completely immersed in water.

When a body is partly or completely immersed in water (or any other liquid), then:

Loss in weight of body = Weight of water (liquid) displaced by the body = Buoyant force or upthrust exerted by water (any liquid)
on the body.

It was Archimedes who first observed that bodies lose their weight when immersed in water. He proposed a principle based on
his observation that is now known as the Archimedes' Principle.

What does Archimedes' Principle state?

The Principle states that: A body immersed in a liquid loses weight by an amount equal to the weight of the liquid displaced.

Archimedes principle also states that: When a body is immersed in a liquid, an upward thrust, equal to the weight of the liquid
displaced, acts on it.

Thus, when a solid is fully immersed in a liquid, it loses weight which is equal to the weight of the liquid it displaces.

The more the density of liquid in which the solid is immersed, the less is the weight of the liquid displaced on immersing the
solid.

Does a body float?

Some bodies, if dropped in water, sink, such as a stone or a metallic needle. On the other hand, some bodies, even of the
same weight as that of those that sink, float on water. This can be proved through the Laws of Flotation.

What does the Law of Flotation state?

A body will float if the weight of the body is equal to the weight of the liquid displaced.
If the weight of the immersed body is more than the weight of the water displaced, the body will sink.

Learning outcomes

The results obtained confirm Archimedes' Principle. They prove that:

1. When a body is partly or completely immersed in water, it loses weight.

2. A body loses its maximum weight when it is completely immersed in water.

3. When a body is partly or completely in water then:

Loss in weight of the body = Weight of water displaced by the body = Buoyant Force or up-thrust exerted by water on
the body.

Volume of the water displaced = Volume of the body immersed in water.

Materials Required:
The Procedure:

As done in a real lab :

Well first prepare the strong salty water:

Take 400 ml of tap water in a 500 ml beaker, add some common salt to it and stir well. Go on adding salt to the water and
dissolve it by stirring the solution with a glass rod until some of the salt remains undissolved in the beaker. Decant the strong
(saturated) salty water and store for further use.

Now to start:

1. Hang a spring balance on an iron stand using a clamp.

2. Note the least count of the spring balance.

3. Take one of the solid blocks (S1) and weigh it by hanging it on the hook of the spring balance using a thread. Find the
weight of the solid in air (Wa) and note it.

4. Take two beakers (each of 250 ml) and mark them as A and B. Weigh them on a balance separately and note down
the mass of beaker A and B.

5. Take an overflow can and fill it with water to the brim of the outlet and place beaker A below the overflow outlet of the
can to collect the displaced water. Now, start lowering the metallic block (S 1), still attached to the spring balance into
the water of the overflow can.

6. Note the loss of weight of the metallic block as it gets completely immersed in the water. Weigh beaker A which
contains the displaced water and note the mass. To find the mass of the water displaced, subtract the initial mass of
beaker A (without displaced water) from the present mass of the beaker A (containing displaced water).

7. Repeat the experiment using the metallic block S 1 by completely immersing it in the strong salty water in the overflow
can. Note the loss in weight S 1by immersing it in the strong salt solution. Find the mass of the salt solution displaced
and collected in the beaker.
As done using the simulator:

1. From the combo box, Select Environment, select the place where the experiment to be carried out.

2. Note down the least count of the spring balance.

3. The experimental blocks (Iron and Copper) are provided in the simulator window. It can be attached to the spring
balance by double clicking on it.

4. The simulation can be performed in three media: air, tap water or salty water. To do this, choose any one of the above
media from the drop down box under Loss of weight.

5. You can now find the weight of the block by moving the mouse over the scale of the spring balance. This shows a
zoomed in area of the scale that aids in taking the reading easily.

6. You can choose the medium as tap water or salty water for immersing the object.

7. From the digital balance, note the mass of the empty beaker.

8. Again as before, select the object of your choice and find the weight after immersing the block in solution.

9. Now, the liquid overflows. Note down the new mass displayed in the digital balance.

10. The Reset button can be used to reset the experiment to its initial state.

Observations:

Weight of metallic block S1 in air = .................. g wt.

Mass of empty beaker = ............ g.

Weight of the block (S1) after immersed in solution = ................. g wt.

New mass displayed in the digital balance = ................. g.

Loss of weight of block in air = .............. g wt.

Mass of water displaced (m) = ...................... g.

Weight of solution displaced = m x g = ............ g wt.

Least count of the spring balance :

5 divisions = 25 g.wt

1 division = 25/5

=5 g.wt

Precautions:
1. The string used to hang the spring balance should have negligible weight.

2. The metallic block should be gradually immersed in water.

3. Reading of spring balance should be taken only when it is stable.

4. When immersing the metallic block in water, care should be taken that displaced water does not spill.

Lors de l'immersion du bloc mtallique dans l'eau, il faut veiller ce que l'eau dplace
ne se rpande pas

The Archimedes thrust is directly proportional to the

The immersed volume of the object and the density of the liquid.

Le principe dArchimde : Tout corps plong dans un liquide , subit de la part de

ce liquide une pousse verticale, du bas en haut gale au poids du volume de
liquide dplac . Fa = Pdep = liquide.Vd.g
the principle of Archimedes:
Any body immersed in a liquid is subjected to this liquid
A vertical thrust, from the bottom up equal to the weight of the volume of
Displaced liquid.
Fa = Pdep = ququide.Vd.g