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APPLICATION, DIMENSIONING
Examples for Application, Dimensioning
The following pages describe the most usual examples for the operation of motor valves and their location in pipe systems.
A perfect control needs correct valve dimensioning and the selection of suitable hydraulic circuits.
Mixing controls are usually preferred for power control of the load if the temperature of the medium has an influence
on the final controlled value (radiation of radiator, decarbonising in domestic hot water) or if the flow rate in the consumer
circuit
has to be constant (see example 2). Flow rate control is necessary to supply the customer with a temperature difference or
when transportcosts have to be optimised, e.g. disrict heating (see example 1).
An example for this application is the heating of supply water or the air-recooler. If used for dehumidification the air-recooler
should not exceed a defined max. temperature.
The motor valves are appropriate for mixing control and flow rate control.
The flow against the valve cone has to occur always in the same way. Therefore, in order to achieve a flow rate control
the 3-way valves have to be installed in the return flow (see example 4). The selection of valve size depends on the k VS-value.
This value is determined by the water flow (in m 3/h) which passes through a standard valve at p = 100kPa and nominal
stroke.
For good control results the following examples show (for different installations) how the ratio between the valve pressure drop
and the residuary system pressure consumption has to be selected.
A fundamental principle for 2-way valves says that the pressure drop of the open valve must be minimum half of the pressure
drop of the closed valve. In this case the working characteristic of the final control element coincides sufficiently with the valve
characteristic. For 3-way valves the pressure drop of the open valve port must be the same as the attached piping in which the
flow rate is variing.
CAUTION
For valve dimensioning, the consultant has to calculate the flow rate which is needed for the HVAC-system.
According to the examples the minimum pressure drop of the completely opened valve can be calculated.
The minimum pressure drop of the valve is always related to the pressure drop of a certain part of the pipe system. The
minimum pressure drop is named pA-AB in the examples. With the pressure drop and the flow rate the kVS-value can be
selected with the nomograms on page A-4 and A-5.
CAUTION
For the medium steam the supply steam pressure is needed first. The pressure
drop must never exceed the critical pressure ratio, otherwise the valve will be
damaged by supersonic steam flow.
Example 1
PA PB
Example 2
Mixing control at the consumer
Example 3
Mixing control at the consumer
The result of this dimensioning is a very low pressure drop for the valve.
According to the control characteristic this calculated pressure drop is
shown as a minimum value. If possible a higher pressure drop for better
control characteristic should be selected (e.g. 5-10kPa).
For control, the alignment elements 4 are recommended.
Application: Heat must be immediately at consumer. High performance
temperature control (e.g. frost protected air conditioning), valve must be
mounted next to the consumer.
Example 5
Mixing control at the consumer (injection circuit)
Example 6
Mixing control at the consumer
water column
10 20 50 100 200 500 1000 2000 5000 10000 20000 50000 100000 mmWS
500,0 500000
300000
200,0 200000
100,0 100000
50,0 50000
40000
30000
20,0 20000
15000
10,0 10000
5,0 5000
3000
2,0 2000
1500
1,0 1000
700
600
0,5 500
400
300
0,2 200
0,1 100
2 50
waterflow Q (m3 /h)
waterflow Q (l/h)
40
1 30
20
10
1 2 3 4 5 10 20 30 40 50 100 200 300 500 1000 2000 5000 10000 mbar
0,1 0,2 0,3 0,5 1,0 5,0 10 20 30 50 100 200 500 1000 kPa
pressure drop
A-7
1
Fig. 2 Example for dimensioning, medium steam
100
150
1 = Example for dimensioning steam 200
1,0 1,5 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 100 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1000 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10000 2 3 4 5 67
2 = Example for dimensioning superheated steam superheating (C)
superheated steam (kg/h)
Honeywell
EN3C-0156 1097R3-MA