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itus

GII CHI TIT


BI TP HA HU C HAY V KH
T CC THI TH 2015 2016 (Phn 1)

Li ni u !
Gi li cm n su sc nht ti Thy Nguyn Vn Duyn l ngi Thy du dt con nhng
bc i u n vi vic nghin cu tm ti v Ha Hc Ph Thng.

Cm n cc qu Thy c l nhng tc gi ca cc bi tp c mnh s dng trong ti liu ny. Cc


cu u c trch dn ngun r rng. Tuy nhin do c mt s bi tp c tng hp t Internet, mng x
hi nn mnh khng trch dn r rng v ngun, rt mong s thng cm t qu Thy c.

Ti liu ny c chia s min ph, vi mc ch phi thng mi nn rt mong nhn c s ng gp,


phn hi t qu Thy c cng nh cc bn hc sinh ti liu ngy mt hon thin hn v s l ngun t liu
qu bu cho cc bn hc sinh n thi THPT Quc Gia.

Gi tng cc bn hc sinh 98 n thi THPT Quc 2016 nh mn qu nhn dp TT TRUNG THU 2015

c bit mnh gi li cm n ti:


Mt bn n sinh vin lp Y2015 Khoa Y i hc Quc Gia TP. H Ch Minh, ngi tng ng
vin, tin tng vo con ng mnh chn, cho mnh thy nhiu mng vui ti ca cuc sng Si Gn y bon
chen, tp np ny. Mong mt ngy gp li bn!
Thin h v u? Sao vi i?
Bao gi gp na? C tnh chi?
Lng ti theo bc ngi qua y
Cho n hm nay vn chng v.

Mt bn nick Facebook l Hng nh hc sinh trng THPT Hn Thuyn Bc Ninh.


Mt bn nick Facebook l Phng Nguyn H Ni (d thi trng H Kinh t Quc dn).

Cm n cc bn tin tng, qu mn gi mnh mt ting l Thy d cha tng mt ln ng bng


dy c cc bn ch no. Vi c nhn mnh tui 23, li khng xut thn chnh thng t mi trng S Phm
th l qu l nim vui, nim vinh hnh ln. Cm n cc bn. Chc cc bn ginh c kt qu tht cao k
thu THPT Quc Gia nm 2016.
m Trung Thu - Si Gn, 27/09/2015

Ngi thy trung bnh ch bit ni. Ngi thy gii bit gii thch,
Ngi thy xut chng bit minh ha. Ngi thy v i bit cch truyn cm hng
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Cu 1: Hp cht hu c X c cng thc phn t l C5H15O4N3. Cho m gam X tc dng vi 150 ml dung dch
KOH 0,24M. Sau phn ng thu c dung dch Y, c cn dung dch Y thu c 3,681 gam chn rn khan v
kh Z duy nht. Mt khc nu cho ton b dung dch Y trn tc dng vi HCl va th s mol HCl cn dng l
A. 0,045 mol B. 0,050 mol C. 0,051 mol D. 0,054 mol
Hng dn gii
2.5 3 15 2
k X tnh theo CTPT 0
Bin lun cu to ca X 2 X l hp cht c cha lin kt ion
X phn ng c vi KOH k X thc t 1

S lin kt ion = k X thc t k X tnh theo CTPT

Mt khc, ta c 4 X l hp cht c cha 2 nhm mui amoni
X c 4 Oxi k X thc t 2 2

Cng thc cu to ca X c th l
Trng hp 1:

p dng bo ton khi lng, ta c:


181x 0,036.56 3,681 31.2x 18.2x x 0,02 mol
mX m KOH m rn mCH NH m H O
3 2 2
n KOH phn ng 2x = 0,04 mol > n KOH ban u = 0,036 mol (Mu thun Loi)

Trng hp 2:

p dng bo ton khi lng, ta c:


181x 0,036.2.56 3,681 17.2x 18.2x x 0, 015 mol
mX m KOH m rn mCH NH m H O
3 2 2

KOOC CH(C 2 H 4 NH 2 ) COOK : 0,015 mol


Y gm
KOH d : 0,036 0,03 0,006 mol
KOOC CH(C 2 H 4 NH 2 ) COOK + 3HCl


Y n HCl dng 3.0,015 0,006 0,051 mol
0,015 mol

KOH d + HCl

0,006 mol
Ngi thy trung bnh ch bit ni. Ngi thy gii bit gii thch,
Ngi thy xut chng bit minh ha. Ngi thy v i bit cch truyn cm hng
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Cu 2: Hn hp X gm 1 ancol n chc v 1 este n chc (mch h, cng s nguyn t cacbon). t chy


hon ton m gam X cn dng va V lt O2 th thu c 17,472 lt CO2 v 11,52 gam nc. Mt khc m gam
X phn ng vi dung dch KOH d th thu c 0,26 mol hn hp ancol. Bit X khng tham gia phn ng trng
gng. Gi tr V l bao nhiu? (cc kh o ktc)
A. 21,952 B. 21,056 C. 20,384 D.19,600
( thi th THPT Quc Gia ln 3 THPT Nguyn Khuyn TP. H Ch Minh, nm 2015)
Hng dn gii
O2 , t
o
CO2 H 2 O
RCOOR ' : a mol 0,78 mol 0,64 mol
Ta c : m gam
R ''OH : b mol KOH d R 'OH : a mol
0, 26 mol
R ''OH : b mol
Cch 1: nh gi thng qua s mol CO2 v H2O
Theo gi thuyt v bo ton nguyn t C, ta c: (vi n l s C ca ancol v este)
a b 0, 26 mol

n 3
n(a b) n CO2 0, 78 mol

V X khng tham gia phn ng trng gng este khng c dng HCOOR nn este phi l : CH3COOCH3
Li c n CO2 n H2O do ancol phi l : CH C CH2 OH (k = 2)

CH3COOCH3 k 1
n ancol n CO2 n H2O 0, 78 0, 64 0,14 mol


CH C CH 2 OH k 2
n este 0, 26 0,14 0,12 mol
p dng bo ton nguyn t O, ta c:
0,14 0,12.2 2n O2 0,78.2 0,64 mol n O2 0,91 mol V 20,384 lt
Cch 2: Da vo i lng trung bnh
n CO2
C X 3 CH3COOCH 3 : x mol
n
X
X c 6H

H X 2n H2 O 4,923 CH C CH 2 OH : y mol

nX c 4H

x y 0,26 mol
x 0,12 mol
Theo gi thuyt v bo ton nguyn t H, ta c:
6x 4y 2n H2O 1,28 mol
y 0,14 mol
p dng bo ton nguyn t O, ta c:
0,14 0,12.2 2n O2 0,78.2 0,64 mol n O2 0,91 mol V 20,384 lt

Cu 3: Thy phn hon ton m gam hn hp gm peptit X v peptit Y bng dung dch NaOH thu c 151,2
gam hn hp gm cc mui natri ca Gly, Ala v Val. Mt khc, t chy hon ton m gam hn hp X, Y
trn cn 107,52 lt kh O2 (ktc) v thu c 64,8 gam H2O. Gi tr ca m l
A. 102,4. B. 97,0. C. 92,5. D. 107,8.
Hng dn gii
Cch 1: Vn dng linh hot cc nh lut bo ton
Quy i hn hp X,Y n peptit E
m gam

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Ngi thy xut chng bit minh ha. Ngi thy v i bit cch truyn cm hng
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s O trong E n 1
n l phn t aminoaxit trung bnh trong E c n1 lin kt peptit
Vi s N trong E = n
a l s mol ca E
k E n
n peptit E nNaOH Mui H 2 O

m gam an mol 151,2 gam a mol
Khi , theo quy lut phn ng ta c:
peptit E O2 CO2 H 2 O N 2
0
t


m gam 4,8 mol 3,6 mol 0,5a(n 1)

p dng bo ton khi lng cho c 2 th nghim, ta c:


Th nghim 1: BTKL
m 151,2 18a 40an
m mui m H 2O m NaOH

Th nghim 2:
BTKL
m 44n CO2 64,8 28.0,5an 4,8.32
m H 2O m N2 mO2
mCO2

p dng cng thc v bt bo ha k, bo ton nguyn t O v bo ton khi lng, ta c:


n CO n H O (k E 1 0,5.s N)a
2 2
n n n CO 0,5an a 3,6 mol n CO2 3,9 mol
3,6


2

2n CO2 n H2 O s O trong E .a 2 n O2 2n CO2 an a 6 mol an 1, 4 mol
a 0, 4 mol
44n CO2 54an 18a 240 gam
3,6 n 1 4,8

44n CO2 54an 18a 151,2 64,8 4,8.32
m 151,2 18.0, 4 40.1, 4 102, 4 gam
m mui m H2O m NaOH

Cch 2: Quy i hn hp peptit v ipeptit


tng : Li dng vic t ipeptit cho s mol CO2 = S mol H2O
peptit X,Y
quy v
Xn
hn hp ban u

n n n
X n X2 H2 O

(I). 2X n + n 2 H 2 O
nX 2 : x mol c n NaOH cn thy phn 2x mol
a mol ipeptit
s n O2 t X n v X 2 l nh nhau
X n

Gii thch: V H 2 O khng chy nn s mol O2 t H 2 O l nh nhau
ipeptit: X
2

4,8 mol O2
t : X 2 : C n H 2n N 2 O3 CO2 H 2 O (II)
3x 2.4,8 2n CO2 n H2O n CO2 n H2O x 3,2 mol
n

n
CO2 H2 O

BTNT C
m X2 (C n H2 n N2O3 ) 14 nx 76x 14. x 3,2 76x 90x 44,8 gam
nC
nCO
2

n H O khi t Xn n H2O n H2O khi t ipeptit a x 0, 4 mol n Xn 0, 4 mol


2

3,6 a x 3,2

p dng bo ton khi lng, ta c: m Xn 90x 44,8 18 x 0, 4 72x 52 (1)


mX mH
2 (C nH2nN2O3 ) 2O

Ngi thy trung bnh ch bit ni. Ngi thy gii bit gii thch,
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(II). X n 2NaOH
Mui H 2 O
gam : m 80x 151,2 0,4.18
p dng bo ton khi lng cho phn ng thy phn, ta c: mXn 80x 151,2 0,4.18 (2)

x 0,07 mol

Gii h (1), (2)
m Xn 102, 4 gam

Cu 4: Cho 0,3 mol hn hp X gm 2 este n chc tc dng va vi 200 ml dung dch NaOH 2M un
nng, thu c hp cht hu c no mch h Y c phn ng trng bc v 37,6 gam hn hp mui hu c. t
chy hon ton Y ri cho sn phm hp th ht vo bnh cha dung dch nc vi trong d, thy khi lng
bnh tng 24,8 gam. Khi lng ca X l
A. 30,8 gam B. 33,6 gam C. 32,2 gam D. 35,0 gam
( thi th THPT Quc Gia ln 1 THPT Can Lc H Tnh, nm 2015)
Hng dn gii
n NaOH 0, 4
1 c cha este phenol
n X (2 este n chc) 0,3 Este ca phenol (x mol)
X gm
X NaOH
Y AgNO3 / NH3
Ag Y l anehit no, n chc Este ca ankin (y mol)

n chc

x 0,1 mol C n H 2n O
O2 , t o
CO2 H 2 O
n X x y 0,3 mol
y 0,2 mol 0,2 0,2n 0,2n
n NaOH 2x y 0, 4 mol n
Y (C n H2n O) 0,2 mol 0,2n(44 18) 24,8 gam n = 2
X NaOH
Mui C 2 H 4 O H2 O
gam : m 0, 4.40 37,6 0,2.44 0,1.18
p dng bo ton khi lng, ta c: m 37,6 0,2.44 0,1.18 0, 4.40 32,2 gam
Cu 5: t chy hon ton m gam mt este n chc X (to bi cc cht c trong chng trnh ph thng) cn
va ht 10,08 lt oxi (ktc), sinh ra 8,96 lt CO2 (ktc). Mt khc, m gam X phn ng va ht vi 100 ml dung
dch NaOH 1M. S ng phn cu to ca X c dng CxHyOOCH l
A. 3 B. 4 C. 7 D. 8
( thi th THPT Quc Gia ln 1 THPT ng Lc H Tnh, nm 2015)
Hng dn gii
Xt hai trng hp sau:
X khng phi l este ca phenol
Theo gi thuyt v bo ton nguyn t O, ta c:
n X (C x HyO2 ) n NaOH 0,1 mol n H2O 0,3 mol

+ 2 n C H O 2 n O 2 n CO n H O n C : n H : n O 0, 4 : 2.0,3 0,2 4 : 6 : 2
x y 2 2 2 2

0,1 0,45 0,4 ?
X l C 4 H6 O2
+ X c 3 ng phn cu to dng CxHyOOCH
HCOOCH CH CH3 HCOOC(CH3 ) CH2 HCOOCH2 CH CH2
X l este ca phenol
n X (C x HyO2 ) 0,5n NaOH 0,05 mol n H2 O 0,2 mol

+ 2 n C H O 2 n O 2 n CO n H O n C : n H : n O 0, 4 : 2.0,2 0,1 8 : 8 : 2
x y 2 2 2 2

0,05 0,45 0,4 ?
X l C 8 H8O2

Ngi thy trung bnh ch bit ni. Ngi thy gii bit gii thch,
Ngi thy xut chng bit minh ha. Ngi thy v i bit cch truyn cm hng
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+ X c 4 ng phn

+ X c tng s ng phn ca X tha mn iu kin l 7

Cu 6: Thy phn 63,5 gam hn hp X gm tripeptit Ala Gly Gly v tetrapeptit Ala Ala Ala Gly thu
c hn hp Y gm 0,15 mol Ala Gly ; 0,05 mol Gly Gly ; 0,1 mol Gly; Ala Ala v Ala. Mt khc, khi
thy phn hon ton 63,5 gam hn hp X bi 500 ml dung dch NaOH 2M th thu c dung dch Z. C cn
cn thn dung dch Z thu c m gam cht rn khan. Gi tr gn nht ca m l
A. 100,5 B. 112,5 C. 96,4 D. 90,6
( thi th THPT Quc Gia ln 2 THPT Chuyn Vinh Ngh An, nm 2015)
Hng dn gii
Ala Gly : 0,15 mol
Gly Gly : 0, 05 mol
Ala Gly Gly : a mol H
Ta c : 63,5 gam
Ala Ala Ala Gly : b mol Gly: 0,1 mol
Ala Ala v Ala
p dng bo ton khi lng v bo ton mol mt xch Gly, ta c:
203a 288b 63,5 gam
a 0,1 mol
n peptit 0, 25 mol
2a b 0,15 0,1 0,1 mol b 0,15 mol

Theo quy lut phn ng thy phn peptit trong NaOH, ta c:


n peptit nNaOH Mui H2 O
gam : 63,5 1.40 ?
Vi n peptit n H2O
BTKL
63,5 1.40 m 0,25.18 m 99 gam
gn nht
100,5 gam

Cu 7: t chy hon ton 29,2 gam hn hp X gm anehit acrylic, metyl axetat, anehit axetic v etylen
glicol thu c 1,15 mol CO2 v 23,4 gam H2O. Mt khc, khi cho 36,5 gam hn hp X trn tc dng ht vi
dung dch AgNO3 trong NH3 th thu c ti a m gam Ag. Gi tr gn nht ca m l
A. 43,5 B. 64,8 C. 53,9 D. 81,9
( thi th THPT Quc Gia ln 2 THPT Chuyn Vinh Ngh An, nm 2015)
Hng dn gii
Cch 1: S dng phng php quy i
Thi bui 2015 ny ngi ta c v thch nhng bi ton hn hp nhiu cht. Nhng loi bi tp ny ch mang
tnh cht da nhau thi ch thc ra cng n gin. Ch cn cc bn tm ra c ci chung ca m hp l
tiu dit gn ngay.
+ Bn X ny c g chung ?

Ngi thy trung bnh ch bit ni. Ngi thy gii bit gii thch,
Ngi thy xut chng bit minh ha. Ngi thy v i bit cch truyn cm hng
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Quan st k ta thy:
C hai cht c 1 Oxi v 4 Hiro (CH2=CH-CHO v CH3CHO) u c mi lin quan ti Ag.
Cn hai cht cn li c 2 Oxi v 6 Hiro (CH3COOCH3 v C2H4(OH)2) khng lin quan ti Ag.

Cx H 4O : a mol O2 , t o CO2 :1,15 mol
+ Vy th X
quy thnh


C y H6O2 : b mol H 2O :1,3 mol
29, 2 1,15.12 1,3.2
p dng bo ton khi lng ta c: n O trong X 0,8 mol
16
a 2b 0,8 mol a 0, 2 mol
p dng bo ton nguyn t O v H, ta c:
4a 6b 2, 6 mol b 0,3 mol
Ch : C s thay i khi lng gia cc ln th nghim cc bn nh !
36,5 CHO2Ag
n CHO 0, 2. 0, 25 mol mAg 0, 25.2.108 54 gam gn nht
53,9 gam
29, 2
Cch 2: S dng phng php s m
Nhn xt: Bi ra gm 4 cht nhng ch cho 3 thng tin v s liu gm khi lng hn hp, s mol CO2, s mol
H2O nh vy theo phng php s m ta c th b ty (4 3) = 1 cht vi iu kin khng lm thay i bn
cht ca bi ton. th nghim 2, hn hp X phn ng vi AgNO3/NH3 nn khng c b cc anehit b
ty metyl axetat (CH3COOCH3) hoc etylen glicol (C2H6O2). y, mnh chn b etylen glicol (C2H6O2).
CH 2 CH CHO : a mol
O2 , t o CO2 :1,15 mol
29,2 gam X CH 3 COOCH 3 : b mol
Khi : CH CHO : c mol H 2 O :1,3 mol
3

36,5 gam X AgNO3 /NH3
Ag :
36,5
(2a 2c) mol
29,2
Theo gi thuyt, bo ton nguyn t C v H, ta c:
56a 74b 44c 29,2 gam a 0,15 mol


3a 3b 3c n CO2 1,15 mol b 0,3 mol

4a 6b 4c 2n H2O 2,6 mol c 0,35 mol

36,5
Theo , th nghim 2 ta c: m Ag .108.(2. 0,15 2.0,35) 54 gam gn nht
53,9 gam
29,2
Lu : Bn cht ca phng php s m l dng c bit ca quy i nn vn chp nhn cc s m trong cc
s liu tnh ton ra m khng lm thay i kt qu sau cng ca bi ton !

Cu 8: t chy hon ton 22,9 gam hn hp X gm hai este n chc, mch h to bi cng mt ancol vi
hai axit cacboxylic k tip nhau trong dy ng ng, thu c 1,1 mol CO2 v 15,3 gam H2O. Mt khc, ton
b lng X trn phn ng ht vi 300 ml dung dch NaOH 1M thu c dung dch Y. C cn dung dch Y thu
c m gam cht rn khan. Gi tr ca m c th l
A. 20,4 B. 23,9 C. 18,4 D. 19,0
( thi th THPT Quc Gia ln 2 THPT Chuyn Vinh Ngh An, nm 2015)
Hng dn gii
O2 , t
o
CO2 H 2O
Ta c : 22,9 gam RCOOR ' 1,1 mol 0,85 mol
0,3 mol NaOH
m gam Y R 'OH

Ngi thy trung bnh ch bit ni. Ngi thy gii bit gii thch,
Ngi thy xut chng bit minh ha. Ngi thy v i bit cch truyn cm hng
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22,9 1,1.12 0,85.2


p dng bo ton khi lng, ta c: n O trong X 0,5 mol n X 0, 25 mol
16
+ Theo gi thuyt X l hn hp este n chc ng ng k tip.
O2 , t o n CO2 n H2O

+ Mt khc X k X 2 X l hn hp este n, khng no c 1C C
n
2 CO n H 2 O n X

1,1 C4 H6O2 : x mol


Kt hp CX 4, 4
kt

0, 25 C5 H8O2 : y mol
4x 5y n CO2 1,1 mol
x 0,15 mol
p dng bo ton nguyn t C v H, ta c:
6x + 8y = 2n H2O 1,7 mol y 0,1 mol

CH 2 CH COO CH3 : 0,15 mol
Trng hp 1: X
CH 2 CH CH 2 COO CH3 : 0,1 mol
BTKL
22,9 0,3.40 m 0, 25.32 m 26,9 gam (khng c p n loi)
CH3OH

HCOO CH 2 CH CH 2 : 0,15 mol


Trng hp 2: X
CH3COO CH 2 CH CH 2 : 0,1 mol
BTKL
22,9 0,3.40 m 0, 25.58 m 20, 4 gam
CH2 CH CH2 OH

Cu 9: Cho 11 gam hn hp X gm hai este n chc, mch h A v B tc dng ht vi 200 gam dung dch
KOH 5,6% un nng, thot ra hn hp ancol Y ng ng kt tip, c cn dung dch th thu c m gam cht
rn khan. Cho Y i qua bnh Na d th khi lng bnh tng 5,35 gam v c 1,68 lt kh thot ra ktc. Mt
khc, 16,5 gam X lm mt mu ti a a gam brom. Gi tr (m + a) l
A. 40,7. B. 52,7. C. 32,7. D. 28,7.
( thi th THPT Quc Gia ln 2 THPT Tnh Gia 2 Thanh Ha, nm 2015)
Hng dn gii
n ROH 2 n H2 0,15 mol
m ROH 5,5 gam
0,075 CH3OH
5,5 ROH gm
m bnh Na tng m ROH m H2 M ROH 0,15 36,67 C 2 H 5OH
5,35 gam ? 0,075.2

n CH OH n C 2 H5OH 0,15 mol n CH OH 0,1 mol


3 3
32n CH3OH 46n C 2 H5OH 5,5 gam n C 2 H5OH 0,05 mol

RCOOCH3
0,1 mol
R 14 Loi
n RCOOR '(X) n ROH 0,15 mol HCOOC 2 H 5
0,05 mol
11 RCOOR' gm
M R 0,15 44 19,6 HCOOCH3
0,1 mol
R 27 CH 2 CH
R'

RCOOC 2 H 5

0,05 mol

Ngi thy trung bnh ch bit ni. Ngi thy gii bit gii thch,
Ngi thy xut chng bit minh ha. Ngi thy v i bit cch truyn cm hng
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p dng bo ton khi lng, ta c : mcht rn m este m KOH m ancol 16,7 gam
m 11 11,2 5,5

HCOOCH3 : 0,15 mol n Br phn ng 0,15 0,075 0,225 mol



+ 16,5 gam X c 2
CH 2 CH COOC 2 H 5 : 0,075 mol
a m Br2 phn ng 36 gam
Vy m a 16,7 36 52,7
Lu : HCOOCH3 c phn ng vi dung dch Br2 theo phn ng
HCOOR Br2 H2 O HO COOR 2HBr

Cu 10: Hn hp T gm X, Y, Z (58 < MX < MY < MZ < 78, l hp cht hu c tp phc, phn t ch cha C,
H v O c cc tnh cht sau:
- X, Y, Z u tc dng c vi Na
- Y, Z tc dng c vi NaHCO3
- X, Y u c phn ng trng bc
Nu t chy ht 0,25 mol hn hp T th thu c m gam cht CO2, gi tr ca m gn nht vi
A. 44,4 B. 22,2 C. 11,1 D. 33,3
( thi th THPT Quc Gia ln 2 THPT Chuyn Vinh Ngh An, nm 2015)
Hng dn gii
Nhn xt: do X, Y, Z u l tp chc v u c M > 58 nn hn hp X, Y, Z khng cha HCOOH v ch cha
ti a 1 nhm CHO v 1 nhm COOH.
+ X, Y, Z u tc dng vi Na X, Y, Z u cha nhm chc OH hoc COOH.
+ Y, Z u tc dng vi NaHCO3 Y, Z u cha nhm chc COOH.
+ X, Y u c phn ng trng bc X, Y c cha nhm chc CHO.
Theo :
+ X, Y u c cha 1 nhm CHO. Mt khc, X c phn ng vi Na, khng tc dng vi NaHCO3; cn Y phn
X mang nhm OH v CHO 58MX MY MZ 78 X : HO CH2 CHO
ng vi c 2
Y mang nhm COOH v CHO Y : HOC COOH
M 74 M 78
+ Z khng trng bc Y mang nhm COOH
Y Z Y : HO CH2 COOH
X : HO CH 2 CHO
O2 , t o
Suy ra T l : Y : HOC COOH CO 2
Z : HO CH COOH

? gam
2

p dng bo ton nguyn t C, ta c:


n C trong T 2n T 0,25.2 0,5 mol m 0,5.44 22 gam
gn nht
22,2 gam
Cu 11: Cho hn hp X gm 1 este no, n chc Y v 1 ancol n chc Z tc dng va vi 200 ml dung
dch NaOH 1M, thu c 0,35 mol ancol Z. Cho Z tch nc iu kin thch hp thu c cht hu c T c t
khi hi so vi Z l 1,7. Mt khc, t chy hon ton X cn dng 44,24 lt O2 (ktc). Cng thc phn t ca
axit to Y l
A. C5H10O2. B. C4H8O2. C. C3H6O2. D. C2H4O2.
( thi th i hc ln 1 THPT Chuyn Thi Bnh Thi Bnh, nm 2014)
Hng dn gii
Z (ROH)
H2 SO4 c, t o
T

Z mi to thnh
n n este Y n NaOH 0,2 mol
; MT
n Z c sn trong X 0,35 0,2 0,15 mol
M 1,7
Z
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Ngi thy xut chng bit minh ha. Ngi thy v i bit cch truyn cm hng
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T phi l ete ROR R 43 C H


3 7 Y l C n H 2n 1COOC 3 H 7 : 0,2 mol
2R 16 X:
R 17 1,7 ROH l C 3 H 7 OH Z l C 3 H 7 OH : 0,15 mol

C n H 2n 1COOC 3 H 7 k 1
X O2 to
CO2 H 2 O
C 3 H 7 OH k 0 1,795 mol

p dng bo ton mol nguyn t O v khai thc bt bo ha k, ta c :


2n CO2 n H2 O 0,2.2 0,15 2 n O2
n H2 O 1,6 mol
1,975
n H O n CO 0,15 mol n CO2 1, 45 mol
2 2

p dng bo ton khi lng, ta c : mX 12.1, 45 2.1,6 16. 0,2.2 0,15 29, 4 gam

n 1

0,15.60 0,2. 14n 88 29, 4 gam
mC3H7OH mC nH2 n1COOC3H7 axit to Y l CH3COOH hay C 2 H 4 O2

Cu 12: Hn hp E cha peptit X mch h (to bi glyxin v alanin) v este Y mch h (c to bi etylen
glicol v mt axit n, khng no cha mt lin kt C=C). un nng hn hp E vi dung dch NaOH va thu
c 23,08 gam hn hp F c cha a gam mui ca glyxin v b gam mui ca alanin . Ly ton b F t chy
thu c Na2CO3, N2, 23,76 gam CO2 v 7,56 gam H2O. Mt khc cng em t cng lng E trn cn dng
19,936 lt kh O2 (ktc). Gi tr ca a : b gn nht vi gi tr no sau y?
A. 2,45. B. 2,60. C. 2,70. D. 2,55.
Hng dn gii
Amino axit to X: C n H 2n 1O2 N (n 2) Mui ca amino axit A : C n H 2n O2 NNa : x mol

Axit to este Y: C m H 2m 2 O2 Mui ca axit B : C m H 2m 3O2 Na : y mol
A: C n H 2n O2 NNa : x mol O2 , t o
23,08 gam F Na 2 CO3 CO2 H 2 O N 2
B: C m H 2m 3O2 Na : y mol 0,54 mol 0,42 mol

(x y)
p dng bo ton nguyn t Na, ta c : n Na2CO3 mol
2
k 1; c 1 nit
A (k A 1 0,5.S N) n A (k B 1) n B n CO2 n H2O
k B 2 1 1 x 2 y 0,54 mol 0,42 mol

0,5x y 0,12 mol (1)


p dng bo ton khi lng cho hn hp F, ta c :
m A v B 12(n Na2 CO3 n CO2 ) 2 n H2O 16 n O 23 n Na 14 n N 23,08 gam
0,5x 0,5y 0,54 0,42 2(x y) (x y) x

75x 61y 15,76 gam (2)


0,5x y 0,12 mol x 0,08 mol
T (1) v (2)
75x 61y 15,76 gam y 0,16 mol
0,08 0,16
p dng bo ton nguyn t C, ta c : n C trong mui n CO2 n Na2 CO3 0,54 0,66 mol
2
Do n 2 n C trong A 2.0,08 0,16 mol n C trong B 0,66 0,16 mol
0,66 0,16 axit khng no nn C 3
S C trong B 3,125 B l CH 2 CH COONa
0,16

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n C trong A 0,66 0,16.3 0,18 mol


0,18
S C trong A 2,25

A
n 0,08 mol 0,08
p dng s ng cho, ta c :
C 2 H 4 O2 NNa (2C) 0,75 ng vi
0,06 mol

0,08 mol C 2,25
C H O NNa (3C) 0,25 ng vi
0,02 mol
3 6 2
a m C 2 H4 O2 NNa 0,06.(74 23)
2,62
gn nht
2,60
b m C3H6 O2 NNa 0,02.(88 23)
Comment: Vi cch gii trn th d kin s mol O2 t chy hn hp E l khng dng ti. Tuy nhin d
kin l khng hon ton tha nn ta nh gi bi ton theo hng nhn s mol O2 chnh lch t chy E
v hn hp mui F chnh l s mol O2 cn t chy hon ton etilen glicol s mol este Y.

Cu 13: Hn hp X gm 0,2 mol axetilen, 0,1 mol but1in, 0,15 mol etilen, 0,1 mol etan v 0,85 mol H2.
Nung nng hn hp X (xc tc bt Ni) sau mt thi gian, thu c hn hp Y c t khi so vi H2 bng x. Cho
Y tc dng vi AgNO3 d trong NH3 thu c kt ta v 19,04 lt hn hp kh Z (ktc). Sc kh Z qua dung
dch brom d thy c 8,0 gam brom phn ng. Gi tr ca x gn nht vi gi tr no sau y?
A. 9,0. B. 10,0. C. 10,5. D. 11,0.
( thi th THPT Quc Gia ln 2 THPT Chuyn Bn Tre Bn Tre, nm 2015)
Hng dn gii
CH CH : 0,2 mol
Ankin d
AgNO3 /NH3
thu c
CH C CH 2 CH 3 : 0,1 mol
Anken

X CH 2 CH 2 : 0,15 mol
Ni, t o
Y 0,05 mol Br2
C H : 0,1 mol 0,85 mol Z Ankan
2 6
H 2 : 0,85 mol H 2 d

n 0,2.2 0,1.2 0,15 0,75 mol



Ta c
n Br2 phn ng nanken trong Z 0,05 mol

n X 0,2 0,1 0,15 0,1 0,85 1,4 mol

n X n Y n H2 phn ng 1,4 (n ankin d 0,85) n H2 phn ng (*)

n Y n ankin d 0,85
p dng bo ton mol lin kt v gim s mol kh (*), ta c :
n ban u 2n ankin d n H2 phn ng 0,05 0,75 mol nankin d 0,15 mol

ankin d
n n H2 phn ng (1,4 0,85) mol n H2 phn ng 0,4 mol
n Y 1,4 0,4 1 mol
p dng bo ton khi lng, ta c :
m 0, 2.26 0,1.54 0,15.28 0,1.30 0,85.2
mX mY MY X 19, 5
nY 1
19, 5
Vy x = d Y/H2 9, 75
gn nht
10,0
2

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Ngi thy xut chng bit minh ha. Ngi thy v i bit cch truyn cm hng
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Cu 14: Hn hp X gm peptit A mch h c cng thc CxHyN5O6 v hp cht B c cng thc phn t l
C4H9NO2. Ly 0,09 mol X tc dng va vi 0,21 mol NaOH ch thu c sn phm l dung dch gm ancol
etylic v a mol mui ca glyxin, b mol mui ca alanin. Mt khc, nu t chy hon ton 41,325 gam hn hp
X bng oxi va th thu c N2 v 96,975 gam hn hp CO2 v H2O. Gi tr ca a : b gn nht vi gi tr
no sau y ?
A. 0,50. B. 0,76. C. 1,30. D. 2,60.
( thi th THPT Quc Gia ln 3 THPT Chuyn i hc Vinh Ngh An, nm 2015)
Hng dn gii
C 2 H 5OH
C x H y N 5O6 0,21 mol NaOH A l pentapeptit to bi Gly v Ala
0,09 mol X C 2 H 4 O2 NNa
C 4 H 9 NO2 C H O NNa B l H 2 N CH 2 COOC 2 H 5
3 6 2

n pentapeptit n H2 N CH2COOC 2H5 0,09 mol n pentapeptit 0,03 mol


Ta c nA : nB 1 : 2
5n pentapeptit n H2 N CH2COOC 2H5 0, 21 mol n H2 N CH2COOC 2H5 0,06 mol
C x H y N 5O6 : x mol O2 , t o
41,325 gam X N 2 CO2 H 2 O
C 4 H 9 NO2 : 2x mol 96,975 gam

p dng bo ton khi lng, gi thuyt v bt bo ha k, ta c:


m X 12n CO 2n H O 16.(6x 4x) 14.(5x 2x) 41,325 gam 12n CO 2n H O 258x 41,325 gam


2 2


2 2

44n CO2 18n H2O 96,975 gam 44n CO2 18n H2O 96,975 gam

n CO2 n H2O (5 1 0,5.5)x (1 1 0,5.1)2x
n CO2 n H2O 0,5x 0

n CO2 1,575 mol

n H2O 1,5375 mol

x 0,075 mol
1,575 4.2.0,075
p dng bo ton nguyn t C, ta c: S C trong A = 13 (Gly Gly Ala Ala Ala)
0,075
C 2 H 4 O2 NNa : 2.0,03 0,06 mol
Gly Gly Ala Ala Ala : 0,03 mol mui ca Gly
0,09 mol
BT mt xch Gly

H 2 N CH 2 COOC 2 H 5 : 0,06 mol
BT mt xch Ala
C 3 H6 O2 NNa : 3.0,03 mol
muoiscaAla
a 0,12 4 gn nht
Vy 1,30
b 0,09 3

Cu 15: Hn hp X gm hai cht hu c no , mch h (u cha C, H, O), trong phn t mi cht c hai nhm
chc trong s cc nhm OH, CHO, COOH. Cho m gam X phn ng hon ton vi lng d dung dch
AgNO3 trong NH3, thu c 4,05 gam Ag v 1,86 gam mt mui amoni hu c. Cho ton b lng mui amoni
hu c ny vo dung dch NaOH (d, un nng), thu c 0,02 mol NH3. Gi tr ca m l
A. 1,50. B. 1,24. C. 2,98. D. 1,22.
( thi Trung hc ph thng Quc Gia nm 2015 B Gio dc v o to)
Hng dn gii
n Ag 0,0375 mol
n CHO 0,01875 mol 1,86
+ M RCOONH4 93 R = 31 (OH CH2 )
NH3
n =0,02 mol
n R COONH 4
0,02 mol 0,02
Gii thch do trong X mi cht u cha hai trong 3 nhm chc OH, CHO, COOH.
Ngi thy trung bnh ch bit ni. Ngi thy gii bit gii thch,
Ngi thy xut chng bit minh ha. Ngi thy v i bit cch truyn cm hng
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OH CH2 CHO : 0,01875 mol



+ Vy trong X c cha cc cht l 3
m 1,22 gam

OH CH 2 COOH:1,25.10 mol

OH CH CHO AgNO 3 /NH3 OH CH COONH 2Ag
2 2 4
Comment:
NH3
OH CH2 COOH OH CH 2 COONH 4
C nhn mnh thy Y l cu hay nht , khng nng v hnh thc ton hc, n gin nhng mang hm lng
cht HA HC cao! Hi hc ph thng mnh khng gii v ton thnh th nng v tnh ton qu mnh khng c
thin cm, thch my bi mang cht Ha th ny hn.

Cu 16: Hn hp X gm 3 este n chc, to thnh t cng mt ancol Y v 3 axit cacboxylic (phn t ch c


nhm COOH); trong , c hai axit no l ng ng k tip nhau v mt axit khng no (c ng phn hnh
hc, cha mt lin kt i C=C trong phn t). Thy phn hon ton 5,88 gam X bng dung dch NaOH, thu
c hn hp mui v m gam ancol Y. Cho m gam Y vo bnh ng Na d, sau phn ng thu c 896 ml kh
(ktc) v khi lng bnh tng 2,48 gam. Mt khc, nu i chy hon ton 5,88 gam X th thu c CO2 v
3,96 gam H2O. Phn trm khi lng ca este khng no trong X l
A. 34,01%. B. 38,76%. C. 40,82%. D. 29,25%.
( thi Trung hc ph thng Quc Gia nm 2015 B Gio dc v o to)
Hng dn gii
NaOH Hn hp mui
Na
RCOOR' R'OH H 2 : 0,04 mol
5,88 gam
R1CH CHCOOR' O2 CO2
t o
H 2 O : 0,22 mol
m R'OH 2, 48 0,04.2 2, 56 gam 2,56
Gi thuyt, m bnh Na tng ta c: M R'OH 32 Y : CH3OH
n R'OH 0,04.2 0,08 0,08
RCOOCH3 : a mol (k = 1) C Este no 2

Vy Y l ancol no, kt hp vi cc gi thuyt 5,88 gam
R1CH CHCOOCH3 : b mol (k = 2) C n

Khi , p dng bo ton s nhm gc CH3, mi lin h ca bt bo ha k v bo ton khi lng, ta c:
a b n CH OH 0,08 mol a 0,06 mol

3

b = n CO2 n H2O n CO2 0,22 b 0,02 mol

12n CO2 2.0,22 16.2(a b) 5,88 gam n CO2 0,24 mol

p dng bo ton nguyn t C, ta c: 0,06.2 0,02n n CO2 0,24 mol n < 6.


Mt khc, do axit khng no, c ng phn hnh hc Este khng no cng c ng phn hnh S C 4
0,02.100
Vy Este khng no l CH3CH=CHCOOCH3 (0,02 mol) %m .100 34,01%
5,88

Cu 17: Hn hp T gm hai ancol n chc l X v Y (MX < MY), ng ng k tip ca nhau. un nng 27,2
gam T vi H2SO4 c, thu c hn hp cc cht hu c Z gm: 0,08 mol ba ete (c khi lng 6,76 gam) v
mt lng ancol d. t chy hon ton Z cn va 43,68 lt O2 (ktc). Hiu sut phn ng to ete ca X v
Y ln lt l
A. 20% v 40%. B. 40% v 30%. C. 30% v 30%. D. 50% v 20%.
( thi Trung hc ph thng Quc Gia nm 2015 B Gio dc v o to)
Hng dn gii

Ngi thy trung bnh ch bit ni. Ngi thy gii bit gii thch,
Ngi thy xut chng bit minh ha. Ngi thy v i bit cch truyn cm hng
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2R OH
H2SO4
R O R H2 O 6,76
Ta c:
gi thuyt
M R O R 84,5 R 34,25

mol : 0,16 0,08 0,08
X : C 2 H 5 (29) 8,75
ng vi
0,1 mol
M X M Y


+ Do X, Y ng ng k tip 0,16 mol R 34,25
Y : C H (43) 5,25
ng vi
0,06 mol

3 7

+ Do lng C trong T v Z l khng i nn t chy hn hp ancol hay t Z (H2O chy khng cn oxi) u
cn cng mt lng O2 nh nhau (1,95 mol).

C 2 H6 O 3O2
to
2CO2 3H 2 O
+ Do lng ancol ban u
C 3 H8 O 4, 5O2 3CO2 4H 2 O
to

46x 60y 27,2 gam x 0,2 mol
Gi s mol C2H5OH v C3H7OH ban u ln lt l x, y mol
3x 4,5y 1,95 mol y 0,3 mol
0,1 0,06
H%X .100 50% v H%Y .100 20%
0,2 0,3

Cu 18: Hn hp X gm 2 cht c cng thc phn t l C3H12N2O3 v C2H8N2O3. Cho 3,40 gam X phn ng
va vi dung dch NaOH (un nng), thu c dung dch Y ch gm cc cht v c v 0,04 mol hn hp 2
cht hu c n chc (u lm xanh qu tm m). C cn Y, thu c m gam mui khan. Gi tr ca m l
A. 3,36. B. 2,97. C. 2,76. D. 3,12.
( thi Trung hc ph thng Quc Gia nm 2015 B Gio dc v o to)
Hng dn gii
+ Gi 2 cht trong X l A v B.
2.3 2 12 2
k A tnh theo CTPT 1
Bin lun cu to ca A 2 A l hp cht c cha lin kt ion

A phn ng c vi NaOH k A thc t 1
S lin kt ion = k A thc t k A tnh theo CTPT

Mt khc, ta c 3 A l hp cht c cha 2 nhm mui amoni
X c 3 Oxi k A thc t 2 1

k B tnh theo CTPT 0

"Tng Vn T" B 3 B l hp cht cha 1 nhm mui amoni
c 3 oxi k 2 1

thc t

Do A v B sinh hn hp gm 2 kh lm xanh qu m (l cc amin) nn CTCT ng ca A v B ln lt l

x mol y mol
CH NH 2 : 2x mol 2x y 0,04 mol x 0,01 mol
Khi : Hn hp kh 3
C 2 H 5 NH2 : y mol 124x 108y 3,4 gam y 0,02 mol
Na CO BT gc CO32 v NO3
Vy Y gm 2 3 m 0,01.106 0,02.85 2,76 gam
NaNO3

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Ngi thy xut chng bit minh ha. Ngi thy v i bit cch truyn cm hng
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Cu 19: un hn hp etylen glicol v axit cacboxylic X (phn t ch c nhm -COOH) vi xc tc H2SO4 c,


thu c hn hp sn phm hu c, trong c cht hu c Y mch h. t chy hon ton 3,95 gam Y cn
4,00 gam O2, thu c CO2 v H2O theo t l mol tng ng 2 : 1. Bit Y c cng thc phn t trng vi cng
thc n gin nht, Y phn ng c vi NaOH theo t l mol tng ng 1: 2. Pht biu no sau y sai?
A. X c ng phn hnh hc.
B. Tng s nguyn t hiro trong hai phn t X, Y bng 8.
C. Y tham gia c phn ng cng vi Br2 theo t l mol tng ng 1 : 2.
D. Y khng c phn ng trng bc.
( thi Trung hc ph thng Quc Gia nm 2015 B Gio dc v o to)
Hng dn gii
p dng bo ton khi lng v t l s mol CO2, H2O, ta c: 3,95 4 44.2n H2O 18n H2O n H2O 0,075 mol

n C n CO2 2.0,075 0,15 mol


3,95 12.0,15 0,15
BTKL
n O trong Y 0,125 mol

n H 2n H 2 O 2.0,075 0,15 mol 16
Vy nC : n H : nO 0,15: 0,15: 0,125 6 : 6 : 5 cng thc n gin nht ca Y l C6H6O5.
Do Y c cng thc n gin trng vi CTPT nn Y l C6H6O5. Mt khc Y tc dng vi NaOH theo t l 1 : 2
nn Y l HOOC C C COOCH2 CH2 OH .
Do X l HOOC C C COOH khng c ng phn hnh hc A. Sai.

Cu 20: Cho 0,7 mol hn hp T gm hai peptit mch h l X (x mol) v Y (y mol), u to bi glyxin v
alanin. un nng 0,7 mol T trong lng d dung dch NaOH th c 3,8 mol NaOH phn ng v thu c dung
dch cha m gam mui. Mt khc, nu t chy hon ton x mol X hoc y mol Y th u thu c cng s mol
CO2. Bit tng s nguyn t oxi trong hai phn t X v Y l 13, trong X v Y u c s lin kt peptit khng
nh hn 4. Gi tr ca m l
A. 340,8. B. 409,2. C. 396,6. D. 399,4.
( thi Trung hc ph thng Quc Gia nm 2015 B Gio dc v o to)
Hng dn gii
+ Do s lin kt peptit trong X hoc Y khng nh hn 4 ngha l s amino axit to X hoc Y khng nh hn 5.
+ Gi n l s mt xch amino axit trung bnh ca X v Y. Theo quy lut phn ng thy phn peptit, ta c:
n peptit (X,Y) + nNaOH Mui + H2 O 3,8
n 5, 43 .
mol : 0,7 0,7n 3,8 0, 7
Phi c 1 peptit cha 5 mt xch amino axit (pentapeptit): C H O N S O = 13 peptit cn li: C H O N
x y 6 5 n m 7 6

X l Pentapeptit : C x H y O6 N 5 (x mol) x y 0, 7 mol
+ Khng mt tnh tng qut gi s
gi thuyt


Y l Hexapeptit : C n H m O7 N 6 (y mol) 5x 6y 3,8 mol
x 0,4 mol
. Mt khc, do t 0,4 mol X hay 0,3 mol Y u thu c cng mt lng CO2.
y 0,3 mol
X : (Gly)a (Ala)5a nCO (X) nCO (Y)
Khi : 2 2

0,4.[2a + 3(5 a)] = 0,3.[2b + 3(6 b)]
Y : (Gly) b (Ala)6b

a 3 X : Gly3 Ala 2 (0,4 mol)


4a 3b = 6
Nghim nguyn tha mn

b 2 Y : Gly2 Ala 4 (0,3 mol)
X : Gly3Ala 2 (0,4 mol) 3,8 mol NaOH C 2 H 4 O2 NNa 0,4.3 0,3.2 1,8 mol
BT nhm Gly

Vy
Y : Gly2 Ala 4 (0,3 mol) C 3 H6 O2 NNa
0,4.2 0,3.4 2 mol
BT nhm Ala

mmui 1,8.97 2.111 396,6 gam

Ngi thy trung bnh ch bit ni. Ngi thy gii bit gii thch,
Ngi thy xut chng bit minh ha. Ngi thy v i bit cch truyn cm hng
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Cu 21: Thy phn hon ton cht bo X trong mi trng axit, thu c glixerol v hn hp hai axit bo gm
axit oleic v axit linoleic. t chy m gam X cn va 76,32 gam O2, thu c 75,24 gam CO2. Mt khc, m
gam X tc dng ti a vi V ml dung dch Br2 1M. Gi tr ca V l
A. 120. B. 150. C. 180. D. 200.
( thi th THPT Quc Gia ln 1 THPT chuyn L Qu n, Qung Tr, nm 2015)
Hng dn gii
axit oleic : C17 H33COOH (1 C C )
Ta c: X l vi a + b = 3.
axit linoleic : C H
17 31COOH (2 C C )

y to y
+ Vy cht bo X khi c dng : C18.3+ 3HyO6 C 57 H y O6 57 3 O2 57CO2 H2 O
4 2
y
n O2 57 3
2,385
+ Gi thuyt, ta c: 4 y = 102.
n CO2 57 1,71
ab3 a 2
p dng bo ton nguyn t H, ta c: 33a + 31b +5 = y = 102
b 1
CC 2.1 2 4 .
n CO2 1,71
p dng bo ton nguyn t C, ta c: n X 0,03 mol
S C X 57
BT mol C C
nBr2 phn ng 0,03.4 0,12 mol V 120 ml
Cu 22: Thy phn hon ton 0,1 mol este X cn 200 ml dung dch NaOH 1,5M. C cn dung dch sau phn
ng thu c glixerol v 24,6 gam mui khan ca axit hu c mch thng. S cng thc cu to ca X l
A. 1 B. 4 C. 7 D. 6
( thi th THPT Quc Gia THPT chuyn Vnh Phc, Vnh Phc, nm 2015)
Hng dn gii
+ 0,1 mol X + 0,3 mol NaOH Glixerol + mui ca cc axit hu c.

X l (RCOO)3C 3H 5 : 0,1 mol 24,6
R 67 15 (CH3 )

Mui l RCOONa : 0,3 mol 0,3
R1 : H (a) R1 : CH3 (b) R1 : H (a)

R2 : CH3 (b) hoc R2 : CH 3 (b) hoc R2 : H (a)
R : C H (c) R : CH (b) R : CH CH CH (b)
3 2 5 3 3 3 3 2 2

+ S ng phn ca X l 6 gm :
(b) (a) (b) (c) (a) (a)

(b) (b) (c) (a) (a) (d)

(b) (c) (a) (b) (d) (a)

Cu 23: Cho hn hp X gm mt este n chc v mt ancol (bn), c hai u mch h v c cng s nguyn
t cacbon. t chy hon ton m gam X, thu c 10,08 lt kh CO2 (ktc) v 7,2 gam H2O. Mt khc, cho m
gam X tc dng vi NaOH d thu c 0,1 mol ancol. Gi tr ca m l
A. 9,4. B. 10,1. C. 9,5. D. 8,5.

Ngi thy trung bnh ch bit ni. Ngi thy gii bit gii thch,
Ngi thy xut chng bit minh ha. Ngi thy v i bit cch truyn cm hng
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Hng dn gii
nCO2 0,45 mol ; nH2O 0,4 mol . Gi cng thc este l CnHyO2; ancol l CnHtO. (do este v ancol c cng C)
n CO2 0,45
Trng hp 1: thy phn este to ra ancol n X nancol 0,1 mol S C = 4,5 (L Loi) .
nX 0,1
Trng hp 2: thy phn este khng to ra ancol este khng no n 3.
0,45 n 3
Ta c khi 0,1 mol chnh l s mol ancol ban u n X 0,1 mol n n 3
4,5 n 4
0,1
0,45 y
+ Nu n = 4 n X 0,1125 mol n este 0,0125 mol
BTNT H
0,0125y 0,1t 0,4.2 t 8
4 8
D thy khng c nghim y nguyn no tha mn v C4HyO2 khng no th y 6.
0,45
+ Nu n = 3 n X 0,15 mol n este 0,05 mol
BTNT H
0,05y 0,1t 0,4.2 y 2t 16
3
y 2 t 7 L Loi Este : HCOOCH CH2
C3HyO2 khng no th y 4
y 4 t 6 (Tha mn) Ancol : CH 2 CH CH 2 OH
m 0,05.72 0,1.58 9,4 gam
Cu 24: Hn hp X gm metan, etilen, propin, vinylaxetilen v hiro. Dn X qua Ni nung nng, sau phn
ng hon ton thu c hn hp Y c t khi so vi kh nit ioxit l 1. Bit 5,6 lt hn hp Y (ktc) lm
mt mu va 72 gam brom trong dung dch. Nu ly 5,6 lt hn hp X (ktc) lm mt mu va bao
nhiu gam brom trong dung dch?
A. 56 gam. B. 60 gam. C. 48 gam. D. 96 gam
Hng dn gii
Quy i hn hp Y thnh C n H2n 22k
0,45
Khi : 0,25 mol Y + 0,45 mol Br2 va k 1,8 Y l C n H 2n 1,6
0,2

C 3,4 H4
+ M Y 14n 1,6 46 n 3,4. Vy Y l C 3,4 H5,2 X

H 2

C 3,4 H 4 :1 mol
C 3,4 H4 0,6H2
Ni,t o
C 3,4 H5,2 Nu ly 1,6 mol X gm

H 2 : 0,6 mol

C 3,4 H 4 :1,5625 mol
Ly 0,25 mol X gm

H2 : 0,09375 mol
C 3,4 H4 2, 4Br2 C 3,4 H 4 Br4,8
o
Ni,t
mBr2 0,375.160 60 gam
mol : 0,15625 0,375

Cu 25: Bit X l axit cacboxylic n chc, Y l ancol no, c hai cht u mch h, c cng s nguyn t
cacbon. t chy hon ton 0,4 mol hn hp gm X v Y (trong s mol ca X ln hn s mol ca Y) cn
va 30,24 lt kh O2, thu c 26,88 lt kh CO2 v 19,8 gam H2O. Bit th tch cc kh iu kin tiu
chun. Khi lng ca Y trong 0,4 mol hn hp trn l
A. 9,0 gam. B. 11,4 gam. C. 19,0 gam. D. 17,7 gam.
Hng dn gii

Ngi thy trung bnh ch bit ni. Ngi thy gii bit gii thch,
Ngi thy xut chng bit minh ha. Ngi thy v i bit cch truyn cm hng
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n CO 1, 2(mol)
BTNT O XY
2 n Trong 1, 2.2 1,1 1,35.2 0,8
O
Ta c : n H2O 1,1(mol) 1, 2
Phn ng S C trong X hoc Y= 3
O2
n 1,35(mol) 0, 4

2, 2
V H 5,5 c hai trng hp xy ra .
0, 4

C3 H 2 O2 : a mol BTNT H a b 0, 4 a 0,167


Trng hp 1: 0, 4 mol (Loi)
3 8 n
C H O : b mol 2a 8b 1,1.2 b 0, 233

C3 H 4 O2 : a mol BTNT H a b 0, 4 a 0, 25
Trng hp 2: 0, 4 mol tha mn.
C3 H8 On : b mol 4a 8b 1,1.2 b 0,15

D thy n 2 m Y 0,15.76 11,4 gam


Cu 26: Hn hp X cha 0,08 mol axetylen; 0,06 mol axetandehit; 0,09 mol vinylaxetylen v 0,16 mol
hidro. Nung X vi xc tc Ni sau mt thi gian th thu c hn hp Y c t khi hi so vi H2 l 21,13.
Dn Y i qua dung dch AgNO3/NH3 d phn ng xy ra hon ton th thu c m gam Z gm 4 kt ta c
s mol bng nhau, hn hp kh T thot ra sau phn ng lm mt mu va ht 30ml dung dch brom 0,1M. Gi
tr ca m gn gi tr no nht sau y?
A. 27. B. 29. C. 26. D. 25.
Hng dn gii
CH CH : 0, 08 mol
CH CHO : 0, 06 mol
3
Ta c : X
BTKL
mX 9,72 n Y 0, 23 n Hphn ng
0,16 mol
CH C CH CH 2 : 0, 09 mol
2

H 2 : 0,16 mol
Trong Y ta tng tng l chia thnh hai phn:
CH CH : a mol CAg CAg : a mol
CH CHO : 0,5a mol Ag : a mol
3
Phn 1: m gam
AgNO3

CH C CH CH 2 : a mol CAg C CH CH 2 : a mol


CH C CH 2 CH 3 : a mol CAg C CH 2 CH 3 : a mol
Phn 2: Gm anken, ankan, ancol, ankadien.
Ta i bo ton lin kt pi vi ch l lng n Hphn
2
ng
n Br
phn ng
2
0,16 0,003 0,163 mol s lm cho cc cht
CH CH : 0, 08 a

ny bin thnh no hon ton. Khi ta c: Phn cha phn ng vi H2 CH3 CHO : 0, 06 0,5a
CH C CH CH : 0, 09 2a
2

V mt cht c phn ng vi H2 l : CH C CH2 CH3 : a mol


p dng bo ton mol lin kt ta c:
2 (0,08 a) (0,06 0,5a) 3 (0,09 2a) a 0,163 a 0,0436 mol

gn nht
m 29,1248 29 gam

Ngi thy trung bnh ch bit ni. Ngi thy gii bit gii thch,
Ngi thy xut chng bit minh ha. Ngi thy v i bit cch truyn cm hng
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Cu 27: Hn hp X gm CnH2n-1CHO, CnH2n-2(CHO)2, CnH2n-2(COOH)2, CnH2n-3(CHO)(COOH)2. Cho m gam


hn hp X tc dng vi dung dch AgNO3/NH3 d thu c 56,16 gam Ag. Trung ho m gam hn hp X cn
30 gam dung dch hn hp NaOH 12% v KOH 5,6%. t m gam hn hp X cn (m + 7,92) gam O 2. Gi tr
ca m gn nht vi gi tr no sau y ?
A. 19,84 B. 20,16 C. 19,36 D. 20.24
Hng dn gii
C n H 2n 1CHO : x mol (k = 2) AgNO3 /NH3
Ag : 0,52 mol

C n H 2n 2 (CHO)2 : y mol (k = 3) 30.0,12 30.0,056
m gam X
30 gam NaOH 12%
v KOH 5,6%
n OH phn ng 0,12 mol
C n H 2n 2 (C OOH) 2 : z mol (k = 3) 40 56
C H (CHO)(COOH) : t mol (k = 4) (m 7,92) gam O2
CO2 H 2 O
n 2n 3 2

n Ag
n CHO x 2y t 0,26 mol (1)
Theo gi thuyt, ta c: 2
n COOH 2z 2t n 0,12 mol (2)
OH phn ng

nO trong E nO trong -CHO n O trong -COOH 0,26 2.0,12 0,5 mol


Theo mi lin h ca bt bo ha k vi s mol CO2 v H2O, ta c: x 2y 2z 3t n CO2 n H2O

Mt khc, t (1) v (2) x 2y t 2z 2t 0,26 0,12 x 2y 2z 3t 0,38 mol


(1)(2)

Vy nCO2 n H2O 0,38 mol (*)


p dng bo ton nguyn t O, bo ton khi lng v (*), ta c:
m 7,92
2n CO2 n H2O 0,5 2. 2n CO n H O 0,0625m 0,995
32 2 2

44n CO2 18n H2O m (m 7,92) 44n CO2 18n H2O 2m 7,92 gam

n CO2 n H2O 0,38 mol
m O2

n CO2 n H2O 0,38 mol
n 0,86 mol


CO2

n H2 O 0, 46 mol

m 19,28 gam 19,36 gam
gn nht

Cu 28: Hn hp M gm Lys-Gly-Ala, Lys-Ala-Lys-Lys-Gly, Ala-Gly trong nguyn t oxi chim


21,3018% khi lng. Cho 0,16 mol hn hp M tc dng vi dung dch HCl va thu c bao nhiu gam
mui?
A. 90,48 B. 83,28 C. 93,36 D. 86,16
Hng dn gii
Nhn xt: ta thy c 3 peptit u c im chung l chc 1 gc Ala-Gly.
gc Ala Gly (C 5 H10 O3 N 2 ) : 0,16 mol
Quy i M thnh
gc Lys (C 6 H12 ON 2 ) : x mol
3.0,16 x
Theo gi thuyt, ta c: %O .100% 21,3018% x 0,24 mol
146.0,16 128x

Ngi thy trung bnh ch bit ni. Ngi thy gii bit gii thch,
Ngi thy xut chng bit minh ha. Ngi thy v i bit cch truyn cm hng
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gc Ala Gly 2HCl H 2 O Mui
Theo quy lut phn ng, ta c:
gc Lys 2HCl H 2 O
Mui

BTKL
mmui 0,16.(146 36,5.2 18) 0,24.(128 36,5 18) 90,48 gam

Cu 29: Hn hp E gm cht X (CxHyO4N) v Y (CxHtO5N2); trong X khng cha chc este, Y l mui ca
amino axit no vi axit nitric. Cho m gam E tc dng va vi 100 ml NaOH 1,2M un nng nh thy thot
ra 0,672 lt (ktc) mt amin bc 3 th kh iu kin thng. Mt khc m gam E tc dng va vi a mol HCl
trong dung dch thu c hn hp sn phm trong c 2,7 gam mt axit cacboxylic. Gi tr m v a ln lt l
A. 9,87 v 0,03 B. 9,84 v 0,03 C. 9,87 v 0,06 D. 9,84 v 0,06
Hng dn gii
+ Amin bc 3 th kh iu kin thng ch c th l trimetyl amin (CH3)3N : 0,03 mol.
+ X (CxHyO4N) khng cha chc este, ch c 1 nguyn t N nn l mui amoni ca axit 2 chc.
+ Y l mui ca amino axit no vi axit nitric nn phn ng vi NaOH khng sinh kh.
TN1: HOOC R COOHN(CH 3 )3 2NaOH NaOOC R COONa + (CH 3 )3 N 2H 2 O

mol : 0,03 0,06 0,03
Vi X
TN 2 : HOOC R COOHN(CH 3 )3 HCl HOOC R COOH + (CH 3 )3 NHCl
mol : 0,03 0,03
0,03
2,7
Maxit cacboxylic 90 R 0 (HOOC COOH). Vy X l C 5H11O 4 N Y l C 5H t O5 N 2
0,03
Mt khc Y l mui ca amino axit no vi HNO3 amino axit c 2O 1N
amino axit l C5H11O2N.
Y l C 5 12 5 2 HOOC C 4 H8 NH3 NO3
H O N (
HOOC COOHN(CH 3 )3 2NaOH NaOOC COONa + (CH3 )3 N 2H 2 O

mol : 0,03 0,06
TN1
HOOC C 4 H8 COONH 3 NO3 2NaOH NaOOC C 4 H8 NH 2 + NaNO3 2H 2 O
mol : 0,03
0,03
m 0,03.149 0,03.180 9,87 gam
Vy

a n HCl 0,03 mol

Cu 30: t chy m gam hn hp X gm metanol, etanol, glixerol v sobitol cn va 5,712 lt kh O2


( ktc), sau phn ng thu c 5,04 gam H2O. Mt khc cho 0,2 mol hn hp X tc dng vi Na d th thu
c 4,76 lit H2 (ktc). Phn trm khi lng ca etanol c trong hn hp X l
A. 16,20%. B. 24,30%. C. 8,10%. D. 32,40%.
Hng dn gii
CH 3OH

m gam X C 2 H 5OH 0,255 mol O2 CO
2
C 3 H 5 (OH)3 H 2 O : 0,28 mol
sobitol : C H (OH)
6 8 6

0,2 mol X H 2 : 0,2125 mol


Na d

n OH 0, 425
+ Th nghim 2 n OH trong ancol 2n H2 0, 425 mol S O = 2,125
nX 0, 2
Ngi thy trung bnh ch bit ni. Ngi thy gii bit gii thch,
Ngi thy xut chng bit minh ha. Ngi thy v i bit cch truyn cm hng
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+ Th nghim 1: Do hn hp X gm cc ancol no.


p dng bo ton nguyn t O v bt bo ha k, ta c:
2,125n X 2.0,255 2n CO2 0,28
n X 0,08 mol

n OH trong ancol 0,08.2,125 0,17 mol
n X 0,28 n CO2
n CO2 0, 2 mol

m X 12n CO2 2n H2O 16n O 12.0,2 2.0,28 16.0,17 5,68 gam

BTKL

m X m CO2 m H2O m O2 0,2.44 5,04 0,255.32 5,68 gam
Nhn xt: 3 ancol metanol, glixerol v sobitol c s C = s nhm OH, ring etanol c s C > s nhm OH 1
n v.
0,03.46
Vy %m C2H5OH .100% 24,30%
5,68
Cu 31: X, Y (MX < MY) l hai axit k tip thuc cng dy ng ng axit fomic; Z l este hai chc to bi
X, Y v ancol T. t chy 12,52 gam hn hp E cha X, Y, Z, T (u mch h) cn dng 8,288 lt O 2 (ktc)
thu c 7,2 gam nc. Mt khc un nng 12,52 gam E cn dng 380 ml dung dch NaOH 0,5M. Bit rng
iu kin thng, ancol T khng tc dng c vi Cu(OH)2. Phn trm s mol ca X c trong hn hp E l
A. 60% B. 75% C. 50% D. 70%
Hng dn gii
+ Hai axit ng ng k tip thuc dy ng ng axit fomic X, Y no, n chc.
+ Z l este hai chc to bi hai axit v ancol ancol T l ancol hai chc.
17,16
p dng bo ton khi lng, ta c: mCO2 12,52 0,37.32 7,2 17,16 gam n CO2 0,39 mol
44
Ancol phi no (k = 0)
Nhn xt: n CO2 0,39 mol < n H2O 0,4 mol
T c dng C n H2n (OH)2
X, Y: RCOOH : a mol (k = 1) 0,37 mol O2 CO2 : 0,39 mol

Khi : 12,52 gam E T : C n H 2n (OH)2 : b mol (k = 0) H 2 O : 0,4 mol
Z : (RCOO) C H : c mol (k = 2) 0,19 mol NaOH
2 n 2n va
Theo gi thuyt, bo ton nguyn t O v mi lin h bt bo ha k, ta c:
a 2c n NaOH phn ng 0,19 mol a 0,15 mol

2a 2b 4b 2.0,39 0,4 2.0,37 0,44 mol b 0,03 mol
b c n n 0,01 mol
CO2 H2 O c 0,02 mol
n CO2 0,39 X : HCOOH : x mol
Mt khc, ta c: C E 1,95
nE 0,15 0,03 0,02 Y : CH3COOH : y mol
Hng 1:
Do ancol T hai chc khng tc dng vi Cu(OH)2 2 nhm OH khng k cn C T 3 .
+ Xt nu C T 4 C Z 7
BTNT C
x 2y 0,03.4 0,02.7 0,39 mol x + 2y 0,13 mol (V L)

x y a 0,15 mol x 0,12 mol


+ Vy C T 3 C Z 6 BTNT C

x 2y 0,03.3 0,02.6 0,39 mol y 0,03 mol
Hng 2:
0,39 (0,15 2.0,02) C 3 2 nhm -OH khng k cn
C ancol 4 ancol C ancol 3 (T l OH CH 2 CH2 CH2 OH)
0,03 0,02 C ancol 2
(Phn cn li tng t nh trn !)

Ngi thy trung bnh ch bit ni. Ngi thy gii bit gii thch,
Ngi thy xut chng bit minh ha. Ngi thy v i bit cch truyn cm hng
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Cu 32: Cho hn hp m gam X gm tyrosin (HOC6H4CH2CH(NH2)COOH) v alanin. Tin hnh hai th


nghim sau:
+ Th nghim 1: Cho m gam X tc dng va vi dung dch HCl thu c dung dch Y, c cn dung dch Y
th thu c (m + 9,855) gam mui khan
+ Th nghim 2: Cho m gam X tc dng vi 487,5 ml dung dch NaOH 1M th lng NaOH dng d 25% so
vi lng cn phn ng.
Gi tr ca m l
A. 44,45 B. 37,83 C. 35,99 D. 35,07
( thi th THPT Quc Gia ln 2 THPT Chuyn Bn Tre Bn Tre, nm 2015)
Hng dn gii
Gi s mol tyrosin (HOC6H4CH2CH(NH2)COOH): x mol v alanin (CH3CH(NH2)-COOH) : y mol.
9,855
+ Do c 2 cht u phn ng vi HCl theo t l 1 : 1 x y n HCl phn ng
BTKL
n HCl 0,27 mol (1).
36,5
+ Mt khc, HOC6H4CH2CH(NH2)COOH phn ng vi NaOH theo t l 1 : 2 do ta c :
0, 4875
2x y n NaOH phn ng 0,39 mol (2).
1,25
x 0,12 mol
T (1) v (2) mX 0,12.181 0,15.89 35,07 gam
y 0,15 mol

Cu 33: Hn hp X gm mt s amino axit (ch cha nhm chc COOH v NH2 trong phn t), trong t
l mO : mN = 16 : 7. tc dng va vi 10,36 gam hn hp X cn va ng 120 ml dung dch HCl 1M. Mt
khc cho 10,36 gam hn hp X tc dng vi 150 ml dung dch NaOH 1M ri c cn thu c m gam rn. Gi
tr ca m l
A. 14,20. B. 16,36. C. 14,56. D. 13,84.
( thi th THPT Quc gia ln 4 Thy Nguyn Vn Duyn TP H Ch Minh, nm 2015)
Hng dn gii

0,12 mol HCl
va
(NH3Cl)n R(COOH)m
(NH 2 )n R(COOH)m 0,15 mol NaOH (NH 2 )n R(COONa)m
m gam H2 O
10,36 gam
NaOH d
n NH2 n HCl 0,12 mol m N 0,12.14 1,68 gam
mO 16
1,68.16 0,24
mN 7
mO
3,84 gam nO 0,24 mol n COOH 0,12 mol
7 2
Mt khc, ta c: nNaOH p nCOOH nH2O sinh ra 0,12 mol
p dng bo ton khi lng, ta c: m 10,36 0,15.40 0,12.18 14,2 gam
mX mNaOH mH O
2

Cu 34: Tetrapeptit X (CxHyO5Nt) trong oxi chim 26,49% v khi lng; Y l mui amoni ca
amino axit Z. un nng 19,3 gam hn hp E cha X, Y, Z cn dng 200 ml dung dch NaOH 1M, thu c mt
mui duy nht v 2,688 lt kh (ktc) T (T c t khi hi so vi H2 < 15). Mt khc 19,3 gam E tc dng HCl
d thu c m gam mui. Gi tr ca m l
A. 27,85. B. 28,45. C. 31,52. D. 25,10.
Hng dn gii
+ Hn hp E phn ng vi NaOH ch thu c 1 mui duy nht X l tetrapeptit c to bi 1 amino
axit Z.

Ngi thy trung bnh ch bit ni. Ngi thy gii bit gii thch,
Ngi thy xut chng bit minh ha. Ngi thy v i bit cch truyn cm hng
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16.5
+ %mO 26,49% M tetrapeptit 302 4M Z 3.18 302 M Z 89 (Alanin)
0,2649
+ Do Y l mui amoni ca amino axit c to bi amino axit Z phn ng vi NH3 hoc amin.
Do MT 30 T l NH3 (c sinh bi mui amoni Y phn ng vi NaOH).
Cch 1: Gii chn phng
p dng bo ton nguyn t Na nCH3CH(NH3 )COONa n NaOH 0,2 mol . Khi , ta c:
X : Ala Ala Ala Ala : x mol CH3CH(NH 2 )COONa : 0,2 mol
0,2 mol NaOH
19,3 gam E Y: CH3CH(NH 2 )COONH 4 : y mol NH 3 : 0,12 mol
Z : CH CH(NH )COOH : z mol
3 2 H 2 O
p dng bo ton khi lng, ta c: mH2O 19,3 0,2.40 (0,2.111 0,12.17) 3,06 gam n H2O 0,17 mol
4x y z n NaOH phn ng 0,2 mol x 0,01 mol


x y z n H2O sinh ra 0,17 mol y 0,12 mol
z 0,04 mol
y = n NH3 0,12 mol

Ala Ala Ala Ala 4HCl 3H 2 O CH 3CH(NH 3Cl)COOH

mol : 0,01 0,04 0,03
CH 3CH(NH 3 )COONH 4 2HCl CH 3CH(NH 3Cl)COOH + NH 4 Cl
19,3 gam E
mol : 0,12 0,24
CH 3CH(NH 3 )COOH HCl CH 3CH(NH 3Cl)COOH

mol : 0,04 0,04
nHCl dng 0,04 0,24 0,04 0,32 mol
p dng bo ton khi lng, ta c: mmui 19,3 0,32.36,5 0,03.18 31,52 gam
Cch 2: p dng bo ton nguyn t Na ngc Ala nCH3CH(NH3 )COONa n NaOH 0,2 mol .

CH3CH(NH3Cl)COOH 0,2 mol
HCl
BT gc Ala

Khi : E
m mui 0,2.125,5 0,12.53,5 31,52 gam
NH 4 Cl
0,12 mol
NH3 :0,12 mol

Cu 35: X, Y l hai cht hu c k tip thuc dy ng ng ancol anlylic; Z l axit no hai chc; T l este to
bi X, Y, Z. t chy 17,12 gam hn hp E cha X, Y, Z, T (u mch h) cn dng 10,864 lt O2 (ktc) thu
c 7,56 gam nc. Mt khc 17,12 gam E lm mt mu va dung dch cha 0,09 mol Br2. Nu un nng
0,2 mol E vi 450 ml dung dch KOH 1M, c cn dung dch sau phn ng, ly phn lng cha cc cht hu c
i qua bnh ng Na d thy khi lng bnh tng m gam. Gi tr ca m l
A. 11,34. B. 7,50. C. 10,01. D. 5,69.
Hng dn gii
X,Y : R' CH CH CH 2 OH : a mol (k = 1) 0,485 mol O2 CO2

17,12 gam E Z : R(COOH)2 : b mol (k = 2) H 2 O : 0,42 mol
0,09 mol Br2
T : R(COO CH 2 CH CH R')2 : c mol (k = 4)

0,2 mol E Phn lng m bnh ? gam


0,45 mol KOH Na d

25,08
p dng bo ton khi lng, ta c: mCO2 17,12 0,485.32 7,56 = 25,08 gam n CO2 0,57 mol
44

Ngi thy trung bnh ch bit ni. Ngi thy gii bit gii thch,
Ngi thy xut chng bit minh ha. Ngi thy v i bit cch truyn cm hng
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17,12 0,57.12 0,42.2


n O trong E 0,59 mol
16
p dng bo ton nguyn t O, mi lin h bt bo ha k v s mol C C , ta c:
a 4b 4c n O trong E 0,59 mol a 0,07 mol


b 3c n CO2 n H2O 0,15 mol b 0,12 mol n E 0,07 0,12 0,01 0,2 mol

a 2c n Br2 phn ng 0,09 mol
c 0,01 mol
C X,Y 3

n CO2 0,57
Mt khc ta c: C Z 2 S C trong E 2,85 C Z 2 Y l HOOC COOH
C 8 nE 0,2

T
Do s mol E th nghim cng l 0,2 mol nn 0,2 mol E phn ng vi KOH cng chnh l 17,12 gam hn
hp ban u. Khi , ta c:
R' CH CHCH 2 OH : (0,07 0,01.2) 0,09 mol
R' CH CHCH 2 OH : 0,07 mol
0,45 mol (C OOK)2 : (0,12 0,01) 0,13 mol
17,12 gam (COOH)2 : 0,12 mol KOH

KOH d : 0,19 mol
(COOCH 2 CH CH R')2 : 0,01 mol H O : 0,12.2 = 0,24 mol
2
p dng bo ton khi lng, ta c: m E m KOH m R'CHCHCH OH m(COOK)2 m KOH d m H2O
2
17,12 0,45.56 0,13.166 0,19.56 0,24.18

mR'CHCHCH OH (17,12 0, 45.56) (0,13.166 0,19.56 0, 24.18) 5, 78 gam


2

m R'CHCHCH2OH 5,78 gam Na


0,09
Vy H2 : 0,045 mol
n 0,09 mol 2
R'CHCHCH2OH
mbnh mR'CHCHCH OH mH2 5,78 0,09 5,69 gam
2

Cu 36: Chia 0,15 mol hn hp X gm mt s cht hu c (bn c trong sch gio khoa c bn), trong phn t
cng cha C, H v O thnh ba phn bng nhau. t chy phn mt bng mt lng oxi va ri hp th ton
b sn phm chy vo bnh ng nc vi trong d thu c 5 gam kt ta. Phn hai tc dng vi mt lng d
dung dch AgNO3 trong NH3 thu c 8,64 gam Ag. Phn ba tc dng vi mt lng Na va thu c 0,448
lt H2 (ktc). Cc phn ng xy ra hon ton. Khi lng ca 0,15 mol hn hp X l
A. 6,48 gam. B. 5,58 gam. D. 5,52 gam. D. 6,00 gam.
( thi th THPT Quc gia ln 4 Thy Nguyn Vn Duyn TP H Ch Minh, nm 2015)
Hng dn gii
O2 , t
CO2 : 0,05.3 0,15 mol n C/trong X 0,15 mol
o

AgNO3 /NH3
0,15 mol X Ag : 0,08.3 0,24 mol
Na
H 2 : 0,02.3 0,06 mol n H linh ng 0,12 mol

CH3OH : x mol x y z 0,15 mol x 0,06 mol


n CO2
S C = 1 HCHO : y mol 4y 2z 0,24 mol y 0,03 mol
nX HCOOH : z mol x z 0,12 mol z 0,06 mol

m 0,06.32 0,03.30 0,06.46 5,58 gam

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Ngi thy xut chng bit minh ha. Ngi thy v i bit cch truyn cm hng
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Cu 37: Cho hn hp X gm mui A (C5H16O3N2) v B (C4H12O4N2) tc dng vi mt lng dung dch NaOH
va , un nng n khi phn ng xy ra hon ton ri c cn thu c m gam hn hp Y gm hai mui D v
E (MD < ME) v 2,24 lt hn hp Z gm hai amin no, n chc ng ng k tip c t khi hi i vi H2 l
18,3. Khi lng ca mui E trong hn hp Y l
A. 2,12 gam. B. 3,18 gam. C. 2,68 gam. D. 4,02 gam.
( thi th THPT Quc gia ln 4 Thy Nguyn Vn Duyn TP H Ch Minh, nm 2015)
Hng dn gii
2.5 2 16 2
k A tnh theo CTPT 1
Bin lun cu to ca A 2 A l hp cht c cha lin kt ion
A phn ng c vi NaOH k A thc t 1
S lin kt ion = k A thc t k A tnh theo CTPT

Mt khc, ta c 3 A l hp cht c cha 2 nhm mui amoni
X c 3 Oxi k A thc t 2 1

k B tnh theo CTPT 0

" Tng Vn T" B 4 B l hp cht cha 2 nhm mui amoni
c 4 oxi k 2 2

thc t

Do A v B sinh hn hp Z gm 2 amin no ng ng k tip nn CTCT ng ca A v B ln lt l

x mol y mol
x y 0,1 mol
C 2 H 5 NH 2 : x mol x 0,04 mol
Khi : Z 45x 31y
CH3 NH 2 : y mol x y 18,3.2 y 0,06 mol

D : Na 2 CO3 : 0,02 mol
Y m E 134.0,03 4,02 gam
E : (COONa)2 : 0,03 mol

Cu 38: Thy phn m gam hn hp X gm mt tetrapeptit A v mt pentapeptit B (A v B cha ng thi


glyxin v alanin trong phn t) bng mt lng dung dch NaOH va ri c cn thu c (m + 15,8) gam
hn hp mui. t chy ton b lng mui sinh ra bng mt lng oxi va thu c Na 2CO3 v hn hp
hi Y gm CO2, H2O v N2. Dn ton b hn hp hi Y i rt chm qua bnh ng dung dch NaOH c d
thy khi lng bnh tng thm 56,04 gam so vi ban u v c 4,928 lt mt kh duy nht (ktc) thot ra khi
bnh. Xem nh N2 khng b nc hp th, cc phn ng xy ra hon ton. Thnh phn phn trm khi lng
ca A trong hn hp X l
A. 55,92%. B. 35,37%. C. 30,95%. D. 53,06%.
( thi th THPT Quc gia ln 4 Thy Nguyn Vn Duyn TP H Ch Minh, nm 2015)
Hng dn gii
C 2 H 4 O2 NNa
m gam

tetrapeptit A C x
H y
O 5
N 4 : a mol

NaOH
mui ca glyxin

(m 15,8) + H2O

pentapeptit B C n
H m
O 6
N 5 : b mol 3 6 2
C H O NNa

mui ca alanin
p dng bo ton khi lng v bo ton nguyn t N, ta c:
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Ngi thy xut chng bit minh ha. Ngi thy v i bit cch truyn cm hng
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m 40(4a 5b) m 15,8 18(a b) 142a 182b 15,8 gam


a 0,06 mol
m NaOH m m H2 O
b 0,04 mol
mui

n 4a 5b 0,22.2 mol
N
n NaOH phn ng 0, 44 mol
BTNT Na
n Na CO 0, 22 mol 2 3

C 2 H 4 O2 NNa

O , t
Na 2 CO3 CO 2 H 2 O N 2
o

(m 15,8) Y 2

C 3 H 6 O2 NNa 0,22 mol 56,04 gam 0,22 mol

p dng bo ton khi lng cho hn hp Y, ta c:


n C 0, 22 n CO 12 0, 22 n CO 2n H O 30,36 m 15,8 gam

2
m m m
2 2

n H 2n H O
O N Na

Y 2
44n CO 18n H O 56,04 gam
n 2 n H C

O/ trong mui
2 2
n 2.0, 44 0,88 mol
n n 0, 44 mol 2n H O 2(0, 22 n CO )
N
2 2

Na
m 29, 4 gam


BTNT C
2n C H O NNa 3n C H O NNa 0,84 0, 22 mol n C H O NNa 0, 26 mol
n CO 0,84 mol
2 4 2 3 6 2 2 4 2

n C H O NNa n C H O NNa 0, 44 mol n C H O NNa 0,18 mol


2

n 1,06 mol
2 4 2 3 6 2 3 6 2

HO 2

xAla
tetrapeptit A : 0,06 mol gm (4 x)Gly

Gi
BT mc xch Ala
0,06x 0,04y 0,18 mol
pentapeptit B : 0,04 mol gm yAla

(5 y)Gly
x 1 A : Gly Gly Gly Ala 0,06(75.3 89 3.18)
%m A .100 53,06%
y 3 B : Gly Gly Ala Ala Ala 29, 4

Cu 39: Hn hp A gm 2 este n chc X, Y. Cho 0,05 mol A tc dng va vi dung dch NaOH thu c
hn hp sn phm hu c B. t chy ht ton b B thu c 2,688 lt CO2; 3,18 gam Na2CO3. Khi lm bay
hi B thu c m gam cht rn. Gi tr ca m l
A. 4,56. B. 3,40. C. 5,84. D. 5,62.
Hng dn gii
Theo bo ton nguyn t C, ta c :
2.3,18 n NaOH phan ng 0,06
n NaOH phan ng 2nNa 0,06 1,2
2CO3 106 n(X, Y) 0,05
Suy ra : X hoc Y l este ca phenol.
nC nCO n Na CO 0,12 0,03 X : HCOOCH3

2 2 3
C(X, Y) 3
n(X, Y) n(X, Y) 0,05 Y : Cx Hy O2 (x 7)

Theo gi thit v bo ton nguyn t C, ta c :
n n C H O 0,05 n C H O 0,01
HCOOCH3 x y 2 x y 2

n HCOOCH3 2n CxHyO2 n NaOH 0,06 n HCOOCH3 0,04 Cx H y O2 : HCOOC6 H 5

2n HCOOCH3 x.nCxHyO2 nC 0,15 x 7

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Theo bo ton khi lng, ta c : m chat ran 0,04.60 0,01.122 0,06.40 0,04.32 0,01.18 4,56 gam
m(X, Y) m NaOH mCH OH mH O
3 2

Cu 40: Hn hp X gm mt axit cacboxylic no hai chc, mch h; hai ancol no n chc k tip nhau trong
dy ng ng v mt ieste to bi axit v c 2 ancol . t chy hon ton 4,84 gam X trn thu c 7,26
gam CO2 v 2,70 gam H2O. Mt khc, un nng 4,84 gam X trn vi 80 ml dung dch NaOH 1M, sau phn ng
thm va 10 ml dung dch HCl 1M trung ha lng NaOH d. C cn phn dung dch thu c m gam
mui khan, ng thi thu c 896 ml hn hp ancol (ktc) c t khi hi so vi H2 l 19,5. Gi tr ca m l
A. 4,595 B. 5,765. C. 5,180. D. 4,990.
Hng dn gii
O2 , t o CO2 : 0,165 mol

R(C OOH)2 : a mol (k = 2) H 2 O : 0,15 mol

4,84 gam X R'OH : b mol (k = 0) m gam rn
R(C OOR') : c mol (k = 2) 0,08 NaOH
0,896
R'OH : 22,4 0,04 mol
2 0,01 mol HCl


Theo gi thuyt v mi lin h bt bo ha k, ta c:
a b c n CO2 n H2O 0,015 mol a 0,025 mol

2a 2c n NaOH phn ng 0,08 0,01 0,07 mol b 0,02 mol

b 2c n ancol 0,04 mol c 0,01 mol
p dng bo ton khi lng, ta c:
m X m NaOH m HCl m m H2O m R 'OH (vi n H2O a 0,01 0,035 mol)
m 4,84 0,08.40 0,01.36,5 0,035.18 0,04.19,5.2 5,765 gam

Cu 41: t chy este 2 chc mch h (X c to t axit cacboxylic no, a chc, phn t X khng c qu 5
lin kt ) thu c tng th tch CO2 v H2O gp 5/3 ln th tch O2 cn dng. Ly 21,6 gam X tc dng hon
ton vi 400 ml dung dch NaOH 1M, c cn dung dch sau phn ng thu c m gam cht rn Y. Gi tr ln
nht ca m l
A. 28,0. B. 26,2. C. 24,8. D. 24,1.
( thi th THPT Quc Gia ln 1 THPT Qunh Lu 1 Ngh An, nm 2015)
Hng dn gii
Ta c cng thc phn t ca Este 2 chc mch l C n H 2n 22k O4 (k 5)
n 1 k to
C n H 2n 22k O 4 + n 2 O 2 nCO 2 (n 1 k)H 2 O
2
5 5 n 1 k
Theo gi thuyt n CO2 n H2O n O2 2n+1 k n 2
3 3 2
n 6
1,5n 0,5k 10,5
k 3
2 trong -COO-
Vy Este l C 6 H8 O 4 c k = 3
1 trong gc hirocacbon ca ancol
to c khi lng rn ti a th gc axit phi ln nht nhng do mch h khng th l este vng do vy c
2 gc ancol trong 1 gc cha gc hirocacbon khng no cha 1 C=C.
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Vy cu to ca este phi l

21,6
0,15 mol 0,4 mol
144
Vy m = 0,1.40 + 0,15.148 = 26.2 gam

Cu 42: Thy phn 12,64 gam hn hp X gm hai este A v B ch cha mt loi nhm chc (MA < MB) cn
va ng 200 ml dung dch NaOH 1M ri c cn thu c mui ca mt axit hu c D v hn hp X gm hai
ancol no, n chc ng ng k tip. Cho ton b lng ancol ny tc dng vi 6,9 gam Na thu c 13,94
gam cht rn. Cc phn ng xy ra hon ton. Chn kt lun ng trong cc kt lun sau:
A. T l mol gia A v B trong hn hp X l 1 : 3.
B. T l mol gia A v B trong hn hp X l 3 : 1.
C. D c thnh phn phn trm khi lng C l 26,67%.
D. D c thnh phn phn trm khi lng C l 26,08%.
( thi th THPT Quc gia ln 4 Thy Nguyn Vn Duyn TP H Ch Minh, nm 2015)
Hng dn gii
R(COOR ')n nNaOH R(COONa)n nR 'OH (I)

12,64 gam 0,2 mol

R 'OH Na 13,94 gam rn + H 2 (II)

n R 'OH n NaOH 0,2 mol n H 0,1 mol 2

p dng bo ton khi lng cho (II), ta c:


7,24 CH3 OH (to bi A)
n R 'OH 6,9 13,94 2.0,1 n R 'OH 7,24 gam M R 'OH 36,2
no, kt
M M

0,2 C 2 H 5 OH (to bi B)
A B
mH
2

0,14
nA mol

n n 0, 2 mol
n 0,14 mol n

CH OH C H OH CH OH

3 2 5 BT nhm -CH
3
3


32n CH OH
3
46n C H OH
2
7, 24
5
gam
n C H OH
0,06 mol BT nhm -C H
2 5 n 0,06 mol
2 5


B n
0,14 0,06
nA : nB : 7 : 3 p n A, B u sai
n n
p dng bo ton khi lng cho (I) v bo ton nguyn t Na, ta c:
m R(COONa ) 12,64 0,2.40 7,24 13, 4 gam

m m n
n R(COONa ) 67n
este NaOH

R 'OH

n 0,2 n

mol

Na trong R(COONa )
n
n
M R 67n 67n M R 0
ch tha mn
n 2 NaOOC COONa
12.2
D : HOOC COOH % m C .100 26,67% p n C ng
90

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Cu 43: X, Y l hai cht hu c k tip thuc dy ng ng ancol anlylic; Z l axit no hai chc; T l este to
bi X, Y, Z. t chy 17,12 gam hn hp E cha X, Y, Z, T (u mch h) cn dng 10,864 lt O2 (ktc) thu
c 7,56 gam nc. Mt khc 17,12 gam E lm mt mu va dung dch cha 0,09 mol Br2. Nu un nng
0,3 mol E vi 450 ml dung dch KOH 1M, c cn dung dch sau phn ng, ly phn lng cha cc cht hu c
i qua bnh ng Na d thy khi lng bnh tng m gam. Gi tr ca m gn nht vi gi tr no sau y?
A. 7,00. B. 10,50. C. 8,50. D. 9,00.
Hng dn gii
X,Y : R' CH CH CH 2 OH : a mol (k = 1) 0,485 mol O2 CO2

17,12 gam E Z : R(COOH)2 : b mol (k = 2) H 2 O : 0,42 mol
0,09 mol Br2
T : R(COO CH 2 CH CH R')2 : c mol (k = 4)

0,2 mol E Phn lng m bnh ? gam


0,45 mol KOH Na d

25,08
p dng bo ton khi lng, ta c: mCO2 17,12 0,485.32 7,56 = 25,08 gam n CO2 0,57 mol
44
17,12 0,57.12 0,42.2
n O trong E 0,59 mol
16
p dng bo ton nguyn t O, mi lin h bt bo ha k v s mol C C , ta c:
a 4b 4c n O trong E 0,59 mol a 0,07 mol


b 3c n CO2 n H2O 0,15 mol b 0,12 mol n E 0,07 0,12 0,01 0,2 mol

a 2c n Br2 phn ng 0,09 mol
c 0,01 mol
C X,Y 3

n CO2 0,57
Mt khc ta c: C Z 2 S C trong E 2,85 C Z 2 Y l HOOC COOH
C 8 nE 0,2

T
0,3
Do s mol E th nghim cng l 0,3 mol nn khi lng E phn ng vi KOH l 17,12. 25,68 gam .
0,2
Khi , ta c:
R' CH CHCH 2 OH : 0,135 mol
R' CH CHCH 2 OH : 0,07.1,5 mol
0,45 mol (C OOK)2 : 0,195 mol
25,68 gam (COOH)2 : 0,12.1,5 mol KOH

KOH d : 0,06 mol
(COOCH 2 CH CH R') 2 : 0,01.1,5 mol H O : 0,36 mol
2
p dng bo ton khi lng, ta c: m E m KOH m R'CHCHCH OH m(COOK)2 m KOH d m H2O
2
25,68 0,45.56 0,195.166 0,06.56 0,36.18

mR'CHCHCH OH (25,68 0, 45.56) (0,195.166 0,06.56 0,36.18) 8,67 gam


2

m R'CH CHCH2OH 8,67 gam



Vy
n 0,135 mol
R'CH CHCH2OH
mbnh mR'CHCHCH OH mH2 8,67 0,135 8,535 gam
gn nht
8,50 gam
2 \

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Cu 44: Thy phn ht m gam hn hp X gm mt s este c to bi axit n chc v ancol n chc bng
mt lng dung dch NaOH va ri c cn thu c a gam mui v b gam hn hp ancol. t chy a gam
hn hp mui thu c hn hp kh Y v 7,42 gam Na2CO3. Cho ton b hn hp kh Y sinh ra qua bnh ng
dung dch Ca(OH)2 d thu c 23 gam kt ta ng thi thy khi lng bnh tng 13,18 gam so vi ban u.
un b gam hn hp ancol sinh ra vi H2SO4 c 1400C thu c 4,34 gam hn hp cc ete. Cc phn ng xy
ra hon ton. Gi tr m gn gi tr no nht sau y?
A. 10. B. 11. C. 13. D. 12.
( thi th THPT Quc gia ln 4 Thy Nguyn Vn Duyn TP H Ch Minh, nm 2015)
Hng dn gii
RCOONa O
Na 2 CO3 CO2 H 2 O (I)
2


a gam
RCOOR ' NaOH
0,07 mol 0,23 mol 0,17 mol

R 'OH 4,34 gam cc ete + H 2 O (II)


o
140 C
hn hp X

H SO
b gam
2 4

p dng bo ton nguyn t Na v O, ta c:

n RCOONa n NaOH 2n Na CO 0,14 mol

2 3

0,14.2 2n O 3.0,07 2.0,23 0,17 n O 0,28 mol


2 2

p dng bo ton khi lng cho phn ng (I), ta c:


a m RCOONa 7, 42 13,18 0,28.32 11,64 gam
n R 'OH
Mt khc : n R ' OH n RCOONa 0,14 mol n H O 0,07 mol
2
2
p dng bo ton khi lng cho phn ng (I), ta c: b mR'OH 4,34 0,07.18 5,6 gam
p dng bo ton khi lng cho phn ng thy phn, ta c:
m 11,64 5,6 0,14.40 11,64 gam
gn nht
12 gam
a b mNaOH

Cu 45: Hn hp X gm cc cht c cng thc phn t l C2H7O3N v C2H10O3N2. Khi cho cc cht trong X
tc dng vi dung dch HCl hoc dung dch NaOH d un nng nh u c kh thot ra. Ly 0,1 mol X cho
vo dung dch cha 0,25 mol KOH. Sau phn ng c cn dung dch c cht rn Y, nung nng Y n khi
lng khng i c m gam cht rn. Gi tr ca m l
A. 16,90. B. 17,25. C. 18,85. D. 16,60.
( thi th i hc ln 1 THPT Lng c Bng Thanh Ha, nm 2014)
Hng dn gii
2.2 1 7 2
k C H O N theo CTPT 0
Bin lun cu to ca C2H7O3N 2 7 3
2 A l hp cht c cha lin kt ion
A phn ng c vi NaOH k A thc t 1
S lin kt ion = k thc t k tnh theo CTPT

Mt khc, ta c 3 A l hp cht c cha 1 nhm mui amoni
X c 3 Oxi k thc t 2 1

+ C 1 nhm mui amoni, 3 oxi nn mui c cha gc hirocacbonat v nu 3 oxi trong gc cacbonat th phi
cha t nht 2 lin kt ion.
k C H O N tnh theo CTPT 1

2 10 3 2

" Tng Vn T" C 2 H10 O3 N 2 3 B l hp cht cha 2 nhm mui amoni


c 3 oxi k 2 1

thc t

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Do c 2 cht u phn ng vi HCl hoc NaOH u sinh kh nn c 2 u l mui amoni ca amin hoc NH3
vi axit cacbonic. Vy cng thc cu to ca C2H7O3N v C2H10O3N2 ln lt l
C2H7O3N: C2H10O3N2:
CH3 NH3 HCO3

K CO
Sau phn ng ca X vi KOH rn gm 2 3
KOH d
Theo bo ton gc cacbonat v nguyn t K, ta c:
n K 2CO3 n CH3NH3HCO3 n CH3NH3CO3NH4 0,1 mol

Vy m cht rn 0,1.138 0,05.56 16,60 gam


n KOH d n KOH 2n K2CO3 0,25 2.0,1 0,05 mol
m K2 CO3 m KOH d

Cu 46: Cho 2,76 gam cht hu c X gm C, H, O tc dng vi dung dch NaOH va sau chng kh th
phn bay hi ch c nc v cn li 2 mui ca Na c khi lng 4,44 gam. Nung nng 2 mui ny trong oxi
d, phn ng hon ton thu c 2,464 lt CO2 (ktc); 3,18 gam Na2CO3 v 0,9 gam H2O. Bit cng thc phn
t ca X trng vi cng thc n gin nht. Cho 2,76 gam X tc dng vi 80 ml dung dch KOH 1M, c cn
dung dch thu c m gam cht rn. Gi tr ca m l
A. 6,16. B. 7,24. C. 6,88. D. 6,52.
Hng dn gii
X NaOH 2 mui Na + H2O X l este ca phenol .
Khi ta c:
CO2
o 0,11 mol
O2 ,t
o
2 mui Na Na CO
3
2,76 gam X NaOH 4,44 gam
t 2
H2O

0,03 mol
0,05 mol

H 2 O
p dng bo ton nguyn t Na: nNaOH 2nNa2CO3 2.0,03 0,06 mol
p dng bo ton nguyn t C: nC trong X nCO2 n Na2CO3 0,14 mol
0,11 0,03
p dng bo ton khi lng cho phn ng thy phn X vi NaOH, ta c:
m X m NaOH m mui m H2O m H2O thy phn 0,72 gam
2,76 0,06.40 4,44 ?
n H2O thy phn 0,04 mol
p dng bo ton nguyn t H:
n H trong X n H trong NaOH 2 n H2O t 2 n H2O thy phn n H trong X 0,12 mol
? 0,06 0,05 0,04
Bo ton khi lng trong phn t X, ta c:
m mC m H 2,76 12.0,14 0,12
nO trong X X 0,06 mol
16 16
T l s mol cc nguyn t trong X:
nC : nH : nO 0,14 : 0,12 : 0,06 7 : 6 : 3 CTGN ca X l C 7H6O3

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V cng thc phn t trng vi cng thc n gin nht nn cng thc phn t ca X l C7H6O3. Cng thc cu
to ca X l HCOOC6H4OH (c 3 ng phn ortho, meta, para).
Khi X phn ng vi dung dch KOH, ta c:
HCOOC 6 H 4OH 3KOH
HCOOK C 6 H 4 (OK)2 2H 2O
mol : 0,02 0,08 (d) 0,04
Theo bo ton khi lng : m rn 2,76 0,08.56 0,04.18 6,52 gam

Cu 47: t chy hon ton 24,4 gam hn hp X gm C3H6, C3H8, C4H10, CH3CHO, CH2=CH-CHO cn va
49,28 lt kh O2 (ktc).Sau phn ng thu c 28,8 gam H2O. Mt khc, ly ton b lng X trn sc vo
dung dch AgNO3/NH3 d thy xut hin m gam kt ta (cc phn ng xy ra hon ton). Gi tr ca m l
A. 21,6 B. 32,4 C. 43,2 D. 54,0
( thi th THPT Quc Gia ln 7 CLB Gia s H Ngoi Thng H Ni, nm 2015)
Hng dn gii
C3 H 6
C H
3 8 CO2
2,2 mol O 2
24, 4 gam X C4 H10 t o
CH CHO H 2 O :1,6 mol
3
CH 2 CH CHO
p dng bo ton khi lng cho phn ng, ta c: 44n CO2 28,8 24,4 2,2.32 n CO2 1,5 mol
p dng bo ton khi lng cho hn hp X, ta c:
24, 4 1,5.12 1,6.2
mX 12n CO2 2n H2O 16n O 24, 4 gam n O trong X 0, 2 mol
16
12.1,5 3,2

Nhn xt: ch c CH3CHO v CH2=CHCHO c oxi v cng ch c c hai cht phn ng vi AgNO3/NH3.
nO trong X n RCHO trong X 0,2 mol mAg 0,2.2.108 43,2 gam

Cu 48: Cho 9,3 gam cht X c cng thc phn t C3H12N2O3 un nng vi 2 lt dung dch KOH 0,1M. Sau khi
phn ng hon ton thu c mt cht kh lm qu tm m i thnh xanh v dung dch Y ch cha cht v c.
C cn dung dch Y thu c khi lng cht rn khan l
A. 10,375 gam. B. 9,950 gam. C. 13,150 gam. D. 10,350 gam.
( thi th i hc ln 1 THPT Chuyn Thng Long Lt, nm 2015)
Hng dn gii
2.3 2 12 2
k C H O N2 theo CTPT 1
Bin lun cu to ca C3H12O3N2 3 12 3
2 A l hp cht c cha lin kt ion
A phn ng c vi NaOH k A thc t 1

S lin kt ion = k thc t k tnh theo CTPT 1 (1) 2



Mt khc, ta c 3 A l hp cht c cha 2 nhm mui amoni
X c 3 Oxi k 2 1

thc t

+ X c 3 oxi c th l mui cacbonat, hirocacbonat, nitrat nhng do cha 2 lin kt ion th phi l mui
amoni cacbonat, cc mui hirocacbonat hay nitrat ch to c 1 lin kt ion

Ngi thy trung bnh ch bit ni. Ngi thy gii bit gii thch,
Ngi thy xut chng bit minh ha. Ngi thy v i bit cch truyn cm hng
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Do sau phn ng ch thu c mt kh lm xanh qu tm m nn cng thc cu to tha mn X l:

CH3 NH3 [CO3 ] H3N CH 3 2KOH


K 2 CO3 2CH 3NH 2 2H 2 O
9,3
mol : 0,075 0,15 0,075
124
m rn mK2CO3 mKOH d 0,075.138 (0,2 0,15).56 13,15 gam
Cu 49: un nng 0,045 mol hn hp A gm hai peptit X v Y cn va 120 ml dung dch KOH 1M thu
c hn hp Z cha 3 mui ca Gly, Ala v Val (trong mui ca Gly chim 33,832% v khi lng), bit
X hn Y mt lin kt peptit. Mt khc, t chy hon ton 13,68 gam A cn dng 14,364 lt O 2 (ktc) thu c
hn hp kh v hi, trong tng khi lng ca CO2 v H2O l 31,68 gam. Thnh phn phn trm v khi
lng ca mui Ala trong Z gn gi tr no nht sau y?
A. 45%. B. 54%. C. 50%. D. 60%.
( thi th THPT Quc Gia ln 1 Trung tm Mclass.vn H Ni, nm 2015)
Hng dn gii
C 2 H 4 O2 NK (33,832% v m)
0,12 mol KOH
0,12 mol Z C 3 H 6 O 2 NK
Peptit X C H O NK
A 5 10 2
Peptit Y
O2 CO2
13,68 gam t o 31,68 gam

H 2 O
n KOH 0,12
Gi n l mt xch -amino axit trung bnh ca X, Y n = 2,67
n X, Y 0,045

X : tripeptit C x H y O 4 N 3 (a mol)

Mt khc, X hn Y mt lin kt peptit
Y : ipeptit C n H m O3 N 2 (b mol)

a b 0,045 mol a 0,03 mol
Theo gi thuyt
3a 2b 0,12 mol b 0,015 mol
Vi th nghim 2:
14,364 2,52
p dng bo ton khi lng, ta c: 13,68 .32 m N2 31,68 n N trong X, Y TN2 2. 0,18 mol
22,4 28
Mt khc, theo bo ton nguyn t N th nghim 1 n N trong X, Y TN1 0,12 mol
n N trong X, Y TN2 0,18
1,5 Th nghim 2 dng gp 1,5 lng so vi th nghim 1
n N trong X, Y TN1 0,12

X : C x H y O4 N 3 :1,5.0,03 0,045 mol


O2 CO
Khi : 13,68 gam 31,68 gam 2
Y : C n H m O3 N 2 :1,5.0,015 0,0225 mol
to
H 2 O
Theo gi thuyt v bo ton nguyn t O, ta c:
44n CO2 18n H2O 31,68 gam
n CO2 0,5175 mol

14,364
2n CO2 n H2O 4.0,045 3.0,0225 2. 22,4 n H2O 0,495 mol

Ngi thy trung bnh ch bit ni. Ngi thy gii bit gii thch,
Ngi thy xut chng bit minh ha. Ngi thy v i bit cch truyn cm hng
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Vi th nghim 1:
Do th nghim 2 dng lng gp 1,5 ln so vi th nghim 1
13,68
m X,Y 9,12 gam
X 1,5
0,045 mol
Y n 0,5175
C trong 0,045 mol X, Y 0,345 mol

1,5
Theo quy lut ca phn ng thy phn peptit trong dung dch kim, ta c:
n peptit nKOH
Mui Z H2 O
mol : 0,045 0,12 0,045
p dng bo ton khi lng, ta c: 9,12 0,12.56 mZ 0,045.18 mZ 15,03 gam
15,03.0,33832
%mC2H4O2NK (mui ca Gly) 33,832% n C2H4O2NK 0,045 mol
113
C 2 H 4 O2 NK : 0,045 mol

Vy Z C 3 H6 O2 NK : x mol
C H O NK : y mol
5 10 2
x y 0,045 n KOH 0,12 mol x 0,06 mol
p dng bo ton nguyn t K v C, ta c:
3x 5y 0,045.2 0,345 mol y 0,015 mol
0,06.(89 1 30)
%mC3H6O2NK (mui ca Ala) .100 50,7%
gn nht
50%
15,03
Cu 50: Cho m gam hn hp X gm glyxin, alanin, axit glutamic v lysin (trong t l mO : mN = 16 : 9) tc
dng vi mt lng dung dch NaOH va thu c dung dch Y. C cn dung dch Y ri t chy ht lng
mui thu c 7,42 gam Na2CO3. Cho ton b kh cacbonic v hi nc sinh ra qua bnh ng dung dch
Ca(OH)2 d thu c 49 gam kt ta ng thi thy khi lng bnh tng 31,64 gam so vi ban u. Cc phn
ng xy ra hon ton. Gi tr ca m l
A. 14,98. B. 13,73. C. 14,00. D. 14,84.
( thi th THPT Quc Gia ln 3 Thy Nguyn Vn Duyn TP. H Ch Minh, nm 2015)
Hng dn gii
Do Ca(OH)2 d n CO2 n CaCO3 0,49 mol
n CO2 0,49 mol
Theo gi thuyt, ta c:
44n CO2 18n H2O 31,64 gam
n H2O 0,56 mol

Na 2 CO3 : 0,07
Glyxin
Alanin Y O2 CO2 : 0,49 mol
NaOH

o
m gam X t
H 2 O : 0,56 mol
Glutamic N
2
Lysin

H 2 O
m :m 16:9
O N

p dng bo ton nguyn t Na, ta c: n NaOH 2n Na2CO3 0,14 mol


Ta c: n COOH n NaOH 0,14 mol nO trong X 2n COOH 0,28 mol

mO :m N 16:9
9m O trong X 9.16.0,28
m N trong X 2,52 gam
16 16

Ngi thy trung bnh ch bit ni. Ngi thy gii bit gii thch,
Ngi thy xut chng bit minh ha. Ngi thy v i bit cch truyn cm hng
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Lu : X phn ng vi NaOH sinh H2O vi n H2O n NaOH phn ng 0,14 mol (lng H2O sinh bi thy phn)
p dng bo ton nguyn t C v H, ta c:
n C trong X n C trong Y n Na2CO3 n CO2 0,07 0,49 0,56 mol

n H trong X 2n H2O thy phn 2n H2 O t chy n NaOH 2.(0,14 0,56) 0,14 1,26 mol

p dng bo ton khi lng cho X, ta c:


mX 12.0,56 1,26 16.0,28 2,52 14,98 gam

Cu 51: X phng ho hon ton m gam mt este no, n chc, mch h E bng 26 gam dung dch MOH
28% (M l kim loi kim). C cn hn hp sau phn ng thu c 24,72 gam cht lng X v 10,08 gam
cht rn khan Y. t chy hon ton Y, thu c sn phm gm CO2, H2O v 8,97 gam mui cacbonat
khan. Mt khc, cho X tc dng vi Na d, thu c 12,768 lt kh H2 (ktc). Phn trm khi lng mui
trong Y c gi tr gn nht vi
A. 67,5. B. 85,0. C. 80,0. D. 97,5.
( thi minh ha k thi THPT Quc Gia nm 2015 B Gio dc v o To)
Hng dn gii
R'OH Na d
24,72 gam cht lng X H 2 : 0,57 mol
26 gam H 2 O
RCOOR'
10,08 gam rn Y
MOH 28%
RCOOM O2
o M 2 CO3 CO 2 H 2 O
MOH d (c th) t
8,97 gam

26.0,28 8,97 M 39 (K)


p dng bo ton nguyn t M, ta c: n MOH 2n M2CO3 2.
M 17 2M 60 KOH : 0,13 mol
mcht lng m R ' OH m H2O 24,72 m R ' OH 26 26.0,28 m R ' OH 6 gam
m H2 O

R'OH
Na
26 26.0,28 H2 : 0,57 mol
H 2 O : 1,04 mol
18
p dng bo ton mol H linh ng, ta c: n R' OH 1,04 2n H2 1,14 mol n R' OH 0,1 mol
RCOOK : 0,1 mol
Do este n chc nn n R ' OH n RCOOK 0,1 mol 10,08 gam
KOH d : 0,03 mol
8,4
m RCOOK 10,08 56.0,03 8,4 gam %m RCOOK .100 83,33
gn nht
85,0
10,08
Lu : bi ch yu cu xc nh thnh phn phn trm khi lng mui trong hn hp nn khng nht thit
phi tm ra R v R l g? Tuy nhin vic tm R v R cng rt n gin. Cc bn c th t kim chng nh !

Cu 52: un nng 0,16 mol hn hp E gm hai peptit X (CxHyOzN6) v Y (CnHmO6Nt) cn dng 600 ml
dung dch NaOH 1,5M ch thu c dung dch cha a mol mui ca glyxin v b mol mui ca alanin.
Mt khc t chy 30,73 gam E trong O2 va thu c hn hp CO2, H2O v N2, trong tng khi
lng ca CO2 v nc l 69,31 gam. Gi tr a : b gn nht vi
A. 0,730. B. 0,810. C. 0,756. D. 0,962.
( thi minh ha k thi THPT Quc Gia nm 2015 B Gio dc v o To)
Hng dn gii

Ngi thy trung bnh ch bit ni. Ngi thy gii bit gii thch,
Ngi thy xut chng bit minh ha. Ngi thy v i bit cch truyn cm hng
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Da vo cng thc phn t X l hexapeptit, Y l pentapeptit


0,9 mol NaOH C H O NNa : a mol
0,16 mol E 2 4 2
X : C x H y O7 N 6 hexapeptit C 3 H6 O2 NNa : b mol
E
Y : C n H m O6 N 5 pentapeptit O2 , t o CO
30,73 gam 69,31 gam 2
H 2 O
n X n Y 0,16 mol n 0,1 mol n 5
Theo gi thuyt, ta c X X
6n X 5n Y n NaOH 0,9 mol n Y 0,06 mol nY 3
X : C x H y O7 N 6 (5t mol) vi k X 6 O2 , to
CO2 : x mol
Khi 30,73 gam E 69,31 gam
Y : C n H m O6 N 5 (3t mol) vi k Y 5
H2 O : y mol
Theo gi thuyt, bo ton khi lng v mi lin h ca bt bo ha k, ta c :
44x 18y 69,31 gam 44x 18y 69,31 gam

12x 2y 16(7.5t 6.3t) 14(6.5a 5.3t) 30,73 gam 12x 2y 1478t 30,73 gam
nCO2 nH2O (k 10,5t )n peptit
x y (6 1 0,5.6)5t (5 1 0,5.5).3t x y 14,5t 0
x 1,16 mol

y=1,015 mol
t 0,01 mol

Cch 1: Vn dng linh hot cc nh lut bo ton.
X : 0,05 mol
Vy ng vi 30,73 gam E s mol X, Y trong 0,16 mol E gp i trong mol E trong 30,73 gam
Y : 0,03 mol
n C trong 0,16 mol E 2n C trong 30,73 gam E 2n CO2 2,32 mol

m E ng vi 0,16 mol E 2.30,73 61,46 gam



Theo quy lut thy phn n-peptit (n l bi) trong dung dch kim, ta c:

C x H y O 7 N 6 C 2 H 4 O2 NNa : a mol
n peptit E nNaOH Mui + H2O

n m 6 5
C H O N C 3 H 6 O 2 NNa : b mol
mol : 0,16 0,9 0,16
gam : 61,46 0,9.40 0,16.18
Khi p dng bo ton nguyn t C v bo ton khi lng, ta c:
n C trong E 2a 3b 2,32 mol 2a 3b 2,32 mol a 0,38 mol

61,46 0,9.40 (97a 111b) 0,16.18 97a 111b 94,58 gam b 0,52 mol
a 0,38 gn nht
Vy 0,730
b 0,52
Cch 2: Xc nh cu to ph hp ca X, Y
p dng bo ton nguyn t C, ta c: C X .0,05 C Y .0,03 n CO2 1,16 mol
Mt khc X, Y u c to bi Glyxin v Alanin 2.6 C X v C Y 3.6
12 18

C 16 X : (Gly) 2 (Ala)4 : 0,1 mol a 2.0,1 3.0,06 0,38 mol


X
BT mt xch Gly

C Y 12 Y : (Gly) 3 (Ala)2 : 0,06 mol b 4.0,1 2.0,06 0,52 mol
BT mt xch Ala

a 0,38 gn nht
Vy 0,730
b 0,52

Ngi thy trung bnh ch bit ni. Ngi thy gii bit gii thch,
Ngi thy xut chng bit minh ha. Ngi thy v i bit cch truyn cm hng
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Cch 3: K thut trng ngng-thy phn peptit v bo ton.


X : C x H y O 7 N 6 : 0,1 mol C 2 H 5 O2 N : a mol
0,16 mol H 2 O
thy phn

Y : C n H m O6 N 5 : 0,06 mol C 3 H 7 O2 NNa : b mol
n H2O cn thy phn 5.0,1 4.0,06 0,74 mol
Gi k l h s t lng ca 30,73 gam so vi 0,16 mol ca hn hp E
X : C x H y O 7 N 6 O2 , t o
30,73 gam CO2 H 2 O
Y : C n H m O6 N 5
p dng bo ton nguyn t C v H, ta c:
n CO2 n C trong mui (2a 3b) k mol

5ak 7bk 2.0,74


n H2O t n H trong Gly-Ala n H2 O cn thy phn mol
2
Khi , theo bo ton nguyn t Na, bo ton khi lng v gi thuyt, ta c:

a b n NaOH 0,9 mol a 0,38 mol



30,73 18.0,74k (75a 89b) k b 0,52 mol
(5a 7b)k 2.0,74 k 0,5
44.(2a 3a)k 18 69,31 mol
2
a 0,38 gn nht
Vy 0,730
b 0,52

Cu 53: Ba cht hu c X, Y, Z (50 < MX < MY < MZ) u c thnh phn nguyn t C, H, O. Hn hp T
gm X, Y, Z, trong nX = 4(nY + nZ). t chy hon ton m gam T, thu c 13,2 gam CO2. Mt khc m
gam T phn ng va vi 0,4 lt dung dch KHCO3 0,1M. Cho m gam T phn ng hon ton vi lng
d dung dch AgNO3 trong NH3, thu c 56,16 gam Ag. Phn trm khi lng ca X trong hn hp T l
A. 32,54%. B. 47,90%. C. 74,52%. D. 79,16%.
( thi th THPT Quc Gia ln 7 CLB Gia s H Ngoi Thng H Ni, nm 2015)
Hng dn gii
13, 2
Ta c khi t chy T thu c n CO2 0,3mol
44
T tc dng vi KHCO3 chng t T cha nhm COOH n COOH n KHCO3 0, 4.0,1 0,04mol
T tc dng vi AgNO3/NH3 chng t T c nhm CHO, mt khc 50 < MX < MY < MZ chng t 1CHO cho
n
2Ag n CHO Ag 0, 26 mol
2
Nhn thy n COOH nCHO nCO 2 chng t cc cht trong T c s nhm chc bng s nguyn t cacbon
Vy X, Y, Z ln lt l HOC-CHO ; HOC-COOH ; HOOC COOH
HOC CHO : x mol 2x 2y 2z 0,3 mol x 0,12 mol

t s mol cc cht l HOC COOH : y mol y 2z 0,04 mol y 0,02 mol
HOOC COOH : z mol x 4y 4z z 0,01 mol

58.0,12
Vy %m X .100 74,52%
58.0,12 74.0,02 90.0,01

Ngi thy trung bnh ch bit ni. Ngi thy gii bit gii thch,
Ngi thy xut chng bit minh ha. Ngi thy v i bit cch truyn cm hng
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Cu 54: Hn hp T gm ba cht hu c X, Y, Z (50 < MX < MY < MZ v u to nn t cc nguyn t C, H,


O). t chy hon ton m gam T thu c H2O v 2,688 lt kh CO2 (ktc). Cho m gam T phn ng vi dung
dch NaHCO3 d, thu c 1,568 lt kh CO2 (ktc). Mt khc, cho m gam T phn ng hon ton vi lng
d dung dch AgNO3 trong NH3, thu c 10,8 gam Ag. Gi tr ca m l
A. 4,6. B. 4,8. C. 5,2. D. 4,4.
( thi minh ha k thi THPT Quc Gia nm 2015 B Gio dc v o To)
Hng dn gii
n
+ Do MX > 50, suy ra X khng phi l HCHO n CHO Ag
2
O2 , t o

X CO2 : 0,12 mol n C trong X,Y,Z 0,12 mol


NaHCO3
m gam Y CO2 : 0,07 mol n COOH trong X,Y,Z 0,07 mol
Z AgNO3 /NH3
Ag : 0,1 mol n CHO trong X,Y,Z 0,05 mol
Theo , ta c: n C trong X,Y,Z n COOH trong X,Y,Z n CHO trong X,Y,Z trong X, Y, Z ch cha nhm -CHO v -COOH
0,12 mol 0,07 mol 0,05 mol

Cch 1: mX,Y,Z mCHO mCOOH 0,05.29 0,07.45 4,6 gam


Nu cc bn tinh c iu ny th khng cn quan trng X, Y, Z ln lt l g ?
Cch 2:
X : HOC CHO

Theo gi thuyt bi Y : HOC COOH u c dng
C 2 H2 On
Z : HOOC COOH


m 12n C m H m O 12.0,12 0,12 16. 0,07.2 0,05 4,6 gam
n
O trong COOH nO trong CHO

Cu 55: Ancol X (MX = 76) tc dng vi axit cacboxylic Y thu c hp cht Z mch h (X v Y u ch
c mt loi nhm chc). t chy hon ton 17,2 gam Z cn va 14,56 lt kh O2 (ktc), thu c CO2
v H2O theo t l s mol tng ng l 7 : 4. Mt khc, 17,2 gam Z li phn ng va vi 8 gam NaOH
trong dung dch. Bit Z c cng thc phn t trng vi cng thc n gin nht. S cng thc cu to ca Z
tha mn l
A. 1. B. 3. C. 2. D. 4.
( thi minh ha k thi THPT Quc Gia nm 2015 B Gio dc v o To)
Hng dn gii
Ancol X vi M X 78 X l C 3 H 6 (OH)2
Este Z mch h
Axit cacboxylic X
0,65 mol O2

n CO 7x
to
2 mol
17,2 gam Z n
2 H O 4x
0,2 mol NaOH
va

CO2 : 0,7 mol
p dng bo ton khi lng, ta c: 17,2 + 0,65.32 = 44.7x + 18.4x x = 0,1 mol
H2 O : 0,4 mol
p dng bo ton nguyn t O, ta c: nO trong Z 0,65.2 0,7.2 0,5 n O trong Z 0,5 mol

Ngi thy trung bnh ch bit ni. Ngi thy gii bit gii thch,
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Z l C 7 H8 O5
C : H : O 0,7 : 0,8 : 0,5 7 : 8 : 5
k Z 4
Khi theo phng trnh to Z, ta c: C 3 H6 (OH)2 Y
C 7 H8 O5 H2 O

BTNT
Y l C 4 H2 O4 CTCT Y: HOOC-C C-COOH
Mt khc : nZ : n NaOH 1: 2 Z c 2 nhm -COO-
Cc cng thc cu to tha mn Z gm

Cu 56: Hn hp X gm 2 ancol CH3OH, C2H5OH c cng s mol v 2 axit C2H5COOH v


HOOC[CH2]4COOH. t chy hon ton 1,86 gam X cn dng va 10,08 lt khng kh (ktc, 20% O2 v
80% N2 theo th tch) thu c hn hp Y gm kh v hi. Dn Y qua nc vi trong d, sau khi cc phn
ng xy ra hon ton thy khi lng dung dch gim m gam. Gi tr ca m gn nht vi
A. 2,75. B. 4,25. C. 2,25 D. 3,75
( thi minh ha k thi THPT Quc Gia nm 2015 B Gio dc v o To)
Hng dn gii
CH3 OH mol bng nhau

quy i thnh
C 3 H10 O2
C 2 H 5OH
O2 , to CO2 Ca( OH)2 d
1,86 gam X C 2 H 5 COOH C 3 H 6 O2 m dung dch gim
H O
HOOC[CH 2 ]4 COOH C 6 H10 O 4
2


10,08
n khng kh 0, 45 mol
KK: 20% O2 ; 80% N2
n O2 / p chy 0,09 mol
22, 4
3 2 2
Cch 1: Nhn xt: Trong hn hp X: S C = .S O n O trong X n C trong X n CO2
2 3 3
p dng bo ton khi lng v bo ton nguyn t O, ta c:

BTKL
44x 18y 1,86 0,09.32
x 0,075 mol
BTNT O 2
x 2.0,09 2x y y 0,08 mol
3
m mCO2 m H2 O

m dung dch gim 0,075.100 (0,075.44 0,08.18) 2,76 gam


gn nht vi
2,75 gam
Cch 2:
C 3 H10 O2
C O O2 , t o CO2 Ca(OH)2 d
C 3 H 6 O 2
Quy i hn hp
1,86 gam 3 2 m dung dch gim
C H O (C H O ) H 2 H 2 O
6 10 4 3 5 2 2

Ngi thy trung bnh ch bit ni. Ngi thy gii bit gii thch,
Ngi thy xut chng bit minh ha. Ngi thy v i bit cch truyn cm hng
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C 3O2 2O2 3CO2


o
t

x mol 2x mol 68x 2y 1,86 gam x 0,025 mol n 0,075 mol


3x mol


CO2
Khi 1 1
H 2 O2 H2O 2x 2 y 0,09 mol y 0,08 mol
to

y mol 2
y mol
0,5y mol

m mCO2 m H2O

m dung dch gim 0,075.100 (0,075.44 0,08.18) 2,76 gam


gn nht vi
2,75 gam

Cu 57: X l mt axit cacboxylic, Y l mt este hai chc, mch h (c to ra khi cho X phn ng vi ancol
n chc Z). Cho 0,2 mol hn hp gm X v Y phn ng hon ton vi dung dch KHCO3 ly d, thu c
0,11 mol CO2. Mt khc, t chy hon ton 0,2 mol hn hp trn thu c 0,69 mol CO2 v m gam H2O. Gi
tr ca m l
A. 6,21. B. 10,68. C. 14,35. D. 8,82.
( thi th i hc ln 2 THPT Minh Khai H Tnh, nm 2014)
Hng dn gii
KHCO3
CO2 : 0,11 mol
X l C x H y (COOH)2
Do Z n chc 0,2 mol O2 CO2 : 0,69 mol
Y l C x H y (COOC a H b )2 t o

H 2 O : ? gam
COOH KHCO3 CO2 H 2 O COOK
0,11 mol 0,11 mol

n C H (COOH) 0,11 0,055 mol n C H (COOC H ) 0,2 0,055 0,145 mol


X y 2
2 x y a b 2

p dng bo ton nguyn t C, ta c:


a 1
n CO2 0,055.(x 2) 0,145.(x 2 2a) 0,69 mol 0,2x 0,29a 0,29 mol
x 0
2.0,055 2.3.0,145
X l (COOH)2 (y = 0) n H2 O 0,49 mol

BTNT H
2
Y l (COOCH3 )2 (b = 3) m
H2O 0,49.18 8,82 gam

Cu 58: Cho 47 gam hn hp X gm 2 ancol i qua Al2O3, un nng thu c hn hp Y gm: ba ete, 0,27
mol olefin, 0,33 mol hai ancol d v 0,42 mol H 2O. Bit rng hiu sut tch nc to mi olefin i vi mi
ancol u nh nhau v s mol ete l bng nhau. Khi lng ca hai ancol d c trong hn hp Y l a gam. Gi
tr ca a gn gi tr no nht sau y?
A. 14,5 B. 17,5 C. 18,5 D. 15,5
( thi th THPT Quc Gia ln 3 Kha luyn Moon.vn H Ni, nm 2015)
Hng dn gii
Ancol Anken H 2 O
o
t


mol: 0,27 0,27 0,27
47 gam Ancol n Ancol ban u 0,27 0,3 0,33 0,9 mol

o

t
2Ancol 3 ete + H 2 O

mol : 0,3 0,15 0,15
47 C H OH : (0,9 x) mol
M ancol 52,22
Ancol tch H2 O to anken nn no, n
C 2
X gm 2 5
0,9 R OH : x mol

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Ngi thy xut chng bit minh ha. Ngi thy v i bit cch truyn cm hng
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Do s mol cc ete l bng nhau nn s mol cc ancol to ete cng l bng nhau ( = 0,15 mol).
0, 27
Mt khc, nanken 0, 27 mol H% to anken = .100 30%.
0, 9
0,15 mol to ete 3
Khi vi R OH gm nROH d x 0,3x 0,15 0,7x 0,15 0 x .
0,3x to anken 14
Theo gi thuyt, ta c:
3
x 5,6
46.(0,9 x) M ROH .x 47 gam (M 46)x 5,6 14
M 46 M 72 (vy l C 3 H7 OH)
3 / 14
Vi C3 H7 OH (M = 60) 46.(0,9 x) 60x 47 gam x = 0, 4 mol
C H OH d : 0,7.0,4 0,15 0,13 mol
Vy 0,33 mol 3 7
C 2 H5OH : 0,2 mol
mancol d 0,13.60 0,2.46 17 gam
gn nht
17,5 gam

Cu 59: Hn hp X gm tripanmitin, tristearin, axit acrylic, axit oxalic, p-HO-C6H4CH2OH (s mol p-


HOC6H4CH2OH = s mol axit acrylic + s mol axit oxalic). Cho 56,4112 gam X tc dng hon ton vi 58,5 gam
dung dch NaOH 40%, c cn dung dch sau phn ng th thu c m gam cht rn v phn hi c cha cht hu c
chim 2,916% v khi lng. Mt khc, t chy hon ton 0,2272 mol X th cn 37,84256 lt O2 (ktc) v thu
c 18,0792 gam H2O. Gi tr ca m gn nht vi gi tr no sau y ?
A. 68. B. 70. C. 72. D. 67.
Hng dn gii

RCOO 3 C 3 H 5 : x mol RCOO 3 C 3 H 5 : x mol

C 2 H 2 O 4 : y mol C 2 H 2 O 4 C 7 H8 O2
Quy i hn hp
quy i
C 4,5 H 5O3 : y mol
3 4 2
C H O : z mol 2
C H O : (y z) mol C 3 H 4 O2 C 7 H8 O2
7 8 2 C 5 H6 O2 : z mol
2
Gi k l h s t lng ca hn hp X th nghim 1 vi th nghim 2, khi ta c:
Phn ng vi O2: nCO nH O 3 1 .n hh nCO 1, 4588 mol BTKL
mhh 28,2056 gam k 2
2 2 2

Theo gi thuyt v bo ton nguyn t O, ta c:



n hh x y z 0,2272.2 mol x 0,0144 mol
BTNT O
6x 3y 2z 0,5432.2 mol y 0,12 mol


92x
0,02916 z 0,32 mol
92x 1,5.18y 18z 35,1
0,0144
p dng bo ton khi lng, ta c: m rn 56, 4112 58,5 .92 69, 48 gam
gn nht
70 gam
0,02916
m phn hi

Cu 60: t chy hon ton 0,25 mol hn hp X gm ba ancol, cn dng va V lt O2, thu c H2O v
12,32 lt CO2. Mt khc, cho 0,5 mol X trn tc dng ht vi Na, sau khi cc phn ng xy ra hon ton thu
c 12,32 lt H2. Cc th tch kh u o ktc. Gi tr ca V gn nht vi gi tr no sau y?
A. 12,31. B. 15,11. C. 17,91. D. 8,95.
( thi th THPT Quc Gia ln 4 THPT Chuyn i hc Vinh Ngh An, nm 2015)

Ngi thy trung bnh ch bit ni. Ngi thy gii bit gii thch,
Ngi thy xut chng bit minh ha. Ngi thy v i bit cch truyn cm hng
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Hng dn gii
Na 12,32
+ Th nghim 2: 0,5 mol X H2 : 0,55 mol n OH trong X 2n H2 1,1 mol
22,4
1,1
n OH trong X 0,55 mol
+ Th nghim 1: Dng 0,25 mol X 2 X lun c s C = s nhm OH.
n CO 0,55 mol
2
Vy hn hp X phi gm cc ancol no (k = 0) n X n H2O nCO2 n H2O 0,25 0,55 0,8 mol
2n CO2 n H2O n O trong X 2.0,55 0,8 0,55
p dng bo ton nguyn t O, ta c: n O2 0,675 mol
2 2
VO2 0,675.22,4 15,12 lt
gn nht
15,11 lt

Cu 61: Cho X l axit cacboxylic n chc, mch h, trong phn t c mt lin kt i C=C; Y v Z l hai
axit cacboxylic u no, n chc, mch h, ng ng k tip (MY < MZ). Cho 23,02 gam hn hp E gm X,
Y v Z tc dng va vi 230 ml dung dch NaOH 2M, thu c dung dch F. C cn F, thu c m gam
cht rn khan G. t chy hon ton G bng O2 d, thu c Na2CO3, hn hp T gm kh v hi. Hp th
ton b T vo bnh nc vi trong d, sau khi cc phn ng xy ra hon ton khi lng bnh tng thm
22,04 gam. Khi lng cht Z trong 23,02 gam E gn gi tr no nht sau y ?
A. 3,5 gam. B. 2,0 gam. C. 17,0 gam. D. 22,0 gam.
( thi th THPT Quc Gia ln 2 THPT Minh Khai H Tnh, nm 2015)
Hng dn gii
23, 02
+ Do E gm cc cht n chc n E n NaOH 0, 23.2 0, 46 mol M E 50, 04
0, 46
E c cha HCOOH Y l HCOOH v Z l CH3COOH
+ Khi E tc dng vi NaOH, p dng tng gim khi lng ta c:
mG 23, 02 (23 1).0, 46 33,14 gam
O2 , t o CO
G Na 2 CO3 CO2 H 2 O T gm 2 khi lng bnh tng chnh l khi lng CO2 v H2O
H 2 O
p dng bo ton khi lng, ta c:
33,14 mO2 106.0, 23 22, 04 mO2 13, 28 gam n O2 0, 415 mol
p dng bo ton nguyn t Na, ta c : n Na 2CO3 0, 23 mol
Theo gi thuyt v bo ton nguyn t O, ta c:
44n CO 2 18n H2O 22,04 gam
n CO 2 0,37 mol

n H trong G 0,64 mol

2n CO 2
n H 2 O 0, 46.2 0, 415.2 0,23.3 mol n
2 H O 0,32 mol
E NaOH G H2 O

mol : 0, 46 0, 46
p dng bo ton nguyn t C v H, ta c :
n C 0, 23 0,37 0,6 mol
1,1
n H trong E n NaOH n H trong G 2n H2 O n H trong E 1,1 mol n H2O (E) 0, 55 mol
2
0,46 0,64 2.0,46

X (k = 2) O2 , t o n X n CO2 n H2O 0,6 0,55 0,05 mol



E
Y, Z (k = 1) n YZ 0, 46 0,05 0, 41 mol

p dng bo ton nguyn t C cho phn ng t chy E, ta c : CX .0, 05 CY,Z .0, 41 0, 6 mol
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Ngi thy xut chng bit minh ha. Ngi thy v i bit cch truyn cm hng
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Mt khc CY,Z 1 CX .0, 05 0, 6 0, 41 CX 3,8 CX 3 (CH 2 CH COOH)


Khi , theo gi thuyt v bo ton nguyn t C ta c :
n HCOOH n CH3COOH 0, 41 mol
n HCOOH 0,37 mol


n HCOOH 2n CH3COOH 0, 6 3.0, 05 mol
n CH3COOH 0, 04 mol
Vy mCH3COOH trong E 0,04.60 2, 4 gam
gn nht
2,0 gam

Cu 62: t chy 0,15 mol hn hp gm metyl acrylat, etilen glicol, axetanehit v ancol metylic cn dng a
mol O2. Sn phm chy dn qua 200 ml dung dch Ca(OH)2 1M, lc b kt ta, cho dung dch Ba(OH)2 d vo
phn dung dch nc lc thu thm c 53,46 gam kt ta. Gi tr ca a gn nht vi gi tr no sau y?
A. 0,50. B. 0,45. C. 0,60. D. 0,55.
Hng dn gii
Cch 1:
Gii quyt d kin lng kt ta: Do Ca(HCO3 )2 Ba(OH)2 CaCO3 BaCO3 2H2 O
BaCO3 : x mol
CaCO3 (1) : 0,02 mol
53,46 gam x 0,18 mol BTNT Ca

BTNT C
nCO2 0,38 mol
CaCO3 : x mol
Ca(HCO3 )2 : 0,18 mol
Comment: Do bi hi v s mol O2 khi phi tm cch biu din phn ng t chy ca hn hp theo quy
lut nht nh c lp s mol O2. Mt khc, cho thng tin v s mol CO2, m khng h nhc ti s mol
H2O tng biu din hn hp theo H2O do nhn thy cc cht c 2O th hn cc cht c 1O lun l 2H.
C 4 H6 O2 C 4 H 2 .2H 2 O

C 2 H6 O2 C 2 H 2 .2H 2 O Quy thnh
Hn hp gm 0,15 mol C n H2 .mH2 O : 0,15 mol
C 2 H 4 O C 2 H 2 .H 2 O
CH O CH .H O
4 2 2

Do H2O chy khng cn O2 s mol O2 cn t chy C n H2 .mH2 O = s mol O2 cn t chy C n H2


1 to
C n H 2 n O2 nCO2 H 2 O 0,38 0,38 1
Vy: 2 n n O2 .0,15 0,455 mol
mol : 0,15 0,15 0,15 2
0,15n 0,38
C 4 H6 O2 (k = 2)

C 2 H6 O2 (k = 0) cc u c
Cch 2: Nhn xt hn hp gm k = s C S O n nC nO/hn hp
C 2 H 4 O (k = 1)
CH O (k = 0)
4
Gii quyt d kin lng kt ta: Do Ca(HCO3 )2 Ba(OH)2
CaCO3 BaCO3 2H2 O
BaCO3 : x mol
CaCO3 (1) : 0,02 mol
53,46 gam x 0,18 mol BTNT Ca

BTNT C
nCO2 0,38 mol
CaCO3 : x mol
Ca(HCO3 )2 : 0,18 mol
p dng mi lin h bt bo ha k v bo ton nguyn O, ta c:
n CO2 n H2O (k 1)n hn hp n n hn hp
0,38 n H2O n 0,15 (1)

2n CO2 n H2O 2n O2 n O/hn hp
n C n 0,76 n H2O 2n O2 (0,38 n ) (2)

0,76 0,15
Ly (1) + (2) v theo v ta c : 0,76 2nO2 0,15 nO2 0,455 mol
2

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Ngi thy xut chng bit minh ha. Ngi thy v i bit cch truyn cm hng
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Cau 63: Chia hon hp X gom glyxin va mot so axit cacboxylic thanh hai phan bang nhau. Phan mot tac dung
vi dung dch NaOH va u roi co can. ot chay toan bo lng muoi sinh ra bang mot lng oxi va u thu
c hon hp kh Y gom CO2, H2O, N2 va 10,6 gam Na2CO3. Cho toan bo hon hp kh Y qua bnh ng
dung dch Ca(OH)2 d thu c 34 gam ket tua ong thi thay khoi lng bnh tang them 20,54 gam so vi
ban au. Phan hai tac dung va u vi 40 ml dung dch HCl 1M. Cac phan ng xay ra hoan toan, coi nh N2
khong b nc hap thu. Thanh phan phan tram khoi lng cua glyxin trong hon hp X la
A. 25,73%. B. 24,00%. C. 25,30%. D. 22,97%.
( thi th THPT Quc gia ln 5 Thy Nguyn Vn Duyn TP H Ch Minh, nm 2015)
Hng dn gii

H 2 N CH 2 COOH HCl ClH 3N CH 2 COOH
Phan 2:

mol : 0,04 0,04
n
T ay theo bo ton nguyn t N suy ra so mol N2 tao thanh khi ot chay glyxin la : n N2 Glyxin 0,02 mol
2
Phan 1: X l san pham chay ta c
34 (20,54 0,34.44) 10,6
nCO nCaCO 0,34 mol, n H O 0,31 mol va n Na CO 0,1 mol.
2 3
100 2
18 2 3
106
p dng bo ton nguyn t Na, ta c: nNaOH 2nNa2CO3 = 2.0,1 = 0,2 mol.

COOH + NaOH COONa + H2 O
Theo quy lut phn ng, ta c:
mol : 0,02 0,02
0,02 0,02
p dng bao toan nguyen to oxi cho qua trnh ot chay muoi ta co:
2 n COONa 2n O2 3n Na2CO3 2 n CO2 n H2O n O2 0,445 mol
0,2 0,1 0,34 0,31

Ap dung nh luat bao toan khoi lng cho qua trnh ot chay muoi, ta co:
mmuoi mO mNa CO mCO mH O mN m muoi 10,6 + 20,54 + 0,02.28 0,445.32 = 17,46 gam.
2 2 3 2 2 2

Ap dung nh luat bao toan khoi lng cho qua trnh phan ng cua hon hp X vi dung dch NaOH:
m X mNaOH mmuoi m H O mX = 17,46 + 0,2.18 0,2.40 = 13,06 gam.
2

0,04.75
Thanh phan phan tram khoi lng cua glyxin trong hon hp X la: %m glyxin .100% 22,97%
13,06
Comment: Cu ny tng i kh, khi thit k cu ny Thy mnh cho H2NCH2COOH 0,04 (mol), CH3
COOH 0,04 (mol), CH2=CHCOOH 0,02 (mol), HCOOH 0,04 (mol) v C4H8(COOH)2 0,03 (mol). Ci kh ca
cu ny ch l hc sinh phi tri qua nhiu bc tnh v khi bo ton khi lng cho qu trnh t chy
mui, hc sinh s sut s b qun N2, khi dn n tm khi lng mui s l 16,9 gam dn n tm ra khi
lng hn hp X l 12,5 gam s chn p n B 24%. Vic ny Thy mnh tin on cho s hc sinh kh gii khi
tham gia gii thi ch nh li th Thy mnh b tay .

Cau 64: Thuy phan hoan toan 4,84 gam este A bang mot lng dung dch NaOH va u, roi co can ch thu
c hi H2O va hon hp X gom hai muoi. ot chay toan bo lng muoi tren can va ung 6,496 lt O2
(ktc), thu c 4,24 gam Na2CO3; 5,376 lt CO2 (ktc) va 1,8 gam H2O. Thanh phan phan tram khoi lng
cua muoi co khoi lng phan t nho hn trong hon hp X la
A. 27,46%. B. 54,92%. C. 36,61%. D. 63,39%.
( thi th THPT Quc gia ln 5 Thy Nguyn Vn Duyn TP H Ch Minh, nm 2015)
Hng dn gii
Ap dung nh luat bao toan khoi lng cho qua trnh ot chay muoi ta co:
Ngi thy trung bnh ch bit ni. Ngi thy gii bit gii thch,
Ngi thy xut chng bit minh ha. Ngi thy v i bit cch truyn cm hng
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5,376 6, 496
mmuoi mO mNa CO mCO mH O mmuoi = 4,24 + 44. + 1,8 32. = 7,32 gam.
2 2 3 2 2
22, 4 22, 4
Thuy phan este A thu c hon hp hi nc va hon hp X gom hai muoi cho thay A la este cua phenol.
Ap dung nh luat bao toan khoi lng cho qua trnh thuy phan este A ta co:
mA mNaOH mmuoi m H O 4,84 + 0,08.40 = 7,32 + m H O m H O = 0,72 gam.
2 2 2

Tm cong thc n gian cua A:


+ mC = m C/CO2 mC/ Na2CO3 = 12.(5,376 : 22,4) + 12.(4,24 : 106) = 3,36 gam.
+ mH = m H/H2O ( thuy phan ) mH/H2O ( ot chay muoi ) mH/NaOH = 2.(0,72 : 18) + 2.(1,8 : 18) 0,08.1 = 0,2 gam.
+ mO = 4,84 ( 3,36 + 0,2 ) = 1,28 gam.
3,36 0, 2 1, 28
at cong thc cua A la CxHyOz, ta co t le x : y : z = : : = 7 : 5 : 2.
12 1 16
Cong thc n gian cua A la (C7H5O2)n. Xet n = 2, ta co cong thc phan t cua A la C14H10O4.
So mol cua A la: n = 4,84 : 242 = 0,02 mol.
T le mol nA: nNaOH = 0,02 : 0,08 = 1 : 4 A la este 2 chc co cha 2 goc phenyl.
Cong chc cau tao cua A la : (COOC6H5)2 (iphenyl oxalat)
t0
(COOC6H5)2 + 4NaOH (COONa)2 + 2C6H5ONa + 2H2O
0,02 0,08 0,02 0,04
0, 04.116
Thanh phan phan tram khoi lng cua C6H5ONa: %m C H ONa .100% 62,39%
6 5
7,32

Cau 65: Hon hp X gom mot so hp chat hu c ben, moi chat ch cha 2 nhom chc trong 3 nhom chc
ancol, anehit, axit, ngoai ra khong co nhom chc nao khac va khi ot chay V lt moi chat eu thu c 2V lt
CO2. Chia 31,44 gam hon hp X thanh ba phan bang nhau. Cho phan mot tac dung vi mot lng dung dch
NaHCO3 va u thu c 2,24 lt CO2 (ktc). Cho phan hai tac dung vi mot lng Na va u thu c 2,128
lt H2 (ktc). Cho phan ba tac dung vi mot lng d dung dch AgNO3/NH3 thu c m gam Ag. Cac phan
ng xay ra hoan toan. Gia tr cua m la
A. 25,92. B. 21,60. C. 23,76. D. 24,84.
( thi th THPT Quc gia ln 5 Thy Nguyn Vn Duyn TP H Ch Minh, nm 2015)
Hng dn gii
ot chay V lt moi chat thu c 2V lt CO2 Cac chat nay cha 2 nguyen t cacbon trong phan t.
Theo e bai moi chat cha 2 nhom chc trong ba nhom chc ancol, anehit va axit nen tong the ta co 6 chat:
HOCH2CH2OH, CHOCHO, HOOCCOOH, CH2OHCHO, CH2OHCOOH, CHOCOOH.
Tom lai 6 chat c ket cau bi CH2OH, CHO va COOH khong con C va H t do. Nh vay khoi lng
hon hp nay chnh la khoi lng cua 3 nhom chc tren.
Phan 1: COOH + NaHCO3 COONa + CO2 + H2O
0,1 0,1 = 2,24 : 22,4
Phan 2:
COOH + Na COONa + 0,5H2 CH2OH + Na ONa + 0,5H2
0,1 0,05 0,09 0,045 =
2,128
0,05
22,4
31,44
T ay tnh c khoi lng nhom CHO phan 3: m = (0,1.45 + 0,09.31) = 3,19 gam.
3

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Ngi thy xut chng bit minh ha. Ngi thy v i bit cch truyn cm hng
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3,19
Suy ra so mol CHO la: n = = 0,11 mol.
29
S o hp thc phan ng trang gng cua cac chat: CHO 2Ag
0,11 0,22
Khoi lng Ag: m = 0,22.108 = 23,76 gam.
Comment: Cau nay rat kho, t gia thuyet cua e bai hoc sinh phai tong quat c cac chat c cau tao
thuan tuy bi CH2OH, CHO va COOH, viec nay khong phai de. V vay mnh ngh khong co may hoc sinh
giai c cau nay ! Ngoai 6 chat nay theo kien thc tren ai Hoc se co them mot so chat na, tuy nhien e thi
yeu cau cac chat ch cha 2 nhom chc trong 3 nhom chc ancol, anehit, axit nen ch co 6 chat tren.

Cau 66: Thuy phan 17,2 gam este n chc A trong 50 gam dung dch NaOH 28% thu c dung dch X. Co
can dung dch X thu c chat ran Y va 42,4 gam chat long Z. Cho toan bo chat long Z tac dung vi mot
lng Na d thu c 24,64 lt H2 (ktc). un toan bo chat ran Y vi CaO thu c m gam chat kh B. Cac
phan ng xay ra hoan toan. Gia tr cua m la
A. 5,60. B. 4,20. C. 6,00. D. 4,50.
( thi th THPT Quc gia ln 5 Thy Nguyn Vn Duyn TP H Ch Minh, nm 2015)
Hng dn gii
28.50 14
Khoi lng NaOH nguyen chat: mct = = 14 gam nNaOH = = 0,35 mol.
100 40
36
Khoi lng H2O: m = 50 14 = 36 gam n H O = = 2 mol.
2 18
0
at cong thc chung cua este la RCOOR (x mol): RCOOR + NaOH t
RCOONa + ROH
x x x x
Chat long Z gom: ROH (x mol) va H2O (2 mol) tac dung vi Na:
H2O + Na NaOH + 0,5H2 ROH + Na RONa + 0,5H2
mol : 2 1 24,64
0,2 0,1 = 1
22, 4
Ta co: 2.18 + 0,2.(MR + 17) = 42,4 MR = 15 (CH3).
Khoi lng este: 0,2.(MR + 44 + 15) = 17,2 MR = 27 (CH2=CH).
Cong thc cau tao cua A la: CH2=CHCOOCH3 (metyl acrylat).
Chat ran Y gom: CH2=CHCOONa 0,2 (mol) va NaOH d 0,35 0,2 = 0,15 (mol) un vi CaO:
CaO, t 0
CH2=CHCOONa + NaOH CH2=CH2 + Na2CO3
Trc phan ng: 0,2 0,15
Phan ng: 0,15 0,15
Khoi lng chat kh B: m = 0,15.28 = 4,2 gam.
Comment: Cau nay thc ra th khong kho tuy nhien phan ong cac ban lam sai: Th nhat cac ban se b lan
can chat long Z gom nc va ancol, theo loi mon th khi chng cat tac gia ra e thi se chng cat phan oan
(da vao nhiet o soi khac nhau cua cac chat e tach rieng cac chat) e co lap nc ra khoi ancol nhng ay
Thay khong chng cat phan oan e tach rieng nc va ancol. V vay cac ban kho long tm c cong thc cua
ancol. Th hai khi a tm c cong thc cua ancol va axit roi en khi tnh khoi lng CH 2=CH2 hoc sinh se
khong da vao so mol NaOH d 0,15 mol e keo ma da vao so mol CH2=CHCOONa 0,2 mol keo se dan en
ap an A la 5,6 gam. Phan ong hoc sinh kha gioi se mac phai ieu nay.

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Cau 67: Thuy phan m gam hon hp X gom este n chc A (C5H8O2) va este nh chc B (C6H10O4) can va
ung 150 ml dung dch NaOH 1M roi co can thu c hon hp Y gom hai muoi va hon hp Z gom hai ancol
no n chc ong ang ke tiep, ngoai ra khong cha san pham hu c nao khac. Cho toan bo hon hp Z tac
dung vi mot lng CuO (d) nung nong thu c hon hp hi T (co t khoi hi so vi H 2 la 13,75). Cho
toan bo hon hp T tac dung vi mot lng d dung dch AgNO3/NH3 thu c 32,4 gam Ag. Cac phan ng
xay ra hoan toan. Thanh phan phan tram khoi lng muoi co khoi lng phan t nh hn trong hon hp Y la
A. 38,84%. B. 48,61%. C. 42,19%. D. 41,23%.
( thi th THPT Quc gia ln 5 Thy Nguyn Vn Duyn TP H Ch Minh, nm 2015)
Hng dn gii
to
at cong thc chung cua hai ancol la: Cn H2n 2 O a (mol): Cn H2n 2 O + [O] C H O + H2O
n 2n

a.(14n 16) a.18 CH3 OH : x mol


Theo e bai ta co: = 13,75.2 n = 1,5 Z
(a a) C 2 H5 OH : x mol
CuO, t o HCHO AgNO3 /NH3
Z 32, 4 gam Ag (4x 2x) 108 32,4 gam x = 0,05 mol
CH3 CHO
Thuy phan hon hp X thu c CH3OH va C2H5OH Cong thc cau tao cua este nh chc B (C6H10O4) la:
C2H5OCOCOOC2H5 hoac CH3OCOCH2COOC2H5 hoac CH3OCOCH2CH2COOCH3.

a. Trng hp 1: B la C2H5OCOCOOC2H5 va A la este mach h:


V B thuy phan tao ra C2H5OH A thuy phan tao ra CH3OH Cong thc cau tao thu gon cua A la:
C3H5COOCH3
Phan ng thuy phan A va B:
0
C3H5COOCH3 + NaOH t
C3H5COONa + CH3OH
0,05 0,05
0
C2H5OCOCOOC2H5 + 2NaOH t
(COONa)2 + 2C2H5OH
0,05 0,05
So mol NaOH phan ng: n = 0,05 + 0,05 = 0,1 (mol) 0,15 (mol) (Loai)

b. Trng hp 2: B la CH3OCOCH2CH2COOCH3 va A la este mach h:


V B thuy phan tao ra CH3OH A thuy phan tao ra C2H5OH
Cong thc cau tao thu gon cua A la: CH2=CHCOOC2H5
Phan ng thuy phan A va B:
0
CH2=CHCOOC2H5 + NaOH t
C3H5COONa + C2H5OH
0,05 0,05
0
CH3OCOCH2CH2COOCH3 + 2NaOH t
(CH2COONa)2 +
2CH3OH
0,05
0,05
So mol NaOH phan ng: n = 0,05 + 0,05 = 0,1 (mol) 0,15 (mol) (Loai

c. Trng hp 3: B la CH3OCOCH2COOC2H5 va A la este mach h:


V B thuy phan tao ra C2H5OH va CH3OH A thuy phan tao ra CH3OH hoac C2H5OH
Trng hp 1: A thuy phan tao ra CH3OH Cong thc cau tao thu gon cua A la: C3H5COOCH3
Phan ng thuy phan A va B:
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0
C3H5COOCH3 + NaOH
t
C3H5COONa + CH3OH
0
CH3OCOCH2COOC2H5 + 2NaOH t
CH2(COONa)2 + CH3OH +
C2H5OH
Trng hp nay vo l v so mol cua CH3OH va C2H5OH 2 phng trnh phan ng la khac nhau nhng theo
e bai th so mol 2 ancol nay la bang nhau la 0,05 (mol)
Trng hp 2: A thuy phan tao ra C2H5OH Cong thc cau tao thu gon cua A la: CH2=CHCOOC2H5
Phan ng thuy phan A va B:
0
CH2=CHCOOC2H5 + NaOH
t
CH2=CHCOONa + C2H5OH
0
CH3OCOCH2COOC2H5 + 2NaOH t
CH2(COONa)2 + CH3OH +
C2H5OH
Tng t trng hp 1 trng hp nay cung vo l.
d. Trng hp 4: B la CH3OCOCH2COOC2H5 va A la este mach vong:
Phan ng thuy phan A va B:
Phng trnh phan ng thuy phan A:
CH2 CH2 C O
0
+ NaOH t
HOCH2CH2CH2CH2COONa
CH2 CH2 O
(0,15 0,1) = 0,05 0,05
0
CH3OCOCH2COOC2H5 + 2NaOH t
CH2(COONa)2 + CH3OH +
C2H5OH
0,1 0,05 0,05 0,05
Hon hp muoi Y gom: HOCH2CH2CH2CH2COONa 0,05 (mol) va CH2(COONa)2 0,05 (mol)
Thanh phan phan tram khoi lng muoi co khoi lng phan t nho la HOCH2CH2CH2CH2COONa:
0, 05.140
%m HOCH CH CH CH COONa .100% 48,61% .
2 2 2 2 (0, 05.140 0, 05.148)

Comment: Cau nay rat kho. That ra mnh giai dai, chi tit tng minh cho cac ban hieu, hoc sinh nao tinh y
cac ban se thay neu este A thuy phan tao ra ancol th so mol cua CH 3OH va C2H5OH la khong bang nhau nh
e thi a cho.

Cau 68: Cho m gam hon hp X gom mot peptit A va mot amino axit B ( MA > 4MB) c tron theo t le mol
1 : 1 tac dung vi mot lng dung dch NaOH va u thu c dung dch Y cha (m + 12,24) gam hon hp
muoi natri cua glyxin va alanin. Dung dch Y phan ng toi a vi 360 ml dung dch HCl 2M thu c dung
dch Z cha 63,72 gam hon hp muoi. Cac phan ng xay ra hoan toan. Ket luan nao sau ay ung?
A. T le so phan t glyxin va alanin trong phan t A la 3 : 2.
B. A co thanh phan tram khoi lng nit la 20,29%.
C. B co thanh phan phan tram khoi lng nit la 15,73%.
D. A co 5 lien ket peptit.
( thi th THPT Quc gia ln 5 Thy Nguyn Vn Duyn TP H Ch Minh, nm 2015)
Hng dn gii
Trong qua trnh nay ta co nHCl = 2nNaOH nNaOH = (0,36.2): 2 = 0,36 (mol).
Dung dch Z cha: NH3ClCH2COOH a (mol) va CH3CH(NH3Cl)COOH b (mol)
111,5a 125,5b 0,36.58,5 63, 72
a 0,18
Ta co:
a b 0,36 n HCl 0, 72
b 0,18

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Dung dch Y cha: H2NCH2COONa 0,18 (mol) va CH3CH(NH2)COONa 0,18 (mol).


Khoi lng hon hp muoi : 0,18.97 + 0,18.111 = m + 12,24 m = 25,2 gam.
at so phan t -amino axit trong phan t peptit A la n, so mol cua A va B trong hon hp X la x (mol) va x
(mol)
A + nNaOH t0
Muoi + H2O B + NaOH Muoi + H2O
x nx x x x x
Ap dung nh luat bao toan khoi lng ta co: m + 0,36.40 = (m + 12,24) + 2x.18 x = 0,06
Ta co: nx + x = nNaOH = 0,36 n = 5 A la pentapeptit.
Ta co : 0,06.MA + 0,06.MB = 25,2 MA + MB = 420
Trng hp 1: MA = 331 = (3.75 + 2.89 4.18) va MB = 89 (Alanin) (loai v MA cha ln hn 4 lan MB)
Trng hp 2: MA = 345 = (2.75 + 3.89 4.18) va MB = 75 (Glyxin) (nhan v MA = 4,6MB)
A la pentapeptit c cau tao bi 2 phan t glyxin vi 3 phan t alanin va B la glyxin.
ap an A (Sai) v t le so phan t glyxin va alanin trong phan t A la 2 : 3.
14.5
ap an B (ung): Thanh phan phan tram khoi lng nit trong A la: %m N .100% = 20,29%.
345
14.1
ap an C (Sai) v thanh phan phan tram khoi lng nit trong phan t B la: %m N .100% = 18,67%.
75
ap an D (Sai) v A co 4 lien ket peptit.
Comment: Theo loi mon tac gia ra e thi cho luon so lien ket peptit th hoc sinh tham gia giai co phan nao
nhe nhang, tuy nhien neu tac gia ra e thi khong cho san so lien ket peptit th hoc sinh khi tham gia giai cha c
chan se gap kho khan nh trong cau nay. Mot so hoc sinh kha gioi sau khi tm c so lien ket peptit trong A
en oan MA + MB = 420, do thi gian lam bai thi co gii han, mot so hoc sinh thay trng hp 1, khong xet
ieu kien MA > 4MB nen dan en chon ap an A hoac C.
Cu 69: Khi thy phn hon ton mt peptit mch h X (M = 346) thu c hn hp 3 amino axit l glyxin,
alanin v axit glutamic. Cho 43,25 gam peptit X tc dng vi 600 ml dung dch HCl 1M thu uc dung dch Y.
tc dng ht vi cc cht trong Y dng va dung dch cha KOH thu c dung dch Z. C cn dung
dch Z thu c x gam mui. Gi tr ca x l
A. 118,450. B. 118,575. C. 70,675. D. 119,075.
( thi th THPT Quc Gia ln 2 THPT Chuyn Bn Tre Bn Tre, nm 2015)
Hng dn gii
+ MX = 346 = 147 + 2.89 + 75 3.18 X l Glu Ala Ala Gly
Cch 1:
Glu Ala Ala Gly 4HCl 3H 2 O dung dch Y
43,25
mol: 0,125 0,5 0,375
346
HOOC CH(NH3Cl) [CH 2 ]2 COOH : 0,125 mol

CH3 CH(NH3Cl) COOH 0,25 mol
BT gc Ala
Khi : dung dch Y gm:
KOH

ClH3 N CH 2 COOH : 0,125 mol
HCl d : 0,1 mol

KOOC CH(NH 2 ) [CH 2 ]2 COOK : 0,125 mol

CH3 CH(NH 2 ) COOK : 0,25 mol

H 2 N CH 2 COOK : 0,125 mol


KCl BTNT Cl
0,1 mol

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m rn 0,125.223 0,25.127 0,125.113 0,6.74.5 118,45 gam


Cch 2:
Trong Chuyn Amin Amino axit Peptit mnh tng kt trng hp: khi cho hn hp amino axit
phn ng vi axit thu c dung dch, ly dung dch thu c phn ng vi dung dch NaOH. Khi quy i
hn hp sau phn ng thnh chnh amino axit v axit ban u.
Glu Ala Ala Gly : 0,125 mol
Theo ta c: Dung dch Y quy i thnh
HCl : 0,6 mol
Glu Ala Ala Gly 5KOH
Mui + H 2O

mol : 0,125 0,625 0,25
Khi theo quy lut phn ng, ta c:
HCl KOH KCl H 2O
mol : 0,6 0,6

p dng bo ton khi lng cho phn ng thy phn peptit, ta c:
m mui ca amino axit 43,25 0,625.56 0,25.18 73,75 gam
m mui 73,75 0,6.74,5 118, 45 gam
Lu : Do axit glutamic c 2 nhm COOH nn c thm 1 gc COOH phn ng vi NaOH sinh thm 1H2O.

Cu 70: Thy phn hon ton m gam peptit mch h X (c to bi cc - amino axit no, cha 1 nhm
COOH v 1 nhm NH2) bng dung dch NaOH va , c cn cn thn thu c c cht rn Y. t chy
hon ton Y bng lng oxi va thu c hn hp Z gm kh v hi. a Z v ktc thy c th tch l
82,432 lt. Mt khc, nu t chy m gam X cn 107,52 lt O2 (ktc). Bit rng s lin kt peptit trong X l 11.
Gi tr ca m l
A. 80,80. B. 117,76. C. 96,64. D. 79,36.
( thi th THPT Quc Gia ln 1 Din n Ha hc Ph thng Bookgol, nm 2015)
Hng dn gii
Nhn xt: Do s C v O trong X v Y l khng i nn t chy Y th lng O2 cn dng cng chnh bng
lng O2 cn dng t chy X. Khi , do cc - amino axit no, cha 1 nhm COOH v 1 nhm NH2 nn
cng thc tng qut ca Y l : CnH2nO2Nna.
3.(2n 1)
2C n H 2n O2 NNa O2
to
Na 2 CO3 (2n 1)CO 2 N 2 2nH 2O
2
107,52 4,8
mol : 4,8 3,2
22, 4 1,5
+ Hn hp kh cn li sau khi a Z v iu kin tiu chun gm CO2 v N2.
82, 432
n N2 3,2 0, 48 mol
22, 4 .
n Na CO n N 0, 48 mol
2 3 2

Ti y, c th th da vo phng trnh phn ng t chy trn hoc theo bo ton nguyn t O suy ra s
mol H2O. Theo phng trnh, ta c : n H2O nCO2 n N2 3,68 mol .
p dng bo ton khi lng, ta c : m A 3,2.44 0,48.28 3,68.18 0,48.106 4,8.32 117,76 gam
mCO2 m N2 mH2O mNa2CO3 mO2

Mt khc, n N trong X n N trong Y 0,48.2 0,96 mol v n N trong X n NaOH phn ng thy phn peptit
Theo , do X c 11 lin kt peptit nn theo quy lut thy phn peptit, ta c :

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X 12NaOH
Mui H 2O

0,96
BTKL
m X 117,76 1, 44 38, 4 80,8 gam
gam : 0,96.40 117,76 .18
12

Cu 71: Thy phn hon ton m gam hn hp M gm tetrapeptit X v pentapeptit Y (u mch h) bng
dung dch KOH va , ri c cn cn thn th thu c (m + 11,42) gam hn hp mui khan ca Val v
Ala. t chy hon ton mui sinh ra bng mt lng oxi va thu c K2CO3; 2,464 lt N2 (ktc) v
50,96 gam hn hp gm CO2 v H2O. Phn trm khi lng ca Y trong hn hp M c th l
A. 55,24%. B. 54,54%. C. 45,98%. D. 64,59%.
( thi th THPT Quc Gia ln 4 THPT Chuyn i hc Vinh Ngh An, nm 2015)
Hng dn gii
C 3 H 6 O2 NNa
tetrapeptit X C x H y O 5 N 4 : a mol mui ca alanin
m gam
KOH
(m 11,42) + H2O
pentapeptit Y C n H m O6 N 5 : b mol C 5 H10 O2 NNa
mui ca Valin
p dng bo ton khi lng v bo ton nguyn t N, ta c:
m 56(4a 5b) m 11,42 18(a b) 206a 262b 11,42 gam
a 0,03 mol
m KOH m m H2 O
b 0,02 mol
mui

n 4a 5b 0,11.2 mol
N
n KOH phn ng 0,22 mol BTNT K
n Na CO 0,11 mol 2 3

C 3 H6 O2 NK

O , t
K 2 CO3 CO 2 H 2 O N 2
o

(m 11,42) Y 2

C 5 H10 O2 NK 0,11 mol 50,96 gam 0,11 mol

p dng bo ton khi lng cho hn hp Y, ta c:


n C 0,11 n CO 12 0,11 n CO 2n H O 18,7 m 11,42 gam

2
m m m
2 2

n H 2n H O
O N K

Y 2
44n CO 18n H O 50,96 gam
n 2 n H C

n O/ trong mui 2.0,22 0,44 mol


2 2

n n 0,22 mol 2n H O 2(0,11 n CO )


N
2 2

K
m 19,88 gam


BTNT C
3n C H O NK 5n C H O NK 0,79 0,11 mol n C H O NK 0,1 mol
n CO 0,79 mol
3 6 2 5 10 2 3 6 2

n C H O NK 0,12 mol
2

n C H O NK
n C H O NK
0,22 mol
3 6 2 5 10 2 5 10 2
n
HO 2
0,9 mol
tetrapeptit X : 0,03 mol gm (Ala)n (Val)4n
Gi BT mc xch Ala
0,03n 0,02m 0,1 mol
pentapeptit Y : 0,02 mol gm (Ala)m (Val)5m
X : Val Val Val Val
n 0; m = 5 %m Y 37,52% khng c p n
Y : Ala Ala Ala Ala Ala

X : Val Val Ala Ala 0,02(117.3 89.2 4.18)
n 2; m = 2 %m Y .100 45,98%
Y : Val Val Val Ala Ala 19,88
Comment: Ngoi cch tnh khi lng hn hp mui c trnh by trn. Cc bn c th t CTTQ mui l
CnH2nO2NNa, vit PTP chy mi lin h gia s mol O2 v CO2

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Cu 72: Hn hp M gm CH3CH2OH, CH2=CHCH2OH, CH3COOH, CH2=CHCOOH, HCOOCH3. t


chy hon ton m gam M cn dng va 0,4 mol O2, thu c 0,35 mol CO2 v 0,35 mol H2O. Mt khc,
cho m gam M trn tc dng va vi 50 gam dung dch Ba(OH)2 nng x%. Gi tr ca x l
A. 68,40. B. 17,10. C. 34,20. D. 8,55.
( thi th THPT Quc Gia ln 4 THPT Chuyn i hc Vinh Ngh An, nm 2015)
Hng dn gii
Cch 1: Tm quy lut chung ca hn hp
CH 3CH 2 OH C 2 H 6 O
C n H6 O
CH 2 CHCH 2 OH C 3 H6 O
0,4 mol O2
M CH 3COOH C 2 H 4 O2 CO2 H 2 O
CH CHCOOH C H O C H O
3 4 2
0,35 mol 0,35 mol
2 m 4 2
HCOOCH3 C 2 H 4 O2

p dng bo ton nguyn t O v H, ta c:
n C n H6O 2n C m H4O2 n O trong M 2.0,35 0,35 2.0,4 0,25 mol
n C n H6O 0,05 mol


6n 4n C H4O2 2n H2O 0,7 mol n 0,1 mol
C n H6 O m C m H 4 O2
Mt khc, ch c C m H 4 O2 (hn hp gm axit v este) mi phn ng vi Ba(OH)2 do
2 COO + Ba 2 (COO)2 Ba 0,05.(137 34)
Vy x% = .100%= 17,1%
mol : 0,1 0,05 50
Cch 2: Dng s m
Cc cu hi hn hp nhiu cht ny d mun d khng th dng s m vn l nhanh nht !
Do ngoi CH3CH2OH (k=0); CH2=CHCOOOH (k=2) cc cht cn li trong M u c k=1
nCO2 n H2O th nCH3CH2OH nCH2 CHCOOH
Khi dng s m c th quy hn hp M ch gm CH3CH2OH (a mol); CH3COOH (b mol);
CH2=CHCOOH (a mol). (CH3COOH v HCOOCH3 l ng phn ca nhau v u phn ng vi Ba(OH)2 cng
t l nn c th b ty 1 cht)
a 2b 2a n O trong M 0,35.3 0,4.2 0,25 mol a 0,05 mol

p dng bo ton nguyn t O v C, ta c:
2a 2b 3a n CO2 0,35 mol
b 0,05 mol
0,05.(137 34)
n OH trong Ba(OH) a b 0,1 mol n Ba(OH)2 =0,05 mol. Vy x% = .100%= 17,1%
2
50

Cu 73: X, Y, Z l ba axit cacboxylic n chc cng dy ng ng (MX < MY < MZ ), T l este to bi X,


Y, Z vi mt ancol no, ba chc, mch h E. t chy hon ton 26,6 gam hn hp M gm X, Y, Z, T
(trong Y v Z c cng s mol) bng lng va kh O2, thu c 22,4 lt CO2 (ktc) v 16,2 gam
H2O. Mt khc, un nng 26,6 gam M vi lng d dung dch AgNO3/NH3. Sau khi cc phn ng xy ra
hon ton, thu c 21,6 gam Ag. Mt khc, cho 13,3 gam M phn ng ht vi 400 ml dung dch NaOH
1M v un nng, thu c dch N. C cn dung dch N thu c m gam cht rn khan. Gi tr ca m gn
nht vi gi tr no sau y?
A. 38,04. B. 24,74. C. 16,74. D. 25,10.
( thi th THPT Quc Gia ln 4 THPT Chuyn i hc Vinh Ngh An, nm 2015)
Hng dn gii
26,6 12.1 2.0,9
p dng bo ton nguyn t O, ta c: n O trong M 0,8 mol.
16

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Do hn hp c phn ng trng bc suy ra trong hn hp c cha X l HCOOH X, Y, Z u no, n (k =1).


X : HCOOH : a mol (k = 1) O2 , t o
CO2 H 2 O

Vy th nghim 1: 26,6 gam Y,Z : RCOOH : b mol (k = 1) 1 0,9
AgNO3 /NH3
E : (RCOO)2 R OOCH : c mol (k = 3) Ag : 0,2 mol
p dng bo ton nguyn t O, s mol Ag v mi lin h bt bo ha k, ta c:
2a 2b 6c n O trong M 0,8 mol a 0,05 mol


2a 2c n Ag 0,2 mol b 0,2 mol

2c n CO2 n CO2 0,1 mol
c 0,05 mol

C X,Y 2
Do MX < MY < MZ nn C T (1 2C X,Y ) C E 5 3 8 .

E
C 3
0,55

BTNT C
0,05 C X,Y .0,2 0,05.8 n CO2 1 mol C X,Y 2,75. Suy ra: Y l CH3COOH.
8
0,2

2 CZ C X,Y 2,5
C X,Y
Mt khc, theo gi thuyt s mol Y = s mol Z 2 Y : CH3COOH
2 C X,Y 2,75 Z : C H COOH
2 5

0,45

BTNT C
0,05 2,5.0,2 C T .0,05 1 mol C T 9 C E 3 E l C 3H 5 (OH)3
0,05
0,05 0,2 m rn ?
X, Y, Z: 0,125 mol
2 0,4 mol NaOH
Th nghim 2 : 13,3 gam n H2O n X,Y,Z 0,125 mol
T: 0,05 =0,025 mol

2 C 3 H 5 (OH)3 : 0,025 mol
p dng bo ton khi lng: m rn 13,3 0,4.40 0,125.18 0,025.92 24,75 gam
gn nht
24,75 gam
M KOH H2 O C 3H5 (OH)3

Cu 74: Hn hp X gm axit oxalic, axit axetic, axit acrylic v axit malonic (HOOCCH2COOH). Cho 0,25
mol X phn ng ht vi lng d dung dch NaHCO3, thu c 0,4 mol CO2. t chy hon ton 0,25 mol
X trn cn dng va 0,4 mol O2, thu c CO2 v 7,2 gam H2O. Phn trm khi lng ca axit oxalic
trong X l
A. 21,63%. B. 43,27%. C. 56,73%. D. 64,90%.
( thi th THPT Quc Gia ln 4 THPT Chuyn i hc Vinh Ngh An, nm 2015)
Hng dn gii
HOOC COOH NaHCO3
CH COOH CO2 : 0,4 mol
3
0,25 mol H 2 O : 0,4 mol
CH 2 CH COOH
0,4 mol O2

HOOC CH 2 COOH CO2

+ Th nghim 1 n COOH nCO2 0, 4 mol


+ p dng bo ton nguyn t O cho th nghim 2, ta c:
2.0,4 2.0,4 0,4
2n COOH 2n O2 2n CO2 n H2O n CO2 0,6 mol
2
BTKL
mX 44.0,6 7,2 0,4.32 20,8 gam
Ngi thy trung bnh ch bit ni. Ngi thy gii bit gii thch,
Ngi thy xut chng bit minh ha. Ngi thy v i bit cch truyn cm hng
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Trong X ch c axit axetic c k = 1; cc cht cn li u c k = 2. Theo mi lin h ca bt bo ha k, ta c:


n HOOC COOH nCH2 CHCOOH nHOOC CH2 COOH nCO2 nH2O 0,6 0,4 0,2 mol nCH3COOH 0,05 mol
Khi , theo gii thuyt, s mol COOH v bo ton nguyn t O, ta c:
n HOOC COOH n CH CH COOH n HOOC CH COOH 0,2 mol n
HOOC COOH 0,1 mol

2 2


2n HOOC COOH n CH2 CH COOH 2n HOOC CH2 COOH (0,4 0,05) mol n CH2 CH COOH 0, 05 mol

2n HOOC COOH 3n CH2 CH COOH 3n HOOC CH2 COOH (0,6 0,05.2) mol
n HOOC CH2 COOH 0,05 mol
0,1.90
Vy %m HOOC-COOH .100% 43,27%
20,8

Cu 75: Hn hp M gm C2H5NH2, CH2=CHCH2NH2, H2NCH2CH2CH2NH2, CH3CH2CH2NH2 v


CH3CH2NHCH3. t chy hon ton 5,6 lt M, cn dng va 25,76 lt O2, ch thu c CO2; 18 gam
H2O v 3,36 lt N2. Cc th tch kh u o iu kin tiu chun. Phn trm khi lng ca C2H5NH2 trong
M l
A. 48,21%. B. 24,11%. C. 40,18%. D. 32,14%.
( thi th THPT Quc Gia ln 4 THPT Chuyn i hc Vinh Ngh An, nm 2015)
Hng dn gii
Cch 1: Tm quy lut chung ca hn hp
ln ny c v kt ci gu cho hn hp nhiu cht.
Nhiu bn s hong khi thy hn hp nhiu cht nhng tht ra bnh tnh li ci bn s thy trong hn hp M
ch c C2H5NH2 (a mol) c 2C; cc cht cn li u c 3C (b mol).
2,3 1
p dng bo ton nguyn t O, ta c: n CO2 0,65 mol.
2
BTKL
mM 12nCO2 2n H2O 14n N 12.0,65 2.1 14.0,15.2 14 gam

a b 0,25 mol
a 0,1 mol
Theo gi thuyt v bo ton nguyn t C, ta c:
2a 3b n CO2 0,65 mol b 0,15 mol

0,1.45
Vy %m CH3CH 2NH 2 .100% 32,14%
14
Cch 2: Dng s m.
2,3 1
p dng bo ton nguyn t O, ta c: n CO2 0,65 mol.
2

BTKL
mM 12nCO2 2n H2O 14n N 12.0,65 2.1 14.0,15.2 14 gam
Hn hp gm 5 cht, nhng ta ch c th khai thc cc thng tin sau lp phng trnh: s mol hn hp (0,25
mol), s mol H ca hn hp (1 mol H2O) hoc s mol N ca hn hp (0,15 mol N2), s mol C ca hn hp
(0,65 mol CO2). Nh vy c th lp c 3 phng trnh c th b ty (5 3) = 2 cht trong hn hp.
Vy theo y mnh chn b 2 cht cui (CH3CH2CH2NH2 v CH3CH2NHCH3)
C 2 H 5 NH 2 C 2 H 7 N : a mol CO2 : 0,65 mol
O2 , t o
Khi : 0,25 mol M CH 2 CHCH 2 NH 2 C 3 H 7 N : b mol H 2 O :1 mol
H NCH CH CH NH C H N : c mol N : 0,15 mol
2 2 2 2 2 3 10 2 2
Hng 1: Theo gii thuyt, bo ton nguyn t C v N, ta c:

Ngi thy trung bnh ch bit ni. Ngi thy gii bit gii thch,
Ngi thy xut chng bit minh ha. Ngi thy v i bit cch truyn cm hng
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a b c n 0,25 mol a 0,1 mol

M
0,1.45
2a 3b 3c n CO2 0,65 mol b 0,1 mol %mCH3CH2NH2 .100% 32,14%
c 0,05 mol 14
a b 2c n N 2n N2 0,3 mol

Hng 2: Theo gii thuyt, bo ton nguyn t C v H, ta c:



a b c n 0,25 mol a 0,1 mol
M
1 0,1.45
2a 3b 3c n CO2 0,65 mol b mol %mCH3CH2NH2 .100% 32,14%
15 14
7a 7b 10c n H 2n H2O 2 mol 1
c 12 mol
Lu : khng c b C2H5NH2 v H2NCH2CH2CH2NH2 v ang hi phn trm C2H5NH2, cn
H2NCH2CH2CH2NH2 c s N khc cc cht cn li trong hn hp (b i s lm thay i bn cht ca bi ton)

Cu 76: Cho 20,8 gam hn hp M gm hai cht hu c, tc dng va vi dung dch NaOH, thu c
dung dch N gm hai mui R1COONa, R2COONa v m gam R'OH (R2 = R1 + 28; R1, R2, R' u l cc gc
hirocacbon). C cn N ri t chy ht ton b lng cht rn, thu c H2O; 15,9 gam Na2CO3 v 7,84 lt
CO2 (ktc). Bit t khi hi ca R'OH so vi H2 nh hn 30; cng thc ca hai cht hu c trong M l
A. HCOOCH3 v C2H5COOCH3. B. CH3COOC2H5 v C3H7COOC2H5.
C. HCOOH v C2H5COOCH3. D. HCOOCH3 v C2H5COOH.
( thi th THPT Quc Gia ln 4 THPT Chuyn i hc Vinh Ngh An, nm 2015)
Hng dn gii
NaOH

R COONa
1

20,8 gam M 2 R 'OH



R COONa
BTNT Na 15,9
2n Na2CO3 n Na trong mui n NaOH 2. 0,3 mol
106
t hn hp hai mui
7,84
BTNT C
n C /mui 0,15 0,5 mol
T cc p n
n H2O 0,35 mol

22,4 k 1

mmui 12nC 2n H2O 16nO 23nNa 12.0,5 2.0,35 16.0,3.2 23.0,3 23,2 gam
+ Trng hp 1: c hai cht u sinh ancol
p dng bo ton khi lng ta c: mR'OH 20,8 0,3.40 23,2 9,6 gam
9,6
n R'OH n NaOH M R'OH 32 (CH3OH)
0,3

HCOONa HCOOCH3
23,2 R2 R1 28
MMui 77,33 M
0,3 C 2 H5COONa C 2 H 5COOCH3
+ Trng hp 2: ch mt cht sinh ancol (c p n ri nn trng hp ny cc bn t ngm nh !)
Cu 77: Cho 0,1 mol axit axetic vo cc cha 30 ml dung dch MOH 20% (D=1,2 g/ml, M l kim loi kim).
C cn dung dch sau phn ng thu c m gam cht rn khan. t chy hon ton cht rn thu c 9,54 gam
M2CO3 v hn hp kh, dn hn hp kh ny qua bnh ng dung dch nc vi trong d th khi lng dung
dch tng hay gim bao nhiu gam?
A. Tng 5,70 gam. B. Gim 2,74 gam. C. Tng 2,74 gam. D. Gim 5,70 gam.
( thi th THPT Quc Gia S Gio dc v o to TPHCM, nm 2015)
Ngi thy trung bnh ch bit ni. Ngi thy gii bit gii thch,
Ngi thy xut chng bit minh ha. Ngi thy v i bit cch truyn cm hng
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Hng dn gii
30.1,2. 20 7,2
n MOH . mol
M 17 100 M 17
7,2 9,54 n NaOH 0,18 mol

BTNT M
2. M 23 (Na)
M 17 2M 60 n Na2 CO3 0,09 mol
O2 , t o
2CH 3COONa Na 2 CO3 3CO 2 3H 2O

mol : 0,1 0,05 0,15 0,15
Khi
2NaOH d + CO 2 Na 2 CO3 + H 2O
mol:
0,08 0,04 0,04 0,04
CO2 : 0,15 0,04 mol Ca(OH)2 d
kh thot ra gm
H 2 O : 0,19 mol
m dung dch thay i m CO2 m H2 O m CaCO3 2,74 gam gim 2,74 gam
44.0,11 18.0,19 0,11.100

Cu 78: Hn hp R cha cc cht hu c n chc gm axit (X),ancol (Y) v este (Z) (c to thnh t X v
Y). t chy 2,15 gam este (Z) ri hp th sn phm chy vo dung dch Ba(OH)2 d c 19,7 gam kt ta v
khi lng dung dch gim 13,95 gam. Mt khc, 2,15 gam Z tc dng va vi NaOH c 1,7 gam mui.
Axit X v ancol Y tng ng l
A. CH3COOH v C3H5OH B. C2H3COOH v CH3OH
C. HCOOH v C3H7OH D. HCOOH v C3H5OH
( thi th THPT Quc Gia S Gio dc v o to TPHCM, nm 2015)
Hng dn gii
T cc p n suy ra Z to bi ancol n v axit n Z l este n chc.
O2 , t o CO2 Ba(OH)2 d
BaCO3
RCOOR ' H2O
0,1 mol
NaOH
2,15 gam
RCOONa
1,7 gam

n CO2 n BaCO3 0,1 mol


n CO2 0,1 mol
m dung dch gim m BaCO3 (m CO2 18n H2 O ) 13,95 gam
n H2 O 0,075 mol
19,7 4,4

n CO2 n H2O k Z 1 este n, khng no Loi C


Nu kinh nghim cc p n cn li u to Z n, khng no c 1 ni i (k = 2)
n Z nCO2 n H2O 0,025 mol
Thi th mnh gii theo cch ngy ng nht dnh cho mi i tng nh !
2,15 12.0,1 2.0,075
p dng bo ton khi lng, ta c: n O trong Z 0,05 mol n Z 0,025 mol
16
n CO2 0,1
C Z 5
nZ 0,025 X : HCOOH

M
1,7
68 R 1
Y : C 3H 5OH
RCOONa
0,025

Ngi thy trung bnh ch bit ni. Ngi thy gii bit gii thch,
Ngi thy xut chng bit minh ha. Ngi thy v i bit cch truyn cm hng
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Cu 79: Cho m gam hn hp E gm X, Y, T trong X, Y l hai axit cacboxylic n chc, mch h (MX <
MY). T l este to bi X, Y v 1 ancol no hai chc mch h. t chy hon ton m gam E bng oxi d thu c
a mol CO2 v (a 0,49) mol H2O (bit a < 1,65 mol). Mt khc m gam E tc dng vi AgNO3/NH3 d thu
c 54 gam Ag. Khi cho m gam E tc dng va vi 300 ml dung dch Ba(OH)2 1M th khi lng mui
thu c l bao nhiu gam ?
A. 70,6 gam B. 76,5 gam C. 81,4 gam D. 77,2 gam
Hng dn gii
O2
to
CO2 H 2 O
X : RCOOH a mol (a 0,49)mol
AgNO3 /NH3 d
m gam E Y : R'C OOH Ag : 0,5 mol
T : (RCOO) R'' 0,3 mol Ba(OH)2
2 va
(RCOO)2 Ba
? gam

n Ag
+ Do E c phn ng vi AgNO3/NH3 nn trong E c HCOO n HCOO 0,25 mol
2
n n Y 2n T 0,6 mol
+ E phn ng va vi 0,3 mol Ba(OH)2 nn n OH 0,6 mol X
n HCOO n X n T 0,25 mol
nY n T 0,6 0,25 0,35 mol
n CO2 n H2O
0,49
+ t cng thc tng qut ca Y v T l C n H2n 22k Ox : a mol (k Y, T 1) 1,4
0,35 0,35
Do X phi l HCOOH nn nu Y l axit no n T l este 2 chc to bi hai axit no n v ancol no hai
chc (kT = 2). Vy kY, T < 2, do kY, T = 2,4 th Y phi c k = 2.
n HCOO 0,25 mol BTNT C 1,4

O2 , t o
n CO2 sinh bi Y,T 1,65 0,25 1,4 mol C Y, T 4
n C trong Y, T n CO2 sinh bi HCOO-
0,35

k 2
Do Y c Y Y l CH 2 CH COOH
C Y 4
HCOO : 0,25 mol 0,3 mol Ba 2
Vy trong E c Mui
CH 2 CH COO : 0,35 mol
p dng bo ton khi lng, ta c : m Mui 0,25.45 0,35.71 0,3.137 77,2 gam
m HCOO m CH2 CHCOO m
Ba 2

Cu 80: Mt oligopeptit c to thnh t glyxin, alanin, valin. Thy phn X trong 500 ml dung dch H2SO4
1M th thu c dung dch Y, c cn dung dch Y th thu c hn hp Z c cha cc ipeptit, tripeptit,
tetrapeptit, pentapeptit v cc amino axit tng ng. t mt na hn hp Z bng mt lng khng kh va ,
hp th sn phm chy vo dung dch Ba(OH)2 d th thy khi lng bnh tng 74,225 gam, khi lng dung
dch gim 161,19 gam ng thi thot ra 139,608 lt kh tr. Cho dung dch Y tc dng ht vi V lt dung dch
KOH 2M un nng (dng d 20% so vi lng cn thit), c cn dung dch sau phn ng th khi lng cht
rn c gi tr gn ng l
A. 204 gam. B. 198 gam. C. 210 gam. D. 184 gam.
Hng dn gii
44n CO 18n H O 74,225 gam n CO 1,195 mol


2 2
2

+ 44n CO2 18n H2O 197n CO2 161,19 gam n H 2O 1,2025 mol

n N2 n N2 khng kh nN 2 t 6,2325 mol
n N 2 n N 2 khng kh nN 2 t 6,2325 mol

Ngi thy trung bnh ch bit ni. Ngi thy gii bit gii thch,
Ngi thy xut chng bit minh ha. Ngi thy v i bit cch truyn cm hng
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+ Do cc peptit v amino axit trong Z trong phn t u c s O = s N +1 nn khi :


1
C x H y On1N n O2
CO2 H2 O N 2
Ta quy i hn hp Z thnh
2
mol : a
p dng bo ton nguyn t O, mi lin h v bt bo ha k v s mol N2, ta c:


(n 1)a + 2n O2 2.1,195 1,2025 an a + 2n O2 3,5925 mol an 0,375 mol

(n 1 0,5n)a n CO2 n H2O 7,5.103 mol 0,5an a 7,5.10 3 mol a 0,195 mol
k 0,5an 4n 6,2325 mol n 1,51125 mol
an
O2 O2
N2
n 4n 6,2325 mol

O2
2
+ i vi ton b hn hp Z (nhn 2 s liu tnh ton trn), ta c:
n N trong Z 2.0,375 0, 75 mol

m Z 24.1,195 4.1, 2025 16.1,14 14.0, 75 62, 23 gam

n O trong Z (an a).2 1,14 mol


Theo quy lut thy phn peptit trong mi trng kim, ta c:
Z KOH Mui + H2 O

mol : 0,195.2 0,75 0,195.2


p dng bo ton khi lng, ta c: mmui mZ mKOH mH2O 62,23 56.0,75 18.0,195.2 97,21 gam
20
n KOH phn ng n N trong Z n H trong H SO 0,75 1 1,75 mol
dng d 20%
n KOH d 1,75.
0,35 mol
2 4
100
m rn mmui mKOH d mK2SO4 97,21 0,35.56 0,5.174 203,81 gam
gn nht
204 gam

Cu 81: Hn hp X gm C3H6, C4H10, C2H2 v H2. Cho m gam X vo bnh kn c cha mt t bt Ni lm xc


tc. Nung nng bnh thu c hn hp Y. t chy hon ton Y cn dng va V lt O2 (ktc). Sn phm
chy cho hp th ht vo bnh ng nc vi trong d, thu c mt dung dch c khi lng gim 21,45 gam.
Nu cho Y i qua bnh ng lng d dung dch brom trong CCl4 th c 24 gam brom phn ng. Mt khc, cho
11,2 lt (ktc) hn hp X i qua bnh ng dung dch brom d trong CCl4, thy c 64 gam brom phn ng. Bit
cc phn ng u xy ra hon ton. Gi tr ca V l
A. 21,00 B. 14,28 C. 10,50 D. 28,56.
( thi th THPT Quc Gia ln 3 i hc Lt Lm ng, nm 2015)
Hng dn gii
Cch 1:
C 3 H6 : x mol
V lt O2 CO2 Ba(OH)2 d
Hn hp X C 4 H10 : y mol m dd gim 21,45 gam

Ni, t o
Y H 2 O
C 2 H 2 : z mol Br2 /CCl 4
H : t mol Br2 phn ng: 0,15 mol (Th nghim 1)
2
0,5 mol X
Br2 /CCl 4
Br2 phn ng: 0,4 mol (Th nghim 2)
p dng bo ton mol lin kt , ta c: n x 2z n H2 phn ng n Br2 phn ng t x 2z 0,15 mol
t 0,15 mol

Theo gi thuyt, ta c: n X x y z t 2x y 3z 0,15 mol


Gi k l h s t lng ca th nghim 1 v th nghim 2, ta c:

Ngi thy trung bnh ch bit ni. Ngi thy gii bit gii thch,
Ngi thy xut chng bit minh ha. Ngi thy v i bit cch truyn cm hng
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n n Br2 phn ng k(x 2z) mol


x 2z 0,4
0,4 mol 3x 4y 2z 0,6 mol = n C trong X
n k 2x y 3z 0,15 = 0,5 mol 2x y 3z 0,15 0,5
X
p dng bo ton nguyn t C, ta c: nC trong X nCO2 nBaCO 0,6 mol
3

Theo gi thuyt, khi lng dung dch gim: (mCO2 m H2O ) mBaCO3 21,45 gam nH2 O 0,675 mol
44.0,6 197.0,6

0,6.2 0,675
p dng bo ton nguyn t O, ta c: n O2 0,9375 mol VO2 = 0,9375.22,4 = 21,00 lt
2
Cch 2: S dng phng php quy i
C 3 H 6
2n (4n 6) 2
Nhn xt: C 4 H10 u c dng
C n H 4n 6 vi k = 4n
C H 2
2 2
Khi :
CO2 BTNT C
n CO2 an mol
C n H 4n 6 : a mol (k = 4 n) Ni, to

V lt O 2

Hn hp X Y H 2 O
BTNT H
n H2O 2an 3a b mol
2
H : b mol
Br2 /CCl 4
Br2 phn ng: 0,15 mol
Br2 /CCl 4
0,5 mol X Br2 phn ng: 0,4 mol
p dng bo ton mol lin kt , ta c: n a.(4 n) n H2 phn ng n Br2 phn ng an 4a b 0,15 (1)
b 0,15 mol

Theo gi thuyt: 44an 18 2an 3a b 197an 21,45 gam 20an + 54a 18b = 21,45 gam (2)
mCO2 mBaCO
m H2 O 3

a.(4 n) 0,4 4
Mt khc theo th nghim 2, ta c: 5an 16a 4b 0 (3)
ab 0,5 5
an 4a b 0,15 an 0,6 mol
n CO 0,6 mol

Theo t (1), (2) v (3) 20an + 54a 18b = 21,45 a 0,225 mol 2
5an 16a 4b 0 b 0,15 mol n H2O 0,675 mol


0,6.2 0,675
p dng bo ton nguyn t O, ta c: n O2 0,9375 mol VO2 = 0,9375.22,4 = 21,00 lt
2
Cch 3: Phng php s m
Bi ra hn hp X gm 4 cht nhng ch c 3 thng tin v s liu (khi lng dung dch gim, s mol Br2 phn
ng th nghim 1 v t l mol vi tng s mol X). Theo phng php s m ta c quyn b i 4 3 = 1
cht trong hn hp X vi iu kin khng lm thay i bn cht ca bi ton. Nh vy khng c b i H2 v
y l bi ton cng H2 ca cc hirocacbon khng no. Vy trong 3 cht C3H6, C4H10, C2H2 ta c th ty b i
1 cht. y, mnh b i C4H10
C H : a mol CO2 BTNT C
n CO2 3a 2b mol
3 6

V lt O 2

X C 2 H 2 : b mol Y n H2O 3a b c mol
Ni, t o
H 2 O
BTNT H


H 2 : c mol Br2 /CCl 4
Br2 phn ng: 0,15 mol
Br2 /CCl 4
0,5 mol X Br2 phn ng: 0,4 mol
Theo gi thuyt, bo ton mol lin kt v th nghim 2, ta c:

Ngi thy trung bnh ch bit ni. Ngi thy gii bit gii thch,
Ngi thy xut chng bit minh ha. Ngi thy v i bit cch truyn cm hng
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56.(3a 2b) 18.(3a b c) 21,45 gam a 0,15 mol


n CO 0,6 mol

a 2b c 0,15 b 0,075 mol 2
5(a 2b) 4.(a b c) c 0,15 mol n H2O 0,675 mol


0,6.2 0,675
p dng bo ton nguyn t O, ta c: n O2 0,9375 mol VO2 = 0,9375.22,4 = 21,00 lt
2
Cu 82: un nng 0,4 mol hn hp E gm ipeptit X, tripeptit Y v tetrapeptit Z (X, Y, Z u mch h) bng
lng va dung dch NaOH n phn ng hon ton, thu c dung dch cha 0,5 mol mui ca glyxin; 0,4
mol mui ca alanin v 0,2 mol mui ca valin. Mt khc, t chy hon ton m gam E trong oxi va thu
c CO2, H2O v N2, trong tng khi lng ca CO2 v H2O l 78,28. Gi tr ca m gn nht vi gi tr
no sau y ?
A. 32,5. B. 33,0. C. 33,5. D. 34,0.
( thi th THPT Quc gia ln 3 Trng THPT Chuyn Nguyn Hu H Ni, nm 2015)
Hng dn gii
Theo quy lut phn ng thy phn peptit trong dung dch NaOH, ta c:
C 2 H 4 O2 NNa : 0,5 mol

n Peptit E + nNaOH Mui C 3 H 6 O 2 NNa : 0,4 mol + H 2 O
C H O NNa : 0,2 mol
5 10 2
mol : 0,4 0,4
p dng bo ton nguyn t Na, ta c: n NaOH n Na trong mui 0,5 0,4 0,2 1,1 mol
p dng bo ton khi lng cho phn ng thy phn peptit, ta c:
m hn hp E 1,1.40 0,5.97 0,4.111 0,2.139 0,4.18 m hn hp E 83,9 gam
mNaOH mMui mH2 O

Khi theo bo ton nguyn t C v H, ta c:


n C trong E 0,5.2 0,4.3 0,2.5 3,2 mol
n C trong E 3,2 mol

n H trong E 1,1 0,5.4 0,4.6 0,2.10 0,4.2
n H trong E 6,1 mol

n H trong NaOH n H trong mui n H trong H2O

Gi k l h s t lng ca m gam (th nghim 2) so vi 83,9 gam hn hp E (th nghim 1)


n C trong E 3,2k mol O2
CO2
BTNT C
3,2k mol
Khi th nghim 2, ta c: m gam E 78,28 gam
n H trong E 6,1k mol
o

H2O 3,05k mol


t

BTNT H

44.3,2k 18.3,05k 78,28 gam k = 0,4


Vy m = 83,9.0,4 = 33,56 gam
gn nht
34,0 gam

Cu 83: t chy hon ton 0,1 mol peptit X (X c to thnh cc amino axit ch cha 1 nhm NH2 v 1
nhm COOH) cn 58,8 lt O2 (ktc) thu c 2,2 mol CO2 v 1,85 mol H2O. Nu cho 0,1 mol X thy phn
hon ton trong 500 ml dung dch NaOH 2M thu c dung dch Y, c cn Y thu c m gam cht rn. Cng
thc chung ca peptit v gi tr ca m ln lt l
A. CxHyO8N7 v 96,9 gam B. CxHyO10N9 v 96,9 gam
C. CxHyO10N9 v 92,9 gam D. CxHyO9N8 v 92,9 gam
( thi th THPT Quc Gia S Gio dc v o to TPHCM, nm 2015)
Hng dn gii
2,625 mol O2
0,1 mol X CO2 H2 O
2,2 mol 1,85 mol

p dng bo ton nguyn t O, ta c:


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Ngi thy xut chng bit minh ha. Ngi thy v i bit cch truyn cm hng
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0,1.Otrong X + 2.2,625 = 2n CO2 n H2O Otrong X 10 loi A, D


4,4 mol 1,85 mol

m X 12 n CO2 2 n H2O 16.10 14.9 .0,1 58,7 gam


X l C x H y O10 N 9
BTKL

2,2 1,85

Khi theo quy lut phn ng thy phn peptit, ta c:


nonapeptit 9 NaOH Y H 2O BTKL
m 58,7 40 0,1.18 96,9 gam
gam : 58,7 40 ? 0,1.18
Comment: Vi cch ra ca Bc S TP. H Ch Minh th by, cc bn kinh nghim c th thy p n l B
hoc C, ly m ca 2 p n thay ngc vo p n rt nhanh chng !

Cu 84: un nng 14,52 gam hn hp E cha 2 este n chc, mch h cn dng 200 ml dung dch NaOH
1M, thu c hn hp cha 2 ancol k tip thuc cng dy ng ng v hn hp gm x gam mui X v y gam
mui Y (MX < MY). Dn ton b hn hp 2 ancol qua bnh ng Na d thy khi lng bnh tng 6,83 gam. T
l ca x : y gn nht vi gi tr no sau y?
A. 2,00. B. 2,20. C. 2,15. D. 2,10.
Hng dn gii

R 'OH Na d
m tng 6,83 gam
+ 0,2 mol NaOH

14,52 gam E R1COONa
mui
R2 COONa
+ Do E cha 2 este n chc nE nNaOH n R'OH 0,2 mol
m R 'OH 6,83 0,2 7,03 gam
m tng
mH
2 7,03
+ X l d kin khi lng bnh Na tng M R 'OH 35,15
n n R 'OH 0,1 mol 0,2
H2 2
2 ancol ng ng k tip CH3 OH : a mol a b 0,2 mol a 0,155 mol
0,2 mol
C 2 H5 OH : b mol 32a 46b 7,03 gam b 0,045 mol
R1COOCH3 : 0,155 mol 14,52
E vi M E 72,6
R2 COOC 2 H5 : 0,045 mol 0,2
Do MR2COOC2H5 72,6 MR1COOCH3 72,6 . Mt khc, nu R1COOCH3 khng no th MR1COOCH3 86 .

R1COOCH3 phi no
Vy R1COOCH3 l HCOOCH3.

M R1COOCH3
14,52 0,155 60
+ Khi : MR2COOC2H5 116 (C 3 H7 COOC 2 H5 )
0,045
X : HCOONa : 0,155 mol 0,155 68 gn nht
x:y= 2,129 2,15
Y : C 3 H7 COONa : 0,045 mol 0,045 110
Cu 85: X l este no; Y l este khng no cha mt lin kt C=C (X, Y u n chc v mch h). t chy
14,16 gam hn hp E cha X, Y cn dng 0,62 mol O2. Mt khc 14,16 gam E tc dng va vi 200 ml
dung dch KOH 1M thu c 2 ancol k tip thuc cng dy ng ng v m gam hn hp cha 2 mui. Gi tr
ca m l
A. 19,6. B. 18,4. C. 18,8. D. 17,2.
Hng dn gii

Ngi thy trung bnh ch bit ni. Ngi thy gii bit gii thch,
Ngi thy xut chng bit minh ha. Ngi thy v i bit cch truyn cm hng
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+ 0,62 mol O2
CO2 H2 O
X (k = 1)
14,16 gam E 2 ancol ng ng k tip
Y (k = 2) + 0,2 mol KOH

2 mui : m gam ?
+ Do E cha 2 este n chc nCOO n KOH 0,2 mol nO trong E 0,2 2 0,4 mol
p dng bo ton khi lng v bo ton nguyn t O, ta c :
44n CO2 18n H2O (14,16 0,62 32) gam
n CO2 0,56 mol


2n CO2 n H2O 0, 4 0,62 2 mol
n H2O 0,52 mol

0,56 Y khng no C Y 3
C X,Y 2,8 trong E cha X l HCOOCH3.
0,2
Mt khc, p dng mi lin h ca bt bo ha k v thy phn E thu c 2 ancol ng ng k tip
Y : RCOOC 2 H 5
BTNT C
n Y 0,56 0,52 0,04 mol 0,16 2 0,04.C Y nCO2 0,56 mol C Y 6
n 0,2 0,04 0,16 mol
X
X : HCOOCH3 : 0,16 mol KOH HCOOK : 0,16 mol
E
Y : C 3 H5 COOC 2 H5 : 0,04 mol C 3 H5 COOK : 0,04 mol
m 0,16 84 0,04 124 18,4 gam
Cu 86: un nng 20,28 gam hn hp E cha 2 este u n chc, mch h cn dng 240 ml dung dch NaOH
1M, thu c hn hp 2 ancol k tip thuc cng dy ng ng. un nng hn hp 2 ancol ny vi H 2SO4 c
1400C (hiu sut t 100%) thu c 6,78 gam hn hp gm 3 ete. Cng thc cu to ca 2 este l
A. HCOOCH3 v CH3COOC2H5. B. CH3COOC2H5 v C2H5COOCH3.
C. CH3COOCH3 v C2H5COOC2H5. D. HCOOC2H5 v CH3COOCH3.
Hng dn gii
+ 0,24 mol NaOH
20,28 gam E (2 este n) R'OH
H2SO4 c
6,78 gam Ete
140o C
2 ancol kt
+ Do E cha 2 este u n chc 2 ancol u n chc v nancol n NaOH 0,24 mol .

mancol m Ete m H2O
BTKL
0
+ Trong phn ng tch nc ca ancol 140 C ta lun c
nancol 2n Ete 2 H2O

mancol 6,78 18.0,12 8,94 gam
8,94
p dng ta c: nancol Mancol 37,25
H2 O
n 0,12 mol 0,24
2
2 ancol ng ng k tip CH3 OH : a mol a b 0,24 mol a 0,15 mol
0,24 mol
C 2 H5 OH : b mol 32a 46b 8,94 gam b 0,09 mol
R1COOCH3 : 0,15 mol gi thuyt
E (R1 59) 0,15 (R2 73) 0,09 20,28 gam.
2
R COOC H
2 5 : 0,09 mol

bng gi tr R1 1 (H) 15 (CH3)


5R1 3R2 162
R2 52,33 29 (C2H5)

Vy cng thc cu to ca 2 este l CH3COOCH3 v C 2 H5COOC 2 H5


P/S: Chy cc gi tr trong bng gi tr dng khi thu c cp nghim tha mn.
Ngi thy trung bnh ch bit ni. Ngi thy gii bit gii thch,
Ngi thy xut chng bit minh ha. Ngi thy v i bit cch truyn cm hng
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Cu 87: Nung nng hn hp X gm ba hirocacbon c cc cng thc tng qut ln lt l CnH2n + 2, CmH2m,
Cn + m + 1H2m (u l hirocacbon mch h v iu kin thng u l cht kh; n, m nguyn dng) v
0,1 mol H2 trong bnh kn (xc tc Ni). Sau khi cc phn ng xy ra hon ton, thu c hn hp Y. Cho Y
tc dng vi lng d dung dch Br2 trong CCl4, thy c ti a 24 gam Br2 phn ng. Mt khc, t chy
hon ton Y, thu c a mol CO2 v 0,5 mol H2O. Gi tr ca a l
A. 0,25. B. 0,30. C. 0,50. D. 0,45.
( thi th THPT Quc Gia ln 4 THPT Chuyn i hc Vinh Ngh An, nm 2015)
Hng dn gii
do m 2 n 1
Cc hirocacbon u l cht kh iu kin thng n m 1 4
m 2
CH 4 : x mol (k = 0) 0,15 mol Br2

C 2 H 4 : y mol (k = 1) Ni, t o
X Y O2 CO2 : a mol
C 4 H 4 : z mol ( k = 3) t o
H : 0,1 mol H 2 O : 0, 5 mol
2
Cch 1:
p dng bo ton mol lin kt , bo ton nguyn t H v mi lin h ca bt bo ha k, ta c:
n trong X y 3z 0,15 0,1 0,25 mol (1)
(1)(2)
0,5.2 0,1.2 x 2y 4z n CO2 a 0,25 0,2 0,45 mol
x y z 0,2 mol (2)
4
Cch 2: Nhn thy cc hirocacbon trong X u c 4C, khi quy i X thnh CxH4
2.0,5 2.0,1
p dng bo ton nguyn t H, ta c: n Cx H4 0,2 mol .
4
2x 4 2 BTKL
Mt khc k CxH4 x 1 (x 1).0,2 n Br2 n H2 0,25 mol x = 2,25 .
2
p dng bo ton nguyn t C a nCO2 2,25.0,2 0,45 mol
Cu 88: Hn hp X gm peptit A c cu to bi glyxin, alanin v cht bo B c cha 3 lin kt trong phn
t (s mol ca B nh hn s mol ca A). t chy a gam hn hp X cn va ng 49,28 lt O2 (ktc). Mt
khc, thy phn a gam hn hp X bng mt lng dung dch NaOH va ri c cn thu c m gam hn hp
Y gm 3 mui. t chy m gam hn hp mui Y cn va ng 47,712 lt O2 (ktc), thu c hn hp kh Z
gm CO2, H2O, N2 v 13,78 gam Na2CO3. Dn ton b hn hp Z qua bnh ng dung dch NaOH c d thy
khi lng bnh tng thm 90,46 gam so vi ban u. Xem nh N2 khng b nc hp th, cc phn ng xy ra
hon ton. Phn trm khi lng ca A trong hn hn hp X gn nht vi gi tr no sau y?
A. 43,6%. B. 42,7%. C. 44,5% D. 41,8%
Hng dn gii
2,2 mol O

2 CO H O N
2 2 2

C 3 H 5 (OH)3

C 2 H 4 O2 NNa Na CO
Peptit A : (Gly)n (Ala)m 2 3
X 0,13 mol
NaOH
x mol
B : (RCOO)3 C 3 H 5 (k = 3) Y C H O NNa
2,13 mol O2
N 2
3 6 2
a gam
90, 46 gam CO2
y mol
RCOONa
H 2 O
m gam

Ngi thy trung bnh ch bit ni. Ngi thy gii bit gii thch,
Ngi thy xut chng bit minh ha. Ngi thy v i bit cch truyn cm hng
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Nhn xt: S mol O2 chnh lch gia t hn hp X v hn hp Y chnh l s mol O2 cn t chy hon
ton C3H5(OH)3 nO2 cn t C3H5 (OH)3 2,2 2,13 0,07 mol

to
C 3 H8 O3 3,5O2 3CO2 4H2 O BT gc C3H5 n(RCOO)3 C3H5 nC3H5 (OH)3 0,02 mol


BT gc RCOO n

mol : 0,02 0,07 RCOONa 0,06 mol



p dng bo ton nguyn t Na, ta c: nNa trong Y 2nNa2CO3 0,26 mol
nO trong Y 2nNa trong Y 2 0,26 0,52 mol
Khi , p dng bo ton nguyn t O v gi thuyt, ta c :
2n CO2 n H2O (0,52 2,13 2 0,13 3) mol
n CO 1, 43 mol

2 nC trong Y 1,43 0,13 1,56 mol

44n CO2
18n H 2 O 90, 46 gam n
2 H O 1,53 mol
BTKL
mY 1,56 12 1,53 2 0,52 16 0,2 14 0,23 23 38,88 gam
Nhn xt : nC2H4O2NNa nC3H6O2NNa n N trong Y 0,2 mol 2(x y) n C trong mui Gly, Ala 3(x y)
x mol y mol 0,4 mol 0,6 mol
BTNT C 0,96 1,16
(1,56 0,6) n C trong RCOONa (1,56 0, 4) 16 S C RCOONa 19,33.
0,06 0,06
0,96 mol 1,16 mol
S C ca axit bo l s chn kB 3
S C RCOONa 18
B : (C17 H35COO)3 C 3 H5

Tht ra : cht bo B ch cha 3 lin kt trong phn t B l cht bo no. Trong chng trnh ph
thng, ta hc v 2 loi cht bo no l tripanmitin (C15H31COO)3C3H5 v tristearin (C17H35COO)3C3H5.
Nh vy th ch cn s C trong mui > 16 l c th suy ra c B l tristearin.

C 2 H 4 O2 NNa : x mol
x y 0,2 mol
+ Khi : 38,88 gam C 3 H6 O2 NNa : y mol
C H COONa : 0,06 mol 97x 111y 0,06 306 38,88 mol
17 35
x 0,12 mol n C2H4O2NNa 0,12 3

y 0,08 mol n C3H6O2NNa 0,08 2
BTNT C
+ (2n 3m) n A nC trong mui Gly, Ala 0,12 2 0,08 3 0,48 mol
n 3 ; m = 2 n A 0,04 mol > n B (Tha mn)
n 3
Do n 6 ; m = 4 n A 0,02 mol = n B (Loi)
m 2
.................... n A < nB
to C 2 H 4 O2 NNa : 0,12 mol
(Gly)3 (Ala)2 5NaOH H2 O
C 3 H6 O2 NNa : 0,08 mol

mol : 0,04 0,2 0,04
p dng bo ton khi lng, ta c : m A (0,12 97 0,08 111) 0,04 18 0,2 40 13,24 gam
mmui Gly. Ala mH O mNaOH
2
13,24 gn nht
%m A .100 42,65% 42,7%
13,24 0,02.890

Ngi thy trung bnh ch bit ni. Ngi thy gii bit gii thch,
Ngi thy xut chng bit minh ha. Ngi thy v i bit cch truyn cm hng
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Tuyn tp cc cu hi hay v kh ca Thy To Mnh c trn Facebook

Cu 89: Hn hp E cha 3 este u 2 chc v mch h, trong c mt este khng no cha mt lin kt C=C.
un nng hon ton hn hp E vi dung dch KOH (ly d gp 2,4 ln so vi phn ng), c cn dung dch sau
phn ng thu c hn hp cha 2 ancol n chc cng dy ng ng k tip v hn hp F cha 3 cht rn.
Ly hn hp 2 ancol un vi H2SO4 c 1400C thu c 6,39 gam hn hp 3 ete (bit rng hiu sut ete ha
mi ancol u bng 75%). t chy ton b F bng lng oxi va ch thu c 0,24 mol K2CO3 v 0,16 mol
H2O. Phn trm khi lng ca este c khi lng phn t ln khng th c l
Hng dn gii
R(COOK)2 O2 K 2 CO3 : 0,24 mol
Rn

KOH d H 2 O : 0,16 mol
R(C OOR')2 + KOH
o
t

H2SO4 c; 140o C Ete : 6,39 gam


R' OH
H% 75%
H 2 O
p dng bo ton nguyn t K, ta c:
ly d gp 2,4 ln n Este 0,1 mol

n KOH ban u 2n K2CO3 0,48 mol n KOH phn ng 0,2 mol
nancol n KOH 0,2 mol

+ X l s liu th nghim tch H2O ca hn hp ancol
mancol 6,39 18n H2O
mancol 7,74 gam

p dng bo ton khi lng v t l s mol, ta c: 75
nancol p 0,2. 2n H2O n H2O 0,075 mol

100
7,74
Mancol 51,6 .
0,2.0,75
+ Mt khc, ancol n chc, khng no c khi lng phn t nh nht l 56 (CH C CH2 OH)
C H OH (46) ng vi
8,4 0,12 mol


2 5
ancol ng ng k tip
Do 0,2 mol M 51,6
ng vi
C H OH (60) 5,6 0,08 mol
3 7
p dng bo ton nguyn t H, ta c:
n H trong mui RCOOK n KOH d 2n H2O 0,32 mol nH trong mui RCOOK n H trong gc R 0,04 mol
0,28 mol
S H trong R = 0,04 0,4 . Suy ra trong E c este cha gc R khng chc H (s H = 0)
0,1
+ Mt khc do KOH dng d nn hn hp F gm KOH d v 2 mui ca axit c 2 este cng to bi 1 axit
hai chc vy khi E gm X l 1 este khng no, chc 1 mt lin kt C=C (x mol, k = 3) v Y; Z l 2 este no hai
chc to bi axit oxalic v cc ancol n no (y mol; z mol u c k = 2).
p dng bo ton nguyn t C, ta c:
n C trong E n K2CO3 nC trong ancol 0,24 (0,12.2 0,08.3) 0,72 mol

n H trong E 2n H2O n H trong ancol n KOH 0,32 (0,12.6 0,08.8) 0,48 1,2 mol

+ Gi s khi t chy hn hp E th ta s thu c nCO2 0,72 mol v n H2O 0,6 mol


x y z 0,1 mol

Theo gi thuyt v mi lin h ca bt bo ha k : x = 0,02 mol.
2x y z n CO2 n H2O 0,12 mol

Ngi thy trung bnh ch bit ni. Ngi thy gii bit gii thch,
Ngi thy xut chng bit minh ha. Ngi thy v i bit cch truyn cm hng
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BTNT H n H trong R 0,04


Do gc axit ca Y; Z khng cha H S H trong gc ca X = 2.
nX 0,02
X : OOC CH CH COO : 0,02 mol
KOH C 2 H5OH : 0,12 mol
Vy khi E gm Y : R OOC COO R': y mol
Z : R' OOC COO R' : z mol C 3 H7 OH : 0,08 mol

Trong X c th c c 2 gc R hoc 1R+1R (vi R v R l gc ancol C2H5 hoc C3H7).
Khi cc trng hp c th c l
Trng hp 1:
C 3 H7 OOC CH CH COO C 3H 7 : 0,02 mol

E C 3 H 7 OOC COO C 2 H 5 : 0,04 mol %mEste c phn t ln 24,63%
C H OOC COO C H : 0,04 mol
2 5 2 5
Trng hp 2:
C 3 H7 OOC CH CH COO C 3H 7 : 0,02 mol

E C 3 H 7 OOC COO C 3 H 7 : 0,02 mol %mEste c phn t ln 24,63%
C H OOC COO C H : 0,06 mol
2 5 2 5

Trng hp 3:
C 2 H5 OOC CH CH COO C 2 H 5 : 0,02 mol

E C 3 H 7 OOC COO C 3 H 7 : 0,04 mol %mEste c phn t ln 42,86%
C H OOC COO C H : 0,04 mol
2 5 2 5
Trng hp 4:
C 3 H7 OOC CH CH COO C 2 H 5 : 0,02 mol

E C 3 H 7 OOC COO C 3 H 7 : 0,03 mol %mEste c phn t ln 22,91%
C H OOC COO C H : 0,05 mol
2 5 2 5
Trng hp 5:
C 3 H7 OOC CH CH COO C 2 H 5 : 0,02 mol

E C 3 H7 OOC COO C 2 H5 : 0,06 mol %mEste c phn t ln 22,91%
C H OOC COO C H : 0,02 mol
2 5 2 5

Cu 90: t chy 25,0 gam hn hp E cha 3 este u no, mch h v khng phn nhnh cn dng 0,85 mol
O2. Mt khc un nng 25,0 gam E vi dung dch NaOH va , thu c mt mui duy nht v hn hp F
cha 2 ancol u n chc cng dy ng ng k tip. un ton b F vi H2SO4 c 1400C thu c 6,28
gam hn hp gm 3 ete. Ha hi hn hp 3 ete th th tch ng bng th tch ca 2,8 gam N 2 (o cng iu
kin). Hiu sut ete ha mi ancol l
Hng dn gii
+ Do E cha 3 este u no, mch h khng phn nhnh s chc ca cc este u < 3.
+ Mt khc thy phn E trong NaOH ch thu c 1 mui duy nht 3 este c cng s nhm chc (cng n
chc hoc cng hai chc). Do ch thu c hn hp F ch cha 2 ancol n chc E gm 3 este hai chc (do
nu l cc este n chc to bi 1 axit n v 2 ancol n th ch to c 2 este: RCOOR, RCOOR).
0,85 mol O

2 CO H O
2 2
Khi : 25 gam R(COOR)2 (k = 2)
NaOH
x mol R(C OONa)2 R' OH

Ngi thy trung bnh ch bit ni. Ngi thy gii bit gii thch,
Ngi thy xut chng bit minh ha. Ngi thy v i bit cch truyn cm hng
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p dng bo ton khi lng, bo ton nguyn t O v mi lin h bt bo ha k, ta c:


44n CO 18n H O (25 0,85.32) gam n CO2 0,9 mol
2 2

2n CO2 n H2O (0,85.2 4x) mol n H2O 0,7 mol

n CO2 n H2O x mol x 0,2 mol
n CO2 0,9
S C 4,5 trong E c cha (COOCH3)2.
nE 0,2
+ Mt khc, thy phn 3 este ch thu c 1 mui v 2 ancol ng ng k tip
(C OOK)2
(C OOCH3 )2
NaOH 6, 28 gam Ete
0, 2 mol E (C OOC 2 H 5 )2 CH3OH (H1 %)
0, 4 mol C H OH (H %) 0,1 mol
H2SO4 c
CH OOC COOC H o
3 2 5 2 5 2
140 C
H O
2

2R ' OH H SO
2 4 c
Ete H2 O
+ Theo quy lut phn ng ete ha 140o C

mol : 0,2
0,1 0,1
m Ancol 6,28 0,1.18 8,08 gam
8,08
p dng bo ton khi lng, ta c: Mancol 40,4

n ancol phn ng 0,2 mol 0,2
CH3OH (32) ng vi
5,6 0,16 mol

S ng cho, ta c: 0, 4 mol M = 40, 4
ng vi
C 2 H5OH (46) 8,4 0, 24 mol

0,16H1 0,24H2 nancol phn ng 0,2 mol



H 50%
Khi kt hp cc gi thuyt ta c: 1
32.0,16H1 46.0,24.H2 nancol phn ng 8,08 gam
H 2 50%

Cu 91: X, Y l hai este u mch h, khng phn nhnh v c cng s nguyn t cacbon. t chy 15,9 gam
hn hp E cha X, Y cn dng 0,615 mol O2. Mt khc, un nng 15,9 gam E vi dung dch NaOH va thu
c hn hp F gm 2 ancol n chc ng ng k tip nhau v hn hp gm a gam mui A v b gam mui B
(MA > MB). Dn ton b F qua bnh ng Na d thy khi lng bnh tng 8,28 gam; ng thi thu c 2,688
lt kh H2 thot ra ktc. Gi tr ca a : b gn nht vi gi tr no sau y?
A. 2,4. B. 2,5. C. 2,6. D. 2,3.
Hng dn gii
m bnh tng m hh ancol m H2
2,688
+ X l d kin hn hp ancol, ta c: m hh ancol 8,28 .2 8,52 gam
n hh ancol 2n H2 0,24 mol
22,4

8,52 ng ng k tip CH3OH : x mol


M hh ancol 35,5
0,24 C 2 H5OH : y mol
32x 46y 8,52 gam x 0,18 mol
+ Khi ta c:
x y 0,24 mol y = 0,06 mol
+ Do X, Y u mch h v cc mch C khng phn nhnh S chc X, Y u < 3.
Mt khc, do 2 ancol thu c u n chc nO trong X, Y 2nhn hp ancol 0,48 mol .
p dng bo ton khi lng v bo ton nguyn t C, ta c:

Ngi thy trung bnh ch bit ni. Ngi thy gii bit gii thch,
Ngi thy xut chng bit minh ha. Ngi thy v i bit cch truyn cm hng
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44n CO2 18n H2O (15,9 0,615.32) gam


n CO 0,6 mol

2
2n CO2 n H2O (0,48 0,615.2) mol
n H2O 0,51 mol

Trng hp 1: X, Y u n chc.
n CO2 0,6
nX, Y nhn hp ancol 0,24 mol C X C Y 2,5 N* Loi.
n X, Y 0,24

ancol n chc
Trng hp 2: X, Y u hai chc X, Y l este 2 chc to bi axit 2 chc v ancol n.
n hn hp ancol n CO2 0,6
n X, Y 0,12 mol C X C Y 5.
2 n X, Y 0,12
R' no v R' 1
+ Do hn hp E l R(C OOR')2 E khng no th C E 5 .
X, Y hai chc
CX = CY = 5 th X, Y phi no n E n CO2 n H2O 0,09 mol 0,12 mol (mu thun)
0,6 mol 0,51 mol

Trng hp 3: Hn hp E cha 1 este n v 1 este hai chc to bi axit hai chc v ancol n.
CH3OH : 0,18 mol
hn hp F
R(COOR')2 : x mol NaOH C 2 H 5OH : 0,06 mol
15,9 gam E
R1COOR'' : y mol R(COONa)2
hn hp mui
R1COONa
2x y
+ Theo , ta c: nhn hp ancol 2x y 0,24 mol x y 2x y
2 nX, Y 0,24 mol
0,12 mol
p dng bo ton nguyn t C, ta c:
0,6 0,6 S C X, Y > 3
CX CY 2,5 C X C Y 5
(c Este 2 chc ca axit 2 chc v ancol n)
CX CY 4
0,24 0,12
E gm 1 este n v este 2 chc u c s C bng 4 thy phn sinh c hn hp CH3OH v C2H5OH phi
BT gc CH3
(COOCH3 )2 0,09 mol NaOH A : (COONa)2 : 0,09 mol
l

BT gc C 2 H5

3
CH COOC H
2 5 0,06 mol B : CH3COONa : 0,06 mol
201 gn nht
Vy a : b 0,09.134 : 0,06.82 2,5
82

Cu 92: X l este no, n chc, Y l axit cacboxylic n chc, khng no cha mt lin kt i C=C; Z l este 2
chc to bi etylen glicol v axit Y (X, Y, Z, u mch h, s mol Y bng s mol Z). t chy a gam hn hp
E cha X, Y, Z cn dng 0,335 mol O2 thu c tng khi lng CO2 v H2O l 19,74 gam. Mt khc, a gam E
lm mt mu ti a dung dch cha 0,14 mol Br2. Khi lng ca X trong E l
A. 8,6 gam. B. 6,6 gam. C. 6,8 gam. D. 7,6 gam.
Hng dn gii
X : RCOOR' : x mol (k 1) 0,335 mol O2 CO2
o 19,74 gam
a gam E Y : R''C OOH : y mol (k = 2) t
H 2 O
Z : (R''COO) C H : y mol (k = 4) 0,14 mol Br2
2 2 4 mt mu ti a.

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+ Do ni E lm mt mu ti a 0,14 mol dung dch Br2 thng tin qu gi ny c hiu nh sau :


Trng hp 1: X khng phn ng vi dung dch Br2.
7
p dng bo ton mol C C , ta c: y 2y nBr2 phn ng 0,14 mol y mol
150
Khi , p theo gi thuyt v mi lin h bt bo ha, ta c:
44n CO2 18n H2O 19,74 gam
bm my
14 s liu rt xu, khng th chp nhn (i vi Ton Ha Hc).
CO2
n n (y 3y) mol

H 2O
75
Comment: cn cc bn lm tip s tm ra c x mol thng qua BTNT O mu thun.
Trng hp 2: X phn ng vi dung dch Br2 X c dng HCOOR.
p dng bo ton mol C C , ta c: x y 2y nBr2 phn ng 0,14 mol 2x 2y 4y 2nBr2 0,28 mol .
Khi ,theo gi thuyt v p dng bo ton nguyn t O, ta c:
44n CO2 18n H2O 19,74 gam
n CO2 0,33 mol

2n CO n H O 0,335.2 (2x 2y 4y)
n H2O 0,29 mol

2 2
0,28 mol
y 3y n CO2 n H2O 0,04 mol
y = 0,01 mol
p dng mi lin h ca bt bo ha, ta c:
x y 2y 0,14 mol
x = 0,11 mol
n CO2 0,33 X c dng HCOOR
p dng bo ton nguyn t C, ta c: C X 3 X : HCOOCH3
nX 0,11
Vy : mX 0,11.60 6,6 gam
Comment: bi gi cm t ti a kh r nn ch cn mn cm cc bn s thy c bi ton xut hin
BTNT
trng hp 2. Bi ra ch hi v khi lng ca X,cn cc cht Y; Z Y l CH2=CH-COOH (0,01mol);
Z l (CH2=CH-COO)2C2H4 (0,01 mol).

Cu 93: X, Y l hai axit cacboxylic u n chc, mch h (trong phn t X, Y cha khng qu 2 lin kt v
50 < MX < MY); Z l este c to bi X, Y v etylen glicol. t chy 13,12 gam hn hp E cha X, Y, Z cn
dng 0,50 mol O2. Mt khc 0,36 mol E lm mt mu va dung dch cha 0,1 mol Br2. Nu un nng 13,12
gam E vi 200 ml dung dch KOH 1M (va ), c cn dung dch sau phn ng thu c hn hp F gm a gam
mui A v b gam mui B (MA < MB). T l ca a : b gn nht vi gi tr no sau y?
A. 2,9. B. 2,7. C. 2,6. D. 2,8.
Hng dn gii
0,5 mol O2
X : RCOOH CO2 H 2 O

13,12 gam E Y : R'C OOH 0,2 mol KOH mui A : RCOOK : a gam
Z : RCOOC H OCOR' F
2 4 mui B : R'C OOK : b gam
0,1 mol Br2
0,36 mol E mt mu va
Do cc cht trong E u cha nhm COO nn theo quy lut phn ng, ta c:
nCOO nKOH 0,2 mol nO trong E 2n COO 0,4 mol
Khi , p dng bo ton khi lng vo bo ton nguyn t O, ta c:
12n CO2 2n H2O (13,12 0,4.16) gam
n CO 0,49 mol

2
2n CO2 n H2O 0,5.2 0,4 mol
n H2O 0,42 mol

+ Mt khc th nghim phn ng vi dung dch Br2 theo bo ton mol lin kt C C ta c :

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0,1
0,36.S C C nBr2 0,1 mol S C C 0,278 trong E c cha cht c C C = 0 (axit no n).
0,36
+ Do X, Y u cha khng qu 2 lin kt axit cn li khng no chc 1 C C . (Gi a l h s t lng)
axit no n : ax mol (C C 0)
ax ay az 0,36 mol
0,36 mol axit khng no 1C C : ay mol (C C 1) ax 0,26 mol
este to bi 2 axit v etilen glicol : az mol ( ay az 0,1 mol
C C 1)

+ T th nghim t chy v thy phn hn hp E ta li c :


0,5 mol O2 CO2 : 0, 49 mol
axit no n : x mol (k 1)
H 2 O : 0,42 mol
axit khng no 1C C : y mol (k 2)
0,2 mol KOH F mui A : RCOOK : a gam
este to bi 2 axit v etilen glicol : z mol (k 3)

mui B : R 'C OOK : b gam
Theo gi thuyt v s mol KOH phn ng v mi lin h ca bt bo ha k, ta c:
x y 2z n KOH phn ng 0,2 mol
ax0,26 mol a = 2 ayaz0,1 mol
x 0,13 mol y + z = 0,05 mol.
y 2z n CO2 n H2O 0,07 mol

x y 2z 0,2 mol x 0,13 mol


n CO2 0,49
Theo ta c: y 2z 0,07 mol y 0,03 mol S C E 2,72
y z 0,05 mol z = 0,02 mol nE 0,13 0,03 0,02

Vy trong E phi c axit 1C hoc 2C. Mt khc do 50 < MX < MY X phi l CH3COOH (0,13 mol)
BTNT C
0,13.2 C Y .0,03 (C Y 2 2).0,02 nCO2 0,49 mol
SHIFT SOLVE
C Y 3 (CH2 CH COOH)
Vy khi :
X : CH3COOH : 0,13 mol
BT CH3 - v CH2 CH CH3 COOK : (0,13 + 0,02) mol
E Y : CH 2 CH C OOH : 0,03 mol F
Z : CH COOC H OCOCH=CH : 0,02 mol CH2 CH C OOK : (0,03 0,02) mol
3 2 4 2

0,15.98 gn nht
a :b= = 2,6727 2,7
0,05.110

Cu 94: Hn hp E cha 3 este u mch h v khng phn nhnh (khng cha nhm chc khc). un nng
20,62 gam E cn dng 280 ml dung dch NaOH 1M thu c hn hp F cha 3 ancol u no v hn hp mui.
Ly ton b hn hp mui ny un nng vi vi ti xt thu c duy nht mt hirocacbon n gin nht c
th tch l 5,6 lt (ktc). Mt khc t chy 20,62 gam E cn dng 0,955 mol O2 (ktc). Phn trm khi lng
ca ancol c khi lng phn t nh trong hn hp F l
Hng dn gii
+ Trong hn hp ch cha chc este v mch khng phn nhnh s chc ca cc este trong E u < 3.
2NaOH
+ Theo quy lut phn ng nung mui vi vi ti xt ta c: R(COONa)n CaO, t o
RHn Na 2 CO3
Vy hirocacbon n gin nht l CH4 (0,25 mol) n R(COONa)n 0,25 mol
Do cc este ch cha nhm chc este nn ta c n COO nNaOH 0,28 mol nO trong E 2.0,28 0,56 mol.
p dng bo ton khi lng v bo ton nguyn t O, ta c:
44n CO2 18n H2O (20,62 0,955.32) gam
n CO2 0,84 mol


2n CO2 n H2O (0,56 0,955.2) mol
n H2O 0,79 mol

+ Khng mt tnh tng qut, gi s mol ca 3 este ln lt l x mol, y mol v z mol.

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n NaOH 0,28
Theo S COO 1,12 E gm este n chc v este 2 chc.
n R(COONa)n 0,25
n CO2 0,84
Trng hp 1: trong E cha 2 este n chc x + y + z = 0,25 mol S C = 3,36
x y z 0,25
trong E c cha X: CH3COOCH3 (x mol; k = 1) v Y: R OOC CH2 COO R' (y mol; k = 2).
Este cn li n chc, suy ra Z l CH3COOR (z mol; k = 1).
Mt khc, 3 ancol u no nn khi theo gi thuyt, s mol NaOH v mi lin h bt bo ha k, ta c:
x y z 0,25 mol
y 0,03 mol
x 2y z n NaOH 0,28 mol MU THUN.
y n n
CO2 H2 O 0,84 0,79 0,05 mol

Trng hp 2: trong E cha 2 este hai chc v ng thi phi thu c 3 ancol no nn
R OOC CH 2 COO R'
trong E c cha X: CH3COOR (x mol; k = 1) v Y : (y mol; k = 2)
R' OOC CH 2 COO R'
Este cn li hai chc, suy ra Z l CH3COOROCOCH3 (z mol; k = 2).
Theo gi thuyt, s mol NaOH v mi lin h bt bo ha k, ta c:
x y 2z n CH4 0,25 mol x 0,18 mol
n CO2 0,84
x 2y 2z n NaOH 0,28 mol y 0,03 mol S C = 3,652
y z n n z 0,02 mol x y z 0,23
CO2 H2 O 0,84 0,79 0,05 mol
X l CH3COOCH3 (0,18 mol).
Do C R '' 2 BTNT C
0,18.3 0,02.( 6) C Y .0,03 nCO2 0,84 mol C Y 6 . Nu trong Y cha 2 gc
ancol ging nhau th 2C R' 3 C R' 1,5 khi R = CH3 ch thu c 2 ancol.
thu c 3 ancol th trong Y phi cha 1 gc R = CH3 gc ancol v R CH3.
Khi , ta c:

CH COOCH CH3 COONa : (0,18 + 0,02.2) mol
3 3
mui
0,18 mol CH 2 (C OONa)2 : 0,03 mol
0,28 mol NaOH
20,62 gam CH 3 OOC CH 2 COO R' CH3 OH : (0,18+0,03) mol

ancol R'OH : 0,03 mol
0,03 mol

CH3 COO R'' OCOCH 3 R''(OH) : 0,02 mol


2
0,02 mol
p dng bo ton khi lng ta c: 20,62 0,28.40 mancol (0,22.82 0,03.148) mancol 9,34 gam
(0,18 0,03).32
Vy: %mCH3OH .100 71,95%
9,34
Comment: Ngoi ra nu khng dng bo ton khi lng, cc bn c th t C Y 6 suy ra R = C2H5; sau
p dng bo ton nguyn t C tm ra c R = C2H4.

Cu 95: X l este n chc, Y l este hai chc (khng cha nhm chc khc; X, Y u mch h v c cng s
cacbon). t chy 14,94 gam hn hp E cha X, Y (s mol Y ln hn s mol X) cn dng 0,81 mol O2. Mt
khc un nng 14,94 gam E vi 165 ml dung dch NaOH 1M (va ), thu c hn hp cha 2 mui v hn
hp cha 2 ancol thuc cng dy ng ng k tip. Dn hn hp 2 ancol ny qua bnh ng Na d thy khi
lng bnh tng 6,165 gam. Ly ton b hn hp mui nung vi vi ti xt thu c hn hp cht hu c T.
Nu ly 0,36 mol T tc dng ti a vi bao nhiu ml dung dch Br2 1M
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Hng dn gii
+ X l d kin v hn hp ancol:
0,165
Ta c: nCOO nNaOH phn ng 0,165 mol nancol 0,165 mol
+ Na
n H2 mol
2
mancol m H2 m bnh tng
6,165 0,165
p dng bo ton khi lng, ta c: 0,615 gam 6,165 gam Mancol 38,36
n 0,165
ancol 0,165 mol
ancol ng ng k tip CH3OH : a mol a b 0,165 mol a 0,09 mol
0,165 mol
C 2 H5OH : b mol 32a 46b 6,33 gam b 0,075 mol
Khi : do n Y n X v nC2H5OH nCH3OH 2nC2H5OH Y ch cha 1 gc C2H5 v 1 gc CH3
Vy:
X : R1COOCH3 0,81 mol O2
CO2 H 2 O
0,015 mol
R1COONa R1H
COO CH3 V lt
2 mui
NaOH
1M
14,94 gam o Br
0,165 mol 2 2 2
R (COONa) 2
CaO, t R H 2
Y : R2 NaOH

COO C 2 H 5 2 ancol CH3OH : 0,09 mol

0,075 mol C 2 H 5OH : 0,075 mol
p dng bo ton khi lng v bo ton nguyn t O, ta c:
44n CO2 18n H2O (14,94 0,81.32) gam
n CO 0,72 mol

2
2n CO2 n H2O (0,165.2 0,81.2) mol
n H2O 0,51 mol

BTNT C
Do X, Y c cng s nguyn t C C X,Y .(0,015 + 0,075) = nCO2 = 0,72 mol C X,Y 8.
Cch 1:
BTNT H H X 8 H Y 12
HX .0,015 HY .0,075 2n H2O 1,02 mol HX 5HY 68
H2 13 H Y 11 (L)
Do hp cht hu c cha C, H, O th s H phi l s chn
R C 6 H5 : 0,015 mol C 6 H6 : 0,015 mol
1
R2 CH CH CH2 : 0,075 mol CH2 CH CH3 : 0,075 mol
0,36 0,3
Do 4 khi dng 0,36 mol T th nBr2 dng 0,075.4 0,3 mol V 0,3 lt
0,075 0,015 1
Cch 2: S dng mi lin h ca bt bo ha k.
k 5
k R 51 4
R1 C 6 H5
X
1
(k X 1).0,015 (k Y 1).0,075 nCO2 nH2O 0,21 mol
k R 32 1

k X 3
2 R2 CH CH CH2

Cu 96: X, Y l 2 axit cacboxylic u hai chc (trong X no, Y khng no cha mt lin kt C=C); Z l este
thun chc to bi X, Y v ancol no T. t chy 21,58 gam hn hp E cha X, Y, Z (s mol ca Y gp 2 ln s
mol ca Z) cn dng 0,275 mol O2. Mt khc un nng 21,58 gam E vi 440 ml dung dch NaOH 1M (va )
thu c mt ancol T duy nht v hn hp F gm a gam mui A v b gam mui B (M A < MB). Dn ton b T
qua bnh ng Na d thy khi lng bnh tng 1,76 gam; ng thi thu c 0,672 lt kh H2 (ktc). T l a : b
gn nht l.
A. 3,9 B. 3,7 C. 3,6 D. 3,8
Hng dn gii
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0,275 mol
O2 CO2 H 2 O
X : R '(COOH) 2 (k = 2)
x mol R '(COONa)2
Mui F
21,58 gam E Y : R(COOH)2 (k = 3) R(COONa)2
0,44 mol

+ Na m bnh tng 1,76 gam
2y mol NaOH

Z : Este to bi X, Y v ancol T Ancol T
H 2 : 0,03 mol
y mol
+ X l d kin v ancol no T l R(OH)n
mancol T 1,76 0,03.2 1,82 gam
1,82.n 91n
Theo gi thuyt, ta c: Mancol T
n OH 2n H2 0,06 mol
0,06 3
Vi Mancol T , n phi nguyn v do T no (CTPT dng C x H2x2 On ) Mancol T phi chn v n chia ht cho 3.
n 3 Mancol T 91 (Loi)
Khi : T l C6 H8 (OH)6 : 0,01 mol (Sorbitol)
n 6 Mancol T 182
Vy khi Z l este 6 chc to bi X, Y v C6 H8 (OH)6 y = 0,01 mol.
Khi theo gi thuyt 2x 2.0,02 6.0,01 n NaOH phn ng 0, 44 mol x = 0,17 mol.
2y y
Theo quy lut phn ng ta c: nCOO nNaOH phn ng 0,44 mol nO trong E 2.0,44 0,88 mol
p dng bo ton khi lng v bo ton nguyn t O, ta c:
44n CO2 18n H2O (21,58 0,275.32) gam
n CO 0,58 mol
2
2n CO2 n H2O (0,88 2.0,275) mol
n H2O 0,27 mol
n CO2 0,58
S C = 2,9 X l HOOCCOOH (0,17 mol).
n X n Y n Z 0,17 0,02 0,01
p dng mi lin h ca bt bo ha k, ta c:
(2 1).0,17 (3 1).0,02 (k Z 1).0,01 n CO2 n H2O 0,31 mol k Z 11
Do s C C trong gc R = 11 6COO 3Vng 2 Z cha 2 gc R ca axit khng no hai chc, 1 C C

BTNT C
Z l 0,17.2 (C R 2).0,02 (2 C R 12).0,01 n CO2 0,58 mol

R chc 1
C C R l CH CH
C R 2
BT gc OOC COO
NaOOC COONa 0,17 0,01 0,18 mol
F gm
BT gc CH=CH

NaOOC CH CH COONa 0,02 2.0,01 0,04 mol
a 0,18.134 gn nht
Vy 3,76875 3,8
b 0,04.160

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Nhn xt:
+ bi ton ny nt tht cn ci vic xc nh CTCT ca ancol no T. Bi ton hay ch cc bn khng
ng c ancol l sorbitol.
+ Nhiu bn khi gii s d on ancol T c gng p d kin v cho rng s liu ca c vn .
- Este to vi 2 axit 2 chc X, Y cho rng ancol T 4 chc, c p iu th suy ra khi lng bnh
mancol T 1,77 0,06 1,83 gam
1,83
tng phi l 1,77 gam v 0,06 MT 122 C 4 H6 (OH)4
n 0,015 mol 0,015

ancol T
4
- Vi n = 3 MT 91 gn vi 92 C3 H5 (OH)3
+ Nu cc bn thot ra c 2 sai lm trn th nghin ngm s thy c hng i t con s huyn o 1,82.

Cu 97: Hn hp E cha 3 este u c s nhm chc khng qu 2 v khng cha nhm chc khc (trong c
2 este l ng phn ca nhau v u c s nguyn t C khng qu 7). t chy m gam E bng lng oxi va
, thu c 1,59 mol CO2 v 1,2 mol H2O. Mt khc un nng m gam E cn dng 260 ml dung dch NaOH
1,5M thu c hn hp mui Y v hn hp Z cha 2 ancol u no c cng s nguyn t cacbon. Dn Z qua
bnh ng Na d thy khi lng bnh tng l 16,41 gam. Nung ton b Y vi NaOH/CaO n khi phn ng
xy ra hon ton thu c hn hp T cha 3 kh c t khi hi so vi He bng 4,875. Bit Z khng tc dng vi
Cu(OH)2 iu kin thng. Phn trm khi lng ca mui c khi lng phn t nh trong Y l
A. 18,7% B. 24,9% C. 12,4% D. 20,7%
Hng dn gii
Theo quy lut phn ng, ta c : nCOO nOH trong ancol n NaOH phn ng 0,39 mol
Gi thuyt v khi lng bnh tng cho ta :
mZ 16,41 0,39 16,8 gam mC, H trong anccol 16, 8 0, 39.16 10, 56 gam
Mt khc do E cha cc este c s nhm chc khng qu 2 nn ancol to este ti a 2 chc. Vy hn hp 2
Ancol no n : C n H2n 2 O (a mol) BTNT O
ancol no c cng s C gm a + 2b = 0,39 mol
Ancol no, hai chc : C n H2n 2 O2 (b mol)
0, 5a b a b < a 2b
0,195 mol nZ 0,39 mol
10, 56 n 3
mC, H trong ancol (14n + 2).(a + b) = 10,56 gam 14n 2 n 3, 725
ancol
2 chc
n 2
nZ
0,195
Mt khc v Z khng phn ng vi Cu(OH)2 iu kin thng n = 3.
C 3 H7 OH : a mol a 2b 0,39 mol a 0,09 mol
Vy 16,8 gam Z
C 3 H6 (OH)2 : b mol 60a 76b 16,8 gam b 0,15 mol
Do c 3 este u c s C 7 nn este 2 chc khng th to bi axit 2 chc v C3H7OH.
RCOOC 3 H7 : 0,09 mol BTNT C n CO2 1,59
E gm S C = 6,625 c este 7C.
(R'COO)2 C 3 H6 : 0,15 mol nE 0,09 0,15
2 este ng phn ca nhau C nguyn 0,09.7 0,15.C Este 2 chc 1,59 mol C Este 2 chc 6, 4 N (Loi)

0,09.C Este n chc 0,15.7 1,59 mol C Este n chc 6
Khng mt tnh tng qut gi k1, k2 ln lt l bt bo ha ca este n v este 2 chc. Khi , ta c :
k1 2
0,09.(k1 1) 0,15.(k 2 1) nCO2 n H2O 0,39 mol k1, k 2 nguyn

k 2 3
Vy Este n chc c k = 2, s C = 6 CH2 CH COO C3 H7 : 0,09 mol (1)

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Mt khc, do thu c 2 ancol nn khi 2 este ng phn ca nhau phi l 2 este hai chc. Vi este 2 chc c
k = 3 v s C = 7 th c th c cc trng hp sau :
CH2=CH-COOCH2 COOCH2 COOCH2
| | | | |
CH2 (CH2)2 CH2 CH3CH CH2
| | | | |
HCOOCH2 COOCH2 COOCH2
a mol (2) b mol (3) b mol (4)
Vy khi 3 este c th c gm (1), (2), (3) hoc (1), (2), (4).
Lu : khng c trng hp (1), (3), (4) v khi s ch sinh 2 kh v khng c kh no c M < 19,5.
Vi 2 trng hp trn
BTKL
mE 1,59.12 1,2.2 0,78.16 33,96 gam m Y 33,96 0,39.40 16,8 32,76 gam
mZ
0,39 32,76 0,39
Vi hn hp Y c cng thc tng qut l : R(C OONa)n : mol R = 17n.
n R 67n n
32,76 gam
13
M RHn R n 17n n 18n n
NaOH, CaO, t o 12
R(C OONa)n RH n
MT 19,5 n R(C OONa) 0,39 0,36 mol
n 13 / 12
n Este hai chc a b 0,15 mol a 0,12 mol
Khi , ta c :
n Y 0,09 2a b 0,36 mol b 0,03 mol
0,12.68
Vi mui c phn t khi nh trong Y l HCOONa (0,12 mol) %m HCOONa .100 24,9%
32,76

Cu 98: Ha hi hon ton 17,52 gam este X hai chc, mch h th th tch ng bng th tch ca 3,36 gam N2
(o cng iu kin). Y, Z (MY < MZ) l hai este u hai chc, trong phn t mi cht c bt bo ha khng
qu 4. un nng 23,16 gam hn hp E cha X, Y, Z (s mol X gp i s mol ca Z) cn dng 360 ml dung
dch NaOH 1M thu c hn hp cha 2 mui u c s nguyn t cacbon khng qu 4 v hn hp cha 2
ancol c cng s nguyn t cacbon. Mt khc t chy 23,16 gam E cn dng 0,79 mol O 2. Bit rng X, Y, Z
khng cha nhm chc khc. Phn trm khi lng ca Z c trong hn hp E l
Hng dn gii
0,36 mol NaOH 2 mui c s C 4
X : 2x mol

23,16 gam E Y : y mol 2 ancol cng s C
Z : x mol 0,79 mol O2
CO H O
2 2
+ Do X, Y, Z u 2 chc do theo quy lut phn ng, ta c: nCOO nNaOH phn ng 0,36 mol.
p dng bo ton khi lng v bo ton nguyn t O, ta c:
44n CO2 18n H2O (23,16 0,79.32) gam
n CO2 0,88 mol


2n CO2 n H2O (2.0,36 2.0,79) mol
n H2O 0,54 mol

0,36
+ Mt khc, nNaOH phn ng 2.(2x y x) 6x 2y 0,36 mol 3x y n X, Y, Z 0,18 mol (*)
2
n CO2 0,88 S C Este 2 chc 4
p dng bo ton nguyn t C: S C X, Y, Z 4,89 E c cha este c 4C.
n X, Y, Z 0,18

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(COOC 2 H 5 )2
m X 17,52 gam
17, 52 CH OOC COOC 3 H 7
+ X l, d kin tm X 3,36 MX 146 3
CH3OOC (CH 2 )2 COOCH3
n X 28 0,12 mol 0,12

CH3OOC CH 2 COOC 2 H 5

+ Do sau phn ng thy phn ch thu c 2 ancol c cng s C 1 ancol n chc, 1 ancol 2 chc c cng C.
Ancol 2 chc s C 2
X phi l (COOC2H5)2.

+ Mt khc do MY < MZ v trong E phi c este c 4C, to bi ancol c 2C Y l

Trng hp 1: Vi kZ = 2.
3x y 0,18 mol

Khi theo (*) v mi lin h ca bt bo ha k, ta c:
2x 2y x 3x 2y n CO2 n H2O 0,34 mol

1
x mol BTNT C 1 1
150 6.2. 4.0,16 C Z . n CO2 0,88 mol C Z 24 .
150 150
y 0,16 mol
+ Thy phn Z sinh c ancol c 2C do Z phi cha 2 gc C2H5 hoc 1 gc CH2CH2 .
C gc axit 24 2. 2 20 4 . (LOI do cc mui u c s C khng qu 4).
C2H5
Trng hp 2: Vi kZ = 3.
3x y 0,18 mol

Khi theo (*) v mi lin h ca bt bo ha k, ta c:
2x 2y 2x 4x 2y n CO2 n H2O 0,34 mol

x 0,01 mol BTNT C
6.0,02 4.0,15 C Z .0,01 nCO2 0,88 mol C Z 16 .
y 0,15 mol
+ Thy phn Z sinh c ancol c 2C do Z phi cha 2 gc C2H5 hoc 1 gc CH2CH2 .
C gc axit 16 2. 2 12 4 . (LOI do cc mui u c s C khng qu 4).
C2H5
Trng hp 3: Vi kZ = 4.
3x y 0,18 mol

Khi theo (*) v mi lin h ca bt bo ha k, ta c:
2x 2y 3x 5x 2y n CO2 n H2O 0,34 mol

x 0,02 mol BTNT C
6.0,04 4.0,12 C Z .0,02 nCO2 0,88 mol C Z 8 .

y 0,12 mol
+ Thy phn Z sinh c ancol c 2C do Z phi cha 2 gc C2H5 hoc 1 gc CH2CH2 .
C gc axit 8 2. 2 4 . Khi Z l C 2 H5OOC C C COOC 2 H5 (0,02 mol).
C2H5

Ngi thy trung bnh ch bit ni. Ngi thy gii bit gii thch,
Ngi thy xut chng bit minh ha. Ngi thy v i bit cch truyn cm hng
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0,02.(29 44 13).2
Vy %m Z .100 14,68%
23,16

Cu 99: t chy hon ton a mol cht hu c X (C, H, O) thu c x mol CO2 v y mol H2O vi x = y + 5a.
Hiro ha hon ton 0,15 mol X thu c 32,4 gam cht hu c Y. un nng Y vi dung dch NaOH va ,
c cn dung dch sau phn ng thu c hn hp E cha 2 mui natri ca 2 axit cacboxylic c cng s nguyn
t cacbon v phn hi cha ancol Z. t chy ton b E thu c CO2; 9,45 gam H2O v 23,85 gam Na2CO3.
Tng s nguyn t c trong X l
A. 23. B. 25. C. 27. D. 21.
Hng dn gii
+ Ta c x = y + 5a 5n X n CO2 n H2 O k X 6 .

23,85
+ Mt khc theo bo ton nguyn t Na, ta c: n NaOH phn ng 2n Na2CO3 2. 0,45 mol
106
k X 6
NaOH
+ Y hn hp mui ca axit; ancol Z v n NaOH phn ng 0,45
3
n X 0,15
X l este thun chc 3 chc to bi ancol 3 chc v cc axit c cng s C.
Do 2 mui ca axit c cng s C
X l este 3 chc
1 mui ca axit n chc v 1 mui ca axit hai chc.
Y phi no NaOH C n H 2n1O2 Na : 0,15 mol
Mt khc, hiro ha hon ton X thnh Y. Vy mui
n X n Y 0,15 mol C n H 2n4 O4 Na 2 : 0,15 mol
p dng bo ton nguyn t H, ta c: 0,15.(2n 1 2n 4) 2nH2O 1,05 mol n = 3 .
C 2 H5COONa : 0,15 mol
mmui 0,15.96 0,15.148 36,6 gam.
NaOOC CH 2 COONa : 0,15 mol

Do X c phn ng hiro ha nn X l este khng no, 3 chc :


Khi , p dng bo ton khi lng, ta c: mancol Z 32,4 0,45.40 36,6 13,8 gam.
nZ nY 13,8
Mancol Z 92 (C 3 H8 O3 ) ancol Z no . Vy R phi khng no.
0,15
k X 6
Khi , c 3 COO + 1 vng = 4 kR = 2 ( CH C )

Vy X l CTPT l C9H8O6. Vy tng s nguyn t l 9 + 8 + 6 = 23 .


Comment: Cu ny anh ngh l hay nht , nu em no gii c chun mc nh li gii ca anh th tht s
cc em rt gii. X l c cu ny chun mc th th an tm l s lm c t nht 1, 2 cu cht ca
THPT Quc Gia sp ti. a phn cc em khng x l c ch mui ca 2 axit c cng s C v cc em b
cun vo kX = 6 l c nh hnh este 3 chc ca ancol no, c 3 ni i gc axit (dng (RCH CHCOO)3 R' ).
M qun mt kh nng to vng ca axit 2 chc. Gii c nt tht th bi ny tr nn rt n gin!
Tuy nhin nu cc em tinh xu th cu ny tm ra p n ng ch trong 30 giy m thi. Vi X l este 3
chc v kX = 6 th CTPT tng qut dng: C n H2n10 O6 ; vy tng s nguyn t ca X = n + 2n 10 + 6.

Ngi thy trung bnh ch bit ni. Ngi thy gii bit gii thch,
Ngi thy xut chng bit minh ha. Ngi thy v i bit cch truyn cm hng
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Vi A. 3n 4 23 n = 9
Vi B. 3n 4 25 n = 9,67 (L Loi)

Th 4 p n, ta c:
Vi C. 3n 4 27 n = 10,33 (L Loi)
Vi D. 3n 4 21 n = 8,33 (L Loi)
Kinh nghim rt ra l Cc bi hay v kh thng c cch gii v cng c bit !.

Cu 100: X, Y, Z l ba axit cacboxylic n chc cng dy ng ng (MX < MY < MZ ), T l este to bi


X, Y, Z vi mt ancol no, ba chc, mch h E. t chy hon ton 36,6 gam hn hp M gm X, Y, Z, T
(trong Y v Z c cng s mol) cn va 36,96 lt O2 (ktc), thu c CO2 (ktc) v 23,4 gam H2O.
Mt khc, un nng 36,6 gam M vi lng d dung dch AgNO3/NH3. Sau khi cc phn ng xy ra hon
ton, thu c 43,2 gam Ag. Mt khc, cho 0,54 mol M phn ng ht vi 990 ml dung dch NaOH 1M v
un nng, thu c dch N. C cn dung dch N thu c m gam cht rn khan. Gi tr ca m gn nht
vi gi tr no sau y?
A. 44,45. B. 82,45. C. 79,90. D. 45,80.
Hng dn gii
36,96
p dng bo ton khi lng, ta c: mCO2 36,6 .32 23,4 66 gam n CO2 1,5 mol
22,4
36,6 12.1,5 2.1,3
p dng bo ton nguyn t O, ta c: n O trong M 1 mol
16
Do hn hp c phn ng trng bc suy ra trong hn hp c cha X l HCOOH X, Y, Z u no, n (k =1).
X : HCOOH : a mol (k = 1) O2 , t o
CO2 H 2 O

Vy hn hp M gm 36,6 gam Y,Z : RCOOH : b mol (k = 1) 1,5 1,3
AgNO3 /NH3
E : (RCOO)2 R OOCH : c mol (k = 3) Ag : 0,4 mol
p dng bo ton nguyn t O, s mol Ag v mi lin h bt bo ha k, ta c:
2a 2b 6c n O trong M 1 mol a 0,1 mol

n CO2 1,5
2a 2c n Ag 0,4 mol b 0,1 mol C trong M 5
c 0,1 mol nM 0,3
2c n CO2 n H2O 0,2 mol

C Y, Z 2

Do MX < MY < MZ nn v s mol X, (Y + Z) v E bng nhau nn suy ra C trong M bng trung bnh

E
C 3
CE

1 C Y,Z (2C Y,Z 1 C T ) Do C T 3 10


cng ca s C cc cht. Theo , C trong M 5 C Y,Z 3,33
3 3

Suy ra Y l CH3COOH. Mt khc, theo gi thuyt s mol Y = s mol Z


Y : CH3COOH BTNT C
2 CZ C X,Y 2,5 C T 5,5 (L Loi)
C Y,Z Z : CH3COOH
2
2 C X,Y 3,33 C 3 Y : CH3COOH C T 4 (Tha mn) T l C 4 H 7 (OH)3

BTNT C
X,Y
Z : C 3 H 5COOH

Ngi thy trung bnh ch bit ni. Ngi thy gii bit gii thch,
Ngi thy xut chng bit minh ha. Ngi thy v i bit cch truyn cm hng
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0,54 m rn ?
0,54 X, Y, Z: .0,2 0,36 mol 0,99 mol NaOH
Th nghim 2 : .36,6 gam 0,3 n H2O n X,Y,Z 0,36 mol
0,3 T : (0,54 0,36) mol
C 4 H 7 (OH)3 : 0,18 mol
p dng bo ton khi lng, ta c:
0,54
m rn .36,6 0,99.40 0,36.18 0,18.106 79,92 gam
gn nht
79,90 gam
0,3 KOH H O C H (OH)
2 4 7 3
M
Cu 101: X l peptit mch h c cu to t axit glutamic v mt - amino axit Y no, mch h cha 1 nhm
NH2 v 1 nhm COOH. tc dng va vi 0,1 mol X cn 0,7 mol NaOH to thnh hn hp mui trung
ha. Mt khc, t chy 6,876 gam X cn 8,2656 lt O2 (ktc). t chy m gam tetrapeptit mch h c cu
to t Y cn 20,16 lt O2 (ktc). Bit rng s lin kt peptit trong X l 4. Gi tr ca m l
A. 24,60. B. 18,12. C. 15,34. D. 13,80.
Hng dn gii
+ Do peptit X c to bi axit glutamic (1 nhm NH2 v 2 nhm COOH) v v mt - amino axit Y no,
mch h cha 1 nhm NH2 v 1 nhm COOH nn cn rng ch c 1 nhm COOH trong axit glutamic
to lin kt peptit, nhm cn li t do.
S N = a + b

+ Gi s X c to bi a gc Glu v b gc Y X c dng (Glu)a Yb : x mol vi S O = a + b + 1 + 2a
k
peptit 2a b
+ Do , theo quy lut phn ng thy phn peptit trong dung dch kim, ta c:
C n H 2n O2 NNa
(Glu)a Yb (2a b)NaOH Mui (a 1)H 2 O
n 2n 2
C H O NNa
mol : 1 7
(Gii thch: v c a nhm axit glutamic s c a nhm COOH t do phn ng vi NaOH sinh thm aH2O)
S N = 5
2a b 7 a 2
Khi theo gi thuyt, ta c: X l (Glu)2 Y3 : x mol vi S O = 10
a b 1 4 b 3 k
peptit 7
p dng bo ton khi lng, nguyn t O v mi lin h ca bt bo ha k, ta c:
12n CO 2n H O 16.10x 14.5x 6,876 gam 12n CO 2n H O 230x 6,876 gam n CO2 0,3 mol

2 2


2 2

2n CO2 n H2O 10x 0,738 2n CO2 n H2O 10x 0,738 mol n H2O 0,258 mol

n CO2 n H2O (7 1 0,5.5)x
n CO2 n H2O 3,5x 0
x 0,012 mol
Bo ton nguyn t C cho phn ng t chy: 0,012.5 C Y .0,012 0,3 mol C Y 5 (C 5H11O2 N Valin)
Vy tatrapeptit to bi Valin c cng thc phn t l 4 C 5H11O2 N 3H2 O C 20 H38O5N4 .
O2
Th nghim 2, ta c t chy pentapeptit c to bi Valin, ta c: C 20 H38O5N4
to
20CO2 19H2 O 2N2
1
p dng bo ton nguyn t O, ta c: 5n pentapeptit Y 2.0,9 40.n pentapeptit Y 19.n pentapeptit Y n pentapeptit Y mol
30
1
m pentapeptit Y .(12.20 38 16.5 14.4) 13,80 gam
30

Ngi thy trung bnh ch bit ni. Ngi thy gii bit gii thch,
Ngi thy xut chng bit minh ha. Ngi thy v i bit cch truyn cm hng
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Cu 102: X l este n chc; Y l este hai chc (X, Y u mch h). t chy 21,2 gam hn hp E cha X, Y
thu c x mol CO2 v y mol H2O vi x = y + 0,52. Mt khc un nng 21,2 gam E cn dng 240 ml dung dch
KOH 1M thu c mt mui duy nht v hn hp F cha 2 ancol u no. Dn ton b F qua bnh ng Na d
sau phn ng thy khi lng bnh tng 8,48 gam. S nguyn t H (hiro) c trong este Y l
A. 14. B. 12. C. 10. D. 8.
( thi th THPT Quc gia ln ln 3 THPT u Lc TP. H Ch Mnh, nm 2015)
Hng dn gii
CO2 : x y 0,52 mol
O2
o
RCOOR' H 2 O : y mol
t

21,2 gam E
(RCOO)2 R'' 0,24 mol KOH R'OH
RCOOK Na
m bnh tng 8,48 gam
R''(OH)2
Lu : Do bi khng ni lng kh bay ra khng ng k nn mbnh tng mancol mH2 8,48 gam .
0,24
Bo ton mol H linh ng, ta c: n OH trong ancol n KOH 2n H2 0,24 mol m H2 .2 0,24 gam
2
p dng bo ton khi lng cho phn ng thy phn v bo ton nguyn t K, ta c:
m RCOOK 21, 2 0, 24.56 (8, 48 0, 24) 25, 92 gam 26,16
M RCOOK 108 R l CH C
n RCOOK n KOH 0, 24 mol 0, 24
X : CH C COOR' : a mol k X 3
Khi : E v n O trong E 2a 4b 2.(a 2b) 0,48 mol
Y : (CH C COO) 2 R'' : b mol k Y 6 n KOH

2a 4b 0,48 mol
a 0,16 mol
BTNT O

2a 5b n CO2 n H2O 0,52 mol b 0,04 mol
(k 1) n E nCO n H O

2 2

x y 0,52 mol x 1,04 mol


Theo gi thuyt v bo ton khi lng, ta c:
12x 2y (21,2 0,48.16) gam y 0,52 mol
p dng bo ton nguyn t C, ta c: C X .0,16 C Y .0,04 nCO2 1,04 mol 4C X C Y 26
C X 4 C X 4 CH C COOCH3

Do 26 8
C nguyn

C Y (6 2) C X 4,5 C Y 10 (CH C COO)C 4 H8 H Y 10

4
Comment: Ngoi ra, do nCO2 2n H2O trong hn hp E, s C = s H nn C Y 10 HY 10

Cu 103: Hn hp E cha tripeptit X v pentapeptit Y (X, Y u mch h) trong phn trm khi lng oxi
trong X l 33,862% v phn trm khi lng nit trong Y l 21,148%. un nng m gam E cn dng 330 ml
dung dch NaOH 1M thu c hn hp gm mui ca glyxin v 6,66 gam mui ca alanin. Gi tr ca m l
A. 21,27 gam B. 22,18 gam C. 21,12 gam D. 22,64 gam
( thi th THPT Quc gia ln ln 3 THPT u Lc TP. H Ch Mnh, nm 2015)
Hng dn gii
16.4
Tripeptit : C x H y O4 N 3 %O 189 3.75 2.18 Gly Gly Gly
0,33862
E
Pentapeptit : C H O N %N 14.5 331 2.89 3.75 4.18 Ala Ala Gly Gly Gly


n m 6 5
0,21148

Ngi thy trung bnh ch bit ni. Ngi thy gii bit gii thch,
Ngi thy xut chng bit minh ha. Ngi thy v i bit cch truyn cm hng
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mui ca gly: C 2 H 4 O2 NNa


Gly Gly Gly : x mol 0,33 mol NaOH
m gam E 6,66
Ala Ala Gly Gly Gly : y mol mui ca ala: C 3 H6 O2 NNa : 0,06 mol
111
p dng bo ton nguyn t Na, ta c: nC2H4O2NNa 0,33 0,06 0,27 mol

n C H O NNa n Gly 3x 3y 0,27 mol x 0,06 mol



p dng bo ton gc amino axit, ta c: 2 4 2
n
3 6 2
C H O NNa n Ala 2y 0,06 mol y 0,03 mol
m 0,06.189 0,03.331 21,27 gam

Cu 104: Hn hp X gm tripeptit A; tetrapeptit B u c cu to t glyxin v alanin. Phn trm khi lng


N trong A v B theo th t l 19,36% v 19,44%. Thy phn hon ton 0,1 mol X bng dung dch NaOH va
thu c dung dch Y. C cn Y thu c 36,34 gam hn hp mui. T l mol gia A v B trong hn hp X
l
A. 7 : 4 B. 2 : 3 C. 3 : 2 D. 3 : 7
Hng dn gii
14.3
A : tripeptit %N = 217 2.89 75 2.18 Ala Ala Gly
0,1936

B : tetrapeptit %N = 14.4 288 3.89 75 3.18 Ala Ala Ala Gly

0,1944
Ala Ala Gly : x mol NaOH C H O NNa
0,1 mol 36,34 gam 2 4 2
Ala Ala Ala Gly : y mol C 3 H6 O2 NNa
n C H O NNa x y
p dng bo ton gc amino axit, ta c: 2 4 2
n C3H6O2NNa 2x 3y
x y 0,1 mol x 0,06 mol
n A : n B 0,06 : 0,04 3 : 2
97(x y) 111(2x 3y) 36,34 gam y 0,04 mol

Cu 105: X, Y l hai axit cacboxylic u hai chc, mch h thuc cng dy ng ng k tip; Z v T l hai
este thun chc hn km nhau 14 vC, ng thi Y v Z l ng phn ca nhau (MX < MY < MT). t chy
17,28 gam hn hp E cha X, Y, Z, T cn dng 10,752 lt O2 (ktc). Mt khc un nng 17,28 gam E cn dng
300 ml dung dch NaOH 1M thu c 4,2 gam hn hp gm 3 ancol c cng s mol. S mol ca X trong E l
A. 0,05 mol B. 0,04 mol C. 0,06 mol D. 0,03 mol
Hng dn gii
X : R'(COOH)2
0,48 mol O2 CO2
Y : R''(COOH)2
17,28 gam E H 2 O
Z, T l este thun chc 0,3 mol NaOH
4,2 gam 3 ancol c cng s mol
X
C C Y C Z C T

+ nNaOH phn ng n COO trong E 0,3 mol nO trong E 2n COO 0,6 mol
+ Do Y v Z l ng phn ca nhau nn Y cng phi mang 2 nhm COO v T hn Z 1 nhm CH2 nn T
cng mang 2 nhm COO hn hp E gm cc cht u c 4 oxi.
n 0,6
+ Vy n E O trong E 0,15 mol
4 4
p dng bo ton khi lng v bo ton nguyn t O, ta c:
Ngi thy trung bnh ch bit ni. Ngi thy gii bit gii thch,
Ngi thy xut chng bit minh ha. Ngi thy v i bit cch truyn cm hng
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44n CO2 18n H2O 17,28 0,48.32 gam


n CO2 0,57 mol

2n CO2 n H2O 0,6 2.0,48 mol
n H2O 0,42 mol

n CO2 0,57 do axit 2 chc nn C X 2
C X 2 kt
CY 3 CZ 3
S C E 3,8
C X 3 CY 4 CZ 4
kt
nE 0,15
+ Mt khc, do Z l este thun 2 chc nn CZ 4 Vy CZ = 4
X : HOOC CH 2 COOH
Khi :
Y : HOOC [CH 2 ]2 COOH
C 2 H 4 (OH)2 : a mol
Z : (HCOO)2 C 2 H 4

Y v Z ng phn
NaOH
4,2 gam CH3OH : a mol
T : H3 C OOC COO C 2 H 5
Z, T to c 3 ancol
C H OH : a mol
2 5
4,2 n 0,03 mol
a 0,03 mol
BT cc gc ru
Z
62 32 46 n T 0,03 mol
n X n T (0,15 0,06) mol n 0,06 mol

Theo gi thuyt v bo ton nguyn t C, ta c: nY nT X
n 0,03 mol
3n X 4y 0, 57 0,03. 4 5 Y

Cu 106: X l este no, n chc; Y l este n chc, khng no cha mt ni i C=C (X, Y u mch h). t
chy 10,56 gam hn hp E cha X, Y cn dng 10,08 lt O2 (ktc) thu c 6,48 gam nc. Mt khc un nng
10,56 gam E vi dung dch NaOH va thu c mt ancol duy nht v hn hp mui cha a gam mui A v
b gam mui B (MA< MB). T l ca a : b gn nht vi gi tr no sau y ?
A. 0,9 B. 1,2 C. 1,0 D. 1,5
Hng dn gii
0,45 mol O2
CO2 H 2 O
X : R1 COOR' : a mol (k = 1) 0,36 mol
10,56 gam
Y : R 2 COOR' : b mol (k 2) NaOH R1COONa
R'OH +
R2 COONa
18,48
p dng bo ton khi lng, ta c: mCO2 10,56 0,45.32 6,48 18,48 gam n CO2 0,42 mol
44
p dng bo ton nguyn t O v mi lin h bt bo ha k, ta c:
2a 2b 2.0,45 2.0,42 0,36 a 0,09
n CO2 0,42 X : HCOOCH3
C 2,8
b n CO2 n H2O 0,06 mol b 0,06 mol n X n Y 0,15
X,Y
Y : R2 COOCH3

BTNT C
0,09.2 0,06.C Y 0,42 mol C Y 4 (CH2 CHCOO CH3 )
HCOONa : 0,09 mol 0,09.68
a:b 1,085
gn nht
1,0
2
CH CHCOONa : 0,06 mol 0,06.94

Cu 107: Hn hp E cha 2 axit u mch h v khng phn nhnh. Ha hi hon ton 12,32 gam E th
th tch ng bng th tch ca 3,36 gam N2 (o cng iu kin). t chy 12,32 gam E cn dng 0,26 mol
O2 thu c 18,48 gam CO2. Mt khc 0,18 mol E lm mt mu va dung dch cha a mol Br2. Gi tr
ca a l
A. 0,33 mol . B. 0,18 mol . C. 0,36 mol . D. 0,24 mol.
Hng dn gii

Ngi thy trung bnh ch bit ni. Ngi thy gii bit gii thch,
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3,36
+ n12,32 gam E n N2 0,12 mol
28
p dng bo ton khi lng, ta c: mH2O 12,32 0,26.32 18,48 2,16 gam n H2O 0,12 mol
18,48
p dng bo ton nguyn t O, ta c: n O trong E 2. 0,12 0,26.2 0,44 mol
44
2n H2O 0,24
S H = 2
nE 0,12

S O = n O trong E 0,44 11 ( 3,67)



nE 0,12 3
Mt khc, c X v Y u c mch C khng phn nhn nhnh s chc (-COOH) khng qu 2.
1 ng vi
HCOOH 2 O 0,02 mol
3

11
O=
3
5 ng vi
HOOC R COOH 4 O 0,1 mol
3

BTNT C
0,02.1 0,1.C Y 0,42 mol C Y 4 (HOOC C C COOH)
0,18
HCOOH : 0,02. 0,03 mol
0,12
Vy: 0,18 mol E n Br2 phn ng 0,03 0,15.2 0,33 mol
HOOC C C COOH : 0,1. 0,18
0,15 mol

0,12

Cu 108: Hn hp A gm 3 oligopeptit X, Y, Z u c cu to t Gly, Ala v Val v E l este ca ancol


etylic v axit cacboxylic T no, n chc, mch h. Chia A thnh hai phn bng nhau:
+ Phn mt: t chy hon ton cn va 45,08 lt O2 (ktc) thu c hn hp kh v hi lm kt ta c ti
a 1,8 lt dung dch Ca(OH)2 1M.
+ Phn hai: thy phn hon ton cn V lt dung dch NaOH 0,75M thu c hn hp B ch cha mui natri ca
cc amino axit v axit T. t chy hon ton B thu c 0,925 mol CO2 v 1,05 mol H2O.
Gi tr ca V gn nht vi gi tr no sau y ?
A. 1,02 B. 1,80 C. 0,97 D. 1,60
Hng dn gii
H N R COONa (k = 1) 2,0125 mol O2 CO2 : 0,925 mol

B gm 2 to

RCOONa (k = 1)
H2 O :1,05 mol
Do t mui ca axit no, n lun cho mol CO2 = mol H2O (1 1 0,5)n mui amino axit n CO2 n H2O
nmui amino axit namino axit 0,25 mol
Quy i t chy hn hp A v t chy ipeptit v este T thu c 1,8 mol CO2
0,25

BT mol amino axit


n H NRCOOH 0,25 mol n C2n H4nO3N2 (ipeptit) 0,125 mol
2
2
C 2n H 4n O3 N 2 (ipeptit) : 0,125 mol 2,0125 mol O2 CO2 :1,8 mol

RCOOR' H 2 O
Do t chy ipeptit v este no, n u thu c mol CO2 = mol H2O n H2O 1,8 mol
p dng bo ton nguyn t O, ta c: 0,125.3 2n RCOOR' 2,0125.2 2.1,8 1,8 n RCOOR' 0,5 mol
Ngi thy trung bnh ch bit ni. Ngi thy gii bit gii thch,
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0,75
Vy n NaOH phn ng namino axit nRCOOR' 0,25 0,5 0,75 mol V =
0,75
1 lt
gn nht
1,02 lt

Cu 109: Hn hp E gm hai este X v Y c cng cng thc phn t l C4H8O2. Thy phn hon ton m
gam E trong dung dch KOH va thu c 3,92 gam hai ancol k tip nhau trong dy ng ng v khi
lng mui trong dung dch va ng m gam. Khi lng ca mui c phn t khi nh hn l
A. 4,200 gam. B. 4,704 gam. C. 3,400 gam. D. 3,808 gam.
Hng dn gii
RCOOR KOH RCOOK ROH
m gam m gam

p dng bo ton khi lng, ta c: mKOH mR'OH 3,92 gam n KOH n ROH 0,07 mol
HCOOK
43 (C H ) Este HCOOC H
3 7 3 7 C 3 H 7 OH
m RCOOK m RCOOR R ' 39 x mol

R 'OH hn hp 2 ancol k tip CH3 COOK
29 (C 2 H 5 ) CH 3 COOC 2 H 5 C 2 H 5 OH
Este

y mol
Trong X, Y phi cht c gc ancol >39, c 2 u c cng CTPT l C4H8O2 Mgc ancol max 43 (C3H7 ) . Do 2
ancol ng ng k tip nn gc ancol cn li l 29 (C2H5) .
x y 0,07 mol
x 0,05 mol m 0,05.84 4,2 gam
Khi ta c:
60x 46y 3,92 gam y 0,02 mol

Cu 110: un nng 24,8 gam hn hp E cha 3 peptit X, Y, Z u mch h cn dng 300 ml dung dch NaOH
1M thu c hn hp mui cha a mol mui glyxin v b mol mui lysin. Mt khc t chy 24,8 gam E trn
bng lng oxi va thu c N2, CO2 v H2O trong t l khi lng CO2 v H2O l 2,444. Gi tr ca a : b
gn nht vi gi tr no sau y?
A. 2,90. B. 2,70. C. 2,85. D. 2,60.
Hng dn gii
44n CO2
Theo gi thuyt, ta c : 2,444 n CO2 n H2O
18n H2O
Phn ng t chy cho ta : (k E 1 0,5.S N).n E n CO2 n H2O 0 k E 1 0,5.S N
Suy ra s N trong peptit lun l s chn s H cng lun chn
k 2 k E 10,5.S N
S N = 2 Peptit c dng A-A (vi A c 1-NH 2 , 1-COOH)
k E 10,5.S N
k 3 S N = 4 Peptit c dng A-A-B (vi B c 2-NH 2 , 1-COOH)
Mt khc, k E 2
k E 10,5.S N
k 4 S N = 6 Peptit c dng A-A-B-B (vi B c 2-NH 2 , 1-COOH)
Tng t cho k = 5, 6, 7.....
k E n 2
O2 . t o
V th khi t peptit E n CO2 n H2O Peptit E c dng (A)2 (B)n vi S N = 2n+2
S O = n + 3

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C 2 H 4 O2 NNa : a mol
E : (Gly)2 (Lys)n NaOH H2 O
Vy 6 13 2 2
C H O N Na : b mol

mol : x 0,3 x
p dng bo ton nguyn t Na, ta c : n Na trong mui n NaOH a b 0,3 mol

n Gly 2x a mol

BT mt xch amino axit
2x nx 0,3 mol (1)
n Lys nx b mol

p dng bo ton khi lng, ta c: 97.2x 168.nx 18x 24,8 0,3.40 gam (2)
17 34 34
x 2x
2x nx 0,3 mol 155 155 a 155 2,72
gn nht
T (1) v (2) 2,70
212x 168nx 36,8 gam nx 5 b 5

62 62

Cu 111: Peptit X v peptit Y u mch h c cu to t cc -amino axit no; Z l este thun chc ca
glyxerol v 2 axit thuc cng dy ng ng axit acrylic. t chy 0,16 mol hn hp E cha X, Y, Z c t l
mol tng ng 1 : 2 : 5, sn phm chy gm CO2, H2O v N2 c dn qua bnh ng nc vi trong d thu
c 196,0 gam kt ta; ng thi khi lng bnh tng 112,52 gam. Kh thot ra khi bnh c th tch l 2,688
lt (ktc). Mt khc un nng 64,86 gam E bng dung dch NaOH va thu c lng mui l
A. 67,74 gam. B. 83,25 gam. C. 78,24 gam. D. 93,75 gam.
Hng dn gii
196
n CO2 m CaCO3 1,96 mol
0,16

100
n X, Y 8 .3 0,06 mol 112,52 1,96.44
Theo gi thuyt, ta c: v n H2O 1,46 mol
n 0,16 .5 0,1 mol 18
Z 8 2,688
n N2 22,4 0,12 mol

k Z 3 COO 3C C 6

Z l trieste ca glixerol v 2 axit khng no c 1C C

Z c dng C x H y O6 (0,1 mol)
Mt khc, ta li c nCO2 n H2O 1,96 1,46 5.0,1 k Z 1 n Z
k peptit n 2

V th khi t peptit X,Y
o
O2 . t
n CO2 n H2O Peptit X,Y c dng (A)2 (B)n vi S N = 2n+2
S O = n + 3

(Vi A, B l amino axit no, mch h; A c 1 NH2, 1 COOH v B c 2 NH2, 1 COOH)
p dng bo ton nguyn t N, ta c: n N trong E 0,06.(2n 2) 2n N2 0,24 mol n = 1

p dng bo ton khi lng, ta c: m E 12.1,96 2.1,46 16.[0,1.6 0,06.(1 3)] 14.0,24 43,24 gam
mC mH mO mN
X, Y 3NaOH
Mui H 2 O

mol : 0,06 0,18 0,06
+ Nu ly 0,16 mol E thy phn trong NaOH th ta c: E
Z 3NaOH Mui C 3 H 5 (OH)3
mol : 0,1 0,3
0,1

Ngi thy trung bnh ch bit ni. Ngi thy gii bit gii thch,
Ngi thy xut chng bit minh ha. Ngi thy v i bit cch truyn cm hng
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(Lu : do n = 1 k peptit 1 2 3 , peptit c to bi cc -amino axit no nn k peptit k CONH k COOH ).


Khi theo bo ton khi lng, ta c: m mui 43,24 0,48.40 0,06.18 0,1.92 52,16 gam
mE mNaOH m H2 O mC3H5 ( OH )3

64,86
Vy nu ly 64,86 gam E thy phn trong NaOH th m mui 52,16. 78, 24 gam
43, 24
Cu 112: X, Y, Z l 3 este u n chc, mch h (trong X, Y cng dy ng ng; Z khng no cha mt
lin kt C=C). t chy 13,08 gam hn hp E cha X, Y, Z (s mol Y ln hn s mol ca Z) cn dng 0,51 mol
O2. Mt khc un nng 13,08 gam E vi 200 ml dung dch NaOH 1M (va ) thu c hn hp cha 2 ancol
k tip v hn hp cha 2 mui gm a mol mui A v b gam mui B (M A < MB). T l ca a : b gn nht vi
gi tr no sau y?
A. 6,4. B. 6,5. C. 6,6. D. 6,3.
Hng dn gii
Theo quy lut phn ng thy phn este ta c: nCOO nNaOH phn ng 0,2 mol
p dng bo ton khi lng v bo ton nguyn t O, ta c:
44n CO2 18n H2O (13,08 0,51.32) gam
n CO 0, 48 mol

2
2n CO2 n H2O (2.0,2 2.0,51) mol
n H2O 0, 46 mol

n CO2 0, 48
Do X, Y, Z u n S C X, Y, Z 2, 4 trong E cha X l HCOOCH3.
n X, Y, Z 0,2
Theo gi thuyt X, Y thuc cng dy ng ng nn ta c X, Y u no, n chc. Mt khc, sau phn ng thy
phn thu c 2 ancol k tip v 2 mui ancol cn li l C2H5OH.
thu c 2 mui
+ Nu Y cha c dng RCOO- vi R H Z phi c dng HCOOR vi R lc cha 1
lin kt ni i C=C khng thu c ancol thuc dy ng ng ca CH3OH.
Vy Y phi l HCOOC2H5 v Z c dng RCOOR.
0,51 mol O

2 CO H O
2 2
X : HCOOCH3 (k = 1, x mol) CH3 OH
ancol
13,08 gam E Y : HCOOC 2 H 5 (k = 1, y mol)
0,2 mol NaOH C 2 H 5 OH
Z : RCOOR' (k = 2, z mol)
HCOONa : a gam
mui
RCOONa : b gam
Theo mi lin h ca bt bo ha k, ta c:
n X x mol
nZ z nCO2 n H2O 0,02 mol
n Y (0,2 0,02) x (0,18 x) mol
p dng bo ton nguyn t C, ta c: 2x 3.(0,18 x) C Z .0,02 nCO2 0,48 mol
C Z .0,02 x 0,06
0,16 0,06
Mt khc do n Y n Z 0,18 x > 0,02 x < 0,16 mol C Z 5.
0,02
Cz 4
Do Z l este khng no, n chc c 1 ni i C=C CZ = 4 (Z l CH2=CH-COOCH3).
BT nhm HCOO v CH2 CHCOO HCOONa : (x y) 0,18 mol

CH2 CH COONa : 0,02 mol
a 0,18.68 gn nht
6,51 6,5
b 0,02.94

Ngi thy trung bnh ch bit ni. Ngi thy gii bit gii thch,
Ngi thy xut chng bit minh ha. Ngi thy v i bit cch truyn cm hng
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Cu 113: X, Y l hai cht hu c thuc dy ng ng ca axit acrylic; Z l axit no, hai chc (X, Y, Z u
mch h). t chy 15,96 gam hn hp E cha X, Y, Z bng lng oxi va thu c 5,4 gam nc. Mt
khc 0,45 mol E lm mt mu va dung dch cha 0,15 mol Br2. Nu ly 15,96 gam E tc dng vi 600 ml
dung dch KOH 1M, c cn dung dch thu c m gam rn khan. Gi tr ca m gn nht vi gi tr no y?
A. 44,0. B. 45,0. C. 46,0. D. 47,0.
Hng dn gii
O2
CO2 H 2 O

0,3 mol
15,96 gam E X, Y : R COOH : x mol (k = 2) R COOK


Z : R '(C OOH) : y mol (k = 2) 0,6 mol KOH
2
rn R '(C OOK)2 H 2 O

KOH d

0,15 mol Br2


0, 45 mol E
mt mu va
+ Do Z l axit no, hai chc ch X, Y phn ng vi dung dch Br2
1
n X, Y nBr2 phn ng 0,15 mol = n E . Vy trong 15,96 gam E c n X, Y x mol n Z y 2x mol
3
p dng bo ton khi lng, bo ton nguyn t O v mi lin h ca bt bo ha k, ta c:
15,96 32n O2 44n CO2 5, 4
n O2 0,33 mol
5, 4 n X, Y 0,06 mol

(2x 4.2x) 2n O2 2n CO2 n CO2 0, 48 mol
18 n Z 0,12 mol

x 2x n CO2 n H2O n CO2 0,3 x 0,06 mol

p dng bo ton khi lng cho phn ng hn hp vi KOH, ta c:


gn nht
m rn 15,96 0,6.56 (0,06 0,12.2).18 44,16 gam
44 gam
mH O
2

Cu 114: X l axit n chc, khng no cha mt lin kt i C=C; Y l axit no, hai chc, Z l este no, hai chc
(X, Y, Z u mch h). un nng 17,84 gam hn hp E cha X, Y, Z vi 120 gam dung dch MOH 12% (M l
kim loi kim), c cn dung dch sau phn ng thu c phn rn F ch cha 2 mui. t chy hon ton rn F
thu c H2O; 0,18 mol M2CO3 v 0,26 mol CO2. Mt khc t chy 17,84 gam E thu c 0,48 mol CO2.
Phn trm khi lng ca mui c phn t khi ln trong hn hp F l
A. 85,08%. B. 76,89%. C. 70,63%. D. 86,30%.
Hng dn gii
M 2 CO3 : 0,18 mol
X : RCOOH : x mol (k = 2) 120 gam dd O2

MOH 12% rn F CO2 : 0,26 mol
to
17,84 gam E Y : R'(COOH)2 : y mol (k = 2) H O
Z: R'(C OOR'') : z mol (k = 2) 2
2
O2 , t o
CO2 : 0, 48 mol
120.0,12
p dng bo ton nguyn t M, ta c: nM 2n M2CO3 0,36 mol = M 23 (Na)
M 17
Do phn rn F ch cha 2 mui nn NaOH phn ng ht nNaOH nCOO 0,36 mol
p dng bo ton khi lng cho phn ng t chy E v bo ton nguyn t O, ta c:
17,84 32n O2 44.0, 48 18n H2O
n O 0,26 mol

2
2.0,36 2n O2 2.0, 48 n H2O
n H2O 0,28 mol

Ngi thy trung bnh ch bit ni. Ngi thy gii bit gii thch,
Ngi thy xut chng bit minh ha. Ngi thy v i bit cch truyn cm hng
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p dng mi lin h ca bt bo ha k, ta c: nX, Y, Z nCO2 nH2O 0,48 0,28 0,2 mol


RCOOH : x mol
n CO2 0, 48
S C X, Y, Z 2, 4 E gm HOOC COOH : y mol
n X, Y, Z 0,2 (COO R '') : z mol
2

x y z n X, Y, Z 0,2 mol
x 0,04 mol
Khi theo gi thuyt, ta c:
x 2y 2z n NaOH 0,36 mol
y z 0,16 mol
t mui F O2
Mt khc
nC n CO2 n Na2CO3 0, 44 mol
O2
t E CO2 : 0, 48 mol
nC trong gc R'' 0,48 0,44 0,04 mol
p dng bo ton nguyn t C, ta c: C X .0,04 2y 2z 0,04 n C trong E 0, 48 mol
0,32 mol nC trong R''
CH2 CH COONa : 0,04 mol
C X 3 (CH2 CH COOH) F gm
(COONa)2 : 0,16 mol
0,16.134
%m NaOOC COONa .100 85,08%
0,16.134 0,04.94

Cu 115: Hn hp hi E cha 2 ancol u mch h v 1 anken. t chy 0,2 mol E cn dng 0,48 mol O2,
thu c CO2 v H2O c tng khi lng 23,04 gam. Mt khc dn 0,2 mol E qua bnh ng Na d thy khi
lng bnh tng 6,4 gam; ng thi thy thot ra 1,792 lt kh H2 (ktc). Nu ly 19,2 gam E lm mt mu
ti a V ml dung dch Br2 1M. Gi tr ca V l.
A. 300 ml B. 450 ml C. 400 ml D. 350 ml
Hng dn gii
0, 48 mol O2
CO2 H 2 O
C a H 2a
23,04 gam
0,2 mol E R(OH)n
R'(OH) bnh Na d m bnh tng 6,4 gam
m
H 2 : 0,08 mol
V ml dung dch Br2 1M
19,2 gam E mt mu ti a
Na 1
Theo quy lut phn ng : OH H2 nOH trong E 2n H2 0,16 mol
2
phn th nghim hn hp E vo bnh Na d s gip ta nh c lng ancol.
Lu :
+ Cc anken c s C 4 th kh iu kin thng s thot ra khi bnh.
+ m bo tnh cht ch ca bi ton BTKL
mE 23,04 0,48.32 7,68 gam
Nu ch c kh H2 thot ra mE mbnh tng m 6,4 0,16 6,56 gam < 7,68 gam (Mu thun)
H
2
m Ancol m bnh tng m 6,4 0,16 6,56 gam
H2
Vy anken khng b gi li trong bnh
m Ca H2a 7,68 6,56 1,12 gam

Theo gi thuyt v bo ton nguyn t O, ta c :

Ngi thy trung bnh ch bit ni. Ngi thy gii bit gii thch,
Ngi thy xut chng bit minh ha. Ngi thy v i bit cch truyn cm hng
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n CO2 0,36
S C = = 1,8
44n CO2 18n H2O 23,04 gam
n CO2 0,36 mol
nE 0,2


2n CO2
n H 2 O (0,16 2.0,48) mol n
2 H O 0,4 mol S H = 2n H2O = 2.0,4 = 4

nE 0,2
Cch 1: Tm cng tc cu to ca cc cht trong hn hp E
1,12
C 2 H 4 28 0,04 mol n C 2 H 4 : 0,04 mol
ancol nOH trong E 0,16 mol
0,2 mol E
cc ancol u n
CH 4 O : x mol
CH 4 O 0,16 mol
0,16 mol
C n H 4 Om C n H 4 O : y mol

k 1
Mt khc, ta c n H O n CO n hn hp ancol C nH4O CH C CH2 OH
S H = 4
2 2
0,04 mol 0,16 mol
x y 0,16 mol x 0,1 mol
Khi theo gi thuyt, ta c:
32x 56y mancol 6,56 gam y 0,06 mol
m th nghim 2 19,2
+ Do 2,5
m th nghim 1 (ng vi 0,2 mol) 7,68
CH2 CH2 : 0,04.2,5 0,1 mol
BTLK CC 0,1 0,15.2
CH3OH : 0,1.2,5 0,25 mol VBr2 0,4 lt = 400 ml
CH C CH OH : 0,06.2,5 0,15 mol 1
2
Cch 2: Da vo s lin kt C C trung bnh.
Do hn hp E ch gm cc ancol v anken, khng cha cc hp cht cha lin kt C=O nn ta c k C C .
Khi gi k l s lin kt C C trung bnh trong E.
p dng mi lin h ca bt bo ha k, ta c : (k 1).0,2 nCO n H O 0,04 mol k = 0,8.
2 2
m th nghim 2 19,2
+ Do 2,5
m th nghim 1 (ng vi 0,2 mol) 7,68
BTLK
CC n .n 0,8.0,2.2,5 0,4 mol V 0,4
Br2 C C E Br2 0,4 lt hay 400 ml
1

Cu 116: Hn hp E cha 3 peptit X, Y, Z (MX < MY < MZ) u mch h c tng s nguyn t oxi l 14 v s
mol ca X chim 50% s mol ca hn hp E. t chy x gam hn hp E cn dng 1,1475 mol O 2, sn phm
chy dn qua dung dch KOH c d thy khi lng bnh tng 60,93 gam; ng thi c mt kh duy nht thot
ra. Mt khc un nng x gam E vi dung dch NaOH va , thu c dung dch ch cha 0,36 mol mui ca A
v 0,09 mol mui ca B (A, B l hai -aminoaxit no, trong phn t cha 1 nhm NH2 v 1 nhm COOH).
Phn trm khi lng ca Z c trong hn hp E l.
A. 20,5% B. 13,7% C. 16,4% D. 24,6%
Hng dn gii
Nhng iu cn thit gii ton peptit dng ny.
Ta c mt peptit X c to bi cc -aminoaxit no cha 1 nhm NH2 v 1 nhm COOH.
Lc ta c

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Ngi thy xut chng bit minh ha. Ngi thy v i bit cch truyn cm hng
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C
H
CO 2
O2 nCO2 nH 2O
n-peptit (X) O (n 1) H 2O nX =
N n N
1
2 2
n
Nhn xt: nu = 2 ngha l X l i-peptit nCO2 = nH2O
Phn ng thy phn:
0
(X)n + (n 1)H2O
t
n (cc -aminoaxit)
0
2(X)n + (n 2)H2O t
n(Y)2
x mol
Do ta t chy hn hp i-peptit ng ngha ta t chy hn hp peptit ban u v x mol H2O.
bi: t chy m gam hn hp E cha 3 peptit c to bi cc -aminoaxit no cha 1 nhm NH2 v 1
nhm COOH cn dng a mol O2, thu c z mol H2O.
S
a mol O2 CO2 y
i peptit
m peptit 18x H 2 O y

x mol H 2 O
3y 2a
Bo ton nguyn t O n i peptit (v i-peptit cha 3 nguyn t O)
3
M ta lun c: y x = z

p dng vo bi ton.
Nhn xt: 0,36 mol mui A (NH2-RCOONa) v 0,09 mol mui B (NH2-R-COOna)
nNaOH = 0,45 mol
0
2(X)n + (n 2)H2O
t
n(Y)2
Mol: x mol
0
i-peptit + 2 NaOH t
mui
s mol i-peptit = 0,225 mol
1,1475 mol O2 CO2 y
i peptit
0,225mol H 2 O y

x mol H 2 O
0,225 3 + 1,1475 2 = 3y y = 0,99 mol
60,93 0,99 44
nH2O sinh ra khi t chy E = 0,965mol
18
0,99 x = 0,965 x = 0,025 mol

mi peptit 0,99 14 0,225 2 14 0,225 3 16 30,96gam

n 0, 225 2 0, 225
M: n 2, 25 n E 0, 2mol v
n 2 0, 025 2, 25
0,99
CE 4,95 X l Gly-Gly (0,1 mol)
0, 2

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p dng nh lut bo ton khi lng trong phn ng thy phn


30,96 + 0,45 40 = mmui + 0,225 18 mmui = 44,91 gam
0,36 97 + 0,09 B = 44,91 B = 111 B l mui ca Ala.
0,99 0,1 4
Ta c: CY,Z 5,9 Y l Gly-Ala
0,1
M E c tng s nguyn t oxi bng 14 Z l hepta-peptit
0,99 0,965
nZ = 0, 01 mol nY = 0,09 mol Z l (Gly)7
7
1
2
0,01(75 7 18 6)
% mZ = 100 13,7%
30,96 0,025 18
Cu 117: Cho m gam hn hp X gm 2 ancol n chc X1, X2 ng ng k tip (MX1 < MX2), phn ng vi
CuO un nng thu c 0,25 mol nc v hn hp Y gm 2 andehit tng ng v 2 ancol d. t chy hon
ton Y thu c 0,5 mol CO2 v 0,65 mol nc. Mt khc cho Y tc dng vi lng d dung dch AgNO3/NH3,
kt thc phn ng thu c 0,9mol Ag. Hiu sut to andehit ca X1, X2 ln lt l?
A.50, v 66,67 B. 66,67 v 50 C. 66,67 v 33.33 D. 33,33 v 50
Hng dn gii
t chy Y nCO2 = 0,5 mol ; nH2O = 0,65 mol Hai ancol X1, X2 l no
s mol ancol d = 0,15 mol
M: s mol ancol phn ng = s mol andehit = 0,25 mol
nY = 0,4 mol MY 1, 25 HCHO v CH3CHO
HCHO 4Ag a b 0, 25 a 0, 2

CH3 CHO 2Ag 4a 2b 0,9 b 0, 05
HCHO CO2 CH OH d = 0,1
3 nCO2 do ancol d sinh ra = 0,2 mol
CH3 CHO 2CO2 C2 H5 OH d = 0,05
CH OH b = 0,3 HS (X1 ) 66, 67%
3
C2 H5 OH b = 0,1 HS (X2 ) 50, 00%
Cu 118: Hn hp E cha mt axit cacboxylic X v ancol a chc Y (X, Y u no v mch h). t chy 0,16
mol E cn dng 0,32 mol O2 thu c CO2 v H2O c t l mol 1 : 1. un nng E c mt H2SO4 c lm xc tc
thu c cht hu c (Z) mch h. Ly 0,175 mol (Z) tc dng vi 700 ml dung dch NaOH 1M va , c cn
dung dch sau phn ng thu c 46,9 gam rn. S nguyn t hydro (H) c trong (Z) l.
A. 6 B. 10 C. 8 D. 4
Hng dn gii
X 0,32 mol O2 CO2 1
Nhn xt
Y H 2 O 1

X l axit cacboxylic no, hai chc v hn th nX = nY = 0,08 mol

mR(COONa)2 46,9

Z l hp cht hu c to bi X v Y R 134 134 R 0

n R(COONa) 2
0,35

X : (COOH)2 0, 08 0,32 mol O2 CO2 0,16 0, 08n



Y : Cn H 2n 2O x 0, 08 H 2O 0,16 0, 08n

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0,32 + 0,08x + 0,64 = 0,48 + 0,24n 3n = 6 + x x = 3 ; n = 3


Y l C3H5(OH)3
V nZ : nNaOH = 1 : 4 ; Z li mch h nn Z c CTCT l
HOOC-COO-CH2
|
HCOO-COO-CH
|
HO-CH2
Cu 119: un nng hn hp X cha 2 este u n chc, mch h vi 400 ml dung dch NaOH 1M, thu c
dung dch Y ch cha 2 mui v hn hp Z cha 2 ancol thuc cng dy ng ng k tip. Ly ton b Z un
nng vi H2SO4 c 1400C thu c 12,78 gam hn hp gm 3 ete (bit hiu sut ete ha ca 2 ancol u
bng 75%). C cn Y sau nung vi vi ti xt thu c hn hp kh c t khi so vi H 2 bng 6,6. Phn trm
khi lng ca este c khi lng phn t nh l.
A. 46,2% B. 51,1% C. 56,4% D. 48,8%
Hng dn gii
Ta c: nZ = nNaOH = 0,4 mol nZ phn ng = 0,3 mol nH2O = 0,15 mol
mZ phn ng = 12,78 + 0,15 18 = 15,48 gam M Z 51, 6
C H OH 0, 24
Z cha 2 5 mZ ban u = 20,64 gam
C3H7 OH 0,16
Mui c dng RCOONa = 0,4 mol
RCOONa RH R + 1 = 13,2 R = 12,2 c 1 mui l HCOONa
mmui = 31,68 gam mX = 36,32 gam
Nu este l HCOOC2H5 = 0,24 Meste cn li = 96 C2H5COOC3H7
% (m) = 48,8%

Cu 120: Hn hp X gm 2 andehit n chc l ng ng k tip. Cho 20,8 gam X phn ng trng bc ti a


thu c 2 mol Ag. Nu hidro ha hon ton 10,4 gam X thnh 2 ancol tng ng l Y v Z (MY < MZ) ri un
nng vi H2SO4 c 1400C th thu c 3,78 gam hn hp ete. Bit hiu sut phn ng ete ha ca Y l 50% th
hiu sut phn ng ete ha ca Z l bao nhiu?
Hng dn gii
Nu 2 anehit cho khng cha HCHO nX = 1 mol MX 20,8 loi
Vy 2 anehit cho l HCHO v CH3CHO
30a 44b 20,8 a 0, 4

4a 2b 2 b 0, 2
Y : CH3OH 0, 2
s mol ancol phn ng = (0,1 + a)
Z : C2 H5OH 0,1
0,1 a
0,1 32 + 46a = 3,78 + 18 a = 0,04
2
Hiu sut = 40%

Cu 121: Hn hp A gm cc hp cht hu c u n chc, mch h tc dng c vi dung dch NaOH, c


s lin kt khng qu 2. B l hp cht hu c c cng thc C4H6O4 tc dng vi NaOH theo t l mol 1 : 2.
Trn A vi B thu c hn hp M, trong cht c khi lng phn t ln nht chim 50% v s mol.
phn ng vi m gam M cn dng 600 ml dung dch NaOH 1M. Mt khc t chy ht m gam M ch thu c
1,2 mol CO2 v 0,9 mol H2O. Phn trm khi lng ca cht c khi lng phn t nh nht trong M l
A. 19,49% B. 30,50% C. 12,99% D. 20,34%

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Hng dn gii
X (1 ) x mol

t : Y (2 ) y mol
C H O z mol
4 6 4
Xt trong A c cha cc hp cht anhydrit.
x 2y 2z 0, 6
loi. V th trong A cha cc chc axit v este.
y z 0,3
x y 2z 0, 6 x z 0,3
Do ta c: xy
y z 0,3 y z 0,3
Nu X hoc Y u c khi lng phn t ln x = 0,5(x + y + z) z = 0 (loi)
Vy C4H6O4 l cht c khi lng phn t ln
x y 0,1
z = 0,5(x + y + z) 2x = 2y = z
z 0, 2
1, 2 0, 2 4
CX,Y 0, 2
2
X : HCOOH

H z 2(0,9 0, 2 3) 3 Y : C3H 4O 2
X.Y 0, 2
0,1 46 100
%(m) HCOOH = 12,99%
1, 2 12 0,9 2 1, 2 16

Gi tng nhng g tt nht ca anh dnh tng em C gi n t hm qua. Gi ny th nhng ci


v Ha ny em chng quan tm ti na ri. Nhng vi anh y l nhng iu qu gi nht, tt nht ca
anh. Dnh tng cho em nhng iu anh qu gi, trn trng nht!

First moment: LeVi4195

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Ngi thy xut chng bit minh ha. Ngi thy v i bit cch truyn cm hng

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