HTRI

e ng e r
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T xcha
Issue 2 2008
E
500 members
50 countries
HTRIs increasing global presence

in brief
HTRI Adds e-Publications to Website
New e-Book from Poniewski and Thome and Presentations by Mller-Steinhagen
As a service to the heat transfer community, HTRI has added an e-Publications section to our public website at www.HTRI.net.
Here you can find recently released e-books and presentations from highly regarded researchers in heat transfer technology.
Currently available are the following:
e-Books Guest Presentations
Nucleate Boiling on Micro-Structured Surfaces Smart Surfaces for Improved Heat Exchangers
Mieczyslaw E. Poniewski (Director of the Institute Solar Thermal Power Plants - On the Way to Commercial Market
of Mechanical Engineering, Warsaw University of Introduction
Technology, Plock Campus, Poland) and John R. Thome
(Professor of Heat and Mass Transfer at the cole Professor Hans Mller-Steinhagen (Dr.-Ing. habil, D.Eng.,
Polytechnique Fdrale de Lausanne (EPFL), Switzerland) Dipl.-Ing., FREng, FIChemE, CEng, Institute of Technical
have encapsulated the state-of-the-art of nucleate pool Thermodynamics, German Aerospace Center (DLR)
boiling, focusing on the fundamentals of enhancing StuttgartCologneAlmria/Spain; Director, Steinbeis-
heat transfer using new technologies to fabricate micro- Transfer Center, Solar & Thermal Technology) gave these
structured surfaces. The book offers a broad survey of the presentations at the 2008 North American Meeting and
available literature. Annual Meeting of Stockholders.
e-News! debuts for HTRI e-Flash! subscribers

To streamline electronic delivery of news to our e-Flash! subscribers, we implemented e-News!, a compilation of
information that, in the past, you received via numerous e-Flash! messages. We intend to reserve e-Flash! messages for
urgent notice of events in your region or information that may impact your use of our products.
e-News! will be distributed periodically to announce technical reports, training opportunities, updates to the HTRI
website, and other relevant news. If you already subscribe to e-Flash!, youll automatically receive e-News! as well. To
begin or modify your subscriptions, visit our public website at www.HTRI.net.
Notice
In this issue... Holiday schedule on page 21 The articles and opinions in this newsletter are for general information only and
are not intended to provide specific advice.
Research Capabilities Expand at the RTC....................................... 4 Editor
Kathryn Alexander
Kistler Reaches Another Milestone.................................................. 5 Contact HTRI recycles
Renowned Guests Participate in North American Meeting.............. 6 Submit all correspondence regarding
The Exchanger to
HTRI Amends Corporate Bylaws..................................................... 7 Heat Transfer Research, Inc. +1.979.690.5050 office
Is My Exchanger Design OK?.......................................................... 9 Attn: The Exchanger +1.979.690.3250 fax
150 Venture Drive Newsletter@HTRI.net
Gain More Control over Tube Layout in Xist ................................. 10 College Station, Texas 77845 USA www.HTRI.net
Understanding Internal Thermosiphon Circulation . ...................... 12 Copyright and Trademarks
Turbulent Heat Transfer using CFD............................................... 13 Heat Transfer Research, Inc. All rights reserved.
TechTip: Model Flooding for Horizontal Tubeside Condensers...... 14 HTRI, HTRI.net, HTRI-Net, The Exchanger, Q, HTRI e-Flash!, HTRI Xchanger
Suite, HTRI Xchanger Suite Educational, Xace, Xfh, Xhpe, Xist, Xjpe, Xpfe,
HTRI Achieves Record Growth in FY 2008.................................... 16 Xphe, Xspe, Xtlo, Xvib, R-trend, ACE, CST, FH, IST, PHE, RKH, RTF, ST, ST
A Winning Combination.................................................................. 22 Educational, and VIB, as well as their respective logos, are either registered
trademarks or trademarks of Heat Transfer Research, Inc. Other trademarks
Highlights of 2008 Annual Meeting................................................. 24 mentioned are the property of their respective owners.
HTRI Welcomes New Members to Board of Directors and Cover image 2008 Jupiterimages Corporation; interior clip art from ClipArt
Technical Committee................................................................... 26 Gallery at www.microsoft.com.
Page 2 HTRI Issue 2 2008

corporate news
From the President
The HTRI brand remains strong. Our consortium has achieved a member
count of 500 companies and 400 Participating Affiliates in 50 countries.
We remain a vital operation in this difficult global economy. Challenges abound, balanced by
opportunities. Your loyalty is not taken for granted. HTRI staff are dedicated to ensuring that we
provide improved technology and value to our members. R. Stanley Kistler, Vice President, Research
& Technology, is evidence of staff commitment and a career of dedication to our mission. This
year was his 35th anniversary of employment. We celebrated his many accomplishments and this
milestone at the North American Meeting.
Volunteers Make a Difference Claudette D. Beyer

President &
Deserving of particular commendation this past fiscal year is the Board of Directors. Significant Chief Executive Officer
steps were taken to revise the governance structure to meet the evolving needs of HTRI. Special
gratitude goes to Larry G. Hackemesser, Chair (FY 2004 FY 2008), for championing changes that
better position HTRI for our second half-century of operations. At the August 2008 Board of Directors
meeting, Donald W. Meyer, who as Vice Chair was actively involved in these key events, was elected
Chair and Michael G. McMillion was elected Vice Chair. Deserving of particular
commendation
The Technical Committeesixteen persons elected to represent member companies throughout this past fiscal year is
the worldagain gave generously of their time and expertise to work with the technical managers the Board of Directors.
of HTRI. We appreciate the continuing leadership of the Chair, James J. Grant III, and Vice Chair, Significant steps were
Michael D. Kindschi. taken to revise the
governance structure
The Communication Committees (CCs) and Task Forces are additional proof of the power of the to meet the
consortium. Their input helps focus our research and testing on the operational realities of the evolving needs
global industries involved in HTRI. We are grateful to the chairs of the CCs, the companies who host of HTRI.
meetings, and all participants in these groups.
Celebrate Growth: Headquarters Expansion
On July 18, 2008, we purchased an additional 16.758 acres adjacent to the Research & Technology
Center (RTC) site in Navasota, Texas, USA. We are designing our new headquarters with room for
future expansion. We are indeed fortunate to be facing this next stage of our business life-cycle.
Our 47th Year of Business
HTRI is investing in advanced research and testing equipment, as well as in engineering staff
to tackle the needs of industry and expand our technology. Plans are in place to become the
preferred worldwide provider of process heat transfer educational offerings, leveraging electronic
communication media to reach our customers more frequently and more directly. We also continue
to investigate alliances and activities to foster collaboration that will provide further benefit to HTRI
members.
Individually and collectively, we are focused on adding value for all members. We will ensure a
strong presence in traditional areas while pursuing meaningful endeavors in new areas.
We know these are difficult times; let us assist your company in gaining the maximum benefit from
our technology. Send your questions to our top-notch Technical Support team, participate in the free
WebEx sessions, and attend training. Harness the power of the consortium.
2008 Issue 2 HTRI Page 3

corporate news
Research Capabilities Expand at the RTC
The Research & Technology Center (RTC) continues to provide new opportunities for developing
methods and correlations that benefit our members and contract customers.
We are expanding into two important areas this year:
The Low Pressure Condensation Unit (LPCU) will enable us to perform condensing tests
at deep vacuum conditions. We plan to start with tubeside testing and later add shellside
simulations.
Our visualization testing program will allow us to use our new high-speed camera and
Particle Imaging Velocimetry (PIV) system to view and quantify various flow regimes.
J. W. Bill Clepper
Chief Operating Officer The following table highlights the status of the planning, installation, and operation of test and
support units at the RTC.
Test or Support Unit Completed In Progress/Planned Comments

Closed Loop System Very successful In operation The CLS provides stable
(CLS) shakedown and startup temperature (ambient to
120 C) for the PTU and
TSPU.
Flow Visualization PIV system and high- Setting up bubble flow test Staff will use high-speed
speed camera acquired chamber for calibration camera for visualization
purposes of flow regimes on MBU
and MCU.
High Temperature Shakedown Testing with carbon-steel Two reports will be
Fouling Unit (HTFU) test sections issued this fiscal year.
Low Pressure Design and procurement Construction This unit is scheduled for
Condensing Unit (LPCU) shakedown and startup
this fiscal year.
Multipurpose Boiling Unit Single-phase testing in Visualization of flows from Two reports will be
(MBU) laminar to turbulent flow test section; mist flow issued this fiscal year.
regimes in larger upflow testing
test section
Multipurpose Mixture testing in New test sections with A total of six tube
Condensation Unit horizontal test section titanium-enhanced tubes configurations will be
(MCU) tested.
Multipurpose Propane Evaluation of other options The cost of unit as
Unit (MPU) initially envisioned was
too expensive.
Prototype Test Unit Testing of low-fin tube in Testing of plain tubes in A report will be issued
(PTU) new X-shell exchanger X-shell exchanger this fiscal year.
Tubeside Single-Phase Initial contract work and Installation of 15-ft. test A report will be issued
Unit (TSPU) laminar flow of propylene section this fiscal year.
glycol in 5-ft. test section

Kistler Reaches Another Milestone
In 1998, R. Stanley Kistler, Vice President, Research & Technology, became the first HTRI employee
with 25 consecutive years of service. This milestone was celebrated with staff and Stans extended
family. In June 2008, Stan set another record35 consecutive years of service at HTRI.
He joined HTRI immediately following his graduation from University of Missouri Rolla, Missouri,
USA, where he earned his undergraduate and masters degrees as well as his Ph.D. in Chemical
Engineering. HTRIs involvement with both software development and training can be traced back to
Stans early efforts to effectively transfer our research technology to the membership.
During the North American Meeting, HTRI hosted a special celebration honoring Stan for his
unparalleled dedication and contributions to the company and to the members of the consortium. We
were pleased that his wife, Bonnie, could join him on this special occasion.
R. Stanley Kistler
Stan with current and past Technical Committee Chairs

Left to right: James J. Grant, Joseph E. Schroeder,
R. Stanley Kistler, Stephen W. Johnston, and
Bill G. Ashenhart
Bonnie and Stan receiving the applause

of those attending the celebration
Stan addressing the crowd
Bonnie and Stan enjoying his 35th anniversary

video presentation at the North American Meeting
Stans 25th anniversary dinner

Left to right: Claudette D. Beyer, Stan,
Bonnie, and Stans parents, Genevieve
and Ted Kistler
Stan, Bonnie, and his father, Ted Kistler,
at the staff celebration June 12, 2008

corporate news
Renowned Guests Participate in North American Meeting
The meeting in Victoria, British Columbia, Canada was marked by special guest presentations from
Dr. Hans Mller-Steinhagen, Head of the Institute of Technical Thermodynamics, German

Aerospace Center (DLR), Stuttgart, Germany; Director, Steinbeis-Transfer Center, Solar & Thermal
Technology
Dr. D. Brian Spalding, founder and Managing Director of CHAM Ltd., developers of PHOENICS,
the worlds first general-purpose, commercial CFD software package
Dr. John R. Thome, Professor and Director of the Heat and Mass Transfer Laboratory, Swiss Federal
Institute of Technology, Lausanne, Switzerland
Dr. Paul A. Watkinson, Professor Emeritus, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering,
The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
Dr. Hans Mller-Steinhagen is recognized internationally

Dr. Mller-Steinhagen delivered the first of for his extensive accomplishments in heat transfer fouling.
five presentations moving toward HTRIs 50th His main interests include the fundamental aspects of
anniversary meeting in 2012. heat exchanger fouling, fouling in boilers and in compact
heat exchangers, modelling of heat exchanger fouling, and
We plan for each Annual Meeting of fouling in bauxite refineries and pulp mills. Other areas
Stockholders to feature a speaker who addresses of expertise include gas/liquid flow in pipelines, reactors
an area of interest to our membersparticularly and heat exchangers, heat transfer during boiling and
a subject related to energy, new technologies, condensation of mixtures and solutions, and fluidized bed
and other topics relevant to the companies who heat exchangers.
are part of the HTRI consortium.
In Solar Thermal Power Plants: On the Way to
Look for more information on our website Commercial Market Introduction, Dr. Mller-Steinhagen
about the 2009 North American Meeting, emphasized the capabilities and promise of commercial-
scheduled for September 21 25, 2009, in Seattle, scale solar energy. In addition, he delivered Smart
Washington, USA. Surfaces for Improved Heat Exchangers, which introduced
concepts that will lead to more efficient heat exchangers.
While a professor at Imperial College in London, Dr. D. Brian Spalding helped popularize the k-
turbulence model. He is co-developer of the Semi-Implicit Pressure Linked Equations (SIMPLE) mass-
momentum transport algorithm. Both have found their way into every computational fluid dynamics
(CFD) code in existence today. Recipient of the ASME Max Jakob Memorial Award in Heat Transfer,
Spalding is also a Fellow of the Royal Society, a distinction he shares with such past and present
luminaries as Charles Darwin, Isaac Newton, and Stephen Hawking.
Dr. Spalding demonstrated that CFD and computational heat transfer (CHT) can be used to simulate
heat exchangers with a high level of physical fidelity and accuracy. The key to unleashing this
power, according to Spalding, is the adoption of space-averaged CFD (SA-CFD), which combines
the advanced solution techniques of fine-grid CFD with state-of-the-art empirical correlations such
as those provided by HTRI. When the solution is complemented by the type of flow visualization
available from CFD-style software, the result is the best possible combination of computational and
experimental heat transfer technology.
Dr. John R. Thome helped develop and deliver the Advanced Boiling and Heat Transfer short course
(with LiDong Huang) at the North American Meeting.
Thome has developed numerous methods for prediction of flow boiling heat transfer, boiling of
mixtures, evaporation and condensation in enhanced tubes, two-phase flow pattern maps, and other
related topics. He has authored several books, including Enhanced Boiling Heat Transfer (1990) and
Convective Boiling and Condensation (1994) and is the co-author of HTRIs first e-book, Nucleate Boiling on
Micro-Structured Surfaces, which is available to the entire heat transfer community on HTRIs website,

www.HTRI.net. He received the ASME Heat Transfer Best Paper Award in 1998, for his submission
to the Journal of Heat Transfer. A member of ASME, AIChE, and ASHRAE, he developed EHT, which
was initially commercialized in 1990. We have a long-standing collaboration to distribute EHT to both
members and non-members of our consortium.
Also at the North American Meeting, Dr. A. Paul Watkinson, who currently is consulting with
HTRI, participated in the Crude Oil Fouling Task Force (COFTF) and Exchanger Design Margin Task
Force (EDMTF) meetings.
Dr. Watkinson has studied fouling in all its manifestations for more than four decades and is
considered by many to be the worlds leading authority in the field. He has been a professor at
the University of British Columbia in Vancouver since 1971. The many honors earned during his
acclaimed career include
Distinguished Visiting Fellow, Royal Academy of Engineering, 2008

R. S. Jane Memorial Award, Canadian Society of Chemical Engineering, 2007
Fellow, Canadian Academy of Engineering, 2004
Fellow, Chemical Institute of Canada, 1979
The presentation Dr. Watkinson gave to the COFTF was entitled Some Recent Observations on
Petroleum Stream Fouling. Highlights of the presentation were that the
initial fouling rate for multiple crude oils was demonstrated to increase by over an order of
magnitude with increases in insoluble solid concentration
fouling rate, precipitated solids, and colloidal instability index (CII) were strongly correlated
with solubility parameters
model proposed by Wiehe, which has been refined by Gray et al. with correlations for sulfide
and aromatic contents, was shown to fit coking data very well
HTRI thanks these guests for contributing their expertise and their insights at this meeting.
HTRI Amends Corporate Bylaws

During their August 2008 meeting, the Board of Directors approved several significant changes to the
HTRI corporate Bylaws. Up to one-third of the Board now can be composed of independent directors.
These can be individuals who are former representatives of member companies or participating
affiliates or others who have influence, business or legal expertise, knowledge of the industries
HTRI serves, and/or unique knowledge that supports the needs of the corporation. In addition, all
directors are now eligible to serve as Chair and Vice Chair of the Board. Following the approval of
those resolutions, a member company director, Donald W. Meyer, was elected Chair, and Michael G.
McMillion, an independent director, was elected Vice Chair.
The Board also added a fourth group, the Compliance Committee, to the list of standing
committeesAudit, Compensation, and Nominating. The Compliance Committee provides oversight
and guidance to the Board to help prevent and/or detect any violations of law, regulation, or
policy involving Board members. Dan C. Dargene, legal counsel of HTRI, serves as the Chair of the
Compliance Committee; Cheryl J. Shoemaker was elected as the Board representative. The senior
human resources officer of HTRI, S. Breaux Daniel, is the third member of the group.
With these changes, a greater degree of independence has been injected to address ethical or legal
infractions and to ensure that decisions are based on the best interests of HTRInot individual
member companies or their customers. Representing the needs and interests of our global
membership is key to the continued growth and success of HTRI.

In Memory of
Jaroslav Josef Jerry Taborek

October 29, 1922, Klaster, Czechoslovakia

October 21, 2008, Sedona, Arizona, USA
First HTRI Employee and First Technical Director

1963 1985
Jerrys vision, energy, and entrepreneurial spirit made him a leading force in the creation
of HTRI nearly fifty years ago. During his years as Technical Director, he worked to build
a foundation that would serve the company well into the future. Jerrys legacy includes
establishing HTRIs experimental research program

initiating fouling research studies
leading the development of HTRIs Stream Analysis Method
We salute his many career achievements and honor his memory.

engineering services
Is My Exchanger Design OK?
Clearing the Way to Better Exchanger Designs
Technical Support staff often hear, I have completed an Xchanger Suite rating that meets all of the
requirements on the process data sheet, but will my exchanger design work OK?
Our software helps you design an exchanger efficiently, but judgment is still needed in the final
assessment of any design. Some less experienced users may need even more help to interpret their
results.
Xchanger Suite currently issues messages that can assist you in identifying weak spots or problems.
Cases with a number of Runtime and Data Check messages may work well while others that generate
no messages may not perform adequately. However, many of the current messages do alert you to
design practices that are less than desirable. Thomas G. Lestina
Vice President,
The following messages are among the most important: Engineering Services
The hot and cold duties differ by x.xx%. This message is issued whenever the hot duty is
more than 5% different from the cold duty. While a well designed exchanger must have the hot
duty equal the cold duty, we see many process data sheets with large duty mismatches. Before
finalizing your design, ensure that you address this problem.
The B-stream flow fraction is very low. Xist posts this message when the B-stream flow fraction
is less than 0.4. Low B-stream fractions are thermally ineffective and more susceptible to fouling.
In general, you can modify baffle configuration (type, spacing, and cut) to increase the B-stream
flow fraction and thermal performance. Please remember that the confidence in the Xist rating is
reduced for designs with low B-streams.
Crossflow velocity exceeds critical velocity, indicating probability of fluidelastic instability

and flow-induced vibration damage. Xist posts a warning message when the crossflow velocity in
selected regions exceeds 80% of the critical velocity. Do not consider a shell-and-tube design to be
complete until you have addressed vibration issues. Fluidelastic instability is the most problematic
vibration mechanism. It is important to ensure that a design is free of fluidelastic instability
concerns. Because Xist tends to be conservative, use Xvib to more accurately analyze vibration and
ensure that your design is not susceptible to tube vibration. Otherwise, clear these messages by
changing the baffle configuration and/or adding intermediate supports.
The estimated tubecount for this shell is xxxx. This message is issued when the tubecount
calculated by the Xist tube layout program is more than 5% different from the user-specified
tubecount. Although our tube layout program may not always develop an optimal layout, different
clearances and heights under nozzles may result in erroneous thermal performance calculations. It
would be unfortunate if you ordered the shell only to find out later that the tubes do not fit.
An internal temperature cross exists in the exchanger. In multi-pass configurations, the cold
fluid may be hotter than the hot fluid for a fraction of the heat transfer surface. In these regions,
heat is transferred from the cold fluid to the hot fluid. Consider a flow configuration that does not
result in a temperature cross.
Before considering your design finished, review these messages and clear them by modifying the
design.
We continually evaluate ways to improve these messages, but flagging every element that can contribute to an
inadequate design is a daunting task. We do not expect to have a comprehensive set of rules anytime soon.
Continue to e-mail Technical Support at Support@HTRI.net with your questions about using our
software.

software
Gain More Control over Tube Layout in Xist
Many users have requested the ability to control Right-click the tube layout drawing, and select
the tubecount on a pass-by-pass basis in Xist. Edit passlane locations. Set the desired
This feature is especially useful in boiling or locations of the passlanes, and then click OK.
condensation cases when the tubeside fluid
volume changes rapidly between passes. Xist
has correctly and automatically allowed for
differences in tubecount between passes, but
until now the user hasnt been able to control
this behavior.
Joseph W. Holmes In the upcoming Xist 6.0, users can adjust the
Director, location of the passlanes in order to define the
Software Development area available for each tubepass. For the first
time, users can explicitly define and model
exchangers with varying tubecounts between Xist regenerates the tube layout and displays
passes. the updated version. Edit the passlane locations
until you get exactly the layout you want. Its
The figures below illustrate the process. that simple!
First, start with a base layout on the Tube Layout

input panel.
S. Greg Starks
Regional Sales Manager,
USA/Canada
Keep sending your suggestions for Xchanger

Suite and its components to Support@HTRI.net.

HTRI thanks Howden for their continuing sponsorship of
our North American Meeting reception.
Howden Buffalo Inc.

Howden Compressors
EUROTHERM International Conference on

Heat Exchanger
Fouling and Cleaning 2009
Sunday, June 14, 2009 - Friday, June 19, 2009
Hotel Pichlmayrgut Pichl/Schladming Austria
Plan now to attend this conference! KEY THEMES

Crude oil and hydrocarbon uid fouling
During ve days, you will explore new theoretical and practical Fouling in industrial processes and power plants
approaches to address the tremendous challenges associated Fouling in the dairy and food industries
with fouling of heat exchangers, a chronic operating problem in Fouling in cooling towers and thermal desalination
processing industries. plants
Costs of fouling and environmental impacts
Experts from industry, academia, and research centers Mechanisms of heat transfer fouling (crystallisation,
from around the world will present their latest research and particulate, reaction, corrosion, solidication and
technological developments in fouling mitigation and cleaning biofouling)
strategies. Surface and chemical treatments
Modeling of fouling and CFD studies
The event is limited to 100 participants to encourage maximum Micro and compact heat exchanger fouling
interaction. Contact us now to reserve your place. Design of heat exchangers for fouling conditions
Fouling mitigation and cleaning (chemical, mechanical
Abstracts due by December 31, 2008 and physical techniques)
Heat exchanger fouling, monitoring and maintenance
For More Information
www.regonline.com/fouling-2009

research
Understanding Internal Thermosiphon Circulation
Thermosiphon heat transfer generates fluid circulation without the use of a pump. As fluid is heated
and vaporized in the bundle of a kettle or stab-in reboiler, the density decreases and buoyancy forces
pump the two phases upward. Liquid separates from vapor and circulates back into the bundle
driven by the static head outside the bundle.
The liquid driving head outside the bundle and the heat input control the circulation rate achieved in
reboilers. For a given bundle, the circulation rate increases with the liquid driving head outside the
bundle and heat input. For a fixed heat duty and liquid driving head, the thermosiphon will reach an
equilibrium flow rate.
LiDong Huang Vapor generation and bundle geometry affect the rate of circulation. For example, decreasing the tube
Senior Project Engineer, pitch creates a higher pressure drop in the bundle and consequently lowers the circulating flow rate.
Research; The froth height, depending on two-phase velocity at the top of the bundle, affects the liquid driving
Coordinator, Boiling & head and also influences the circulating flow rate.
Single Phase
When stab-in and kettle reboilers are modeled, the circulation rate is unknown initially. Iteration
over pressure drop calculations determines the circulation rate, which is used to determine the heat
transfer rate. Static driving head outside the bundle is typically assumed to be only liquid phase.
This holds true for stab-in reboilers, because there is a large space outside the bundle in a column
for the separation of the two phases. The liquid driving head is then presumed to be the same as the
pressure drop through the bundle.
Starting the iteration by specifying a low flow rate is important. A high initial flow rate may be
physically unrealistic, as high flow rates may simply bypass the bundle of a stab-in or kettle reboiler.
If the static head of liquid outside the bundle is greater than the pressure drop created by flow
through the bundle, then the flow is increased (which means the circulation rate increases) until the
pressure drop through the bundle is the same as the static head outside the bundle. The converged
Christy M. Laird flow rate through the bundle can then be used to determine the heat transfer rate.
Engineer, Research
Two-dimensional computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation of a kettle reboiler indicates that
simplified one-dimensional models are generally accurate. Thermosiphon circulation is evident from
the flow pathlines shown in the figure below. However, the simplified calculation of the circulation
rate based on the pressure drop inside and outside the bundle does not account for the two-
dimensional characteristics of the flow. In addition, the fluid outside the bundle exists in two phases
[1], which means the driving static head for circulation could be lower than that of the assumed pure
liquid.
Reference
1. K. J. Farrell, Two-dimensional
CFD simulations of kettle
reboilers, BK1-11, Heat Transfer
Research, Inc., College Station,
Texas (2008).
Visual observation and CFD predictions of flow and vapor volume fraction for
kettle reboiler [1]

Turbulent Heat Transfer using CFD
From First Principles?
As engineers interested in promoting heat transfer, we focus on the boundary layer where gradients
drive momentum, heat, and mass transfer. Fluid dynamicists generally divide a turbulent boundary
layer into three regions: the inner region, the outer region, and the overlap layer (as shown in the
figure below). Although the behavior of the inner and outer regions is quite different, the two are
coupled by the shear stress profile and the diffusivity of the turbulence.
In the inner regionwhich is nominally 10 to 20 percent of the boundary layer thicknessthe

velocity profile near the wall depends only on local parameters. For a smooth surface, we expect
the velocity to be a function of the density, the viscous shear stress at the wall, the viscosity, and the
distance from the wall. Using the pi theorem, we find that the appropriate dimensionless parameters
are the inner variables, u+ and y+. Kevin J. Farrell
Senior Project Engineer,
The relevant velocity scale for the boundary layer is the friction velocity, , Research
Coordinator, CFD and
so that . The dimensionless off-wall distance is defined . In the viscous sublayer, Visualization Studies
the velocity profile is linear up to y+ = 5. Analogous to the viscous sublayer is the conductive sublayer
in which the dimensionless temperature is also linear with the product of the dimensionless off-wall
distance, y+, and the Prandtl number.
In the outer region of the turbulent boundary layer, far

from the wall, turbulent shear dominates and forms a
velocity defect. This defect depends on the position relative
to the edge of the boundary layer, not the wall; thus,
the velocity profiles in the inner and outer portions of
the boundary layer scale differently. The two regions
are matched together in the overlap layer by equating
the velocity gradients in the two layers. The resultant
dimensionless velocity and temperature profiles are log
laws. The y+-intercept for the log law velocity profile
depends on the surface roughness.
The inner-, outer-, and overlap layer laws, which are

nothing more than correlations, are among the most
well-known empirically-determined relationships in fluid
dynamics, forming the bases for all theory regarding
turbulent shear flows. Moreover, the log law derived for the
overlap layer actually does a fair job of approximating the Universal boundary layer profile [measurements from J. Laufer, The structure of
entire velocity or temperature profile. In these instances, turbulence in fully developed pipe flow, NACA TN 2954 (1953)]
we use wall functions to simulate the boundary layer behavior.
So strictly speaking, even if we accept the

empirical turbulence model, heat transfer For further reading...
computed from the numerical solution of the
Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes equations is P. K. Kundu, Fluid Mechanics, Academic, San Diego, CA (1990).
not computed from first principles, but from H. Tennekes and J. L. Lumley, A First Course in Turbulence, MIT,
empirical formulae. However, for most cases, Cambridge, MA (1972).
the careful application of CFD is well served by A. A. Townsend, The Structure of Turbulent Shear Flow, Cambridge
these wall functions. University, Cambridge, UK (1976).
F. M. White, Fluid Mechanics, McGraw-Hill, New York (1979).
F. M. White, Viscous Fluid Flow, McGraw-Hill, New York (1974).
D. C. Wilcox, Turbulence Modeling for CFD, 3rd ed., DCW Industries,
La Canada, CA (2006).

engineering services
TechTip: Model Flooding for Horizontal Tubeside Condensers
Component: Xist
Although Xist does not include an option to specify the flooded condensate level for horizontal
tubeside condensers, you can use Xist results to determine the flooded condensate level in the
channel head using only one additional calculation.
Xist models subcooling as a function of length along the tubes, whereas flooding (and associated
subcooling) occurs as a function of height above the bottom of the channel head. You can use the Xist
results to determine the flooded area and then to calculate the number of flooded tubes.
To determine the actual flooded level in the tubeside outlet header:
Nicholas F. Urbanski 1. Calculate the subcooled area based on the

Project Engineer, results in the Tubeside Monitor.
Engineering Services
2. Determine the number of tubes that need
to be flooded based on the subcooled area
calculated in step 1.
3. Starting at the bottom of the tube layout

drawing generated by a mechanical design
program (not necessarily the one generated
by Xist), count the required number of tubes.
4. Determine, again based on the actual

tube layout drawing, the height above the
tubeside outlet nozzle required to flood the
identified tubes.
For a complete description and example calculations,

visit the FAQ section of the secured website, Example tube layout showing flooded tubes
www.HTRI.net.
Other TechTips Posted on Secured Website

TechTips summarize lessons learned by our Technical Support group. Along with our online help
and computer program alerts (HCPAs), these brief articles help you understand and interpret
Xchanger Suite results and provide corrective measures.
The following TechTips are available in the FAQ section of Level I on our secured website.
Topic Component(s)
Beware of large height under nozzle with parallel-cut baffles Xist
Flow boiling with small increase in weight fraction vapor Xace, Xist
Handling excessive pressure drop with low pressure condensers Xace, Xist
Learn how driver power is calculated Xace
Model one-fan-off operation in Xace Xace
Model tube vibration in the bundle entrance region with parallel-cut baffles Xvib

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serving you globally
HTRI Achieves Record Growth in FY 2008
Fiscal Year 2008 marked the third year in a row in which we exceeded the previous record growth,
exceeding 850 members and Participating Affiliates (PAs) at year end. Ninety-five (95) new members
and forty-one (41) PAs joined in FY 2008, reaching a total of 471 members and 381 PAs. A summary of
the new members and PAs by region is shown in the figure below.
Annualized revenue from new

members, new PAs, and membership
upgrades increased about 40% in FY
2008 compared to the previous year,
from slightly over US$1 million in FY
Fernando J. Aguirre 2007 to over US$1.4 million this past
Vice President, year. As a result, overall membership
Sales & Business revenue increased by about 19% in FY
Development 2008.
Continuing the trend of recent years,

the largest growth came from Asia,
with close to 40% of all new members
and PAs from this region. Establishing New members in FY 2008
a direct presence in India in early 2007
was critical to maintaining this trend, since India contributed more than 40% of the new members in
Asia during FY 2008.
Despite the recent financial crisis, HTRI membership growth has continued at a good pace. We
have reached our 500th member and 400th Participating Affiliate. The latest changes in the world
economy bring significant challenges to us, but we are confident that the quality of our technology
will continue to be in demand as companies thrive for better energy efficiency and have a continuous
need to design and evaluate the performance of their heat transfer equipment.
Our business development activity has focused on establishing links with complementary software
that most of our users need in their day-to-day work, such as process simulation, mechanical design
of heat exchangers, or physical properties. We have established collaboration agreements with many
companies handling these and other areas. You can find further details about the companies and
specific software by visiting the following link within the HTRI website:
http://www.htri-net.com/AboutHTRI/busalliance.htm
The most recent collaboration agreements completed during FY 2008 include Bryan Research
& Engineering, Inc. and Honeywell International Inc. (process simulation) and Red-Bag B.V.
(mechanical design).
Our latest record growth can be attributed in great part to the economy, although we were able to
capitalize on it only by expanding our sales team. In this issue of our newsletter you can read articles
from all our regional managers. Hirohisa Uozu, who handles business in China, Japan, Korea, and
Taiwan, writes about the Communication Committees in his region; Hans U. Zettler discusses
business growth in the EMEA region, as well as recent meetings and training, and the addition of
several new sales representatives to assist with our continued membership growth and retention.
S. Greg Starks focuses on business in USA/Canada and the North American Meeting held in August
2008. Finally, Rajan R. Desai discusses the driving forces that have helped with the growth of HTRIs
business in India.
HTRI remains healthy thanks to all of you, our members. Please continue to tell us what you need so
that we can focus on further developments that help you be even more competitive in your business.

Asia-Pacific
An HTRI Communication Committee (CC) is the official communication channel for members in
geographic proximity. Members in CCs provide us important feedback that helps us improve our
technology and services. The Asia-Pacific region currently has three (3) CCsChina, Japan, and
Korea.
The following briefly introduces these groups. I would like to express our thanks for their great
contributions to HTRI.
CC-China (Wei-Ming Zhu, Chair)

established 2004
Hirohisa Uozu
One of the largest CCs, CC-China has Regional Manager,
over 35 members. Chinese-speaking Asia-Pacific
people from across Asia join this
meeting. Every HTRI staff member
feels the groups dynamism and
energy in the active and enthusiastic
discussions in CC-China meetings
and workshops. This is Chinese
power and, I believe, the source of
their technological advances and CC-China meeting in Beijing
economic growth!
CC-Japan (Hiroshi Morishita, Chair)

established 1998
CC-Japan is a very active group, holding

three meetings per year. One of the best
features of CC-Japan is user presentations
or reports on difficult cases; in every
meeting, one or two cases are reported
and discussed. Such information is very
CC-Japan meeting in Osaka helpful for exchanger engineers.
CC-Korea (Sang Kyu Choi, Chair)

established 1998
Meeting once per year, CC-Korea typically

hosts more than 40 members each time. We
have received many requests for software
improvements from this group. In 2008,
CC-Korea held a two-day meeting in Busan
that included technical presentations and
a factory tour. I would like to express our
thanks to UIT, Inc., our representative in
Korea, for their support in preparing this
meeting and the factory visit.
CC-Korea meeting in Busan
Membership growth in the Asia-Pacific region
continues to be strong. Please contact us if
you have any questions, suggestions, and requests for further improvements in our technology and
services. We look forward to your continuing participation in various HTRI activities.

Europe, Middle East, and Africa (EMEA)
2008 has been another year of an expanding HTRI presence in Europe, Middle East, and Africa. Since
October 2007, fifteen (15) new members have joined HTRI in Europe, four (4) in the Middle East, and
two (2) in Africa. These numbers include not only some of the larger processors like Sasol Technology
(Pty) Limited, Saudi Aramco, StatoilHydro ASA, and TOTAL S.A. but also two (2) new members in
Russiathe first in this new market for HTRI. In addition to new members, we signed up more than
fifteen (15) participating affiliates, strengthening our position in the worldwide market.
We continue to meet with our members and prospects and offer courses and workshops. Since
January 2008, we held several successful training events, including the 2008 European training week
in March in Florence, Italy and the 2008 South African training week in May in Johannesburg, South
Hans U. Zettler Africa. The demand for onsite training continues to be very high, and we have presented over ten
Regional Manager, (10) sessions in Spain, the United Arab Emirates, Egypt, Germany, the United Kingdom, France,
EMEA Denmark, and Sweden. Look for information about the 2009 European Training Week and other
HTRI training events on our website at www.HTRI.net, or get in touch with us to schedule onsite
training.
The 2008 European Meeting was held at the Kempinski Hotel Corvinus, in Budapest, Hungary,
from November 3 7, 2008. We offered sessions on HTRI research and technology, as well as three
workshops and short courses. Compared to previous recent European meetings, more people from
over fourteen (14) countries attended this year, and we hope this trend continues.
CC-South Africa has joined the five (5) other Communication Committees (CCs) in EMEA. We hope
that other countries start a CC in their regions. CC meetings allow face-to-face communication with
other HTRI members and with HTRI staff, and we encourage you to join the CC in your area. Please
contact our EMEA office if you want more information about joining a CC or starting one in your
country. We will be more than happy to help.
In May 2008 we exhibited HTRI technology at the Chem Middle East in Dubai, U.A.E., and at the
RPEC 2008 in Moscow, Russia, an exhibition we co-sponsored. At both events, we held interesting
discussions with new contacts and with existing members and users of HTRI products and services.
With the increasing demand for HTRI technology, we added three more representatives to the EMEA
team:
Bureau hi Prom in Russia and CIS countries (HTRI.RussiaCIS@HTRI.net)

Heat Transfer ABC B.V. in the Netherlands (HTRI.Netherlands@HTRI.net)
ImageGrafix Software FZCO in the Middle East (HTRI.ME@HTRI.net)
We look forward to working with these new representatives, as well as with SantAmbrogio Servizi
Industriali s.r.l. in Italy (HTRI.Italy@HTRI.net) and Mass and Heat Transfer Technology (Pty) Ltd in
South Africa (HTRI.SouthAfrica@HTRI.net).
Whether at HTRI meetings, CC meetings, or other events, we are always happy to receive feedback
from our members and users of HTRI technology and encourage your active participation in HTRI
events and these important user groups.
Please feel free to send any questions, suggestions, or requests to HTRI.EMEA@HTRI.net.

India
The number of Indian businesses joining HTRI Our members rely on HTRI technology to
has risen greatly in the past two years, moving design, rate, and simulate their heat exchange
India from fifth to second in the number of equipment. We seek to maintain a high level
HTRI member companies in any single country. of customer satisfaction. As an established
global leader of process heat transfer and
To expand and better support our Indian heat exchanger technology, HTRI believes in
members, HTRI established a more direct providing products and services that are backed
presence in India in 2007. Today, HTRI Xchanger by verifiable and industrially relevant research
Suite has become a common tool in all the major data.
quarters of the thermal and process industry
in India, from engineering consultants to The growth of the past months is a direct result Rajan R. Desai
fabricators and processors. HTRI continues of the confidence that our members have in our International Coordinator,
to extend the usefulness of our products and technology and in the HTRI team. India
services.
Engineering students in universities and
Apart from the number of HTRI members in colleges are ready to learn about new and better
India doubling to more than eighty (80) during technologies. HTRI Xchanger Suite Educational
the last two calendar years, many existing has been very well received by Indian academia,
members also upgraded their membership with four (4) licenses already in effect. In future
levels. The increase can be attributed to months, we expect the number of educational
licenses to increase significantly.
technical support
If you have any questions or comments about
The Engineering Services team provides HTRIs operations in India, please contact us at
excellent and timely support to all HTRI HTRI.India@HTRI.net.
members. This unlimited support is
communicated in easy-to-understand
language and easier-to-perform steps!
Answers often provide tips, help with
troubleshooting of common flaws, and
explain the relevance of error messages.
Get Involved in Your Communication Committees
member participation in HTRI groups
and events HTRI Communication Committees (CCs) provide an official
forum for members in geographic proximity. These member-
Members contribute their expertise initiated and member-managed committees facilitate and
to the HTRI consortium in various formalize input, helping our customers throughout the world
ways, including feedback through communicate their opinions and needs to HTRI.
communication committees like
CC-India. Two member company staff Agendas, minutes, and HTRI responses to those minutes
(Shubhangi Jaguste, Reliance Industries are posted for all members in Level 1 of the secured website,
Limited and M. Venkatesh, Larsen & www.HTRI.net. We encourage you to review these documents
Toubro Limited) also serve on the HTRI whenever possible to learn more about the interests of your
Technical Committee. colleagues around the world.
development and enhancement of We currently have sixteen (16) active CCs. If youre interested in
products and services participating in a CC but none exists in your geographic region,
please contact CC@HTRI.net for information on establishing
Our computational tools remain such a group.
industrially relevant and are expanding
into new fields in existing and
complementary disciplines. HTRI
products and services continue to be
way ahead of the competition!

USA/Canada
HTRI membership in the USA and Canada LS Petrochem Equipment Corporation

continued its strong growth in FY 2008. Lummus Technology Heat Transfer
During this time, we added twenty-one (21) RCS, Inc.
new members and nine (9) new Participating TITAN Metal Fabricators, Inc.
Affiliates. Our continued growth reflects
the value that HTRI provides to its members The exhibition was held during the day on
through our ongoing research, products, and Monday through Wednesday, with liberal
services. breaks in the meeting schedule to allow the
meeting attendees to browse the booths.
We capped the year with a successful North Feedback from members and exhibitors alike
S. Greg Starks American Meeting in Victoria, British Columbia, indicates that the exhibition was beneficial;
Regional Sales Manager, Canada during the week of August 25, 2008. we plan to continue this effort as long as it is
USA/Canada A total of 109 attendees registered for the deemed helpful. We certainly appreciate all
meeting, of which fifteen (15) were primary those who participated in the exhibition and
representatives of companies participating in helped make it a success.
this years exhibition. The business reports and
technical presentations were well-received by A key part of HTRIs value to its membership is
the membership. the training we provide. This year, we hosted
two special training events in addition to the
Our exhibition was held in conjunction training offered at the North American Meeting.
with the North American Meeting for the During the week of January 21, 2008, we offered
third consecutive year. This year fifteen (15) five days of training at our North American
companies participated: Training Week in College Station, TX, and we
hosted two days of training in College Station on
September 22 23, 2008.
These special training events were well-

attended, and with our continued growth in
membership, we intend to expand our training
offerings in the USA and Canada during the
coming year. Watch your inbox and the HTRI
website for announcements about training at our
North American Training Week in January 2009
and at the North American Meeting at the Hyatt
at Olive 8 in Seattle, Washington, September
2009.
Also in 2009, we plan to add a Canadian

Training Week to our schedule. This event will
be held in the late spring of 2009, giving our
Roundtable and Exhibition at 2008 North American Meeting growing Canadian constituency ready access to
the training resources they need to effectively
Cal Gavin Limited use HTRI technology in their daily work.
EMbaffle B.V.
EuResearch S.A. Well continue to provide a variety of training
ExxonMobil Research and Engineering opportunities to meet the needs of our evolving
Company membership. Keep an eye on Upcoming Events
Heat Transfer Consultants, Inc. on our public website at www.HTRI.net. You
High Performance Tube, Inc. will find all of the details about training and
Honeywell Process Solutions other events, including registration information,
Hudson Products Corporation on this site.
Koch Heat Transfer Company, L.P.
Korea Heat Exchanger Ind. Co., Ltd.
Krueger Engineering and
Manufacturing Co., Inc.

research
Staff Presentations and Publications
C. A. Bennett and B. D. Crittenden, Isokinetic phenomena in crude oil fouling, Keynote, Fouling
Mitigation Session, AIChE Spring National Meeting, New Orleans, LA (April 9, 2008).
In this keynote, Bennett and Crittenden presented the Isokinetic effect observed for high
temperature crude oil fouling of Kuwaiti crude oils. They then demonstrated that the isokinetic
effect is also observed for Maya crude oil and styrene fouling systems as well, suggesting that
it is a general feature of fouling. After discussing isokinetic theory, the presenters successfully
applied it to the well understood phenomenon of styrene polymerization/fouling. Finally, they
applied isokinetic theory to crude oil fouling, concluding that isokinetic theory should permit
the prediction of the functional group(s) responsible for the asphaltenic fouling mechanism from
infrared spectra.
C. A. Bennett, R. S. Kistler, K. Nangia, W. Al-Ghawas, N. Al-Hajji, and A. Al-Jemaz, Observation

of an isokinetic temperature and compensation effect for high temperature crude oil fouling, Heat
Exchanger Fouling and Cleaning VII Conference, Tomar, Portugal (July 2, 2007).
Crude oil fouling is a very complex phenomenon involving multiple mechanisms. Commonalities
are needed to simplify understanding and make prediction and mitigation viable. HTRI has
discovered that high temperature crude oil fouling exhibits the isokinetic effect, as demonstrated
by crossing lines on the Arrhenius plot and a linear compensation effect plot.
J. B. Dooley and D. L. ONeal, The transient response of capacitive thin-film polymer humidity
sensors, HVAC&R Research 14(5), 663 382 (2008).
Dooley and ONeal characterize the transient performance of two commercially available
capacitive thin-film polymer humidity transmitters, considering the effects of air velocity as
well as step changes in relative humidity and dry bulb temperature. Results showed that under
isothermal conditions, the response times of the transmitters were in reasonable agreement with
data provided by the manufacturers. Under non-isothermal conditions, however, performance
decreased significantly. While increasing air velocity improved the response, this benefit was
far outweighed by an overall performance penalty resulting from the use of slow-responding
temperature sensors within each transmitter.
K. J. Farrell, Improving shell-and-tube heat exchangers with CFD, Engineering Simulation Energy
Conference: Inspiring Engineering, Houston, TX (November 11 12, 2008).
Farrell provided an overview of a number of specific projects in which CFD simulation has been
used to improve our heat exchanger design methodology. Principal applications concern the
improvement of flow distribution and optimization of enhancements.
Holiday Schedule
Our offices will be closed for the holidays as follows:
USA and EMEA Asia-Pacific
December 24, 2008 through January 2, 2009 December 30, 2008 through January 2, 2009
During this time, we will monitor the technical support e-mail for urgent messages. The USA, EMEA, and
Asia-Pacific offices resume business on Monday, January 5, 2009.

training
A Winning Combination
141
8 15 141. These numbers are the combination people have registered for HTRI
to HTRIs most recent training success story. webinars who have not attended
Four months ago, we began offering a series face-to-face training in the last
of live, free webinars to HTRI members. In this three years. A total 250 users of HTRI software
short time, we have provided timely, interactive representing approximately 75 member
training on a variety of topics. The impact of this companies have registered for webinars thus far.
revived training option has already been far-
reaching, and we have only just begun! The number of people participating in webinars
is an important and positive development; the
8
HTRI staff members have facilitated extent of the global reach is amazing. With
Shannon F. Iverson webinars since July. While webinars these webinars, we have gone beyond the
Coordinator, typically last only 45 60 minutes, United States to countries like The Netherlands,
Training & Business developing and delivering a quality product Malaysia, China, Canada, India, Morocco,
Technologies takes time and a dedicated team. S. Greg Starks, Brazil, the United Kingdom, Mexico, France, and
Thomas G. Lestina, Nicholas F. Urbanski, Indonesia. We have trained in all of these places
LiDong Huang, Zhihua Frank Yang, R. without ever leaving the corporate headquarters
Stanley Kistler, Nathan W. Kidd, and Joseph W. in College Station, Texas, USA, and you have
Holmes worked with C. Eddie Sherman (HTRIs participated without the cost, time, and hassle of
database and applications developer) and me traveling. How is that for efficiency and effective
to select the topics, develop the content, and use of resources?
facilitate the webinars.
Its true that some challenges remain, most
15
webinar sessions on a variety of associated with delivering and participating in
topics will be conducted for HTRI webinars. We have dealt with technical issues
members by the end of 2008. that may have plagued webinar technology
The topics thus far have addressed common in the past. However, while HTRI webinars
technical questions sent to the Technical Support are reliable and user-friendly, we continue
team (also known as TechTips, available on the to improve the offerings by including more
HTRI website) as well as hints from the Software interactivity and relevant content.
Development team to help interface Xchanger
Suite with other commonly used applications. With webinars, you do not have to wait for us
to offer a face-to-face workshop to help you
with your most pressing questions. Check out
the webinar schedule in the Upcoming Events
section of the HTRI website (www.HTRI.net),
find the topic that relates to your needs, register,
and attend. You will have an opportunity to ask
questions throughout the webinar.
And if you are unable to find a webinar that

addresses your question? Let us know! We
want to offer more topics and welcome your
suggestions. Webinars are a fast-track option to
addressing specific technical issues in a timely
manner.
It is up to you. Tell us what you want offered in a

webinar context. We will listen and we will deliver.

Evolution of a Workshop
At HTRI, we continually strive to improve our software, further our knowledge via research, and develop relevant
and useful training offerings for our membership. In training, we also explore new ideas to improve the quality and
effectiveness of our workshops.
One example of our process for improvement is the revised Xfh workshop, which discusses the theory, practice, and
application of fired heaters and the most effective ways to use Xfh. Debuting in August at the 2008 North American
Meeting, the two-day course was developed with the help of Jack Hardie, a fired-heater consultant with more than
thirty years of practical experience.
This workshop combines the classic features of teaching engineers how to enter and run practical examples in Xfh
with the introduction of the theory of the single- and multi-zone models as well as fired heater design principles.
We continue to revise and improve the Xfh workshop, as we do all of the workshops in the HTRI training program. In
fact, weve already changed the course in response to comments from North American Meeting attendees.
Upcoming Training Opportunities

Please note: Web-based TechTips will be held monthly, with topics to be announced. The offerings listed below are tentative. For detailed
information about these and other training events, visit Upcoming Events at www.HTRI.net.
Face-to-Face Web-Based
January Fundamentals of Heat Exchanger Technology Getting Started: Maximizing the Value of HTRI Technology
Short Course TechTips: Modeling Reflux Condensers
Xist Workshop
Xvib Workshop
Kettle Reboilers and Vaporizers Short Course
Condensers Workshop
February Getting Started: Maximizing the Value of HTRI Technology

New Features in HTRI Xchanger Suite 6.0
March Training TBA for Getting Started: Maximizing the Value of HTRI Technology
New Features in HTRI Xchanger Suite 6.0
European Training Week (March 9 13)
TechTips: Modeling Flooding for Horizontal Tubeside
Australian Meeting (March 23 27)
Condensers
April Getting Started: Maximizing the Value of HTRI Technology

TechTips: Modeling Double-Segmental Baffles
May Training TBA for Latin American Meeting Getting Started: Maximizing the Value of HTRI Technology
(May 25 29) TechTips: Modeling Electric Heaters with HTRI Xchanger
Suite

recognizing volunteers
Highlights of 2008 Annual Meeting
At the Annual Meeting of Stockholders on August 25, 2008, Larry G. Hackemesser, Chair of the Board
of Directors, noted that HTRI had experienced another record year of growth and again credited
the staff and volunteers, as well as new and renewing companies, for HTRIs success. The Corporate
Secretary, S. Breaux Daniel, recorded the minutes. Before turning the podium over to his newly
elected successor, Donald W. Meyer, Hackemesser mentioned the most significant of the changes to
the corporate Bylaws. Meyer acknowledged with gratitude the dedicated service of Hackemesser and
then introduced the new Vice Chair, Michael G. McMillion, as well as all members of the Board who
will serve in the coming year.
FY 2009 Board of Directors
Donald W. Meyer, Chair, Burns & McDonnell Engineering Co., Inc.

Michael G. McMillion, Vice Chair, Independent Director
Naoki Dohi, Mitsubishi Chemical Engineering Corporation
Martin J. Gough, Cal Gavin Limited
Larry G. Hackemesser, CB&I
T. Michael OConnor, Independent Director; OConnor Ventures, Inc.
Peter J. Redman, Independent Director
Joseph E. Schroeder, Nooter/Eriksen, Inc.
Cheryl J. Shoemaker, APV North America, Inc.
Jinn H. Wang, UOP LLC
Len J.A. Zoetemeijer, Shell Global Solutions International B.V.
Seated (l to r): Joseph Schroeder, Peter Redman, Jinn Wang, Cheryl Shoemaker, Naoki Dohi, Len Zoetemeijer, and Martin Gough
Standing (l to r): Donald Meyer, Larry Hackemesser, and Michael McMillion
Not pictured: T. Michael OConnor
After Meyers remarks, Claudette D. Beyer (President & Chief Executive Officer), presented her
report, followed by Fernando J. Aguirre (Vice President, Sales & Business Development), and
Keith H. Kuttler (Chief Financial Officer).

James J. Grant III, Chair of the Technical Committee, announced the election of the two new TC
membersThomas Lang and Brigitte Ploixand introduced the committee members to the attendees.
FY 2009 Technical Committee
James J. Grant III, Chair, E.I. du Pont de Nemours & Company, Inc.
Michael D. Kindschi, Hughes-Anderson Heat Exchangers, Inc.
Bill G. Ashenhart, S & B Engineers and Constructors, Ltd.
Bennat J. Drazner, Alfa Laval Inc.
Liping Gao, SINOPEC Engineering Incorporation
Robert P. Hohmann, Chevron Energy Technology Company
Shubhangi Jaguste, Reliance Industries Limited
Dave C. King, BP p.l.c.
Thomas Lang, Wieland-Werke AG
Robert Lee, Bechtel (China) Engineering & Construction Company
John M. Nesta, Fluor Canada Ltd.
Takao Ogawa, Toyo Engineering Corporation
Jack J. Piparia, Ecodyne Heat Exchangers, Inc.
Brigitte Ploix, Technip
Bernd Rumpf, BASF SE
M. Venkatesh, Larsen & Toubro Limited
Seated (l to r): Michael Kindschi, Brigitte Ploix, Bennat Drazner, Robert Lee, Shubhangi Jaguste, and Jack Piparia
Standing (l to r): Thomas Lang, Robert Hohmann, Dave King, Bernd Rumpf, Jim Grant, Bill Ashenhart, John Nesta, M. Venkatesh, and Takao Ogawa
Not pictured: Liping Gao
The technical results of the past year were presented by J. W. Bill Clepper (Chief Operating Officer),
J. Michael Creagor (Director, Research & Technology Center), R. Stanley Kistler (Vice President,
Research & Technology), Joseph W. Holmes (Director, Software Development), and Thomas G.
Lestina (Vice President, Engineering Services).
Grant encouraged those present to take full advantage of the North American Meeting by attending
the sessions, participating in the roundtable discussions at lunch, and networking with colleagues
in the heat exchanger industry from around the globe. Those activities, as well as involvement
in Communication Committees and Task Forces, enhance the value of membership in the HTRI
consortium.
Minutes of the Annual Meeting of Stockholders are posted on the HTRI secured website,
www.HTRI.net.

recognizing volunteers
HTRI Welcomes New Members to Board of Directors and
Technical Committee
The FY 2009 HTRI Board of Directors and Technical Committee (TC) include new and familiar faces.
Returning to the Board, this time as independent directors, are Michael G. McMillion and Peter J.
Redman. Len J. A. Zoetemeijer begins his first term on the Board; Brigitte Ploix and Thomas Lang
join the Technical Committee.
Michael G. McMillion, Independent Director been active with the Communication Committee
Before retiring in 2007 as Principal Engineer Holland, serving extended terms as Chair, 1999
- Heat Transfer Specialist, Engineering and 2006 and Vice Chair, 1997 1999. He holds a BSc
Services Department, Eastman Chemical in Chemical Engineering from HTS Dordrecht,
Company, Longview, Texas (TX), USA, McMillion Dordrecht, The Netherlands.
served a three-year term on the HTRI Board of
Directors. During that period, he also served Thomas Lang, Wieland-Werke AG, Ulm,
on its Audit Committee. At Eastman Chemical GermanyLang brings over 15 years
Company, he provided corporate support for experience in technical marketing and business
heat transfer and fluid flow applications in development of enhanced heat transfer tubes
their production plants worldwide. He has for various applications and industries to his
over 30 years experience in process design position as Senior Application Engineer. His
and improvement, project management, and current activities focus on the hydrocarbon
engineering computer applications. McMillion (refining, petrochemical, gas, and chemical)
holds a B.S. in Chemical Engineering from the processing industry; in addition, he also has
University of Texas, Austin, TX. experience in the power, air-conditioning/
refrigeration, automotive, and electrical power
Peter J. Redman, Independent DirectorPrior to industries. Lang also serves as the relationship
his retirement in 2000 from BP p.l.c., Sunbury-on- manager of the Cooperation Technip/
Thames, United Kingdom (UK), Redman worked Wieland endeavor. Lang earned his Diploma
as Senior Energy Technology Consultant. With in Engineering (Dipl.-Ing.) with a focus in
over 35 years experience in refinery and plant Mechanical Engineering from the University
operations, as well as 15 years experience in of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany, and his MSc
energy management and technology, including in Civil Engineering from the University of
heat transfer, combustion, and power generation, Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, USA.
he was responsible for implementing advanced He has been actively involved in HTRI activities
and innovative energy technologies in BPs since joining the Communication Committee
global operations. Redman initially joined the Germany in 2002.
HTRI Board of Directors in 1995, serving on
several committees during his five-year term: Brigitte Ploix, Technip, Paris, FrancePloix
Strategic and Business Planning, as well as Fee currently manages the Heat Transfer Department
and Revenue Enhancement. He holds a B.S. in in the Process and Technology Division. She has
Chemical Engineering from London University, nearly 15 years experience in thermal design
London, UK. of all non-fired types of exchangers for oil
refining and off-shore oil production, as well as
Len J. A. Zoetemeijer, Shell Global Solutions for the petrochemical, LNG, and gas processing
International B.V., The Hague, The Netherlands industries. Previously Ploix worked as the
Zoetemeijer brings over 25 years process and Lead Discipline Engineer for Technips major
heat transfer engineering experience to his international projects and joint ventures. Before
position as Regional Team Leader, Non-Fired being elected to the Technical Committee, she
Heat Transfer Equipment, Europe, Middle East, was active with Communication Committee
and Africa. In addition, he spent a decade of his France for five years and served as its Chair in
engineering career at Vicoma B.V., Hoogvliet, 2005 2006. Ploix is a member of the scientific
The Netherlands, using HTRI software for council of GRETh and a Graduate Engineer from
engineering projects. Since 1996 Zoetemeijer has Institut National des Sciences Appliques de
Lyon (INSA), Lyon, France.

New members of HTRI Board of Directors and Technical Committee
Michael G. McMillion Len J. A. Zoetemeijer Brigitte Ploix

Independent Director Shell Global Solutions Technip
Peter J. Redman International B.V. Thomas Lang
Independent Director Wieland-Werke AG
HTRI Thanks Former Board Members for Service

On behalf of HTRI members throughout the world and the HTRI staff, we acknowledge the service of
Takashi Noto and John R. Rosso and thank them for their contributions. These individuals served on
the HTRI Board of Directors without compensation, their time and expenses generously covered by
their employers.
Takashi Noto, Chiyoda Corporation
After serving nine years on the Board of Directors, Takashi Noto resigned to focus on his position
as Engineering Consultant in Chiyodas Engineering Division in Yokohama, Japan. His three
decades of experience in mechanical engineering of pressure vessels and heat exchangers, as
well as equipment failure analyses for LNG plants, refineries, and petrochemical plants gave
him a broad-based background to represent the current interests and future needs of the Asian
marketplace.
John R. Rosso, Koch Heat Transfer Company, L.P.

Takashi Noto
John served on the Board of Directors for two years. During that period he brought his experience Chiyoda Corporation
as Chief Executive Officer (CEO) for the Koch Heat Transfer group of companies (USA, Canada,
Italy, UK, and China) to bear on the Board deliberations. With nearly 35 years of domestic and
international engineering and manufacturing experience, including product development, market
introduction, operations and supply management, John brought a unique perspective on both
engineering and business affairs.
We wish both continued success in their careers and are pleased that their companies continue to
participate in Communication Committee and/or Task Force activities.
John R. Rosso
Koch Heat Transfer
Company, L.P.

research reports
Report S-SS-3-18
CFD Simulations of Single-Phase Turbulent Shellside Flow (February 2008)
Detailed CFD simulations of the shellside flow through an industrial-sized heat exchanger show very
good agreement with Xist predictions. The high fidelity solution illustrates important effects of the
tube-to-baffle, baffle-to-shell, and bundle-to-shell leakage streams. Velocity contours and path lines
from the simulations confirm and clarify the flow patterns encapsulated by the Stream Analysis
method over five decades ago. Using CFD, we can improve methods for other baffle arrangements in
shell-and-tube exchangers even when we lack experimental data.
Report BG1-11
Onset of Nucleate Boiling for Plain Surfaces (March 2008)
Read Report BG1-11 to learn the minimum temperature difference for a reboiler or vaporizer to
perform properly as a boiling system instead of a single-phase heat transfer system!
Report BG1-11 discusses principle and predictive models of the onset of nucleate boiling (ONB) for
plain surfaces. It analyzes open literature and HTRI ONB data and proposes a model for predicting
wall superheats required for nucleate boiling for pure components and mixtures. It also discusses
parameters affecting the requirements of ONB and provides guidelines for designing reboilers or
vaporizers for low delta-T applications.
Report BK1-11
Two-Dimensional CFD Simulations of Kettle Reboilers (July 2008)
To gain further insight into kettle reboiler operation and improve Xist models, we simulated several
kettle reboilers in two dimensions using computational fluid dynamics. The two-phase results show
good agreement with pressure drop and vapor volume fraction measurements from the literature.
Moreover, the results allow us to observe liquid and vapor flow patterns, quantify recirculation and
vapor volume fraction, and assess the vibration potential. Refer to BK1-11 for more details about this
study.
Report CT-20
Two-Phase Pressure Drop Method for Tubeside Reflux Condensation (July 2008)
Are you considering the design or rating of tubeside reflux condensers but have trouble getting
reasonable pressure drop predictions? Do you want to know the two-phaseflow pressure drop
mechanism inside a tube between reflux condensation and downflow condensation in gravity-
controlled flow? What is the level of confidence in HTRIs tubeside reflux condensation pressure drop
method used in Xist for predictions of experimental data?
Report CT-20 presents our two-phase pressure drop method for tubeside reflux condensation. In this
report, you can learn more about how we
developed a new two-phase friction pressure drop method, Ptpf

modified two-phase static pressure drop method, Ptps
compared the predictions of the new method and and modified method with data

Q 12-1
Design Guidelines for Crude Oil Preheater Fouling Mitigation (July 2008)
Crude oil preheaters are notorious for heavy fouling. However, experience and field data have
demonstrated that judicious design and operation can significantly reduce the fouling in crude oil
preheaters, particularly at the hot end of the train. This Q article describes the four variables that the
heat transfer specialist has some control overshear stress, metal selection, temperature, and crude
oil flashingand provides guidelines for each of them.
HTRI reports are available in Level 3 of the secured website for all Category III, IV, and V HTRI members. Q articles
are available in Level 2 for all Category III, IV, and V members and for Category II members subscribing to the Design
Manual. Access requires the installation of HTRI e-Library and an Internet connection.
For information on upgrading your membership, please contact Membership@HTRI.net. If you have installed HTRI
e-Library and are having trouble accessing www.HTRI.net, please contact Support@HTRI.net.

recognizing staff
HTRI Forms Research Teams
Farrell, Huang, and Yang Promoted to Coordinator
HTRIs research program continues to grow. To foster the professional development of our newest
research engineers, we have created Coordinator positions for three Senior Project Engineers who
will supervise other engineering staff. By working more closely with senior staff in their areas of
specialization, new staff can capitalize on the technical expertise of their colleagues, thus developing
their own skills more fully and quickly.
Kevin J. Farrell will oversee the work of staff performing CFD and visualization studies. After
seven years at HTRI, he is our acknowledged expert on fluid dynamics and vibration. Over the past
two years, he developed the requirements for a new visualization program and investigated the
equipment needed. Kevin graduated from Pennsylvania State University, State College, Pennsylvania,
USA, with his B.S., M.S., and Ph.D. in Mechanical Engineering, where he also worked for 16 years as a
researcher and deputy head of the Fluid Machinery Department of the Applied Research Laboratory
(ARL). A member of ASME and ISA, Kevin is a licensed Professional Engineer (P.E.) in Pennsylvania
and Texas.
LiDong Huang will direct the activities of staff engaged in boiling and single-
Kevin J. Farrell phase flow research. LiDong joined HTRI in 1995, shortly after graduating
with his Ph.D. in Mechanical Engineering from the University of Houston,
Houston, Texas, USA. Prior to immigrating to the United States, he had earned
his B.S. from Shanghai Maritime University and an M.S. from University of
Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China. LiDong has focused
primarily on boiling and two-phase flow phenomena but also has conducted
experimental work on plate heat exchangers and organic fouling. LiDong has
taught several courses at HTRI meetings and member company sites in China.
He is a member of ASME and a licensed Professional Engineer (P.E.) in Texas.
LiDong Huang
Zhihua Frank Yang will oversee the activities of engineers for expanded
studies in condensation research, including those on the Low Pressure Condensation Unit (LPCU)
currently under construction. Frank has led our condensation research efforts since joining HTRI in
1991. He holds a B.S. in Power and Mechanical Engineering from Xian Jiaotong University, China,
and an M.S. and Ph.D. in Mechanical Engineering from State University of New York at Stony Brook,
New York, USA. In the mid-1990s, Frank helped lead our initial sales and marketing efforts in China.
He has taught several courses at HTRI meetings and member company sites in China. He was named
an ASME Fellow in 2004 and is a licensed Professional Engineer (P.E.) in Texas.
Zhihua Frank Yang

Record Growth Leads to Staff Changes
Promotions Announced in Accounting Services and Membership Services
Two areas most directly impacted by our record growth are Accounting and Membership Services. To
recognize the increased responsibility in supervising staff and overseeing more activity in each area,
Jo Ann Cole was promoted to Manager, Accounting Services, and Janet A. Hays was named Assistant
Manager, Membership Services.
Jo Ann Coles tenure at HTRI began in 1990. She has ably overseen all of HTRIs accounting and
payroll functions since the companys relocation from California to Texas (TX), USA. After graduating
from high school in Madisonville, TX, she became a bookkeeper for a local automobile dealership.
Four years later, Jo Ann began working for the Conlee family of companies, including the largest
local moving and storage firm, a restaurant, and farm enterprise. As their full-charge bookkeeper,
she was responsible for all accounts payable, payroll, general ledger transactions, and financial
statements. At HTRI, she has had ample opportunity to expand her accounting knowledge and the
scope of her duties. As a whatever it takes staff person, she also has used her insight of moving
industry practices to manage all corporate and staff relocations for the past 18 years.
Jo Ann attended Blinn College, Bryan, TX. She is an avid vegetable gardener and woodwork Jo Ann Cole
refinisher. Now she and her husband Dennis, Director of Production for the Association of Former
Students at Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, are embarking on a home-building project.
They have three grown children: Chad Cannon, Kim Cole, and Brandon Cole.
Janet A. Hays joined HTRI last year as Senior Membership Associate. In the last issue of The
Exchanger, we highlighted her career in multiple customer service and training roles.
With over two decades of supervisory experience, she was well positioned to quickly assume
responsibility for overseeing the activities of the two full-time Membership Associates who process
prospective member requests, as well new and renewing membership agreements. Because our
consortium now includes 900 members and Participating Affiliates, the volume of activity puts her
customer service and organizational skills to good use.
Janet A. Hays
HTRI Expands Technical Support Service

To meet the requests for technical support in the expanding Europe,
Middle East, and Africa (EMEA) market, Dave Evans has joined our
Technical Support team, handling technical inquiries through our EMEA
office in Guildford, Surrey, United Kingdom.
To best ensure that your message reaches an available staff person, e-mail
technical inquiries to
Support@HTRI.net
Technical support is available from all HTRI locations, as well as from
representatives in Italy and South Africa. Further contact information
appears on the back cover of this newsletter.

recognizing staff
New Staff Join HTRI Team
Benjamin D. Bailey
Senior Information Systems Specialist
The increase in HTRI staff and the expansion of our information systems infrastructure required
hiring additional personnel to assist in administering our network system and to provide internal
user support. Ben brings to this position over seven years experience installing, supporting,
troubleshooting, and administering Microsoft Windows-based computers and networks.
Ben graduated from Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas (TX), USA, with a B.S. in
Journalism in 2003. While attending school, he worked part-time as a PC/LAN Technician at his
Benjamin D. Bailey alma mater, Allen Academy, a private K-12 school in his hometown of Bryan, TX. After graduation, he
joined the school on a full-time basis as their Systems Administrator, gaining broad-based expertise
with servers, operating systems, and networking, as well as with supporting the hardware and
software applications of over 300 faculty, administrators, and students.
His strong communications background is a real plus in interacting with the staff that he supports
and in documenting operations protocols. Ben also holds A+ and Network+ Certifications.
Salem A. Bouhairie
Engineer, Research
Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) has proven to be a valuable tool, and the use of CFD at HTRI
is now well-integrated in multiple research projects. Salem was hired to help address the demand for
more internal and contract CFD studies. He becomes the third Canadian on staff. His experience in
physical hydraulic modeling investigations at Northwest Hydraulic Consultants, Edmonton, Alberta,
Canada, has given him a broad-based knowledge of heat and mass transfer, process design and
modeling, and computational methods.
He earned his B.S., M.S., and Ph.D. in Civil Engineering from McGill University, Montreal, Quebec,
Salem A. Bouhairie
Canada. While pursuing his graduate studies, he was an Adjunct Professor teaching Water Resources
and Hydraulic Engineering; he also worked as a Numerical Modeller and Laboratory Experimenter.
His dissertation on Computational Methods for Calculating Heat Transfer from a Circular Cylinder in
Crossflow was partially funded by the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada.
Following his graduation, he became a Research Assistant at the university gaining additional
experience with CFD in modeling fluid flows. He has delivered presentations on his work in Canada,
the United States, England, and Brazil; his most recent research work has been published in the
Journal of Fluid Mechanics.
Salem was born in Paris, France, and also had the opportunity to live in Germany and the United
States before his family settled in Montreal. He, his wife Allison Watchorn, and their 22-month-old
daughter Dalyn have now relocated to Texas and look forward to a warmer winter.

Elizabeth H. Duff
Administrative Assistant
With the resignation of Makala J. Gerland, HTRI has hired Elizabeth to provide administrative
support to technical management and staff, especially with documents and databases related to
Technical Committee, Communication Committee, and Task Force activities. She will also serve
as the HTRI librarian. She brings to this position a proven record of success in managing diverse
activities and providing an exceptionally high standard of customer satisfaction.
After moving to College Station from San Angelo, Texas (TX), USA, Elizabeth worked eight years for
The Adam Corporation/Group, Bryan, TX, as the Household Manager providing onsite supervision Elizabeth H. Duff
of staff at the owners private homes. In addition, she served as their purchasing agent, travel and
event coordinator, and personal assistant. Prior to that, she worked as the Financial Manager for
Welch Consulting, which provides expert services in economics and statistics involving employment
practices and business litigation. Elizabeth is also an experienced travel coordinator, having spent
four years as the Assistant Conference Coordinator for the Ocean Drilling Program at Texas A&M
University, College Station.
Elizabeth attended the University of Texas, Austin, TX, and Angelo State University, San Angelo, TX.
She completed additional programs in floral design and household management and is also a trained
airline reservation representative. She and her husband Kevin, Manager of Customer Support with
Arbin Instruments in College Station, have lived in the local area for more than twenty years. During
their spare time, they enjoy music, traveling, and cooking.
C. Eddie Sherman
Database & Applications Developer
After completing a four-month internship at HTRI and graduating from Texas A&M University,
College Station, Texas (TX), USA, Eddie joined the staff in May 2008. While earning his B.S. in
Technology Management with a Minor in Business, he also gained six years of experience as a Senior
Information Technology Associate in the College of Education and Human Development.
His familiarity with database installation and maintenance, as well as his programming skills and
user support experience, gives him a valuable perspective to develop a comprehensive membership
database. In addition, he is working with staff in creating business applications for HTRIs online C. Eddie Sherman
meeting and training registration system and integrating these into our new website which will be
unveiled in the first quarter of 2009. Eddie will also work with the accounting staff on enhancements
to their software and with the technical staff on improving the database that tracks Technical
Operating Plan projects and progress.
A lifelong resident of Texas, Eddie enjoys golfing and fishing. He and his wife Heather, a
kindergarten teacher for the Navasota Independent School District, Navasota, TX, have a
four-year-old son, Noah.

recognizing staff
Research Technicians Celebrate Tenth Anniversaries at HTRI
In 1998 when HTRI was recruiting a research technician, both Bernadette (Becky) E. Glover and H.
Steve Buckley interviewed for the position. In February 1998, we hired Becky and three months later
Steve joined the team. Now four of the six HTRI technicians have reached their ten-year milestone.
A native of Massachusetts, Becky relocated to Texas (TX), then moved to Louisiana (LA) before
settling permanently in the Bryan-College Station area nearly twenty-five years ago with her husband
John and daughters, Rachel and June. Although she and her husband previously owned a heating and
air-conditioning (HVAC) firm, she spent most of her professional career in process and power plant
environments.
For twelve years, she worked as an Instrument Technician at the Texas Municipal Power Agency in
Carlos, TX. There she was responsible for preventative maintenance, as well as the troubleshooting
and repair on instrumentation for electrical power production and for environmental monitoring
systems. Prior to that, she was a Journeyman-Instrumentman for five years at Firestone Synthetic
Becky E. Glover Rubber Company in Lake Charles, LA. Becky also spent a few years in manufacturing companies as
a drill press operator, quality control inspector, and chassis assembler before graduating from the
Southwest Louisiana Technical Institute in Lake Charles.
Prior to joining HTRI, Steve spent over twenty years working for Exxon Pipeline Company, Houston,
TX as a roustabout, engineer aide, terminal operator, and field gauger measuring and monitoring the
quality and quantity of products moved by pipeline. During that period, he also attended San Jacinto
Community College in Pasadena, TX. Immediately before Steve accepted the research technician
position, he had worked for five years as the Sales Manager for Seamless Home Products, a local firm
which designs and installs residential and commercial roof gutter systems.
Except for a brief period when he attended computer operations and programming classes at the
American Automated Training Center in Kansas City, Missouri, USA, Steve has stayed close to his
Texas roots. He is married to Elizabeth (Liz) Holmgreen, another native Texan, who works for the
H. Steve Buckley City of Bryan, TX, as a System Support Specialist. He is also the father of adult twins, Jeremy and
Kristen.
The technicians are cross-trained to work on all of HTRIs research equipment, but with experience,
technicians develop in-depth knowledge and skills and become the principal technician of particular
units. Becky currently works as the lead technician on the Multipurpose Boiling Unit (MBU) and is
the chief technician responsible for the gas chromatograph. She and Steve share that role for the Total
Organic Carbon (TOC) Analyzer.

employment
Engineer Applicants must have authorization

to work in the United States.
Condensation Research
Send a rsum and letter of application detailing relevancy of work
HTRI has an immediate opening for an engineer with a specialization in experience to
two-phase flow, fluid mechanics, and thermodynamics, as well as heat
and mass transfer. Ms. S. Breaux Daniel
Vice President, Human Resources & Corporate Services
Principal Responsibilities Heat Transfer Research, Inc.
150 Venture Drive
Execute assigned multi-year HTRI research projects involving College Station, TX 77845
design and setup of experimental procedures and test USA
equipment, instrument calibration, testing, and acquisition of sbd@HTRI.net EOE/m/f/h/v
data on HTRIs pilot-plant scale Multipurpose Condensation
Unit (MCU)
Analyze experimental data, evaluate and improve the existing Engineer
correlations and design methods, and develop new analytical
models
Visualization and Laser Anemometry
Prepare technical reports and data books; present findings HTRI has an immediate opening for a specialist in visualization and laser
Implement improved methods into HTRI software anemometry.
Initial Assignments Principal Responsibilities
Collect horizontal tubeside condensation data using internally Individual will conduct qualitative and quantitative flow visualization
finned and micro-finned tubes studies using high speed digital cameras and optical anemometry
Collect inclined tubeside condensation data systems (PIV, PTV, PLIF, LDV, etc.) to measure velocity and other
Analyze experimental data and develop heat and mass scalar fields (size, temperature, concentration) in various types of heat
transfer, as well as pressure drop models and practical design exchangers, piping, mixers, and ancillary equipment.
correlations
Set up, maintain, configure, and calibrate software and
Qualifications hardware for required measurements
Interpret and analyze acquired data to improve predictive
Ph.D. in mechanical or chemical engineering methods for heat transfer and pressure drop
Three years experimental research relevant to the petroleum, Recommend design features in test components and
chemical, or petrochemical industries in at least two of the equipment to facilitate optical access
following areas (dissertation research acceptable): Prepare technical reports and present presentations on
Phase-change heat transfer, particularly for findings
multicomponent mixtures Propose new applications
Flow on tubeside and shellside heat exchangers
Two-phase flow modeling Qualifications
Two-phase flow in geometries of industrial importance
Heat transfer enhancement M.S. or Ph.D. in engineering or physics
Excellent communication and presentation skills (oral and Advanced knowledge of principles and practices of two-phase
written) flow fluid mechanics
Two years hands-on laboratory experience using optical
systems for visualizing and measuring flow velocities in two-
phase gas-liquid flows using PIV, PTV, PLIF, or LDV
Excellent communication and presentation skills (oral and
written)

employment
Applicants must have authorization

to work in the United States.
Senior Project Engineer
Software Development
Send a rsum and letter of application detailing relevancy of work
experience to HTRI has an immediate opening for a senior project engineer with
relevant software development experience.
Ms. S. Breaux Daniel
Vice President, Human Resources & Corporate Services Principal Responsibilities
Heat Transfer Research, Inc.
150 Venture Drive Manage and execute software development projects to
College Station, TX 77845 enhance and maintain heat transfer equipment modeling
USA software
sbd@HTRI.net EOE/m/f/h/v Initial assignments will focus on shell-and-tube exchangers
and tube vibration models
Identify potential software development projects for inclusion in
Software Developer the technical operating plan
Implement new and improved methods into HTRI software for
HTRI has an immediate opening for a programmer to develop heat the simulation, design, and rating of industrial heat transfer
exchanger modeling software. equipment
Prepare technical documentation and reports; present
Principal Responsibilities presentations to HTRI membership
Enhance and maintain C++ based graphical user interfaces Qualifications

Assist with transition of interfaces to .Net
Develop tools/scripts to support in-house application testing Work requires knowledge of principles and practices of fluid mechanics
Author/generate system-level documentation and heat transfer. Prefer candidates familiar with heat transfer
equipment.
Initial Assignments
In addition, individual must have
Develop graphical interfaces for modeling heat transfer
equipment B.S. in Chemical or Mechanical Engineering (M.S. or Ph.D.
Update current 2D/3D visualization tools to interface with new preferred)
graphics library Ten years advanced engineering experience
Assist with automation of testing/quality control procedures Five years experience in developing Microsoft Windows-
Redesign software development intranet site to enhance based engineering applications
technical support Working knowledge of C++ and/or FORTRAN programming
Qualifications written)
Advanced knowledge of and five years commercial experience

with Microsoft Windows-based applications development in
C++
B.S.; prefer candidates with degree in Computer Science
written)
Prefer candidates with experience in

COM/.Net based applications
Documentation development
Engineering application development
FORTRAN programming

recognizing members
February October 2008
New Members
A-Evangelista S.A. IESA - Projetos, Equipamentos e PT SAS Internasional - PT Boma Bisma
Canning, Buenos Aires, Argentina Montagens S/A Indra Joint Operation
Araraquara, So Paulo, Brazil Pasuruan, East Java, Indonesia
AB Progetti S.r.l.
Torino, Italy Indian Oil Corporation Limited PT. Timas Suplindo
Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India Jakarta, Indonesia
AbeX Corporation
Hiroshima, Japan Ingenero Technologies (India) Private PT. Truba Jaya Engineering
Limited Jakarta, Indonesia
Acid Engineering & Consulting, Inc.
Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
Boca Raton, Florida, USA Reynolds Chemequip Pvt. Ltd.
IOT Design & Engineering Limited Belgaum, Karnataka, India
Added Value Engineering Consultants
New Delhi, India
(Pty) Limited Saipem S.p.A.
Woodmead, South Africa JFE Chemical Corporation Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
Chiba, Japan
Aditya Birla Management Corporation Sep-pro Systems, Inc.
Private Limited Jiangsu Sunpower Technology Co., Ltd. Houston, Texas, USA
Vadodara, Gujarat, India Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
Shanghai Research Institute of
Asvotec Termoindustrial Ltda. John Round Petrochemical Technology
Monte Mor, So Paulo, Brazil Claygate, Surrey, United Kingdom Shanghai, China
Bendel Corporation Jord Industries FZC StatoilHydro ASA
Charlotte, North Carolina, USA Sharjah, United Arab Emirates Stavanger, Norway
Bharat Pumps & Compressors Limited KFC Projetos e Consultoria Ltda. Taller Comercio, C.A.
Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh, India Rio de Janeiro, Brazil Punto Fijo, Venezuela
Chart Cooler Service Company, Inc. Lanzhou LS Heat Exchange Equipment Co., TCE Consulting Engineers Limited
Tulsa, Oklahoma, USA Ltd. Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
Lanzhou, Gansu, China
CJSC Lenmashneftekhim Technical Net Service Company
Saint Petersburg, Russia LS Petrochem Equipment Corporation Kawasaki, Kanagawa, Japan
Walnut, California, USA
Conser S.p.A. Tenaga Tiub Sdn Bhd
Rome, Italy Mazda Limited Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
Croll Reynolds Company, Inc. Tereftalatos Mexicanos, S.A. de C.V.
Parsippany, New Jersey, USA MiRO Mineraloelraffinerie Oberrhein Cosoleacaque, Veracruz, Mexico
GmbH & Co. KG
Dialog OTEC Sdn Bhd Termia Ltda.
Karlsruhe, Germany
Petaling Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia Antofagasta, Chile
MMC AMEC Sdn Bhd
Elite Precision Components Sdn. Bhd. TITAN Metal Fabricators, Inc.
Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia Camarillo, California, USA
National Engineering and Technical
Fauji Fertilizer Company Limited Tokuyama Corporation
Company Ltd.
Rawalpindi, Pakistan Shunan-shi, Yamaguchi, Japan
Lagos, Nigeria
Gas Liquids Engineering Ltd. TOTAL S.A.
National Institute of Ocean Technology
Calgary, Alberta, Canada Paris, France
Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
GMM Pfaudler Limited Ventech Engineers International
Nikki Shoji Co., Ltd.
Karamsad, Gujarat, India Corporation
Yokohama, Japan
Pasadena, Texas, USA
Haldia Petrochemicals Limited
Oil & Gas Solutions, LLC
Kolkata, West Bengal, India Woongjin Polysilicon Co., Ltd.
Houston, Texas, USA
Seoul, Korea
Harbin Air Conditioning Co., Ltd.
PETRONAS Penapisan (Terengganu) Sdn.
Harbin, Heilongjiang, China WTK s.r.l.
Bhd.
Lonigo, Italy
Harsh Project Consultant Kerteh, Terengganu, Malaysia
Vadodara, Gujarat, India ZAO Ridan
Profertil S.A.
Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
HDO Technologies Limited Baha Blanca, Buenos Aires, Argentina
Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
PT. Pertamina (Persero)
Heatec Jietong Pte Ltd Jakarta, Indonesia
Singapore
PT. Puspetindo
horst weyer und partner gmbh Gresik, East Java, Indonesia
Dren, Germany

recognizing members
New Participating Affiliates
API Schmidt-Bretten GmbH & Co. KG KPS Technology & Engineering LLC
Bretten, Germany Overland Park, Kansas, USA
APV China Ltd. L&T-Chiyoda Limited
Shanghai, China Vadodara, Gujarat, India
Balcke-Duerr Italiana Srl Motiva Enterprises LLC
Rome, Italy Houston, Texas, USA
CB&I Lummus, LLC Nansei Sekiyu K.K.
Cairo, Egypt Nishihara-cho, Okinawa, Japan
Chevron Lummus Global LLC Shell Nederland Chemie B.V.
Richmond, California, USA Moerdijk, The Netherlands
CITEX Technip Middle East - Doha
Vaulx-en-Velin, France Doha, Qatar
Colt Engineering Corporation Univation Technologies, LLC
Calgary, Alberta, Canada Houston, Texas, USA
ConocoPhillips Canada Resources Corporation Wolverine Tubagem (Portugal), LDA
Calgary, Alberta, Canada Esposende, Portugal
ConocoPhillips Indonesia Ltd. WorleyParsons Canada Ltd.
Jakarta, Indonesia Calgary, Alberta, Canada
Dow Chemical International Pvt. Ltd. WorleyParsons Services Pty Ltd
Chennai, India Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
GEA Ecoflex Italia S.r.l. WorleyParsons Services Pty Ltd
Parma, Italy Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
GEA Ecoflex UK Ltd. WorleyParsons Services Sdn Bhd
Tyseley, Birmingham, United Kingdom Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
GEA Erg-Spirale et Soramat S.A.S.
Wingles, France
GEA Scambiatori di Calore S.r.l.
Monvalle, Italy
Solution for word search
GEA ViEX Inc.
puzzle on page 15
Newmarket, Ontario, Canada
JGC Gulf International L.L.C.
Al-Khobar, Saudi Arabia
Jingding Engineering & Construction Co., Ltd.
Beijing, China
Kawasaki Heavy Industries, Ltd.
Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
KBC Advanced Technologies Canada Ltd
Calgary, Alberta, Canada
KBC Advanced Technologies, Inc.
Houston, Texas, USA
KBC Advanced Technology Pte Ltd
Singapore
KBC Process Technology Ltd
Walton on Thames, Surrey, United Kingdom
KNM Engineering Services Private Limited
Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, India
Koch Heat Transfer Technology Company
Shanghai, China

Renewing Members
ACM (Ateliers de Chaudronnerie de Monplaisir) INVISTA S. r.l.
AEL Apparatebau GmbH Leisnig ITL Enterprise Co., Ltd.
Air Industrie Thermique ITT Standard
Air Liquide Engineering S.A. IWS-Monj Limited
Allied Heat Transfer J. W. Williams, Inc.
Altra Energy Ltd Jiangsu Shuangliang Air-Conditioning Equipment Co., Ltd.
Ambitech Engineering Corporation Joseph Bouchier
The Anup Engineering Limited KAPP Nederland B.V.
APEMA - Equipamentos Industriais Ltda. Kashima Vinyl Chloride Monomer Company
API Heat Transfer Inc. KNM Process Systems Sdn Bhd
APL Apparatebau GmbH Korea Heat Exchanger Ind. Co., Ltd.
Baker Petrolite Corporation Litwin
BASF SE M. M. Metallurgica Medolago Srl
Bertrams Heatec AG Manning & Lewis Engineering Co., Inc.
BGR Energy Systems Limited MARK-PROJEKT Sp. z o.o.
Bihl Anlagen-& Verfahrenstechnik Mass and Heat Transfer Technology (Pty) Ltd
Britannia Metal Industries (Vic.) Pty Ltd. MECS, Inc.
Brown Fintube France S.A. Melter, S.A. de C.V.
Calhex Industries Ltd. Myung-Ji Engineering Co.
CANDO Co., Ltd. NATCO Japan Co., Ltd.
Cannon Boiler Works, Inc. Nichiyo Engineering Corporation
Chemtech Servios de Engenharia e Software Ltda. OMV (Pakistan) Exploration GmbH
Chicago Power & Process, Inc. Onda S.p.A.
Chisso Engineering Co., Ltd. ORLEN Projekt S.A.
COEK Engineering NV Patels Airtemp (India) Ltd.
Commonwealth Engineering and Construction, LLC Pattinson Engineering Ltd.
Compaa Espaola de Compensadores S.A. SACOME PETROBRAS - Petrleo Brasileiro S.A.
D. C. Fabricators, Inc. Petrleos de Venezuela, S.A.
Day & Zimmermann Limited PETRONAS Technical Services Sdn. Bhd.
Deutsche Infineum GmbH Prner Ingenieurgesellschaft mbH
Dipesh Engineering Works Pressure Vessels and Heat Transfer Consultants Ltd.
DongHwa Entec Progressive Thermal Engineering
Dordtse Engineering B.V. Projects & Development India Limited
Dunn Heat Exchangers, Inc. ProjEx Technologies Ltd.
Dynatherm PT. Tripatra Engineering
DynMcDermott Petroleum Operations Company Refrigeration Engineering Pty Limited
elwatec Wrmetechnik GmbH S.T. Special Tanks s.r.l.
EngiServ Corporation Saipem India Projects Limited
Equipos de Proceso Mexicanos, S.A. de C.V. Saudi Aramco
Equipos Industriales del Golfo, S.A. de C.V. Scientific Design Company, Inc.
EQUITHERM Scomi Oiltools Inc.
Ezer Co., Ltd. SHI Mechanical & Equipment Inc.
Fin Tube Technology Co., Ltd. Shinko Plantech Co., Ltd.
Flovex S.p.A. SK Engineering & Construction Co., Ltd. (SKEC)
GE India Technology Centre Pvt. Ltd. Spiro-Gills Ltd.
GEA Aircooled Systems (Pty) Ltd. Stamicarbon B.V.
Gerd Lannewehr Steeltek, Inc.
GS Engineering & Construction Corp. Sterling Chemicals, Inc.
Gulf Chemicals and Industrial Resins Co. TECHNOEDIF Engenharia, SA
Hanol Technology Inc. Tex-Fin, Inc.
Hantech Ltd. ThermoEx Company Limited
High Country Fabrication, Inc. Thronson Internacional de Venezuela, C.A.
Hyundai Heavy Industries Co., Ltd. TIW WESTERN Inc.
IMV Projects Inc. Tokyo Gas Engineering Co., Ltd.
Industrial Design Consultants s.n.c. Toyo-Thai Corporation Public Company Limited
Industrial Energy Surveys Ltd. Tranter, Inc.
Industrias Metalrgicas Van Dam C.A. URS Corporation
INPPA S.A. Venezolana de Proyectos Integrados Vepica, C.A.
Intercambiadores y Serpentines Especiales, S.A. de C.V. Vermeer Eemhaven B.V.
Intercol Ltda. White Oak Radiator Service, Inc.
International Coil Limited Worsley Alumina Pty. Ltd.

contacting HTRI technical support
Worldwide Representatives Support@HTRI.net
Heat Transfer Research, Inc. SantAmbrogio Servizi Industriali s.r.l.
150 Venture Drive
College Station, Texas 77845 USA
Piazza Carlo Donegani, 8
20133 Milan
current software
Italy HTRI Xchanger Suite.......................5.0
+1.979.690.5050 office +39.02.7060.3113 office
+1.979.690.3250 fax +39.02.266.3546 fax Xace Xfh Xhpe Xist
HTRI@HTRI.net HTRI.Italy@HTRI.net Xjpe Xphe Xspe Xtlo
www.HTRI.net Xvib
UIT, Inc.
Suite 501 Taeyang 21 Bldg.
Asia-Pacific 832-21 Yeoksam-dong, Gangnam-gu HTRI Xchanger Suite Educational
Seoul 135-080 HTRI e-Library..................................1.3
Heat Transfer Research, Inc. Korea
World Business Garden Marive East 14F +82.2.2051.2305 office Software distributed by HTRI
Nakase 2-6, Mihamaku +82.2.2051.2306 fax EHT..................................................2.1
Chiba 261-7114 HTRI.Korea@HTRI.net
Japan To order HTRI software updates, e-mail
ImageGrafix Software FZCO Orders@HTRI.net
+81.43.297.0353 office JAFZA 12
+81.43.297.0354 fax P.O. Box 61425
HTRI.AsiaPacific@HTRI.net Jebel Ali Free Zone
Dubai upcoming events
UAE January - May 2009
EMEA +971.4.881.9033 office
(Europe, Middle East, Africa) +971.4.881.9034 fax North American Training Week
HTRI.ME@HTRI.net January 19 - 23, 2009
Heat Transfer Research, Inc. Pebble Creek Country Club
The Surrey Technology Centre Heat Transfer ABC B.V. College Station, Texas, USA
40 Occam Road Calslaan 7 Fundamentals of Heat Exchanger
Guildford, Surrey GU2 7YG 2314 GJ Leiden Technology Short Course
United Kingdom The Netherlands Xist Workshop
+31.71.8883781 office Xvib Workshop
+44.(0)1483.685100 office +31.847.452244 fax Kettle Reboilers and Vaporizers
+44.(0)1483.685101 fax HTRI.Netherlands@HTRI.net Short Course
HTRI.EMEA@HTRI.net Condensers Workshop
Bureau hi Prom European Training Week
Building 1b March 9 - 13, 2009
India Kievskaya str. 6 Steigenberger Kurhaus Hotel, Den Haag
196084, Saint-Petersburg The Hague, The Netherlands
C-1, First Floor, Tower-B, Indraprasth Complex Russia
Australian Meeting
Near Inox Multiplex, Race Course (North) +7.812.7777.33.4, ext. 250 office
March 23 - 27, 2009
Vadodara - 390007, Gujarat +7.812.7777.33.5 fax
Four Points by Sheraton, Darling Harbour
India HTRI.RussiaCIS@HTRI.net
Sydney, Australia
+91.982.514.7775 office Mass and Heat Transfer Technology (Pty) Ltd ACHEMA 2009
HTRI.India@HTRI.net Technology House May 11 - 15, 2009
#6 Panorama Office Estate Frankfurt Exhibition Grounds
Kudu Street, Allens Nek Frankfurt am Main, Germany
1723 Roodepoort Latin American Meeting
South Africa May 25 - 29, 2009
+27.11.675.0100 office JW Marriott Hotel, Rio de Janeiro
+27.11.675.0101 fax Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
Staff information, including e-mail addresses, HTRI.SouthAfrica@HTRI.net
appears on the Contact Us page For more details, see
of our public website at www.HTRI.net. Upcoming Events at www.HTRI.net
HTRI Issue 2 2008

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e ng e r

HTRIs increasing global presence

e-Books Guest Presentations

e-News! debuts for HTRI e-Flash! subscribers

Page 2 HTRI Issue 2 2008

Volunteers Make a Difference Claudette D. Beyer

Celebrate Growth: Headquarters Expansion

Our 47th Year of Business

2008 Issue 2 HTRI Page 3

We are expanding into two important areas this year:

Test or Support Unit Completed In Progress/Planned Comments

Page 4 HTRI Issue 2 2008

Stan with current and past Technical Committee Chairs

Bonnie and Stan receiving the applause

Stan addressing the crowd

Bonnie and Stan enjoying his 35th anniversary

Stans 25th anniversary dinner

2008 Issue 2 HTRI Page 5

Dr. Hans Mller-Steinhagen, Head of the Institute of Technical Thermodynamics, German

Dr. Hans Mller-Steinhagen is recognized internationally

Page 6 HTRI Issue 2 2008

Distinguished Visiting Fellow, Royal Academy of Engineering, 2008

HTRI Amends Corporate Bylaws

2008 Issue 2 HTRI Page 7

Jaroslav Josef Jerry Taborek

First HTRI Employee and First Technical Director

establishing HTRIs experimental research program

We salute his many career achievements and honor his memory.

Page 8 HTRI Issue 2 2008

Crossflow velocity exceeds critical velocity, indicating probability of fluidelastic instability

2008 Issue 2 HTRI Page 9

First, start with a base layout on the Tube Layout

Keep sending your suggestions for Xchanger

Page 10 HTRI Issue 2 2008

Howden Buffalo Inc.

EUROTHERM International Conference on

Plan now to attend this conference! KEY THEMES

2008 Issue 2 HTRI Page 11

Page 12 HTRI Issue 2 2008

In the inner regionwhich is nominally 10 to 20 percent of the boundary layer thicknessthe

In the outer region of the turbulent boundary layer, far

The inner-, outer-, and overlap layer laws, which are

So strictly speaking, even if we accept the

2008 Issue 2 HTRI Page 13

To determine the actual flooded level in the tubeside outlet header:

Nicholas F. Urbanski 1. Calculate the subcooled area based on the

3. Starting at the bottom of the tube layout

4. Determine, again based on the actual

For a complete description and example calculations,

Other TechTips Posted on Secured Website

Page 14 HTRI Issue 2 2008

Reduces size, number

heat transfer enhancement

Used in both single and 2-phase

CRUDE OIL CHEMICALS EMULSIONS

hiTRAN HTRI Mag HPA.indd 1 7/11/08 14:55:12

Vibration Word Search Answers on page 38

ACOUSTIC VIBRATION FREQUENCY

2008 Issue 2 HTRI Page 15

Annualized revenue from new

Continuing the trend of recent years,

Page 16 HTRI Issue 2 2008

CC-China (Wei-Ming Zhu, Chair)

CC-Japan (Hiroshi Morishita, Chair)