A3989 Datasheet

A3989
Bipolar Stepper and High Current DC Motor Driver
Not for New Design

The A3989SEVTR-T is in production but has been determined to be
NOT FOR NEW DESIGN. This classification indicates that sale of
this device is currently restricted to existing customer applications. The
device should not be purchased for new design applications because
obsolescence in the near future is probable. Samples are no longer
available.
Date of status change: June 27, 2016
Recommended Substitutions:
Recommended Substitutions:
A5989GEVTR-T
NOTE: For detailed information on purchasing options, contact your

local Allegro field applications engineer or sales representative.
Allegro MicroSystems, Inc. reserves the right to make, from time to time, revisions to the anticipated product life cycle plan
for a product to accommodate changes in production capabilities, alternative product availabilities, or market demand. The
information included herein is believed to be accurate and reliable. However, Allegro MicroSystems, Inc. assumes no respon-
sibility for its use; nor for any infringements of patents or other rights of third parties which may result from its use.
A3989
Bipolar Stepper and High Current DC Motor Driver
Features and Benefits Description

36 V output rating
The A3989 is designed operate at voltages up to 36 V while driving
2.4 A DC motor driver
one bipolar stepper motor, at currents up to 1.2A, and one DC motor,
1.2 A bipolar stepper driver
at currents up to 2.4 A. The A3989 includes a fixed off-time pulse
Synchronous rectification
width modulation (PWM) regulator for current control. The stepper
Internal undervoltage lockout (UVLO)
motor driver features dual 2-bit nonlinear DACs (digital-to-analog
Thermal shutdown circuitry
converters) that enable control in full, half, and quarter steps. The
Crossover-current protection
DC motor is controlled using standard PHASE and ENABLE signals.
Very thin profile QFN package
Fast or slow current decay is selected via the MODE pin. The PWM
current regulator uses the Allegro patented mixed decay mode for
reduced audible motor noise, increased step accuracy, and reduced
power dissipation.
Internal synchronous rectification control circuitry is provided to

improve power dissipation during PWM operation.
Package: 36 pin QFN with exposed thermal pad
0.90 mm nominal height (suffix EV) Protection features include thermal shutdown with hysteresis,
undervoltage lockout (UVLO) and crossover current protection.
Special power up sequencing is not required.
The A3989 is supplied in a leadless 6 mm 6 mm 0.9 mm,

36 pin QFN package with exposed power tab for enhanced thermal
performance. The package is lead (Pb) free, with 100% matte tin
leadframe plating.
Approximate scale 1:1
0.1 F 0.1 F
50 V 50 V
100 F 0.22 F
50 V 50 V
CP1 CP2 VCP VBB VBB
VDD OUT1A
OUT1B
PHASE1 SENSE1
I01
A3989
Microcontroller or I11 OUT2A

Controller Logic PHASE2
OUT2B
I02 SENSE2
I12
PHASE3
OUT3A
ENABLE
OUT3A
MODE
OUT3B
VREF1 OUT3B
VREF2 SENSE3
VREF3 SENSE3
GND GND
Figure 1. Typical application circuit
A3989DS, Rev. 3
A3989 Bipolar Stepper and High Current DC Motor Driver
Selection Guide
Part Number Packing
A3989SEV-T 61 pieces per tube
A3989SEVTR-T 1500 pieces per reel
Absolute Maximum Ratings

Characteristic Symbol Notes Rating Units
-0.5 to 36 V
Load Supply Voltage VBB
Pulsed tw < 1 s 38 V
Logic Supply Voltage VDD 0.4 to 7 V
Stepper motor driver, continuous 1.2 A
Stepper motor driver, pulsed tw < 1 s 2.8 A
Output Current* IOUT
Dc motor driver, continuous 2.4 A
Dc motor driver, pulsed tw < 1 s 3.5 A
Logic Input Voltage Range VIN 0.3 to 7 V
0.5 V
SENSEx Pin Voltage VSENSEx
Pulsed tw < 1 s 2.5 V
VREFx Pin Voltage VREFx 2.5 V
Operating Temperature Range TA Range S 20 to 85 C
Junction Temperature TJ(max) 150 C
Storage Temperature Range Tstg 55 to 150 C
* May be limited by duty cycle, ambient temperature, and heat sinking. Under any set of conditions, do not exceed the specified current rating or a
Junction Temperature of 150C.
Thermal Characteristics (may require derating at maximum conditions)

Characteristic Symbol Test Conditions Min. Units
Package Thermal Resistance RJA EV package, 4 layer PCB based on JEDEC standard 27 C/W
Power Dissipation versus Ambient Temperature
5500
5000
4500
4000
Power Dissipation, PD (mW)
3500
3000
2500
EV Package
2000 4-layer PCB
(RQJA = 27 C/W)
1500
1000
500
0
25 50 75 100 125 150 175
Temperature (C)
Allegro MicroSystems, LLC 2

115 Northeast Cutoff
Worcester, Massachusetts 01615-0036 U.S.A.
1.508.853.5000; www.allegromicro.com
Functional Block Diagram
0.1 F 0.1 F
50 V 50 V
To
VBB2
100 F 0.22 F
50 V 50 V
VCP
VBB
VBB
CP1
CP2
VDD VBB1
DMOS
Full Bridge 1
OSC CHARGE PUMP

VCP
OUT1A
PHASE1
OUT1B
I01
I11
Control Logic
PHASE2
Stepper Motor
GATE SENSE1
DRIVE
I02 RS1
DMOS VBB1
I12
Full Bridge 2
Sense1
-
PWM Latch
BLANKING
VREF1 3
+
OUT2A
VREF2 3
+
PWM Latch OUT2B

BLANKING
Sense 2
-
VCP
PHASE3
ENABLE Control Logic Sense 2 SENSE2

DC Motor RS2
MODE Sense 3
GATE OUT3A
DRIVE
OUT3A
Sense 3
-
DMOS OUT3B
PWM Latch
VREF3 3 BLANKING Full Bridge 3 OUT3B
+
SENSE3
SENSE3
RS3
GND
GND
NC
NC
NC
NC

ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS1, valid at TA = 25 C, VBB = 36 V, unless otherwise noted

Characteristics Symbol Test Conditions Min. Typ.2 Max. Units
Load Supply Voltage Range VBB Operating 8.0 36 V
Logic Supply Voltage Range VDD Operating 3.0 5.5 V
VDD Supply Current IDD 7 10 mA
Source driver, IOUT = 1.2 A, TJ = 25C 350 450 m
Output On Resistance (DC motor driver) RDS(on)DC
Sink driver, IOUT = 1.2 A, TJ = 25C 350 450 m
Output On Resistance (stepper motor Source driver, IOUT = 1.2 A, TJ = 25C 700 800 m
RDS(on)st
driver) Sink driver, IOUT = 1.2 A, TJ = 25C 700 800 m
Vf , Outputs IOUT = 1.2 A 1.3 V
Output Leakage IDSS Outputs, VOUT = 0 to VBB 20 20 A
IOUT = 0 mA, outputs on, PWM = 50 kHz,
VBB Supply Current IBB 8 mA
DC = 50%
Control Logic
VIN(1) 0.7VDD V
Logic Input Voltage
VIN(0) 0.3VDD V
Logic Input Current IIN VIN = 0 to 5 V 20 <1.0 20 A
Input Hysteresis Vhys 150 300 500 mV
PWM change to source on 350 550 1000 ns
PWM change to source off 35 300 ns
Propagation Delay Times tpd
PWM change to sink on 350 550 1000 ns
PWM change to sink off 35 250 ns
Crossover Delay tCOD 300 425 1000 ns
Blank Time (DC motor driver) tBLANKdc 2.5 3.2 4 s
Blank Time (stepper motor driver) tBLANKst 0.7 1 1.3 s
VREFx Pin Input Voltage Range VREFx Operating 0.0 1.5 V
VREFx Pin Reference Input Current IREF VREF = 1.5 1 A
VREF = 1.5, phase current = 100% 5 5 %
Current Trip-Level Error3 VERR VREF = 1.5, phase current = 67% 5 5 %
VREF = 1.5, phase current = 33% 15 15 %
Protection Circuits
VBB UVLO Threshold VUV(VBB) VBB rising 7.3 7.6 7.9 V
VBB Hysteresis VUV(VBB)hys 400 500 600 mV
VDD UVLO Threshold VUV(VDD) VDD rising 2.65 2.8 2.95 V
VDD Hysteresis VUV(VDD)hys 75 105 125 mV
Thermal Shutdown Temperature TJTSD 155 165 175 C
Thermal Shutdown Hysteresis TJTSDhys 15 C
1For input and output current specifications, negative current is defined as coming out of (sourcing) the specified device pin.
2Typical data are for initial design estimations only, and assume optimum manufacturing and application conditions. Performance may vary for indi-
vidual units, within the specified maximum and minimum limits.
3V
ERR = [(VREF/3) VSENSE] / (VREF/3).
DC Control Logic
PHASE ENABLE MODE OUTA OUTB Function
1 1 1 H L Forward (slow decay SR)
1 1 0 H L Forward (fast decay SR)
0 1 1 L H Reverse (slow decay SR)
0 1 0 L H Reverse (fast decay SR)
X 0 1 L L Brake (slow decay SR)
1 0 0 L H Fast decay SR*
0 0 0 H L Fast decay SR*
* To prevent reversal of current during fast decay SR the outputs will go to the high impedance state as the current gets near zero.

Functional Description
Device Operation The A3989 is designed to operate one Blanking This function blanks the output of the current sense
DC motor and one bipolar stepper motor. The currents in each of comparator when the outputs are switched by the internal current
the full bridges, all N-channel DMOS, are regulated with fixed control circuitry. The comparator output is blanked to prevent
off-time pulse width modulated (PWM) control circuitry. The false detections of overcurrent conditions, due to reverse recovery
peak current in each full bridge is set by the value of an external currents of the clamp diodes, or to switching transients related to
current sense resistor, RSx , and a reference voltage, VREFx . the capacitance of the load. Dc motors require more blank time
If the logic inputs are pulled up to VDD, it is good practice to use than stepper motors. The stepper driver blank time, tBLANKst ,
a high value pullup resistor in order to limit current to the logic is approximately 1 s. The DC driver blank time, tBLANKdc , is
inputs should an overvoltage event occur. Logic inputs include: approximately 3 s.
PHASEx, I0x, I1x, ENABLE, and MODE.
Control Logic Stepper motor communication is implemented
Internal PWM Current Control Each full-bridge is via industry standard I1, I0, and PHASE interface. This commu-
controlled by a fixed off-time PWM current control circuit that nication logic allows for full, half, and quarter step modes. Each
limits the load current to a user-specified value, ITRIP . Initially, bridge also has an independent VREF input so higher resolution step
a diagonal pair of source and sink DMOS outputs are enabled modes can be programmed by dynamically changing the voltage on
and current flows through the motor winding and RSx. When the the corresponding VREFx pin. The DC motor is controlled using
voltage across the current sense resistor equals the voltage on the standard PHASE, ENABLE communication. Fast or slow current
VREFx pin, the current sense comparator resets the PWM latch, decay during the off-time is selected via the MODE pin.
which turns off the source driver.
Charge Pump (CP1 and CP2) The charge pump is used to
The maximum value of current limiting is set by the selection of
generate a gate supply greater than the VBB in order to drive the
RS and the voltage at the VREF input with a transconductance
source-side DMOS gates. A 0.1 F ceramic capacitor should be
function approximated by:
connected between CP1 and CP2 for pumping purposes. A 0.1 F
ITripMax = VREF / (3RS) ceramic capacitor is required between VCP and VBBx to act as a
reservoir to operate the high-side DMOS devices.
The stepper motor outputs will define each current step as a
percentage of the maximum current, ITripMax. The actual current at Shutdown In the event of a fault (excessive junction tem-
each step ITrip is approximated by: perature, or low voltage on VCP), the outputs of the device are
disabled until the fault condition is removed. At power-up, the
ITrip = (% ITripMax / 100) ITripMax
undervoltage lockout (UVLO) circuit disables the drivers.
where % ITripMax is given in the Step Sequencing table.
Synchronous Rectification When a PWM-off cycle is
Note: It is critical to ensure that the maximum rating of 500 mV triggered by an internal fixed off-time cycle, load current will
on each SENSEx pin is not exceeded. recirculate. The A3989 synchronous rectification feature will
Fixed Off-Time The internal PWM current control circuitry turn on the appropriate MOSFETs during the current decay. This
uses a one shot circuit to control the time the drivers remain off. effectively shorts the body diode with the low RDS(on) driver. This
The one shot off-time, toff , is internally set to 30 s. significantly lowers power dissipation. When a zero current level

is detected, synchronous rectification is turned off to prevent puts the device in slow decay mode. Synchronous rectification is
reversal of the load current.
always enabled when ENABLE is low.
Mixed Decay Operation The stepper driver operates in
mixed decay mode. Referring to figure 2, as the trip point is Braking Driving the device in slow decay mode via the MODE
reached, the device goes into fast decay mode for 30.1% of
pin and applying an ENABLE chop command implements
the fixed off-time period. After this fast decay portion, tFD , the
device switches to slow decay mode for the remainder of the the Braking function. Because it is possible to drive current in
off-time. The DC driver decay mode is determined by the MODE
both directions through the DMOS switches, this configura-
pin. During transitions from fast decay to slow decay, the drivers
are forced off for approximately 600 ns. This feature is added to tion effectively shorts the motor-generated BEMF as long as the
prevent shoot-through in the bridge. As shown in figure 2, during
ENABLE chop mode is asserted. The maximum current can be
this dead time portion, synchronous rectification is not active,
and the device operates in fast decay and slow decay only. approximated by VBEMF/RL. Care should be taken to ensure that
the maximum ratings of the device are not exceeded in worst case
MODE Control input MODE is used to toggle between fast
decay mode and slow decay mode for the DC driver. A logic high braking situations: high speed and high inertia loads.
VPHASE
See Enlargement A
IOUT
0
Enlargement A
Fixed Off-Time 30 s
9 s 21 s
ITrip
IOUT
FDSR SDSR
FDDT SDDT SDDT
Figure 2. Mixed Decay Mode Operation

Step Sequencing Diagrams
100.0 100.0
66.7 66.7
Phase 1 Phase 1
0 0
(%) (%)
66.7
66.7
100.0 100.0
100.0 100.0
66.7 66.7
Phase 2 Phase 2
0 0
(%) (%)
66.7
66.7
100.0 100.0
Full step 2 phase Half step 2 phase

Modified full step 2 phase Modified half step 2 phase
Figure 3. Step Sequencing for Full-Step Increments. Figure 4. Step Sequencing for Half-Step Increments.

100.0
66.7
33.3
Phase 1
0
(%)
33.3
66.7
100.0
100.0
66.7
33.3
Phase 2 0
(%)
33.3
66.7
100.0
Figure 5. Decay Modes for Quarter-Step Increments
Step Sequencing Settings

Phase 1 Phase 2
Full 1/2 1/4 I0x I1x PHASE I0x I1x PHASE
(%ITripMax) (%ITripMax)
1 1 0 H H x 100 L L 1
2 33 L H 1 100 L L 1
1 2 3 100 / 66* H L/H* 1 100 / 66* H L/H* 1
4 100 L L 1 33 L H 1
3 5 100 L L 1 0 H H X
6 100 L L 1 33 L H 0
2 4 7 100 / 66* H L/H* 1 100 / 66* H L/H* 0
8 33 L H 1 100 L L 0
5 9 0 H H x 100 L L 0
10 33 L H 0 100 L L 0
3 6 11 100 / 66* H L/H* 0 100 / 66* H L/H* 0
12 100 L L 0 33 L H 0
7 13 100 L L 0 0 H H X
14 100 L L 0 33 L H 1
4 8 15 100 / 66* H L/H* 0 100 / 66* H L/H* 1
16 33 L H 0 100 L L 1
* Denotes modified step mode

Logic Timing Diagram, DC Driver
ENB
PH
MODE
VBB
OUTA
0V
VBB
OUTB
0V
IOUT
0A
A 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
VBB VBB
1 5
6
7
OutA OutB OutA OutB
2 4 8
3
9
A Charge Pump and VREG Power-up Delay (z200 s)

Applications Information
Motor Configurations For applications that require either dual in the diagram below, illustrates how to create a star ground
DC or dual stepper motors, Allegro offers the A3988 and A3995. under the device, to serve both as low impedance ground point
Both devices are offered in a 36 pin QFN package. Please refer to and thermal path.
the Allegro website for further information and datasheets for the
The two input capacitors should be placed in parallel, and as
devices.
close to the device supply pins as possible. The ceramic capaci-
Layout The printed circuit board should use a heavy ground- tor should be closer to the pins than the bulk capacitor. This is
plane. For optimum electrical and thermal performance, the necessary because the ceramic capacitor will be responsible for
A3989 must be soldered directly onto the board. On the under- delivering the high frequency current components.
side of the A3989 package is an exposed pad, which provides a
path for enhanced thermal dissipation. The thermal pad should be Sense Pins The sense resistors, RSx, should have a very
soldered directly to an exposed surface on the PCB. Thermal vias low impedance path to ground, because they must carry a large
are used to transfer heat to other layers of the PCB. current while supporting very accurate voltage measurements
by the current sense comparators. Long ground traces will cause
Grounding In order to minimize the effects of ground bounce
and offset issues, it is important to have a low impedance single- additional voltage drops, adversely affecting the ability of the
point ground, known as a star ground, located very close to the comparators to accurately measure the current in the windings.
device. By making the connection between the exposed thermal As shown in the layout below, the SENSEx pins have very short
pad and the groundplane directly under the A3989, that area traces to the RSx resistors and very thick, low impedance traces
becomes an ideal location for a star ground point. directly to the star ground underneath the device. If possible,
there should be no other components on the sense circuits.
A low impedance ground will prevent ground bounce during
high current operation and ensure that the supply voltage remains Note: When selecting a value for the sense resistors, be sure not to
stable at the input terminal. The recommended PCB layout shown exceed the maximum voltage on the SENSEx pins of 500 mV.
VBB VBB
CVCP CIN3
CVCP
CCP
GND
GND CCP
CIN3
VCP
ENABLE
I02
I01
CP2
CP1
GND
I11
I12
RS3 1
RS1
NC MODE
OUT1A OUT1A OUT3A
U1
OUT1B OUT3B SENSE1 A3989 SENSE3
RS1 OUT1B OUT3B RS3
PAD
VBB VBB
CIN1 OUT2B OUT3B CIN2
CIN1 SENSE2 SENSE3

CIN2 RS2 OUT2A OUT3A
OUT2B NC NC
OUT3A
PHASE3
PHASE2
PHASE1
VREF1
VREF2
VREF3
OUT2A
GND
VDD
NC
RS2
CVDD1
GND CVDD1
VDD CVDD2
CVDD2
Figure 5. Printed circuit board layout with typical application circuit, shown at right. The copper area directly under the
A3989 (U1) is soldered to the exposed thermal pad on the underside of the device. The thermal vias serve also as electrical
vias, connecting it to the ground plane on the other side of the PCB , so the two copper areas together form the star ground.

Pin-out Diagram
25 SENSE3
21 SENSE3
26 OUT3A
24 OUT3B
22 OUT3B
20 OUT3A
27 MODE
23 VBB
19 NC
I12 28 18 PHASE1
I11 29 17 PHASE2
GND 30 16 GND
VCP 31 PAD 15 NC
CP1 32 14 VREF3
CP2 33 13 VREF2
I01 34 12 VREF1
I02 35 11 VDD
ENABLE 36 10 PHASE3
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
OUT1A
OUT2A
NC
SENSE1
OUT1B
VBB
OUT2B
SENSE2
NC
Terminal List Table
Number Name Description
1 NC No Connect
2 OUT1A DMOS Full Bridge 1 Output A
3 SENSE1 Sense Resistor Terminal for Bridge 1
4 OUT1B DMOS Full Bridge 1 Output B
5 VBB Load Supply Voltage
9 NC No Connect
10 PHASE3 Control Input
11 VDD Logic Supply Voltage
12 VREF1 Analog Input
15 NC No Connect
16 GND Ground
19 NC No Connect
23 VBB Load Supply Voltage
24 OUT3B DMOS Full Bridge 3 Output A
26 OUT3A DMOS Full Bridge 3 Output B
27 MODE Control Input
28 I12 Control Input
30 GND Ground
31 VCP Reservoir Capacitor Terminal
32 CP1 Charge Pump Capacitor Terminal
33 CP2 Charge Pump Capacitor Terminal
36 ENABLE Control Input
Exposed pad for enhanced thermal performance. Should
PAD
be soldered to the PCB

EV Package, 36 Pin QFN with Exposed Thermal Pad
0.30
6.00 0.15 1.15 0.50
36
36
1
2 1
A 2
6.00 0.15 4.15 5.80
D 37X C 4.15
SEATING
0.08 C PLANE 5.80
+0.05 0.90 0.10

0.25 0.07
0.50
All dimensions nominal, not for tooling use

(reference JEDEC MO-220VJJD-3, except pin count)
Dimensions in millimeters
Exact case and lead configuration at supplier discretion within limits shown
0.55 0.20 B A Terminal #1 mark area
4.15 B Exposed thermal pad (reference only, terminal #1
identifier appearance at supplier discretion)
2 C Reference land pattern layout (reference IPC7351
1 QFN50P600X600X100-37V1M); All pads a minimum of 0.20 mm from
all adjacent pads; adjust as necessary to meet application process
36 requirements and PCB layout tolerances; when mounting on a
multilayer PCB, thermal vias at the exposed thermal pad land can
4.15
improve thermal dissipation (reference EIA/JEDEC Standard JESD51-5)
D Coplanarity includes exposed thermal pad and terminals

Revision History
Revision Revision Date Description of Revision
Rev. 3 May 2, 2011 Change in Vf
Copyright 2006-2013, Allegro MicroSystems, LLC

Allegro MicroSystems, LLC reserves the right to make, from time to time, such departures from the detail specifications as may be required to
permit improvements in the performance, reliability, or manufacturability of its products. Before placing an order, the user is cautioned to verify that
the information being relied upon is current.
Allegros products are not to be used in life support devices or systems, if a failure of an Allegro product can reasonably be expected to cause the
failure of that life support device or system, or to affect the safety or effectiveness of that device or system.
The information included herein is believed to be accurate and reliable. However, Allegro MicroSystems, LLC assumes no responsibility for its
use; nor for any infringement of patents or other rights of third parties which may result from its use.
For the latest version of this document, visit our website:

www.allegromicro.com


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A3989

Bipolar Stepper and High Current DC Motor Driver

Not for New Design

Date of status change: June 27, 2016

NOTE: For detailed information on purchasing options, contact your

Bipolar Stepper and High Current DC Motor Driver

Features and Benefits Description

Internal synchronous rectification control circuitry is provided to

The A3989 is supplied in a leadless 6 mm 6 mm 0.9 mm,

Approximate scale 1:1

Microcontroller or I11 OUT2A

Figure 1. Typical application circuit

Absolute Maximum Ratings

Thermal Characteristics (may require derating at maximum conditions)

Power Dissipation versus Ambient Temperature

Allegro MicroSystems, LLC 2

Functional Block Diagram

OSC CHARGE PUMP

PWM Latch OUT2B

ENABLE Control Logic Sense 2 SENSE2

Allegro MicroSystems, LLC 3

ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS1, valid at TA = 25 C, VBB = 36 V, unless otherwise noted

Allegro MicroSystems, LLC 4

Allegro MicroSystems, LLC 5

FDDT SDDT SDDT

Figure 2. Mixed Decay Mode Operation

Allegro MicroSystems, LLC 6

Step Sequencing Diagrams

Full step 2 phase Half step 2 phase

Allegro MicroSystems, LLC 7

Figure 5. Decay Modes for Quarter-Step Increments

Step Sequencing Settings

Allegro MicroSystems, LLC 8

Logic Timing Diagram, DC Driver

A Charge Pump and VREG Power-up Delay (z200 s)

Allegro MicroSystems, LLC 9

CIN1 SENSE2 SENSE3

Allegro MicroSystems, LLC 10

Allegro MicroSystems, LLC 11

EV Package, 36 Pin QFN with Exposed Thermal Pad

6.00 0.15 4.15 5.80

+0.05 0.90 0.10

All dimensions nominal, not for tooling use

Allegro MicroSystems, LLC 12

Copyright 2006-2013, Allegro MicroSystems, LLC

For the latest version of this document, visit our website:

Allegro MicroSystems, LLC 13

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