DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS & COMM. ENGG.

B.I.T., MESRA, RANCHI

M.E. PROGRAMME IN (I) MICROWAVE ENGG., (II) INSTRUMENTATION &

CONTROL

A. GENERAL ELECTRONICS & COMM. ENGG. COURSE:

Old New
Course No. Course No. Course Unit

EC 9006 MEC1001 Optical Fiber & Fiber Optics Communication 1.0

EC 9051 MEC1003 Computer Aided VLSI Design 1.0
EC 9025 MEC1005 Electromagnetic Interference & Electromagnetic Compatibility1.0
EC 9011 MEC1007 Opto-Electronic and Photonic Devices 1.0
EC 9001 MEC1009 Advanced Semiconductor Devices 1.0
EC 9002 MEC1011 Probability Models and Stochastic Processes 1.0
EC 9003 MEC1013 Analog and Mixed Signal System Design 1.0
EC 9005 MEC1015 Data Communication Techniques 1.0
EC 9004 MEC1017 Communication Switching Systems and Networks 1.0
MEC1019 Microelectronic Devices and Circuits 1.0

EC 9007 MEC2001 Advanced Digital Signal Processing 1.0

EC 9012 MEC2003 DSP Algorithm and Architecture 1.0
EC 9014 MEC2005 DSP Multiprocessor Architecture 1.0
EC 9015 MEC2007 Digital Programmable Units 1.0
EC 9009 MEC2009 Computer Communication Networks 1.0
EC 9008 MEC2011 Digital Image Processing Techniques 1.0
EC 9010 MEC2013 Embedded System Design 1.0
EC 9013 MEC2015 Optical Networking and DWDM 1.0
MEC2017 Optical Wireless Communication 1.0
MEC2019 Micro-Electro-Mechanical-Systems 1.0
MEC2021 Advanced Digital Integrated Circuits 1.0
MEC2023 Adaptive Systems and Signal Processing 1.0

Sessional / Laboratory

EC9081 MEC1002 Fiber Optic Communication Lab 0.5

EC9084 MEC1004 VLSI Design Lab. 0.5
MEC1006 EMI & EMC Lab 0.5
EC9077 MEC2002 Advanced Signal Processing Lab 0.5
MEC2014 Embedded System Lab. 0.5
B. SPECIALISATION COURSES:

I. MICROWAVE ENGG./WIRELESS COMM./SOFTWARE DEFINED RADIO

EC9036 MEC1021 Antennas and Diversity 1.0

EC 9034 MEC1023 Wireless Communications 1.0
EC9016 MEC1025 Information Theory and Coding 1.0
EC9018 MEC1027 Modern Wireless Communication Systems 1.0
EC9019 MEC1029 Microwave Antennas and Propagation 1.0
EC9023 MEC1031 Advanced Electromagnetic Engineering 1.0
EC9031 MEC1033 Channel Coding and Speech Coding 1.0
EC9035 MEC1035 Introduction to Software Defined Radio 1.0
EC9041 MEC1037 Radar Signal Analysis 1.0
EC9017 MEC1039 Advanced Digital Communication Systems 1.0
EC9020 MEC1041 Satellite Based Wireless Communication 1.0

EC9024 MEC2025 Numerical Techniques in Electromagnetics 1.0

EC9021 MEC2027 Microwave Integrated Circuits 1.0
EC9033 MEC2029 RF Circuit Design 1.0
EC9022 MEC2031 Microwave Circuit Theory 1.0
EC9026 MEC2033 Digital Modulation Techniques 1.0
EC9027 MEC2035 Spread Spectrum Techniques & Multiples Access 1.0
EC9028 MEC2037 Wireless Data Communication 1.0
EC9029 MEC2039 Wireless Intelligent Networks 1.0
EC9030 MEC2041 Propagation & Fading 1.0
EC9037 MEC2043 Digital Signal Processing for Wireless Communication 1.0
EC9032 MEC2045 Wireless Application Protocol & Personal Communication Services
1.0
EC9038 MEC2047 Wireless Protocol and Security 1.0
EC9039 MEC2049 Adaptive Antenna Systems 1.0
EC9040 MEC2051 Transceiver Fundamentals 1.0
EC PhD 9065 MEC2053 Genetic Algorithms: Concepts and Applications in Antenna Design
1.0
TCS2021 Pattern Recognition and Image Analysis 1.0

Sessional / Laboratory

EC9076 MEC1022 Antenna Lab 0.5

EC9078 MEC1024 Wireless Networking Lab 0.5
EC9079 MEC2026 Computational Electromagnetics Lab 0.5
EC9080 MEC2028 Microwave Integrated Circuit Lab 0.5
MEC2030 RF Circuit Design Lab 0.5
II. INSTRUMENTATION & CONTROL ENGINEERING

EC9048 MEC1043 Microprocessors in Instrumentation 1.0

EC9042 MEC1045 Active Networks 1.0
EC9044 MEC1047 Sensors and Transducers 1.0
EC9046 MEC1049 Bioelectronic Instrumentation 1.0
MEE1001 Modern Control Theory 1.0
MEE1017 Optimal Control Systems 1.0
MEE1021 Neural Networks & Applications 1.0
MEE1023 Nonlinear Control Systems 1.0

EC9045 MEC2055 Modern Instrumentation Systems 1.0

EC9050 MEC2057 Programmable Logic Controller 1.0
EC9043 MEC2059 Artificial Intelligence and Intelligent Systems 1.0
EC9047 MEC2061 Process Control Instrumentation 1.0
EC9049 MEC2063 Speech Processing and Recognition 1.0
EC9056 MEC2065 Expert and Fuzzy Systems 1.0
MEC2067 VHDL & VERILOG 1.0
MEC2069 Application Specific Integrated Circuit Design 1.0
MEE2003 Optimization in Engineering Design 1.0

Sessional / Laboratory

EC9082 MEC1044 Advanced Microprocessor Lab 0.5

EC9083 MEC2056 Advanced Instrumentation Lab 0.5
MEC 2058 PLC Lab 0.5

STRUCTURE
1st Semester ( 6 Units)
Common Courses and Specialized Courses (Theory) 5.0
Common Courses and Specialized Courses (Laboratory) 1.0

2nd Semester (6 Units)

Common Courses and Specialized Courses (Theory) 5.0
Common Courses and Specialized Courses (Laboratory) 1.0

3rd Semester (3 Units)

MEC 3001 Thesis 3.0

4th Semester (6 Units)

MEC 3001 Thesis 5.0

Total Units 20.0

 GENERAL ELECTRONICS & COMM. ENGG. COURSE:

MEC1001 OPTICAL FIBER AND FIBER OPTIC COMMUNICATION

Module-1:

Optical Fibers:
Classifications, Fiber materials and fabrication methods, Ray Optics and Wave Optics
representation for SI & GI fibers, Mode Theory, Goos-Hanchen Shift, Power flow in SI
fibers.

Module-2:

Signal Attenuation & Distortion in Optical Fibers:

Attenuation mechanisms, Dispersion effects, Intermodal and Intramodal dispersions,
Polarization mode dispersion, Dispersion management.

Module-3:

Optical Sources:
Structures and materials of LED and LD sources, operating characteristics and
modulation capabilities of the LED and LD sources, DFB lasers, Driving circuitry,
Quantum DOT lasers.

Module-4:

Source to Fiber Power launching and coupling, Lensing schemes for coupling
improvement, Fiber to fiber coupling and alignment methods, Splicing techniques, Fiber
Connectors.

Module-5:

Photodetectors:
PIN, APD, Noise in Photodetectors, Sensitivity, Timing jitter, Detector response time,
Photodiode materials, Optical receiver configuration and performance, Pre- amplifier
design for optical receiver, analog and digital receiver.

Module-6:

Light wave Systems:

Point to point link, Distribution networks, Link power and rise time budget, Optical
amplifier, EDFA, WDM, DWDM and Demultiplexers.
Module-7:

Potential Applications:
Potential application and future prospects optical fibers, multimode intensity sensors and
signal mode interferometric sensors.

Text Book:

1 . G.Keiser, Optical Fiber Communications, 3/E., McGraw Hill.

Reference Books:

1. J.M.Senior, Optical Fiber Communication, PHI, 2/E.

2. Ghatak &Thyagarajan, Introduction to Fiber Optics, Cambridge University press.
3. J.H.Franz &V.K.Jain, Optical Communications, Narosa Publishing House
4. G.P.Agrawal, Fiber Optic Communication Systems, John Wiley & Son (Asia) Pvt.
Ltd.
5. Bishnu P. Pal , Fiber Optics in Telecommunication and Sensor Systems, New
Age International (p) Ltd.
 MEC 1003 COMPUTER AIDED VLSI DESIGN

Module 1 :

Introduction to VLSI:
Fundamental of VLSI, CMOS Devices Modeling, Simple MOS Large Signal Model
(SPICE) Parameters, Small Signal Model for the MOS Transistor, Computer Simulation
Model, Sub threshold MOS Model, MOS Switch, MOS Diode/ Active resistor, Current
Sink and Sources, Current Mirrors, Current and Voltage Reference, Bandgap
Reference, Differential Amps, Cascode Amps, Current Amps.

Module 2 :

CMOS Operational Amplifiers and Comparators:

Design of CMOS Op Amps, Compensation of Op Amps, Design of Two stage Op Amps,
Power Rejection Ratio of Two Stage Op Amps, Cascode of Op Amps, Buffered Op
Amps, High Speed/ Frequency Op Amps, Differential Output Op Amps, Micro Power Op
Amps, Low Noise and Low Voltage Op Amp, Characteristics of Comparator, Two stage
Open Loop Comparators, Discrete Time Comparators, High Speed Comparators.

Module 3 :

Switched Capacitor Circuits, D/A and A/D:

Switched Capacitor Circuits, Amplifiers and Integrators, Two Phase Switched Capacitor
Circuits, First and Second Order Switched Capacitor Circuits, Switched Capacitor
Filters, Comparative study of D/A, Parallel and Serial Digital Analog Converters, Serial
Analog-Digital Converter, Medium, High Speed Analog-Digital Converter, Over sampling
Converter.

Module 4 :

Layout Design of CMOS Cell:

Schematic and Layout Design of Basic Gates and Universal Gates & Flip-Flop, Layout
Representation, CMOS-N-Well Rules, Design Rules, Backgrounder, Layout
Assignments, Latch-Up Problems, Analogue Design Layout Considerations, Transistor
Design, Centroid Design, Capacitor Matching, Resistor Layout, Noise Considerations.

Module 5 :

VLSI Design Issues:

Design Captures Tools, HDL Design, Schematic Design, Layout design, Floor planning,
Chip Composition, Design Verification Tools, Circuit Level Simulation, and Logic Level
Simulation, Mixed Mode Simulators. Timing Verification, Network Isomorphism, Netlist
Comparison, Layout Extraction, Back Annotation, Design Rule Verification, Pattern
Generation, Data Sheets, Pin-out, Description Operation, DC Specification, AC
Specification, Package Diagram.
Module 6 :

Digital Subsystem Design:

Design of Universal Gate using Pseudo-nMOS Logic, Clocked CMOS Single Bit Adder,
Parallel Adder, Transmissions Gate Adders, Carry Look Ahead Adders, Other High
Speed Adders, Multipliers, Asynchronous Counter, Asynchronous Counter, SRAM
Arrays, DRAM, ROM Array Finite Stets Machines, Multilevel Logic.

Module 7 :

Design Economics and Testing:

NREs, Engineering Costs, Prototype Manufacturing Cost, Recurring Costs, Fixed Costs
, Schedule , Processor Example, Need for Testing, Functionality Tests, Manufacturing
Tests, Manufacturing Tests Principles, Fault Modules, Struck-at-Faults, SC and OC
Faults, Observability, Controllability, Fault Coverage, ATPG, Delay Fault, Testing, Scan
Based Techniques, BLIBO, IDDQ Testing.

Text Books:

1. CMOS Analog Circuit Design by Phillip E. Allen Douglas R. Holberg, Second

Edition.
2. Design of Analog CMOS Integrated Circuits by Behzad Razavi.
3. Analogue Integrated Circuit Design, John. D. and Mortin K, John Wiley and Sons,
1997.

Reference Books:

1. Principle of CMOS VLSI Design A System Prospective, Weste Neil, H E &

Eshtaghian K, Pearson Edu. 1993.
2. Introduction to VLSI Circuits and Systems by John P. Uyemura, Willey Student
Addition
3. Digital Integrated Circuit Design, Ken Martin, Oxford University Press,2000.
 MEC1005 ELECTROMAGNETIC INTERFERENCE AND ELECTROMAGNETIC
COMPATIBILITY

Module 1:

Introduction
A brief history of EMI/EMC, Analysis of EMI, Type of Noise and Interference,
Electromagnetic Compatibility, Radiated Emission and susceptibility, Conducted
Emission and Susceptibility, Benefits of good EMC Design, Brief description of EMC
regulations, Examples of EMC related problems.

Module 2 :

EMC requirements for Electronic Systems

Government regulations, Requirement for Commercial products and Military products,
Radiated Emission limits for Class A, Class B, FCC and CISPR, measurement of
Emissions for verification of compliance: Radiated Emission and Conducted Emissions,
Typical product emissions, Additional product requirements, Design constraints for
products, Advantages of EMC Design.

Module 3 :

Conducted Emission and Susceptibility

Measurement of Conducted emission: LISN, Common and Differential mode currents,
Power supply filters: Basic properties of filters, A generic power supply filter topology,
Effect of filter elements on common and differential mode currents, Separation of
conducted emissions into common and differential mode components for diagnostic
purpose, Power supplies: Linear and SMPS, Effect of Power Supply Components on
Conducted emissions, Power Supply and Filter placement, Conducted Susceptibility.

Module 4:

Radiated Emission and Susceptibility

Simple Emission models for wires and PCB lands: Differential mode versus Common
mode currents, Differential mode current emission model, Common mode current
emission model, Current probes, Simple susceptibility models for wires and PCB lands:
Shielded cables and surface transfer impedance, EMI measurement and EMI sensor.

Module 5 :

Cross talk
Three conductor transmission lines and crosstalk, Transmission line equations for
lossless lines, The per unit length parameters: Homogeneous versus Inhomogeneous
media, Wide separation approximation for wires, Numerical methods for other
structures, The Inductive-Capacitive Coupling Approximation model: Frequency domain
Inductive-Capacitive coupling model, Time domain Inductive-Capacitive coupling model,
Lumped circuit approximate models. Shielded Wires: Per unit length parameters,
Inductive and Capacitive Coupling, Effect of Shield grounding, Effect of pigtails, Effects
of Multiple shields, MTL model predictions, Twisted wires: Per unit length parameters,
Inductive and Capacitive Coupling, Effects of Twist, Effects of Balancing.

Module 6:

Shielding
Shielding Effectiveness, Far field Sources: Exact solution, Approximate solution, Near
field sources: Near field versus far field, Electric sources, Magnetic sources, Low
frequency, magnetic fielding shielding, Effect of Apertures.

Module 7:

System Design for EMC

Shielding and Grounding, PCB Design, System configuration and design, Electrostatic
Discharge, Diagnostic tools.

Text Book:

Paul, C. Introduction to Electromagnetic Compatibility, John Wiley & Sons,

1992

Referece Books:

1. Kennedy, G., Electronic Communications Systems, McGraw-Hill, 1970.

2. Ott, H. W., Noise Reduction Techniques in Electronic Systems, John Wiley &
Sons, second edition, 1988.
 MEC1007 OPTOELECTRONIC & PHOTONIC DEVICES

Module 1:

Optical process in semiconductors:

Electron-hole pair formation and recombination, Absorption in semiconductors, Stark
effects, Absorption and emission spectra, Stokes shift in optical transitions, Exciton
recombination, Band to Band recombination, Auger recombination.

Module - 2:

Optical sources and modulators:

Heterostructure LED & LASER sources, Quantum well lasers, Laser rate equations,
Laser modes, Q-switching, Mode locking, Electro- optic modulator, Magneto-optic
modulator, Acousto-optic modulator.

Module - 3:

Optical Detectors:
Hetero-junction photodiodes, Photoconductors, MSM photodiodes, Phototransistors,
OPFET.

Module - 4:

Solar cells, Spectral response, conversion efficiency, Charge couple devices, SCCDS,
BCCDS, JCCDS, Characteristics and applications.

Module - 5:

Optical Computing- I:
Analog optical arithmetic, Half tone processing, Nonlinear optical processing, Arithmetic
operations.

Module - 6:

Optical Computing II:

Digital optical computing: Nonlinear devices, optical bistable devices, SEED devices ,
Optical phase conjugate devices, Integrated devices, spatial light modulators (SLM),
Shadow casting system , POSC multiprocessor , Free space PLA, Fiber optic PLA.
Module - 7:

Photonics switching and interconnects:

Kerr gats, Nonlinear Directional couplers, Nonlinear optical loop mirror (NOLM), Soliton
logic gats, Free-space optical interconnects, waveguide interconnects.

Text Books :

1. Semiconductor Optoelectronic Devices , P. Bhattacharya, PHI.

2. Physics of Semiconductor Devices, S. M. Sze , Wiley Eastern
3. Optical Computing, an Introduction, Mohammad A. Karim and Abdul A.S. Awwal,
John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Reference Books:

1. Optoelectronics and Photonics, Principles and Practices , S. O. Kasap, Prentice

Hall
2. Essentials of optoelectronics ,Alan Rogers, 1st Ed., Chapman & Hall.
3. Optical Fiber Communications, G.Keiser, 3rd Ed., McGraw Hill
4. Introduction to Fiber Optics, Ghatak &Thyagarajan, Cambridge University press.
5. Photonic switching and Interconnects Abdellatif Marrakchi, Marcel Dekker, Inc
 MEC1009 ADVANCED SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES

Module 1 :

P-N Junctions :
Space Charge region, Contact potential, Junction breakdown, Built-in-voltage, Diode
Equation.

Module 2 :

Bipolar Junction Transistors:

Band Diagram and Currents, in a BJT, Ebers-Moll Equation, Transistors Switching,
Turn-on, Turn-off, Transit time,

Module 3 :

Unipolar Devices:
Metal Semiconductor contacts, Energy band relation, Schottky effect, Current transport
process. JFET: Current Voltage Characteristics, Saturation current, Trans-conductance,
Secondary Effects, Figure of merit of JFET.

Module 4 :

MESFET, MOSFET:
MESFET: Operation, Threshold Voltage, Short Channel Effects in MESFET, MOSFET:
Operation and Fabrication, Current-Voltage Relation, Secondary Effects, Threshold
Voltage, MOS Capacitor, High frequency performance, MOSFET switch, CMOS
Inverters, CCD

Module 5 :

Special Microwave Devices:

Concept of Negative Resistance, Tunnel diode, IMPATT and related devices, Transfer
electron devices (TED), Gunn diode and PIN diode.

Module 6 :

Photonic Devices:
Light emitting diode, Semi conductor laser, Heterojunction Laser, Photo diode,
Photodetectors, Solar cells.
Module 7 :

Fabrication Technology:
Thermal Oxidation, Etching Process, Diffusion Process and steps, Ion Implantion,
Photolithoography

Text Books:

1. Semiconductor Devices K. Kano, LPE, Pearson Edu., 4 th. Edition

2. Solid State Electronic Devices B. G. Streetman, PHI

Reference Books:

1. Microwave Devices and Circuits S.Y.Liao, PHI

2. Physics of Semiconductor Devices S. M. Sze. Wiley Eastern 1981
3. Semiconductor Devices- Jusprit Singh, Jhon Wiley Eastern
 MEC1011 PROBABILITY MODELS AND STOCHASTIC PROCESSES

Module -1:

Random variables, Distribution and density functions, Expectation, Characteristic

functions, Conditional probability, Conditional expectation. Sequences of Random
Variables, Convergence concepts, Laws of large numbers, Central limit theorem.

Module -2:

Random Vectors and Estimation:

Random Vectors, Covariance characterization, Jointly Gaussian random variables.

Module - 3:

Representations of Random Processes:

Sampling theorem, Karhunen-Leeve expansion, Orthogonal increment processes,
White noise integrals, Spectral representation.

Module - 4:

Concept of stochastic Processes, Classification, ensemble, Time averaging and

Ergodicity. Methods of description, Stationarity, Covariance and Correlation coefficient,
Auto correction and Cross Correlation functions, Power spectral densities.

Module - 5:

Special Processes:
Markov processes and queuing theory, Wiener process, Poisson processes, Gaussian
Process. Shot noise, Thermal noise.

Module -6:

Linear filtering of Stochastic Processes, AR, MA and ARMA Processes, Detection of

known Signals.

Module - 7:

Mean Square Error Filtering/Estimation, Optimal Filters, Weiner Filter and Kalman Filter,
Spectral Estimation, Estimating a random variable with a constant, stored data wiener
filter, Real Time wiener filter.
Text Books :

1. Probability, Random variables and Stochastic processes- A. Papoulis & S.U. Pillai
2. Random Signals K. Sam Shanmugan & A. M. Breipohi.
 MEC1013 ANALOG AND MIXED SIGNAL SYSTEM DESIGN

Module 1:

Introduction to signal processing network:

Function network, types of function networks like integrators, differentiators, filters,
oscillators, and the type of oscillators, frequency domain analysis, and non ideality of
function circuits at high frequency, compassion, networks for integrators and
differentiators.

Module 2:

Sensitivity and Trainability of functional networks:

Classical sensitivity, estimation of sensitivity for functional networks, minimisation of
sensitivity parameters by design approach, examples, testability of functional networks,
method of electronic tenability, by FFT, OTA, and MDAC Method, examples, digital
control, programmable control amplifier, examples.

Module 3:

Switched Capacitor networks:

Basic building blocks, basic operation and analysis, first order filters, biquad filter,
charge injection, switched injection gain circuits, correlated double-sampling technique,
other switched capacitor circuits.

Module 4:

Data Converter Fundamentals:

Ideal D/A converter, Ideal A/D converter, Quantisation noise, performance limitation,
decoder based converters, binary scaled converters, interloping A/D converters,
pipelined A/D converters, time interleaved A/D converters.

Module 5:

Over sampling converters and continuous time filters:

Over sampling without noise sampling, Over sampling with noise sampling, Introduction
to GmC filters, bipolar transducer, CMOS transducers using triodes and active
transistors, Bi CMOS.

Module 6:

Filters, Comparators & S/H:

Bi CMOS transducers for filters, MOSFET-C filters, tunning circuitry, dynamic range
performance, comparators, using Op-Amp for a comparator, change injection error,
latched comparators, , Example of Bi MOS and CMOS comparators, Sample and hold
circuits, MOS samples and hold basics, examples of CMOS S & H circuits, bipolar and
CMOS S & H circuits.
Module 7:

Discrete time signals & S I Circuit Fundamentals:

Overview of some signal spectra, Laplace transforms of discrete time signals, Z-
transform, downsampling, and upsampling, switched current (SI) technique, 1st
generation and 2st generation SI cells, SI integrators.

Text Books:

1. Design of Analogue CMOS Integrated Circuits, Behzad Razavi, TMH, 2000.

2. Analog Integrated Circuits Deisgn, Johns Dand Martin K, John Wiley & Sons, 1997

Reference Books:

1. Microelectronics circuits by A.S.Sendra & K.C.Smith, HRW series in Electrical and

Computer Engineering Holt-Saunders Japan.
2. Digital Integrated Circuit Design, Ken Martin, Oxford University Press, 2000.
 MEC 1015 DATA COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUES

Module 1 :

Data Transmission:
The need for a Protocol Architecture, TCP/IP Protocol Architecture, Comparison of
TCP/IP and OSI Models, Analog and Digital data transmission, Channel capacity,
Guided and Unguided Transmission Media, Transmission line impairments.

Module 2:

Data Encoding and Digital Data Communication Techniques:

Digital data encoding schemes like NRZ, Multilevel binary, Differential Manchester, Self
clocking codes, Digital data to Analog signals, ASK, FSK, PSK, QPSK etc, Analogue
data to Digital signals, PCM ,DM etc, CODEC and MODEM, Backward and Forward
error correction, Error detection techniques like CRC and Shift register implementation,
Error correction, Block code principles, Interfacing standards like V-24/EIA-232.F,
CCITT-X.21 interface.

Module 3 :

Data Link Control:

Line Configurations, Flow control using Stop and wait ARQ, Sliding window protocol,
Error control using Stop and wait ARQ, G0-back-to N ARQ, Selective Reject ARQ, Data
Link Control protocol, HDLC, Frame structure and operation of HDLC, Data
transparency control using bit stuffing, Utilization efficiency of a link, Point-to-Point
Protocol (PPP), Introduction to LCP, PAP, CHAP, NCP and IPCP.

Module 4 :

Multiplexing:
Frequency Division Multiplexing, Carrier Standards, Synchronous Time Division
Multiplexing, TDM link control, Digital Carrier Systems, SONET/SDH, Statistical Time
Division Multiplexing, Performance, Cable Modem, ADSL Design, Discrete multi tone
xDSL, Concept of Spread spectrum, Frequency Hopping Spread Spectrum, Code-
Division Multiple Access.

Module 5 :

Switched Networks:
Comparison of Circuit Switching, Message Switching and Packet Switching techniques,
Digital switching concepts like Space division switching, 3-stage Space division switch,
Control signalling, Common-channel signalling, TDM bus switch, TSI switch, Time
Multiplexed Switches, STS and TST, Routing in Circuit switched networks.
Module 6 :

Packet Switching:
Datagram and Virtual Circuit Packet Switching, Use of least cost algorithms, Dijkstras
and Bellman-Ford algorithms, Routing characteristics, Routing strategies, Example
system ARPANET (all 3 generations), Congestion, Congestion control techniques,
Traffic management, Congestion control in packet switching networks, CCITT X.25
interface.

Module 7 :

ATM and Cellular networks:

Protocol Architecture of ATM, ATM Cells, Transmission of ATM cells, ATM Service
categories, ATM Adoption Layer, ATM Traffic management, Cellular networks, First
Generation Analog, Second Generation CDMA, Third-Generation System.

Text Books :

1. Data and Computer Communication. 7/E by William Stallings.

2. Data Communication and Networking. 3/E by Behrouz. A. Forouzan.
3. Data Communication. by Prakash C. Gupta.
 MEC 1017 COMMUNICATION SWITCHING SYSTEMS & NETWORKS

Module -1:

Introduction to Switching System:

General principles of switching , signaling and control, stored programme control
concepts, centralized and distributed SPC and enhanced services.

Module -2:

Electric Space Division Switching :

Software architecture , two stage network, three stage network and n-stage networks.

Module -3:

Time Division Switching :

Basic time division space switching , basic time division time switching , time multiplexed
space switching , time multiplexed time switching , combination switching , three stage
combination switching , n- stage combination switching .

Module -4:

Digital Network :
Network synchronization , signaling, digital signaling common channel signaling system.

Module 5 :

Traffic Engineering:
Network traffic load and parameters grade of service , modeling switching systems,
blocking modules & loss estimates, delay systems.

Modules - 6 :

Telephone Network :
Subscribers loop systems, switching hierarchy and routing, transmission plan, number
plan.

Module -7:

ISDN & ATM :

Motivation for ISDN, Network and Protocol Architecture , Transmission channels, User-
Network Interfaces, B-ISDN. ATM Architecture, ATM cell, switching, ATM layer,
Application Adaptation layer, AAL category. ATM layer, ATM Headers, and ATM
APPLICATIONS.

Text Books:
1. Telecommunication Switching Systems & PHI, 2001, T. Viswanathan Networks.
2. Review of Digital Communications. J. Das, IIT, Kanpur, New Age Publications.
3. Data Communications & Networking , 2/e , TMH, 2001, B.A. Forouzan
 MEC1019 MICROELECTRONIC DEVICES AND CIRCUITS

Module 1:

Introduction to IC Technology, Overview of MOS and BJT, Threshold Voltage, Body

effect, basic DC equations, 2nd order Effect, MOS model, small-signal AC
characteristics, CMOS inverter and its DC characteristics, static load MOS inverter,
Silicon semiconductor technology, wafer processing, oxidation, epitaxy, deposition, ion
implantation, CMOS technology, N-Well and P-Well process and SOI.

Module 2:

Fault Modeling and Simulation, Testability, Analysis Technique, Ad-hoc Methods and
General guidelines, Scan Technique, Boundary Scan, Built in Self Test Analog Test
Buses, Design for Electron Beam Testability, Physics of Interconnects in VLSI, Scaling
of Interconnects, A Model for Estimating Wiring Density, A Configurable Architecture for
Prototyping Analog Circuits.

Module 3:

Mixed signal VLSI chip basic CMOS circuits, CMOS gate transistor sizing, Power
Dissipation, Scaling of MOS Transistor Dimension, MOSFET and BJT Current Mirrors
and its applications, Basic Gain Stage, Gain boosting techniques, Super MOS transistor,
Primitive analog cell, Linear voltage current converters, MOS multipliers and resistors,
CMOS Bipolar and low voltage, BiCMOS, Op- Amp Design, Instrumentation Design, and
Low Voltage Filter, BJT and MOS current mirror circuits and its applications.

Module 4:

CMOS Logic gate design, Fan-in and Fan-out, typical NAND and NOR delays,
Transistor sizing, CMOS logic structure, DC analysis of Complementary Logic, BiCMOS
logic, Pseudo NMOS, dynamic CMOS logic, Clocked CMOS logic, Pass transistor,
CMOS Domino Logic, NP domino logic, Cascode voltage switch logic, source-follower
pull-up logic (SFPL), clocking strategy and IO structure.

Module 5:

Single-ended and differential operations, Basic differential pair: qualitative analysis and
quantitative analysis, Common mode response, Differential pair with MOS loads, Gilbert
Cell. General considerations, performance parameters, One-stage Op Amps, two-state
Op Amps, Gain boosting, comparison, Common mode feed back, Input range
limitations, Slew Rate, Power supply rejection, Noise in Op Amps,Operational
Transconductance Amplifier(OTA) and its applications.
Module 6:

Review of Statistical Concepts, Statistical Device Modeling, Statistical Circuit Simulation,

Automation, Analog Circuit Design, Automatic Analog Layout, CMOS Transistor Layout,
R and C Layout, Analog Cell Layout, Mixed Analog - Digital Layout

Module 7:

Description of SPICE, Types of SPICE, RF- SPICE, Limitation of PSPICE, Circuit

Descriptions, DC Circuit Analysis, AC Circuit Analysis, Transient Analysis, Advance
SPICE Command and Analysis, Diode, JFET and MOSFET (Model, Statement and
Parameter). Introduction to Synopsis, Cadence, Tanner, Mentor Graphics, Cilvako.

Text Books:

1. Randoll L. Geiger, Phillip E. Allen, Noel K. Strader VLSI Design Techniques for
Analog and Digital Circuits, Mc Graw Hill International company, 1990.
2. Malcom R. Haskard, Lan C May, Analog VLSI Design NMOS and CMOS,
Prentice Hall, 1998.
3. R. Jacob Baker, Harry W. LI., & David K. Boyce., CMOS Circuit Design. 3rd
Indian reprint, PHI, 2000.
4. Microelectronic Circuits, 5th Edition, by Adel S. Sedra and Kenneth C. Smith,
Oxford University press, 2004

Reference Books:

1. M.H Rashid, SPICE for Power Electronics and Electric Power, Englewood. Cliffs,
N.J. Prentice Hall, 1993.
2. PSPICE Manual, Irvine, Calif: - Micro Sim Corporation, 1992.
3. Philip E. Allen Douglas and R. Holberg, CMOS Analog Circuit Design, Second
Addition Oxford University Press-2003.
4. Fundamentals of Microelectronics, 1st Edition, by Behzad Razavi, Wiley Press,
January 2008.
 MEC 2001 ADVANCED DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSING

Module-1:

Introduction To Various Transforms &Algorithms

Z-Transform, Inverse-Z Transform, Discrete Fourier Transform, Inverse Discrete Fourier

Transform, FFT Algorithms, DIT- FFT, DFT- FFT, Chirp Z Algorithm, Goertzels
Algorithm, DCT

Module- 2:

Wavelet Transform

Introduction, Short Time Fourier Transform, Continuous Wavelet Transform, Discrete

Wavelet Transform, Translation and Scaling, Orthogonality, Function Space, Finer Haar
Scaling Functions, Nested Spaces, Haar Wavelet Function

Module- 3:

Sampling, Multirate Signal Processing

Sampling theorem for discrete time system & for Frequency Domain Reconstruction of
Signal, Interpolation, Decimation, Sampling by Non Integer Value

Module- 4:

Digital Filter Design & Filter Structures

Design of IIR Filters from Analog Filters, Impulse Invariance, Bilinear transformation
&Matched Z transform Techniques, Design of FIR Filters, Window design and
Frequency Sampling methods, Lattice Structure of FIR Filter, Lattice &Ladder Structures
for IIR Filters

Module- 5:

Finite Word Length Effects On Filters

Introduction, Quantization process and errors, Quantization of fixed point numbers,

Quantization of floating point numbers, Effect of finite word length on IIR Filters
MODULE- 6:

Power Spectrum Estimation

Estimation of Spectra from Finite Duration Observation of Signals, Computation of

Energy Density Spectrum, Estimation of Auto Correlation & Power Spectrum of Random
Signals, Non Parametric Methods for Power Spectrum Estimation. Parametric Methods
for Power Spectrum Estimation

Module- 7:

Adaptive Filtering & Its Applications

Introduction to Adaptive Filters, Stochastic Gradient Approach, Least Square Estimation,

LMS Algorithm, RLS Algorithm, Wiener Filters, Adaptive Noise Canceller, Adaptive Line
Enhancement, Interference Cancellation with an Adaptive Predictor

Text Books:

1. Digital Signal Processing 3/E by Proakis & Manolakis, PHI Edition.

2. Discrete-Time Signal Processing 2/E by Oppenheim, Schafer & Buck, PHI
Edition.
3. Digital Signal Processing 3/E by S.K.Mitra TMH Edition.
4. Adaptive Filter Theory, Simon Haykin, Pearson Education.
5. Adaptive Signal Processing, Widrow and Stearns, Pearson Education.
6. K. P. Soman, K. I. Ramachandran, Insight Into Wavelets, From Theory To
Practice, New Delhi, Prentice Hall of India, 2004.
 MEC2003 DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSING ALGORITHMS & ARCHITECTURE

Module- 1:

DSP Algorithms & Multirate Signal Processing

Z-Transform, Inverse-Z Transform, Discrete Fourier Transform, Inverse Discrete Fourier
Transform, FFT Algorithms, DIT- FFT, DFT- FFT, DCT, Interpolation, Decimation,
Sampling by Non Integer Value

Module- 2:

Filter Structures & Quantization

FIR Filter Structures, IIR Filter Structures, Lattice Filter Structure for FIR & IIR Filters,
Effects of co-efficient quantization, time variance in FIR Digital Filters, Transformation to
noise optimal state space structures, Effect of co-efficient quantization, time variance in
IIR Digital Filters, Effect of Round of Noise in Digital Filters, Calculation of Signal to
Noise Ratio in digital Filter Structure, Methods of Scaling of Digital Filter Structure

Module-3:

Introduction to DSP and Programmable DSP

Convolution, Digital Filters, Multiplier and Multiplier Accumulator, Modified bus Structure
and Memory Access Schemes in P-DSP, VLIW Architecture Multiple Access memory &
Multiported Memory, Pipelining, Special Addressing Modes in P-DSP, On Chip
Peripherals, P-DSPs with RISC and CISC.

Module-4:

Architecture of the C6x Processor

Introduction, TMS320C6X Architecture, Functional Units, Fetch and Execute Packets,
Pipelining, Registers, Linear and Circular Addressing Modes, Indirect Addressing,
Circular Addressing,

Module-5:

Instruction Set of the C6x Processor

TMS320C6X Instruction Set, Assembly Code Format, Types of Instruction, Assembler
Directives, Linear Assembly, ASM Statement within C, C-Callable Assembly Function,
Timers, Interrupts, Interrupt Control Registers, Interrupt Acknowledgement, Multichannel
Buffered Serial Ports,

Module-6:

Memory Models of the C6x Processor

Direct Memory Access, Memory Considerations, Data Allocation, Data Alignment,
Pragma Directives, Fixed- and Floating-Point Format, Data Types, Floating-Point
Format, Division, Code Improvement, Instrinsics, Trip Directive for Loop Count, Cross
Paths, Software Pipelining, Constraints, Memory Constraints, Cross- Path Constraints,
Load/Store Constraints

Module- 7:

Overview of Various Processors:

Overview of TMS 320C 5X, ADSP-21XX & Motorola DSP563XX

Text Books:

1. Digital Signal Processor by B. Venkataramani & M.Bhaskar, TMH Edition.

2. Digital Signal Processing 3/E by Proakis & Manolakis, PHI Edition
3. Discrete-Time Signal Processing 2/E by Oppenheim, Schafer & Buck, PHI Edition
4. Digital Signal Processing 3/E by S.K.Mitra TMH Edition
5. Digital Signal Processing and Applications with the C6713 and C6416 DSK by
Rulph Chassaing, Wiley Interscience
6. TMS Manual for TMS320C6713.
 MEC2005 DSP MULTIPROCESSOR ARCHITECTURES

Contents:
DSE as a methodology for arriving at near-optimal heterogeneous architecture
implementation of an application given a set of constraints.
Definition and use of computational models in various domains such as Finite State
Machines (FSM) for control, Data Flow Graphs (DFG) for computation and
Hierarchical Control Data Flow Graphs (HCDFG) for combined systems
Modelling and estimation for design decision at Task, Processor or Register Transfer
levels
Synthesis of units for Computation, Control and Communication
Principles of optimization used for scheduling of task, power consumption and in
Compilers
 MEC2007 DIGITAL PROGRAMMABLE UNITS

Module-1:

Computer Aided Minimization Procedures:

CAMP Algorithm, Introduction to cube based Algorithms

Module- 2:

Design Of Large Scale Digital Systems:

ASM Chart method, Hard-ware description language, Analysis of clocked sequential
circuits, Design of clocked sequential circuits

Module- 3:

Fault Diagnosis In Combinational Circuits:

Fault classes and models, Fault detection and location experiments, Path sensitization
and Boolean Difference methods, Kohavi Algorithim, Failure Tolerent Design,
Introduction to Fault-Tolerent VLSI Processor Arrays

Module- 4:

Fault Diagnosis In Sequential Circuits:

State Identification and Fault detection experiments, Design of Diagonozable machines

Module- 5:

Programmable Logic Arrays:

Design using PLAs, PALs, Sequential Programmable Devices, PLA Minimization and
PLA Folding

Module- 6:

Design For Testability:

Faults in PLAs, Test Generation, DFT Schemes, Built in self test

Text Book:
1. Logic Design Theory by N. N. Biswas. PHI Edition-1993

Reference Books:
1. Digital Design by M.M. Mano, PHI Edition
2. Switching and Finite automata Theory by Z.Kohavi
3. Introduction to Switching Theory and Logical Design by F.J. Hill and Peterson,
John Wiley 3/E
 MEC2009 COMPUTER COMMUNICATION NETWORKS

Module -1 :

Local Area Networks :

Background, Topologies and Transmission Media, LAN standards IEEE 802 Reference Model,
Logical Link Control, Medium Access Control, IEEE 802.3 Medium Access Control, Ethernet ,
Bridged Ethernet and Switched Ethernet, Fast Ethernet, Gigabit Ethernet, Token Ring and FDDI,
IEEE 802.5 Transmission Medium Options. Fiber Channel Elements, Fiber Channel Protocol
Architecture, Fiber Channel Physical Media and Topologies.

Module - 2:

Connecting devices and Backbone Networks :

Bridges, Functions of a Bridge, Bridge Protocol Architecture, Fixed routing, Spanning tree
approach, Connecting devices like Repeaters, Hubs, Bridges, Two layer switches , Transparent
Bridges, Source Routing Bridges, Merced- Media Bridges , Virtual LANs, Router and Three
layer switches, Backbone Networks, Bus Backbone, Star Backbone, Connecting Remote LANs,
Wireless LANs, Applications , IEEE 802.11, Architecture and Services, Medium Access Control,
Physical layer.

Module - 3:

Internetworking :
Principle, Requirements, Architectural approaches, Connectionless Internetworking, Routing
techniques, Dynamic routing, Internet Protocol (IP), Internal Control Message Protocol (ICMP),
IPV6 structure, Address and Header Formats, ICMPV6, Unicast and Multicast Routing ,
Autonomous Systems, Unicast Routing Protocol OSPF, Internet Group Management Protocol (
IGMP) , Border Gateway Protocol.

Module- 4:

Transport Protocols :
Connection Oriented Transport Protocol Mechanisms, Reliable Sequencing Networks Services,
Unreliable Network Services, TCP Services, TCP Header format, TCP Mechanisms, TCP
Implementation Policy options, TCP Congestion Control, Retransmission Timer Management,
Window Management, Quality of service, User Datagram Protocol (UDP).

Module- 5:

Network Security :
Passive and Active Attacks, Symmetric Encryption, Encryption Algorithms, Key distribution,
Traffic padding, Message Authentication, Hash function, Secure Hash function, Public-key
Encryption, Digital Signature, RSA Public key Encryption Algorithm, Key Management, Secure
Socket layer and Transport layer Security, SSL Architecture, SSL Record Protocol, Change
Cipher Spec Protocol, Alert Protocol, Handshake Protocol, IP level Security IPSEC, Application
layer Security PGP, Firewall, Virtual Private Networks.

Module - 6:

Distributed Applications :
Electronic Mail, Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP), Multipurpose Internal Mail
Extension (MIME), Client Server Model, Socket Interface, Socket Programming, File
Transfer, Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP), SNMP V2 and SNMP V3,
Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) overview , Message Entities, World Wide Web
(WWW), HTML, Common Gateway Interface (CGI).

Module- 7:

Advanced Network Architectures:

Integrated Services in Internet, Resource Reservation Protocol (RSVP), Receiver initiated
Reservation, Reservation Merging, RSVP Message format, Differentiated Services , DS field ,
Network Interconnection Models, Overlay Model, Peer-to-Peer Model, Multi-protocol Label
Switching (MPLS) , Generalized MPLS (GMPLS), Real-Time Transport Protocols (RTP), RTP
Control Protocol, Session Control Protocols, Session Initiation Protocol.

Text Books:

1. Data and Computer Communication . 7/E by William Stallings.

2. Data Communication and Networking . 3/E by Behrouz A. Forouzan.
3. Communication Networks . 2/E by Alberto Leon-Garcia & Indra Widjaja.
 MEC2011 DIGITAL IMAGE PROCESSING TECHNIQUES

Module 1:

Digital Image Fundamentals :

Fundamental steps in Digital Image Processing, Components of an Image processing
system, Digital Image Representation , Basic relationship between pixels, Color
Modules, RGB and HSI color modules, Application of Fuzzy logic in Digital Image
Processing.

Module 2:

Image Enhancement:
Image negatives , Histogram Equalization , Local Enhancement , Image Subtraction,
Image Averaging , Smoothing Spatial Filters, Sharpening Spatial Filters, Combining
Spatial Enhancement methods.

Module 3:

Image Transform:
Fourier Transform ,Discrete Fourier Transform, Fast Fourier Transform, Smoothing
Frequency Domain filters, Sharpening Frequency Domain filters, Homomorphic filtering,
Convolution and Correlation Theorems, Wavelet Transforms, The Fast Wavelet
Transforms.

Module 4:

Image Restoration :
Noise Models, Restoration in the presence of Noise-Only Spatial filtering , Mean filters ,
Adaptive filters Periodic Noise Reduction by Frequency Domain filtering , Inverse
Filtering , Minimum Mean Square Error, Wiener Filtering, Geometric Mean Filter.

Module 5:

Image Segmentation:
Detection of Discontinuities, Point Detection, Line detection, Edge Detection,
Thresholding , Optimal Global and Adaptive thresholding, Region-based Segmentation,
Textural Images, Textural Feature extraction from Co-occurrence matrices .

Module 6:

Representation and Description:

Chain codes, Signatures, Boundary Segments, Skeletons, Boundary Descriptors,
Regional Descriptors ,Use of the Principal Components for Description, Relational
Descriptors.
Module 7:

Image Compression :
Fundamentals, Redundancy , Image Compression Models, Coding Theorems, Error-
free Compression techniques like Variable- length Coding and Lossless Predictive
Coding , Lossy Compression techniques like Lossy Predictive Coding and Wavelet
Coding, Image Compression standards.

Text Books:

1. Digital Image Processing. 2/E by Rafael C. Gonzalez and Richard E. Woods.

Pearson Education
2. Digital Image Processing and Analysis. by B. Chanda and D. Dutta Majumder
PHI
 MEC2013 EMBEDDED SYSTEMS DESIGN

Module 1:

Introduction to Embedded Systems:

Embedded system overview, Design challenges, Common design metrics, Time-to-
market design metric, NRE and unit cost design metrics, Performance design metric,
Processor technology, General purpose processors software and hardware,
Application specific processors, IC technology, Semi-custom ASIC.

Module 2:

Embedded System Processors:

Combinational logic and transistors, RT-level combinational and sequential components,
Custom single purpose processor design. RT-level custom single purpose processor
design, Optimization, Optimization of FSMD, Optimization of data path.

Module 3:

Memory:
Write ability and data permanence, memory devices type of memory and basic form,
EEPROM, flash memory, SRAM and DRAM, basic DRAM characteristics, memory
selection for embedded systems, allocation of memory to the program segment blocks.

Module 4:

Device and Interrupt service:

Bus models, time multiplexed bus, strobe and handshake protocols, strobe handshake
compromise priority arbiter multilevel bus, and architecture.

Module -5

Embedded System Peripherals:

Timers, Counters, Watch-dog timers, Example of reaction timer, Watchdog timer, UART,
PWM, Controlling a dc motor using a PWM. General purpose processor, ASIPs and
ASICs, semiconductor ICs programmable logic devices of CGD, Processor selection for
embedded systems, special purpose processor.

Module 6:

Interfacing:
Communication basics, Basic protocol concepts, ISA bus protocol, Microprocessor
interfacing, I/O addressing, Interrupts, Example of DMA I/O and ISA Bus protocol,
Arbitration, Priority arbiter, Daisy-chain arbiter, Parallel, Serial and Wireless
communication, infrared-TRDA, radio frequency, error detection, CAN, USB, Blue tooth,
IEEE 802-II, shared memory models

Module 7:

Digital Camera and Digital Systems Examples

Simple digital camera, Users perspective, Designers perspective, Requirement
specification, Design, Micro controller alone, Micro controller and CCDPP Digital
thermometer, handhold computer, navigation system, IP phone, software defined-radio,
smart card.

Text Book:

1. Embedded System Design A Unified HW.SW Introduction, Vahid G Frank

and Givargis Tony, John Wiley & Sons, 2002.
2. Embedded Systems Architecture, Programming and Design, by Raj Kamal,
TMH-2003.
 MEC2015 OPTICAL NETWORKING AND DWDM

Module-1:

Optical Network Elements:

Passive Components, 2x2 fiber couplers, Scattering Matrix representation, star
Couplers, DWDM components, Fiber Grating, Tunable Sources, Tunable filters,
Circulators, Isolators, Wave length Converters, Switching Elements.

Module-2:

Optical Amplifiers:
Types, Semiconductor Optical Amplifiers, Erbium doped fiber amplifier, amplification
mechanism, Conv. efficiency, Gain, Noise, Applications, Power amplifiers, In-line
amplifiers, Preamplifiers, Application to Optical Video distribution, Long Span
Transmission, Repeaterless Transmission, Under Sea Transmission system.

Module-3:

Dispersion Management:
Need for dispersion management, pre-compensation and post compensation technique,
Broadband dispersion compensation, Tunable dispersion compensation, Higher order
dispersion management, PMD compensation.

Module- 4:

Optical Networks:
Topological performance, SONET/SDH, Broadcast and select WDM networks, Single-
hop networks, Multi-hop Networks, Testbeds.

Module-5:

Wavelength Routed networks, Wavelength Routing Testbeds, Nonlinear effects on

network performances, SRS,SBS,SPM,XPM,FWM, Optical CDMA networks.

Module-6:

Optical Switching:
Photonic packet switching, Bit interleaving, Packet interleaving, OTDM Testbeds.

Module-7 :

Soliton communication:
Solitons, Soliton Pulses, Soliton parameters, Transmission for ultrafast (UF) OTDM
signal using Soliton.
Text Book:

Optical Fiber CommunicationsG.Keiser,3/E, McGraw Hill.

Reference Books:

1. B.Mukherjee , Optical Communication Networks, McGraw Hill.

2. R. Ramaswami and K.N. Sivarajan, Optical Networks: A Practical Perspective,
Morgan Kaufmann
3. G.P.Agrawal, Fiber Optic Communication Systems, John Wiley & Son (Asia) Pvt. Ltd.
4. J. H. Franz & V. K. Jain, Optical Communications, Narosa Publishing House.
 MEC2017 OPTICAL WIRELESS COMMUNICATION

Module-1:

Introduction to optical wireless communication, Optical Wireless intensity channels,

Light sources, Modulators, Optical Amplifier, Detector, Atmospheric transmission
limitations, Effect of Rain, Fog, and Mist, Scintillation.
Module-2:

Geometrical Optics and Ray Tracing. Optical Path Length and Fermat's Principle. The
Etendue or Lagrange Invariant. The Edge Ray Principle, Ray Matrices, Gaussian Beam,
Telescope, beam expander, Optical filter and anti reflection coating.

Module-3:

Overview of Optical Concentrators. Wireless IR Receiver Requirements, DTIRC

Characteristics. Comparison of Concentrators. Practical Issues. Other Shapes of
DTIRCs. Tracking system, Laser beam steering device.

Module-4:

Optical Wireless Transmitter Design, Transmitter Design Considerations, Optical Source

Characteristics. Types of Optical Modulation. Driver Circuit Design Concepts. Current
Steering Output Circuit, Back Termination Circuit, Predriver, Data Retiming, Automatic
Power Control, Transmitters Linearization Techniques.

Module-5:

Optical wireless receiver design, Receiver Design Considerations, Photodetection in

Reverse-biased Diodes. Choosing the Photodetector, Receiver Noise Consideration, Bit
Error Rate and Sensitivity, Bandwidth, Signal Amplification Techniques, Receiver Main
Amplifier (RMA). Transceiver Circuit Implementation Technologies.

Module-6:

Modulation and Multiple Access Techniques, Modulation Techniques Comparison.

Modulation Schemes in the Presence of Noise, Modulation Schemes in the Presence of
Multipath Distortion. Multiple Access Techniques.

Module-7:

IrDA PROTOCOLS. Wireless Protocol Standards. The Infrared Data Association. IrDA
Standard Overview. The Physical Layer Protocol. Framer/Driver. IrLAP. IrLMP.
Information Access Service and Protocol. Tiny Transport Protocol. Session and
Application Layer Protocols. WIRELESS IR NETWORKING. Introduction to Wireless IR
Networking. Network Architecture. Optical Wireless Network Specifications. The Ad Hoc
Network. Quality of Service (QoS). MIMO Wireless optical channel, Pixelated Wireless
optical channel, Future Infrared Networking.

Text Books:

1. Optical and Wireless Communications, Sadiku, Matthew N. O. CRC Press

2. Optical Wireless Communications: IR for Wireless Connectivity, Ramirez-
Iniguez, Roberto Idrus, Sevia M., Auerbach Publications.

Reference Books:

1. Microwave Photonics, Chi Lee, CRC Press, 2006.

2. Wireless Optical Communication Systems Steve Hranilovic, Springer.
 MEC 2019 MICRO-ELECTRO-MECHANICAL-SYSTEMS

Module-1
MEMS Fabrication processes
Introduction, MEMS Overview, Microfabrication of MEMS: Surface Micromachining, Bulk
Micromachining, LIGA, micromachining of polymeric MEMS devices, Three dimensional
micofabrications.

Module-2
MEMS Actuators and Sensor

Electromechanical transducers: Piezoelectric transducers, Electrostrictive transducers,

Magnetostrictive transducers, Electrostatic actuators, Electromagnetic transducers,
Electrodynamic transducers, Electrothermal actuators, comparison of electrothermal
actuation process, Microsensing for MEMS: Piezoresistive sensing, Capacitive sensing,
Piezoelectric sensing, Resonant sensing, Surface Acoustic Wave sensors.

Module- 3

MEMS Materials and Fabrication techniques

Metals, semiconductors, thin films for MEMS and their deposition techniques, materials
for polymer MEMS, Bulk micromachining for silicon based MEMS, Silicon surface
micromachining, Microstereolithography for polymer MEMS. (6)

Module-4

MEMS Switches and Micro relays

Switch parameters, basics of switching, Switches for RF and microwave applications,

actuation mechanisms for MEMS devices, bistable micro relays amd microactuators,
dynamics of switch operation, MEMS switch design considerations, modeling and
evaluation.

Module- 5
MEMS Inductors and Capacitors
MEMS Micromachined passive elements: pros and cons, MEMS Inductors: self and
mutual inductance, micromachined inductors, reduction of stray capacitance,
improvement of quality factor, folded inductors, modeling and design issues of planar
inductors, variable inductor and polymer based inductor. MEMS Capacitors: MEMS gap
tuning capacitor, MEMS area tuning capacitor, Dielectric Tunable capacitors.
Module- 6
MEMS packaging
MEMS packaging: Role of MEMS packaging, Types of MEMS packaging, flip-chip and
multichip module packaging, RF MEMS packaging issues.

Module-7
MEMS RF applications
Micromachined transmission line and components, micromachied RF Filters,
Micromachined Phase shifters, and Micromachined antenna, Gyros and Bio-MEMS.

Text Books:

1. RF MEMS: Theory, Design, and Technology, Gabriel M. Rebeiz, John Wiley

& Sons, 2003.
2. RF MEMS & Their Applications by Vijay K. Varadan, K. J. Vinoy and K. A.
Jose John Wiley & Sons, 2003.

Reference Books:

1. RF MEMS: Theory, Design, and Technology, Gabriel M. Rebeiz, John Wiley &
Sons, New Jersey, 2003. ISBN 0-471-20169 - 3
2. RF MEMS & Their Applications by Vijay K. Varadan, K. J. Vinoy and K. A.
Jose John Wiley & Sons, Chichester, 2003. ISBN 0-470-84308 - X
3. Tai-Ran Hsu, MEMS and Microsystems: Design and Manufacture, McGraw-
Hill, 1st edition, ISBN: 0072393912.
 MEC 2021 ADVANCED DIGITAL INTEGRATED CIRCUITS

Module 1:

Qualitative and Quantitative Analysis of MOS Devices And Impact Of Process

Variations And Technology Scaling:
Overview of MOS current equations, channel length modulation, body effect, Velocity
saturation, Subthreshold conduction, MOS capacitances, Some secondary effects:
Threshold voltage variations, hot-carrier effects, CMOS latchup, Impact of process
variation and technology scaling on subthreshold conduction and die yield, CMOS
Inverter: Dynamic Behavior, Propagation Delay, Energy-Delay-Product, Dynamic Power
Consumption, Static Power Consumption, Introduction to FinFET.

Module 2:

Designing Combinational Logic Circuits in CMOS:

Static CMOS Design: Pass-Transistor Logic, Issues while Cascading Pass-Transistor
Logic gates, Dynamic CMOS Design: Basic Principles, Speed and Power Dissipation of
Dynamic Logic, Issues in Dynamic Design, Cascading Dynamic Gates

Module 3:

Designing Sequential Logic Circuits in CMOS:

Static Latches and Registers: Multiplexer-Based Latches, Master-Slave Edge-Triggered
Register, Low-Voltage Static Latches, Dynamic Latches and Registers: Dynamic
Transmission-Gate Edge-triggered Registers, True Single-Phase Clocked Register
(TSPCR), Alternative Register Styles: Pulse Registers, Sense-Amplifier Based
Registers, Pipelining: Latch- vs. Register-Based Pipelines, NORA-CMOSA Logic Style
for Pipelined Structures, Non-Bistable Sequential Circuits: The Schmitt Trigger,
Monostable Sequential Circuits, Astable Circuits.

Module 4:
Interconnect Parasitics IN Mordern VLSI Design:
Capacitance and ReliabilityCross Talk, Capacitance and Performance in CMOS,
Resistance and ReliabilityOhmic Voltage Drop, Electromigration, Resistance and
PerformanceRC Delay, Inductance and Reliability Voltage Drop, Inductance and
PerformanceTransmission Line Effects, Advanced Interconnect Techniques:
Reduced-Swing Circuits, Current-Mode Transmission Techniques
Module 5:

Designing Memory And Memory Peripheral Circuitry:

Designing of SRAM, DRAM, CAM (Contents-Addressable or Associative Memory) cells,
their Read Failure, Write Failure, Access-time Failure and Hold failures, Memory
Reliability and Yield, Memory Peripheral Circuitry: The Address Decoders, Sense
Amplifiers, Power Dissipation in Memories: Sources of Power Dissipation in Memories,
Addressing the Active Power Dissipation, Data-retention dissipation

Module 6:

Designing Arithmetic Building Blocks- I:

Binary Adder: Static CMOS implementation of Full Adder, Mirror Adder, TG based Full
adder, Manchester Carry-Chain adder, sizing of Manchester Carry Chain, Multiplier:
Partial-Product Generation, Partial Product Accumulation, Final Addition, with respect to
Array Multiplier and Carry-save Multiplier.

Module 7:

Designing Arithmetic Building Blocks- Ii:

Shifter: Barrel Shifter, Logarithmic Shifter, Power and Speed Trade-offs in Datapath
Structures: Design Time Power-Reduction Techniques, Run-Time Power Management,
Reducing the Power in Standby (or Sleep) Mode.

Text Book:

J. Rabaey, A. Chandrakasan, B. Nikolic, Digital Integrated Circuits: A Design

Perspective, 2nd Edition, Prentice Hall, 2003.

Reference Books:

D.A. Hodges, H.G. Jackson, R.A. Saleh, "Analysis and Design of Digital Integrated
Circuits, 3rd ed, McGraw-Hill, 2004.
 MEC 2023 ADAPTIVE SYSTEMS AND SIGNAL PROCESSING

Module -1:

Introduction
Introduction to Adaptive systems and filters, linear filter structures, transversal filter,
lattice predictor, approaches to the development of linear adaptive filters, stochastic
gradient approach, least square estimation

Module -2:

Adaptive Linear Combiner

General description, input signal and Weight vectors, desired response and error
performance function, gradient and minimum mean square, alternative definition of
gradient, decorelection of error and input components.

Module - 3:

Wiener Filters
Linear optimum filtering, minimum mean square error, wiener Hopf equation, solution of
wiener Hopf equations for linear transversal filter, Error performance surface

Module -4:

Stochastic processes and Models

Partial characterization of discrete-time stochastic process, Mean ergodic theorem,
Correlation matrix and its properties, stochastic models, autoregressive models, moving
average models, autoregressive models-moving average models, Wold decomposition,
Basic idea of steepest descent algorithm, the steepest descent algorithm applied to
wiener filter, Basic ideas of gradient search methods, gradient search by Newtons
method

Module - 5:

Least Mean SquareAdaptive Filters

Overview of the structure and operation of least mean square algorithm, least mean
square adaptation algorithm, Comparison of the LMS algorithm with the steepest
descent algorithm, normalized least mean square algorithm, Stability of the normalized
least mean square filter
Module - 6:

Recursive Least Square Algorithm

Preliminaries, matrix inversion lemma, exponentially weighted RLS algorithm, update
recursion for the sum of weighted error squares, convergence analysis of RLS algorithm.

Module - 7:

Adaptive Filter Applications

The concept of adaptive noise cancelling, cancelling noise in speech signals, the
concept of echo cancelling, interference cancellation with an adaptive predictor, adaptive
line enhancement

Text Books:
1. Adaptive Filter Theory, Simon Haykin, Pearson Education
2. Adaptive Signal Processing, Widrow and Stearns, Pearson Education

Reference Books:
1. Adaptive Filters, Cowan & Grant, Prentice Hall
2. Theory and design of adaptive filters, John R. Treichler, PHI.
3. Adaptive Signal Processing by Davisson.
 B. SPECIALISATION COURSES:

I. MICROWAVE ENGG./WIRELESS COMM./SOFTWARE DEFINED RADIO

MEC 1021 ANTENNAS AND DIVERSITY

Module -1:

Aperture Antennas:
Radiation Equations, Rectangular Apertures: Uniform Distribution on an infinite ground
plane, Uniform distribution in Space, Circular Apertures: Uniform Distribution on an
infinite ground plane, Design Considerations.

Module -2:

Antennas for Wireless Communication I:

Helical, Normal mode, Axial mode, Design procedure, feed design for helical antenna,
Horn Antenna; E-Plane, H-Plane, Pyramidal horn, Whip antenna, Discone antenna

Module -3:

Antennas for Wireless Communication II:

Microstrip antenna Basic Characteristics, Feeding Methods, Method of analysis,
Transmission line model and cavity model for rectangular patch antenna, Circular Patch
Antenna, Inverted F Antenna, Planar Spiral Antenna.

Module -4:

Antenna Arrays:
Two element and N-element arrays, Linear array with uniform, Binomial distribution and
Tchebyscheff distribution, Planar array, Phased array, Adaptive arrays, Mutual Coupling
in Arrays.

Module -5:

Diversity Schemes:
Macroscopic diversity scheme, Microscopic diversity scheme Space diversity, Field
diversity, Polarization diversity, Angle diversity, Frequency diversity and time diversity
scheme.
Module -6:

Combining Techniques:
Combining techniques for Macroscopic diversity, Combining techniques for Microscopic
diversity Selective combining, Switched combining, Maximal ratio combining, equal
gain combining and feed combining technique.

Module -7:

Smart Antenna :
Introduction, Benefits of Smart Antennas, Structures for Beamforming Systems,
Strategies for the coverage and Capacity Improvement, Smart Antenna Algorithms.

Text Books:

1. Antenna Theory , Analysis and Design, 2/E, . A. Balanis, John Wiley.

2. Antennas, J. D. Kraus, TMH
3. Wireless Communications, Principles and Practices, Rappaport, PHI

Reference Books:

1. Software Radio A Modern Approach to Radio Engineering, J. H. Reed, Pearson

Education.
2. Smart Antenna, T. K. Sarkar
3. Microstrip Antenna Design Handbook, R. Garg, Bhal and Bhartia, Artech House.
 MEC 1023 WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS

Module 1:

Introduction to wireless communication systems:

Brief history of wireless communication, elements of wireless communication systems,
examples of wireless communication systems, radio frequency spectrum and bandwidth
requirements.

Module 2:

Modern wireless communication systems:

Universal Mobile Communication Systems, Personal Communication systems, emerging
trends in wireless communications

Module 3:

Wireless systems and standards:

AMPS and ATACS systems, 2G, 2.5G and 3G systems and standards, emergence of
4G standards

Module 4:

The Cellular concept :

Introduction, frequency reuse, channel assignment strategies, handoff strategies,
interference and system capacity, improved coverage and capacity in cellular systems

Module 5:

Wireless signal propagation:

Basic propagation mechanism, free space propagation model, path loss, multipath
propagation and fading

Module 6:

Multiple access techniques for wireless communication:

FDMA, TDMA, SDMA, Spread spectrum multiple access, CDMA, FHMA, THMA.

Module 7:

Modulation technique for wireless communication:

Linear modulation techniques (BPSK, DPSK, QPSK), constant envelope modulation
(BFSK, MSK, GMSK), Combined linear and constant envelop modulation techniques
(MPSK, QAM, OFDM)
Text Book :

Rappaport T.S., Wireless Communications : Principles and Practices 2/e, Pearson

Education, Asia, 2002

Reference Books:

William C. Y. Lee, Mobile Communications Engineering, 2/e, McGraw Hill

International Editions, 1998.
 MEC 1025 INFORMATION THEORY AND CODING

Module- 1:

Information Theory I:
Introduction, Information Measure, Information and Entropy, Discrete Memoryless
Channels, Source coding Theorem, Noiseless Coding, Discrete Memoryless Channels,
Mutual Information, Information Capacity and Channel Capacity, Shannons First
Fundamental Theorem.

Module- 2:

Information Theory II:

Channel Coding Theorem, Markov Sources, Discrete Channel with discrete Noise, BSC,
BEC, Shannons Second Fundamental Theorem on coding for Memoryless Noisy
Channels.

Module- 3:

Speech Coding:
Characteristics of Speech Signal, Frequency Domain Coding of Speech, Channel
Vocoders, Format Vocoders, Cepstrum Vocoders, Voice-Excited Vocoders.

Module 4:

Error Control Codes I:

Introduction, Galios Fields, Forward and Backward Error Correction, Error Correction
Codes, Block Codes, Binary Cyclic Codes, Multiple Error Correcting Codes, BCH
Codes.

Module 5:

Error Control Codes II:

Hamming Distance, Standard Array, Cyclic Redundancy Check, Hamming Code,
Hadamard Code, Golay Code, Majority-Logic Decoding, Convolution Codes, Burst-Error
Correcting Codes, Syndrom Decoding, Trees, Trellis and Distance, Viterbi Decoding,
Two-Dimensional Codes, ARQ, Performance of Codes, Decoding of Convolution Codes.

Module 6:

Encryption and Decryption:

Conventional Methods, Message Authentication, One-Way Hash Function, Public
KeyEncryption,DigitalSignature.
Module 7:

Data Compression Techniques:

Data Compression, Prefix coding, Huffman Coding, Lempel-Ziv Coding. (5)

Text Books:

1. Principles of Digital Communications- J. Das, S. K. Mullick, P. K. Chatterjee,

2. Digital Communications- J. G. Proakis

Reference Books:

1. Wireless Communications-Principles and Practice-T. S. Rappaport

2. Data and Computer Communications-W. Stallings
 MEC 1027 MODERN WIRELESS COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS

Module -1:

Fundamentals of Mobile & Cellular Communications:

A basic cellular system, Performance criteria, Description of transmission media, Mobile
fading characteristics, Operation of cellular systems, Hand-off, Maximum number of
frequency channels per cell, Frequency reuse, Co-Channel interference and Methods of
reducing co-channel interference, Cell splitting

Module- 2 :

Existing wireless systems:

GSM-Frequency bands and channels, Frames in GSM, Identity numbers used by a
GSM system, Layers, planes and interfaces of GSM, IMT-2000- International spectrum
allocation, services provided by third generation cellular systems, Harmonized 3G
systems, UMTS.

Module - 3:

Smart Identification:
Smart Cards, Smart Card Hardware & Hardware security, Smart Card Software,
Communication between On-Card & Off-Card Parts, Smart Labels, Smart Tokens

Module 4 :

IPv6 & VoIP:

IP shortcomings, Packed Headers, IPSec, IPv6 Addressing, Compatibility with IPv4,
VoIP Network Architecture, Protocol, Call establishment & Call release, SIP Network
Architecture& SIP Call establishment.

Module - 5:

IP & Mobile IP:

HTTP, HTML, XML, WAP1.1 Architecture, Wireless Application Environment 1.1,
WAP2.0 Architecture

Module - 6:

Web Services:
Web services Architectures, WSDL, UDDI, SOAP, WSRP.
Module - 7:

WWAN:
Wireless Wide Area Networks: Two-way communication, SMS Mechanism, Other
Messaging Services, Security, GPRS & EDGE Technology, Short Range Wireless
Communications (DECT & Bluetooth), Infrared Data Association (IrDA), Home Networks
through Power Line Networking and Phone Line Networking.

Text Book:

1. Principles of Mobile Computing, U. Hansmann, L. Merk, M. Nicklous & T. Stober,

2003, 2/E, Springer
2. Mobile Communication Engineering, W. C. Y. Lee , 1998, 2nd Ed, Mc-Grag- Hill-
Telecommunications

Reference Books:

1. Wireless Communications: Principles and Practice, T. S. Rappaport, 2nd Ed, Pearson

Education.
2. Introduction to Wireless and Mobile Systems, D.P. Agrawal, Q.A. Zeng, Vikash
Publishing House.
3. Understanding Communications & Networks, W. A. Shay, 2004, 3/E, Thomson
Learning
4. 3G Wireless Networks, C. Smith & D. Collins, 2002, Mc-Graw-Telecom
 MEC 1029 MICROWAVE ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION

Module -1:

Aperture Antennas:
Huygens Equivalence Principle, Radiation form Rectangular & Circular Apertures

Module -2:

Radiation from Rectangular & Circular Waveguides, E-plane & H-plane sectoral Horns,
Pyramidal Horn, Radiation from E-plane sectoral Horn

Module -3:

Satellite Antennas:
Radiation & Impedance properties of Parabolic Reflector Antenna & Cassegrain
Antenna, Spillover loss, Corner Reflector, Lens Antenna

Module -4:

Antenna Arrays:
Linear Array with Nonuniform current distribution (Dolph-Tchebyscheff distribution,
Taylor Distribution), Planar Array, Blind Antennas, Phased Array, Adaptive Antenna
Array

Module -5:

Microstrip Antennas:
Radiation from Microstrip patch, Electric & Magnetic current distributions, Feeding
techniques, Cavity model analysis of Rectangular & Circular microstrip antennas, Dual-
Frequency Microstrip Antennas, Circularly Polarized Microstrip antennas

Module -6:

Broadband and Ultra Wide Band Microstrip Antennas:

Basic Characteristics of Stacked, Electromagnetic-Coupled & Aperture-Coupled
Microstrip Antennas, Aperture-Coupled Stacked Microstrip Antennas
Module -7:

Microwave & Millimeter wave Propagation:

Propagation characteristics of Microwave & Millimeter wave, Attenuation by Rain, Fog,
Snow, Ice, Attenuation by atmospheric Gases, Scattering by Rain, Effect of Wave
Polarization, Born Approximation

Text Book:

1. Antenna Theory -Analysis & Design- C. A. Balanis, Harper & Row Publisher

Reference Books:

1. Antennas & Radiowave Propagation-R. E. Collin, McGraw-Hill Intnl.

2. Microstrip Antenna Design Handbook- R. Garg, P. Bhartia, I. Bhal & A. Ittipiboon
 MEC 1031 ADVANCED ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING

Module 1 :

Transmission Lines and Waveguides I:

General solutions for TEM, TE and TM waves obtained from reduced Maxwells
Equations. Inhomogeneously filled parallel plate transmission-line: Derivation of E.M.
fields for the dominant E-mode followed by low-frequency and high frequency solutions.
General solutions for Enm and Hnm modes in a rectangular waveguide; including
waveguide parameters. Anisotropic dielectrics.

Module 2 :
Transmission Lines and Waveguides II:
Power for Hnm modes. Derivation of the attenuation constant for the Hio mode. TEmo
modes of a partially loaded waveguide. TEnm and TMnm modes in a circular waveguide.
TEnm modes in a coaxial transmission line, Discontinuity.

Module 3 :

Microstrips and Strip Lines I:

Vector and scalar potential function formulation for microstrip transmission line with
anisotropic substrate material. Low frequency solutions; inductance per unit length;
capacitance per unit length; propagation constant; and the characteristic impedance.

Module 4 :

Microstrips and Strip Lines II:

An approximate electrostatic solution for Microstrip Transmission line with perfectly
conducting walls; equivalent dielectric constant. Microstrip attenuation. An approximate
electrostatic solution for an enclosed strip-line.

Module 5 :

Surface Waveguides and Microwave Cavities I:

TEn and TMn modes of a grounded dielectric slab surface waveguide. Phase, group and
energy flow velocities. An introduction to Ridge Waveguides and FIN-lines. E.M. fields;
Resonant frequencies and Q for TE10l modes of a rectangular cavity.

Module 6:

Microwave Cavities II:

Electromagnetic fields; resonant frequencies and Q for TEnml modes of a circular cavity.
TE01 mode of the cylindrical dielectric resonator. Farby-Perot resonators.
Module 7:

Microwave Cavity III:

Cavity field expansion in terms of short circuit modes. Electric field expansion in a
general cavity; Orthogonality properties. Magnetic field expansion in a general cavity;
Orthogonality properties.

Text Books:

1. Foundations for Microwave Engineering; Second Edition; By Prof. Robert E. Collin;

McGraw Hill International Edition; 1992.
2. Microwave Engineering; Second Edition; by Prof. David M. Pozar; John Wiley &
Sons; Inc. Copyright 2001.
 MEC 1033 CHANNEL CODING AND SPEECH CODING

Module-1:

Channel Coding I:
Fundamentals of Channel coding, Block codes, Cyclic codes, Reed-Solmon codes,
Hamming codes, Hadamard codes, BCH codes, Reed-Solmon Encoding and Decoding,
Syndrome calculation

Module-2:

Channel Coding II:

Convolutional codes, Decoding of Convolutional codes, Viterbi Algorithm, Coding Gain,
Trellis Coded Modulation

Module-3:

Speech Coding I:
Characteristics of Speech signals, Uniform & Nonuniform Quantization,
Adaptive Quantization, Vector Quantization, ADPCM

Module-4:

Speech Coding II:

Frequency Domain Coding of Speech: Sub-band Coding, Adaptive Transform Coding,

Module-5:

Vocoders:
Channel Vocoders, Formant Vocoders, Cepstrum Vocoders, Voice-Excited Vocoders,

Module-6:

Linear Predictive Coders (LPCs):

LPC Vocoders, Multi-Pulse Excited LPC, Code-Excited LPC, Residual Excited LPC

Module-7:

Speech Codec for Mobile Communications:

Requirements for speech coding in Mobile Communication, GSM Codec, USDC Codec
Text Books :

1. Wireless Communications-Principles and Practice-T. S. Rappaport

2. Fundamental of Speech Recognition-L. Rabiner & B-H Juang, Pearson Education
 MEC 1035 INTRODUCTION TO SOFTWARE DEFINED RADIO

Module - 1:

Introduction to Software radio concepts :

Introduction, need, characteristics, benefits and design principles of Software Radios.
Traditional radio implemented in hardware (first generations of 2G cell phones),
Software controlled radio (SCR), Software defined radio (SDR), Ideal software radio
(ISR), Ultimate software radio (USR)

Module -2:

Radio frequency implementation issues :

The purpose of RF Front-End, Dynamic range, RF Receiver Front-End Topologies,
Enhanced Flexibility of the RF Chain with Software Radios, Importance of Components
to Overall performance, Transmitter Architecture and their issues, Noise and Distortion
in RF Chain.

Module -3:

Digital generation of signals:

Introduction, Comparison of Direct Digital Synthesis with Analog Signal Synthesis,
Approaches to Direct Digital Synthesis, Analysis of Spurious Signals, Spurious
Components due to Periodic Jitter.

Module- 4:

A/D & D/A Conversion :

Introduction, Parameters of Ideal Data Converters, Parameters of Practical data
Converters, Techniques to improve Data Converter performance, Complex ADC and
DAC Architectures.

Module- 5:

Multirate Signal Processing:

Introduction, Sample Rate Conversion Principles, Polyphase Filters, Digital Filter Banks,
Timing Recovery in Digital receivers Using Multirate Digital Filters.

Module -6:

Antennas & Antenna Arrays:

Introduction, Benefits of Smart Antennas, Structures for Beamforming Systems, Smart
Antenna Algorithms.
Module -7:

Case study in Software radio design:

Introduction, SPEAKeasy, JTRS.

Text Book:

Software Radio: A Modern Approach to radio Engineering, Pearson Education Asia,

Jeffrey H. Reed
 MEC 1037 RADAR SIGNAL ANALYSIS

Module 1:
Radar equation, MDS, detection of signal in noise, Receiver noise and signal to noise
ratio, prediction of radar range.

Module 2:
Probability density functions, probabilities of detection and false alarm rate, integration of
radar pulses, radar cross section of targets, radar cross section fluctuations.

Module 3:
Detection of radar signals:
matched filter, correlation receiver, detection criteria, detectors, integrators and CFAR
receivers.

Module- 4:
Information from radar signals:
basic radar measurements, theoretical accuracy, ambiguity diagram, pulse compression,
target recognition.

Module 5:
Radar clutter :
surface clutter radar equation, land clutter, sea clutter, statistical model for surface
clutter, detection of targets in clutter.

Module-6:

Propagation of radar waves:

forward scattering from earth, scattering from round earth surface, atmospheric
refraction, standard and non standard propagation.

Module 7:
Detection of radar signals and estimation of signals in noise, linear mean square
estimation, maximum likelihood estimation, Bays estimators of parameters of linear
systems.

Text Book :

M.I. Skolnik, Introduction to Radar Systems 3/e, TMH, New Delhi, 2001
 MEC 1039 ADVANCED DIGITAL COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS

Module 1 :

Multilevel Digital Modulation:

M-ary ASK, M-ary PSK, M-ary QAM, M-ary FSK,

Module 2 :

Probability of error for Signal detection in additive white noise:

Probability of error for M-ary PAM, Phase- coherent PSK modulation, DPSK, QAM, M-
ary orthogonal signals, M-ary Biorthogonal signals, M-ary simplex signals, Noncoherent
detection of FSK, Comparison of Modulation methods.

Module 3 :

Channel capacity & Coding:

channel capacity, Bounds on communication, Coding for reliable communication, Block
coding, cyclic coding, Convolutional coding.

Module 4 :

Coding for Bandwidth-Constrained Channels:

Combined Coding and modulation, Trellis - coded modulation.

Module- 5 :

Digital Transmission on Fading Multipath channels:

Channel model for time varient multipath channels, signal design for fading multipath
channels, Performance of Binary modulation in frequency nonselective Rayleigh fading
channels, Performance improvement through signal diversity, modulation &
demodulation on frequency selective channels- The RAKE demodulator, Multiple
antenna system and space time codes.

Module 6 :

Continuous Carrier-Phase modulation:

Continuous - phase FSK, Continuous phase modulation, Spectral characteristics of
CPFSK and CPM Signals, Demodulation and detection of CPM Signals, Performance of
CPM in AWGN and Rayleigh Fading Channels.
Module- 7 :

Spread spectrum communication system:

Model of a spread spectrum Digital Communication System, DS spread spectrum
System, Effects of pulsed Interference and fading, Generation of PN sequences,
Frequency-hopped Spread spectrum, Synchronization of spread -spectrum System.

Text Book:

Communication Systems Engineering, John G. Proakis, 2/e Ed.,Pearson Education

Asia.

Reference Book:

Digital Communications Fundamentals and Applications , Sklar, Prentice Hall, 2001

 MEC 1041 SATELLITE BASED WIRELESS COMMUNICATION

Module -1 :

Introduction to Satellite Communications:

Origin, History, Current Technology State and Overview of Satellite System Engineering

Module -2 :

Orbital Aspects of Earth Satellites:

Orbital Mechanics and Orbital Elements, Azimuth and Elevation, Coverage Angle and
Slant Range, Placement of a Satellite in a Geostationary Orbit.

Module -3:

Satellite Link Design:

Basic Radio Transmission Theory, System Noise Temperature and G/T Ratio, Uplink
and Downlink Design, Interference Analysis, Carrier-to-Noise plus Interference Ratio,
Interference to and from Adjacent Satellite Systems, Terrestrial Interference, Cross-
polarization Interference, Intermodulation Interference, Design of Satellite Links for
Specified Carrier-to-Noise plus Interference Ratio, Digital Satellite Link.

Module -4 :

Propagation on Satellite-Earth Paths and Its Influence on Link Design:

Absorbitive Attenuation Noise by Atmospheric Gases, Rain Attenuation, Noise due to
Rain, Rain Depolarization, Tropospheric Multipath and Scintillation Effects.

Module -5 :

Multiple Access Techniques in Satellite Communications:

Frequency Division Multiple Access, FDMA, SCPC, MCPC. Time Division Multiple
Access, TDMA: random (ALOHA, S-ALOHA) and time synchronized access. Code
Division Multiple Access, CDMA, Fixed and On-demand Assignment.

Module -6 :

Satellite Networking:
Advantages and Disadvantages of Multibeam Satellites, Interconnection by Transponder
Hopping, Interconnection by On-board Switching, Interconnection by Beam Scanning,
On-Board Processing, Intersatellite Links.

Module -7 :

Types of Satellite Networks:

Fixed Point Satellite Network, INTELSAT, Mobile Satellite Network, INMARSAT, Low
Earth Orbit and Medium Earth Orbit Satellite Systems, Very Small Aperture Terminal
(VSAT) Network, Direct Broadcast Satellite Systems, Global Positioning System.
Text Books:

1. Digital Satellite Communications, 2/e, McGraw-Hill, 1990.Tri T. Ha

2. Satellite Communications, John Willey and Sons, 2000T. Pratt, C.W. Bostian
3. Satellite Communications Systems Engineering, Pearson Education, 2/e; 2003 W.L.
Prichard, H.G. Suyderhoud and R.A. Nelson
 MEC 2025 NUMERICAL TECHNIQUES IN ELECTROMAGNETICS

Module -1 :

Introduction :
Need for Numerical Solution of Electromagnetic problems, Selection of a numerical
method, Classification of Electromagnetic problems, Classification of Solution Region,
Classification of Boundary Conditions.

Module -2 :

Integral Equation and Greens Function:

Classification of Integral Equations, Relation between Differential and Integral
Equations, Overview of Greens function, Greens function for free space, Greens
function with conducting boundaries (method of Images & Eigen function Expansion).

Module -3 :

Method of Moments:
Overview, Application to Quasi-static problems (thin conducting wire, parallel plate
capacitor), Diode current distribution & input impedance, Application of Scattering from a
short dipole, mutual impedance of two short dipoles, etc.

Module -4 :

Finite Difference Methods:

Overview, Finite Difference schemes, Finite differencing of parabolic, hyperbolic &
Elliptical partial differential equation, Practical applications of FD technique (Guided
structures).

Module -5 :

Finite Difference Time Domain Methods:

Yees FD algorithms, Accuracy & stability, Lattice truncation condition, Initial fields,
Absorbing Boundary conditions for FDTD, Finite Differencing for Nonrectangular
systems.
Module -6 :

Finite Element Method:

Finite Element Discretization, Element Governing Equations, Assembling of all
Elements, Solving the resulting equations, Typical Applications.

Module -7 :

Geometrical Theory of Diffraction & its Uniform version UTD Overview

Text Book:

1. Numerical Techniques in Electromagnetics Mathew N. O. Sadiku (CRC Press)

2. Analytical and Computational Methods in Electromagnetics, Ramesh Garg, Artech
House, 2008.

Reference Book:
1. Numerical Techniques in Microwave and Millimeter wave Passive Structures
T. Itoh
 MEC 2027 MICROWAVE INTEGRATED CIRCUITS

Module -1:

Introduction to Monolithic Microwave Integrated Circuits ( MMICs), their advantages over

discrete circuits, MMIC fabrication techniques, Thick and Thin film technologies and
materials, encapsulation and mounting of active devices. Microstrips on semiconductor
substrates.

Module -2 :

Planar transmission lines for MICs. Method of conformal transformation for microstrip
analysis, concept of effective dielectric constant, Effective dielectric constant for
microstrip, Losses in Microstrip.

Module -3 :

Slot Line Approximate analysis and field distribution, Transverse resonance method and
evaluation of slot line impedance, comparison with microstrip line.

Module -4 :

Fin lines & Coplanar Lines. Introduction, Analysis of Fin lines by Transverse Resonance
Method, Conductor loss in Fin lines. Introduction to coplanar wave guide and coplanar
strips.

Module -5 :

Lumped Elements for MICs :

Use of Lumped Elements, Capacitive elements, Inductive elements and Resistive
elements.

Module -6 :

Microwave Solid State Active Devices for MICs :

Schottky Barrier diode, Pin diode, Varactor diode structure, characteristics, operation
and applications at microwave frequencies, Equivalent circuit, gain expression and
output power efficiency. Bipolar, MESFETs and HEMTs.
Module -7 :

MIC Measurement, Testing and Applications

MIC measurement system, Microwave test fixtures and probes, measurement
techniques S parameter measurement, noise measurement,

RF MEMS, Phased Array radar system.

Text Book:

1. Microwave Integrated circuits, K.C. Gupta.

2. Micro strip lines and Slot lines, K.C. Gupta, R. Garg. , I. Bahl, P. Bhartia

Reference Books:

1. Microwave Devices & Circuits 3/e, Samuel Y. Liao.

2. Stripline-like Transmission lines for Microwave Integrated circuits, B. Bhat, S. K.
Koul, Wiley Eastern Ltd., New Delhi.
3. Microwave Integrated circuits, By Ivan Kneppo, J Fabian, P. Bezousek
4. RF MEMS and their Application Vijay K. Vardan, K. J. Vinoy, K. A. Jose
 MEC 2029 RF CIRCUIT DESIGN

Module -1:

Introduction:
Importance of RF Design, RF Behavior of Passive Components: High Frequency
Resistors, High-Frequency Capacitors, High-Frequency Inductors. Chip Components
and Circuit Board Considerations: Chip Resistors, Chip Capacitors, Surface-Mounted
Inductors.

Module -2:

An Overview of RF Filter Design I :

Basic Resonator and Filter Configurations: Filter Type and Parameters, Low-Pass Filter,
High Pass Filter, Bandpass and Bandstop Filters, Insertion Loss, Special Filter
Realizations: Butterworth Type, Chebyshev and Denormalization of Standard Low-
Pass Design.

Module -3:

An Overview of RF Filter Design II :

Filter Implementations: Unit Elements, Kurodas Identities and Examples of Microstrip
Filter Design. Coupled Filter: Odd and Even Mode Excitation, Bandpass Filter Section,
Cascading Bandpass Filter Elements, Design Examples.

Module -4:

Matching and Biasing Network:

Impedance Matching using Discrete Components: Two Component Matching Networks,
Forbidden regions, Frequency Response and Quality Factor, Microstrip Line Matching
Networks: From Discrete Components to Microstrip Lines, Single-Stub Matching
Networks, Double-Stub Matching Networks, Amplifier Classes of Operation and Biasing
Network: Classes of Operation and Efficiency of Amplifiers, Bipolar Transistor Biasing
Networks, Field Effect Transistor Biasing Networks.

Module -5:

RF Transistor Amplifier Design I:

Characteristics of Amplifiers, Amplifier Power Relations: RF source, Transducer Power
Gain, Additional Power Relations, Stability Considerations: Satbility Circles,
Unconditional Stability, Stabilization Methods.
Module -6:

RF Transistor Amplifier Design II:

Constant Gain: Unilateral Design, Unilateral Figure of Merit, Bilateral Design, Operating
and Available Power Gain Circles. Noise Figure Circles, Constant VSWR Circles.
Broadband, High Power and Multistage Amplifiers.

Module -7:

RF Oscillators and Mixers:

Basic Oscillator Model: Negative Resistance Oscillator, Feedback Oscillator Design,
Design Steps, Quartz Oscillators. High Frequency Oscillator Configuration: Fixed
Frequency Oscillators, Dielectric Resonator Oscillators, YIG-Tuned Oscillators, Voltage
Controlled Oscillators, Gunn Element Oscillator. Basic Characteristics of Mixers: Basic
Concepts, Frequency Domain Considerations, Single-Balanced Mixer Double-Balanced
Mixer.

Text Book :

1. RF Circuit Design Theory and Application, Reinhold Ludwig and Pavel Bretchko, Ed.
2004, Pearson Education

Reference Book:

1. Radio Frequency & Microwave Electronics Illustrated, Radmanesh, Pearson, 2001.

 MEC 2031 MICROWAVE CIRCUIT THEORY

Module-1:

Microwave Circuit Description:

Scattering Matrix formulation; effect of shifting terminal planes on [S] matrix; symmetry
of [S] matrix; unitary property of [s] matrix. [S] Matrix for a two-port junction.
Transmission matrix representation: voltage-current transmission matrix; wave-
amplitude transmission matrix.

Module-2:

Continued & Passive Microwave Devices:

Signal flow graphs; its five rules. Choke-type adjustable short circuit; electronically
controlled attenuators; electronically controlled phase shifters; multi-element directional
couplers using Bionomial and Chebyshev distribution.

Module-3:

Continued:
Analysis of a microstrip coupled line directional coupler; analysis of a branch-line
directional coupler; Lange directional coupler; Derivation of [S] matrix for Hybrid Ring
(Rat-race coupler).

Module-4:

Continued & Non-Reciprocal Microwave Devices:

Lossless three port junction used as a power divider; analysis of a two-way Wilkinson
power divider; Faraday rotation in magnetized Ferrites; Gyrator; Resonance Isolator.

Module-5:

Continued & Microwave Filters:

Four port circulators; simplified analysis of three-port circulators. Microwave filters;
Insertion loss method; characterization by power loss ratio; Maximally flat low pass filter
prototype (Butterworth filter); equal-ripple low pass filter prototype (Chebyshev filter).

Module-6:

Microwave Filter Transformations:

Impedance scaling and frequency scaling; Low pass to High pass transformation; Low
pass to band pass and band stop transformation; Richards transformation.
Module-7:

Continued & Microstrip Filters:

Kurodas identities; Impedance and admittance inverters. Even and odd mode analysis
of a two parallel-coupled microstrip line filter having a band pass response.

Text Book:
Foundation for Microwave Engineering; 2/E; By-Prof.Robert.E.Collin
McGraw Hill International Edition, 1992.

Reference Book:
Microwave Engineering; 2/E; By- Prof David.M.Pozar; John wiley & sons; Inc;
Copyright 2001.
 MEC 2033 DIGITAL MODULATION TECHNIQUES

Module -1:

Brief Review of Signal Space, Optimum Detection and Matched Filter,

Baseband Signaling, Nyquist Signaling, Optimum Filtering, Linear Equalization,
Duobinary Signaling

Module - 2 :

Classical Modulations:
BPSK, QPSK, MPSK,QAM, BFSK, MFSK, Probability of Error

Module - 3:

MSK-type Signaling, SQPSK and MSK-type Signals, Adjacent Channel Crosstalk in

QPSK, SQPSK, MSK, /-QPSK (IS-136)

Module - 4:

Multitone Modulation:
Discrete Multitone (DMT), Implementations, The Twisted-Pair Channel, DMT for ADSL,
VDSL, G.Lite , DMT versus DFE for ADSL and VDSL

Module - 5:

Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing-OFDM, Adaptive Modulation and Coding,

IEEE 802.11, 802.16, Multiple Access Technique for the Fourth Generation.

Module - 6:

Trellis Coded Modulation- Ungerboeck Modulation (V.34), WGN channels, Interleaving

for the Rayleigh channel, Performance on Rayleigh channel, The ISI channel

Module- 7:

Continuous Phase Modulation-CPM, Coherent Detection, GMSK (GSM, DECT, CDPD),

TFM, GTFM
Text Book :
1. J. Proakis, Digital Communications, Third Edition, McGraw-Hill, New York, 1995

Reference Books:
1. T.S. Rappaport, "Wireless Communications: Principles and Practice", Prentice-Hall,
1995
2. C. Schlegel, Trellis Coding, IEEE Press, New York, 1997.
 MEC 2035 SPREAD SPECTRUM TECHNIQUES AND MULTIPLE ACCESS

Module -1:

Introduction to Spread-Spectrum Systems:

Introduction, Direct-sequence Spread Spectrum BPSK, QPSK, MSK, Frequency- Hop
Spread Spectrum Coherent Frequency- Hop Spread Spectrum, Noncoherent
Frequency- Hop Spread Spectrum, Hybrid DS/ FH Spread Spectrum

Module -2:

Binary Shift Register Sequences for Spread- Spectrum Systems :

Definitions, Finite field Arithmetic, Sequence Generator fundamentals, State Machine
Representation of Shift Register Generators, Maximal length - Sequences, Gold codes,
orthogonal codes, Walsh codes.

Module -3:

Performance of Spread Spectrum Systems in Jamming Environments: AWGN

jamming, Partial band jamming, pulsed noise jamming, single tone jamming, multiple -
tone jamming

Module -4:

Multiple Access Techniques1: Frequency Division Multiple Access, Time Division

Multiple Access, Code Division Multiple Access, Space Division Multiple Access and
Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access

Module -5:
Multiple Access Techniques II : ALOHA, Slotted ALOHA, Carrier Sense Multiple
Access, Packet Resevation Multiple Access, Busy Tone Multiple Access, Digital Sense
Multiple Access.

Module -6:

Specific Application of CDMA Digital cellular Systems:

Cdma 2000: Carrier Spacing & Deployment Scenarios, Logical & Physical Channels ,
Hand over

WCDMA: Carrier Spacing & Deployment Scenarios, Logical & Physical Channels, Hand
over
Module -7:

CDMA Power Control: Open-Loop & Closed-Loop Power Controls, Outer-Loop Power
Control, Residual Power Control , RAKE Receiver, Code Acquisaition, Code Tracking,
Multiuser Detection (MUD)

Text Books:

1. Introduction to Spread Spectrum Communications : Roger L. Peterson, R. E.

Ziemer, David E. Borth , Pearson Education

Reference Books:

1. Wideband CDMA for Third Generation Mobile Communications-T. Ojanpera & R.

Prasad, Artech House, 1992
2. Wireless Communication Principles & Practice T.S.Rappaport, Pearson Edu.,
2002
3. Cellular Mobile Systems Engineering-S. Faruque, Artech House, 1996
 MEC 2037 WIRELESS DATA COMMUNICATION

Module -1:

Wireless Local Area Network:

Protocol architecture, Physical layer, Medium access control layer, Roaming, WLAN
Security.

Module -2:

Hyperlan & blue tooth:

Hyperlan: Protocol Architecture, Physical layer, Channel access control sublayer,
Medium access control sub layer.
Blue tooth:
User scenario, Physical layer, MAC layer, Network Layer, Security and link management

Module -3:

TCP over wireless network:

Overview of traditional TCP, Impact on the performance of TCP over wireless
environment, Link Layer Scheme (Snoop Protocol),The I-TCP protocol, The WTCP
protocol . (5)

Module -4:

IP V6 :
IPV4 vrs IPV6,IPV6 addressing,Ipv6 header format,Ipv6 extension, Ipv6 routing
architecture,QoS capabilities,Ipv6 transition mechanism

Module -5 :

Mobile IP:
Mobile ip new architecture entities, Operation of Mobile IP, Message
Format, Agent Discovery, Agent advertisement, Registration, Authentication, Route
Discovery, Route optimisation, Mobility support for IPV6

Module -6 :

Adhoc Network:
Introduction, MAC protocols for Adhoc Network, Routing protocols for Adhoc Network
(DSDV, DSR, AODV, ZRP, TORA), Energy management in Adhoc Network
Module -7:

Wireless ATM:
WATM services, Reference model, Functions, Radio access layer
Handover, Location management, APCP.

Text Book:
Mobile communication by J.Schiller Pearson Education

Reference Books:
1. Adhoc Wireless Networks: architecture and protocols by C.Sivaram Murty &
B.S.Manoj Pearson Education
2. Adhoc Network: Charles Perkins
3. Routing in the Internet by Christian Huitema 2/e Publisher : Prentice Hall
4. www.ietf.org
(i) rfc 3513.txt : ipv6 -addressing architecture
(ii) rfc 2460.txt ipv6 specification
 MEC 2039 WIRELESS INTELLIGENT NETWORKS

Module 1:

SS7 Signalling :
Signalling, physical SS7 network, SS7 protocols, signalling in a wireless network,
intelligent networking.

Module 2:

WIN capabilities :
Intelligence in Tele communication Network , Standardized intelligence for Mobile
Networks ( WIN , CAMEL) , Pre WIN , WIN Phase I,II,III. CAMEL- Phase I, II, III.

Module 3:

IN SERVICES :
IN solution to Wireless Fraud, Network based HLR , Wireless Adds wire line services ,
wireless data.

Module 4:

Hybrid IN+IP Network :

Convergence of IN and IP signalling, PINT, SPIRITS, IP telephony.

Module 5:

IMS network elements :

Access gateway(AG) , Access Network (AN) , Breakout Gateway Control Function
(BGCF) , Call Session Control Function (CSCF), Foreign Agent (FA), Home Agent (HA)
, Home Subscriber Server (HSS), Media Gateway (MGW), Media Gateway Control
Function (MGCF), Policy Decision Function (PDF), Position Determining Entity (PDE),
SIP Application Server

Module 6:

JAIN :
JAIN Architecture , JAIN protocol API , JAIN call control , JAIN example : call forwarding
, JAIN application.

Module 7:

H.323, SIP clients and server, Media Gateway Control Protocol, Soft Switching.
Text book :
Next generation Intelligent Networks by Johan Zuidweg ( Artech House Mobile
Communication Library)

Reference Book:
Wireless Intelligent Networking by Gerry Christensen ( Artech House Mobile
Communication Library)
 MEC2041 PROPAGATION AND FADING

Module 1:

Mobile radio Environment:

Mobile radio communication medium, propagation path loss, parameters of mobile
multipath channels: Time dispersion parameters, coherence bandwidth, Doppler Spread
and Coherence time.

Module 2:

Statistical communication theory:

statistical approach: Averages, Ergodic process, Useful probability density & cumulative
distribution functions, Level crossing rate, Duration of fades.

Module 3:

Large scale Path Loss: Free space propagation model, Basic propagation
mechanisms, Practical link budget design using path loss models, Outdoor Propagation
models, Indoor Propagation Models

Module 4:

Small scale fading and Multipath:

Small scale multipath propagation, Impulse response model, Small scale multipath
measurements, Types of Small scale fading, Statistical fading models, Theory of
multipath shape factor.

Module 5:

Communication through fading multipath channels:

Constant Envelope Modulation, Combined linear and Constant envelope modulation
techniques, frequency non selective slowly fading channels, Digital Signalling over a
frequency selective slowly fading channel.

Module 6:
Equlization: Fundamentals of equalization, Training a generic adaptive equalizer,
Equalizer in communication receiver, Linear equalizers, Nonlinear equalizers, Algorithms
for adaptive equalization.
Module -7 :

Coded waveform for fading channels:

Soft decision decoding and hard decision decoding, Linear binary block codes,
Convolutional codes for Rayleigh fading channels, Constant weight codes and
concatenated codes for fading channels, trellis coded modulation.

Text Books:
T. S. Rapppaport, Wireless Communications, 2/e, Pearson Education Asia, 2002.

Reference Books :
1. J. G. Proakis, Digital Communications 2/e, McGraw Hill International edition, 1999
2. William C. Y. Lee, Mobile Communications Engineering,2/e, McGraw Hill
International Editions, 1998.
 MEC 2043 DSP FOR WIRELESS COMMUNICATION

Module-1:

Wireless channel concepts:

Wireless channel characterization & modulation techniques: QAM, Multitone, MSK,
GMSK, CPM, TFM and OFDM.

Module-2:

Equalization and Synchronization:

MLSE, Adaptive Equalization: LMS, RLS & Blind adjustment, Timing recovery and
carrier recovery.

Module-3:

Parameter Estimation Theory:

Principle of estimation and properties of estimates, the methods of maximum likelihood,
moments, least-square errors and maximum entropy; Autoregressive parameter
Estimation: Levinson- Durbin algorithm and Lattice filter; LMMSE Filtering: Wiener and
Kalman Filtering;

Module-4:

Spectral Estimation:
Smoothed and windowed periodograms, minimum variance, maximum entropy and
parametric methods for spectral estimation; Adaptive
Filters: LMS and RLS filtering.

Module-5:

Signal Processing for Smart Antennas systems:

Generalized array signal processing, Beam forming concepts: DOB, TRB & SSBF,
Switched beam antennas, spatial diversity, and fully adaptive antennas for enhanced
coverage, range extension & improvement in frequency refuse, interference Nulling for
LOS & Multipath systems, SDMA concepts and Smart antennas implementation issues.

Module-6:

Space-Time Signal Processing:

Brief review of single-input single-output (SISO) communication systems. Performance
of SISO systems in fading channels. Motivation for Space-Time (or Multiple-Input
Multiple-Output (MIMO) communication systems. Principles of MIMO communication
Systems: Capacity, Channel measurements and models. Algorithms for transmitter and
receiver diversity, interference cancellation, channel estimation, equalization.
Module-7:

Space-Time codes:
Space-Time Trellis codes and Space-Time Block codes; Design Criteria for code
constructions; Constructions using Orthogonal designs and their variations; Algebraic
techniques for space-time codes; Decoding algorithms for Space-Time Codes.

Text Books:
1. G.H. Foschini, Layered Space-time architecture for wireless communications in a
fading environment when using multiple antennas, Bell Labs Technical Journal,
pp.41-59,Autumn,1996.
2. J.D. Parsons, The Mobile Radio Propagation Channel, Pentech Press, London,
1994.
3. T.S. Rappaport, Wireless Communication: Principles & Practices, 2/e, 2002, Prentice
Hall.

Reference Books:
1. J. Liberti & T.S. Rappaport, Smart Antennas for Wireless Communication: IS-95 and
Third Generation CDMS applications, 1999, Prentice Hall.
2. B. Pattan, Robust Modulation Methods and Smart Antennas in Wireless
communications, 2000, Prentice Hall.
3. J.S. Blogh & L. Hanzo, Third-Generation Systems and Intelligent Wireless
Networking: Smart Antennas and Adaptive
4. Modulation, April 2002, Wiley-IEEE Press.
5. C. Smith & D. Collins, 3G Wireless Networks, 1/e., 2002, McGraw Hill.
6. M. Hays: Statistical Digital Signal Processing and Modelling; John Willey & Sons,
1996.
7. .B. Porat: Digital Processing of Random Signals; Prentice-Hall, 1994.
8. Simon Haykin: Adaptive Filter Theory; Prentice Hall International, 1996.
9. S. M. Kay: Modern Spectral Estimation; Prentice Hall, 1987.
 MEC2045 WIRELESS APPLICATION PROTOCOL & PERSONAL
COMMUNICATION SERVICES

Module 1:

Overview of WAP :
Origin of WAP, Overview of WAP architecture, WAP architecture design principles,
components of WAP standards, network infrastructure services supporting WAP clients.

Module -2:

The Wireless Mark-up Language:

WML document model, WML authoring, events, tasks and bindings, application security,
wireless binary extensible mark-up language.

Module 3:

Enhanced WML:
WML script overview, language basics, standard libraries, script developments, user
interface design.

Module -4:

Push access protocol, WAP push addressing, push proxy gateway, push over the air
protocol, wireless telephony applications.

Module 5:

Introduction to PCS, frequency distribution, standards for PCS, personal Communication

Network, Mobile satellite systems.

Module -6:

Multicarrier CDMA, Channel Model, DS-CDMA & MC- CDMA systems, combination of
time domain and multicarrier modulation.

Module 7:

An interface multiple access scheme, CDMA based schemes, TDMA based schemes
and OFDM based schemes.

Text Book :
Sandeep Singhal, Thomas Bridgmen , et. al, Wireless Application Protocol ,
Pearson Education Asia, 2001.
Reference Books:

1. T. S. Rapppaport, Wireless Communications, 2/e, Pearson Education Asia, 2002.

2. William C. Y. Lee, Mobile Communications Engineering,2/e, McGraw Hill
International Editions, 1998.
3. Ramjee Prasad, Universal Wireless Personal Communications, Artec house
Publishers, 1998.
 MEC 2047 WIRELESS PROTOCOL AND SECURITY

Module 1:

Basic protocol functions, multicasting, routing protocols.

Module 2:

Foundation of information security:

threat and counter measures, cryptography and cryptanalysis, cryptographic protocol,
cryptographic patterns and methods, cryptographic tools, access control.

Module 3:

Wireless Security :
standard architecture, transmission security, authentication.

Module 4:

Network security and link layer security protocols

Module 5:

Encryption :
key encryption, key management, designing an encryption system.
Wireless LAN, eavesdropping, actual attacks

Module 6:

Access point security, transmission security, workstation security.

Text Books :

1. Eric Maiwald, Fundamentals of wireless security, Dreamtech, New Delhi, 2004.

2. Gunter Schafer, Security in Fixed and wireless Networks, John Wiley and sons,
2003.
 MEC 2049 Adaptive Antenna Systems

Module 1&2:

Advanced multi antenna communication concepts

Multiple- input- multiple-output (MIMO) systems
Time reversal techniques
Capacity & parallel channels
Space-time coding & transmit Diversity
Stochastic channel modelling
Temporal compression
Spatial selectivity

Module 3 & 4:

Space Division Multiple Access (SDMA)

Spatial/angular channel modelling
Spatial channel equalisation
Spatial interference suppression
Beam Forming
Direction of arrival (DOA) estimation

Module 5 & 6:

Distributed antenna systems

Antenna topographies
Coverage strategies
Combining methods

Text Book:

1) Adaptive antenna Arrays, Trends and Applications, Satish Chandran, Springer

 MEC 2051 TRANSCEIVER FUNDAMENTALS

Module 1 & 2:

Mathematical description of signals:

Representation of band-limited signals, signal power;
Ensemble versus time averaging; EDGE (Enhanced Data Rate for GSM Evolution)
signals;
Simple CDMA signal model; Noise; Signal quality; Constant and varying envelope
signals
two case studies (EDGE GMSK and EDGE 8PSK)

Module 3 & 4:

System level simulation:

Introduction behacioural models, Linear noise model, Power
series nonlinear model, A simple AM-AM and AM-PM nonlinear model, A simple mixer
model, The quadrature down-converter, Simulation of RF band-pass filters.

Module 5 & 6:

Transmitters:
Transmitter objectives and requirements: Cartesian up-conversion; Polar up-conversion.

Receivers:
Receiver functionality; Interference, signal, and noise considerations; Receiver
architectures; A systems approach to noise in mixers.
MEC2053 GENETIC ALGORITHMS: CONCEPTS AND APPLICATIONS IN ANTENNA
DESIGN

Module 1:
Introduction: Optimal problem formulation, Engineering optimization problems,
Optimization algorithms.

Module 2:
Biological background, differences and similarities between GA and traditional methods,
Conceptual development of GA, A simple GA, Parameter coding, selection strategies,
GA operators, fitness function.

Module 3:
Extension and Improvement to simple GA optimizer: Elitist strategy, Fitness scaling,
Steady state GA, Parallel Genetic Algorithm, Multiple objective, Multimodel.

Module 4:
Hierarchical GA , biological Inspiration, Hierarchical chromosome formulation, Genetic
operations.

Module 5:
Design of wire antenna using GA: Approach to the problem, Design of loaded monopole,
Design of Yagi antenna,

Module 6:
Optimization and synthesis of printed antennas: GA and printed geometries, Design of
printed monopole and dipole.

Module 7:
Traditional approach to array thinning, Optimally thinned arrays, Two-element patch
array, scanning beam fed monopole and parasitic array.
Text Books:
1. Yahya Rahmat Samii, Eric Michielssen, Electromagnetic optimization by Genetic
Algorithm, Jhon Wiley And Sons, !999.
2. K. F. Man, K. S. Tang, S. Kwong, Genetic Algorithms: Concepts and Designs,
Spinger-Verlog, 1999.

Reference Books:
Kalyanmoy Deb, Optimization for Engineering Design, Algorithms and Examples,
PHI, 1998.
 TCS2021 PATTERN RECOGNITION AND IMAGE ANALYSIS

Module 1:-

Introduction:

Applications of Pattern Recognition, Statistical Decision Theory, Image Processing and

Analysis, The Internet, Pointers to the Literature.

Module 2 :-

Statistical Decision Making:

Introduction, Bayes Theorem, Multiple Features, Conditionally Independent Features,

Decision Boundaries, Unequal Costs of Error, Estimation of Error Rates, The Leaving- One-
Out Technique, Characteristic Curves, Estimating the Composition of Populations.

Module 3 :-

Nonparametric Decision Making:

Introduction, Histograms, Kernel and Window Estimators, Nearest Neighbor Classification

Techniques, Adaptive Discriminant Functions, Minimum Squared Error Discriminant
Functions.

Module 4:-

Clustering:

Introduction, Hierarchical Clustering, Partitional Clustering.

Module 5 :-

Artificial Neural Networks:

Introduction, Nets without Hidden Layers, Nets with Hidden Layers, The Back- Propagation
Algorithm, Hopfield Nets, An Application: Classifying Sex from Facial Images.

Module 6:-

Processing Of Waveforms And Images:

Introduction, Gray Level Scaling Transformations, Equalization, Geometric Image Scaling

and Interpolation, Smoothing Transformations, Edge Detection, Laplacian and Sharpening
Operators, Line Detection and Template Matching, Logarithmic Gray Level Scaling, The
Statistical Significance of Image Features.
Module 7:-

Image Analysis:

Introduction, Scene Segmentation and Labeling, Counting Objects, Perimeter Measurement,

Following and Representing Boundaries, Hough Transforms, Least Squares and
Eigenvector Line Fitting, Fourier Transforms.

Text Book:
E.Gose et.al- Pattern Recognition and Image Analysis, PHI, New Delhi- 2004.

Reference Books:
1. R.O.Duda et.al- Pattern Classification 2nd Edn, John Wiley, New York, 2002.
2. R.C.Gonzalez and R.E.Woods- Digital Image Processing, 2nd Edn, Pearson
Education, New Delhi- 2004.
3. M.Sonka et.al- Image Processing, Analysis, and Machine Vision- Vikas Publication,
New Delhi- 2003.
 II. INSTRUMENTATION & CONTROL ENGINEERING

MEC 1043 MICROPROCESSOR IN INSTRUMENTATION

Module- 1:

Introduction to 16-bit processor, Intel 8086 and 8088 Architecture, Pipeline Architecture,
Memory Segmentation, Memory address generation, I/O Port Addressing, Function of all
signals, Interrupts, Minimum and maximum modes.

Module- 2:

Addressing modes, Instruction Set in detail, Assembler Directives, Assembly Language

Programming tools, Programming examples, Macros, DOS functions.

Module- 3:

Peripheral chips like 8255 I/O chip, 8254 Timer, Interfacing 8086 with memory, Digital
and Analogue interfacing, 8251 USART, 8259 Priority Interrupt Controller, 8257 DMA
Controller, 8087 Numeric Co-processor Architecture.

Module- 4:

Architecture of 80186, Instruction set, Architecture of 80286, Processing units, Memory

Addressing modes, Protected Virtual Address mode, Descriptors and Selectors, Task
switching, Architecture of 80386, Functional units, Debug Registers, Test registers,
RISC mechanism, Instruction Pipelining Architecture of 80486 Processor, Internal
structure, Memory Management, The i486 Pipeline and Cache Register, The Pentium
Processor, The Pentium Registers, Flag Register, Control Registers, Registers of the
Floating point unit.

Module- 5:

Architecture of 68000 Motorola Processor, Addressing modes, Instruction set in detail.

Module- 6:

68000 Programming examples, Exception processing, General, Reset, Interrupt, Bus

Error and Address error Exception processing, Short and Long frames, Read, Write,
Read-modify-Write and Interrupt Timing diagrams.

Module- 7:
Architecture of peripheral devices like 6820/6821, Parallel Interface Adapter and 6850
Asynchronous Communication Serial Interface, Interfacing 68000 with 6820 and 6850,
Programming examples.

Text Books:
1. Microprocessor and Interfacing, Programming & Hardware. by Douglas Hall.
2. The INTEL 8086/8088, Microprocessor Architecture, Programming, Design &
Interfacing. 3/E by Bhupendra Singh Chhabra.
3. Advanced Microprocessor and Microcontrollers . by S. K. Venkata Ram.
4. iA Px 86, 88, 186 and 188 Users Manual (Intel).
5. 68000 Assembly Language Programming. by Lance. A. Leventhal
6. Some Real Microprocessors Osborn Series Vol. 1 and II.

Reference Books:
1. Microprocessor, Microcomputer and their application.. 2 /E by A.K.
Mukhopadhyay.
2. Advanced Microprocessor by Y. Rajasree
 MEC1045 ACTIVE NETWORKS

Module-1 :

Building blocks Using Op-amp:

Introduction to operational Amplifier as a building block, Conventional adders,
substractors, non-inverting and inverting adders, millers integrators, differentiators,
analogue computation, slew rate and offset, Millers theorem and its dual.

Module-2 :

Frequency Response and Multi I/P Circuits:

Dual input integrators and differentiators, sensitivity with respect to component variation,
frequency response concept of capacitor multiplication factor and its use in IC
fabrication, frequency response of op-amps, single pole and two pole approximation,
measurements of dc gain, Wa, Wb and , compensation.

Module-3:

Filters:
CCT, VCT, VVT and CVT, negative impedance converter, gyrators, GIC, nullator -
norator model, examples of LPF, HP, BP and BE filters, state variables, realization, all-
pass and notch-filter, higher order filters, FDNR.

Module-4:

Approximation:
Specification of a filter, Butterworth approximation, Clebyshev approximation,
comparison between Butterworth and Chebyshev transfer functions, frequency
transformation, low pass to high pass, low pass to band pass, low pass to bandn
elimination, other approximation.

Module-5:

Biasing technique in CMOS IC:

Current mirrors, simple current mirrors, source degenerated current mirrors, cascode
and Wilson current mirrors and bipolar current mirrors.

Module-6:

Current Mode Circuits:

Basic Design using current signals, advantages and disadvantages, current control
current source, CCI-Design, Current mode active circuits, Examples from filters.
Module-7:

Noise in Active Network:

Basic source of noise, thermal noise, short noise, white noise, 1/f noise, noise models
for active and passive elements, noise-minimization design, frequency and time domain
representation of noise and measurement of noise spectrum.

Text book:
Microelectronics circuits by A.S.Sendra & K.C.Smith, HRW series in Electrical and
computer Engineering Holt-Saunders Japan.

Reference Book:
Network Theory and Filter Design by V.K.Atre, Wiley Eastern Ltd.
 MEC 1047 SENSORS AND TRANSDUCERS

Module -1:

Introduction about sensors and transducers, Principles of operation and their

classification, characteristics of sensors.

Module - 2:

Conventional sensors Type :

Based on Resistive principles. Potentiometer and Strain Gauge.
Based on Inductive principles Ferromagnetic Plunge type, Inductance with a Short-
circuited sleeve. Transformer type, Electromagnetic Transducers.
Based on capacitive principles - The parallel plate capacitive sensor, Variable
Permittivity Capacitive Sensor, Stretched Diaphragm Variable Capacitive Transducer.
Electrostatic and Piezoelectric Transducers, Quartz Resonators and Ultrasonic Sensors.
Based on Magnetic principles. Magnetoresistive, Hall effect, Inductance and Eddy
current sensors. Angular/Rotary movement Transducer, Electromagnetic Flowmeter,
Pulse wire sensor and SQUID sensor.

Module - 3:

Thermal Sensors:
Acoustic Temp Sensor, Nuclear Thermometer, Magnetic Thermometer, Resistance
Change Type, Thermoemf, Junction Semiconductor Types, Thermal Radiation, Quartz
Crystal, NQR, Spectroscopic Noise Thermometry, Heat flux sensors.

Radiation Sensors:
Basic Characteristics, Photo-emissive Cell and Photomultiplier, Photoconductive Cell -
Photovoltaic and Photojunction Cell, Position-Sensitive Cell, X-ray and Nuclear
Radiation Sensors. Fibre, PHI Optic Sensors.

Module - 4:

Electroanalytical Sensors:
Introduction, Electro-chemical Cell, Cell potential, Sd. Hydrogen Electrode (SHE), Liquid
Junction and Other potentials, Polarization, Reference Electrodes, Sensor Electrodes,
Electro-Ceramics in Gas Media.
Module - 5:

Smart Sensors:
Introduction, Primary Sensors Excitation, Amplification, Fitters, Converters,
Compensation, Information Coding/Processing, Data Communication and Automation.

Module - 6:

Digital Transducers:
Digital Encoder, Shaft Encoder, Switches: Pressure, Level, Flow, Temperature,
Proximity Switches, Limit Switches and its types, Isolators (or Barriers).

Module -7:

Recent trends in sensor Technologies :

Introduction, Film Sensors, Semiconductor IC Technology, Microelectromechanical
System (MEMS), Nano Sensors, Application of Sensors : Automotive Sensors, Home
Appliance Sensors, Aerospace Sensors, Sensors for manufacturing, Medical Diagnostic
Sensors, Sensors for Environmental Monitoring.

Text Book:
Sensors and Transducers, 2/E By D. Patranabis

Reference Books:
1. Electrical & Electronics Measurements and Instrumentation By A.K.Shawhney,
Dhanpat Rai & Sons.
2. Electronics instrumentation By H. S. Kalsi [TMH]
 MEC 1049 BIOELECTRONIC INSTRUMENTATION

Module 1:

Fundamentals of medical instrumentation:

Electronics & Medicine , Introduction to Man-Instrumentation system and components,
mans Hierarchy of organization , Problems encountered in measuring a living system ,
Active & passive transducers , Important sensors & biomedical amplifiers.

Module 2:

Bioelectric potential & electrodes :

Resting and action potential, Nernst equation, origin at bioelectric potential, Recording
system with recorders ( ECG, VCG, PCG, EEG & EMG) , Electrode Theory ,
Biopotential electrodes, Bio-chemical transducer .

Module 3:

Measurements related to cardio vascular , respiratory & Nervous system :

Measurement of heart rate, pulse rate, blood volume, blood flow & heart sound.
Pulmonary function analyzers , Respinalvry gas analyzer, blood gas analyser & Spiro
meter.
Instrumentation for measuring anatomical and physiological parameters & brain.
Defibrillator & pacemaker
Noninvasive diagnostic instrumentation .

Module 4:

Medical imaging system:

Physics of X-ray , ultrasound, infrared and radioactivity, X-ray machine, CT scan , PET,
MRI, ultrasound imaging system, Thermography & thermal imaging system, diagnostic
ultrasound .

Module 5:

Computer application in medicine:

Computer in medical research & biomedical equipment, Biomedical application of DSP,
Nural network, Medical information (Application of IT, Telemedicine)

Module 6:

Electro optics & antennas for biomedical application, Idea of biomedical microelectro
mechanical structure :
Physics of fiber optics & laser Important lasers & its applications
Microstrip technology, Application.

Module 7:

Diathermy & electrical safety :

Microwave, Shortwave & ultrasonic diathermy
physiological effects at electric current, Micro shock & Macro shock, Accident
prevention.

Text Books:
1. Handbook of biomedical instrumentation by Khandpus
2. Biomedical Instrumentation & measurement by Cromwell
3. Principal of Medical electronics and biomedical instrumentation by C. Raju Rao and
S. K. Guha.

Reference Books:

1. Introduction to biomedical equipment technology by can & Brown

2. Medical instrumentation (Application & design) by Wehser.
3. Biomedical signal analysis by Rangyyan Can & Brown Wehsta
4. Biomedical digital signal processing by Wills J. Tompkine
5. Medical information by Mohan Bansal
6. Neural network and artificial intelligence for biomedical engineering by D.L.Hudson &
M.E.Cohen
7. Nonlinear biomedical signal processing
8. Antenna theory & practice by R. Chatterjee
 MEE 1001 MODERN CONTROL THEORY

1. Introduction
Systems, modelling, analysis and control, continuous-time and discrete-time.
(2)

2. State Variable Descriptions

Introduction, concept of state, state equations for dynamic systems, state
diagrams. (3)

3. Physical Systems & State Assignments

Linear continuous-time and discrete-time models, non-linear models, local
linearisation of non-linear model. (5)

4. Solution of State Equations

Existence and uniqueness of solution, linear time-invariant continuous-time state
equations, linear discrete-time state equations. (6)

5. Controllability & Observability

Concept of controllability & observability, controllability and observability tests for
continuous -time systems, controllability and observability of discrete-time
systems, canonical forms of state models.
(10)
6. State models and input-output descriptions
Input-output maps from state model and vice-versa, transfer matrix, output
controllability, reducibility. (6)

7. Stability
Stability concepts; liapunov stability analysis of linear time-invariant and time-
varying systems.
(5)
8. Modal Control
Introduction, Effect of state feedback on controllability and observability, pole
placement by state feedback; Full order observers, Reduced-order observers;
deadbeat control by state feedback, deadbeat observers. (8)

References :

1. Modern Control System Theory by M. Gopal

2. Linear Systems by Thomas Kailath.
3. Modern Control Engg. by K. Ogata.
 MEE 1017 OPTIMAL CONTROL SYSTEMS

Module 1:

Introduction :
Advantage of Linear Optimal Control, flow chart of linear optimal control technique,
Parameter optimization, Minimization problem, Tracking problem, Regulator problem.
Calculus of variation. Derivation of Eular-Lagrange equation. The problems of Lagrange,
Mayer and Bolza (7)

Module 2:

Calculus of variations of optimization of a first order dynamic process, Application of the

Eular-Lagrange Equation to a Linear, first order system. (6)

Module 3:

Formulation of the general nth-order system problem, The Hamiltonian formulation of

classical mechanics, Modified Transversality conditions at t = tf. (6)

Module 4:

Pontryagins maximum principle, Hamilton - Jacobi Equation, Solution of the finite - time
Regulator problem, Quadratic form of Performance Index, Infinite time Regulator
problem. (7)

Module - 5 :

Dynamic Programming :
Multistage decision process, Concept of sub-optimization and principle of optimality,
Recurrence relationship, computational procedure in dynamic programming
(6)
Module 6:

Parameter optimization. (7)

Module 7:

Adaptive Control System :

Adaptive Controllers, Identifications, Decision making, Modification, Application,
Classification : Passive, Active, Dynamic Adaptive Control Systems, Adaptive PI
controller for D.C. drive, Learning machine. (6)

Books Recommended:

1. Modern Control Theory - J.T. Tou

2. Modern Control System Theory - M.Gopal
3. Modern Control Engineering - K. Ogata
 MEE1021 NEURAL NETWORKS & APPLICATIONS

Module - 1
Introduction : Structure and foundation of Single Neuron, Neural Net Architectures,
Neural Learning Application, Evaluation of Networks, Implementation.
(6)

Module - 2
Supervised Learning - Single Layer Networks, Perceptions, Linear saparability,
Perception, Training algorithms, Guarantee of success, Modifications.
(5)

Module - 3
Multilayer Networks - Multilevel discrimination, preliminaries, backpropagation
algorithm, setting the parameter values, Accelerating the learning process, Applications,
RBF Network. (8)

Module - 4
Unsupervised learnings - Winner take all networks, learning vector quantizers, ART,
Topologically organised networks. (8)

Module - 5
Associative Models - Non-iterative procedures for Association, hopfield networks, Brain
state in a Box network, BAM, Boltzmann machines. (8)

Module - 6
Optimization Methods - Optimization using hopfield, Networks, Evolutionary.
(5)
Module - 7
Discussion of Neural Networks Application the areas of Pattern Recognition, control and
time series prediction. (5)

References :

1. Neural Networks : A Comprehensive Foundation

- Siman Haykin, IEEE, Press, MacMillan, N.Y. 1994.
2. Elements of Artificial Neural Networks
- Kishan Mehrotra, Chilakuri K. Mohan, Sanjay Ranka
(Penvam International Publishing (India)).
 MEE 1023 NON LINEAR CONTROL SYSTEMS

Module 1:

Introduction, Characteristics, Types of Non-linearistics, Linear approximation of

Nonlinear systems, Linearizing a nonlinear state-differential equation.
(6)
Module 2:

Phase-Plane Analysis:
Phase plane representation, Phase Potrait, Graphical Methods to obtain Phase
trajectory, Direct solution.

Module 3:

Singular Points Limit Cycles, Analysis of first order, second order systems, second order
with controlled damping factor, control system with nonlinear rate feedback, control
system with multiplicative nonlinearity. Accuracy and limitations, Applications.
(15)
Module 4:

Describing Function Analysis:

Definition, Derivation of Describing function for common nonlinear elements, Multiple
nonlinearities. Dual input Describing function, Accuracy and limitations, Application.
(8)
Module 5:

Stability Analysis:
Direct Method of Liapunov, Types of stabilities, Graphical representation of various
states of stability, Basic Theorems, Application, Methods of generating. Liapunov
Function;

Module 6:

Lures Method, Variable gradient method, Papov Method. (12)

Module 7:

Modern neuro-fuzzy approaches for solution of nonlinear systems.

Books Recommended :

1. J.C. Hsu and A.V. Meyer - Modern Control Principles and Applications.
2. D.P. Atherton - Nonlinear Control Systems.
 MEC 2055 MODERN INSTRUMENTATION SYSTEMS

Module 1 :

Review of Transducer, Principles of operations and its classification, Characteristics,

Technological trends in making transducers, Silicon sensors for the measurement of
pressure, level, flow and Temperature. Biosensors, application and types.

Module 2:

Introduction about Instrumentation system. Types of Instrumentation system. Data

acquisition system and its uses in intelligent Instrumentation system. Detail study of
each block involved in making of DAS, Signal conditioners as DA, IA, signal converters
(ADC), Sample and hold. Designing application for Pressure, Temperature
measurement system using DAS. Data logger.

Module 3 :

Introduction about Automation system. Concepts of Control Schemes, Types of

Controllers. Components involved in implementation of Automation system i.e., DAS,
DOS, Converter ( I to P ) and Actuators: Pneumatic cylinder, Relay, solenoid (Final
Control Element), Computer Supervisory Control System (SCADA), Direct Digital
Controls Structure and Software.

Module 4 :

Introduction about Distribution Digital Control, Functional requirements of process

control system, system architecture, Distributed Control systems, Configuration, Some
popular Distributed Control Systems. Industrial control applications like cement plant,
thermal power plant.

Module 5 :

Introduction about Intelligent controllers, Model based controllers, Predictive control,

Artificial Intelligent Based Systems, Experts Controller, Fuzzy Logic System and
Controller, Artificial Neural Networks, Neuro-Fuzzy Control system.
Module 6 :

Introduction to microcontroller 8051,its architecture, register, pin descriptions,

addressing modes, instruction set and simple programs.
Industrial application of micro controller- measurement applications, automation and
control applications.

Module 7 :

Introduction to telemetry, telemetry links, signal characterisations in time and frequency

domain, analog and digital signals. Data transmission systm,Advantages and
disadvantages of digital transmission over analog one. Time division multiplexing ,pulse
modulation, Digital modulation ,Pulse code modulation and Modem.

Text. Books:

1. Computer Based Industrial Control By Krishna Kant, PHI

2. Process Control Instrumentation By Curtis D. Johnson, Pearson Education

Reference Books:

1. Electrical & Electronics Measurements and Instrumentation By A.K.Shawhney,

Dhanpat Rai & Sons.
2. Electronics instrumentation By H. S. Kalsi [TMH]
3. Microcontroller (theory & application) By Ajaya V. Deshmukh [TMH]
4. Microcontrollers Architecture,Programming,Interfacing and System Design By Raj
Kamal, Pearson Education
 MEC 2057 PROGRAMMABLE LOGIC CONTROLLER

Module -1:

Introduction of PLC:
Its architecture and software used. Micro programmable logic controller : Overview of
selected Micro PLC ,Rockwell Automation Micro logix 1000 microcontroller , Siemens S7
200 micro PLC.

Module - 2:

Programming a Programmable Controller:

Desktop PC and PLC programming , Industrial computers, Industrial monitors ,Open
PLC systems , soft PLC or open architecture control, PLC to office Data base .

Module -3:

Introduction to PLC operation:

The digital concept , analog signals ,binary concept , binary data representation ,
correlation of 16-bit words to input signals , input status file , output status file , I/O
modules ,I/O interaction with I/O status life ,fixed PLC I/O addressing when I/O is
expanded ,PLC memory , application memory .

Module - 4:

Introduction to logic:
Conventional ladders versus PLC ladder logic, what is logic? Overview of logic
functions, analysis of Rung, priority of logic elements.

Module - 5:

Input and output model:

The modules characteristics and specifications, I/O module in Hazardous location, PLC
networking, power supply selection, I/O racks and expansion, PLC processors, Allen
Bradley SLC 500 Modular Processors.

Module -6:

PLC Instructions and Programming:

PLC data organization, the basic relay instructions, Modular SLC -500 instruction,
comparison and data handling instructions, sequencer instruction.
Module -7:

PLC documentation, Project Staffing and Commissioning.

Text. Books:
1. Programmable Logic Controllers Principles and Applications, By- John W. Webb
& Ronald A. Reis, Publisher- Prentice Hall
2. Programmable Logic Controllers: Programming methods and Application, By
Hackworth, Publisher- Pearson Education
3. Introduction to PLC, By- Gray Dunning, Publisher-Thomson Delmar Learning
 MEC 2059 ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND INTELLIGENT SYSTEMS

Module 1:

Overview of Artificial Intelligence, General Concept and Knowledge

Representation:
Definition, Concept and Importance of Artificial Intelligence, Knowledge, Knowledge-
Based Systems, Knowledge Acquisition, Representation, Organization, and
Manipulation, Syntax and Semantics, Inference Rules, The Resolution Principle, No
deductive Inference Methods, Representations Using Rules.

Module 2:

Inconsistencies, Uncertainties, Probabilistic Reasoning and Structured

Knowledge:
Truth Maintenance Systems, Default Reasoning and the Closed World Assumption,
Predicate Completion and Circumscription, Modal and Temporal Logics. Reasoning with
Uncertain Information, Bayesian Probabilistic Inference, Possible World
Representations, Dumpster-Shafer Theory, Ad-Hoc Methods, Graphs, Frames and
Related Structures, Associative Networks, Frame Structures, Conceptual Dependencies
and Scripts.

Module 3:

LISP and Other AI Programming Languages:

Introduction to LISP : Syntax and Numeric Function, Basic List Manipulation Functions in
LISP, Functions, Predicates, Conditionals and Binding, Input, Output and Local
Variables, Iteration and Recursion, Property Lists and Arrays, Miscellaneous Topics,
PROLOG and Other AI Programming Languages.

Module 4:

Object-Oriented Representations, Search and Control Strategies, Matching

Techniques
Overview of Objects, Classes, Messages and Methods, Simulation Example using an
OOS Program, Preliminary Concepts, Examples of Search Problems, Uninformed or
Blind Search, Informed Search, Searching And-Or Graphs, Structures Used in Matching,
Measures for Matching, Matching Like Patterns, Partial Matching,.

Module 5:

Knowledge Organization & Management and Expert Systems Architectures:

Indexing and Retrieval Techniques, Integrating Knowledge in Memory, Memory
Organization Systems, Rule Based System Architecture, Non-Production System
Architecture, Dealing with uncertainty, Knowledge Acquisition and Validation,
Knowledge System Building Tools.
Module 6:

Artificial Intelligent Systems:

Intelligent Agents, Communication among Agents, Search in State Spaces, Intelligent
Systems based on Fuzzy Logic and Artificial Intelligence, Expert Systems & Artificial
Intelligence, Machine Evolution and State Machines, Robot Vision.

Module 7:

Artificial Neural Networks:

Introduction and Benefits of Artificial Neural Networks (ANN), Elements and Architecture
of ANN, Learning Process (Paradigms and Algorithms), Applications of ANN Character
Recognition, Control Applications, Data Compression, Self Organizing Semantic Maps.

Text Books:
1. Nilsson, Nils J. Artificial Intelligence A new Synthesis (Morgan Kaufmann
Publishers)
2. Rich - Artificial Intelligence (Mc Graw Hill Education)
3. Charniak Introduction to Artificial Intelligence (Pearson Education)
4. Patterson, Dan W. - Introduction to Artificial Intelligence and Expert Systems
(Pearson Education)

Reference Books:
1. Winston, P.H. Winston - Artificial Intelligence (Addison Wesley, New Delhi)
2. Rolston, D.W. - Principles of AI & Expert System Development, (TMH, New Delhi)
3. Rusell Artificial Intelligence: A modern Approach (Pearson Education)
4. Wise Artificial Intelligence (Hands-on AI with Java: Smart Gaming, Robotics and
More) ((Mc Graw Hill Education)
5. Schalkoff, Robert J. - Artificial Neural Net Works (Mc Graw Hill Education)
6. Giarratano, Joseph & Riley, Gary Expert Systems: Principles and Programming
(Thomson Brooks/Cole)
7. Jackson, Peter Introduction to Expert Systems (Pearson Education)
8. Luger Artificial Intelligence (Pearson Education)
 MEC 2061 PROCESS CONTROL INSTRUMENTATION

Module -1:

Introduction to process control, Examples of surge tank, shower, Use of instrumentation

in Process control, Process model and dynamic behaviour.

Fundamental model:
Back ground, Reason of modelling, Lumped parameter system models, Balanced
equation, Material balances, Form of dynamic model.

Module - 2:

Introduction to feedback control:

Digital and Analog Controller (On Off control, Proportional, Integral and Derivative
control), Development of control system block diagram, Reason of set point changes.

PID controller tuning forms :

Ziglar-nichols open loop method., Cohen-Coon parameters.

Module- 3:

Internal model control:

Introduction to model control, Static control law, Dynamic control law, Practical open
loop controller design, Generation of open-loop controller design procedure, model
uncertainty and disturbances.

Module - 4:

Cascade and feed forward control:

Background, Introduction to cascade control, cascade control analysis and design, feed
forward control, feed forward control design, examples of feed forward control.

Module - 5:

Complex control schemes:

Ratio control, selective and over ride control, split -range control, multivariable control.
Module - 6:

Plant wide control and Model predictive control:

Steady state and dynamic effect of recycle, compressor control, Heat exchanger, the
control and optimisation hierarchy. Optimisation problem, dynamics matrix control
(DMC), multi variable system.

Module - 7:

Instrumentation for special process:

A brief study of instrumentation and control relevant to some of the following industries:
cement, petrochemicals, steel, paper, Fertilizer and power plants

Text Books:
1. Process control: Modelling Design and simulation, By B.Wayne Bequette,Wayne B
Bequette
2. Principle of Industrial Instrumentation By D. Patranabis, TMH publications
3. Principles of Process Control By D. Patranabis, TMH publication
 MEC 2063 SPEECH PROCESSING AND RECOGNITION

Module -1:

SPEECH PRODUCTION AND CLASSIFICATION OF SPEECH SOUNDS

Introduction, Speech Production Process, Digital Models, Representing Speech in Time

and Frequency domains, Speech Sounds and Features, Vowels, Semivowels,
Diphthongs, Consonants, Fricatives, Stops, Lateral, Bilabial, Alveolar, Retroflex

Module -2:

TIME & FREQUENCY DOMAIN ANALYSIS OF SPEECH PROCESSING

Time Domain Parameters of Speech, Methods for Extracting the Parameters with Zero
Crossing, Auto Correlation Function, Short-Time Fourier Analysis, Spectrographic
Analysis, Formants Extraction, Pitch Estimation Methods

Module -3:

SIGNAL PROCESSING AND ANALYSIS METHODS FOR SPEECH RECOGNITION

Requirements of Pre-processing, Linear predictive coding model for Speech

Recognition, LPC Model, LPC analysis equations, Autocorrelation Method, Covariance
Method, LPC processor for Speech Recognition, Mel Frequency Cepstral Coefficients

Module - 4:

DIMENSION REDUCTION METHODS

Introduction, Elements Of Vector Quantization Implementation, K-Means Clustering

Algorithm, Binary Split Algorithm, Linear Discriminant Analysis, Two Category Case,
Multicategory Case, Genaralized Linear Discriminant Functions, Fisher Linear
Discriminant, Introduction to Principal Component Analysis

Module - 5:

PATTERN COMPARISON TECHNIQUES

Introduction, Distortion Measures, Spectral-Distortion Measures: Log Spectral Distance,

Cepstral Distances, Weighted Cepstral Distances and Liftering, Time Alignment and
Normalization, Dynamic time warping

Module - 6:

HIDDEN MARKOV MODELS

Introduction, Discrete-Time Markov Process, Extensions to HMM, Elements of HMM,

Basic Problems for HMM and their solutions, Types of HMMs, Comparisons of HMMS,
Implementation Issues for HMMs, Improving the Effectiveness of Model Estimates, HMM
System for Isolated Word Recognition

Module - 7:

RECOGNITION

Introduction, Components of Speech Recognizer, Extracting Speaker Characteristics

from the Speech Signal, Selection of Features: Acoustic Measurements, Linguistic
Measurements, Speaker Models: Vector Quantization Modeling, Gaussian Mixture
Models, Decision and Performance: Decision Rules, Threshold Setting and Score
Normalization

Text Books:
1. Fundamentals of Speech Recognition by Lawrence Rabiner, Biing Hwang Juang
Pearson Education.

2. Digital processing speech signals, by L. R. Rabiner and R. E. Schafer, Pearson

Education.

Reference Books:
1. Springer Handbook of Speech Processing by Jacob Benesty, M. Mohan Sondhi,
Yiteng Huang, Springer-2008.
2. References from IEEE Journals on Speech and Audio Signal Processing.
 MEC 2065 EXPERT AND FUZZY SYSTEMS

Module 1:

Basic Concept and Architecture of Expert Systems, Knowledge Representation,

Reasoning and Inference:
Overview and Elements of Experts Systems, Rule-based Expert System, Problem
Selection, Knowledge Acquisition, Knowledge Representation, Knowledge Engineering,
Inference Engine, Forward and Backward Chaining, Characteristics, Advantages and
Applications of Expert Systems.

Module 2:

Methods of Inference:
Reasoning under Uncertainty, Trees, Lattices and Graphs, Production Rules, AND/OR
Trees, Binary/Multiple Decision Tree, Finite State Machine, Fuzzy Truth Band and
Membership Function.

Module 3:

Expert Systems Shells, Development Life Cycle and Applications:

Expert Systems Shells, Human Factors considerations for Expert Systems Shells,
Expert System Development Life Cycle - Knowledge Definition, Design, Development,
Verification, Validation & Evaluation of Expert Systems, Instructing Expert Systems into
the Organization and Future Trends.

Module 4:

Fuzzy Sets and Fuzzy Logic:

Definition of Fuzzy Sets, Operations & Properties of Fuzzy Sets, Fuzzy Relations,
Converse Fuzzy Sets, Fuzzy Logic, Fuzzy Rules, Fuzzy Implications and Approximation.

Module 5:

Probability of Fuzzy Events & Certainty Factors:

Probability Measure of Fuzzy Events, Belief & Disbelief and Plausibility Measures,
Possibility and Necessity Measures, Possibility, Relationship among Classes of Fuzzy
Measure, Certainty/Uncertainty and Conflict Resolution, Expert and Inexact Reasoning
in Fuzzy Expert System, Approximate Reasoning,
Module 6:

Application of Fuzzy Logic & Design of Expert System:

Fuzzy Logic Control, Architecture for Fuzzy Control, Fuzzy Knowledge-based controller,
Fuzzy Models, Fuzzification and Defuzzification, Application of Expert & Fuzzy System
in Mobile Robot Navigation and Communication Engineering, Fuzzy Logic and Artificial
Intelligence, Neural Networks and Fuzzy Logic.

Module 7:

Fuzzy Logic in Database and Information Systems:

Fuzzy Logic in Database Systems, Fuzzy Relational Data Model, Applications of Fuzzy
Relational Data Bases, Fuzzy Logic in Pattern Clustering & Recognition, Fuzzy
Information Retrieval and the Web Search.

Text Books:
1. Giarratano, Joseph & Riley, Gary Expert Systems: Principles and Programming
(Thomson Brooks/Cole)
2. Jackson, Peter Introduction to Expert Systems (Pearson Education)
3. Yen, John & Langari, Reza Fuzzy: Intelligence, Control, and Information ((Pearson
Education)
4. Klir, George J, & Yuan, Bo - Fuzzy Sets and Fuzzy Logic Theory and Applications
(Prentice Hall of India Pvt. Ltd.)

Reference Books:
1. Liebowitz, Jay An Introduction to Expert Systems (McGraw Hill)
2. Negoita, C. N. Expert Systems and fuzzy systems (Benjamin publication)
3. Kandel, A. Fuzzy Math Techniques with appl. (Addition Wesley, 1986)
4. Russak, N. Y. Fuzzy Switching and Automate Theory & application.
5. Klir, G. J. & Folger, T. A. Fuzzy Sets uncertainty and information (PHI, 1988).
 MEC2067 VHDL & VERILOG

Module 1:

Introduction to VHDL:
System design with uses, History of VHDL, Simulation fundamentals, Modelling
hardware, and Language basics, Building blocks in VHDL, Design units and library.

Module 2:

Sequential Processing:
Process statement, Signal vs variable assignment, Sequential statements, For loop,
While loop, Condition statements, Examples of half adder and full adder, Test bench.

Module 3

Data Types and Subprograms:

Data types, Scalar, Composite, Access type, File type; Arrays; Objects, Signal variables,
Constants and files, Association lists, Interface lists, Structural description, Examples.
Subprogram, Functions, Conversion function, Resolution functions, Procedures.

Module 4:

Packages and VHDL Synthesis:

Packages, Package declaration, deferred constants, Subprogram declaration.
Simple gate - concurrent assignment, IF control flow statement, Case control flow
statement, Simple sequential statements, Asynchronous reset, Asynchronous preset
and clear, Complex sequential statements.

Module 5:

Introduction to Verilog:
Synthesis and Synthesis in a design process, logic value system, Bit-widths, value
holder and hardware modelling, Continuos assignment statement, Procedural
assignment statement, Logical operator, arithmetic operator, relational operators, shift
operators, vector operations, bit-selects, if statement, case statement, more on inferring
latches, loop statement, Latch with preset and clear, modelling flip-flops, functions,
tasks, gate level modelling.

Module 6:

Modelling:
Modelling of combinational, sequential logic and memory, Writing a Boolean expression,
modelling a FSM and universal shift register, Modelling of a counter and ALU, modelling
of parameterized adder, comparator and parity generator, Modelling of a decoder,
multiplexer, and three state gate, factorial, UART, Blackjack model.

Module 7:

Model Optimizations and Verification

Resource allocation, common sub-expressions, moving code, common factoring,
commutativity and associativity, flip-flop and latch optimizations, design size. A test
bench, delays in assignment statements, unconnected ports, missing latches, More on
delays, event list, synthesis directives, blocking and non-blocking assignments.

Text Books:
1. VHDL by Douglas Perry, TMH, 1999.

Reference Books:

1. VERILOG HDL SYNTHESIS, by J. Bhasker, BS Publication 2004.

2. Fundamental of Digital Logic with VERILOG DESIGN, by Stephen Brown I Zvonko
Vranesic, The McGraw-Hill Companies.
3. VERILOG HDL, A Guide to Digital Design and Synthesis, by Prabhu Goel,
 MEC 2069 APPLICATION SPECIFIC INTEGRATED CIRCUIT DESIGN

Module-1

Introduction to ASICs and CMOS Logic:

Types of ASICs, Design Flow, case study, Economics of ASICs, ASIC Cell library.
CMOS Transistors, the CMOS Process, Sequential Logic Cell, data path logic cell.

Module-2

ASIC Library Design, Programmable ASIC Cell and ASIC I/O Cells :

Transistors as Resistors, Transistor parasitic capacitance, logic effort. The antifuse,

Static RAM, EPROM and EEPROM Technology, practical issues, specifications, Prep-
bench marks, FPGA Economics. DC Output, AC Output, DC Input, AC Input, Power
Input, Clock Input, Xilinx I/O Block, Other I/O Cells.

Module-3

Programmable ASIC Design Tools and Low Level Design Entry:

Design Synthesis (Xilinx LCA, Actel ACT, Altera MAX 5000, 9000), Logic Synthesis, The
half gate ASIC, schematic entry, low level design languages, PLA Tools, EDIF, CFI
design representation.

Module-4

Logic Synthesis and Simulation:

A logic synthesis example, a comparator/ MUX, inside a logic synthesizer, synthesis of

the Viterbi decoder, Types of simulation, Logic Systems, How logic simulation works,
Cell Models, Delay Models, static timing analysis, formal verification, switch level
simulation, transistor level simulation, transistor level simulation.

Module-5

ASIC Testing and Construction:

The important of test, boundary scan test, faults, faults simulation, automatic test pattern
generation, scan test, built-in self-test, a simple test example, the Viberti decoder
example. Physical design, CAD tools, system partitioning, estimated ASIC size, power
dissipation, FPGA partitioning, partitioning methods.
Module-6

ASIC High Level Design Flow, Floorplaning, Placement and Routing:

RTL simulation, VHDL synthesis, Functional gate level verification, Place and route,
Post layout timing simulation, Static timing. Floor planing, placement, physical design
flow, information formats. Routing Global routing, detailed routing, Special Routing
Circuit extraction and DRC.

Module-7

ASIC Tools:

Introduction to Cadence, Analogue design environment, DC analysis, Transient analysis,

Frequency domain analysis, Noise analysis, Layout tools, Design rule check, Layout vs
schematic.

Text Book:
Application Specific Integrated Circuits, by Michael John Sebastian Smith, Pearson
Education Asia.

Reference Books:
1. Cadence Design Systems, Cadence Tutorial: 2003
2. VHDL, by Douglas Perry, TMH, 1999.
 MEE 2003 OPTIMIZATION IN ENGINEERING DESIGN

Module 1:

Introduction:
Optimal problem formulation, Design variables constraints, Objective function, Variable
bounds, Engineering optimization problems, Optimization algorithms.
(4)
Module 2:

Single-variable optimization algorithm:

Optimality Criteria, Bracketing methods : Exhaustive search methods, Region -
Elimination methods; Interval halving method, Fibonacci search method, Point-
estimation method; Successive quadratic estimation method.
(5)
Module 3:

Gradient-based methods :
Newton-Raphson method, Bisection method, Secant method, Computer programmes.
(5)

Module 4:

Multivariable optimization algorithm:

Optimality criteria, Unidirectional search, Direct search methods : Evolutionary
optimization method, Simplex search method, Hooke-Jeeves pattern search method
(5)

Module 5:

Gradient based methods :

Cauchys (Steepest descent) method, Newtons method.
(8)
Module 6:

Constrained optimization algorithm:

Charecteristics of a constrained problem. Direct methods : The complex method, Cutting
plane method, Indirect method : Transformation Technique, Basic approach in the
penalty function method, Interior penalty function method, Convex method.
(8)

Module 7:

Nontraditional optimization algorithm:

Genetic Algorithm, Working principles, GAs for constrained optimization, Other GA
operators, Advanced GAs, Differences between GAs and traditional methods, Computer
programmes.
Simulated anneating method, working principles, Computer programmes. (10)
Books Recommended:

1. Optimization for Engineering Design - Kalyanmoy Deb.

2. Optimization Theory and Applications - S.S. Rao.
3. Analytical Decision Making in Engineering Design - Siddal.