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CHNG IV

NH HNG CA NHIT LN TC PHN NG

I. M U

II. MT S QUY TC KINH NGHIM

1. H s nhit

2. Phng trnh Van'tHoff

3. Trong khong nhit rng, ngi ta cn s dng phng php kinh nghim

III. PHNG TRNH ARRHENIUS

1. Phng trnh thc nghim v c s l thuyt ca Arrhenius

2. Thit lp phng trnh Arrhenius dng (4.8)

IV. NGHA CA NNG LNG HOT NG

Bi tp chng IV

CHNG IV

NH HNG CA NHIT LN TC PHN NG

I. M U

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Hnh 4.1: S ph thuc ca tc vo nhit

II. MT S QUY TC KINH NGHIM

1 H s nhit TOP

2 Phng trnh Van'tHoff TOP

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3 Trong khong nhit rng, ngi ta cn s dng phng php kinh nghim TOP

III. PHNG TRNH ARRHENIUS

1 Phng trnh thc nghim v c s l thuyt ca Arrhenius TOP

S tng t ni trn m ng cho Arrhenius i ti xy dng mt c s l thuyt cho phng trnh

kinh nghim ca mnh.

C s l thuyt gm 4 gi nh:

Gi nh th nht l gi nh c bn ca Arrhenius, cho rng: khng phi tt c mi phn t u c

th phn ng m ch nhng phn t no dng hot ng (*) (hay dng tautom) th mi c kh nng phn
ng c hiu qu. Dng phn t hot ng c hnh thnh t cc phn t phn ng bnh thng nh
hp th nng lng di dng nhit.

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2 Thit lp phng trnh Arrhenius dng (4.8) TOP

Da vo quan im nhit ng hc (phng trnh ng p, ng tch ca phn ng ha hc) ta c

th biu din s ph thuc ca hng s cn bng vi nhit dng chung:

y K - hng s cn bng ca phn ng, (H nhit ca phn ng.

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iu c ngha l khi nhit tng th k tng hay tc phn ng tng. Phng trnh Arrehnius
gii thch c ti sao khi nhit tng tc phn ng tng. iu c minh ha bng hnh (4.2).

Cn h thc (4.9) v dng ng biu din ca n (ng thng i vi phn ng n gin) cng
phn nh quy lut, s thay i tc phn ng theo nhit , tc l tc phn ng (c th l hng ss
tc ) thay i nh th no theo nhit .

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IV. NGHA CA NNG LNG HOT NG HA

Theo Arrehnius, ch c nhng phn t no c nng lng d ti thiu so vi nng lng trung bnh
ca phn t th mi c kh nng c phn ng hiu qu. Nng lng gi l nng lng hot ha.

Ni cch khc, nng lng hot ng ha l phn nng lng d ca mi phn t cn c lc

phn ng dn n bin ha ha hc (ngoi ra c th trnh by ngha nng lng hot ng ha theo
quan im thuyt v chm hot ng v phc hot ng, s nghin cu sau).

Ta c th hnh dung nng lng hot ng ha theo gin sau:

Hnh 4.3: Nng lng hot ng ha ca phn ng.

ng cong gi l ng phn ng.

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H chuyn t trng thi I (A + B) sang trng thi II (X + Y) c km theo s pht hay thu nhit. Nu
k hiu:

Bi tp chng IV

1. Dng kim x phng ha etyl axetat, thu c:

T (oK) 273 293 298

k (mol-1,l,ph-1) 1,17 5,08 6,65

a) Xc nh nng lng hot ng ha ca phn ng.

b) Tnh thi gian bn hy ca phn ng khi nng ban u ca Este v kim bng nhau v bng:
0,025 mol/l, 0,0125 mol/l.

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