Bi ging thc hnh ha l _ 2013

Bi 5:
IU CH CC H KEO V KHO ST MT S
TNH CHT CA CHNG
Tin hnh th nghim:
1. Ch to Son S v Son colophan (nha thng rn) bng phng
php th dung mi.
a) Ch to mt dung dch bo ho lu hunh trong ru etylic
bng cch lc mnh cho S ho tan n bo ho ri lng phn S
cn tha. Ly 5 ml dung dch ny nh chm (va nh va khuy) vo
20ml nc ct. S khng tan trong nc, nn khi phn tn vo nc,
cc phn t lu hunh s ngng t li thnh nhng ht c kch thc
c ht keo. Cht lm bn l mt sn phm oxi ho ru v nhng tp
cht vi lng c sn trong lu hunh. Ht keo lu hunh tch in m
v rt d keo t bng cc cht in li (dng dung dch mt cht in li
no , th xem!).
b) Ch to mt dung dch 2% clphan trong ru. Nh t t 2 ml
dung dch ny (va nh va khuy mnh) vo 20 ml nc ct, ta s
c Son clphan trong nc. Ht ko clphan tch in m.
Phng php ch tao Son S v Son clphan nh trn gi l
phng php thay th dung mi, trong nc thay th cho ru
lm dung mi cho Son hnh thnh. Phng php thay th dung mi
thuc loi phng php ngng t.
Bi ging thc hnh ha l _ 2013
2. Ch to Son AgI bng phn ng trao i
Son trong nc c ch to bng phn ng sau:

Cht n nh c th l hoc Khi dng d ht keo s

tch in dng do vic hp ph cc ion lm ion quyt nh th
hiu v khi dng d ht keo s tch im m do vic hp ph cc ion
lm ion quyt nh th hiu.
Ly vo bnh tam gic (c dung tch 50 100ml) 20ml dung dch
AgNO3 0.01N. Nh t t vo bnh (vo nh va lc) 2ml dung dch KI
0.01N.
Ly vo bnh tam gic (c trn) 20ml dung dch KI 0.01N. Nh t
t vo bnh (vo nh va lc) 2ml dung dch AgNO3 0.01N.
Li ly vo hai bnh, mt ng 20ml dung dch AgNO3 0.01N,
mt bnh ng 20ml dung dch KI 0.01N. Trn t t vo nhau.
Nhn xt hin tng trong c ba trng hp ? Dng que d in xc
nh du ca cc Son to thnh.
Que d in: Ly 2 tm Zn v Cu (kch thc c 1cm x 5cm) t cch
nhau t 5 x 10mm. Ni 2 tm vi nhau bng dy dn (hnh 2).
Khi mun d in tch ca ht keo th nhng hai tm vo dung dch
keo. Khi ta s c mt pin vi in cc dng l Cu v cc m l Zn.
Cc ht keo tch in s di chuyn v cc cc. Sau khong 15 pht, rt
ln quan sat xem ht keo bm vo cc no. Xc nh du in ca ht
keo.
Bi ging thc hnh ha l _ 2013

3. Ch to keo bng phng php thy phn.

Da vo phn ng:

un nng (n khong 900C) 120ml nc ct trong mt cc 250ml, nh

vo cc tng git cho n ht 45ml dung dch 2%. un thm vi
pht trn bp (khng un si mnh trnh nc b bc hi nhiu lm
nng h keo thay i), nhc ra, ta c son c mu nu
m. H keo c hnh thnh c cng thc cu to nh sau:

H keo c quan st bng hp chiu sng thy hnh nn

Tin-an. Hy d du in ca ht keo. Hy thc hin s thm tch
bng mng bn thm cellophan (giy bng knh) ngay sau khi Son
Bi ging thc hnh ha l _ 2013
iu ch c cn nng (khi lm ngui phn ng din ra theo chiu
nghch).
4. Ch to nh tng v s o pha nh tng
Dng lc c hc (khuy, lc) ch to nh tng du ha (k hiu D)
trong nc (k hiu N). Cht nh ha l natri oleat (tc l x phng
thng) C17H33COONa. Ly 10ml dung dch x phng vo mt bnh nn
c 100ml. Cho vo 10ml du ha. Lc na ting lin tc, ta s thu
c nh tng D/N (tc l nh tng thun).
Nu thay oleat Na, dng oleat Ca th ta s thu c nh tng N/D
(tc nh tng nghch). Hy nh 20ml dung dch CaCl2 0.2M vo nh
tng thun mi ch to, nhm chuyn oleat Na thnh oleat Ca tan trong
du, lc trong na gi lin tc, nh tng thu c l nh tng N/D,
cch lm trn gi l cch o pha nh tng. quan st nh tng l
thun hay nghch ta dng mt trong hai cch sau y:
a) Ly mt mt knh, nh ln mt git nh tng v mt git
nc gn k nhau, dng que tm gt cho hai git tip xc vi nhau. Ta
c nhn xt g ?
b) Nu c knh hin vi th ta dng mt cht mu ch tan trong
mt cht lng (nc hoc du). Sudan III tan trong D m khng tan
trong N. Trc khi lc hy thm 5 git Sudan III (ho tan sn trong
ru). Khi thnh nh tng, ly mt git soi di knh hin vi s
bit D b nhum l pha phn tn hay mi trng phn tn.
Bi ging thc hnh ha l _ 2013
5. Xc nh ngng keo t ca son bng Na2SO4 (hoc
K2SO4)
Ly 12 ng nghim nh s ng t 1 n 12, cho vo mi ng
5ml dung dch Son Fe(OH)3. T dung dch Na2SO4 ban u c nng
0,01N pha thnh c dung dch long dn theo th t sau:

ng s
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
Dung dch
S ml Na2SO4
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
0.01N

S ml nc ct 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

Ly 1 ml ca mi dung dch va pha cho vo tng ng nghim

ng Son Fe(OH)3 theo th t t 1 n 11. ng th 12 thm 1 ml
nc ct. Lc v yn 1 pht. Quan st. Dng ng th 12 so snh
mc c. ng no c hn ng s 12 l c s keo t. Ghi du (+)
vo ng no c v du (-) vo ng no khng c, theo bng mu
sau:

ng s 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

(-)..(+)....(+)
Bi ging thc hnh ha l _ 2013

Bi 6: NG HP PH NG NHIT
Tin hnh th nghim:
Phng th nghim c sn dung dch CH3COOH vi nng gn
ng 1N, hy pha c 100ml cc dung dch c nng gn ng sau
y:
0.025N ; 0.05N ; 0.1N ; 0.2N ; 0.4N ; 0.5N
Dng dung dch xt chun (nng 0.05) chun li cc dung dch
trn vi ch th phenolphtalein v ghi ly cc nng chnh xc.
Ly mi ln cho 50ml cho vo mt bnh nn c 250ml ri cn 6 mu
than hot tnh, mi mu 1gam (cn chnh xc), cho vo bnh nn . Lc
5 pht, yn 25 pht. Lc bng dung dch xt chun dng trn hai
ln.
Ch : Khi chun (c hai ln) nn ly dung dch 1; 2: 20ml, dung dch
3: 10ml, dung dch 4: 5ml, dung dch 5, 6: 2ml; thm nc ct cho
20ml (t dung dch 3 tr i) ri mi chun. Kt qu bng trung bnh
cng hai ln chun (sai s phi < 3%)
Tnh ton:
1) Hy tnh s mili ng lng axit b than hot tnh hp th.

Cng thc tnh: trong v

l nng axit trc v sau khi hp th

Bi ging thc hnh ha l _ 2013
2) Tnh xem mi gam than hot tnh hp th bao nhiu miki ng
lng axit ?

y: l hp th .
l lng cht hp ph.
3) Ly
4) Lp bng s liu theo bng mu sau:

Nng ban Nng

STT
u sau

Hy v th nh hnh 2 v hnh 4 tm cc hng s trong phng

trnh Freundlich v Langmuir.

V ly mt s nng tun t tng dn (t 0.05 0.5N), tnh gi tr

v tng ng. Vit kt qu di dng bng s ri v cc ng hp
ph ng nhit cho cc trng hp: 1 ng thc nghim; 2 phng
trnh Freundlich v 3 - Langmuir.
C nhn xt g v cc ng ng nhit hp ph ?
CU HI:
Bi ging thc hnh ha l _ 2013
1) ng ng nhit Freundlich c dng nh th no khi

. Trong mi trng hp, hin tng hp ph xy ra nh

th no?
2) ng ng nhit Langmuir c dng th no nng tht nh?
tht ln? iu kin no phng trnh Langmuir v Freundlich
c dng tng t nhau?

Bi lm mang tnh tng i c g sai st mong bn

c b sung:

MTTCQ
Bi ging thc hnh ha l _ 2013

Bi lm:

Bi 5:
IU CH CC H KEO V KHO ST MT S
TNH CHT CA CHNG
Kt qu th nghim:
Th nghim 1: Ch to Son S v Son colophan bng phng php th dung
mi.
1. Son S.
Khi cho dung dich bo ha S trong ru etylic vo nc th to thnh h
keo, mang in tch m (-) v h keo c ht keo bm ln cc Cu, h keo c
mu vng c.
2. Son colophan
Khi cho colophan pha trong ru vo nc to thnh h keo, mang in
tch m (-) v h keo c ht keo bm ln cc Cu, h keo c mu en xm.
Th nghim 2: Ch to Son AgI bng phn ng trao i.
AgNO3 + KI = AgI + KNO3
Ly vo bnh tam gic 20 ml dung dch AgNO3 0.01N. Nh t t vo
bnh 2 ml dung dch KI 0.01N.
Hin tng dung dch mu tm c. Dng que d in th ht keo bm
xung quanh Zn nn ht keo mang in tch m (+).
Bi ging thc hnh ha l _ 2013
Ly vo bnh tam gic 20ml dung dich KI 0.01N. Nh t t 2ml dung
dch AgNO3 0.01N vo .
Hin tng dung dch mu tm nht c. Dng que th d in th
khng c hin tng ht keo khng bm vo 1 trong 2 cc.
Ly vo 2 bnh, 1 bnh ng 20ml dung dch AgNO3 0.01N, 1 bnh
ng 20ml dung dch KI 0.01N trn t t vo nhau.
Hin tng dung dch c mu c. Dng que th in th ht keo bm
vo Zn nn ht keo mang in tch dng (+).
Th nghim 3: Ch to keo FeCl3 + 3H2O = Fe(OH)3 + 3HCl.
un nng 900C 120ml nc ct trong 1 cc 250ml, nh vo cc tng git
cho n ht 45ml dd FeCl3 2%. un thm vi pht trn bp nhc ra, ta c
son Fe(OH)3 c mu nu m h keo c hnh thnh c cng thc cu to:

Th nghim 4: Ch to nh tng v s o pha nh tng.

Ly 10ml dd x phng vo 1 bnh nn 100ml cho vo 10ml du ha.
Lc na gi th thy hin tng dung dch si bt c mu trng c. y l
nh tng D/N (nh tng thun).
Nh 20ml dd CaCl2 0.2M vo nh tng trn nhm chuyn ha oleat
Na thnh oleat Ca tan trong du, lc na gi th thy dung dch khng cn si
bt v c mu trng hi c. y l nh tng N/D (nh tng nghch).
Khi ly mt knh v nh ln 1 git nc v 1 git nh tng gn k
nhau dung que tm gt cho 2 git ny tip xc vi nhau th thy : nc v
nh tng ha tan vo nhau.
 Bi ging thc hnh ha l _ 2013
Th nghim 5: Xc nh ngng keo t ca Son Fe(OH)3 bng Na2SO4 (hoc
K2SO4).
Ly 12 ng nghim nh s 1 n 12 cho vo mi ng 5ml dung dch Son
Fe(OH)3. T dung dch Na2SO4 ban u c nng 0.01N pha thnh cc
dung dch long dn theo th t sau:

S ng
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
Dung dch
S ml Na2SO4 0.01N 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
S ml nc ct 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
Ly 1ml ca mi dd va pha cho vo tng ng nghim ng Son Fe(OH)3
theo th t t 1 n 11. ng th 12 thm 1ml nc ct. Lc v yn 1 pht
Quan st. Dng ng th 12 so snh mc c. ng no c hn ng s
12 l c s keo t. Ghi du + vo ng no c v du vo ng no c theo
bng mu sau.
Sau khi tin hnh qu trnh th nghim thu c kt qu sau:

ng s 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
- - - - - - - + + + + +

Nng dung dch Na2SO4:

Ngng keo t:
Bi ging thc hnh ha l _ 2013
Kt qu tt hn nu chng ta tm ngng keo t chnh xc hn. Cch tin
hnh nh sau:
ng 8 bt u kt ta: Nn dch dch t hn c xc nh.
o S ml Na2SO4 cn ly:

o S ml nc ct cn ly:

ng 7 dng pha dung dch long hn.

o S ml Na2SO4 cn ly:

o S ml nc ct cn ly:

Kt qu thu c:

ng s 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
- - - - + + + + + + + +
 Bi ging thc hnh ha l _ 2013

Bi 6: NG HP PH NG NHIT
kt qu th nghim:

Nng ban Nng

STT
u sau

1 0.02525 0.0235 0.0875 0.0875 -1.06 -1.63 0.270

2 0.05050 0.0450 0.2750 0.2750 -0.56 -1.35 0.164

3 0.11700 0.1050 0.6000 0.6000 -0.22 -.098 0.175

4 0.25100 0.2290 1.1000 1.1000 0.04 -.064 0.210

5 0.47750 0.4325 2.2500 2.2500 0.35 -0.36 0.190

6 0.57250 0.5350 1.8750 1.8750 0.27 -0.27 0.290

Bi ging thc hnh ha l _ 2013

PHNG TRNH HNG S LANGMUIR

0.31
Nng sau C (N)
0.29
0.27
0.25
0.23
Series1
0.21
Linear (Series1)
0.19
0.17
0.15
0.024 0.045 0.105 0.229 0.433 0.535
T l C/

Dng my tnh b ti bm ta c:

Nu bn no tnh c trong excel th cng tt.

T phng trnh hng s langmuir. Ta c:

Langmuir:
C 0.05 0.10 0.20 0.40 0.50
A 1.04 1.90 3.24 4.99 5.59
 Bi ging thc hnh ha l _ 2013

PHNG TRNH HNG S FREUNDLICH

0.6
0.4
0.2

LogA
0
Series1 -1.63 -1.35 -0.098 -0.064 -0.36 -0.27 -0.2
-0.4
Linear (Series1)
-0.6
-0.8
-1
-1.2
LogC
Dng my tnh b ti bm ta c:
Bi ging thc hnh ha l _ 2013
Nu bn no tnh c trong excel th cng tt.

Freundlich:
C 0.05 0.10 0.20 0.40 0.50
A 0.44 0.76 1.29 2.20 2.62

PHNG TRNH NG NHIT FREUDLICH

3

2.5

1.5 Series1
1

0.5

0
0.05 0.1 0.2 0.4 0.5