De An Mo Cao Hoc KT Hoa Hoc

B GIO DC V O TO
TRNG I HC CN TH
N
O TO TRNH THC S
NGNH
K THUT HA HC
M s: 60520301
Cn Th, nm 2013
CC T VIT TT
Ch vit tt ngha
CST C s o to
GD&T Gio dc & o to
CNHH Cng ngh Ha hc
CNH-HH Cng nghip ha Hin i ha
BSCL ng bng sng Cu Long
H i hc
HBK i hc Bch khoa
HCT i hc Cn Th
GD Gio dc
G Giai on
HVCH Hc vin cao hc
KHKT Khoa hc K thut
KH&CN Khoa hc & Cng ngh
KT K thut
LL L lun
LT L thuyt
NCKH Nghin cu khoa hc
PGS Ph gio s
PPDH Phng php dy hc
PTN Phng th nghim
Q Quyt nh
SH Sau i hc
SL S lng
STT S th t
TH Thc hnh
ThS Thc s
TN Th nghim
TP. HCM Thnh ph H Ch Minh
TS Tin s
TT&TT Thng tin & Truyn thng
UBND y ban nhn dn
VN Vit Nam
XB Xut bn
1
MC LC
CC T VIT TT .......................................................................................................1
MC LC .......................................................................................................................2
PHN 1: S CN THIT PHI XY DNG N ............................................5
1.1 GII THIU V TRNG I HC CN TH .......................................5
1.2 NHU CU NGUN NH N LC TR NH THC S K THUT HA
HC .........................................................................................................................7
1.3 KT QU O TO C TRNG I HC CN TH .....................8
1.4 GII THIU V KHOA CNG NGH ......................................................10
1.5 L DO NGH CHO PHP M NG NH O TO TR NH THC
S K THUT HA HC .......................................................................................12
PHN 2: MC TIU O TO, I TNG TUYN SINH............................13
2.1 CN C NGH M NGNH ................................................................13
2.2 MC TIU O TO .................................................................................13
2.3 THI GI N O TO ................................................................................14
2.4 I TNG TUYN SINH ........................................................................14
2.5 D KIN QUY M TUYN SINH ............................................................16
2.6 HC PH .......................................................................................................16
2.7 YU CU I VI NGI TT NGHIP...............................................17
PHN 3: NNG LC C C S O TO .....................................................18
3.1 CC QUYT NH V VIC CHO PHP O TO TR NH I
HC C NG NH NGH CHO PHP O TO. ........................................18
3.2 I NG GING VIN C HU TH M GI O TO .....................18
3.3 THIT B PHC V GING DY ............................................................22
3.4 TH VIN ....................................................................................................28
3.5 CC TI NGHIN CU KHOA HC CA GING VIN LIN
QU N N NG NH NGH CHO PHP O TO DO C S O TO
THC HIN..............................................................................................................36
3.6 CC HNG NGHIN CU TI LUN VN V S LNG HC
VIN C TH TIP NHN ....................................................................................45
PHN 4: CHNG TR NH O TO..................................................................54
2
4.1 MC TIU ....................................................................................................54
4.2 CHNG TR NH O TO ......................................................................54
4.2.1 NH GI HC PHN ..........................................................................62
4.2.2 IU KIN TT NGHIP ......................................................................62
PH LC ......................................................................................................................63
Ph lc I: cng chi tit cc mn hc..................................................................63
Ph lc II: L lch khoa hc & Vn bng tin s ca cn b c hu ......................150
Ph lc III: Cc bi bo khoa hc chnh ca cn b c hu ...................................250
Ph lc IV: Chng trnh cao hc tham kho .........................................................325
Ph lc V: Cc quyt nh .......................................................................................331
3
DANH SCH BNG
Bng 3-1 Danh sch ging vin c hu tham gia ging dy cao hc ...........................19
Bng 3-2 Thit b phc v o to thc s ngnh K thut Ha hc:...........................22
Bng 3-3 Danh mc cc ti liu, sch, tp ch phc v o to ngnh thc s K thut
ha hc:..........................................................................................................................29
Bng 3-4 Cc ti nghin cu khoa hc ca ging vin lin quan n ngnh ng k
o to: ..........................................................................................................................36
Bng 3-5 Mt s ti, d n tiu biu, c thc hin ti Khoa Cng ngh thng
qua cc hp tc quc t: ................................................................................................40
Bng 3-6 Hng v lnh vc nghin cu c th nhn hng dn hc vin cao hc: ..45
Bng 3-7 Cng trnh cng b tiu biu ca cn b c hu t nm 2008 n nm 2012
.......................................................................................................................................47
Bng 4-1 Chng trnh o to ....................................................................................55
Bng 4-2 Tn ting Anh ca chng trnh o to ......................................................58
Bng 4-3 Phn cng cn b ging dy cc mn ...........................................................60
4
PHN 1: S CN THIT PHI XY DNG N
1.1 GII THIU V TRNG I HC CN TH

Tin thn ca Trng i hc Cn Th c thnh lp t nm 1966 vi tn gi
l Vin i hc Cn Th. Nm 1975, Vin i hc Cn Th i thnh Trng i
hc Cn Th (HCT) vi cc nhim v chnh l o to, nghin cu khoa hc
(NCKH) v chuyn giao cng ngh phc v cng cuc pht trin kinh t x hi theo
hng cng nghip ha hin i ha, nng cao i sng v dn tr cho vng ng bng
sng Cu Long (BSCL).
Thng tin chi tit ca Trng HCT nh sau:
+ Tn ting Anh ca Trng i hc Cn Th l: Can Tho University (tn
ting Anh vit tt ca Trng HCT l CTU).
+ a ch: Khu II, ng 3/2, P. Xun Khnh, Q. Ninh Kiu, TP. Cn Th.
+ in thoi: (84-0710) 3832663 - (84-0710) 3838474; Fax: (84-0710)
3838474.
+ a ch website: www.ctu.edu.vn
+ E-mail: dhct@ctu.edu.vn
Hin nay, HCT c 14 khoa (Khoa Cng ngh, Khoa Cng ngh Thng tin v
Truyn thng, Khoa D b Dn tc, Khoa Khoa hc Chnh tr Khoa Khoa hc T
nhin, Khoa Khoa hc X hi v Nhn vn, Khoa Kinh t v Qun tr Kinh doanh,
Khoa Lut, Khoa Mi trng v Ti nguyn Thin nhin, Khoa Nng nghip v Sinh
hc ng dng, Khoa S phm, Khoa Thy sn, Khoa Pht trin Nng thn, Khoa Sau
i hc) v 3 vin nghin cu (Vin Nghin cu v Pht trin Cng ngh Sinh hc
(Vin NC&PT CNSH), Vin Nghin cu Bin i Kh hu, Vin Nghin cu Pht
trin BSCL).
Nhim v chnh ca Trng l o to, nghin cu khoa hc (NCKH), chuyn
giao cng ngh phc v pht trin kinh t - x hi trong vng. Song song vi cng tc
o to, HCT tham gia tch cc cc chng trnh NCKH, ng dng nhng thnh
tu khoa hc k thut nhm gii quyt cc vn v khoa hc, cng ngh, kinh t, vn
ho v x hi ca vng. T nhng kt qu ca cc cng trnh NCKH v hp tc quc
t, Trng to ra nhiu sn phm, qui trnh cng ngh phc v sn xut, i sng
v xut khu, to c uy tn trn th trng trong nc v quc t.
5
HCT tranh th c s h tr tch cc ca chnh quyn a phng BSCL
trong cc lnh vc o to, hp tc khoa hc k thut v chuyn giao cng ngh.
Trng m rng quan h hp tc khoa hc k thut vi nhiu t chc quc t,
trng i hc v vin nghin cu trn th gii. Thng qua cc chng trnh hp tc,
nng lc qun l v chuyn mn ca i ng cn b c nng cao, c s vt cht,
trang thit b th nghim, ti liu thng tin khoa hc c b sung p ng yu cu
nng cao cht lng o to v m rng cc ngnh o to.
T nm 1990-2011, HCT u t xy dng mt s cng trnh ln phc v
cho hc tp, th nghim, k tc x v cc cng trnh cng cng vi tng din tch s
dng khong 37.570 m2, trong bao gm 19.405 m2 nh hc, 15.269 m2 phng th
nghim, 1.677 m2 k tc x sinh vin, 1.220 m2 nh cn b v 1.500 m2 nh thi u
th thao.
Trong nhng nm gn y, trang thit b phc v cho cng tc o to, th
nghim, NCKH c nng cp nhiu, in hnh l ti Khoa Cng ngh, Khoa Nng
nghip v Sinh hc ng dng, Khoa Thy sn, Vin Nghin cu v Pht trin Cng
ngh sinh hc, Khoa Cng ngh Thng tin v Truyn thng v Khoa Khoa hc T
nhin. HCT hin trang b c 1.967 my vi tnh v 20 my ch, c ni thnh
mng ni b trong ton trng v cng xy dng mng khng dy (WiFi) ti cc
khu vc quan trng trong khun vin trng to iu kin thun li cho cn b v
sinh vin trao i cp nht thng tin, lm vic, hc tp v NCKH.
Tp ch khoa hc (scientific journal) i hc Cn Th: Nhng nm u 1990
Trng HCT xin B Vn ha Thng tin cho php xut bn Tuyn tp cng trnh
Nghin cu Khoa hc Trng i hc Cn Th nh k 2 s/nm vi s lng 300
bn/s, dy 200 trang, pht hnh ni b v gi tng cc trng i hc, Vin nghin
cu v cc S ban ngnh lin quan trong vng BSCL. Nm 2001, nh trng c
php c xut bn Tp ch Khoa hc i hc Cn Th s nh k. Tp ch c
cp m s chun quc t ISSN 1859-2333 vo ngy 11/4/2008 v nm trong danh mc
cc tp ch c Hi ng chc danh Gio s Nh nc tnh im. Ngy 22/07/2008,
B Thng tin v Truyn thng (B TT&TT) cp Giy php mi s 1090/GP/BTT-TT
cho hot ng Tp ch Khoa hc. T nm 2010, do s pht trin ng k ca hot
ng KHCN, nhu cu bi ng tp ch rt ln, nh trng xin php B TT&TT tng
s xut bn 4 s/nm vo cc thng 3, 6, 9 v 12. Hot ng xut bn tp ch tip tc
pht trin v bn vng n nay vi s lng 60-65 bi/k xut bn. Tp ch trc thuc
Phng Qun l Khoa hc Trng HCT, do Hiu Trng lm Tng bin tp, c Ph
tng bin tp, Th k v Ban Th k (bin tp) v Hi ng t vn v khoa hc ca
Tp ch, Hi ng bin tp gm c 05 Tiu ban chuyn mn vi 35 thnh vin: (1)
Tiu ban Khoa hc cng ngh; (2) Tiu ban Khoa hc nng nghip; (3) Tiu ban Khoa
6
hc t nhin; (4) Tiu ban Khoa hc gio dc v X hi nhn vn; (5) Tiu ban Khoa
hc chnh tr, kinh t v php lut.
1.2 NHU CU NGU N NHN LC TR NH THC S K THUT HA HC

Ngh quyt i hi ng ton quc ln th XI tip tc khng nh vai tr quan
trng ca s nghip Cng nghip ha Hin i ha (CNH-HH) t nc nhm
chun b tt c s vt cht k thut cho s nghip xy dng Ch ngha x hi. K
thut ha hc l mt lnh vc rng v rt quan trng cho qu trnh CNH-HH.
Ngy 03/04/2006 UBND thnh ph Cn Th k quyt nh s 1033/Q-UBND
giao cho S Cng Nghip Cn Th quy hoch chi tit 4.000 ha t cho Khu Cng
Nghip Cn Th, bao gm 3.000 ha thuc Nng Trng Sng Hu v 1.000 ha thuc
Nng Trng C . Tip , ngy 20 thng 04 nm 2006, UBND thnh ph Cn
Th k quyt nh s 1477/UBND-KT giao cho S Cng Nghip Cn Th quy hoch
1.000 ha t cho Khu Cng Ngh Cao TP. Cn Th.
Ngy 31 thng 3 nm 2008, UBND thnh ph Cn Th t chc hi tho nh
hng Cng ngh cao cho TP. Cn Th v BSCL vi s tham d ca cc nh khoa
hc u ngnh v cc nh qun l t khp cc tnh BSCL. Ti hi tho lnh o TP.
Cn Th khng nh quyt tm u t cho Khu Cng Ngh Cao Cn Th, trong
k thut ha hc l mt trong nhng lnh vc c c bit u tin. Trong khi , hi
tho cng ch ra ngun lc cng ngh cao cho BSCL cn rt yu v thiu. i vi
TP. Cn Th, ngun nhn lc c trnh sau i hc ch khim tn mc 114 cn b.
Nhu cu cp bch hin nay l phi nng cao kin thc v k nng cho i ng
k s ang lm vic ti cc a phng thuc khu vc BSCL, h c nng lc
tip cn, lp t, vn hnh, bo tr, sa cha, ci tin v thit k cc dy chuyn (qu
trnh) sn xut t ng. c bit, sau khi d n cu v Sn bay ca TP. Cn Th hon
thnh, giao thng t TP. HCM i cc tnh BSCL tr nn thun li, chc chn s thu
ht c nhiu u t pht trin cng nghip, do chi ph sn xut thp hn cc a bn
ln cn TP. HCM. Tht vy, theo Bo co iu tra Lao ng v Vic lm Vit nam
nm 2009 ca Tng cc thng k, vng c t l dn s hot ng kinh t c trnh
i hc tr ln thp nht l BSCL (ch t 2,9%), thp hn so vi mc chung ca c
nc khong 2,3 im phn trm. Trong khi , trn phm vi c nc, c cu lao ng
theo 3 khu vc kinh t: Khu vc I - Nng, lm, thu sn, Khu vc II Cng nghip v
xy dng, v Khu vc III - Dch v, trong 10 nm qua. T trng khu vc II tng ln
gn gp i, t 12,4% ln ti 21,8%. Ngoi ra, t l lao ng thuc ngnh Cng nghip
chim 14,5% tng s lao ng, trong c 45,8% lao ng tr. S liu thng k trn
cho thy nhu cu o to ngun nhn lc k thut cao ni chung v nhn lc phc v
7
khu vc II t ngnh ng k o to phc v pht trin cng nghip l rt cn thit
v cp bch.
Bn cnh vic o to, nng cao trnh cho i ng k s ti BSCL, mt
nhu cu ln ang t ra v vic o to ngun cn b ging dy cho cc trng i hc
va c thnh lp trong vi nm tr li y BSCL v lnh vc K thut Ha hc.
Trn a bn thnh ph Cn Th, theo ch trng ca B GD&T v lnh o Thnh
ph Cn Th, Trung tm i hc Ti chc Cn Th ang c lp k hoch nng cp
thnh Trng i hc K thut Cng Ngh Cn Th. Theo , nhu cu rt ln v o
to ngun cn b ging dy cho trng ny cng l mt vn ang c cc cp cc
ngnh ca thnh ph c bit quan tm. Ngoi ra, cc k s ha hc, vt liu, mi
trng ca cc trng i hc Tr Vinh, i hc n Giang cng cn nhu cu nng
cao trnh k thut.
p ng nhu v nhn lc k thut cao cho Khu Cng Nghip, Khu Cng
Ngh Cao Cn Th, cc trng i hc BSCL ni ring v s nghip CNH-HH
BSCL ni chung, nhim v ca Trng HCT l phi y mnh hn na cng tc
o to, c bit l o to sau i hc ngnh K thut Ha hc, p ng nhu cu
pht trin cng nghip.
Trong thi gian qua, thc hin nhim v ny, Trng HCT t c kt
qu ng k. Trng o to hng ngn K s K thut ha hc, K thut mi
trng, c nhn ha hc, s phm ha hc... h chnh qui. y l lc lng tuyn sinh
v lc lng nng ct cho vic trin khai ng dng, nghin cu khoa hc nh hng
cng nghip ha BSCL. Cc i tng ny hin c nhu cu c tip tc hc ln
bc thc s nhm nng cao trnh v cp nht kin thc. Vic hc tp nng cao kin
thc v lnh vc K thut Ha hc l yu cu bc bch phc v cho cng cuc cng
nghip ha hin i ha.
1.3 KT QU O TO C TRNG I HC CN TH
Trng i hc Cn Th hin l c s o to i hc v sau i hc trng
im ca Nh nc BSCL, l trung tm vn ha - khoa hc k thut ca vng.
Trng khng ngng hon thin v pht trin, t mt s t ngnh o to ban u,
Trng cng c, pht trin thnh mt trng a ngnh a lnh vc. Nm 1992,
Trng HCT c B GD&T giao nhim v o to cao hc cc ngnh Nng hc,
Chn nui, Th y, Sinh thi hc. Trng i hc Cn Th lin kt vi cc Trng
i hc Thnh ph H Ch Minh v Trng i hc Nha Trang o to sau i hc
cc ngnh Kinh t, Vn hc, Ton hc, Vt l, Ha hc, Thy sn ...
8
Hin nay, trng HCT ang o to 33 ngnh, chuyn ngnh bc thc s,
tuyn sinh hn 6.285 hc vin cao hc, trong tt nghip 3.104 thc s v cn hc
hin ti l 3.181 hc vin; v 9 chuyn ngnh tin s tuyn sinh hn 172 nghin cu
sinh, trong tt nghip 30 tin s.
Cc ngnh, chuyn ngnh ang o to sau i hc gm:
- Bc thc s:
1. Trng trt 25. Kinh t nng nghip
2. Bo v thc vt 26. Kinh t ti chnh ngn hng
3. Khoa hc t 27. Ton gii tch
4. Chn nui 28. L thuyt xc sut v thng k ton
5. Th y hc
6. Nui trng thy sn 29. Vt l l thuyt v vt l ton
7. Qun l v bo v ngun li thy sn 30. Vt l k thut
8. Qun l t ai 31. Lut kinh t

32. Ha hu c
9. Khoa hc mi trng
33. Ha l thuyt v ha l
10. Qun l mi trng
11. Vt l nguyn t, ht nhn v nng
lng cao
12. Cng ngh thc phm v ung
13. Pht trin nng thn
14. H thng nng nghip
15. Sinh thi hc
16. Cng ngh sinh hc
17. LL v PPDH BM Vn v ting Vit
18. LL v PPDH BM Ton
19. LL v PPDH BM ting nh
20. Cng ngh sau thu hoch
21. LL v PPDH BM ting Php
22. Vn hc Vit Nam
23. H thng thng tin
24. Qun tr kinh doanh
9
- Bc tin s:
1. Trng trt
2. Bo v thc vt
3. Vi sinh vt hc
4. Nui thy sn nc mn, l
5. Nui thy sn nc ngt
6. t v dinh dng cy trng
7. Chn nui ng vt
8. Mi trng t v nc
9. Kinh t nng nghip
Mt trong nhng th mnh v nhn lc ca Trng HCT hin nay l c mt

i ng nhiu cn b, ging vin c hu c trnh : 04 Gio s, 60 Ph gio s, 139
Tin s, 666 thc s tham gia ging dy sau i hc, c nhiu kinh nghim hng dn
hc vin thc hin lun vn tt nghip. S lng TS l cn b vin chc ca Trng
c o to nc ngoi chim 76,6%, trong nc chim 23,4%; trong s lng
TS c o to ti Chu u chim 47,9%, ti Chu 46,3%, ti Chu M 3,7% v
ti Chu c 2,1%. Cc nc ngoi o to TS nhiu nht cho HCT l H Lan, B,
Nht v Php. Ngoi ra, hin nay, c trn 200 ging vin tr ca Trng ang c
o to tin s trong v ngoi nc, s gp phn vo lc lng ging vin c hu
ca Trng h tr cho cng tc o to sau i hc trong tng lai.
1.4 GII THIU V KHOA CNG NGH

c thnh lp nm 1995, Khoa Cng Ngh (Khoa CN) hin c 215 cn b,
gm 168 cn b ging dy vi 13 tin s v 84 thc s, thuc 7 b mn, 3 trung tm v
vn phng khoa. Khoa CN hin s hu 42 phng th nghim v 1 xng thc hnh c
kh; ph trch o to 13 ngnh, chuyn ngnh bc i hc, vi tng s sinh vin h
chnh qui gn 6.000 sinh vin v h va lm va hc hn 1.000 sinh vin.
Cc phng th nghim thuc b mn CNHH gm c: PTN qu trnh & thit b
CNHH, Phng TN ha hu c, Phng TN ha v c, Phng TN ha v c, PTN vt
liu polymer & composite. Theo nh hng pht trin b mn, s c nhiu PTN s
c c xy dng nh : PTN in ha, PTN ha tnh ton, PTN y sinh, PTN cng
ngh nano, PTN vt liu tin tin s c xy dng thuc d n pht trin HCT
10
thnh trng i hc xut sc. D n ny hon thnh h s trnh B GD & T Vit
Nam v t chc JIC Nht vi vn u t ln n 150 triu USD.
Lc lng cn b ging dy c hu ca Khoa CN v ang c o to c
bn ti nhiu quc gia trn th gii, l nhn t quan trng gp phn quyt nh n
cht lng o to i hc v sau i hc. Hin nay, cng vi 07 tin s cc khoa
khc trong trng, Khoa CN c 10 tin s s trc tip tham gia ging dy cc hc phn
chuyn mn cho ngnh ng k o to. Ngoi ra, lc lng cn b c trnh thc s
ng hoc ph hp vi ngnh K thut ha hc hin c ca Khoa gm 06 ngi, s
tham gia hng dn thc tp cng vi ban ging hun. Hn na, n cui nm 2012,
Khoa CN s c thm 02 tin s chuyn ngnh K thut ha hc, tt nghip B v ,
n nm 2014 Khoa s c thm 03 tin s chuyn ngnh K thut ha hc na s tt
nghip ti M, B, v H Lan. Ngoi ra, Khoa Cng ngh c 03 cn b va bt u
hc tin s chuyn ngnh K thut ha hc Vit Nam (01 cn b) v i Loan (02
cn b). y l lc lng b sung cho cn b c hu ca n v
Hp tc quc t l mt th mnh tht s ca Khoa Cng ngh - Trng HCT.
Cc chng trnh hp tc quc t gip Khoa o to mt s lng ln cc cn b c
trnh Thc s v Tin s, cng nh trang b nhiu phng th nghim v cng c hin
i, p ng nhu cu ging dy, nghin cu khoa hc v chuyn giao cng ngh ca
n v. Hin nay, Khoa CN c quan h hp tc vi cc quc gia sau:
H Lan: Delft University of Technology, Wageningen UR, Larenstein
University of Professional Education (MHO5&6), T chc Van Rum
Foundation.
B: Chng trnh VLIR
c: i Hc Bonn, i hc Dresden, T chc DAAD, Vin Cng ngh
FAL, T chc Tdh, Bfdh, Asia Link, Cng ty GIS-Moskito
i Loan: i hc Khoa hc k thut Quc gia i Loan
Canada: i hc Malaspina, T chc Cida
Php: i hc La Rochelle, chng trnh Inco-Delta, H. CN M, i hc
Cachan
Luxembourg: t chc Sea
M: i hc California-Davis, Vnhelp
c: i hc Sydney, H. RMIT
Ngoi ra, Khoa CN cn hp tc vi cc quc gia nh: Thi Lan, Philipine,
Malaysia, Campuchia, Lo, Nht, Hn Quc, an Mch... Hng nm Khoa CN tip
11
trung bnh 30 on khch n tham quan, hp tc v trao i cc lnh vc k thut
cng ngh.
Vi tim lc v nhn s v c s vt cht, cng vi s h tr nhit tnh ca cc
Gio s trong v ngoi nc c quan h tt vi Khoa, Khoa CN sc m nhn
tt nhim v o to thc s ngnh K thut iu khin v T ng ha.
1.5 L DO NGH CHO PHP M NG NH O TO TR NH THC S K

THUT HA HC
K thut ha hc c vai tr trung tm cho s pht trin ca cc ngnh khoa hc
khc nh: Cng ngh vt liu, cng ngh mi trng, cng ngh sinh hc, ha hc,
cng ngh thc phm, cng ngh ch bin, cng ngh sau thu hoch. Tuy nhin, vng
BSCL hin cha c c s no o to thc s ngnh K thut ha hc. V vy, y l
mt tr ngi ln cho vic pht trin ngun nhn lc c trnh cao v lnh vc ny ca
khu vc gp phn thc y s pht trin kinh t - x hi ca vng BSCL theo
hng cng nghip ha hin i ha theo nh Ngh quyt i hi ng ton quc
ln th XI ra. Thc trng ny ang l mt bc xc, khng ch ca i ng k s
ang lm vic m ca c lnh o cc a phng, n v v nhu cu nng cao trnh
l bc bch v chnh ng.
o to thc s ngnh K thut ha hc ti HCT khng ch gp phn to ra

ngun nhn lc c trnh cao nhm gii quyt cc vn thc tin, bc xc ca cc
a phng trong qu trnh hi nhp, m cn tit kim c nhiu ngun lc ca x
hi nh thi gian v chi ph i li, n v thng xuyn thc hnh ti phng th
nghim (do c th ngnh) ca hc vin trong sut thi gian hc tp. Ngoi ra, vic
o to ti ch nng cao trnh cho mt b phn ln cn b ging dy v phc v
ging dy ca Khoa CN, khng ch gp phn tit kim ngn sch, m cn to c s
gn kt bn vng gia cn b v n v.
Hin nay, lc lng cn b c hu v c s vt cht ca trng, nht l ca

Khoa CN, c kh nng m ng vic o to thc s ngnh K thut ha hc.
Hn na, vi kinh nghim hp tc trong cc nm qua v quan h gia Khoa CN vi
mt s cn b c hc v tin s trong nc, cng mt s kiu bo l cc Gio s t cc
trng i hc c cht lng cao nc ngoi, c nhiu kinh nghim trong o to v
lm nghin cu khoa hc, chng ti c c s tin tng rng vic o to thc s
Ngnh K ha hc s c cht lng tt.
Xut pht t nhu cu v tnh hnh thc t trn, xt kh nng v i ng cn b
v c s vt cht ca n v, cng nh s gip nhit tnh ca cc trng i hc
trong v ngoi nc, Trng HCT ngh B Gio dc v o to cho php m o
to thc s Ngnh K thut ha hc, m ngnh 60520301.
12
PHN 2: MC TIU O TO, I TNG TUYN SINH
2.1 CN C NGH M NGNH

Nhng cn c lp n ngh B Gio dc v o to cho php m ngnh
K thut Ha hc bc thc s gm:
- Quyt nh thnh lp b mn CNHH s 147/Q-HCT.TCCB ngy 05
thng 03 nm 2004 ca Trng i hc Cn Th
- Quyt nh m ngnh CNHH s 5387/ Q-BGD & T/H ngy 01 thng
12 nm 1999 ca B Gio dc & o to.
- Quyt nh chuyn i tn ngnh CNHH thnh ngnh cng ngh k thut
ha hc s 511/Q-BGT ngy 28 thng 01 nm 2011
- Cn c nhu cu ngun nhn lc k thut cao phc v s nghip CNH-HH
vng ng bng sng Cu long, c bit v lnh vc k thut Ha hc
- Cn c trn s lng sinh vin tt nghip cc ngnh ng v ngnh gn
bc i hc t 11 kha o to ca n v;
- Cn c ngun nhn lc v c s vt cht c trang b tt ti Khoa Cng
ngh, Trng i hc Cn Th p ng nhu cu ging dy;
- Cn c qui ch o to trnh thc s ti thng t s 10/2011/TT-BGDT
ngy 28 thng 02 nm 2011 ca B Gio Dc v o to;
- Cn c thng t s 38/2010/TT-BGDT ngy 22-12-2010 ca B trng
B GD&T v vic ban hnh Quy nh iu kin, h s, quy trnh cho php
o to, nh ch tuyn sinh, thu hi quyt nh cho php o to cc ngnh
hoc chuyn ngnh trnh thc s, trnh tin s;
- Tham kho cc chng trnh o to tng ng t cc trng i hc uy tn
trong v ngoi nc.
2.2 MC TIU O TO
Mc tiu chung:
Chng trnh o to thc s ngnh K thut ha hc nhm trang b v gip hc

vin nm vng l thuyt, c k nng thc hnh, c kh nng lm vic c lp, sng to
v c nng lc pht hin, gii quyt nhng vn thuc lnh vc k thut ha hc.
Khi kin thc c trang b trong chng trnh o to ny bao gm cc kin
thc nng cao ca k thut ha hc. Kin thc ny c chia lm hai nhm chnh:
nhm kin thc bt buc c s v chuyn ngnh (gm 24 tn ch cng vi 2 tn ch ca
13
hc phn trit hc chim hn 50% tng s tn ch theo ng yu cu ca B gio dc
& o to): cc phng php phn tch ha l, chuyn nghin cu, ha hu c nng
cao, k thut phn ng nng cao, thit k v x l s liu th nghim, phng php
lun nghin cu khoa hc, xc tc d th, k thut mi trng nng; nhm th hai
gm 15 tn ch thuc v hc phn t chn c tnh cht chuyn su thuc chuyn ngnh
hu c, phn tch, ha l, v c, qu trnh thit b CNHH, vt liu Ngoi ra, hc
phn lun vn tt nghip gm 10 tn ch nhm gip cho sinh vin vn dng tng hp
nhng kin thc hc vo mt ti ln hn.
Mc tiu c th:
Hc vin tt nghip thc s ngnh K thut Ha hc t tiu chun:
C phm cht chnh tr, o c, c thc phc v nhn dn, c trnh cao
p ng nhu cu pht trin kinh t - x hi, khoa hc - cng ngh ca t
nc.
C kh nng s dng thit b phn tch k thut ha hc
C kh nng pht hin v nghin cu cc vn trong ngnh K thut ha
hc. c bit l kh nng nghin cu v ng dng t ng ha vo lnh vc
nng nghip v ch bin lng thc, thc phm, thy - hi sn.
C kh nng tham gia ging dy, t vn, xut, ch tr, trin khai cc d n
k thut ha hc, phc v cng cuc pht trin kinh t ca vng BSCL.
C kh nng c lp v phi hp nghin cu, c th tip tc lm Nghin
cu sinh nhm ngnh K thut ha hc.
2.3 THI GI N O TO
Thi gian o to: 2 nm (thi hn ti a l 4 nm).
Hnh thc o to: tp trung.
2.4 I TNG TUYN SINH
i tng tuyn sinh
Ngun tuyn:
Ngi tt nghip i hc chuyn ngnh ng v chuyn ngnh gn ngnh k
thut ha hc nh: Cng ngh Ha hc, K thut Ha hc, Cng ngh K thut ha
hc, K thut mi trng, cng ngh vt liu, ha hc, s phm ha hc, cng ngh
thc phm, cng ngh sau thu hoch
Yu cu i vi ngi d tuyn:
14
Thc hin theo quy nh ti thng t s 10/2011/TT-BGDT ngy 28 thng 02
nm 2011 ca B Gio Dc v o to, i tng tuyn sinh l cng dn nc Cng
ha x hi ch ngha Vit Nam c iu kin sau:
- V vn bng, thm nin cng tc, i tng v chnh sch u tin theo quy
nh ti thng t s 10/2011/TT-BGDT ngy 28 thng 02 nm 2011 ca B Gio
Dc v o to.
- V sc khe theo quy nh ti Thng t lin B Y t - i hc, THCN v DN
s 10/TT-LB ngy 18/8/1989 v cng vn hng dn s 2445/TS ngy 20/8/1990 ca
B Gio dc v o to.
Thi im t chc thi tuyn:
Thi tuyn sinh c t chc 2 ln/nm, vo thng 2 v thng 8 hng nm. ng

k vi B Gio dc v o to vo thng 8 hng nm v s ln tuyn sinh, ch tiu
tuyn sinh ca nm k tip.
* Cc mn thi tuyn gm: Mn c bn, mn c s v Ngoi ng.
- Mn c bn: Ton cao cp.
- Mn c s: Ha l k thut.
- Mn ngoi ng: theo quy nh chung ca Trng i hc Cn Th v
Thng t s 10/2011/TT-BGDT ngy 28 thng 02 nm 0211ca B Gio
dc v o to.
* iu kin xt trng tuyn:
- Th sinh phi t im 5 tr ln (theo thang im 10) cc mn thi c bn,
c s.
- Mn Ngoi ng thi u vo phi t yu cu theo qui nh ca Trng i
hc Cn Th.
- im trng tuyn c xc nh cn c theo ch tiu o to v tng im
thi hai mn c bn v c s (khng k mn ngoi ng) ca tng th sinh t
cao tr xung.
- Trng hp c nhiu th sinh cng tng im cc mn thi th u tin xt tip
bng mc im cao hn ca mn c s sau n mn c bn v cui cng
l mn ngoi ng xc nh ngi trng tuyn.
Cc ngnh ng v ph hp
Cc ngnh ng v ph hp bao gm:

- Cng ngh ha hc M s: 52510203
- K thut ha hc M s: 52520301
15
- Cng ngh k thut ha hc M s: 52510401
Cc ngnh gn
Cc ngnh gn bao gm:

- C nhn ha hc M s: 52440112
- S phm ha hc M s: 52140212
- K thut mi trng M s: 52520320
- Cng ngh k thut mi trng M s: 52510406
- Cng ngh vt liu M s: 52510102
- K thut vt liu M s: 52520309
- Cng ngh thc phm M s: 52540101
- Cng ngh sau thu hoch M s: 52540104
theo chng trnh mc 2.4.4 v t yu cu trc khi thi tuyn thc s ngnh k
thut ha hc
Cc hc phn chuyn i b tc
Chng trnh chuyn i b sung kin thc cho cc ngnh gn l 12 tn ch, bao
gm cc hc phn sau:
- Nhit ng lc hc & Truyn nhit: 03 TC (2 LT, 1 TH)
- Tryn khi: 03 TC
- Thit b c lu cht & vt liu ri: 03 TC
- K thut phn ng: 03 TC
2.5 D KIN QUY M TUYN SINH

Hin nhu cu o to thc s ngnh K thut ha hc vng ng bng sng
Cu Long l rt ln. Cn c kh nng o to hin ti, Trng HCT ngh ch tiu
tuyn sinh t nm 2012-2016 khong 30 n 50 hc vin/nm cho ngnh ny.
2.6 HC PH
Theo quy nh chung. Mc thu hc ph hin ti l 5.925.000/nm.
16
2.7 YU CU I VI NGI TT NGHIP
Hc vin cao hc phi hon thnh chng trnh o to trnh thc s v yu
cu v trnh ngoi ng trc khi bo v lun vn theo thng t s 10/2011/TT-
BGDT ngy 28 thng 02 nm 2011 ca B Gio Dc v o to.
17
PHN 3: NNG LC C C S O TO
3.1 CC QUYT NH V VIC CHO PHP O TO TR NH I HC C A

NG NH NGH CHO PHP O TO.
T nm 1999, B GD&T cho php trng i hc Cn Th o to cng ngh

ha hc. Sinh vin tt nghip c cp bng K s ha hc. n nm 2012, theo
Quyt nh s 968/Q-BGDT ngy 09/03/2012 ca B GD&T, tn ngnh o to
K thut ha hc c chuyn i thnh tn ngnh Cng ngh k thut ha hc, m
s: 52510101. Sinh vin tt nghip chuyn ngnh ny c cp bng K s k thut
ha hc.
n nay, ngnh cng ngh ha hc, k thut ha hc, k thut cng ngh ha
hc c t chc o to c 13 kha. Qu trnh t chc o to, Trng i hc
Cn Th thc hin nghim tc tt c cc qui nh v o to bc i hc ca B
GD&T v cha tng c bt k vi phm no. Hin nay, hai ngnh trn c 8 kha
tt nghip vi gn 560 k s, l ngun u vo ln cho n ny. Cc quyt nh lin
quan n vic cho php o to trnh i hc ca ngnh v quyt nh chuyn i
tn ngnh c trnh by phc lc V.
3.2 I NG GING VIN C HU TH M GI O TO
Lc lng cn b tham gia ging dy thc s ngnh K thut thut ha hc l 20

Tin s c hu ca trng i hc Cn Th, trnh by ti Bng 3.1, trong c 12 tin
s cng ngnh l TS. Trng Ch Thnh (Cng ngh vt liu); TS. on Vn Hng
Thin (K thut ha hc); TS. H Quc Phong (K thut ha hc); TS. Hunh Lin
Hng (K thut ha hc); TS. Nguyn Th Hng Thy (Cng ngh ha hc); TS.
Vn Phm an Thy (Cng ngh vt liu); TS. Trng B Ti (ha hc); PGS TS.
Bi Th Bu Hu (Ha hc); TS. L Thanh Phc (Ha hc); TS. Nguyn Vn Cng
(K thut qu trnh cng ngh); TS. Nguyn Tr Tun (Cng ngh vt liu); PGS TS.
Nguyn Vn Mi (Cng ngh thc phm)
18
Bng 3-1 Danh sch ging vin c hu tham gia ging dy cao hc
TT H v Tn, Hc Hc v, Chuyn Tham gia o Thnh tch

nm sinh, hm, nc, ngnh to SH khoa hc (s
chc v hin nm nm tt (nm, CST) lng ti,
ti phong nghip cc bi bo)
1 Trng Ch Tin s, Cng 2010, HBK 3 ti, 7 tp
Thnh, 1963, B, 2005 ngh vt TP. HCM, H ch, 9 bo co
Ph Trng liu poly- Cn Th khoa hc
Khoa Cng mer v
ngh, Trng composite
B mn CNHH
2 on Vn Tin s, K thut 1 ti, 5 tp

Hng Thin, i ha hc ch, 8 bo co
1980, Ph Loan, khoa hc
Trng b mn 2012
CNHH
3 H Quc Tin s, K thut HBK TP. 2 ti, 5 tp
Phong, 1978, i Ha Hc HCM (2011) ch, 4 bo co
Ph trng B Loan, khoa hc
mn CNHH 2011
4 Hunh Lin Tin s, K thut 1 sch, 14 tp
Hng, 1983, i Ha hc ch quc t
Trng PTN Loan,
2011
5 Vn Phm an Tin s, Vt liu 1 sch, 7 tp
Thy, 1982 Nht, cao phn ch quc t
2012 t
6 Nguyn Th Tin s, Cng

Hng Thy, Nht, ngh ha
1982 2011 hc
7 Trng B Ti, Tin s, Ha hc 30 tp ch

1975 B, quc t, 3 bo
2012 co khoa hc
8 Nguyn Vn Tin s, K thut 5 ti, 1

Cng, 1970, Php, qu trnh sch, 4 tp ch
Ph trng 2010 CN & bo co
Khoa Cng khoa hc
ngh
19
9 Bi Th Bu PGS; Tin S, Ha hc H Cn Th 5 ti, 2
Hu, 1966, 2012 H Lan, sch, 21 tp
Trng Khoa 2005 ch v bo co
Khoa hc t khoa hc
nhin
10 L Thanh Tin s, Ha hc 2005, H Cn 8 ti, 2 gio
Phc, Ha hc, Th trnh, 12 tp
2003 ch
11 Nguyn Tr Tin s, Vt liu i hc Cn 4 ti, 14 tp

Tun, 1973 Vit Th ch v bo co
Nam, khoa hc
2012
12 Nguyn Thnh Tin s, Vt l i hc Cn 5 ti, 16 tp
Tin Vit Nam lng t Th ch v bo co
2012 khoa hc
13 Nguyn Ch Tin s, K thut 2009, H Nng 6 ti, 2 gio

Ngn, 1972, c, iu Lm, H trnh, 19 tp
Trng Khoa 2007 khin GTVT ch, 12 bo co
CN TP.HCM; 2010, khoa hc
HCT; 2011,
HBK TP.
HCM, H
Vit-c
14 Ng Quang Tin s, iu 1 ti, 3 tp
Hiu, 1980 Hn khin t ch v 13 bo
Quc, ng co khoa hc
2012
15 V Minh Tr, Tin s, C in 2 ti, 2 tp
1970, Trng B, 2010 t ch v 7 bo
B mn c co khoa hc
in t
16 Trn Thanh Tin s, T ng 2009, H Nng 3 ti, 17 tp
Hng, 1972, c, ha Lm TP.HCM; ch v bo co
Ph Trng 2008 2010, H Cn khoa hc
Khoa CN Th; 2011,
20
HBK TP.
HCM
17 Trn Trung Tin s, H thng 2008, HBK 7 ti, 12 tp
Tnh, 1974, Hn in TP.HCM ch, 60 bo
Ph Trng Quc, co khoa hc
Khoa Cng 2007
Ngh
18 L Duy Sn, Tin s, Trit hc 2004, H Cn 1 ti

1955, Trng Th
Vit 1 bi bo
Khoa KH
Nam,
Chnh tr
2002
19 inh Ngc Tin s, Trit hc 2004, H Cn 4 gio trnh

Quyn, 1954, Vit Th
4 bi bo
Trng B Nam,
mn 2003
20 Nguyn Vn PGS, Tin s, Cng 2003, i hc 11 ti, 6

Mi 2007 Nga, ngh thc Cn Th sch, 45 tp
1993 phm ch v bo co
khoa hc
GI C HIU TRNG
S GIO DC V O TO TRNG I HC CN TH
21
3.3 THIT B PHC V GING DY
Phng th nghim thuc B mn Cng ngh Ha hc qun l gm c:
- Phng th nghim qu trnh thit b Cng ngh Ha hc
- Phng th nghim Cng ngh Ha hc
- Phng th nghim V c
- Phng th nghim vt liu composite
Trang thit b thuc lnh lc k thut ha hc, Trng i hc Cn Th c lit k
bng 3.2
Bng 3-2 Thit b phc v o to thc s ngnh K thut Ha hc:
TT Tn gi ca my, thit b, k Nc sn xut, SL Tn HP s

hiu, mc ch s dng nm sn xut dng thit
b
1 Autoclave KIRSCH i Loan, 2007 1 CHLV526;
2 Bp un cch thy c, 2010 2 CHLV526;
3 B iu nhit CHLV526;
4 B g th nghim 3 im Vit Nam, 2010 3 CHLV526;

composite (1, 5, v 10 kW) CHCP525
5 B Kit xc nh t trng CHLV526;

CHCP525
6 B khuch i o dn vt liu CHLV526;

CHCP525
7 Bm chn khng c, 2006 1 CHLV526;
8 Bm nhu ng CHLV526;
9 Buret in t CHLV526;
10 Cn phn tch 2 s l M, 2003 2 CHLV526;
11 Cn phn tch 4 s l c, 2006 2 CHLV526;
12 Cn xc nh m CHLV526;
13 C quay chn khng c, 2006 CHLV526;
22
b
14 H thng c c nc p tri cy Php, 2006 01 CHLV526;
15 H thng kim tra c tnh mu c, 2006

CHLV526;
bt
16 Knh kin vi in t Philipin, 2003 1

CHLV526;
Nht Bn, 2007 1
17 Khc x k cm tay CHLV526;
18 L nung 1100 oC c, 2006 1 CHLV526;
19 L nung 1280 oC c, 2008 0 CHLV526;
20 L nung 1750 oC c, 2007 1 CHLV526;
21 L vi sng Nht, 2007 1 CHLV526;
22 My ct g lin hp CHLV526;
23 My chun t ng M CHLV526;
24 My cung cp kh nn i Loan CHLV526;
25 My cc ph Thy s, 2000 1 CHLV526;
26 My d khuyt tt kim loi Nht Bn, 2003 01 CHLV526;
27 My o im nng chy CHLV526;
28 My o dn in a chc nng Anh, 2006 1 CHLV526;
29 My o nht M, 2006 1 CHLV526;
30 My o pH bn Singapore, 2006 2 CHLV526;
31 My o pH t ng c, 2007 CHLV526;
32 My p nng i Loan, 2007 01 CHLV526;

CHCP525
33 My p phun Trung Quc, 2007 01 CHLV526;

CHCP525
23
b
34 My kh Ion (Ultrapure water Php, 2007 1
CHLV526;
systems).
35 My lc trn dung dch c, 2007 1 CHLV526;
36 My mi/nh bng cho s chun M 1 CHLV526;

b mu CHCP525
37 My khuy t c gia nhit c, 2007 5 CHLV526;
38 My quang ph (UV-vis) M, 2007 1 CHLV526;

CPPT501
39 My ko nn c, 2005 1 CHLV526;
40 My ly tm lnh tc cao 2004, Nht Bn 2

CHLV526;
c, 2006
41 My ly tm lin tc c, 2002 1 CHLV526;
42 My nghin bi nhanh M, 2003 1 CHLV526;
43 My nc ct 1 ln CHLV526;
44 My phn tch nhit vi sai c, 2007 1 CHLV526;
45 My phn tch trng lng theo

CHLV526;
nhit
46 My quang ph hng ngoi M, 2002 1 CHLV526;

CPPT501
47 My quang ph ICP OES c, 2007 1 CHLV526;

CPPT501
48 My quang ph UV-Vis Anh , 2005 1 CHLV526;

c, 2007 CPPT501
49 My sy phun kim sot t ng Anh, 2006 1 CHLV526;

CHCP525
24
b
50 My trn cht do CHLV526;
CHCP525
51 My xc nh kch thc ht M, 2006 1

CHLV526;
bng laser
52 M hnh dn nhit Ty Ban Nha, 2006 1 CHLV526;
53 M hnh i lu nhit Ty Ban Nha, 2006 1 CHLV526;
54 Pipet t ng ch th s c M, 2007 2 CHLV526;
55 Sc k ion M, 2005 1 CHLV526;

CPPT501
56 Sc k kh GC , 2006 2 CHLV526;
Nht, 1997 CPPT501
57 Sc k lng cao p M, 2001 1 CHLV526;

Nht Bn, 2005 CPPT501
58 Sc k lng khi ph M, 2005 1 CHLV526;

CPPT501
59 Sc k lp mng Nht, 2006 1 CHLV526;

CPPT501
60 Sy ng Thy in, 2004 1 CHLV526;
61 Sy phun Anh, 2002 1 CHLV526;
62 SEM CHLV526;
63 T bo Hull-Hull Cell Kocour M 1 CHLV526;
64 Thit b chng cht gin on , 2002 01 CHLV526;
65 Thit b iu nhit v o khuy t CHLV526;
66 Thit b o b dy lp ph dng
CHLV526;
cm tay
25
b
67 Thit b o lu bin ngu lc trn c, 2007 01 CHLV526;
68 Thit b c composite CHLV526;

CHCP525
69 Thit b hp thu Php, 2002 01 CHLV526;
70 Thit b h thng lnh M, 2006 01 CHLV526;
71 Thit b khuy cht lng M, 2002 01 CHLV526;
72 Thit b lc chng khng CHLV526;
73 Thit b lu cht M, 2002 01 CHLV526;
74 Thit b nng h khun c CHLV526;
75 Thit b nghin cu qu trnh c, 2004 01

CHLV526;
thay i nhit bn khuy
76 Thit b nghin cu qu trnh sy c, 2004 01 CHLV526;
77 Thit b nghin, ry, trn M, 2002 01 CHLV526;
78 Thit b phn ng cao p M, 2003 1 CHLV526;
79 Thit b phn ng ng th , 2002 01 CHLV526;
80 Thit b sy bng vi sng c, 2007 1 CHLV526;
81 Thit b sy phun Anh, 2005 01 CHLV526;
82 Thit b th nghim an ton v c, 2004 01

CHLV526;
iu khin ni hi
83 Thi b th nghim iu khin qu c, 2004 01

CHLV526;
trnh
84 Thit b trao i nhit , 2002 01 CHLV526;
85 Thit b trch ly lng-lng t M, 2006 1

CHLV526;
ng
86 Thit b trch ly rn-lng , 2002 01 CHLV526;
26
b
87 Thit b va p vn nng c, 2007 01 CHLV526;
CHCP525
88 T cy m c iu chnh nhit c, 2004 01 CHLV526;
89 T ht m Vit nam 1 CHLV526;
90 T ht kh c bn Vit nam 1 CHLV526;
91 T lnh -20 oC , 2008 1 CHLV526;
92 T sy c, 2007 02 CHLV526;
93 T sy chn khng c, 2006 01 CHLV526;
94 T sy i lu CHLV526;
95 XRD CHLV526;
GI C HIU TRNG
S GI D CV T TRNG I HC CN TH
27
Ngoi cc thit b c lit k Bng 3.2, Khoa Cng ngh hin c 42 phng
th nghim hin i, phc v o to v nghin cu khoa hc cho hc vin cao hc K
thut Ha hc:
- Phng My tnh 1 v 2: 60 my Pentium 4.
- Phng th nghim o lng v Cm bin: 10 my Pentium 4, cc b th
nghim hin i v k thut o cc i lng in v khng in.
- Phng th nghim thy lc kh nn: Cc b th nghim hin i v thy lc
kh nn.
- Phng th nghim iu khin qu trnh: 04 my tnh Pentium 4, cc m hnh
th nghim hin i v k thut qu trnh.
- Phng th nghim Audio v Video: 10 my Pentium 4, cc loi thit b m
thanh v hnh nh.
3.4 TH VIN
Trung tm hc liu - i hc Cn Th, tin thn l Th vin Trung tm i hc
Cn Th c T chc t thin Atlantic Philanthropies (M) ti tr xy dng mi trn
c s chuyn khong 70% vn ti liu v ton b cn b ca Th vin Trung tm sang
Trung tm Hc liu.
Trung tm Hc liu c ta lc trn din tch t 7.560 m2 ngay li vo cng
chnh ca khu II, i hc Cn Th phc v cho vic hc tp v nghin cu. Trung
tm c xy dng 4 tng vi tng din tch xy dng l 4.800 m2. Trung tm Hc
liu c thit k xy dng v sp xp mi tng ca ta nh ph hp cho tng gc hc
tp, nghin cu, lm vic c lp v theo nhm. t bit l s b tr mt cch khoa
hc dy chuyn hot ng t chc, iu hnh v phc v khch hng, to s linh hot
v d dng cho khch hng n s dng Trung tm hc liu.
T chc ca Trung tm hc liu gm:
- Phng c tng qut vi hng trm ngn u sch, tp ch
- H thng hi trng, phng chuyn , hi hp c trang b h thng a
phng tin hin i
- H thng phng cho mn sch t chn
- 500 my tnh truy cp internet min ph
- H thng phng nghip v (thu nhn v phn loi sch).
Th vin chuyn ngnh ca Khoa Cng ngh vi phng c rng ri thong
mt, hin ang c hn 16.000 u sch, tp ch khoa hc chuyn ngnh, trong c
khong 6.000 u sch ngoi vn. cc phng th nghim cn c cc loi ti liu k
thut, gio trnh - bi ging chuyn ngnh i km cc thit b, m hnh v cc h thng
iu khin. Ngoi ra, ti phng c c trang b 25 my tnh kt ni Internet gip
28
ngi hc tra cu thng tin. Th vin khoa s t chc ring mt phng c dnh cho
hc vin cao hc. Danh mc cc ti liu tng ng c trnh by trong Bng 3.3.
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Nanomaterials and
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15 Catherine M 1 CHNN511
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Lahmani, Marcel
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30
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18 Nghin Cu Khoa v K thut/ 1 CHNC506
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& vt liu lai cu Ngha nhin & Cng
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2009/ Vit Nam
Solid state Prabir K Basu, CRC Press/ 2009/

engineering physics Hrishikesh M
24 1 CHCR513
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polymers: D Menczel, R M
25 1 CHVL517
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27 and recycling Salil K. Roy M 1 CHCP525
Introduction to the Robert J. CRC Press/ 2009/

physics and Naumann M
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Compozite si thu Nguyn ng Khoa hc k
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31 Applications of Vit Nam 2 CHN523
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34 Thomas Gries, 2 CHHD510
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32
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35 of Dyeing and
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36 tng hp hu c, TPHCM/2008/
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37 Chemistry Brothers, Inc/
2008/ M
Design and Douglas John Wiley &

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Analysis of Son/ 2008/ M 2 CHXL507
38 Experiments
Design of Zivorad R. Lazic WILEY-VCH/

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39 Chemical
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Polymers for Drug Ijeoma F. CRC/Taylor &

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41 2 CHTT519
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Handbook of Gerhard WileyVCH/

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Heterogeneous 2008/ M
42 Knzinger, Ferdi 2 CHXT508
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43 2 CHXT508
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Nanomaterials and C. Brechignac Springer/2006/

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GI C HIU TRNG
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HIU TRNG
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45
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19
s, Ging vin.
Nghin cu l thuyt v cu trc in Trng B Ti, Tin s, 10
20 t, lin kt thm, lin kt ha hc v Ging vin
tnh cht ca cc cm nguyn t
Tnh ton chnh xc ca tnh cht Trng B Ti, Tin s, 10
21
nhit ng ha hc ca cc hp cht Ging vin
Pht trin cc phng php ngu Trng B Ti, Tin s, 10
22 nhin tm kim cc tiu ton cu Ging vin
ca cc hp cht
Tnh ton nguyn tc c bn trn cc Trng B Ti, Tin s, 10
vt liu c s dng cho cc cht Ging vin
23
bn dn hu c v hp th kh cng
nghip nh CO2, H2, NO, NO2
Pht trin cc trng lc cho s m Trng B Ti, Tin s, 10
24
phng ca vt liu nano Ging vin
Sy, trch ly, thm thu cc nng sn Nguyn Vn Mi, PGS 5
25
thc phm tin s, Ging vin chnh
Kho st mt s qu trnh nhit (lnh) Nguyn Vn Mi, PGS 5
26
trong bo qun v ch bin thc phm tin s, Ging vin chnh
Tng hp cc hp cht hu c c hot Bi Th Bu Hu, PGS tin 5
27
tnh sinh hc s, Ging vin chnh
Tng hp cc hp cht c hot tnh b L Thanh Phc, Tin s, 5
28
mt Ging vin.
HIU TRNG
TRNG I HC CN TH
46
3.7 CC CNG TR NH CNG B C CN B C HU
Cc cng trnh cng b tiu biu ca cn b c hu thuc ngnh ngh cho
php o to ca c s o to, trong 5 nm tr li y c trnh by Bng 3-7:
Bng 3-7 Cng trnh cng b tiu biu ca cn b c hu t nm 2008 n nm 2012
STT Tn cng trnh Tn tc gi Ngun cng b
Experimental methodology of study Trng Ch Composites Science

of damage initiation and development Thnh and Technology.
1
in textile composites in uniaxial 2008;68(12):2340-9.
tensile test
Experimental observations and finite Trng Ch Engineering Fracture

element modelling of damage Thnh Mechanics.
2 initiation and evolution in 2008;75(9):2751-66
carbon/epoxy non-crimp fabric
composites
Formation of bicyclic pyrroles and Bi Th Bu Hu European Journal of

furans through an enone allene Organic Chemistry.
3
photocycloaddition and fragmentation 2008(5):925-33
sequence
The benefits of using Guyton's model Nguyn Ch Ngn Computer Methods

in a hypotensive control system and Programs in
4
Biomedicine.
2008;89(2):153-61
Carbon composites based on multi- Trng Ch Composites Part A:

axial multi-ply stitched preforms. Part Thnh Applied Science and
5 7: Mechanical properties and damage Manufacturing.
observations in composites with 2008;39(9):1380-93
sheared reinforcement
Synthesis and physical properties of Trng B Ti Bulletin of the Korean

decylbithiophene end-capped Chemical Society.
6 oligomers based on naphthalene, 2009;30(3):618-22
anthracene and benzo[1,2-b:4,5-
b']dithiophene
Structure and electron delocalization Trng B Ti Chemical Physics

7 of the boron oxide cluster B3(BO)3 Letters. 2009;483(1-
and its anion and dianion 3):35-42
47
The roles of reaction inhomogeneity Vn Phm an Chinese Journal of

in phase separation kinetics and Thy Polymer Science
8
morpholoyg of reactive polymer (English Edition).
blends 2009;27(1):23-36
Physical aging of photo-crosslinked Vn Phm an Polymer Journal.

poly(ethyl acrylate) observed in the Thy 2009; 41(4):260-5
9
nanometer scales by mach-zehnder
interferometry
Thermochemical parameters of Trng B Ti Journal of Chemical

10 caffeine, theophylline, and xanthine Thermodynamics.
2010;42(4):437-40
Assessment of the tensile properties Trn L Qun Composites Part A:

of coir, bamboo and jute fibre Ngc Applied Science and
11
Manufacturing.
2010;41(5):588-95
Precipitation of rice bran protein Hunh Lin LWT - Food Science

12 using carrageenan and alginate Hng and Technology.
2010;43(2):375-9
Structural framework supporting Nguyn Th Hng Journal of Chemical

13 selection of extraction processes Thy Engineering of Japan.
under sustainable criteria 2010;43(2):186-95
Fabrication of asymmetric chitosan on Vn Hng Carbohydrate

14 GTR membranes for the treatment of Thin Polymers. 2010;
periodontal disease 79(4):955-63
Interactions between chitosan and on Vn Hng Biomedical Materials.

15
cells measured by AFM Thin 2010; 5(5)
Extraction and analysis of neutral Hunh Lin Bioresource

lipids from activated sludge with and Hng Technology.
16
without sub-critical water pre- 2010;101(22):8891-6
treatment
Synthesis and characterization of Trng B Ti Macromolecular

17 highly conjugated cyclopenta[def] Research.
phenanthrene-based polymers 2010;18(2):185-91.
48
Cell behaviors on micro-patterned H Quc Phong Materials Science and

porous thin films Engineering B: Solid-
State Materials for
18
Advanced
Technology.
2010;169(1-3):94-100
Thermochemistry and electronic Trng B Ti Journal of Physical

structure of small boron clusters (B n, Chemistry A.
19
n = 5 - 13) and their anions 2010;114(2):994-
1007
Thermochemical properties, Trng B Ti Chemical Physics.

electronic structure and bonding of 2010;375(1):35-45
20
mixed lithium boron clusters (B nLi,
n = 1-8) and their anions
Lithium atom can be doped at the Trng B Ti Chemical Physics

center of a germanium cage: The Letters. 2010;492(4-
21
stable icosahedral Ge12Li- cluster 6):290-6
and derivatives
The high stability of boron-doped Trng B Ti Chemical Physics

lithium clusters Li5B, Li6B+/- and Letters. 2010;489(1-
22
Li7B: A case of the 3):75-80
phenomenological shell model
Thermochemical properties and Trng B Ti Journal of Physical

electronic structure of boron oxides Chemistry A.
23
BnOm (n = 5-10, m = 1-2) and their 2010;114(8):2893-
anions 912
Structure and stability of aluminium Trng B Ti Physical Chemistry

doped lithium clusters (Li nAl 0/+, n Chemical Physics.
24
= 1-8): A case of the 2010;12(37):11477-
phenomenological shell model 86
Wetting behaviour and surface Trn L Qun Colloids and Surfaces

properties of technical bamboo fibres Ngc A: Physicochemical
25 and Engineering
Aspects. 2011;380(1-
3):89-99
49
Techno-economic and environmental Nguyn Th Hng Environmental

assessment of bioethanol-based Thy Progress and
26
chemical process: A case study on Sustainable Energy.
ethyl acetate 2011;30(4):675-8
Isolation and analysis of wax esters Hunh Lin Bioresource

from activated sludge Hng Technology.
27
2011;102(20):9518-
23
Analysis of soluble and insoluble Hunh Lin Carbohydrate

28 fractions of alkali and subcritical Hng Polymers.
water treated sugarcane bagasse 2011;83(2):591-9
Towards applications of metal- ng Hunh Giao Journal of Molecular

organic frameworks in catalysis: Catalysis A:
29 Friedel-Crafts acylation reaction over Chemical.
IRMOF-8 as an efficient 2011;349(1-2):28-35
heterogeneous catalyst
Reply to "comment on 'electronic Trng B Ti Journal of Physical

structures, vibrational and Chemistry A.
30 thermochemical properties of neutral 2011;115(48):14127-
and charged niobium clusters Nb n, n 8
= 7-12
Electronic structures, vibrational and Trng B Ti Journal of Physical

thermochemical properties of neutral Chemistry A.
31
and charged niobium clusters Nb n 2011;115(15):3523-
35
Electronic structures and Trng B Ti ChemPhysChem.

thermochemical properties of the 2011;12(16):2948-58
32
small silicon-doped boron clusters
BnSi (n=1-7) and their anions
The group 14 cationic clusters by Trng B Ti Chemical Physics

encapsulation of coinage metals Letters. 2011;502(4-
33 X10M +, with X = Ge, Sn, Pb and M 6):187-93
= Cu, Ag, Au: Enhanced stability of
40 valence electron systems
50
Enhanced stability by three- Trng B Ti Journal of Physical

dimensional aromaticity of Chemistry A.
34 endohedrally doped clusters X 10M 2011;115(35):9993-9
0/- with X = Ge, Sn, Pb and M = Cu,
Ag, Au
A stochastic search for the structures Trng B Ti Journal of Chemical

of small germanium clusters and their Theory and
35 anions: Enhanced stability by Computation.
spherical aromaticity of the Ge 10 2011;7(4):1119-30
and Ge 12 2- systems
Electronic structure and Trng B Ti Journal of Physical

thermochemical properties of small Chemistry A.
36 neutral and cationic lithium clusters 2011;115(26):7673-
and boron-doped lithium clusters: Li 86
n 0/+ and Lin B 0/+ (n = 1-8)
Evolution of structures and stabilities Trng B Ti Chemical Physics.

of zinc-doped tin clusters SnnZn, n = 2011;388(1-3):1-8
37 1-12. Three-dimensional aromaticity
of the magic clusters Sn10Zn and
Sn12Zn
Wetting analysis and surface Trn L Qun Colloids and Surfaces

characterisation of coir fibres used as Ngc A: Physicochemical
38 reinforcement for composites and Engineering
Aspects. 2011;377(1-
3):251-60
Phase separation of polymer mixtures Vn Phm an Current Opinion in

driven by photochemical reactions: Thy Solid State and
39
Complexity and fascination Materials Science.
2011;15(6):254-6
Formation and relaxation of the Vn Phm an Polymer.

elastic strain generated by Thy 2011;52(3):739-45
40 photocuring in polymer blends
monitored by Mach-Zehnder
interferometry
Cutting edge technologies in Nguyn Trng Journey to the centre

41 postharvest research Ngha of the fruit. 2012. p.
173-80
51
Synthesis of the tricyclic core of Bi Th Bu Hu European Journal of

solanoeclepin A through Organic Chemistry.
42 intramolecular [2+2] 2012(1):127-37
photocycloaddition of an allene
butenolide
The -conjugated P-flowers C16(PH)8 Trng B Ti Physical Chemistry

and C16(PF)8 are potential materials Chemical Physics.
43
for organic n-type semiconductors 2012;14(43):14832-
41
Catalyst-free fatty acid methyl ester Hunh Lin Bioresource

production from wet activated sludge Hng Technology.
44
under subcritical water and methanol 2012;123:112-6
condition
Irresolvable complex mixture of Hunh Lin Journal of Separation

45 hydrocarbons in soybean oil Hng Science.
deodorizer distillate 2012;35(2):327-33
Synthesis of biodiesel in subcritical Hunh Lin Fuel. 2012

46 water and methanol Hng & H
Quc Phong
Purification and identification of Hunh Lin Separation and

47 endogenous and exogenous minor Hng Purification Reviews.
constituents from vegetable oils 2012;41(1):62-96
Electronic structure and Trng B Ti Journal of

thermochemical properties of silicon- Computational
48
doped lithium clusters LinSi 0/+, n = Chemistry.
1-8: New insights on their stability 2012;33(7):800-9
The Boron conundrum: The case of Trng B Ti Theoretical Chemistry

49 cationic clusters B n +with n = 2-20 Accounts.
2012;131(6):1-15
Structure of boron clusters revisited, Trng B Ti Chemical Physics

50 Bn with n = 14-20 Letters. 2012;530:71-
6
Thermochemical parameters and Trng B Ti Journal of Physical

growth mechanism of the boron- Chemistry C.
51
doped silicon clusters, SinB q with n 2012;116(37):20086-
= 1-10 and q = -1, 0, +1 98
52
Synthesis of electrosprayed chitosan on Vn Hng Nano Life.

52 nanoparticles for drug sustained Thin 2012;2(1):1250003
release
Electrospun chitosan/hydroxyapatite on Vn Hng Journal of Materials

53 nanofibers for bone tissue Thin Science. 2012:1-6
engineering
Maximizing biodiesel production Hunh Lin Bioresource

from Yarrowia lipolytica Po1g Hng Technology.
54
biomass using subcritical water 2012;111:201-7
pretreatment
Oil production from Yarrowia Hunh Lin Journal of

lipolytica Po1g using rice bran Hng & H Biomedicine and
55
hydrolysate Quc Phong Biotechnology.
2012;2012
Defatted cashew nut shell starch as Hunh Lin Carbohydrate

renewable polymeric material: Hng, H Quc Polymers.
56
Isolation and characterization Phong, Trng 2012;87(4):2576-81
Ch Thnh
Extraction, identification and Hunh Lin Industrial Crops and

quantitative HPLC analysis of Hng Products.
57
flavonoids from sarang semut 2013;41(1):392-6
(Myrmecodia pendan)
HIU TRNG
TRNG I HC CN TH
53
PHN 4: CHNG TR NH O TO
4.1 MC TIU
Mc tiu chung ca chng trnh o to Thc s ngnh Cng ngh Ha hc l
gip cho hc vin b sung v nng cao kin thc thuyt, nng cao k nng thc hnh,
c kh nng lm vic nghin cu c lp nhng vn thuc lnh vc Cng ngh Ha
hc.
Khi kin thc c trang b trong chng trnh o to ny bao gm 51 tn
ch, trong hc phn trit theo qui nh chung l 2 tn ch, mn ting Anh khng tnh
tn ch nhng hc vin phi t chun theo qui nh chung ca b; nhm kin thc c
s v chuyn ngnh bt buc gm 24 tn ch theo qui nh ca b (chim t nht 50%).
Nhm kin thc chuyn ngnh t chn gm 15 tn ch. Lun vn tt nghip 10 tn ch.
Hc vin tt nghip thc s ngnh K thut Ha hc t tiu chun:
- C phm cht chnh tr, o c, c thc phc v nhn dn, c trnh cao
p ng nhu cu pht trin kinh t - x hi, khoa hc - cng ngh ca t
nc.
- C kin thc chuyn mn vng vng; c k nng thc hnh v kh nng thch
ng cao trc s pht trin ca khoa hc, k thut v kinh t.
- C kh nng tham gia ging dy, t vn, xut, ch tr, trin khai cc d n
k thut, phc v cng cuc pht trin kinh t ca vng BSCL.
- C kh nng c lp v phi hp nghin cu, c th tip tc lm Nghin
cu sinh nhm ngnh K thut ha hc.
4.2 CHNG TR NH O TO
Chng trnh o to c cu trc theo Thng t s 10/2011/TT-BGDT
ngy 28/02/2011 v quy ch o to trnh thc s ca B Gio dc v o to, ch
yu nhm trang b cc kin thc v k nng thc hnh chuyn mn trong lnh vc o
to. V chuyn mn, chng trnh c xy dng c tham kho chng trnh o to
thc s ngnh Cng ngh ha hc Trng i hc Bch khoa TP. H Ch Minh nm
2011, H Khoa hc v k thut quc gia i Loan c iu chnh cho ph hp vi
iu kin ca Khoa CN, trng HCT.
Chng trnh gm 51 tn ch (Bng 4.1 v 4.2), c cu trc thnh 03 phn:
a) Phn 1 - Kin thc chung (26 tn ch): Bao gm Trit hc v Ngoi ng
nhm trang b nhng kin thc v phng php lun v phng tin gip hc vin hc
tp cc mn phn kin thc c s, chuyn ngnh v nghin cu thc hin ti
54
Lun vn. Ring hc phn ngoi ng s khng c t chc ging dy m xem xt
chun ngoi ng u ra theo qui nh hin hnh.
b) Phn 2 - Kin thc c s v chuyn ngnh (15 tn ch): gm nhng hc phn
b sung v nng cao kin thc c s v lin ngnh, m rng v cp nht kin thc
chuyn ngnh phng php lun nghin cu khoa hc ca ngnh, gip hc vin nm
vng l thuyt, l lun v nng lc thc hnh, kh nng hot ng thc tin c th
gii quyt nhng vn chuyn mn.
c) Phn 3 - Lun vn thc s (10 tn ch): bao gm cng v lun vn thc s.
Lun vn thc s l mt ti khoa hc c th do hc vin t xut hoc do
ban ging hun gi . ti t xut ca hc vin phi c ngi hng dn ng
v Hi ng khoa hc ca Khoa duyt - chp thun. V nguyn tc, lun vn thc s
l ti khoa hc ca hc vin thc s. Hc vin phi ch ng xut ti v t tm
thy hng dn ph hp cho lun vn ca mnh. Hc vin phi lm cng nghin
cu v ngh ngi hng dn. Khoa CN s duyt cng v ngi hng dn.
Trong trng hp hc vin c cng nghin cu nhng cha tm c thy
hng dn, Khoa CN s gip hc vin tm thy hng dn bng cch gii thiu thy
hng dn. Khoa CN khng p t ti v phn cng thy hng dn cho cc hc
vin thc s.
i vi cc ti do hc vin t xut, Khoa CN khuyn khch cc ti
nghin cu khoa hc gn lin vi thc tin sn xut, dch v cc c quan, doanh
nghip; gn lin vi yu cu khoa hc cng ngh, vi cng cuc cng nghip ha-hin
i ha ca a phng v ca t nc.
Bng 4-1 Chng trnh o to

M hc phn Khi lng (Tn ch)
Phn Phn Tn hc phn Tng TH, TN,

LT
ch s s TL
Cc hc phn chung 2 2 0
Trit hc 2 2 0
Theo qui nh
Ting Anh 0
chung
Cc hc phn bt buc c s v chuyn ngnh 24 22 2
CHPT 501 Cc phng php phn tch ha l 3 2 1
55

LT
ch s s TL
CHCN 502 Chuyn nghin cu 3 3 0
CHHC 503 Ha hu c nng cao 3 3 0
CHMT 504 K thut mi trng nng cao 3 2 1
CHPU 505 K thut phn ng nng cao 3 3 0
Phng php lun nghin cu khoa

CHNC 506 3 3 0
hc
CHXL 507 Thit k v x l s liu th nghim 3 3 0
CHXT 508 Xc tc d th 3 3 0
Cc hc phn t chn chuyn ngnh 15
Cu trc pha v cu trc hnh thi

CHCT 509 3 2 1
ca vt liu polymer
CHHD 510 Cng ngh ha dt 3 3 0
CHNN 511 Cng ngh Nano 3 3 0
CHK 512 iu khin qu trnh nng cao 3 2 1
CHCR 513 Ha hc cht rn 3 3 0
CHLT 514 Ha hc lng t 3 3 0
CHHX 515 Ha hc xanh 3 3 0
CHHL 516 Ha hng liu m phm 3 3 0
Khoa hc v cng ngh vt liu

CHVL 517 3 2 1
polymer
CHCK 518 K thut chn khng v mng mng 3 3 0
CHTT 519 K thut dn truyn thuc 3 3 0
CHKL 520 K thut lnh 3 3 0
CHSH 521 K thut sinh hc phn t 3 3 0
56

LT
ch s s TL
CHKS 522 K thut sy 3 3 0
Nhit ng lc hc trong CNHH

CHN 523 3 3 0
nng cao
CHTV 524 Truyn vn 3 3 0
CHCP 525 Vt liu composite nng cao 3 2 1
Cc hc phn tt nghip 10 0 10
CHLV 526 Lun vn thc s 10 0 10
Tng cng
Khi hc phn chung: 2 tn ch Cc hc phn bt buc: 24 tn ch
Cc hc phn t chn: 15 tn ch Lun vn tt nghip: 10 tn ch
Tng cng: 51 tn ch
Th trng c s th m nh Th trng c s o to ngh

chng trnh o to
cho ph p o to
(K tn, ng du)
(K tn, ng du)
57
Bng 4-2 Tn ting Anh ca chng trnh o to
Sum
CODE COURSE NAME Lect. Lab.
(CPs)
General Courses 2 2 0
TDTH-500 Phylosophy 2 2 0
English 0 TEOFL 450
Core Courses 24
CHNC 501 Physical-Chemistry Analysis 3 2 1
CHCN 502 Seminar 3 3 0
CHPU 503 Advanced organic chemistry 3 3 0
Advanced Environmental
CHPT 504 3 2 1
Engineering
Advanced Chemical Reactor

CHHC 505 3 3 0
Engineering
CHNC 506 Scientific Research Methodology 3 3 0
CHXL 507 Experimental design 3 3 0
CHXT 508 Hetero catalyst 3 3 0
Selective courses 15
Phase Structure and Morphology

CHCT 509 3 2 1
of Polymers
Technology of Textile
CHHD 510 3 3 0
Technology
CHNN 511 Nano Technology 3 3 0
CHK 512 Advance Process Control 3 2 1
CHCR 513 Solid State Chemistry 3 3 0
58
Sum
CODE COURSE NAME Lect. Lab.
(CPs)
CHLT 514 Quantum chemistry 3 3 0
CHHX 515 Green Chemistry 3 3 0
CHHL 516 Fragrance & Cosmetic 3 3 0
CHVL 517 Polymer Science and Technology 3 2 1
CHCK 518 Vacuum and thin film technology 3 3 0
CHTT 519 Drug Delivery Technology 3 3 0
CHKL 520 Refrigeration Technology 3 3 0
CHPM 521 Biomolecular Engineering 3 3 0
CHKS 522 Drying Technology 3 3 0
Advanced Chemical Engineering

CHN 523 3 3 0
Thermodynamics
CHTV 524 Transport phenomena 3 3 0
CHCP 525 Advanced Composite Materials 3 2 1
Graduation Courses 10 0 10
CHLV 527 Masters thesis 10 0 10
Total
Gerneal courses: 2 Cps

Core courses: 24 Cps
Elective courses: 15 Cps
Graduation courses: 10 Cps
Total: 51 Cps
59
Bng 4-3 Phn cng cn b ging dy cc mn
TT Mn hc Gio vin ging dy 1 Gio vin ging dy 2

&3
1. Trit hc TS. inh Ngc Quyn TS. L Duy Sn
2. Ting anh
3. Cc phng php phn TS. Hunh K Phng TS. Nguyn Tr Tun

tch ha l H1
ThS. ng Hunh Giao
4. Chuyn nghin cu TS. Trng Ch Thnh TS. Vn Phm an Thy
ThS. Trn L Qun Ngc
5. K thut phn ng nng TS. on Vn Hng ThS. Trn Nam Nghip

cao Thin
6. Phng php lun nghin TS. Nguyn Ch Ngn TS. Trng Ch Thnh
cu khoa hc
7. Ha hu c nng cao PGS-TS. Bi Th Bu TS. L Thanh Phc

Hu
8. K thut mi trng TS. Nguyn V Chu ThS. Lng Hunh V

Ngn Thanh
9. Truyn vn TS. Nguyn Th Hng TS. on Vn Hng

Thy Thin
10. Cng ngh Nano TS. Nguyn Tr Tun TS. on Vn Hng

Thin
11. Nhit ng lc hc trong TS. Trng B Ti TS. Nguyn Th Hng

CNHH nng cao Thy
12. Vt liu composite nng TS. Trng Ch Thnh ThS. Nguyn Minh Tr
cao
ThS. Trn L Qun Ngc
13. iu khin qu trnh TS. Ng Quang Hiu TS. Trn Thanh Hng
nng cao
TS. V Minh Tr
14. K thut chn khng v TS. Nguyn Tr Tun TS. Nguyn Thnh Tin
mng mng
60
TT Mn hc Gio vin ging dy 1 Gio vin ging dy 2
&3
15. Xc tc d th TS. Nguyn Quang Long TS. H Quc Phong
16. K thut sinh hc phn TS. Hunh Lin Hng TS. H Quc Phong
t
17. Thit k v x l s liu TS. Trn Trung Tnh ThS. L c Duy
th nghim
18. Ha lng t TS. Trng B Ti TS. Nguyn Thnh Tin
19. Khoa hc v cng ngh TS. Vn Phm an Thy ThS. Phng Thanh V
vt liu polymer
20. K thut sy PGS-TS. Nguyn Vn TS. Dng Thi Cng2
Mi ThS. Nguyn Trng
Ngha
21. Ha hc cht rn TS. L Minh Vin1 ThS. Ng Trng Ngc
Mai
22. Cng ngh ha dt TS. Phm Thnh Qun1 TS. H Quc Phong
ThS. ng Th T Nga
23. Cu trc pha v cu trc GS-TS. Qui Tran-Cong TS. Vn Phm an Thy
hnh thi ca vt liu Miyata3
polymer
24. K thut dn truyn TS. on Vn Hng ThS. Nguyn Dng
thuc Thin Thanh Thi
25. Ha hng liu m phm TS. H Quc Phong TS. Hunh Lin Hng
26. K thut lnh TS. Nguyn Vn Cng ThS. Nguyn Trng
Ngha
27. Ha hc xanh TS. L Thanh Phc TS. Nguyn Trng Tun
(1) i hc Bch Khoa TP. H Ch Minh
(2) Trung tm i hc ti chc Cn Th
(3) Vin Khoa hc Cng ngh Kyoto, Nht Bn

chng trnh o to cho ph p o to
(K tn, ng du) (K tn, ng du)
61
4.2.1 NH GI HC PHN
nh gi qu trnh hc tp, do ging vin quyt nh, bao gm:
+ Thi gia k
+ n mn hc/Thc tp
+ Thi cui k (khng di 50%)
i vi hc phn lun vn tt nghip, im hc phn l im trung bnh ca 4
loi im sau:
+ im 1: Cn b hng dn chm
+ im 2: Cn b phn bin th nht chm
+ im 3: Cn b phn bin th hai chm
+ im 4: im trung bnh ca hi ng
im hc phn c chm trn thang im 10 vi im l 0,25 theo qui ch s
10/2011/TT-BGDT ngy 28/02/2011 v o to trnh thc s ca B Gio Dc v
o to.
4.2.2 IU KIN TT NGHIP

Hc vin c cng nhn tt nghip khi:
a. hc xong v t yu cu cc mn hc trong chng trnh o to;
b. Bo v lun vn tt nghip t yu cu;
c. ng hc ph y ;
d. Khng ang trong thi gian chu k lut t hnh thc cnh co tr ln hoc
ang trong thi gian b truy cu trch nhim hnh s;
e. Khng b khiu ni, t co v ni dung khoa hc trong lun vn.
f. Trnh ngoi ng: t c mc tng ng cp B1 hoc bc 3/6
ca Khung Chu u chung theo ph lc III ca Thng t 10/2011/TT-
BGDT ngy 28/02/2011 v Ban hnh Quy ch o to trnh thc s.

chng trnh o to
cho ph p o to
(K tn, ng du)
(K tn, ng du)
62
PH LC
PH LC I: CNG CHI TIT CC MN HC
TRIT HC ................................................................................................................... 64
CC PHNG PHP PHN TCH HA L ............................................................ 67
CHUYN NGHIN CU ...................................................................................... 71
HA HU C NNG CAO ........................................................................................ 73
K THUT MI TRNG NNG CAO .................................................................. 76
K THUT PHN NG NNG CAO ....................................................................... 80
PHNG PHP LUN NGHIN CU KHOA HC ............................................... 83
THIT K V X L S LIU TH NGHIM ........................................................ 88
XC TC D TH ........................................................................................................ 92
CU TRC PHA V CU TRC HNH THI CA VT LIU POLYMER ........ 96
CNG NGH HA DT.............................................................................................. 98
CNG NGH NANO ................................................................................................. 101
IU KHIN QU TRNH ....................................................................................... 105
HA HC CHT RN .............................................................................................. 109
HA LNG T ....................................................................................................... 112
HA HC XANH ....................................................................................................... 115
HA HNG LIU & M PHM ........................................................................... 119
KHOA HC V CNG NGH VT LIU POLYMER.......................................... 122
K THUT CHN KHNG V MNG MNG .................................................... 125
K THUT VN TRUYN THUC ....................................................................... 128
K THUT LNH ..................................................................................................... 131
K THUT SINH HC PHN T ........................................................................... 133
K THUT SY ........................................................................................................ 136
NHIT NG LC HC K THUT NNG CAO ............................................... 139
TRUYN VN............................................................................................................ 143
VT LIU COMPOSITE NNG CAO ..................................................................... 147
63
TRIT HC
M s:
S TC: 2 (2 LT, 0 TH)
Ging vin hc phn: 1. TS. inh Ngc Quyn
2. TS. L Duy Sn
n v ph trch: Khoa Khoa hc chnh tr, i hc Cn Th.
M T MN HC
Hc phn k tha nhng kin thc bc i hc v pht trin thm nhng ni

dung c bn trong trit hc Mc- Lnin. y l hc phn chung cho cc chuyn ngnh
o to thc s ti trng i hc Cn Th.
MC TIU
Trn c s nhng ni dung c bn v trit hc bc i hc, chng trnh c b

sung, pht trin nhm nng cao tnh hin i gn lin vi cc thnh tu mi ca khoa hc
cng ngh, vi nhng vn ca thi i, ca t nc t ra. Nng cao nng lc cho
hc vin trong vic vn dng nhng nguyn l ca Trit hc Mc-Lnin, t tng H Ch
Minh vo vic gii quyt nhng vn t ra trong hot ng thc tin.
NI DUNG CHI TIT MN HC
L thuyt: 30 tit
- Lc kho Trit hc v vai tr ca Trit hc trong i sng x hi
- Lc kho Trit hc Phng ng
- Lc kho Trit hc Phng ty
- Lc kho Trit hc Mc-Lnin
- Ch ngha duy vt bin chng C s l lun ca th gii quan khoa hc
- Php bin chng duy vt Phng php lun nhn thc khoa hc v thc tin
- Thng nht gia l lun v thc tin Nguyn tc cn bn ca trit hc Mc-
Lnin
- Hc thuyt hnh thi kinh t - x hi v con ng i ln Ch ngha x hi Vit
Nam
64
- Giai cp, dn tc, nhn loi trong thi i ngy nay v vn dng vo s nghip
i mi Vit Nam
- L lun v Nh nc v Nh nc php quyn x hi ch ngha Vit Nam
- Trit hc Mc-Lnin v con ngi v vn xy dng con ngi Vit Nam hin
nay.
YU CU V I HI CA MN HC
Hc phn s c trnh by nh sau:

- Din ging: 25 tit
- Tiu lun: 10 tit
Hc vin phi tham d t nht 80% cc bui din ging v thi. Mi hc vin thc
hin mt tiu lun mn hc.
PHNG PHP NH GI:
- Tiu lun: 40%

- Thi ht mn: 60%
-
K HOCH T VN MN HC
hc tp tt cc hc vin cn theo d cc gi thuyt ging. Su tm v khai thc

cc ti liu lin quan.
Cc hc vin c th trao i, tho lun trc tip vi ging vin ph trch mn
trong gi t vn. Gi t vn theo lch: 2 tit/tun.
TRANG THIT B CN THIT
My chiu hoc n chiu.
TI LIU THAM KHO
1. Trit hc (dng cho nghin cu sinh v hc vin cao hc khng thuc chuyn
ngnh trit) tp 1, 2, 3, NXB CTQG, H Ni 1999.
65
2. Cc-Mc, Ph.ngghen: "H t tng c". Mc-ngghen Ton tp, NXB
Chnh tr Quc gia H Ni, 1995.
4. Ph.ngghen: Bin chng ca t nhin, Nxb S tht, H Ni, 1971.
5. Ph.ngghen: Chng uy - rinh, Nxb S tht, H Ni, 1984
6. Ch ngha duy vt v ch ngha kinh nghim ph phn (V.I. Lnin)
Th tr ng c s th m nh Th tr ng c s o t o ngh
ch ng tr nh o t o cho ph p o t o
66
CC PHNG PHP PHN TCH HA L
M s: CHPT 501
S TC: 3 (2 LT, 1 TH)
Ging vin hc phn: TS. Hunh K Phng H
TS. Hunh Lin Hng
ThS. ng Hunh Giao
n v ph trch: Khoa Cng Ngh, i hc Cn Th.
M T MN HC
Mn hc c m rng trn c s hc vin hc mn Ha i cng v ha

phn tch i hc. Mn hc ny trang b cho ngi hc nhng kin thc c h thng v
cc phng php phn tch ha l nh: cc phng php phn tch quang ph (UV vis,
IR), cc phng php phn tch sc k (sc k lng, sc k kh, sc k trao i ion), cc
phng php phn tch in ha (chun in ha, cc ph).
MC TIU
Sau khi hc xong, hc vin s nm vng l thuyt v ng dng trong nghin cu

ca cc phng php phn tch ha l nh phng php quang ph, phng php sc k,
v phng php in ha.
L thuyt: 30 tit
Ch ng Ni dung S tit TLTK

1 Cc ph ng php phn tch phn t 6 [1],
1.1 Bc x in t - cc tnh cht ca bc x i t [2],
1.2 Tng tc gia vt cht v nh sang Phn loi [3],
cc phng php phn tch quang ph [4]
1.3 S chuyn mc nng lng v qui tc chon lc
trong ph phn t
1.4 Ph hp thu phn t UV-Vis: C s l thuyt ca
ph kh kin; nh lut hp thu c bn; cc i
lng thng dng trong phng php hp thu
phn t UV Vis
67
1.5 Ph hunh quang phn t: L thuyt v ph
hunh quang phn t; Cu trc ca cc hp cht
hunh quang; ng dng ca phng php hunh
quang phn t
Cc ph ng php phn tch ph nguyn t 6 [1],
2.1 Ph hp thu nguyn t (AAS): L thuyt v ph [2]
hp thu nguyn t; ng dng ca phng php
hp thu nguyn t
2.2 Ph pht x nguyn t (AES): L thuyt v ph
pht x nguyn t; ng dng ca phng php
2 pht x nguyn t
2.3 Ph pht x cm ng plasma (ICP AES) v
khi ph cm ng plasma (ICP MS): l thuyt
v ph pht x cm ng plasma; l thuyt v
khi ph cm ng plasma; ng dng ca ph
pht x cm ng plasma; ng dng ca khi ph
cm ng plasma
Cc ph ng php phn tch sc k 10 [1],
3.1 C s l thuyt phng php sc k [2]
3.2 Sc k lng: gii thiu chung v phng php
sc k lng; pha tnh trong sc k lng; pha ng
trong sc k lng
3 3.3 Sc k kh: gii thiu chung v phng php sc
k kh; pha tnh trong sc k kh; pha ng trong
sc k kh
3.4 Sc k trao i ion: gii thiu chung v phng
php sc k trao i ion; pha tnh trong sc k
trao i ion; pha ng trong sc k trao i ion
Cc ph ng php phn tch in ha 8 [1],
4.1 C s l thuyt phng php in ha [2]
4.2 Phng php chun in th: nguyn tc
phng php chun in th; cc loi in cc
s dng trong phng php chun in th;
ng dng ca phng php chun in th
4 4.3 Phng php cc ph - Volt Ample: gii thiu s
lc v phng php cc ph; dng gii hn v
gii hn khuch tn , dng in di; phng trnh
sng catod v anod; th bn sng v tnh th bn
sng; cc yu t nh hng n qu trnh ghi cc
ph; nh tnh v nh lng trong phng php
cc ph v volt-ample; thit b dng trong
68
phng php cc ph v volt-ample
Thc hnh: 30 tit
TT Bi TH, TN S tit TLTK

1 Phn tch ph nguyn t 8
2 Phn tch ph phn t 6
3 Phn tch sc k 10
4 Phn tch in ha 6

- Din ging: 30 tit
- Thc hnh: 30 tit
Hc vin phi tham d y cc bui thc tp
PHNG PHP NH GI:
- Thc tp: 40%

- Thi ht mn: 60% (bi tp, bo co chuyn : 20%; gia k 30%; cui k:
50%)
K HOCH T VN MN HC

69
My chiu v PTN ha phn tch
TI LIU THAM KHO
[1] H Vit Qu. Cc phng php phn tch quang hc trong ha hc, NXB
HQG H Ni, H Ni, 1999.
[2] T Vn Mc. Phn tch ha l, NXB khoa hc v k thut, H Ni, 2001
[3] Phm Hng Vit. Cc phng php phn tch sc k. NXB Khoa hc v k
thut, H Ni, 2001
[4] Nguyn nh Triu, Cc phng php phn tch vt l v ha l, NXB Khoa
hc v k thut, H Ni, 2001
[5] Rober D. Braun, Introduction to Instrumental Ananlysis, Pharma Book
Syndicate, 2006
[6] F.W. Fifield, D. Kealey. Principles and Practice of Analytical Chemistry,
Blackwell Science. Inc, 2005
[7] A. Braithwaite, F. J Smith, Chromatographic Methods, Kluwer Academic,
1999.
70
CHUYN NGHIN CU
M s: CHCN 502
S TC: 3
Ging vin hc phn: TS. Trng Ch Thnh
TS. Vn Phm an Thy
ThS. Trn L Qun Ngc
M T MN HC
Mn hc ny nhm trang b cho sinh vin nhng kin thc mi, nhng ch
nng ang c nghin cu hin nay c lin quan n cng ngh ha hc v ng dng
ca cng ngh ha hc: nng lng mi, cng ngh nano, cn ngh y sinh
MC TIU
Hang tun hc vin c nghe bo co ca nhng chuyn gia, gio s, nghin cu

sinh v nhng vn ang nghin cu ca h. T hc vin c th cp nht tnh
hnh nghin cu hin nay ca Vit Nam & th gii.
L thuyt: 45 tit

1 Tnh cht nhit ng lc hc trong ha hc, iu 5
khin qu trnh, k thut h thng
2 Sinh ha, ha dc v cng ngh y sinh 5
3 Vt liu polymer, composite 5
4 K thut mi trng 5
5 Nng lng sch, nng lng mi 5
6 Khoa hc v nano, Xc tc 5
7 Cng ngh v c 5
8 Nhin liu sinh hc 5
9 Cng ngh hu c, ha du, vt liu MOF 5
71

- Din ging: 45 tit
PHNG PHP NH GI:
- Tham d 10%, t cu hi 20%, vit bo co 70%
K HOCH T VN MN HC

My chiu
TI LIU THAM KHO
72
HA HU C NNG CAO
M s: CHHC 503
S TC: 3
Ging vin hc phn: PGS TS. Bi Th Bu Hu
TS. L Thanh Phc
n v ph trch: Khoa Khoa hc T nhin, i hc Cn Th.
M T MN HC
Mn hc ny cung cp cc phng php ch yu c s dng trong tng hp

hu c hin i nh phn ng to lin kt C-C, lin kt C=C, cc phn ng ng vng,
oxy ha, phn ng kh v cc phng php bo v nhm chc trong phn ng tng hp
hu c
MC TIU
Mn hc ny pht trin trn c s mn ha hu c ca chng trnh i hc. Sau

khi hc xong, hc vin s nm vng l thuyt v ng dng cc phng php tng hp v
cc phng php bo v nhm chc trong nghin cu tng hp hu c.
L thuyt: 45 tit

1 S h nh th nh lin kt n C C 6 [1],
1.1 Phn ng alkyl ha ca enolat v enamin [2],
1.2 Phn ng cng lin hp ca cc ion enolat v [3],
enamin [4]
1.3 Phng php bt i xng vi enolat v enamin
1.4 Phn ng aldol ha
1.5 Tc cht c kim
S h nh th nh lin kt i C = C 9 [1],
2.1 Phn ng kh v tr [2]
2
2.2 Phn ng ng thi kh v nhit phn
2.3 Phn ng phn mnh
73
2.4 S to thnh alken t hp cht hydrazon
2.5 S to thnh alken t hp cht 1,2 diol
2.6 S to thnh alken t alkyn
2.7 Phn ng Wittig
Phn ng ng vng 9 [1],
3.1 Gii thiu phn ng Diels Alder [2]
3.2 Phn ng cng hp vng Diels Alder
3.3 Phn ng cng hp vng vi cation allyl v anion
3 allyl
3.4 Phn ng cng hp vng 1,3 lng cc
3.5 Phn ng ng vng ha electron
3.6 Phn ng cng hp ca cacben vo nitren va
alken
Phn ng oxy ha 9 [1],
4.1 Cc gc t do [2]
4.2 Cacben v cc vn ca cacben
4.3 Cc phng php tng hp mi
4
4.4 Phng php siu m
4.5 Phng php in ha
4.6 Phng php t bo nng lng
4.7 Phng php mi trng CO2 siu ti hn
Phn ng kh 9 [1]
5.1 Phng php hydro ha xc tc [4]
- Xc tc ca phn ng
- Tnh chn lc ca phn ng
- Tnh kh ca cc nhm chc
5
- C ch v cu hnh
5.2 Phng php s dng kim loi ha tan
- Kh vi kim loi v axit
- Kh ca nm cacbonyl
- Kh vi kim loi trong mi trng amoniac
Phn ng kh 6 [1]
6.1 Khi nim bo v nhm chc [4]
6.2 Bo v nhm alcol
6
6.3 Bo v nhm chc cacboxylic
6.4 Bo v nhm chc amino
6.5 Bo v nhm chc cacbonyl
74
- Din ging: 45 tit
PHNG PHP NH GI:
- Bi tp, bo co chuyn : 20%; gia k 30%; cui k: 50%)
K HOCH T VN MN HC

My chiu
TI LIU THAM KHO
[1] W. Caruthers, Iain Coldham. Modern Methods of Organic Synthesis (4th ed),
Cambridge University Press, 2004
[2] George Zweifel, Michael Nantz. Solutions Manual for Modern Organic
Synthesis: An introduction. W. H. Freeman, 2006
[3] Jrgen-Hinrich Fuhrhop, Guangtao Li, E. J. Corey. Organic
Synthesis: Concepts and Methods, Wiley-VCH; 3rd ed, 2003
[4] Jonathan Clayden, Nick Greeves, Stuart Warren, Peter Wothers. Organic
Chemistry. OUP Oxford, 2001.
75
K THUT MI TRNG NNG CAO
M s: CHMT 504
S TC: 3 (35 l thuyt, 10 thc t)
Ging vin hc phn: TS. Nguyn V Chu Ngn
TS. Nguyn Xun Hong
ThS. Lng Hunh V Thanh
n v ph trch: Khoa Mi trng & Ti nguyn thin nhin - i hc Cn Th
M T MN HC
Mn hc ny gm 5 chng cung cp nhng kin thc nng cao trong qun l v k

thut x l nhim mi trng: nhim nc (nc mt, nc ngm), nhim t, cht
thi rn, kh thi, cht thi nguy hi Cc dng nhim, cc k thut x l c bn v
nng cao, cc gii php gim thiu v ngn nga nhim cng c lng nghp trong
tng ni dung c th. Cc v d in hnh trong ng dng cc k thut nng cao x l
tng dng nhim c th trn th gii v ti BSCL.
MC TIU
- Gii thiu cc kin thc v qun l v x l mi trng (t, nc, cht thi rn,
nng cao, cc cng ngh v k thut x l trit , hiu qu.
L thuyt: 35 tit
Ch ng Ni dung S tit
1 Mi tr ng v ti nguyn 5
1.1 Mi trng v cc chc nng c bn
1.2 Phn loi mi trng
1.3 Ti nguyn mi trng
1.4 nhim mi trng
2 nhim t v gii php x l 6

2.1 Ngun gc v thnh phn cht nhim
76
Ch ng Ni dung S tit
2.2 nh gi v c lng nhim
2.3 Cc gii php k thut nng cao phc hi vng nhim
3 Cht thi rn v cc bin php x l 6

3.1 Ngun gc v thnh phn nhim
3.2 Cc gii php gim thiu v ngn nga nhim
3.3 X l sinh hc
3.4 X l nhit
3.5 Bi chn lp hp v sinh v kiu b phn ng sinh hc
3.6 K thut x l nng cao
4 X l n c thi v n c cp 6
4.1 Cc qu trnh ha l trong x l nc
4.2 Cc qu trnh oxy ha bc cao
4.3 Cc qu trnh sinh ha trong x l nc
4.4 K thut lc mng
5 K thut x l nhim khng kh, ting n 6

5.1 Khi nim v phn loi
5.2 S phng thch v khuych tn cht nhim trong khng
kh
5.3 Cc bin php k thut x l nhim khng kh
5.4 Cc bin php k thut x l ting n
6 Qun l v x l cht thi nguy h i 6

6.1 Cht thi nguy hi, phn loi
6.2 Cc k thut x l cht thi nguy hi
6.3 Cc gii php gim thiu v ngn nga
Tham quan thc t: 10 tit
TT Ni dung S tit a im
77
TT Ni dung S tit a im
1 Tham quan ngun cp nc, cc cng on x 2 Nh my x l

l nc cp, b tp trung nc, trm bm nc nc cp
2 Tham quan h thng thu gom nc thi sinh 2 Nh my x l

hot, cc cng on x l nc thi sinh hot, nc thi sinh hot
x l bn thi, ngun tip nhn nc thi u tp trung
ra
3 Tham quan h thng bng chuyn ti vt liu 2 Nh my sn xut

sn xut xi mng, h thng lc bi xi mng
4 Tham quan bi tp trung rc thi, x l mi 2 Nh my x l cht

bng ch phm EM, bin php chn lp, h thi rn
thng x l nc r rc
5 Tham quan cc m hnh hm biogas, ng 2 Trung tm thc

dng ca cng ngh biogas trong h thng nghim Ha An
canh tc VACB
Hc phn s c trnh by nh sau

- L thuyt: 35 tit
- Tham quan thc t: 10 tit
PHNG PHP NH GI:
- Bo co chuyn : 40%
- Thi ht mn: 60%
K HOCH T VN MN HC
Cc hc vin c th trao i, tho lun trc tip vi ging vin ph trch mn trong
gi t vn. Gi t vn theo lch: 2 tit/tun.
78
My chiu.
TI LIU THAM KHO
[1] C Huy u, Trn Th Hng. 2010. Qun l cht thi rn th. NXB Xy
dng.
[2] Lm Minh Trit v L Hong Vit (2009). Vi sinh vt nc v nc thi. Nh
xut bn Xy dng.
[3] L Huy B. 2009. Mi trng ti nguyn t Vit Nam. NXB Gio dc.
[4] L Huy B, V Ch Hiu, V nh Long. 2002. Ti nguyn mi trng v pht
trin bn vng. NXB Khoa hc v K thut.
[5] Nguyn c Khin. 2003. Qun l cht thi nguy hi. NXB Xy dng.
[6] Nguyen Vo Chau Ngan, Le Hoang Viet, Nguyen Dac Cu and Nguyen Huu Phong
(2011). Biogas Production of Pig Manure with Water Hyacinth Juice from Batch
Anaerobic Digestion. Trch t: Environmental Change and Agricultural
Sustainability in the Mekong Delta, edited by Stewart M.A. and Coclanis P.A.
Springer Science+Business Media B.V. DOI 10.1007/978-94-007-0934-8_20.
[7] Nguyen Vo Chau Ngan (2009). Innovative Education Modules and Tools for the
Environmental Sector, particularly in Integrated Waste Management. Sch chuyn
kho ca d n INVENT Integrated Waste Management Modules of different
courses of Graduate Studies. AsiaLink Program.
[8] Trn Mnh Tr, Trn Mnh Trung. 2005. Cc qu trnh oxy ha nng cao trong x
l nc v nc thi. NXB Khoa hc v K thut.
[9] Trn Ngc Chn. 2000. nhim khng kh v x l kh thi. NXB Khoa hc v
K thut.
Th tr ng c s th m nh Th tr ng c s ot o
ch ng tr nh o t o ngh cho ph p ot o
79
K THUT PHN NG NNG CAO
M s: CHPU 505
S TC: 3LT
Ging vin hc phn: TS. on Vn Hng Thin
ThS. Trn Nam Nghip
M T MN HC
Mn hc ny cung cp cho sinh vin nhng kin thc lin quan n k thut phn
ng d th. Mn hc ny l s kt hp gia cc kin thc v truyn nhit, truyn khi,
ng hc xc tc, k thut phn ng ng th p dng cho vic tnh ton v thit k
thit b phn ng h d th.
MC TIU
Gip sinh vin tnh ton v thit k cc thit b phn ng h d th
L thuyt: 45 tit

1 Xc tc v thit b phn ng xc tc 12 [1],
1.1 Xc tc [2],
1.2 Cc bc phn ng trong phn ng xc tc [3],
1.3 Phng trnh vn tc, c ch v giai on khng [4]
ch phn ng
1.4 Thit k bnh phn ng cho phn ng kh rn
1.5 Phn tch d liu phn ng d th cho vic thit
k bnh phn ng
1.6 Phn ng ngng t ha hc
1.7 Hot hot xc tc
1.8 K thut phn ng trong vi in t
nh h ng ca khuch tn ngo i ln phn ng d 12 [1],
th [2]
2
2.1 Kin thc nn tng ca truyn khi
2.2 Khuch tn h hai cu t
80
2.3 Tr lc bn ngoi n truyn khi
2.4 M hnh ht cu co rt
2.5 Ti ch xc tc
2.6 S tan r ca ht cu rn
Khuch tn v phn ng trong h t xc tc xp 12 [1],
3.1 S khuch tn v phn ng trong xc tc ht cu [2]
3.2 Thng s hiu qu bn trong
3 3.3 Thng s hiu qu ton qu trnh
3.4 Truyn khi v phn ng trong thp chm
3.5 Thit b phn ng nhiu pha
3.6 Thit b phn ng ngng t ha hc
S phn b thi gian l u ca thit b phn ng 9 [1],
4.1 c tnh tng qut [2]
4.2 o s phn b thi gian thc
4.3 c tnh ca s phn b thi gian thc
4.4 S phn b thi gian thc trong thit b phn ng
4
l tng
4.5 M hnh thit b phn ng vi s phn b thi
gian thc
4.6 M hnh thng s zero
4.7 S phn b thi gian thc trong phn ng a hp

- Din ging: 45 tit
PHNG PHP NH GI:
- Bi tp, bo co chuyn : 20%; gia k 30%; cui k: 50%
K HOCH T VN MN HC

81
My chiu
TI LIU THAM KHO
[1] H. Schott Fogler. Elements of Chemical Reation Engineering, 4th, Prentice

Hall Professional Technical Reference, 2005
[2] Octave Levenspiel Chemical Reaction Engineering, 3rd, John Wiley & Sons,
1998.
[3] V B Minh, K thut phn ng, NXB i hc Quc gia TP. HCM
82
PHNG PHP LUN NGHIN CU KHOA HC
M s: CHNC 506
S TC: 3 (3 LT, 0 TH)
Ging vin hc phn: TS. Nguyn Ch Ngn
TS. Trng Ch Thnh
n v ph trch: Khoa Cng ngh, i hc Cn Th.
M T MN HC
Hc phn cung cp cho hc vin nhng khi nim c bn nht v khoa hc v

nghin cu khoa hc. Bn hng i c bn v ba lun im v phng php lun NCKH
s c trnh by. Cc kin thc c bn ny s gip cho sinh vin cao hc c th t tm
vn nghin cu, trnh by kt qu nghin cu v trc ht l thc hin tt bn Lun
vn ca mnh.
MC TIU
Hc phn s em n cho hc vin nhng khi nim khi qut nht v khoa hc v
NCKH cng nh nhng k nng c bn trong vic thc hin cc phng php NCKH
nh tnh h c th t tm vn nghin cu, trnh by kt qu nghin cu, v trc
ht l thc hin tt bn Lun vn ca mnh.
PHN 1: KHOA HC V NGHIN CU KHOA HC

Phn 1 s cung cp cho hc vin nhng khi nim c bn nht v khoa hc v
nghin cu khoa hc. Tuy khng quan trng nhng y coi nh l phn m u cho gio
trnh hc vin nh hng li hng i trong NCKH ca mnh cng nh xc nh cho
mnh mt phong thi lm vic ca mt nh khoa hc gio dc.
1. Khoa hc:
Ni dung: Khoa hc l g, ngha ca khoa hc, qu trnh pht trin ca khoa hc
v ng lc cho s pht trin y, vai tr ca s kin trong s pht trin ca khoa hc,
phn loi khoa hc (Theo UNESCO).
2. Nghin cu khoa hc:
83
Ni dung: Khi nim, nhng cng vic ch yu ca nh nghin cu, yu cu i
vi nh nghin cu.
3. Cc loi hnh NCKH:
C 5 loi hnh: Nghin cu c bn, nghin cu ng dng, nghin cu trin khai,
nghin cu thm d, nghin cu d bo.
4. Nghin cu v s sng to:
Ni dung: Quy lut v qun tnh ca t duy, iu kin c th sng to, sng to
nh phng tin v sng to nh c phng php nghin cu.
PHN 2: NGHIN CU KHOA HC GIO DC
Bn hng i c bn v 3 lun im v phng php lun NCKH gio dc c
trnh by k phn 2 ny. Cc quan im cng l kim ch nam bao trm ln mi cng
trnh nghin cu khoa hc ni chung v khoa hc gio dc ni ring. Bn cnh , cc
phng php nghin cu cng c cp k cui phn 2 do yu cu hc vin cng
phi rn luyn, thng qua cc bi tp nghin cu nh.
1. M u: Cc hng nghin cu khoa hc gio dc
C 4 hng: nghin cu h thng gio dc quc dn, nghin cu qu trnh dy
hc, nghin cu qu trnh gio dc, nghin cu qun l gio dc. Quan nim v mt
ti NCKHGD.
2. Ba quan im v phng php lun NCKH gio dc:
- Quan im h thng - cu trc.
- Quan im lch s - logic.
- Quan im thc tin.
3. Cc phng php nghin cu khoa hc gio dc:
- Phng php quan st.
- iu tra gio dc.
- Tng kt kinh nghim.
- Phng php thc nghim s phm.
PHN 3: CC HNH THC NGHIN CU KHOA HC
Trnh by mt cng trnh khoa hc cng c nhng quy tc, khun php ca n.
Nu nh nghin cu lm vic c kt qu m trnh by khng tt s nh hng ln n kt
qu , thm ch n uy tn nh khoa hc. V vy, phn 3 ny s ch nhiu vic rn
84
luyn cho hc vin trnh by, trc ht l Lun vn ca mnh sao cho ng l mt cng
trnh khoa hc.
1. Cc hnh thc NCKH
Tm tt tng lun, nhn xt khoa hc, bi bo khoa hc, bo co khoa hc tiu
lun, Lun vn, Lun vn, ti liu gio khoa, tc phm khoa hc.
2. Tm tt khoa hc
3. Cu trc mt bi bo khoa hc
4. Bo co khoa hc.
5. Lun vn khoa hc:
- Qu trnh thc hin mt Lun vn.
- Quy trnh lm vic: chn ti, gii hn ti, kho st, th nghim, phn tch
thng tin.
- Gi thuyt khoa hc trong ti nghin cu.
- Trnh by Lun vn: nhng ni dung cn c cho mt Lun vn, cch vit
mc, cch trch dn, cc ph lc, cch vit ti liu tham kho, mc lc.
PHN 4: CC QUI LUT LOGIC V HNH THC T DUY
Phn ny s chi tit ha mt vi ni dung m phn 3 khng ni, l cch vit,
cch lp lun cho tng vn logic hc c dy i hc nhng khng t ngi khi
ni, vit vi phm rt nhiu v logic. vi phm logic th c hnh thc v ni dung bi
vit s b tm thng ha, nu khng ni l i khi lm ngi c hiu sai tc gi. Cho
nn phn 4 ny mang tnh cht n tp logic hc mt cch c th, b ch cho cch vit ca
hc vin
1. Logic v cc qui lut ca logic:
- nh ngha logic.
- T duy v logic.
- Cc qui lut ca logic:
o Cc qui lut ca logic hnh thc.
o Cc qui lut ca logic bin chng.
2. Cc hnh thc t duy c bn:
- Khi nim.
- Phn on.
85
- Suy lun.
3. Khi nim:
- Ni hm, ngoi din.
- Loi v hng ca khi nim.
- Qu trnh hnh thnh khi nim.
- Quan h ca cc khi nim.
- nh ngha mt khi nim.
4. Gi thuyt:
- ngha.
- Hnh thc th hin.
- Nguyn tc ca mt gi thuyt khoa hc.
5. Suy lun
- Din dch.
- Quy np.
- Loi t.
- Chng minh.

- Din ging: 35 tit
- Tho lun, luyn tp, chuyn : 10 tit
Hc vin phi tham d y cc bui tho lun v thi. T nghin cu ti liu
tho lun nhm. Nhm gm 3 n 4 hc vin v phi la chn 1 ch luyn tp.
PHNG PHP NH GI:
- Tho lun nhm 20%.

- Trnh by chuyn 20%.
- Thi ht mn 60%.
K HOCH T VN MN HC
hc tp tt cc hc vin cn theo d cc gi thuyt ging. Su tm v khai thc

cc ti liu trn Internet xoay quanh cc ni dung kin thc trong gio trnh. Thc hnh
nghin cu khoa hc.
86
trong gi t vn. Gi t vn theo lch 2 tit/tun.
My chiu hoc n chiu.

TI LIU THAM KHO
1. Phan Dng, Lm th no sng to, UB Khoa hc k thut Tp. HCM, 1992.

3. Nguyen Van L, Phng php luan nghin cu khoa hc, NXB Tr, 2001.
4. L Phc Lc, Phng php nghin cu khoa hc, i hc Cn Th, 2000.
5. L T Thnh, Logic hc v phng php NCKH, Nxb Tr, Tp.HCM, 1993.
87
THIT K V X L S LIU TH NGHIM
M s: CHXL 507
S TC: 3
Ging vin hc phn: TS. Trn Trung Tnh
ThS. L c Duy
M T MN HC
Mn hc ny cung cp cho sinh vin nhng kin thc lin quan n vic thit k
th nghim v phn tch kt qu th nghim theo cc gi nh v m hnh. Ti u ha qu
trnh nhm gim thiu s th nghim cng c trnh by.
MC TIU
Nm c kin thc l thuyt v thit k v x l s liu gii nhng bi tp c

th. T , sinh vin c th p dng nhng kin thc ny cho cc mn hc th nghim
hay lun vn tt nghip.
L thuyt: 45 tit

1 Th nghim so snh mu n gin 5 [1],
1.1 Gii thiu [2],
1.2 Khi nim c bn v thng k [3],
1.3 S phn b mu [4]
1.4 Nhng suy lun v s khc bit gi tr trung bnh,
thit k ngu nhin
1.5 Nhng suy lun v s khc bit gi tr trung bnh,
thit k so snh cp
Th nghim vi mt bin s: S phn tch ca bin 5 [1],
s [2]
2 2.1 S phn tch ca bin s
2.2 S phn tch ca m hnh nh hng c nh
2.3 M hnh kim tra
88
2.4 Xc nh kch c mu
Khi ngu nhin, h nh vung latin, v thit k lin 5 [1],
quan [2]
3.1 Thit k khi hon chnh ngu nhin
3
3.2 Thit k hnh vung latin
3.3 Thit k hnh vung Graeco Latin
3.4 Thit k khi khng hon chnh cn bng
Gii thiu v thit k h s 5 [1]
4.1 Gii thiu
4.2 Thun li ca h s
4
4.3 Thit k h s 2 bin s
4.4 Thit k h s tng qut
4.5 B mt v ng cong tng thch p ng
Thit k h s 2k 5 [1]
5.1 Gii thiu
5 5.2 Thit k h s 22
5.3 Thit k h s 23
5.4 Thit kt tng qut h s 2k
Khi v xo trn trong thit k 2k 5 [1]
6.1 Gii thiu
6.2 Khi trong thit k lp li 2k
6.3 Xo trn trong thit k 2k
6
6.4 Xo trn trong thit k 2k trong khi hai
6.5 Xo trn trong thit k 2k trong khi bn
6.6 Xo trn trong thit k 2k trong khi 2p
6.7 Xo trn tng phn
Thit k h s tng phn bc hai 5 [1],
7.1 Gii thiu
7.2 Thit k h s mt phn hai
7
7.3 Thit k h s mt phn t
7.4 Thit k vi gii php vng th III
7.5 Thit k vi gii php vng th IV v V
M h nh hi qui 5 [1]
8.1 Gii thiu
8.2 M hnh hi qui tuyn tnh
8 8.3 c lng nhng thng s trong m hnh hi qui
tuyn tnh
8.4 Kim tra gi thuyt trong hi qui nhiu thnh
phn
Ph ng php p ng b mt v nhng p ng 5 [1]
9
khc t ti u ha qu tr nh
89
9.1 Gii thiu phng php p ng b mt
9.2 Phng php dc
9.3 Phn tch b mt p ng bc hai
9.4 Thit k th

- Din ging: 45 tit
PHNG PHP NH GI:
K HOCH T VN MN HC

My chiu
TI LIU THAM KHO
[1] Douglas C. Montgomery. Design and Analysis of Experiments. John Wiley

& Son, 2008
[2] Zivorad R. Lazic. Design of Experiments in Chemical Engineering. WILEY-
VCH, 2006
[3] Experiments with Mixtures: Designs, Models, and the Analysis of Mixture
Data. John Wiley & Sons, 2011
90
[4] C.A. Donnelly and N.M. Ferguson.The Theory of the Design of Experiments.
CHAPMAN & HALL/CRC, 2000
91
XC TC D TH
M s: CHXT 508
S TC: 3
Ging vin hc phn: TS. Nguyn Quang Long
TS. H Quc Phong
n v ph trch: Khoa Cng ngh Ha hc,i hc Bch Khoa TP.HCM.
M T MN HC
y l mn hc c vai tr quan trng lin quan n lnh vc nghin cu cng nh

ng dng trong thc t sn xut ca hu ht cc lnh vc cng ngh ha hc. Mn hc
c xem nh l tip tc trong h thng cc mn hc c s ngnh ca chng trnh o
to cng ngh ha hc t ha l, k thut xc tc bc ic hc. Mn hc ny s nghin
cu su hn trong cc lnh vc ring v ph bin ca xc tc l qu trnh xc tc xy
ra trn b mt phn chia pha rn kh, rn lng.
MC TIU
Hc vin nm vng cc kin thc v ng hc phn ng trn xc tc rn, c kh

nng tng hp c mt s h xc tc v kim tra tnh cht axit, b mt xc tc rn.
L thuyt: 45 tit

1 Hp ph 6 [1],
1.1 Khi nim v hp ph vt l v hp ph ha hc [2],
1.2 So snh gia hp ph vt l v hp ph ha hc: [3],
s bao ph b mt; nhit hp ph; s ch lc; [4]
nng lng hot ha; thi gian sng ca xc tc;
tc hp ph; nh hng ca nhit
1.3 Hp ph trn b mt rn kh: phng trnh hp
ph Langmuir; phng trnh BET; ngng t mao
qun
1.4 Hp ph trn b mt lng kh: phng trnh hp
92
ph Gibbs; chuyn phng trnh Gibbs sang dng
Langmuir
1.5 Hp ph trong dung dch: Hp ph phn t trong
dung dch; hp ph c bit ion trong dung dch;
hp ph trao i ion
Cc c tr ng ca xc tc rn 6 [1],
2.1 Nng lng hot ha [2]
2.2 Hot tnh v phn loi xc tc rn
2.3 Tnh chn lc
2 2.4 Tm hot ng
2.5 Cu trc xc tc rn v phng php xc nh
cu trc: phn b kch thc ht; hnh dng v
kch thc cc tp hp ht; b mt ring; th tch
l xp; hnh dng mao qun; phn b l xp
ng hc phn ng xc tc d th 10 [1],
3.1 Phn ng d th: tnh cht nhiu giai on trong [2]
phn ng xc tc d th; min ng hc, min
khuch tn v min qu
3.2 Khuch tn trong xc tc d th: cc nh lut v
khuch tn; khuch tn trong v khuch tn
ngoi; quan h gia tr lc khuch tn v tr lc
phn ng
3.3 c im ca min ng hc v min khuch
tn: c im ca min ng hc; c im ca
3
min khuch tn
3.4 nh hng ca nhit ti s chuyn min;
quan h gia nng lng hot ha thc v nng
lng hot ha biu kin trong qu trnh d th
3.5 Gim hot tnh ca xc tc rn: cc nguyn nhn
lm gim hot tnh xc tc rn; gim hot tnh
xc tc do phn hy nhit; gim hot tnh xc tc
do nhim bn; gim hot tnh xc tc do ng c;
cc nguyn nhn khc; ng hc ca qu trnh
gim hot tnh xc tc; ti sinh xc tc
Xc tc d th trong cng nghip 8 [1],
4.1 Cc yu cu ca xc tc cng nghip: hot tnh [2]
cao n nh; chn lc cao; thi gian sng di
4 v c th ti s dng; bn c v nhit cao; d
iu ch, gi thnh r
4.2 Thnh phn xc tc cng nghip: cht hot ng
xc tc; cht kch ng xc tc; cht mang
93
4.3 iu ch xc tc: xc tc kim loi; xc tc oxit;
xc tc c cht mang; mt s xc tc v cht
mang ph bin: than hot tnh; Al2O3, TiO2;
zeolite
4.4 Cc dng bnh phn ng xc tc cng nghip v
ng dng: bnh phn ng m dng kn; bnh phn
ng m dng tng si
4.5 Bnh phn ng xc tc ba pha

- Din ging: 45 tit
PHNG PHP NH GI:
K HOCH T VN MN HC

My chiu
TI LIU THAM KHO
[4] Gerhard Ertl, Helmut Knzinger, Ferdi Schth, Jens Weitkamp. Handbook of
Heterogeneous Catalysis, Wiley VCH, 2008
[5] Stanley M. Walas. Reaction kinetics for chemical engineers. New York
Toronto London, 1989
94
[6] Georgii Konstantinovich Boreskov. Heterogeneous Catalysis. Nova
Publishers, 2003
[7] S. David Jackson, Justin S. J Hargreaves. Metal oxide catalysis. Wiley
VCH, 2008
95
CU TRC PHA V CU TRC HNH THI CA VT LIU POLYMER
M s: CHCT 509
S TC: 3 (2 LT, 1 TH)
Ging vin hc phn: GS-TS. Qui Tran-Cong Miyata
TS. Vn Phm an Thy
n v ph trch: Khoa Cng Ngh - i hc Cn Th
M T MN HC
Cu trc v cc c tnh ca vt liu polymer th v nh hnh v kt tinh.
MC TIU
Mn hc cung cp cc kin thc v cu trc v cc c tnh ca vt liu polymer

th v nh hnh v kt tinh.
L thuyt: 30 tit
1 Th v nh hnh 10 [1]
1.1 Gii thiu tng quan
1.2 Nhit chuyn thy tinh
1.3 Cc yu t nh hng nhit chuyn thy
tinh
2 Th kt tinh 10 [1]
2.2 Xc nh cu trc tinh th
2.3 Polymer bn kt tinh
2.4 Qu trnh kt tinh ha
2.5 Qu trnh nng chy
3 Hn hp polymer a phn t 10 [1]
3.2 Polymer blend
Nhit ng hc polymer blend
Qu trnh chuyn pha
Qu trnh thy tinh ha
96
Cu trc hnh thi ca polymer blend
3.3 Block copolymer
Nhit ng hc block copolymer
Cu trc hnh thi ca block copolymer
Thc hnh, bi tp: 30 tit
TT Ni dung S tit a im TLTK
1 To mng film polymer blend bng 10 Phng th [1]
phng php casting nghim
CNHH
2 Kho st cu trc hnh thi ca 10 Phng th [1]
mng film polymer blend. nghim
CNHH
3 Phn tch cu trc hnh thi ca 10 Phng th [1]
polymer blend bng phng php nghim
Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) CNHH

- Din ging: 30 tit
- Thc hnh: 30 tit
PHNG PHP NH GI:
- Thc hnh: 20%

- Chuyn : 30%
- Thi ht mn: 50%
K HOCH T VN MN HC

My chiu, projector, dng c v ho cht th nghim.
97
TI LIU THAM KHO
[1] Robert J. Young, Peter A. Lovell, Introduction to Polymers, CRC Press Taylor
& Francis Group,The Matthworks, 2011.
CNG NGH HA DT
M s: CHHD 510
S TC: 3 LT
Ging vin hc phn: TS. Phm Thnh Qun
TS. H Quc Phong
n v ph trch: Khoa Cng ngh Ha hc, i hc Bch khoa - TP.HCM
M T MN HC
Mn hc gm hai ni dung chnh: (i) gii thiu chung v vt liu dt nh khi

nim, cc phn ng to thnh, hnh thi cu trc v tnh cht ca hp cht polymer dt;
(ii) c im v bn cht ha hc ca cc qu trnh x l ha hc vt liu dt nhum
gm c gi h-nu-ty-nhum-in hoa- hon tt, cc ch tiu k thut v phng php
nh gi.
MC TIU
Mn hc c tip ni mn Ha hu c, k thut nhum in hoa ca chng trnh

o to i hc nhm cung cp nhng kin thc su v cu to ha hc, cu trc, cc c
tnh ca cc loi hp cht c s dng trong lnh vc dt, bn cht ha hc ca qu
trnh x l ha hc trong cng nghip dt nhum: tin x l, nhum in hoa v hon tt
vi. Nhng kin thc c bn ny l c s khoa hc nh hng sn xut vt liu v
ha cht nhum ng dng trong cng nghip dt nhum.
L thuyt: 45 tit
98
1 Vt liu dt 6 [1],
1.1 Gii thiu chung v vt liu dt [2],
1.2 Phn loi vt liu dt [3],
1.3 Qu trnh hnh thnh cc loi vt liu dt [4]
1.4 Cc yu t nh hng n tnh cht polymer ca
vt liu dt
X l ha hc vt liu dt 6 [1],
2.1 Khi qut qu trnh x l ha hc vt liu dt [2]
2.2 Bn cht qu trnh lm sch ha hc vt liu dt
- Lm sch ha hc vi si bng
2
- Lm sch ha hc vi si t tm
- Lm sch ha hc vi si si len
- Lm sch ha hc vi si ha hc
- Qu trnh tng trng quang hc
L thuyt c bn v qu tr nh nhum vi 10 [1],
3.1 Cn bng nhum [2]
3.2 ng hc nhum
3.3 S lin kt ca thuc nhum vi vt liu dt
3
3.4 Cc yu t nh hng n qu trnh nhum
3.5 Qu trnh in hoa ln vt liu dt
- Cc yu t nh hng n qu trnh in hoa
- Cc phng php in hoa
Qu tr nh ho n tt sn ph m dt 8 [1],
4.1 Gii thiu chung v qu trnh hon tt [2]
4.2 Hon tt c hc vt liu dt
4.3 Bn cht ca qu trnh hon tt ha hc vt liu
dt
4
- H chng nhu
- H chng thm
- H chng tnh in
- H mm, h cng
- H chng chy

- Din ging: 45 tit
99
PHNG PHP NH GI:
K HOCH T VN MN HC

My chiu
TI LIU THAM KHO
[8] Burkhard Wulfhorst, Thomas Gries, Dieter Veit. Textile Technology. Hanser
Verlag, 2006
[9] Qinguo Fan. Chemical Testing of Textiles. CRC Press 2005
[10] J. Merritt Matthews. Laboratory Manual of Dyeing and Textile Chemistry.
Lightning Source Inc, 2007
[11] A. Richard Horrocks, Subhash C. Anand, Horst Friebolin. Handbook of
Technical textiles. Woodhead Publishing, 2000.
100
CNG NGH NANO
M s: CHNN 511
S TC: 3 (3 LT)
Ging vin hc phn: TS. Nguyn Tr Tun1
TS. on Vn Hng Thin2
n v ph trch: 1Khoa Khoa Hc T Nhin i hc Cn Th.

2
Khoa Cng ngh - i hc Cn Th
M T MN HC
Gii thiu cho sinh vin cc kin thc c bn v khoa hc nano, cng ngh nano, vt liu
nano, cc phng php ch to vt liu nano. Gii thiu s lc v tnh cht ca vt liu
cacbon nano v ng dng ca vt liu ny. Trnh by cng ngh nano trong in t v y-
sinh hc.
MC TIU
- C s cc vt liu khi, vt liu nano v khoa hc - cng ngh nano

- Nhng khi nim c bn, nh ngha, c im chung v c im ring ca vt liu
nano v cc phng php ch to vt liu nano
- Cng ngh nano ng dng trong in t, y-sinh hc...
L thuyt: 30 tit
1 C s v khoa hc nano v cng ngh nano 2 [1]
1.1. Khoa hc nano v Cng ngh nano

1.2. Khi nim v vt liu c cu trc nano
1.3. Hiu ng kch thc lng t
1.4. Hiu ng b mt
101
1.5. Ph nng lng ca cc h thp chiu (0D),

(1D), (2D)
2 Cc ph ng php ch t o vt liu nano 3 [2,3]
2.1. Phng in h quang (h quang plazma)

2.2. phng php ho v l ph t pha hi (CVD
v PVD)
2.3. phng php m in
2.4. phng php sol gel
2.5. phng php nghin bi
2.6. phng php ngui nhanh
3 Vt liu nano 5 [3,4]
3.1. Bn dn silic c cu trc nano

3.2.1. Silic xp nano
3.2.2. Nano tinh th v dy nano Silic
3.2.3. Mng mng silic cu trc nano
3.2.4. Mt s ng dng
3.2. Vt liu bn dn III-V cu trc nano
3.3. Vt liu bn dn II-VI v bn dn oxit cu
trc nano
4 Vt liu nano cacbon 5 [5]
4.1. Gii thiu chung v vt liu nano cacbon

4.2. Cc phng php ch to nano cacbon
4.3. Tnh cht ca vt liu nano cacbon
4.4. ng dng ca vt liu nano cacbon
5 Cng ngh nano trong in t 5 [2,6]
102
5.1. Vi in t n nano in t
5.2. Khc hnh vi in t n khc hnh nano
5.3. Epitaxi chm phn t (MBE)
5.4. Nhng hn ch ca cng ngh vi in t khi
kch thc linh kin gim
5.5. Mt s linh kin c bn ca nano in t
5.6. in t hc phn t
5.7. Spin in t
5.7.1. Mt s linh kin c bn ca spin in t
5.7.2. ng dng ca spin in t
6 Cng ngh nano trong y sinh hc 10 [2,6]
6.1. Ht t nano v ng dng trong y sinh

6.1.1. S dng ht t nano tch t
6.1.2. Ht nano t lm tng tng phn nh
cng hng t ht nhn
6.1.3. Ht nano t dn truyn thuc
6.1.4. Ht t nano lm cm bin thng minh
6.1.5. Ht t nano dng kh c
6.2. Ht nano t - pht hin sm ung th v v
virt
6.3. Ht nano bn dn s dng lm m vch nh
du cho y sinh

- Din ging: 30 tit
103
PHNG PHP NH GI:
- Chuyn : 30%
- Thi ht mn: 70%
K HOCH T VN MN HC

My chiu, phng th nghim vt liu.
TI LIU THAM KHO
Ti liu tham kho:

[1] Nguyn Ngc Long (2007), Vt L Cht Rn, NXB i hc Quc Gia HN, H
Ni
[2] V nh C, Nguyn Xun Chnh (2004), cng ngh nano iu khin n
tng phn t, nguyn t, NXB Khoa Hc v K Thut, H Ni.
[3] C. Brechignac P. Houdy M. Lahmani (2006), Nanomaterials and
Nanochemistry.
[4] Gunter Schmid (2004), Nanoparticles: From Theory to Application,
WILEY-VCH.
[5] M. Kuno (2005), Introduction to Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, A
Workbook.
[6] Hari Singl Nalwa, Academic Press (2000), Handbook of nanostructured
materials and nanotechnology.
104
IU KHIN QU TRNH
M s: CHK-512
S TC: 3 (30 LT, 30 TH)
Ging vin hc phn: TS. Ng Quang Hiu

TS. Trn Thanh Hng
TS. V Minh Tr
M T MN HC
Mn hc cp n cc phng php phn tch v thit k h thng iu khin

qu trnh ho hc nh iu khin mc, lu lng, p sut v nhit . Ni dung chnh ca
mn hc bao gm: c im v cu trc ca h thng iu khin qu trnh; phng php
m hnh ho, phn tch ng lc hc qu trnh ho hc, thit k h thng iu khin hi
tip v h thng iu khin phn hi c bit, v cc thit b dng trong iu khin cng
nghip.
MC TIU
Cung cp cho hc vin kin thc tng qut v k thut iu khin cc qu trnh
ho hc v ng dng trong cng nghip.
L thuyt: 30 tit
1 Gii thiu v iu khin qu trnh 3

M hnh ton hc 5 [1],
2 2.1 Xy dng m hnh ton hc ca qu trnh. [2]
2.2 M hnh ho cho mc ch iu khin.
3 Quan h ng lc hc ca qu tr nh 6 [1],
105
3.1 M phng v tuyn tnh ho h phi tuyn. [2]

3.2 Bin i Laplace.
3.3 Hm truyn v m hnh ng vo ng ra.
3.4 Phn tch ng lc hc h bc nht, h bc hai v
cc h bc cao.
iu khin hi tip 5 [1],
4.1 Khi nim iu khin hi tip. [2]
4.2 Phn tch ng lc hc qu trnh iu khin hi
4 tip.
4.3 Phn tch tnh n nh.
4.4 Thit k b iu khin.
4.5 Phn tch p ng tn s v ng dng.
M h nh iu khin nng cao 5 [1],
5.1 iu khin hi tip h thng c thi gian cht [2]
5 (dead time) v p ng ngc.
5.2 H thng iu khin nhiu vng.
5.3 iu khin vng h v iu khin t l.
Thit b iu khin qu tr nh 5 [1],
6 6.1 Phn t chp hnh. [2]
6.2 Thit b o mc, lu lng, nhit v p sut.
Thc hnh: 30 tit
S
TT Bi TH, TN PTN TLTK
tit
1 iu khin h n nh mc cht lng RT010 5 K qu trnh
2 iu khin h n nh lu lng RT020 5 K qu trnh
106
S
TT Bi TH, TN PTN TLTK
tit
3 iu khin h n nh nhit RT040 5 K qu trnh
4 iu khin h n nh p sut RT030 5 K qu trnh
5 n & bo co 10 Phng hc
LT

- Din ging: 30 tit
- Thc hnh: 30 tit
Hc vin phi tham d y cc bui thc tp.
PHNG PHP NH GI:
- Thc tp v bi tp: 40%

- Thi ht mn: 60%
K HOCH T VN MN HC

My chiu v PTN iu khin qu trnh
TI LIU THAM KHO
107
[5] Hong Minh Sn, C s h thng iu khin qu trnh. NXB Bch khoa H
Ni, 2006.
[6] Seborg, D.E., Edgar, T.F., Mellichamp, D.A., Process dymamics and control.
2nd Edition. Wiley, 2004.
108
HA HC CHT RN
M s: CHCR 512
S TC: 3
Ging vin hc phn: TS. L Minh Vin1
ThS. Ng Trng Ngc Mai2
n v ph trch: 1Khoa cng ngh Ha hc, i hc Bch khoa TP.HCM

2
Khoa Cng ngh, i hc Cn Th
M T MN HC
Cu trc, lin kt ha hc, cc tnh cht vt l, ha l, ha hc ca cc cht rn v

cc phng php nghin cu. Cc yu t nh hng n cu trc, tnh cht v kh nng
phn ng ca cc cht rn. Ch to v ng dng cc loi vt liu cu trc c nhng tnh
nng c bit v c, quang, nhit, in t, ha, xc tc trong cc lnh vc khoa hc,
cng ngh v k thut cao.
MC TIU
Mn hc ny nng cao cc kin thc ca mn ha v c, ha l ca chng trnh

o to i hc. Kt thc hc phn ny hc vin hiu c kin thc c bn, hin i v
lin kt ha hc, bn cht lc tng tc, cu trc phn t, cu trc tinh th, mi tng
quan gia cc tnh cht ha l, kh nng phn ng, cu trc v bin i cu trc ca cht
rn c bit l cc vt liu bn dn, vt liu t cht pht quang, hp cht mu, hp cht
c kim, phc cht, gm s, polimer
L thuyt: 45 tit

1 Cu trc cht rn 9 [1],
1.1 Cc khi nim c bn [2],
1.2 Cu trc electron nguyn t v cc loi tinh th [3],
1.3 Hin tng ng hnh v a hnh [4],
109
[5]
Mi lin h gia cu trc v tnh cht ca cht rn 12 [1],
2.1 nh hng cu cc yu t khc nhau n cu trc [2]
v tnh cht pha rn
2
2.2 Cc hp cht khng t lng
2.3 S ph thuc cc tnh cht ca cc cht khc
nhau vo cu trc ca chng
Cc phn ng pha rn 12 [1],
3.1 Nhit ng hc cc phn ng pha rn [2]
3.2 ng hc cc phn ng pha rn
- c im cc phn ng pha rn
- chuyn ha
3 - Phng trnh ng hc
- Nng lng hot ha
- Trng thi hot ng ca pha rn
- Cc phng php hot ha cc cht pha rn
- Cc phng php thc nghim nghin cu
ng hc phn ng pha rn
Tng hp v xc nh tnh cht ca cht rn 12 [1],
4.1 Cc k thut tng hp [2]
- Phng php gm nhit cao
- Tng hp vi sng
- Tng hp t chy
- Cc phng php p sut cao
- Kt t hi ha hc
- iu ch cc n tinh th
4
4.2 Cc phng php vt l xc nh c tnh cht
rn
- Nhiu x tia X
- Hin vi in t
- Ph hp ph tia X
- Phn tch nhit
- Kh phng trnh nhit
- Cc phng php khc

- Din ging: 45 tit
110
PHNG PHP NH GI:

K HOCH T VN MN HC

My chiu
TI LIU THAM KHO
[12] Quang Minh, Ha hc cht rn. NXB HQG TP.HCM, 2005

[13] Lesley E Smart, Elain Amore. Solid state chemistry. CRC Press Taylor and
France Group, 2005
[14] Wold Aron. Solid state Chemistry. Chapman and Hall, London, 1993
[15] Svein Stolen. Chemical Thermodynamics of Materials. John Wiley & Sons,
2004
[16] William D. Callister, Jr. Fundamentals of Materials Science and Engineering
(5th), John Willey and Sons, 2001
111
HA LNG T
M s: CHLT 514
S TC: 3
Ging vin hc phn: TS. L Minh Vin1
ThS. Ng Trng Ngc Mai2
n v ph trch: 1Khoa cng ngh Ha hc, i hc Bch khoa TP.HCM
2
M T MN HC
Mn hc ny l gii thiu cc khi nim chnh ca thng k lng t v cc ng

dng ca n trong ha hc hin i v tnh ton ha hc lng t. Phng php lng t
nghin cu cc mi quan h nhng tnh cht ca vt liu khi vi cu trc ca cc phn
t v cc tng tc ca chng cng c kim tra.
MC TIU
Hc vin nm vng cc kin thc c bn v lng t. Nhng kin thc ny c lin

quan n mn hc ha l, hu c, ha i cng, vt l lng t v ton hc. V vy, hc
vin bit cch vn dng nhng kin thc a chuyn ngnh cho mn hc.
L thuyt: 45 tit

1 Thit b chnh xc v c hc l ng t 5 [1],[2
1.4 Gii thiu vector nhiu chiu ]
1.5 Cng, nhn, trc giao ca vector
1.6 Xp x trng thi n nh
1.7 Ma trn
1.8 Ma tr lin hp Hermitian
1.9 Hon t
c tr ng v s suy bin 6 [1],
2.4 Ph suy bin [2]
2
2.5 Qu trnh trc giao Schmidt
2.6 Thuyt tnh ton trc tip
112
2.7 Thuyt giao hon thun nghch
2.8 Ton t lng t
Cc nguyn l c bn ca c l ng t 6 [1],
3.1 S din dch ring trong vt l lng t [2]
3.2 Ton t lng t ca xung lng trong biu din
ta
3 3.3 Ph xung lng
3.4 Nguyn l xp chng
3.5 Ton t nng lng Hamiltonian
3.6 S tng ng gia ton t tuyn tnh v vt l
lng t
Ph ng tr nh sng schrdinger 6 [1],
4.1 Chc nng ca ton t [2]
4.2 S ph thuc thi gian ca c lng t
4 4.3 Trng thi dng
4.4 H thng ph khng tng tc vi hm trng thi
thun
4.5 Hiu ng Tunel
M men ng l ng 6 [1],
5.1 Nhng qui tt ca php giao hon [2]
5.2 Gi tr ring ca m men ng lng
5 5.3 S tm tha s L2
5.4 Quay
5.5 Hm ring ca m men ng lng. a thc
Legendre
Nguyn t Hydro 6 [1],
6.1 Hamiltonian trong h ta cc [2]
6 6.2 a thc Lagerre v Lagrange
6.3 S suy bin ca nguyn t Hydro. S lng t
6.4 Cu hnh electron
L thuyt nhiu 5 [1],
7.1 Nhiu ph thuc thi gian [2]
7 7.2 Nhiu khng ph thuc thi gian
7.3 M men phn cc khi chuyn i ton t
7.4 M men t khi chuyn i ton t
p dng ca l thuyt nhiu 5 [1],
8.1 Thnh phn ca ph nh sang [2]
8 8.2 Thnh phn ca cng hng thun t in t
8.3 Cng ca chuyn i EPR
8.4 H s g trong ph EPR
113

- Din ging: 45 tit
PHNG PHP NH GI:
K HOCH T VN MN HC

My chiu
TI LIU THAM KHO
[1] P. A. M. Dirac. The Principles of Quantum Mechanic, 4th Edition, Oxford

Science Publication, 1995
[2] Donald Allan McQuarrie. Quantum Chemistry. Edwards Brothers, Inc, 2008
114
HA HC XANH
M s: CHHX 515
S TC: 3
S TC: 3
Ging vin hc phn: TS. L Thnh Phc
TS. Nguyn Trng Tun
n v ph trch: Khoa Khoa hc t nhin, i hc Cn Th.
M T MN HC
Mn hc cung cp c s l lun, hin trng v nh hng pht trin ca mt

ngnh hc mi hng v s pht trin bnh vng ca cc ngnh cng nghip trn c s
bo v sc khe v mi trng sng ca con ngi. Ni dung mn hc cp n cc
sn phm, k thut v cc qu trnh lin quan n cng ngh ha hc lm hn ch hoc
gim vic s dng cc ha cht gy c hi trong nghin cu v sn xut cng nghip
ngy t ngun u vo. Ha hc xanh c p dng xuyn sut vng i ca sn phm
t thit k, sn xut n s dng.
MC TIU
Mn hc ny pht trin da trn c s cc mn ha c s ca chng trnh o to

i hc vi mc tiu:
- Cung cp c s l lun, hin trng v nh hng pht trin ca ngnh ha hc
xanh, gii thiu mt s cng ngh v k thut xanh ang c nghin cu v
s dng trong lnh vc ny
- Mt s nh hng cn thit tip thu tt cc mn hc c lin quan v la
chn cc hng nghin cu sau ny
L thuyt: 45 tit

1 Tng quan v ha hc xanh 9 [1],
115
1.1 Ha hc v mi trng [2],
1.2 nh ngha ha hc xanh [3],
1.3 12 nguyn tc ca ha hc xanh [4]
1.4 o lng mc xanh
1.5 Ch s an ton v ri ro
1.6 Ch s khi lng v nng lng
1.7 Cc thnh tu t c ca ha hc xanh
Phn tch vng i sn ph m (LCA) 9 [1],
2.1 Khi nim v LCA [2]
2 2.2 Phng php LCA
2.3 ng dng ca LCA: LCA theo hng sn phm;
LCA theo hng qu trnh
Khuch tn v phn ng trong h t xc tc xp 9 [1],
3.1 Khi nim v s bnh vng [2]
3.2 Ha hc xanh v cc thng s bnh vng
3 - S dng nguyn liu ha cht
- S dng nc
- S dng nng lng
- Kh nng phc hi mi trng
Mt s gii php ha hc xanh trong cng ngh 9 [1],
4.1 Nng lng ti to [2]
- Kh nh knh
- Cc ngun tng lai cho nng lng ti to
4.2 Nguyn liu sinh hc
- S dng ngun nguyn liu u vo
- Nguyn liu sinh hc
- S dng cc ngun thc vt cho nguyn
liu ha hc
- S dng nguyn liu glucose v xellulose
- Nguyn liu t cht thi xellulose thi
4
- Tng hp sinh hc polymer trc tip
- Qu trnh chuyn i sinh tng hp cho cc
ha cht
4.3 Xc tc
4.4 Dung mi
4.5 Cc phng php tng hp mi
- Phng php quang ha
- Phng php siu m
- Phng php in ha
- Phng php t bo nng lng
- Phng php mi trng CO2 siu ti hn
116
Mt s v d v ha hc xanh trong cng ngh ha 9
hc
5.1. Cng nghip dc
5.2. Cng ngh polyme
5.3. Thuc tr su xua ui cn trng v thuc dit
5 c
5.4. Cng nghip thc phm v ph gia thc phm
5.5. Cng nghip cht hot ng b mt
5.6. Cng ngh dt nhum
5.7. Cng ngh sn xut bt giy v giy

- Din ging: 45 tit
PHNG PHP NH GI:
K HOCH T VN MN HC

My chiu
TI LIU THAM KHO
[17] Phan Thanh Sn Nam, Ha hc xanh trong tng hp hu c, NXB HQG

TPHCM, 2008
117
[18] Paul T. Anastas, John C. Warner. Green Chemistry: Theory and Practice,
Oxford University Press, 2000
[19] James H. Clark, Duncan J. Macquarrie. Handbook of Green Chemistry and
Technology. Wiley-Blackwell, 2002
[20] Paul T. Anastas, Lauren G. Heine, and Tracy C. Williamson. Green Chemical
Syntheses and Processes: Introduction, America Chemical Society,
Washington D.C, 2000
118
HA HNG LIU & M PHM
M s: CHHX 516
S TC: 3
Ging vin hc phn: TS. Hunh Lin Hng
TS. H Quc Phong
n v ph trch: Khoa Cng ngh, i hc Cn Th.
1 Thng tin ging vin

Tn ging vin: TS. Hunh Lin H ng
n v: B Mn Cng Ngh Ha Hc, Khoa Cng Ngh
in thoi: 3 872-146
E-mail: hlhuong@ctu.edu.vn
2 Hc phn tin quyt

Ha Hu C (TN121)
3 Ni dung
3.1 Mc tiu
Gii thiu cho sinh vin v l thuyt c bn v mi, cc ngun hng liu thin nhin
v tng hp, k thut tch chit tinh du v sn xut hng liu tng hp; cc dng
hng liu c trng, cc k thut c bn trong vic xy dng hp hng; cc
phng php phn tch v nh gi hng. Kt hp vi l thuyt l phn thc hnh
gip sinh vin thao tc chit cc hp cht c hng tnh t thin nhin v cc bc c
bn trong k thut phi hng.
.
3.2 nh gi mn hc
- Bo co seminar 30 %
- Thi gia k 20 %
- Thi kt thc 50 %
- Phn thc hnh: Sinh vin phi tham gia y cc bui thc
hnh v bo co, vng mt 1 bui s b cm thi.
4. c ng chi tit
Phn 1. L thuyt
CHNG I I CNG V MI
1.1 Gii thiu
119
1.2 Thuyt ha hc v mi
1.3 Thuyt l hc v mi
CHNG II CC NGUN HNG LIU THIN NHIN

2.1 Tinh du
2.2 Nha thm
2.3 Cc cht thm c ngun gc ng vt
CHNG III CC PHNG PHP TCH HP CHT THM THIN

NHIN
3.1 Gii thiu
3.2 Phng php c hc
3.3 Phng php chng ct li cun bng hi nc
3.4 Phng php trch ly bng dung mi d bay hi
3.5 Trch ly bng dung mi khng bay hi v cc cht hp ph rn
3.6 Phng php hin i
CHNG IV MT S PHNG PHP THNG DNG TCH HP

CHT QUAN TRNG TRONG TINH DU
4.1 Tch hp cht alcol
4.2 Tch hp cht phenol
4.3 Tch hp cht andehid v ceton
4.4 Tch cc hp cht d kt tinh nhit thp
CHNG V TNG HP MT S HP CHT C HNG TNH

5.1 Hp cht c hng tnh dng alcol v ete
5.2 Hp cht c hng tnh dng hydrocarbon
5.3 Hp cht c hng tnh dng andehit
5.4 Hp cht c hng tnh dng este
5.5 Mt s hp cht khc c hng tnh
CHNG VI T HP HNG
6.1 L thuyt v cht nh hng
6.2 K thut phi hng
6.3 Mt s t hp hng quan trng
CHNG VII CC DNG HNG LIU C TRNG

7.1. Hng liu dng dung dch cn
7.2. hng liu dng nh
7.3. Hng liu dng rn
CHNG VIII CC PHNG PHP PHN TCH HNG LIU

8.1 Phng php cm quan
120
8.2 Phng php nh lng mt s nhm chc quan trng
8.3 Cc phng php phn tch hin i
Phn II Thc hnh
- Tch chit cc hp cht c mi t mt s cy thin nhin.
- Xy dng hp hng.
5. Ti liu tham kho

1. Vng Ngc Chnh, Gio trnh Hng liu M Phm, HBK Tp.HCM, 2005.
2. Louis H Tn Ti, Cht ty ra v cc sn phm chm sc c nhn, Unilever, 2003.
3. Mitchell L. Schlossman, The Chemistry and Manufacture of Cosmetics, Allured
Publishing Corporation, 2000
4. Meyer R.Rosen, Delivery System handbook for Personal Care and Cosmetic
Products, William Andrew Publishing, 2005.
5. H.W. Hibbot, Handbook of Cosmetics science, Pergamon Press, 1963.
6. Andr O.Barel, Marc Paye, Howard I.Maibach, Handbook of Cosmetic science and
Technology, Marcel Decker, New York, 2001.
7. J.B.Wilkinson, P.I.Moore, Harrys Cosmeticology, Longman Sciencetific Technical,
1982.
8. Cosmetic Journal Th vin Cao hc
9. Trang web ca th vin i hc quc gia: www.vnulib.edu.vn
Duyt ca nv Cn Th, ngy..thng.nm .

Ng i bin so n
121
KHOA HC V CNG NGH VT LIU POLYMER
M s: CHVL-517
S TC: 3 (2 LT, 1 TH)
Ging vin hc phn: TS. Vn Phm an Thy
ThS. Phng Thanh V
M T MN HC
Khoa hc v cng ngh vt liu polymer, polymer ha (polymerization), ng

polymer ha (copolymerization), ha l polymer th rn, dung dch, lng, nhit ng
hc polymer, phng php phn tch, cng ngh sn xut.
MC TIU
Mn hc cung cp cc kin thc v khoa hc v cng ngh vt liu polymer, cc

qu trnh polymer ha, tnh cht vt l, ha hc ca vt liu polymer, v k thut sn xut
trong thc tin.
L thuyt: 30 tit
1 Gii thiu v khoa hc v cng ngh vt liu 5 [1]
polymer
1.2 c tnh cu trc ca polymer
1.3 Phn loi polymer
1.4 Tng quan gia cu trc v c tnh ca
polymer
2 Polymer ha 5 [2, 3]
2.2 Phn loi, c ch, ng hc, tc phn ng
2.2.1 Step polymerization
2.2.2 Radical polymerization
2.2.3 Ionic polymerization
122
3 ng polymer ha 3 [2,3]
3.2 Phn loi, c ch, ng hc, tc phn ng
3.2.1 Step copolymerization
3.2.2 Chain copolymerization
3.2.3 Block copolymerization
3.2.4 Graft copolymerization
4 Ha l polymer 5 [2]
4.1 Th v nh hnh
4.2 Th kt tinh
4.3 Tnh tha k lp c s v lp dn xut
4.4 Lp trnh ng dng
5 Polymer blend 5 [3]
5.2 Mc tng thch
5.3 Phn loi polymer blend
5.4 Tnh cht polymer blend
5.5 Nhit chuyn thy tinh ca polymer blend
6 Ph ng php phn tch vt liu polymer 5 [2,3]
6.1 Infrared spectroscopy
6.2 Raman spectroscopy
6.3 Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy
6.4 Mass spectroscopy
7 Cng ngh sn xut 2 [4]
7.1 Hot embossing
7.2 Injection molding
7.3 Casting
7.4 Laser photoablation
Thc hnh, bi tp: 30 tit

TT Ni dung S tit a im TLTK
1 Tng hp polymer 10 Phng th [2]
nghim
CNHH
2 Xc nh khi lng phn t 10 Phng th [2]
polymer nghim
CNHH
3 To mng film polymer bng 10 Phng th [4]
phng php casting nghim
CNHH
123

- Din ging: 30 tit
- Thc hnh: 30 tit
PHNG PHP NH GI:
- Thc hnh: 20%

- Chuyn : 30%
- Thi ht mn: 50%
K HOCH T VN MN HC

My chiu, projector, dng c v ho cht th nghim.
TI LIU THAM KHO
[1] Premamoy Ghosh, Polymer Science and Technology Plastics, Rubbers, Blends
and Composites, The McGraw-Hill companies, 1990.
[2] George G Odian, Principle of Polymerization, Wiley-Interscience, 2004.
[3] Robert J. Young, Peter A. Lovell, Introduction to Polymers, CRC Press Taylor
& Francis Group,The Matthworks, 2011.
[4] Myra T Joesdjojo, Fabrication and Application of Polymer Based Microfluidic
Devices.
124
K THUT CHN KHNG V MNG MNG
M s: CHCK-518
S TC: 3 (3 LT)
Ging vin hc phn: TS. Nguyn Tr Tun
TS. Nguyn Thnh Tin
n v ph trch: Khoa Khoa Hc T Nhin i hc Cn Th.
M T MN HC
- K thut chn khng cao

- Cng ngh ch to mng mng bng phng php lng ng vt l (PVD)
- Cng ngh ch to mng mng bng phng php ha hc
MC TIU
Truyn t cho sinh vin nhng kin thc c bn v vt l v k thut mng mng, c s
l thuyt v nhit ng hc cht kh, l thuyt v chn khng, l thuyt mc mng.
L thuyt: 30 tit
1 Vt l v k thut chn khng cao 5 [1]
1.1. Mt s loi bm chn khng

1.2. Nguyn l chn khng
1.3. c tnh chung ca h chn khng
2 L thuyt bc bay chn khng 5 [1]
2.1. Tc bc bay
2.2. Phn b phn t bc hi theo hng
2.3. Phn b mng mng theo chiu dy
125
3 Ch t o mng mng bng k thut chn khng 10 [2,3]
3.1. Bc bay nhit

3.2. Bc bay bng chm tia in t
3.3. Bc bay bng xung laser
3.4. Epitaxi chm phn t (MBE)
4 Ph ng php ha hc 15 [4]
4.1. Lng ng in ha
4.2. Phng php sol-gel
4.3. Phng php kt ta t dung dch
4.4. Phng php quay ph
4.5. Phng php nhng ph
4.6. Phng php lng ng pha hi ha hc
(CVD)
5 Ph ng php phn x 10 [2,4]
5.1. L thuyt v phng in phn x

5.2. Ch to mng mng bng cc phng php
phn x

- Din ging: 30 tit
PHNG PHP NH GI:
- Chuyn : 30%
- Thi ht mn: 70%
126
K HOCH T VN MN HC

My chiu, phng th nghim vt liu.
TI LIU THAM KHO
[1] Nguyn Hu Ch, Vt l v thut chn khng, NXB i hc Quc Gia

Tp.HCM, (2008).
[2] Nguyn Nng nh, Vt L v k thut mng mng, NXB i hc Quc Gia
HN, H Ni, (2005).
[3] Smith D, thin films deposition: Principles and practice , McGraw- Hill,
NewYork, (1995).
[4] Thin film processes, Eds. John Wossen and Werner Kern, Academic Press,
London, (1991).
127
K THUT VN TRUYN THUC
M s: CHTT 519
S TC: 3
Ging vin hc phn: TS. on Vn Hng Thin
ThS. Nguyn Dng Thanh Thi
M T MN HC
y l mn hc c tnh cht nghin cu ng dng t cc qu trnh ha hc (ha

hu c, truyn vn, ha l, polymer) vo lnh vc dc nhm nng cao hiu qu s
dng ca dc cht cng nh iu tr c cc bnh him ngho.
MC TIU
Hc vin nm vng cc kin thc v k thut vn truyn thuc cng nh cc h

truyn thuc.
L thuyt: 45 tit

1 Gii thiu v k thut vn truyn thuc 6 [1],
1.1 Cc phng thc truyn thuc [2],
1.2 Cc phng php phn tn thuc [3],
1.3 nh hng ca phng thc truyn thuc n [4]
nng thuc
1.4 Dc ng hc, thit k thuc v dn truyn
thuc
1.5 Truyn thuc theo mc tiu
S khuch tn v phn tn thuc 9 [1],
2.1 Phng thc ngu nhin [2]
2 2.2 Phng trnh khuch tn dng (nh lut Fick)
2.3 Phng trnh bo ton khi lng (nh lut Fick
2)
128
2.4 Xc nh h s khuch tn
2.5 ng dng: khuch tn trong nc; khuch tn
trong dung dch polymer v gel; khuch tn ngoi
t bo; khuch tn trong mn; khuch tn v phn
ng
K thut dn truyn thuc 12 [1],
3.1 Ci tin thuc: tng ha tan; tng n inh; [2]
iu chnh tc nhn thm thu; truyn thuc theo
mc tiu
3
3.2 K thut iu khin tc gii phng thuc: s
tr thuc v h dn truyn di da; h dn truyn
li; h dn truyn hydrogel; h dn truyn thoi
bin; h dn truyn ht; h dn truyn p ng
Vt liu polymer cho dn truyn thuc 12 [1],
4.1 Polymer khng phn hy : silicon elastomer; [2]
poly(ethylene-co-vinyl acetat); polyurethane
4.2 Polymer phn hy sinh hc: polyanhydrides; poly
4
- - caprolactone v dn xut; poly (ortho esters);
polyphosphazenes; pseudopoly (amino acids)
4.3 Polymer tan trong nc: polymer c ngun gc
t nhin; Acrylat v acrylamid
Vt liu cu trc c bit cho k thut truyn 9 [1]
thuc [4]
5.1 Ht nano: nano poloymer, nano kim loi, nano c
5
tnh cht t, nano composite
5.2 Ht c cu trc li/ht (core @ shell)
5.3 Nanogel, liposome, ht keo micell, dendrimer

- Din ging: 45 tit
PHNG PHP NH GI:
129
K HOCH T VN MN HC

My chiu
TI LIU THAM KHO
[1] W. M. Saltzman. Drug Delivery: Engineering Principles for Drug Therapy.

Oxford University Press, 2001
[2] Ijeoma F. Uchegbu, Andreas G. Schtzlein. Polymers for Drug Delivery.
CRC/Taylor & Francis, 2006
[3] Glen S. Kwon. Polymeric drug delivery systems. Taylor & Francis, 2005
[4] Binghe Wang, Teruna J. Siahaan, Richard A.Soltero. Drug Delivery:
Principles and Applications. Jonh Wiley & Sons. 2005.
130
K THUT LNH
(Refrigeration Technology)
M s: CHKL 520
S TC: 03
Ging vin hc phn: TS. Nguyn Vn Cng
ThS. Nguyn Trng Ngha
M T MN HC
C s l thuyt ca qu trnh lm lnh (ha l, truyn nhit). ng dng qu

trnh lm lnh trong bo qun cc sn phm nng nghip, thc phm.Mt s vn
hin nay ca k thut lnh v xu hng pht trin trong tng lai.
MC TIU
Mn hc cung cp cc kin thc v k thut lnh v ng dng ca n trong cng

ngh sau thu hoch, cng ngh thc phm.
L thuyt: 36 tit
Ch ng Ni dung (*) S tit TLTK
1 Mt s kin thc c bn v lm l nh 6 (**)
2 Cc thnh phn ca mt h thng l nh 9 (**)
3 ng hc qu trnh lm l nh 9 (**)
4 K thut l nh trong cng ngh sau thu ho ch 9 (**)
v bo qun thc ph m
5 Vn chuyn c lm l nh 6 (**)
6 K thut l nh trong t ng lai 6 (**)
(*): Ni dung chi tit s cung cp sau
(**): S cung cp sau
131
- Din ging: 45 tit
PHNG PHP NH GI:
- Thi cui hc k: 100%

K HOCH T VN MN HC
Cc hc vin c th trao i, tho lun trc tip vi ging vin ph trch mn hc

trong gi hc hay qua email.
Projector + my tnh, overhead, bng + phn.

TI LIU THAM KHO
132
K THUT SINH HC PHN T
M s: CHSH 521
S TC: 3LT
Ging vin hc phn: TS. Hunh Lin Hng
TS. H Quc Phong
M T MN HC
Cc phn t sinh hc nh protein hay polysaccharides l mt trong nhng sn

phm thng mi quan trng v thng thng c sn sut thng qua s ln men cc vi
sinh vt hoc nui cy t bo. ng hc ca cc qu trnh sinh tng hp v pht trin ca
mt s phn t quan trng i vi ngnh cng nghip s c cp trong ni dung
chng trnh. Cc k thut v cng ngh DNA nhm to ra cc phn t sinh hc quan
trng cng s c trnh by trong ni dung kha hc. Ngoi ra, kh nng thu hi cng
nh k thut tinh ch cng s c cp. Ngoi ra, mn hc cng s cung cp cho hc
vin cc kin thc c bn v k thut xc nh cc lin kt c th gia cc phn t sinh
hc, cc k thut bin i v c nh protein gip tng cng v duy tr n nh cng
nh cc hot tnh ca protein, v.v.
MC TIU
Mn hc cung cp cc kin thc c bn v k thut cng ngh trn cc phn t

sinh hc c bn. y l mt trong nhng ngnh khoa hc cn kh mi Vit Nam nhng
c vai tr v cng quan trng trong cc ngnh cng nghip cng nh trong cc lnh vc y
hc, dc phm, m phm.
L thuyt: 45 tit
S
Ch ng Ni dung TLTK
tit
1. Tng quan
3
1.1. Tng quan v ha sinh hc (biochemistry)
133
S
Ch ng Ni dung TLTK
tit
1.2. Gii thiu k thut sinh hc
2. ng hc cc qu trnh sinh tng hp v pht trin ca t bo 3
3. Cc phn t sinh hc c bn: DNA v s di truyn mt m
3
thng tin
4. Protein expression:
4.1. Construction vector
4.2. Chuyn ha vector
6
4.3. Cc xc tin promoter
4.4. Cc v tr lin kt ribosome
4.5. S lin hp protein (fusion proteins)
5. K thut lm tinh khit protein
5.1. Tng quan
5.2. Tinh khit bng phng php hp ph 6
5.3. Tinh khit bng phng php sc k
5.4. Tinh khit bng hng php mng lc
6. Bin i protein
6.1. Qu trnh glycosyl ha 6
6.2. Qu trnh PEG ha
7. Thi gia k
8. Phng php hin th cc phn t sinh hc trn b mt 6
9. Tng tc gia protein v protein
9.1. Tng quan 6
9.2. Lai ha Yeast, QCM, SPR, BRET
10. K thut c nh protein (protein immobilization): phng
6
php c nh trn v tr c th
11. Bo co chuyn 15
134
S
Ch ng Ni dung TLTK
tit
12. Thi cui k

- Din ging : 45 tit
- Bo co chuyn : 15 tit
PHNG PHP NH GI:
- Thi gia k: 40%

- Chuyn v bi tp: 20%
- Thi ht mn: 40%
K HOCH T VN MN HC

My chiu
TI LIU THAM KHO
Khng c sch gio khoa, mn hc ch yu da trn kin thc tng hp t cc cng

trnh khoa hc cng b trn tp ch quc t. Hc vin c th tm c trn trang.
http://www.sciencedirect.com/
135
K THUT SY
M s: CHKS 522
S TC: 3
Ging vin hc phn: PGS-TS. Nguyn Vn Mi1
TS. Dng Thi Cng2
ThS. Nguyn Trng Ngha3
n v ph trch: 1Khoa Nng Nghip, i hc Cn Th.

2
Trung tm i hc Ti chc Cn Th
3
M T MN HC
H thng cc kin thc v sy hc v cung cp thm kin thc chuyn ngnh sy

t thit k mt h thng sy hon chnh: H thng sy i lu, h thng sy tip xc,
h thng sy thng hoa, vi song... Mn hc cng cung cp cho sinh vin nhng kin thc
v tnh ton thit b ph tr cho h thng sy v t ng ho h thng sy.
MC TIU
Cng c v vn dng nhng kin thc trong cc mn hc tin quyt tnh ton,
thit k thit b sy. Ngoi ra cn b sung kin thc c bn ca phn t ng ha thit b
sy.
L thuyt: 45 tit

1 Khng kh m 7 [1]-
1.1 Vt liu m [9]
1.2 ng hc qu trnh sy
1.3 c lc hc qu trnh sy
1.4 Cc phng php xc nh thi gian sy
Thit b sy 7 [1],
2.1 Phn loi thit b sy [8]
2 2.2 Cn bng nhit v cn bng nng lng ca qu
trnh sy
2.3 Cc bc tnh ton, thit k h thng sy
136
Sy i l u 7 [8]
3.1 Tc nhn sy
3.2 Cc phng thc sy
3
3.3 Cc yu t nh hng n qu trnh sy
3.4 Tnh ton qu trnh sy i lu
3.5 Thit b sy i lu
Sy tip xc 6 [1],
4.1 Trao i nhit - m trong qu trnh sy tip xc [2],
4 4.2 Cc thng s ng hc ca sy tip xc [8]
4.3 Sy tip xc kt hp vi sy i lu
4.4 Thit b sy tip xc
Cc thit b sy khc 6 [4]
5.1 Sy bc x [8]
5
5.2 Sy thng hoa
5.3 Sy vi sng
Thit b ph trong thit b sy 6 [8]
6.1 Thit b gia nhit khng kh
6.2 Bung t trong thit b sy
6 6.3 Tnh ton kh ng, la chn qut trong qu trnh
sy
6.4 Thit b kh bi
T ng ha thit b sy 6 [6],
7.1 Thng s c bn ca qu trnh sy [8]
7
7.2 T ng ha qu trnh sy

- Din ging: 45 tit
PHNG PHP NH GI:
137
K HOCH T VN MN HC

My chiu
TI LIU THAM KHO
[1] H. All Type of Equipment (Cimbria Copy). 2003. Selandia College.

Denmark.
[2] on Vn in, Nguyn Bng. 1987. L Thuyt v Tnh Ton My Nng
nghip. Trng i hc Nng Lm, Thnh ph H Ch Minh.
[3] FAO. 1994. Grains Storage Techniques Evolution and Trends in Developing
4 Countries. Rome, Italia.
[4] Hong vn Chc. 1999. K Thut sy. NXB Khoa hc v K thut
[5] James E. Wimbley. 1983. Paddy Rice Postharvest Industry in Developing
Countries. IRRI, Manila Philippines.
[6] Osborne, W.C., C.G. Turner. 1967. Woods Practical Guide to Fan
Engineering. Published by Woods of Colchester Limited, England.
[7] Phan Hiu Hin. 2001. Cng ngh sau thu hoch i vi vic sn xut ht
ging. Tp san KHKT Nng - Lm nghip
[8] Trn Vn Ph. 2001. Tnh ton v thit k h thng sy. NXB Gio dc
[9] V Quc Trung. 1979. Bo Qun Thc. NXB Nng nghip.
138
NHIT NG LC HC K THUT NNG CAO
M s: CHN 523
S TC: 3
Ging vin hc phn: TS. Trng B Ti
TS. Nguyn Th Hng Thy
M T MN HC

to cng ngh ha hc nh nhit ng lc hc, c lu cht, ha l, truyn nhit, truyn
khi, k thut phn ng v k thut xc tc.
MC TIU
Hc vin nm vng cc kin thc v truyn vn gm ba qu trnh: truyn xung

lng, truyn nhit v truyn khi.
L thuyt: 45 tit

1 Gii thiu 5 [1],
1.1 Vn trung tm ca nhit ng lc hc [2],
1.2 H thng n v
1.3 Trng thi cn bng
1.4 p sut, nhit , v cn bng
1.5 Nhit, cng v s bo ton nng lng
1.6 Khi qut ha trng thi cn bng: bin ni v
ngoi ca trng thi cn bng
1.7 Tm tt s quan st th nghim quan trng
1.8 Bnh lun v s pht trin ca nhit ng lc hc
139
Bo to n khi l ng 5 [1]
2.1 Phng trnh cn bng tng qut v bo ton khi
2 lgn
2.2 Phng trnh cn bng khi lng ca h thng
nhiu thnh phn vi phn ng ha hc
Bo to n nng l ng 5 [1]
3.1 Bo ton nng lng
3.2 Nhng th v v s dng phng trnh bo ton
3
nng lng
3.3 Tnh cht nhit ng lc hc ca vt cht
3.4 Bo ton xung lng
Entropy: s thm v o ph ng tr nh cn bng 5 [1]
4.1 Entropy: khi nim mi
4.2 Cn bng entropy v s bt thun nghch
4
4.3 Nhit, cng, ng c, v entropy
4.4 S thay i entropy ca vt cht
4.5 S p dng ca cn bng entropy
Tnh cht nhit ng lc hc ca vt cht thc 5 [1]
5.1 Mt vi tnh ton ban u
5.2 Tnh ton ca o hm ring phn trong nhit
ng lc hc
5.3 Kh l tng v thang nhit tuyt i
5
5.4 Tnh ton ca s thay i trng thi ca kh thc
5.5 Vn ca phng trnh trng thi
5.6 nh lut th ba ca nhit ng lc hc
5.7 Phng php c lng ca im ti hn v
nhng tnh cht khc
Cn bng v s n nh ca h thng mt cu t 5 [1]
6.1 im ti hn ca cn bng
6.2 n nh ca h thng nhit ng lc hc
6.3 Cn bng pha: s p dng ca cn bng v im
n nh ti hn ca phng trnh trng thi
6.4 Nng lng Gibbs v h s fugacity ca cu t
tinh khit
6 6.5 S tnh ton ca cn bng pha lng h tinh khit:
s tnh ton ca p sut hi t phng trnh trng
thi
6.6 Khi hot ha trng thi cn bng nhit ng lc
hc ca h thng nhiu pha: qui tc pha Gibb cho
h thng mt thnh phn
6.7 Tnh cht nhit ng lc hc ca s chuyn i
pha
7 Nhit ng lc hc ca hn hp nhiu cu t 5 [1]
140
7.1 M t nhit c lc hc ca hn hp
7.2 Phng trnh trin phn ca nng lng Gibb
7.3 Phng trnh ca s thay i cho h thng nhiu
cu t
7.4 Nhit ca phn ng v tnh cht nhit ng lc
hc ca hn hp phn ng
7.5 im ti hn ca cn bng pha h thng nhiu
cu t
7.6 im ti hn ca cn bng ha hc v kt hp s
cn bng pha v cn bng ha hc
7.7 Khi qut ha trng thi cn bng nhit ng lc
hc v h thng nhiu pha; qui tc qua Gibb
c l ng nng l ng Gibb v h s fugacity ca 5 [1]
mt cu t trong hn hp
8.1 Hn hp kh l tng
8.2 Nng lng Gibb ring phn v h s fugacity
8.3 Tnh cht ca hn hp l tng
8.4 H s fugacity ca tng cu t trong hn hp kh,
8
lng, v rn
8.5 S lin h ca m hnh h s hot ca hn
hp lng
8.6 Kt hp phng trnh trng thi v m hnh nng
lng Gibb
8.7 Dung dch dn in
Cn bng ha hc 5 [1]
9.1 Cn bng ha hc trong h mt pha
9.2 Phn ng ha hc d th
9
9.3 Cn bng ha hc khi nhiu phn ng xy ra
trong h mt phan
9.4 Kt hp ha hc v cn bng pha

- Din ging: 45 tit
PHNG PHP NH GI:
141
K HOCH T VN MN HC

My chiu
TI LIU THAM KHO

[1] Sandler, Thermodynamics, 4th edition, John Wiley & Sons, Jnc. 2006
[2] J. Bevan Ott, Juliana Boerio-Goates. ChemicalThermodynamics:Advanced
Applications, Elsevier Science & Technology Books, 2000
142
TRUYN VN
M s: CHTV 524
S TC: 3
Ging vin hc phn: TS. Nguyn Th Hng Thy
TS. on Vn Hng Thin
M T MN HC

to cng ngh ha hc nh nhit ng lc hc, c lu cht, ha l, truyn nhit, truyn
khi, k thut phn ng v k thut xc tc.
MC TIU
Hc vin nm vng cc kin thc v truyn vn gm ba qu trnh: truyn xung

lng, truyn nhit v truyn khi.
L thuyt: 45 tit

1 nht v c ch truyn xung l ng 5 [1],
1.1 nh lut Newton v nht [4]
1.2 Khi qut ha nh lut Newton v nht
1.3 S ph thuc ca p sut v nhit n nht
1.4 Thuyt phn t ca nht cht lng
1.5 nht ca huyn ph v nh tng
1.6 Truyn xung lng i lu
Cn bng xung l ng theo lp v v phn phi 5 [1],
vn tc trong dng chy tng [4]
2
2.1 Cn bng xung lng theo lp v v iu kin
bin
143
2.2 Dng chy ca lp phim lu cht ri
2.3 Dng chy thng qua ng trn
2.4 Dng chy qua hnh vnh khuyn
2.5 Dng chy ca 2 cht lng khng tan ln
2.6 Dng chy t t xung quanh ht cu
Cc ph ng tr nh ca s thay i i vi h thng 5 [1],
ng nhit [4]
3.1 Phng trnh lin tc
3.2 Phng trnh chuyn ng
3
3.3 Phng trnh nng lng c hc
3.4 Phng trnh ca s thay i v o hm
3.5 S dng phng trnh ca s thay i gii
quyt vn dng chy
S dn nhit v c ch vn chuyn nng l ng 5 [1] [2]
4.1 nh lut Fourier v dn nhit
4.2 S ph thuc ca nhit v p sut n h s
dn nhit
4 4.3 L thuyt v dn nhit ca kh khi lng ring
thp
4.4 L thuyt v dn nhit ca cht lng
4.5 Dn nhit ca cht rn
4.6 S vn chuyn i lu ca nng lng
Cn bng nng l ng theo lp v v s phn phi 5 [1] [2]
nhit trong vt rn v dng chy tng
5.1 Cn bng nng lng theo lp v v iu kin
bin
5.2 Dn nhit vi ngun nhit in
5.3 Dn nhit vi ngun nhit ht nhn
5
5.4 Dn nhit vi ngun nhit nht
5.5 Dn nhit vi ngun nhit ha hc
5.6 Dn nhit qua tng composite
5.7 Dn nhit trong cnh tng nhit lm lnh
5.8 i lu nhit cng bc
5.9 lu nhit t nhin
Cc ph ng tr nh ca s thay i i vi h thng 5 [1] [2]
khng ng ng nhit
6.1 Phng trnh nng lng
6 6.2 Dng cu ca phng trnh nng lng
6.3 Phng trnh Bousinesq ca s chuyn ng ca
nhit i lu cng bc v i lu t nhin
6.4 S dng phng trnh ca s thay i gii
144
quyt vn n nh
S khuch tn v c ch truyn khi 5 [1] [3]
7.1 nh lut Fick ca s khuch tn lng phn t
7.2 S ph thuc ca nhit v p sut n h s
khuch tn
7.3 L thuyt ca s khuch tn trong kh khi
lng ring thp
7
7.4 L thuyt ca s khuch tn trong cht lng
lng phn t
7.5 L thuyt ca s khuch tn trong dung dch
huyn ph
7.6 L thuyt ca s khuch tn trong polymer
7.7 Truyn khi bng phng thc i lu
S phn phi nng trong vt rn v dng chy 5 [1] [3]
tng
8.1 Cn bng khi lng theo lp v v iu kin
bin
8.2 Khuch tn qua lp phim c nh
8 8.3 Khuch tn vi phn ng ha hc d th
8.4 Khuch tn vi phn ng ha hc ng th
8.5 S khuch tn qua lp phim ri
8.6 Khuch tn v phn ng ha hc trong lp xc
tc rng
8.7 S khuch tn trong kh ba thnh phn
Cc ph ng tr nh ca s thay i i vi h thng 5 [1] [3]
nhiu cu t
9.1 Phng trnh lin tc ca hn hp nhiu thnh
phn
9
9.2 Tm tt nhng phng trnh ca s thay i
9.3 Tm tt thng lng nhiu thnh phn
9.4 S dng nhng phng trnh ca s thay i ca
hn hp

- Din ging: 45 tit
145
PHNG PHP NH GI:
K HOCH T VN MN HC

My chiu
TI LIU THAM KHO
[1] Bird R.B., Stewart W.E., Lightfoot E.N. Transport phenomena (2ed).
Wiley, 2002
[2] Frank P. Incropera, David P. DeWitt. Introduction to Heat Transfer. 5th,
2002
[3] Ross Taylor, R. Krishna. Multicomponent Mass Transfer. Jonh Wiley &
Sons. 1993
[4] Ron Darby. Chemical Engineering Fluid Mechanics. 2ed., Dekker, 2001
[5]
146
VT LIU COMPOSITE NNG CAO
M s: CHCP 525
S TC: 3
Ging vin hc phn: TS. Trng Ch Thnh
ThS. Nguyn Minh Tr
ThS. Trn L Qun Ngc
M T MN HC
Gii thiu cc kin thc chuyn mn v vt liu composite vi ni dung ch trng

v vt liu composite nn hu c. Cc khi nim chuyn mn v vt liu composite v
cc kin thc c bn v c l tnh ca vt liu composite; cc vt liu thnh phn c s
dng ph bin ca vt liu composite nn hu c; cc hnh thc kin trc si, nguyn l
gia cng v nh hng ca kin trc si n c tnh c hc ca vt liu composite; gii
thiu mt s k thut gia cng vt liu composite. Thc hnh to mu vt liu composite
nn hu c v th nghim kho st mt s c tnh c hc.
MC TIU
Gii thiu cc kin thc chuyn mn v vt liu composite vi ni dung ch trng

v v liu composite nn hu c. Phn u, cp n cc khi nim chuyn mn v vt
liu composite v cc kin thc c bn v c l tnh ca vt liu composite. Phn tip
theo, mn hc gii thiu v cc vt liu thnh phn c s dng ph bin ca vt liu
composite nn hu c. Phn cui, ch yu cp cc hnh thc kin trc si, nguyn l
gia cng v nh hng ca kin trc si n c tnh c hc ca vt liu composite, gii
thiu mt s k thut gia cng vt liu composite. Thc hnh to mu vt liu composite
nn hu c v th nghim kho st mt s c tnh c hc.
L thuyt: 30 tit

1 Gii thiu vt liu composite 6 [1],
147
1.1 Vt liu composite [2],
1.2 c tnh c hc ca vt liu composite [3],
[4],
[5]
Vt liu th nh phn ca vt liu composite nn 12 [1],
nha [2]
2 2.1 M u
2.2 Vt liu nha nn (plastic-matrix material)
2.3 Mt s loi vt liu ct chnh dng si
Preform 12 [1],
3.1 Gii thiu [2],
3 3.2 Preform mt chiu [3]
3.3 Preform hai chiu
3.4 Preform ba chiu
Thc hnh: 30 tit
TT Bi TH, TN S tit TLTK

1 K thut pha ch gelcoat 5
2 To model v gia cng mu vt liu 10
composite nn nha nhit rn
3 Gia cng mu vt vt liu composite 10
nn nha nhit do
4 Th nghim xc nh c tnh mu vt 5
composite

- Din ging: 45 tit
PHNG PHP NH GI:
148
K HOCH T VN MN HC

My chiu
TI LIU THAM KHO
[3] Nguyn Minh Tr, Bi ging vt liu composite. 2006

[4] I Verpoest and others. EUPOCO Text-book Module 1,4,5 &6
[5] L Vn Dng. Vt liu hc. Nh xut bn k thut, 2000
[6] Nguyn Hoa Thnh, Nguyn nh c. Vt liu composite c hc & cng
ngh. NXB Khoa hc K thut, 2001
[7] Phm Ph. Vt liu & Vt liu mi. NXB H Quc gia TPHCM, 2002
149
PH LC II: L LCH & VN BNG TIN S CA CN B C
HU

B GIO DC V O TO CNG HA X HI CH NGHA VIT NAM

TRNG I HC CN TH c lp - T do - Hnh phc
L LCH HOA HC
L LCH S L C
H v t n: H QUC PHONG Gi i t nh: N m
Ng y th ng n m sinh: 978 Ni sinh: Hng Ng - ng Th p
Qu qu n: C n Th D n t : Kinh, Tn gio: Khng
h li n l : Khu I H C n Th ng 3 -4, Q. Ninh Kiu TP C n Th.
in tho i li n h: 0907386339 E-mail: hqphong@ctu.edu.vn
Ch v: Trng phng th nghim
n v ng t : B m n C ng Ngh H H , Kho C ng Ngh - HCT
Ng h vi n h : Ging vi n (15111) Th m ni n ging d y: 9 n m
Trnh huy n m n o nht: Tin s
QU TR NH O TO
* :
H o t o: Ch nh Quy Ni o t o: H Bch Khoa TP. HCM
Ng nh h huy n m n: C ng Ngh Ha H
N m t t nghip: 3
*T s:
Thi gi n o t o: 7-2008
Ni o t o: H Kho H CN Qu Gi i Lo n, chuyn tip Tin s.
* T n s:
Thi gi n o t o: 8 2011
Ni o t o: Trng i H Kho H v C ng Ngh Qu Gi i Lo n
Chuy n ng nh o t o: Cng Ngh Ha H
T n lun n: Investigation the Formation of Micropatterned Polymer Surfaces
nd Studies on Their Biofun tion lity (Nghi n Cu S Hnh Th nh Cu Tr B Mt
Polymer v Tm Hiu Ch N ng Sinh H C Chng)
150
* n :
Ting Anh M th nh th o: Lu lo t
QU TR NH C NG TC CHU NM N
Th n N c n t c Cn v c tr ch
2003 - 2007 i H C n Th Ging d y m n: K Thut X T
2003 - 2007 i H C n Th Ging d y m n: K Thut H Nhu m
2003 - 2007 i H C n Th Ging d y m n: H l M i Trng
2003 - 2007 i H C n Th H ng dn th nghim m n: H L M i Trng
2003 - 2007 i H C n Th H ng dn th nghim m n: Nhit K Thut
H ng dn th nghim m n: Qu Trnh v Thit B
2003 - 2007 iH C n Th
C ng Ngh H H
H ng dn n ho sinh vi n ng nh ng ngh h
2003 - 2007 iH C n Th
h
H ng dn b o o huy n ho sinh vi n ng nh
2003 - 2007 iH C n Th
ng ngh h h
H ng dn n ho sinh vi n ng nh ng ngh h
~ 2011 iH C n Th
h
QU TR NH NGHI N CU HOA HC
4.1 C c t n h n cu ho hc thc h n
TT T n t n h n cu l nh vc N t c p Tr ch nh th
n dn ho n C s tron t
th nh n nh tr n
4.2 S ch v o tr nh u t n (lit k theo cc di y, nh du (+) vo

tng ng tc gi hoc ng tc gi)
Tc n t c
TT Tn sch Nh u t n N u t n
4.3 C c c n tr nh n h n cu ho hc c n (lit k cng trnh theo th t:

Tn tc gi; Tn bi bo; Tn Tp ch v s ca tp ch; trang ng bi bo; N m
ut bn, nh ut bn ca Tp ch)
1. Yeshitila Asteraye Tsigiea, Chun-Yuan Wanga, Novy S. Kasima, Quy-Do Diema,
Lien-Huong Huynha,b, Quoc-Phong Hob, Chi-Thanh Troungb and Yi-Hsu Jua*,
Oil produ tion from Y rrowi lipolyti Po g using ri e br n hydrolys te in
press, Journal of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, 2011.
2. Maria Yulianaa, Lien-Huong Huynh, Quoc-Phong Ho, Chi-Thanh Truong, Yi-Hsu
Jua Def tted shew nut shell st r h s renew ble polymeri m teri l: Isol tion
and h r teriz tion C rbohydr te Polymers 87 ( ) 576 2581.
151
3. Quoc-Phong Ho, Jian-Je Chen, Meng-Jiy W ng* Modul tion of ell responses
by re ting surf e submi ron topogr phy nd mine fun tion lities in press
Journal of Polymer Science Part B: Polymer Physics, 2011 (11-09-0439).
4. Quoc-Phong Ho, Shu-LingWang, Meng-JiyW ng* Cre tion of
Biofunctionalized Micro Patterns on Poly(methyl methacrylate) by Single Step
Ph se Sep r tion Method ACS Applied M teri ls & Interf es . 3( )
44964503.
5. Quoc-Phong Ho, Shu-Ling Wang, Meng-Jiy W ng* Cell Beh viors on Mi ro-
p tterned Porous Thin Films M teri ls S ien e nd Engineering B: Adv n ed
Functional Solid-State Materials. 2010, 169 (1-3): 94-100.
6. Quoc-Phong Ho, Meng-Jiy Wang*, The creation of biomimetic patterned polymer
thin films, European Materials Research Society Conference (E-MRS), France,
09-14 May, 2011.
7. Quoc-Phong Ho, Shu-Ling Wang, Meng-Jiy W ng* Cell Beh viors on Mi ro-
p tterned Porous Thin Films Europe n M teri ls Rese r h So iety Conference
(E-MRS), June 08 - 12, 2009 (97-2221-E-011-011-MY2).
8. Quoc-Phong Ho, Shu-Ling Wang, Meng-Jiy W ng* Prep r tion of Mi ro-
p tterned Bio omp tible PolymerMembr nes The 8th Conferen e on Membr ne
Science & Technology, Chung-Yuan University, Taiwan, June 2008 (NSC:95-
2218-E-011-019-).
9. Quoc Phong Ho, Shu-Ling Wang, Meng-Jiy W ng* Prep r tion of
biocompatible micro-p tterned thin films by ph se sep r tion 8
Taiwan/Korea/Japan Chemical Engineering Conference & 55th Taiwan Institute
of Chemical Engineers Annual Conference, Taipei, Taiwan, November 20-22,
2008 (97-2221-E-011-011-MY2).
X c nhn
c tr n hc C n Th Cn Th, ngy ... thng .. n m 2012
Ngi k kh i k t n
TS H Qu c Phon
152
Bn T n s C n N h H Hc c TS H Qu c Phon
153
L LCH HOA HC
1. L LCH S L C
H v t n: NGU N VN CNG Gi i t nh: Nam
Ng y th ng n m sinh: 5 5 97 Ni sinh: Bn Tre
Qu qu n: M C y Bn Tre D n t : Kinh, Tn gio: Khng
Ch ri ng ho h li n l : Kho C ng Ngh - H C n Th
in tho i li n h: 9 89 9 9 3 E-mail: nvcuong@ctu.edu.vn
n v ng t : Kho C ng Ngh Ng h vi n h : Ging vin chnh
Th m ni n ging d y: 7 n m Trnh huy n m n: Tin S
2. QU TR NH O TO
* :
H o t o: Ch nh qui d i h n Ni o t o: i h C n Th
Ng nh h huy n m n: C Kh N ng Nghip
N m t t nghip: 8 99
*T s:
Thi gi n o t o: 998 12/2001
Ni o t o: i h B h Kho , H Qu Gi TPHCM
Chuy n ng nh o t o: C Kh Ch T o M y
T n lun v n: C s l thuyt v kh n ng ng dng ng ngh t o mu
nhanh.
Th ng n m p bng:
* T n s:
Thi gi n o t o: 01/2007 11/2010
Ni o t o: i H L Ro helle, C ng H Php
Chuy n ng nh o t o: Gnie des Pro ds K thut qu trnh ng nghip.
T n lun n: Nghi n u nh hng s bin i u nguy n liu n kh
n ng h bin lo i h t d u; p dng trong qu trnh tr h ly d u v qu trnh
phn ng huyn i ester.
M trise de l ptitude te hnologique des ol gineux p r modifi tion
stru turelle; ppli tions ux opr tions dextr tion et de tr nsestrifi tion in-situ.
Th ng n m p bng (giy hng nhn):
* n :
Ph p v n M th nh th o: T t.
Anh v n M th nh th o:T t.
154
3. QU TR NH C NG TC CHU NM N
Th n N c n t c C n v c tr ch
1994 1996 Kho C kh n ng nghip kho C ng ngh - hc C n b tp s ging
C n Th d y
1996 1998 Kho C ng Ngh - hc C n Th Ging vi n
10/1998 Kho C ng Ngh - i h C n Th Ging vi n
12/2001 H Th s huy n ng nh Ch T o M y t i trng
H B ch ho H Qu gi TPHCM.
01/2002 Kho C ng Ngh - i h C n Th Ging vi n
06/2006
07/2006 Phng th nghim qun l k thut ng n ng nghip Th tp sinh v C ng
12/2006 LMTAI (Laboratoire Matrise des Technologies ngh sy vi s ng v
Agro-Industrielles), Trng hc L Rochelle, ng ngh sy h n
C ng H Ph p khng,
01/2007 Phng th nghim LEPTIAB (Laboratoire dtude Nghi n u sinh Tin
09/2009 des Phnomnes de Transfert et de lInstantanit : s.
Agro-industrie hc L Rochelle et Btiment), Nghi n u vi n
Trng C ng H Ph p. (Allocataire de
Recherche)
10/2009 Phng th nghim LEPTIAB (Laboratoire dtude Nghi n u sinh Tin
11/2010 des Phnomnes de Transfert et de lInstantanit : s.
Agro-industrie et Btiment) Trng hc L Tr ging v nghi n
Rochelle C ng H Ph p. u vi n (Attach
Temporaire
dEnseignement et de
Recherche - ATER),
12/2010 - Kho C ng Ngh - hc C n Th . Ging Vi n
04/2011
05/2011-n Kho C ng Ngh - hc C n Th . Ging Vi n Ch nh
nay
4. QU TR NH NGHI N CU HOA HC
TT T n t n h n cu l nh vc n N t c p Tr ch
dn ho n C s n nh nh
th nh tr n th
tron
t
1 Nghi n u l h n h th ng bo 2004 Chng trnh MHO5 6 Ch
qun l th h hp ng Bng S ng hp t gi i H C n nhim
Cu Long Th v H L n -
2004
2 T nh to n thit k h t o M y y 2000 Chng trnh MHO5 6 Tham gia
tay hp t gi i H C n
Th v H L n 995-
2000
3 Nghi n u p dng C ng ngh t o 2002 t i Th s
155
mu nh nh sn xut sn phm
nh
4 Nghi n u tnh hnh bo qun v h 2004 Chng trnh VLIR-E22 Tham gia
bin m t s n ng sn ph bin hp t gi i H C n
BSCL Th v B 3-2004
5 Nghi n u nh hng ng ngh 2005 t i p nh n m Tham gia
thu ho h l v m y p l n ht s : KC-07-15, 2001-2005
lng th g o vng BSCL

tng ngtc gi hoc ng tc gi)
N
T Nh u t n
Tn sch u t T c
T n t c
n
1 M trise de l ptitude te hnologique 2010 +
Universit
des olagineux par modification de La
structurelle; applications aux Rochelle,
opr tions dextr tion et de France
transestrification in-situ.
1. Bart De Ketelaere, Jo Stulens, Jeroen Lammertyn, N.V.Cuong, Josse De
Baerdemaeker. A methodological approach for the identification and qualification
of sources of biological variance in postharvest research. Postharvest Biology and
Technology Journal, Vol.39, page.1-9. 2006.
2. Cuong NGUYEN VAN, Colette BESOMBES, Karim ALLAF. La texturation par
DIC des milieux poreux. Identifi tion de limp t en termes de diffusivit
essibilit initi le et disponibilit dextr tion dhuile de olz et de J tropha.
er Colloque Intern tion l sur l M itrise de lEnergie et les Appli tions des
Energies Renouvelables, Du 20 au 22 mai 2009 Tozeur Tunisie.
3. Cuong NGUYEN VAN, Karim ALLAF. Jatropha oil as biodiesel.me sminaire
International Franco-MFU Lenergie des plantes : lenergie de dem in? ,
LUniversite M e F h Lu ng du 7 u 8 ot 9 Th l nde.
4. Cuong NGUYEN VAN. Impact of texturing by instant controlled pressure drop
(DIC) on solvent extraction of jatropha curcas oil. Journal of Science, Hue
University, 2011, Vol. 69, No. 6, page 11-23.
X c nhn
c tr n hc C n Th Cn Th, ngy .. thng .. n m 2012
Ngi k kh i k t n
TS. N uyn V n C n
156
Bn T n s thut qu tr nh c TS N uyn V n C n
157
L LCH HOA HC
L LCH S L C
H v t n: O N VN HNG THIN Gi i t nh: Nam
Ng y th ng n m sinh: 29-02-1980
Ni sinh: Bn Tre
Qu qu n: Sn Ph Ging Tr m Bn Tre
D n t : Kinh Tn gio: khng
h li n l : Nh so le Khu I i h C n Th
in tho i li n h: 0944.551.337 E-mail: dvhthien@ ctu.edu.vn
Ch v: Ph Trng B m n C ng ngh H h
Ng h vi n h : Ging vi n Thm ni n ging d y: 9 n m
Trnh huy n m n o nht: Tin s C ng ngh H h
QU TR NH O TO
* :
H o t o: Ch nh qui Ni o t o: i h Bch Khoa TP. HCM
Ng nh h huy n m n: Cng Ngh H H N m t t nghip: 2003
*T s:
Thi gi n o t o: 2007-2008
Ni o t o: Trng i h Kho h & K thut Qu gi i Lo n
Bng Th s huy n ng nh: C ng ngh H h
T n lun v n: t o h t n no hitos n bng phng ph p phun in ha
Thng, n m p bng: tuyn thng l n l m nghi n u sinh th ng
9/2008
* T n s:
Ni o t o: Trng i h Kho h & K thut Qu gi i Lo n
Chuy n ng nh o t o: C ng ngh H h
T n lun n: t o h t n no hitos n v si n no hitos n bng phng ph p qu y
in h ng dng h t v si n no hitos n
Th ng n m p bng: 6/2012
* n :
158
Ting Anh M th nh th o: H v vit lun n Tin s
Ting Hoa M th nh th o: Trung bnh
3.1 C c hot n chuy n n thc h n:
2003 - 2004 B m n C ng ngh H h Kho C ng Ging tp s
ngh i h C n Th
2004 - 2007 B m n C ng ngh H h Kho C ng Ging vi n Trng
ngh i h C n Th phng TN Qu trnh thit
b ng ngh h h
2007 - 2008 B m n C ng ngh H h Trng i H th s
h Kho h & K thut Qu gi i
Loan
2009 - 2012 B m n C ng ngh H h Trng i Nghi n u sinh
h Kho h & K thut Qu gi i
Loan
2012 - nay B m n CNHH Trng i h C n Th Ph trng B m n
CNHH
3. Ph n n lun v n thc s lun n t n s :

4.1 C c t n h n cu ho hc thc h n:
N u t Tc n
TT Tn sch Nh u t n
n t c
4.3 C c c n tr nh n h n cu ho hc c n (lit k cng trnh theo th t :

1. M. H. Ho, C. C. Hsieh, S. W. Hsiao, and Doan Van Hong Thien, Fabrication of
asymmetric chitosan GTR membranes for the treatment of periodontal disease.
Carbohydrate Polymers. 79(4): p. 955-963, 2010
2. S. W. Hsiao, Doan Van Hong Thien, M. H. Ho, H. J. Hsieh, C. H. Li, C. H. Hung,
and H. H. Li, Interactions between chitosan and cells measured by AFM.
Biomedical Materials. 5(5), 2010.
3. Doan Van Hong Thien, Sheng Wen Hsiao, and Ming Hua Ho, Synthesis of
electrosprayed chitosan nanoparticles for drug sustained release. Nano Life. 2(1):
p. 1250003, 2012.
159
4. Doan Van Hong Thien, S. W. Hsiao, M. H. Ho, C. H. Li, and J. L. Shih,
Electrospun chitosan/hydroxyapatite nanofibers for bone tissue engineering.
Journal of Materials Science. p. 1-6, 2012.
5. Doan Van Hong Thien, Sheng-Wen Hsiao, and Ming-Hua Ho. Removal Copper
(II) Ions in Aqueous Solution Using Electrosprayed Chitosan Nanoparticles.
Journal Advance Science Letters (accepted)
X c nhn
c tr n hc C n Th Cn Th, ngy 30 thng 9 n m 2012
Ngi k kh i k t n
TS. o n V n Hn Th n
160
Bn T n s C n n h H hc c TS o n V n Hn Th n
161
B GIO DC V O TO CNG HA X HI CH NGHA VIT
NAM
L LCH HOA HC
I. L LCH S L C
H v t n: HUNH LI N HNG Gi i t nh: N

Ng y th ng n m sinh: 26/04/1983 Ni sinh: TP C n Th C n Th
Qu qu n: C n Th D n t : Hoa Tn gio: Khng

Ch ri ng ho h li n l : 9 7C n 0- ph n H n L qun
N nh u TP C n Th
in tho i li n h: 0710-3840470 E-mail:hlhuong@ctu.edu.vn
00886-981338672
Ch v: C n n dy n v ng t : B n C n N h
H Hc ho C n N h
Ng h vi n h :15.111 Th m ni n ging d y: 5 n
Trnh huy n m n o nht: T n s
II. U T T O
1. hc
H o t o: Chnh Quy Ni o t o: Hc C n Th
Ng nh h huy n m n: C n n h h hc N m t t nghip: 2007
Bng i h : khng N m t t nghip: khng
2. Thc s :
Thi gi n o t o: 2007-2008 Ni o t o: Tr n Hc Qu c
Gia ho Hc v
Thut Lo n
Chuy n ng nh o t o: C n n h h hc
T n lun v n
Th ng n m p bng: chuyn t p l n t n s
162
3. T n s
Thi gi n o t o: 2008 2011 Ni o t o: Tr n Hc Qu c G
ho Hc v Thut Lo n
Chuy n ng nh o t o:C n n h h hc
T n lun n: B od esel t n th s nh hc
4. Ngo n
1. Ting Anh M th nh th o: Lu lo t
. Ting Ho M th nh th o: S p
III. QU TR NH C NG TC CHU NM N
1. C c hot n chuy n n thc h n: ch c
H n dn lun v n thc s lun n t n s : khng
-T nh vi n t i th hin thi gi n th hin ( bo v th nh ng n m n o?)
IV. QU TR NH NGHI N CU HOA HC
1. C c t n h n cu ho hc thc h n: ch c
2. S ch v o tr nh u t n (lit k theo cc di y, nh du (+) vo

Huynh LH, NS Kasim and YH Ju*, 2011. Biodiesel Production from Waste Oils, in: A.
Pandey (Ed), Biofuels: Alternative Feedstocks and Conversion Processes. Elsevier,
Amsterdam, 375-396 (ISBN: 978-0-12-385099-7).
3. C c c n tr nh n h n cu ho hc c n (lit k cng trnh theo th

t : Tn tc gi; Tn bi bo; Tn Tp ch v s ca tp ch; trang ng bi
bo; N m ut bn, nh ut bn ca Tp ch)
1. Fabian CB, LH Huynh and YH Ju*, 2010. Precipitation of Rice Bran Protein Using
Carrageenan and Alginate, LWT-Food Sci & Technol, 43, 375-379 (1.887, 24/107 Food
Sci & Technol).
2. Huynh LH, NS Kasim and YH Ju*, 2010. Extraction and Analysis of Neutral Lipids from
Activated Sludge with and without Subcritical Water Pre-treatment, Biores. Technol 101,
8891-8896 (4.365, 9/78 Energy & Fuel).
3. Ju YH, LH Huynh, NS Kasim, TJ Guo, WR Hou and A E Fazary*, 2011, Fractionation of

Sugarcane Bagasse during Alkaline and Subcritical Water Treatment, Carbohyd Polym
83, 591599 (3.167, 5/64 Chem, Appl).
4. Huynh LH, QD Do, NS Kasim and YH Ju*, 2011. Isolation and Analysis of Wax Esters
from Activated Sludge. Biores. Technol. 102, 95189523. (4.365, 9/78 Energy & Fuel).
5. Kasim NS, LH Huynh and YH Ju*, 2011 Purification and Identification of Endogenous
and Exogenous Minor Constituents from Vegetable Oils, Separ Purif Rev. 41, 62-96.
163
6. Ju YH, LH Huynh, S Gunawan, YT Chern and NS Kasim*, 2012 Irresolvable Complex
Mixture of Hydrocarbons in Soybean Oil Deodorizer Distillate, J Separ Sci. 35, 327-333
(2.631, 23/73 Chemistry, Analytical).
7. Yuliana, M., LH Huynh, QP Ho, CT Truong, YH Ju, 2012. Deffated Cashew Nut Shell
Starch as Renewable Polymeric Material: Isolation and Characterization, Carbohyd
Polym 87, 2576-2581 (3.167, 5/64 Chem, Appl).
8. Tsigie, YA, CY Wang, NS Kasim, QD Do, LH Huynh, QP Ho, CT Truong, YH Ju, 2012.
Oil production from Yarrowia lipolytica Po1g using rice bran hydrolysate, J. Biomed and
Biotechnol. 2012, 1-10.
9. Huynh, LH; Ju, YH. Biodiesel Production from Activated Sludge, National Meeting of
the Taiwan Institute of Chemical Engineers, November 27-28, 2009, Taichung, Taiwan.
10. Huynh, LH; Ju, YH. Sub-critical Water Assisted Biodiesel Production from Activated
Sludge, 101st AOCS Annual Meeting & Expo, May 16-19,2010, Phoenix, Arizona, USA.
11. Huynh, L.H.; Ju, Y.H. Wax Esters from Activated Sludge, World Conference on Oilseed
Processing, Fat & Oils Processing, Biofuels & Applications, June 21-23, 2011, Izmir,
Turkey.
12. Angkawijaya, AE, E, Hernowo, LH Huynh, AE Fazary, YH Ju. Combination of Glycine
and Antioxidants as Potential Chelator for Iron (III) Intoxication Therapy, 103rd AOCS
Annual Meeting & Expo, April 29-May 2, 2012, Long Beach, California, USA.
13. Huynh, LH, Ismadji S, YH Ju. Production of Biodiesel from Wet Activated Sludge,
National Seminar in Chemical Engineering, June 21, 2012, Veteran, East Jawa,
Indonesia. (ISSN 1978-0427).
14. Huynh, LH, YH Ju. Catalyst-Free Biodiesel Production from Wet Activated Sludge, Asia
Pacific Clean Energy- Project Poster Presentation, August 13-15, 2012, Honolulu,
Hawaii, USA (accepted).
X c nhn
c tr n hc C n Th C n Th, ngy 02 thng 10 n m 2012
(Ngi k kh i k t n v ghi r h t n)
Hunh Li n Hng
164
Bng tin s C ng ngh H h tin s Hunh Li n Hng
165
L LCH HOA HC
L LCH S L C
H v t n: NGU N VN MI Gi i t nh: N m
Ng y th ng n m sinh: 10/7/1960
Ni sinh: T n Bnh Phng Hip Hu Gi ng
Qu qu n: T n Bnh Phng Hip Hu Gi ng
D n t : Kinh Tn gio: Khng
h li n l : 33C Mu Th n Q. Ninh Kiu TP. C n Th
in tho i li n h: 0913185179 E-mail: nvmuoi@ ctu.edu.vn
Ch v:
n v ng t : Kho N ng nghip & sinh h ng dng H C n Th.
Ng h vi n h : Ph gi o s GVC Th n ni n ging d y: 28 n m
Trnh huy n m n o nht: Tin s C ng ngh th phm.
QU TR NH O TO
* :
H o t o: Ch nh qui Ni o t o: i h C n Th
Ng nh h huy n m n: Bo qun & h bin NS N m t t nghip: 1982
*T s:
Thi gi n o t o:
Ni o t o:
Bng Th s huy n ng nh:
T n lun v n:
Thng, n m p bng:
* T n s:
Thi gi n o t o: 1988-1993
Ni o t o: Vin H n l m Qu gi v CNSH ng dng Mos ow CHLB Ng
Chuy n ng nh o t o: C ng ngh th phm
T n lun n: Th nh ph n v t nh ht h phm protein u n nh v vi s
dng hng trong sn xut b n th nh phm th t d ng ng l nh
* n :
166
Ting Ng M th nh th o: tng ng D
Ting Anh M th nh th o: tng ng B
1982 1988 i h C n Th C n b ging d y
1988 1993 i h Mos ow CHLB Ng Nghi n u sinh
1993 1995 i h C n Th Ging vi n
4/1995 i h C n Th Ph Trng Kho GVC
9/1995
1995 1996 ih C n Th Q. Trng Kho GVC
1996 2007 ih C n Th Trng B m n GVC
2007 nay ih C n Th Ph gi o s
3.2 H n dn lun v n thc s lun n t n s :

1. Th Tuyt Nhung. Ph n lp gi ng nm m hin din tr n m s nh sau
thu ho h. Nghi n u bin ph p kim so t hng trong thi gi n bo qun
Th hin: 3- 5 (bo v th nh ng n m 5).
2. L m Th Vit H . Nghi n u yu t nh hng n qu trnh l n men bp
i mu i hu . Th hin: 3- 5 (bo v th nh ng n m 5).
3. o n Th Kiu Ti n. Nghi n u yu t nh hng n h t ng
n v kh n ng bo qun kh s rn. Th hin: - 6 (bo v th nh
ng n m 6).
4. V n Qu Th nh Thy. Quy trnh l n men l ti bo qun h nh t m. Th
hin: - 6 (bo v th nh ng n m 6).
5. Tr n Th T Tr . Kho s t tnh hnh s dng hlorine tr n nguy n liu tr
t i x nghip h bin thy sn v xut h x l th h hp. Th hin:
2004- 6 (bo vth nh ng n m 7).
6. Nguyn V n Ngh. nh hng PME hu b sung n u tr
khm trong qu trnh tin x l nhit. Th hin: 7- 9 (bo v th nh ng
n m 9).
7. Th o n Kh nh. Nghi n u kh n ng h bin p ste t m t nguy n liu
t m th phm. Th hin: 8- (bo v th nh ng n m ).
8. L Th Ng Hiu. Nghi n u kh n ng sinh enzyme pe tin methylester se t
9. Aspergillus niger tr n m t s ht kh nh u. Th hin: 8- (bo v
thnh cng n m ).
10. Tr n V n Nghi. Nghi n u nh hng nng ph gi phosph te v iu
kin x l n ht lng n to n th phm fillet tr l nh ng. Th
hin: 8- (bo v th nh ng n m ).
11. Tr n Ho ng . Kho s t s th y i m u v u tr fillet m n ng tr
khi l nh ng v xut h ng x l Th hin: 8- (bo v th nh ng
n m ).
167
12. Vng Bo Ng . Kh n ng t h lo i ht bo t th t vn tr - ng dng
trong h bin sn phm d nh nh tng l nh ng n lin Th hin: 8-
(bo v th nh ng n m ).
13. Dng Th nh L n. Ph n lp v tuyn h n m t s hng nm m
Aspergillus niger kh n ng sinh pe tin methylester se ho t t nh o t v
qu h nh bi. Th hin: 2008- (bo v th nh ng n m ).
14. Nguyn Th Kiu Linh. Ph n lp v tuyn h n m t s hng nm m
qu m v h nh. Th hin: 8- (bo v th nh ng n m ).
15. L Vng Hi Nguyt. Ph n lp v tuyn h n m t s hng nm m
qu t o v sung. Th hin: 2008- (bo v th nh ng n m ).
16. Nguyn Tn t. Nghi n u kh n ng tinh s h s b pe tin methyl ester se
t Aspergilus niger. Th hin: 9- (bo v th nh ng n m ).
17. Chung Th Th nh Phng. Ch bin h l n to n gi u dinh dng v s
th y i ht lng trong qu trnh tr ng. Th hin: 9- (bo v
th nh ng n m ).
18. V Th Ki n Ho. nh hng ht v phng th l n men n hiu qu
sinh pectin methylester se t Aspergillus niger. Th hin: 9- (bo v
th nh ng n m 2010).
19. C o B h Tuyn. Ho n h nh quy trnh l n men vi khun l ti t d leo v i
thin u tr sn phm bng h phm enzyme pe tin methylester se. Th
hin: - (bo v th nh ng n m ).
20. T Th Tr Linh. nh hng iu kin l n men n hiu qu sinh tng hp
pe tinmethylester se t Aspergillus niger s dng m t s ph phm n ng
nghip. Th hin: 2010- (bo v th nh ng n m ).
21. Nguyn Th T Hng. M t s yu t h nh nh hng n qu trnh tr h ly
pectin methylester se (PME) t nm m Aspergillus niger Th hin: -
(bo v th nh ng n m ).
22. Nguyn Hng . S dng th t d tr trong h bin sn phm
ngun g surimi Th hin: - (bo v th nh ng n m ).
23. Hunh V n Nguy n. B sung th t u t m trong h bin x x h t t m th t
vn Th hin: - (bo v th nh ng n m ).
24. m Th Kim Yn. X nh s th y i t nh ht h l m h n &
cc phng ph p bo qun s u thu ho h kh m t i huyn T n Ph t nh
Tin Gi ng. Th hin: - (bo v th nh ng n m ).
25. Nguyn Tn Hng. Nghi n u h bin n p d hu bo qun l nh Th
hin: 2010- (bo v th nh ng n m ).
TT T n t n h n cu l nh vc N t c p Tr ch nh
n dn ho n (C s b th
th nh ng nh trng) tron t
1 Phng ph p mu i trng khng 1998 Trng Ch nhim
168
tro
2 S dng m ng b o Chitos n v 2004 B Ch nhim
Zein trong bo qun tr i y v
trng
3 Nghi n u kh n ng h bin 2005 Trng Ch nhim
tra
4 X y dng quy tnh n ng o ht 2008 B Ch nhim
lng kh s rn v bin
php ko d i thi gi n bo qun
sn phm
5 Nghi n u kh n ng bo qun 2009 T nh Tham gia
h t sen ti nhit thp
6 nh gi hiu qu sinh pe tin 2009 Trng Tham gia
methylester se t Aspergillus
niger iu kin l n men kh
nhau
7 Xc nh m i trng l n men t i 2010 Trng Tham gia
u ho qu trnh sinh tng hp
pe tin methylester se t
Aspergillus niger s dng
ht b t o t v v m s nh
8 Ch bin tr i y nhit i 2008 HTQT (B ) Ch nhim
(1998-2008) CTU-VLIR
9 M t s gii ph p i thin ho t 2011 Trng Tham gia
tnh enzyme pectin
methylester se (EC 3. . . ) t
Aspergillus niger (M s T -
07)
10 C yu t nh hng n t nh 2011 Trng Tham gia
ht PME t Aspergillus niger
(M s : TNCS -05)
11 Nghi n u kh n ng sinh pectin 2011 B Tham gia
methylester se t m t s dng
Aspergillus niger ph n lp
v
tuyn h n (M s : B -16-
161)
N Tc n
TT Tn sch Nh u t n
u t n t c
1 C ng ngh h bin i h C n Th 2004 +
th t
2 Ch bin v tn tr i h C n Th 2006 +
l nh th phm
169
3 C ng ngh h bin Gi o d 2006 +
th t v sn phm
th t
4 C ng ngh h bin Gi o d 2007 +
l nh th phm
5 Gi o trnh th tp: ih C n Th 2009 +
K thut th phm
6 Gi o trnh th tp ih C n Th 2009 +
o h : C qu
trnh
nhit thp trong
h bin th phm
1. N uyn V n M 999 Nghi n u h bin trng mu i bng phng ph p
kh ng tro. Tuyn
2. tp ng trnh nghi n u kho h i h C n Th tr ng 8-23.
3. Nguyen Van Muoi, Dang Thi Thao Nguyen, 2003. Apply gel properties of protein
in processing fish ball from abundant raw material in Mekong delta: pangas catfish
(Pangasius hypophthalamus), Proceedings in 8th Asean Food conference,
October 8-11, 2003, Hanoi, Vietn m 96-103 pp.
4. Nguyen Van Muoi, Phan Thi Anh Dao, 2003. The examination of weight loss and
the change in attributes of orange on cold-preserved, Proceedings in 8th Asean
Food conference, October 8- 3 H noi Vietn m 45-61 pp.
5. Nguyn V n M Ph n Th Anh o 3. Kho s t s tn tht kh i lng v
s th y i gi tr m qu n m s nh trong bo qun l nh T p h kho h
i h C n Th tr ng 35 -357.
6. N uyn V n M Ch u Tr n Dim i Nguyn Nht Minh Phng Ph n Th
Anh o L m Th Vit H 5. nh hng nhit n thi gi n bo qun
v ht lng m s nh. Chung trnh VLIR-IUC CTU- n R. C y n tr i.
H i tho qu gi C y mi xo i v kh m NXB N ng nghip tr ng 35-
140.
Anh o L m Th Vit H 5. nh hng lo i b o b n ht lng
cam snh trong qu trnh tn tr. Chung trnh VLIR-IUC CTU- n R. C y
n tr i. H i tho qu gi C y mi xo i v kh m NXB N ng nghip tr ng
141-148.
Anh o L m Th Vit H 5. Kho s t kh n ng s dng b o b LDPE l
trong qu trnh tn tr m. Chung trnh VLIR-IUC CTU- n R. C y n
tr i. H i tho qu gi C y mi xo i v kh m NXB N ng nghip tr ng
149-155.
9. N uyn V n M Th Tuyt Nhung L m V n Mnh 5. Ph n lp s b
nm m hin din m s nh s u thu ho h v bin ph p kim so t hng trong
170
bo qun. Chung trnh VLIR-IUC CTU- n R. C y n tr i. H i tho qu
gi C y mi xo i v kh m NXB N ng nghip tr ng 56-161.
10. N uyn V n M v Tr n Th nh Tr 6. C yu t nh hng trong h
bin fillet Tr (Pangasius Hypophthalmus) x ng kh i T p h Kho h
Trng i h C n Th 5: 5: .
11. L m Th Vit H N uyn V n M 6. Nghi n u yu t nh hng
n qu trnh l n men bp i mu i hu T p h Kho h Trng i h C n
Th 5: 3: 3 .
12. N uyn V n M Nguyn Nht Minh Phng Ch u Tr n Dim i Ph n Th
Anh o L m Th Vit H 6. Kho s t d ng b o b l th h hp trong
qu trnh tn tr m s nh T p h Kho h Trng i h C n Th 5:
141:148.
13. Nguyn Nht Minh Phng L m Th Vit H V Xu n Minh ng L Nguyn
Bnh, NguynV n M 6. nh hng nhit v b o b n ht lng
v thi gi n bo qun xo i t H L T p h Kho h Trng i h C n
Th 6: 9: 7.
14. V n Qu Th nh Thy Tr n Th nh Tr N uyn V n M 6. nh hng
nng mu i v nhit l n men n ht lng h nh t m mu i hu . T p
h Kho h Trng i h C n Th 6: 8: 3.
15. Tr n Th nh Tr Dng Th Thy O nh L Nguyn Bnh N uyn V n M ,
6. ng h s th y i u tr kh m iu kin tin x l kh nh u.
T p h Kho h Trng i h C n Th 6: 8: 3.
16. Tr n Th nh Tr L Th Ng Hiu v N uyn V n M 8. nh hng
vi b sung tr tip mu i C Cl n s th y i u tr kh m h
x l nhit kh nh u. Chng trnh VLIR-IUC CTU- n R. C y n tr i.
H i ngh kho h C y n tr i qu n tr ng ng bng s ng Cu Long 3rd
Mini-symposium on Valuable Fruit Trees, March 11st 8 NXB N ng nghip
trang 293-299.
17. Tr n Th nh Tr L Th Ng Hiu v N uyn V n M 8. ng h s
thay i u tr kh m h x l nhit kh nh u. Chng trnh VLIR-
IUC CTU- n R. C y n tr i. H i ngh kho h C y n tr i qu n tr ng
ng bng s ng Cu Long 3rd Minisymposium on Valuable Fruit Trees, March
st 8 NXB N ng nghip tr ng 300-308.
18. Tr n Th nh Tr L Nguyn Bnh v N uyn V n M 8. V i tr PME
n i t i v t ng C Cl n s th y i u tr kh m. Chng trnh VLIR-
IUC CTU- n R. C y n tr i. H i ngh kho h C y n tr i qu n tr ng
ng bng s ng Cu Long 3rd Mini-symposium on Valuable Fruit Trees, March
st 8 NXB N ng nghip tr ng 3 9-319.
19. Tran Thanh Truc, Ly Nguyen Binh, Nguyen Van Muoi, 2008. Physico-chemical
properties of pineapple at different maturity levels. The 1st Conference Food
Science and Technology Mekong delta, March 20-22, 2008, Vietnam.
20. Tran Thanh Truc, Le Kim Thanh, Nguyen Van Muoi, 2008. Effect of pH and
temperature on the activity of bromelain in pineapple fruit. The 1st Conference
Food Science and Technology Mekong delta, March 20-22, 2008, Vietnam.
21. Tran Thanh Truc, Nguyen Van Muoi, 2008. Pectinmethylesterase catalyzed
firming effects on low temperature blanched pineapples. Poster presentation at
171
th World Congress of Food Science and Technology, October 19 - 23, 2008,
Shanghai, China (Proceedings pp. 202).
22. N uyn V n M v Tr n Th nh Tr 8. nh hng vi b sung
th nh ph n ht t n n ho t ng n trong kh s rn
((Trichogaster Pectoralis Regan). T p h Kho h Trng i h C n Th 0:
151:160.
23. N uyn V n M Th h R h T n v Tr n Th nh Tr 9. M t s t nh
ht trng tr i qu h v kh n ng h bin n qu h l n men. T p h
Kho h Trng i h C n Th b: 97: .
24. Tr n Th nh Tr Th o n Kh nh v N uyn V n M 9. nh hng
s th y i kh i lng n t nh ht vt l trng kh s rn. T p
h Kho h Trng i h C n Th b: 93:3 .
25. Tr n Th nh Tr Th o n Kh nh v N uyn V n M 9. nh hng
vi b sung sorbitol v eth nol n s th y i w v ht lng kh s
rn. T p h Kho h Trng i h C n Th b: 3 7:3 6.
26. N uyn V n M Tr nh t T n v Tr n Th nh Tr 9. S th y i t nh
ht h l h t sen theo tui thu ho h. T p h Kho h Trng i h
C n Th b: 3 7:33 .
27. Tran Thanh Truc, Nguyen Van Muoi, 2009. Study on sausage production from
Catfish Meat W ste. Pro eedings in th Ase n Food Conferen e O tober -
3 9 Brunei 3 347.
28. Tran Thanh Truc, Le Thi Ngoc Hieu, Nguyen Van Thanh and Nguyen Van Muoi,
2009. Effect of different fermentation medium to Aspergillus niger
pectinmethylesterase production. Pro eedings in th Ase n Food Conferen e
October 21- 3 9 Brunei 53 457.
29. Tran Thanh Truc, Nguyen Van Muoi, 2009. Effect of pH and temperature on the
activity of bromel in in pine pple fruit. Pro eedings in th Ase n Food
Conference, October 21-23, 9 Brunei 58-463.
30. Tran Thanh Truc, Nguyen Van Muoi, 2009. Osmotic dehydration of pineapples in
sucrose solution. Proceedings in th Ase n Food Conferen e O tober -23,
9 Brunei 6 -466.
31. Nguyen Van Muoi, Le Vu Lan Phuong, Tran Thanh Truc, 2009. Influence of
tomato PME pretreatments on thermal texture degradation kinetics of pineapple.
Pro eedings in th Ase n Food Conference, October 21- 3 9 Brunei 7 -
725.
32. Tran Thanh Truc, Nguyen Van Muoi, 2009. Vitamin C degradation kinetics of
pineapple juice at different treatment conditions during thermal processing.
Pro eedings in th Ase n Food Conference, October 21- 3 9 Brunei 7 6-
729.
33. Nguyen Van Muoi, Vo Thi Kien Hao, Nguyen Van Thanh, Tran Thanh Truc,
2010. Effect of substrate characteristics to pectinesterase (EC 3.1.1.11)
biosynthesis in solid state fermentation and submerged fermentation. Proceedings
of Food Innovation Asia Conference 2010: Indigenous Food Research and
Development to Global Market, June 17-18, BITEC,Bangkok, THAILAND, 371-
379.
172
34. Tran Thanh Truc, Nguyen Van Muoi, 2010. Determination fermentation
conditions for pectin esterase biosynthesis in SSF by A.niger. Proceedings of Food
Innovation Asia Conference 2010: Indigenous Food Research and Development to
Global Market, June 17-18., BITEC, Bangkok, THAILAND, 390-396.
35. Tran Thanh Truc, Nguyen Van Muoi, 2010. Optimal of medium fermentation for
pectin esterase biosynthesis in SSF by A.niger. Proceedings of Food Innovation
Asia Conference 2010: Indigenous Food Research and Development to Global
Market, June 17-18, BITEC, Bangkok, THAILAND, 397-404.
36. Tran Thanh Truc, Nguyen Van Muoi, 2010. Effect of phosphates and treatment
conditions to quality and safety of frozen fillet Tra (Pangasius hypophthalmus).
Proceedings of Food Innovation Asia Conference 2010: Indigenous Food Research
and Development to Global Market, June 17-18, BITEC, Bangkok, THAILAND,
604-612.
37. Nguyen Van Muoi and Tran Thanh Truc, 2010. Effect of hurdle technology to
extend preservation time of dried snakeskin fish (Trichogaster pectoralis Regan).
Proceedings of Food Innovation Asia Conference 2010: Indigenous Food Research
and Development to Global Market, June 17-18, BITEC, Bangkok, THAILAND ,
650-659.
38. Tran Thanh Truc, Duong Do Thanh Lan, Nguyen Thi Kieu Linh, Nguyen Van
Thanh and Nguyen Van Muoi (2010). Isolation and screening A.niger strains
producing pectin esterase from kinds of orange and pomelo in Mekong river delta,
Vietnam. Proceedings of Food Innovation Asia Conference 2010: Indigenous
Food Research and Development to Global Market, June 17-18, 948-954.
39. Nguyn V n M T Minh Trung L V L n Phng Tr n Th nh Tr .
nh hng h n hu v nng N Cl n qu trnh tr h ly pe tin
methylester se t hu (Solanum lycopersicon L.). T p h Kho h Trng
i h C n Th 5 : 3: 5 .
40. Nguyn V n M Nguyn Tn t Nguyn Ng Hunh Tr n Vng T
Trinh v Tr n Th nh Tr . M t s yu t nh hng n ho t t nh pe tin
methylester se t Aspergillus niger. K yu h i ngh kho h : Ph t trin n ng
nghip bn vng th h ng v i s bin i kh hu 6 ph n II NXB
N ng Nghip tr ng 9 -101.
41. Tr n Th nh Tr L Th Ng Hiu v N uyn V n M . nh hng
iu kin m i trng n kh n ng sinh enzyme pe tin methylester se t
Aspergillus niger tr n ht b to (Ziziphus nummularia). K yu h i ngh kho
h : Ph t trin n ng nghip bn vng th h ng v i s bin i kh hu
6 ph n II NXB N ng Nghip tr ng -107.
42. N uyn V n M Tr n Th nh Tr v Tr n V n Nghi . nh hng
nng phosph te v v thi gi n x l n ht lng fillet tr (Pangasius
hypophthalmus) ng l nh. K yu h i ngh kho h : Ph t trin n ng nghip bn
vng th h ng v i s bin i kh hu 6 ph n II NXB N ng Nghip
trang 108-117.
43. Tr n Th nh Tr v N uyn V n M . V i tr tin x l h ht n
kh n ng i thin u tr v m u s h t sen tr ng (Nelumbo nucifera). K
yu h i ngh kho h : Ph t trin n ng nghip bn vng th h ng v i s bin i
kh hu 6 ph n II NXB N ng Nghip, trang 118-128.
173
44. N uyn V n M v Tr n Th nh Tr . T ng phng ph p tin x
l n s th y i m u s v ng h t sen (Nelumbo nucifera). K yu h i
ngh kho h : Ph t trin n ng nghip bn vng th h ng v i s bin i kh hu
26/11 ph n II NXB N ng Nghip tr ng 9-136.
45. N uyn V n M v Tr n Th nh Tr . nh hng tui thu ho h
n s th y i u tr v m u s h t sen l m l nh v l nh ng. K yu h i
ngh kho h : Ph t trin n ng nghip bn vng th h ng v i s bin i kh hu
6 ph n II NXB N ng Nghip tr ng 37-147.
46. Tran Thanh Truc, Le Vuong Hai Nguyet and Nguyen Van Muoi, 2011. Isolation
& screening of Aspergillus niger strains for biosynthesis of pectin methylesterase
from peels of some apples and fig (Ficus racemosa). Journal of Sience and
Technology, Vietnam, 49A: 453-458.
47. Nguyen Van Muoi and Tran Thanh Truc, 2011. Texture improvement of frozen
pineapple fruits by Aspergillus niger pectin methylesterase. Journal of Sience and
Technology, Vietnam, 49A: 459-465.
48. Tran Thanh Truc and Nguyen Van Muoi, 2011. To investigated the feasibility of
using agro waste as potential substrate for pectin methylesterase production by
Aspergillus niger. Journal of Sience and Technology, Vietnam, 49A: 489-495.
49. N uyn V n M Tr n Th nh Tr Ph n Tun Anh v m Th Kim Yn
. ng h s th y i t nh u tr kh m (trng huyn Tn Ph
t nh Tin Gi ng) theo m h n & iu kin tin x l trong h bin nhit T p
h Kho h Trng i h C n Th 20b: 21:30.
50. N uyn V n M Tr n Th nh Tr . Th tr ng h bin d i t i l ng
ngh T n L (Bnh Tn Vnh Long). T p h Kho h Trng i h C n
Th : 93: .
X c nhn
c tr n hc C n Th Cn Th, ngy . thng . n m 2012
Ngi k kh i k t n
TS. N uyn V n M
174
Bn T n s C n n h thc ph c T n s N uyn V n M
175
L LCH HOA HC
L LCH S L C
H v t n: TRNG B T I Gi i t nh: N m
Ng y th ng n m sinh: 975
Ni sinh: Tin Gi ng
Qu qu n: Tin Gi ng
h li n l :
in tho i li n h: E-mail: tbtai@ ctu.edu.vn
Ch v: n v ng t : Kho C ng ngh H C n Th.
Ng h vi n h : Ging vi n Th n ni n ging d y: 0 n m
Trnh huy n m n o nht: Tin s K thut h h .
QU TR NH O TO
* :
H o t o: Ch nh qui Ni o t o: HBK TP.HCM
Ng nh h huy n m n: C ng ngh H h N m t t nghip: 998
*T s:
Thi gi n o t o: 2005-2007
Ni o t o: Gyeongsang National University, H n Qu
Bng Th s huy n ng nh: h h
* T n s:
Ni o t o: KU Leuven Vng Qu B
Chuy n ng nh o t o: h h
T n lun n: Th ng n m p bng: 7/2012
* n :
176
1998 - 1999 Nghi n u vi n C ng ty o su y t Vit Nghi n u vi n
nam
1999 - 2002 B m n h h i h C ng nghip Ging vi n
TPHCM
2002 - 2005 B m n CNHH Kho CN HCT Ging vi n
2005 - 2007 i h Gyeongs ng H n Qu Sinh vi n th s
2008 - 2012 i h KU Leuven B Nghi n u sinh
2012 nay i h KU Leuven B S u tin s

n dn ho n (C s b th

N Tc n
TT Tn sch Nh u t n
u t n t c

1. Tai Ba Truong. Understanding ionion interactions in bulk and aqueous

interfaces using molecular simulations. Faraday discussions. 2013, in press, DOI:
10.1039/C2FD20093G (IF: 5.00)
2. Truong Ba Tai and Minh Tho Nguyen. Three-dimensional aromatic B6Li8

complex as a high capacity hydrogen storage material. Chem. Commun. 2012,
Accepted (IF: 6.169)
177
3. Liem. X. Dang, Xiuquan Sun, Bojana Ginovska-Pangovska, Harsha V. R.
Annapureddy and
4. Pham Vu Nhat, Truong Ba Tai and Minh Tho Nguyen. Theoretical Studies of
AunV-Co, n = 1-14: The dopant Vanadium enhances CO adsorption on gold
clusters. J. Chem. Phys. 2012, DOI: 10.1063/1.4761892 (IF: 3.333)
5. Vu Thi Thu Huong, Truong Ba Tai and Minh Tho Nguyen. The -Conjugated P-
flowers C16(PH)8 and C16(PF)8 Are Potential Materials for Organic n-Type
Semiconductors. Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 2012, DOI: 10.1039/C2CP42474F (IF:
3.573)
6. Nguyen Minh Tam, Truong Ba Tai and Minh Tho Nguyen. Thermochemical
Parameters and Growth Mechanism of the Boron-Doped Silicon Clusters, SinBq
with n = 110 and q = 1, 0, +1. J. Phys. Chem. C. 2012, 116, 20086 (IF: 4.805)
7. Truong Ba Tai, Nguyen Minh Tam, and Minh Tho Nguyen. The Boron
conundrum: the case of cationic clusters Bn+ with n= 220. Theor. Chem. Acc.
2012, 131, 1241 (IF: 2.162)
8. Truong Ba Tai, Arnout Ceulemans, and Minh Tho Nguyen. Disk-Aromaticity of
the Planar and Fluxional Anionic Boron Clusters B202-/-. Chem. Eur. J. 2012, 18,
4510 (IF: 5.925)
9. Liem Dang, Ba Tai Truong, and Bojana Bojana Ginovska-Pangovska. Interionic
Potentials of Mean Force for Ca2+- Cl- in Polarizable Water. J. Chem. Phys. 2012.
136, 126101 (IF: 3.333)
178
10. Truong Ba Tai and Minh Tho Nguyen. Electronic Structure and Thermochemical
Properties of Silicon doped Lithium Clusters LinSi0/+ with n = 1 -8: New Insights
on Their Stability. J. Comput. Chem. 2012, 33, 800 (IF: 4.583)
11. Truong Ba Tai, Nguyen Minh Tam, and Minh Tho Nguyen. Structure of Boron
Clusters Revisited, Bn with n = 14 -20. Chem. Phys. Lett. 2012, 530, 71 (IF: 2.215)
12. Pham Vu Nhat, Vu Thi Ngan, Truong Ba Tai and Minh Tho Nguyen. Reply to
Comment on Electronic Structure, Vibrational and Thermochemical Properties of
Neutral and Charged Niobium Clusters Nbn, n=7-12. J. Phys. Chem. A. 2011,
115, 14127 (IF: 2.946)
13. Truong Ba Tai P we K dub n ski Sz zep n Rosz k Dev shis M jumd r
Jerzy Leszczynski and Minh Tho Nguyen. Electronic Structures and
Thermochemical Properties of the Small Silicon-Doped Boron Clusters BnSi
(n=17) and Their Anions. Chem. Phys. Chem. 2011, 12, 2948 (IF: 3.412)
14. Truong Ba Tai, Nguyen Minh Tam and Minh Tho Nguyen. Evolution of
Structures and Stabilities of Zinc-Doped Tin Clusters SnnZn, n = 112. Three-
dimensional Aromaticity of the Magic Clusters Sn10Zn and Sn12Zn. Chem. Phys.
2011,388, 1 (IF: 1.896)
15. Truong Ba Tai, Minh Tho Nguyen and David. A. Dixon. Electronic Structure
and Thermochemical Properties of Small Neutral and Cationic Lithium Clusters
and Boron-Doped Lithium Clusters: Lin0/+ and LinB0/+ (n = 1 8). J. Phys. Chem
A. 2011, 115, 7673 (IF: 2.946)
179
16. Truong Ba Tai and Minh Tho Nguyen. Enhanced Stability by Three-dimensional
Aromaticity of Endohedrally Doped-Clusters X10M0/-, X = Ge, Sn, Pb, and M =
Cu, Ag, Au. J. Phys. Chem. A. 2011, 115, 9993 (IF: 2.946)
17. Pham Vu Nhat, Vu Thi Ngan, Truong Ba Tai and Minh Tho Nguyen. Electronic
Structure, Vibrational and Thermochemical Properties of Neutral and Charged
Niobium Clusters Nbn, n=7-12. J. Phys. Chem. A. 2011, 115, 3523 (IF: 2.946)
18. Truong Ba Tai and Minh Tho Nguyen. A Stochastic Search for the Structures of
Small Germanium Clusters and Their Anions Genx with n = 2 12. Enhanced
Stability by Spherical Aromaticity of the Ge10x and Ge122- Systems. J. Chem.
Theory. Comput. 2011, 7, 1119 (IF: 5.215)
19. Truong Ba Tai, Nguyen Thi Minh Hue and Minh Tho Nguyen. The group 14
cationic clusters by encapsulation of coinage metals X10M+, with X = Ge, Sn, Pb
and M = Au, Ag, Cu: Enhance stability of 40 valence electron systems. Chem.
Phys. Lett. 2011, 502, 187 (IF: 2.215)
20. Truong Ba Tai, Pham Vu Nhat and Minh Tho Nguyen. Structure and stability of
aluminum doped lithium clusters: a case of phenomenological shell model. Phys.
Chem. Chem. Phys. 2010, 12, 11477 (IF: 3.573)
21. 10. Truong Ba Tai and Minh Tho Nguyen. Thermochemical properties,
electronic structure and bonding of mixed lithium boron clusters (BnLi, n = 1 -8)
and their anions. Chem. Phys.2010, 375, 35 (IF: 1.896)
22. Truong Ba Tai and Minh Tho Nguyen. The High Aromatic and Stable Clusters
Li5B, Li6B+/- and Li7B: A Case of the Phenomenological Shell Model. Chem. Phys.
Lett. 2010, 489, 75 (IF: 2.215)
180
23. Truong Ba Tai and Minh Tho Nguyen. Lithium can be doped at the center of
germanium cages: The stable icosahedral Ge12Li- and derivatives. Chem. Phys.
Lett. 2010, 492, 290 (IF: 2.215)
24. Truong Ba Tai, Daniel J. Grant, Minh Tho Nguyen, and David A. Dixon.
Thermochemistry and Electronic Structure of Small Boron Clusters (Bn, n = 5
13) and Their Anions. J. Phys. Chem. A. 2010, 114, 994 (IF: 2.946)
25. Truong Ba Tai, Minh Tho Nguyen, and David A. Dixon. Thermochemical
Properties and Electronic Structure of Boron Oxides BnOm (n = 5-10, m = 1-2)
and Their Anions. J. Phys.Chem. A. 2010, 114, 2893 (IF: 2.946)
26. Ngo Tan Cuong, Truong Ba Tai, Vu Thi Thu Ha and Minh Tho Nguyen.
Thermochemical parameters of caffeine, theophylline, and xanthine. J. Chem.
Thermo. 2010, 42, 437
27. Sang Hun Jang, Truong Ba Tai, Ji Hee Park, Hee J. Jeong, Eun J Chun, Yun-Hi
Kim, Sang Gyeong Lee, Okram M Singh, Yong Jin Yun, Soon Ki Kwon.
Synthesis and characterization of high conjugated cyclopenta[def]phenanthrene
based polymers. Macromolecular research. 2010, 18, 185
28. Truong Ba Tai and Minh Tho Nguyen. Structure and electron delocalization of
the boron oxide cluster B3(BO)3 and its anion and dianion. Chem. Phys. Lett. 2009.
483, 35 -42 (IF: 2.215)
29. Sang Hun Jang, Truong Ba Tai, Min Kyu Kim, Jeong Woo Han, Yun-Hi Kim,
Sung Chul Shin, Yong Jin Yoon, Soon Ki Kwon and Sang-Gyeong Lee. Synthesis
and Physical Properties of Decylbithiophene End-Capped Oligomers Based on
181
Naphthalene, Anthracene and Benzo[1,2-b:4,5-b]dithiophene. Bull. Korean
Chem. Soc. 2009, 30, 618
30. Jeong Hyung Jae, Yoon Un Young, Jang Sang Hun, Yoo Un-Aeh, Kim Su Nam,
Truong Ba Tai; Shin Sung Chul, Yoon Yong-Jin, Singh Okram Mukherjee and
Lee Sang-Gyeong. A New Zn/TiCl4/LiAlH4 Mediated Approach to 2-Aryl- or 2-
Alkyl-Substituted Benzothiophenes via Intramolecular Cyclization. Synlett. 2007,
9, 1407
Bo co h n h qu c t
1. International Symposium on Small Particles and Inorganic Clusters (ISSPIC-XVI),

on July 8-13, 2012 in Leuven, Belgium (POSTER)
2. The 2011 World Congress of The World Association of Theoretical and
Computational Chemists (WATOC), on July 17-22, 2011 in Santiago de
Compostela, Spain (POSTER)
3. The Scientific Research Community (WOG) Meeting on Aromaticity, 2011, Ghent
University, Belgium (Oral presentation for excellent young scientist)
X c nhn
Ngi k kh i k t n
TS. Tr n B T
182
L LCH HOA HC
1. L LCH S L C
H v t n: TRNG CH TH NH, Gi i t nh: N m
Ng y th ng n m sinh: 01/01/1963, Ni sinh: C n Th
Qu qu n: Th nh Tr - S Tr ng, D n t : Ho , Tn gio: khng
Ch ri ng ho h li n l : B m n C ng ngh ho h Khoa Cng
ngh - i h C n Th khu ng 3 Qun Ninh kiu Th nh
ph C n Th
in tho i li n h: 987 8 7 8 , E-mail: tcthanh@ctu.edu.vn
Ch v: Trng b m n, n v ng t : B m n C ng ngh ho h Khoa
C ng ngh - i h C n Th
Ng h vi n h : Ging vi n h nh Th m ni n ging d y: t n m 98
QU TR NH O TO
* :
H o t o: h nh qui Ni o t o: Trng i h C n Th
Ng nh h huy n m n: C kh N ng nghip N m t t nghip: 98
*T s:
Thi gi n o t o: 998-2000 Ni o t o: Trng i h Leuven B
Chuy n ng nh o t o: C ng ngh vt liu polymer v composite
T n lun v n: nh hng x l h h i v i t nh omposite
gi ng bng si l nh
Th ng n m p bng:
* T n s:
Thi gi n o t o: - 2005 Ni o t o: Trng i h Leuven B
Chuy n ng nh o t o: C ng ngh vt liu polymer v omposite
T n lun n: C t nh v h h ng omposite gi ng bng non-crimp
fabrics
Th ng n m p bng: 5
* n :
Anh v n M th nh th o: s dng th nh th o
183
QU TR NH C NG TC CHUYN MN
3.1 C c hot n chuy n n thc h n
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1. Lu Th Kiu O nh Tng hp m b i trn sinh h t m tr b s
2010.
2. ng Th nh Phng Kho s t th nh ph n h h o ete d uh
m t lo i r u m l sen .
3. Nguyn Minh Hin Kho s t th nh ph n h h th n y x
A hyr nthes Asper L. h r u Dn (Am r nth e e) thu t i Tr Vinh .
4. Tr n nh Lun G p ph n nghi n u th nh ph n h h y x
A hyr nthes Asper L. h r u Dn (Am r nth e e) .
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184
1. Truong, T.C., M. Vettori, S. Lomov, and I. Verpoest, Carbon composites
based on multi-axial multi-ply stitched preforms. Part 4. Mechanical
properties of composites and damage observation. Composites Part A:
Applied Science and Manufacturing, 2005. 36(9): p. 1207-1221.
2. T.C. Truong, D.S. Ivanov, D.V. Klimshin, S.V. Lomov, I. Verpoest,
Carbon composites based on multiaxial multiply stitched preforms. Part 7:
Mechanical properties and damage observations in composites with
sheared reinforcement. Composites Part A, Received Date: 1 March 2007,
Revised Date: 30 April 2008, Accepted Date: 1 May 2008
3. Lomov, S.V., E.B. Belov, T. Bischoff, S.B. Ghosh, T.C. Truong, and I.
Verpoest, Carbon Composites Based on Multi-Axial Multi-Ply Stitched
Preforms. Part 1: Geometry of the Preform. Composite A, 2002. 33: p.
1171-1183.
4. Lomov, S.V., T.C. Truong, I. Verpoest, T. Peeters, D. Roose, P. Boisse,
and A. Gasser, Mathematical Modelling of Internal Geometry and
Deformability of Woven Preforms. International journal of forming
process, 2003. Material Forming I: p. 413-442.
5. Van de Weyenberg, I., T.C. Truong, B. Vangrimde, and I. Verpoest,
Improving the properties of UD flax fibre reinforced composites by
applying an alkaline fibre treatment. Composite A, 37 (9) (2006) , 1368 -
1376.
6. S.V. Lomov, D.S. Ivanov, T.C. Truong, I. Verpoest, F. Baudry, K. Vanden
Bosche and H. Xie, Experimental methodology of study of damage
initiation and development in textile composites in uniaxial tensile test,
Department of Metallurgy and Materials Engineering, Katholieke
Universiteit Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg, 44, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium.
Composites Science and Technology, Received 27 April 2007; revised 4
July 2007; accepted 5 July 2007. Available online 20 July 2007.
7. Yeshitila Asteraye Tsigie, Chun-Yuan Wanga, Chi-Thanh Truong, Yi-Hsu
Ju Lipid production from Yarrowia lipolytica Po1g grown in sugarcane
bagasse hydrolysate, Bioresource Technology 102 (2011) 92169222.
8. Truong, T.C., S.V. Lomov, and I. Verpoest. The Mechanical Properties of
Multi-Axial Multi-Ply Carbon Fabric Reinforced Epoxy Composites. in
Proceedings of the ECCM 10. 2002. Brugge-Belgium
9. Truong, T.C., S.V. Lomov, and I. Verpoest. The mechanical properties of
non-crimp carbon stitched fabric composites. in Proceedings of the 24th
International SAMPE Europe conference. 2003. Paris - France. p. 545-
552.
10. Truong, T.C., M. Vettori, S.V. Lomov, and I. Verpoest. Multi-axial multi-
ply carbon fabric reinforced Epoxy composites: mechanical properties and
investigation of initial damage. in Proceedings of ICCM 14. 2003. San
Diego - Ca - US. CD edition.
185
11. Truong, T.C., M. Vettori, D. Ranz, L.S. V., and I. Verpoest. New results
on mechanical properties and initial damage of multi-axial multi-ply
carbon fabric reinforced epoxy composites. in Proceedings of The 11th
European conference on composite materials. 2004. Rhodes - Greece. CD
edition.
12. Truong, T.C., M. Vettori, D. Ranz, S. V. Lomov, and I. Verpoest.
Mechanical Properties and Initial Damage in Carbon Non-Crimp Fabric
Reinforced Epoxy Composites in Proceedings of Texcomp 7. 2004.
Yamagata-Japan. p.181-184.
13. Truong, T.C., C.J. Ho, S.V. Lomov, and I. Verpoest. Sheared biaxial
multi-ply carbon fabrics reinforced epoxy composites: the mechanical
properties and damage initiation. in Proceedings of the 26th International
SAMPE Europe conference. 2005. Paris - France. CD edition.
14. Ignaas Verpoest, Thanh Truong Chi, Aart Van Vuure, Chuong Bui,
Eduardo Trujillo, European-Asian collaboration on natural fibre
composites, 1st ICCTS October 2010 Singapore.
15. Truong Chi Thanh, The effects of chemical treatment on the mechanical
properties of composite reinforced by coconut fibres, in Proceeding of the
10th Vietnam Japan Joint Seminar, Kyoto, 2011.
16. Dmitry S. Ivanov, Stepan V. Lomov, Thanh Truong Chi, Dmitry
Klimshin, Ignaas Verpoest1, Meso scale analysis of damage and stiffness
degradation in non-crimp fabric composites, in Proceeding of the 13th
European Conference on Composite Materials (ECCM-13) June 2-5, 2008
at KTH, Stockholm, Sweden, paper ID number 2217.
X c nhn
c tr n hc C n Th Cn Th, ngy ... thng n m 2012
Ngi k kh i k t n
TS. Tr n Ch Th nh
186
Bn T n s thut c TS Tr n Ch Th nh
187
L LCH HOA HC
I. L LCH S L C
H v t n: BI TH BU HU
Gi i t nh: N
Ni sinh: C Mau
Qu qu n: C Mau
D n t : Kinh
Tn gio: Khng
Ch ri ng ho h li n l : L 6 ng B3 Khu d n 9 B Ninh Kiu, C n
Th
in tho i li n h: 0919 72 82 52
E-mail: btbhue@ctu.edu.vn
Ch v: Trng Kho
n v ng t : Kho Kho H T Nhi n
Ng h vi n h : Ph Gi o s
Th m ni n ging d y: 20 n m
Trnh huy n m n o nht: Ph Gi o s Tin s
U T T O
1. hc
H o t o: Chnh quy Ni o t o: Trng i H C n
Th
Ng nh h huy n m n: S ph m H H N m t t nghip: 1985
Bng i h : N m t t nghip:
2. Thc s
Thi gi n o t o: n m ( 997-1999) Ni o t o: Amsterdam, H Lan
Chuy n ng nh o t o: H Hu
T n lun v n: Tng hp dn xut piper zine bng k thut tng hp ph rn
Th ng n m p bng: 09-1999
188
3. T n s
Thi gi n o t o: n m ( -2005) Ni o t o: Amsterdam, H Lan
Chuyn ngnh o t o: Tng hp Hu
T n lun n: Studies towards the total synthesis of Solanoeclepin A
4.Ngo n
1. Ting Anh M th nh th o: s dng th nh th o
C c hot n chuy n n thc h n
1990/1996 C n b ging d y Kho H Sinh i
h C n Th
1996/1997 C n b ging d y Kho Kho H
i h C n Th
1997/1999 Du h sinh H M ster t i H L n
1999/2001 C n b ging d y Kho Kho H

i h C n Th
2001/2005 Du h sinh H Tin s t i H L n
2005/nay C n b ging d y Kho Kho H T

Nhi n i h C n
Th
H n dn lun v n thc s lun n t n s

h ng dn th nh ng 5 lun v n Th s huy n ng nh H Hu .
1. C c t n h n cu ho hc thc h n
TT T n t n h n cu l nh vc N t c p Tr ch
n dn ho n C s nh
th nh n nh tr n th
tron
t
1 Nghi n u tng hp m t s dn 2008 Cp B Ch
xut ure bng phng ph p h tr nhim
vi sng t i
2 iu h d u diesel sinh h t d u 2008 Cp Trng Ch
m qu s dng nhim
189
t i
3 Nghi n u tn dng ngun m 2009 Trung t m h tr Ch
tr b s tng hp d u nhn NC Chu , nhim
sinh h v ht ho t ng b mt HQG H N i t i
sinh h p kinh ph
4 Nghi n u tng hp ht ho t ng 2010 Cp B Ch
b mt sinh h t m tr b s nhim
t i

N
T Tc n
Tn sch Nh u t n u t
T t c
n
1 Gi o trnh H i ng ih C n 1999 +
Th
2 Gi o trnh C h phn ng ih C n 2010 +
Hu Th
3. C c c n tr nh n h n cu ho hc c n
1. Bui. T. B. Hue; Jan Dijkink, Jan H. van Maarseveen and Henk Hiemstra;
Synthesis of the Cyclobutanone Core of Solanoeclepin A via Intramolecular
Allene butenolide photocycloaddition; Organic Biomolecular Chemistry; 2003; 1;
4364-4366
2. B. T. Buu Hue; Jan Dijkink, Sanne Kuiper, Sjoerd van Schaik; Jan H. van
Maarseveen and Henk Hiemstra; Synthesis of the Tricyclic Core of Solanoeclepin
A through Intramolecular [2+2] photocycloaddition of an Allene Butenolide;
European, a Journal of Organic Chemistry; 2006; 127-137; Willy-VCH Verlag
GmbH & Co. KgaA, Weinheim.
3. B.T.B. Hue; Studies towards the Synthesis of the Right-Hand Side of
Solanoeclepin A; Oral presentation; Heterocycle Chemistry Conference, Colorado,
2004.
4. B.T.B. Hue; Studies towards the Synthesis of the Right-Hand Side of
Solanoeclepin A; Oral presentation; Ichia, Ytali, 2005.
190
5. Ginger Lutteke; B.T.Buu Hue; Henk Hiemstra; Formation of bicyclic Pyrroles and
furans through an Enone Allene photocycloaddition and fragmentation sequence;
European, a Journal of Organic Chemistry; 2007. DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.200701017.
6. Bi Th Bu Hu , Nguyn Th Kiu O nh, Nghi n u tng hp diesel sinh h t
m tr b s ; Tp ch Khoa Hc Trng i hc Cn Th, 2008-10,1-5.
7. Bi Th Bu Hu Nguyn Th M m Hunh Ng Li n, Nghi n u tng hp
m t s dn xut ure bng phng ph p h tr vi s ng; Tp ch Khoa Hc Trng
i hc Cn Th, 13, 20 (2010).
8. Bi Th Bu Hu Ng Th Ng H n Nghi n u tng hp ht b i trn sinh h
(biolubri ting gre ses) t m tr b s ;; Tp ch Khoa Hc Trng i hc
Cn Th (2009).
9. Bui Thi Buu Hue, Studies on the synthesis of biolubricating oils and greases from
catfish fat and waste cooking oils; Tp ch Khoa hc Cng ngh, 47, 148, (2009),
Vin KH&CNVN..
10. Bi Th Bu Hu Lu Th Kiu O nh Tr n Th nh Tho Bin i u tr m
tr b s v d u n qu s dng ng dng trong tng hp m b i trn sinh
h Tp ch Khoa Hc Trng i h C n Th, 15a, 29 (2010).
11. Bi Th Bu Hu H Th nh M Phng Tng hp Alk nol mit v Alk nedi mit
t Olei Axit T p h H H B 75 (2010), Vin KH&CN VN.
12. Bui Thi Buu Hue, ng Thi Th nh Thi Tran Thanh Thao, Studies on the synthesis
of biolubricating oils from catfish fat, Tp ch Ha Hc, 4B, 81 (2010), Vin
KH&CN VN.
13. Bi Th Bu Hu Nguyn Trng Vit Th Nguyn V Duy Tng hp ht ho t
ng b mt tion t m B s Tp ch Khoa Hc Trng i h C n Th
16a, 1 (2010).
14. Bui Thi Buu Hue, Nguyen Van Dat, Toshihiro Hirotsu and Shinichi Goto,
Oxidation stability of Coconut based biodiesel, Journal of Applied Chemistry, Viet
Nam, ISSN 0866-7004, 4 (8), 2011.
15. Bi Th Bu Hu H Th Kim Quy Tr n Th nh Tun Nguyn Vit Nhn H
Synthesis of biolubricating greases from pork and beef fats, Journal of Applied
Chemistry, Viet Nam, ISSN 0866-7004, 3 (7), 2011.
191
16. Bui Thi Buu Hue, Ha Thi Kim Quy, Structural modification of catfish fat based
triglycerides: Synthesis of biolubricating oils, Journal of Applied Chemistry, Viet
Nam, 6 (10), 2011.
17. Bui Thi Buu Hue, Ha Thanh My Phuong, Synthesis of catfish-based
alkanolamides and alkanediamides, Journal of Science, Cantho University, 2011.
18. Ginger Lutteke, Roel A. Kleinnijenhuis, Ivo Jacobs, Pauli J. Wrigstedt, Ana C. A.
Correia, Rowan Nieuwenhuizen, B. T. Buu Hue, Kees Goubitz, Ren Peschar, Jan
H. van Maarseveen and Henk Hiemstra, Intramolecular Butenolide Allene
Photocycloadditions and Ensuing Retro-Ene Reactions of Some Photoadducts,
Eur. J. Org. Chem. 2011, 31463155 (2011 Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH 3146 &
Co. KGaA, Weinheim).
19. Bui Thi Buu Hue, Pham Thi Thanh Nga, Synthesis of catfish fat based anionic
surfactant: sodium amidopropoxyacetate, Journal of Science, Cantho University,
2011: 20b, 267-271.
20. Bui Thi Buu Hue, Nguyen Van Dat, Toshihiro Hirotsu and Shinichi Goto,
Oxidation stability of Jatropha-Coconut biodiesel blends, Journal of Applied
Chemistry, Viet Nam, ISSN 0866-7004, 2 (12), 2012.
21. Bi Th Bu Hu Ch u NGuyn Tr m Y n Tng hp dn xut -Oxo-4H-
quinolizine-2- rbox mide B i b o o t i H i tho H D to n qu
Nng .
X c nhn
c tr n hc C n Th C n Th ngy 19 thng 11 n m 2012
Ngi kh i
Bi Th Bu Hu
192
B GIO DC V O TO CNG HA X HI CH NGHA VIT
NAM
L LCH HOA HC
I. L LCH S L C
H v t n: L THANH PHC Gi i t nh: N m
Ng y th ng n m sinh: 5-05-1963 Ni sinh: Bnh kh nh Bnh sn Qung ngi
Qu qu n: T n thun Ch u th nh Hu gi ng D n t : Kinh Tn gio:
khng
Ch ri ng ho h li n l : E Khu I i h C n th
in tho i li n h: 84.71.831530.8266 E-mail: ltphuoc@ctu.edu.vn
Chc v: Khng
n v c n t c: B n H ho ho Hc Tr n Hc C n Th
Ng h vi n h : 15.110 Th m ni n ging d y: 7 n m
II. U T T
1. hc
H o t o: Chnh qui
Ni o t o: Trng i h C n Th
Ng nh h huy n m n: Ho h
N o t o: Trng i h C n th Vit N m N m t t nghip: 1985
2. Thc s
Thi gi n o t o: 1996-1999 Ni o t o: Trng i h Amsterdam,
H lan.
Chuy n ng nh o t o: H h
T n lun v n: Synthesis of potenti l inhibitors of pro ryoti methyltr nsfer ses
Tng hp cc cht c ch nhiu trin vng i vi enzyme methyltransferases
Th ng n m p bng: 1999
3. T n s
Thi gi n o t o: 2000-2003 Ni o t o: Trng i h Qu gi
Australia, Australia (c).
193
Chuy n ng nh o t o: H h
T n lun n: P rti l Synthesis of -Hydroxyl ted Gibberellins
(Tng hp b n ph n hp ht -hydroxyl Gibberellin)
4. Ngo n
1. Anh v n M th nh th o: Lu lo t
2. M th nh th o:

Th n N c n t c C n v c nh
1985-1986 Khoa Ha Sinh, Trng i h C n C n b ging d y
Th
1886-1989 i b i Qu n khu IX Gio vin
1989-1996 Khoa Ha Sinh, C n b ging d y
Trng i h C n Th
1996-1999 H hng trnh Th s t i i h Du h sinh
Amsterdam, H Lan
2000-2003 H chng trnh Tin s t i Trng i Nghi n u sinh
h Qu gi
2004-n n y Kho Kho h T nhi n C n b ging d y
Trng i h C n Th
H n dn lun v n thc s lun n t n s :

2.1 HNG DN LUN VN TT NGHIP I HC 005-2011)
T nn T nn T n t Th
T h n dn c h n dn gian
T hon
thnh
01 L Th nh Ph Nguyn Th Ho Y n Chuyn qung dolomite th nh 2005
d ng mu i d t n dng ho
phn bn
02 L Th nh Ph ng Th Tuyt M i Nghi n u kim so t s ht 2005
n v s t n r vi n
nang phn bn
03 L Th nh Ph Dng Th B h Tuyn Nghi n u sn xut tinh b t 2005
bin t nh
04 L Th nh Ph Th h Th C ng nh t nh th nh ph n tr i 2005
m p ng bng phng ph p
s k l p m ng
05 L Thanh Ph Nguyn Th nh Nghip Nghi n u sn xut 2006
194
Magnesium Stearate cho cng
nghip d
06 L Th nh Ph L Th M Nh n Nghi n u sn xut Zeolite A 2006
dng x l n trong nu i
trng thy sn
07 L Th nh Ph Bi V Th nh Phng Nghi n u h t o h t gel 2006
L Ho ng Vit hitos n li n kt ng ng k h
th nh
08 L Th nh Ph L Th Kim Ng Tng hp nh tng d u trong 2006
n bn h d u kho ng
v i ht ho t ng b mt
anion v khng ion
09 L Th nh Ph Phan Phc Qu Nghi n u iu h 2006
Ph n Th Duy m gnesium sulf te t dolomite
10 L Th nh Ph Nguyn Th Ng Tng hp nh tng d u trong 2007
Ph n h d u kho ng v i
ht ho t ng b mt
kh ng ion v ng dng
11 L Th nh Ph L ng Minh H nh tng v i ht ho t 2007
ng b mt phospholipid
12 L Th nh Ph Dng Ng Ch u Ly tr h v huyn h dn 2007
xut ur umin
13 L Th nh Ph Nguyn Th Hng Nghi n u v kim so t s 2007
Hng t n r vi n n ng ph n b n
14 L Th nh Ph Mai Bch Thoa T i u h iu kin tng 2007
Ph n Th Duy hp terpin hydr te t tinh d u
thng
15 L Th nh Ph H Gi Qu iu h h nh tng n nh 2008
v i ht ho t ng b mt
cation
16 L Th nh Ph Nguyn Cnh To n iu h nh tng d t n 2008
trong n v ng dng
17 L Th nh Ph L Hng Nhi Kho s t yu t nh hng 2008
n s hnh th nh v bn
nh tng d u trong
n h d u kho ng v i
ht ho t ng b mt
kh ng ion khi th m ho t ht
t nh km ph n v ng
dng
18 L Th nh Ph Tr n Th Thu V n iu h nh tng d u trong 2008
n h d u kho ng v i
ht ho t ng b mt kh ng
ion ho t ht t nh ph n
v m t s ng dng
195
19 L Th nh Ph Nguyn Ho ng Th nh iu h v ng dng nh 2008
Cung tng d u trong n h
d u kho ng ht ho t ng b
mt kh ng ion v i ht kh ng
ph n
20 L Th nh Ph B u nghi n u nu i y 2008
Nguyn Th Phi L Th Thy Linh
o n Th Phng Tho vi sinh vt v ly tr h enzyme
Oanh huyn h lipid
21 L Th nh Ph Nguyn Ho ng Th nh Tng hp biodiesel bin tnh 2008
Loan bi phc hp ester ether
methyl ca acid bo
22 L Th nh Ph Tng hp biodiesel bin tnh 2008
L Th T Y n bi phc hp ester acetate v
ester methyl lm ph gia
23 L Th nh Ph Nghin cu sn xut phn 2008
Tr n Qu c Tun nhm v i ha cht cng
nghip trong phng th nghim
24 L Th nh Ph L Ng Chm Tng hp ph gi x ng - d u 2009
25 L Th nh Ph B u nu i y ph n lp 2009
Ng Thanh C o Th Trng Gi ng vi sinh vt t t nhi n v
Phong ly trch enzyme Lipase
26 L Th nh Ph Nghi n u th nh ph n h 2009
Tr n Th Tr Linh
h r y C u
Nguyn Th Nhu n
h r y Mm
28 L Th nh Ph B u ng dng Enzyme 2009
Ng Thanh L Ch n T m Lip se th hin huyn
Phong ha lipid
29 L Th nh Ph Nguyn Th Th nh T m Nghi n u th nh ph n h 2009
h h tC u
T Tun Anh h trong cao Petroleum ether
r y mm
31 L Th nh Ph Nghi n u th nh ph n 2010
B ch Thanh Tn
lk loid trong y d n
32 L Th nh Ph Nghi n u th nh ph n o 2010
Tr n Qu c Nh
ethyl et te trong y d n
33 L Th nh Ph Nghi n u th nh ph n kh ng 2010
Tr n T Anh
ph n trong y d n
34 L Th nh Ph Cao Minh Tr Nghi n u th nh ph n h 2010
h kh ng ph n ( o PE)
r u
35 L Th nh Ph L V n Th i Tng hp Zeolite A t Kaolin 2010
36 L Th nh Ph X nh th nh ph n h h 2010
L Tr n Vit Thi
v y Sung
196
37 L Th nh Ph X nh th nh ph n h h 2010
T Minh T hp ht t ph n t
r y B n hu
38 L Th nh Ph Nguyn nh Bo X nh th nh ph n kh i 2010
lng nh m hp ht
ph n kh nh u
trong h t C u
39 L Th nh Ph Tr n Th B L n X nh t nh kh ng oxi h 2010
vit min C v m t s o
eth nol th hit t th vt
bng phng ph p Ferri
Thiocyanate (FTC)
40 L Th nh Ph L V n Th i TNG HP ZEOLITE A T 2010
L Th Phng Tr m TRO TRU M s :
La Tr Quang TSV2009-05-24
L tr n Vit Thi
41 L Th nh Ph T n L Phng Du X nh th nh ph n h h 2010
v y tr m Melaleuca
leucadendra
42 L Th nh Ph Tr n Th Tr Mi X nh th nh ph n h h 2010
y Ch thi n
Elephantopus scarber L
43 L Th nh Ph Nguyn Qu Thng Ly tr h humi id t th n 2010
bn sn xut ph n b n
44 L Th nh Ph Nguyn Hu Th nh X nh th nh ph n h h 2010
h t u Areca catechu L.
45 L Th nh Ph Hunh Tho Vy Ly tr h Fu oid n t Rong n u 2010
Sargassum swartzii
Nghi n u t h hit id 2011
Humi t th n bn v kho s t
kh n ng t o ph v i
46 L Th nh Ph Phan Hong Du
nguy n t dinh dng i v i
y trng ng dng trong ph n
bn
Nghi n u h t o h t 2011
47 L Th nh Ph Nguyn Th Phng An
Chitos n k h th nh
48 G p ph n nghi n u th nh 2011
Nguyn Ng Huyn ph n h h o petroleum
L Th nh Ph
Nhung ether ly tr h t y Ch Thi n
gi
49 X nh th nh ph n h h 2011
L Th nh Ph Tr n Th Thy Tr ng v tr m (Melaleuca
cajuputi powell)
50 Kho s t th nh ph n ho h
L Th nh Ph Nguyn Th nh Huy
r y Mm (Avicennia
197
marina L.)
51 Kho s t phng ph p nh 2011
t nh nh nh v b n nh lng
L Th nh Ph L Ho ng Ch nh h m lng h n the nitr t
nitrit trong m t s sn phm
th phm
52 L Th nh Ph Nguyn Tng Vy Tm hiu th nh ph n h h 2012
r y b n hu
53 L Th nh Ph Thi Kim Chi Kho s t th nh ph n h h c 2012
trong v r y b n hu .
54 L Th nh Ph inh Th Thu Duy Tm hiu th nh ph n h h 2012
l y b n hu
55 L Th nh Ph L Tun Em iu h sodium sili te t 2012
soda v ct.
56 L Th nh Ph Tr n ng u Nghi n u h t o pigment 2012
m u trng tr n s hp
ht sili te
57 L Th nh Ph Th h Minh Th nh Tm hiu th nh ph n h h 2012
l y b n hu
58 L Th nh Ph Ngyn Th L n Anh Tm hiu th nh ph n h h 2012
v th n y b n hu
59 L Th nh Ph Nguyn Hu To n Tm hiu th nh ph n h h 2012
r y b n hu
2.2 HNG DN LUN VN TT NGHIP CAO HC(2005-2011)

T T nn T nn T n t Th
T h n dn c h n dn gian
hon
thnh
01 L Th nh Ph Trng Th Minh Hi Bin i vng ng xylose 2008
th nh dn xut trung gi n
qu n tr ng ho qu trnh tng
hp thu kh ng ung th v vi
rut HIV
02 L Th nh Ph Ph m V n Qu n iu h m t s ketone t 2010
ng xylose l m nguy n liu
tng hp thu thu h
nucleoside
03 L Th nh Ph Th nh Thy Nghi n u th nh ph n h 2010
h r C u (Areca catechu
L.)
04 L Th nh Ph Ph m Th Thy Tr ng Kho s t th nh ph n h h 2010
r Mm (Avicenia marina)
05 L Th nh Ph B nh Nguyn Anh H o Kho s t th nh ph n h h 2011
r C u (Areca catechu L.)
198
06 L Th nh Ph L m Thy Phng Kho s t th nh ph n h h 2012
v y Mm (Avi enni
marina)
07 L Th nh Ph L Hng Nhi Kho s t th nh ph n h h 2012
l Mm (Avi enni
marina)
08 L Th nh Ph T Minh T Kho s t th nh ph n h h 2012
r Mm (Avi enni
marina)

n dn ho n C s th
th nh n nh tron t
tr n
1 Nghi n u sn xut b t m u t 1985 t i t t Ch tr
t st Hu gi ng nghip i
h
2 Nghi n u ng dng kho ng st 1986 t i nghi n Tham gia
Hu gi ng u p T nh
3 Tng hp ht h nhiu 1996- t i t t Ch tr
trin v ng i v i enzyme 1999 nghip Th s
methyltransferases
4 Nghi n u Tng hp b n ph n 2000- t i Tin s Ch tr
hp ht -Hydroxyl 2003
Gibberellin
5 Ph i h h nh tng bn 2008 t i nghi n Ch tr
d u trong n h d u u p
kho ng v i b hp ht ho t ng Trng
b mt ph n kh nh u
6 2009 t i nghi n Ch tr
Tng hp cc hp cht khng u p B
virus thuc h nucleoside
PHN I: BO V CHN LC
CC NHM HYDROXY CA
D-XYLOSE
7 Tng hp zeolite t tro tru 2010 t i nghi n H ng dn
u sinh vi n
8 Ch t o h t gel k h th nh 2012 t i nghi n H ng dn
l m ht m ng thu u sinh vi n
199
N
T Tc n
Tn sch Nh u t n u t
T t c
n
1 H i ng A3 NXB HCT 2004 +
2 Phng ph p tng hp h NXB HCT 2010 +
nh tng bn v i ht
ho t ng b mt kh nh u
3. C c c n tr nh n h n cu ho hc c n (lit k cng trnh theo th

TT Tn bi bo N v n n n t c
1 Confirmation of structure and Tetrahedron, 64, Phuoc L. T., Mander L.
synthesis of three new 11beta- 4835-4851, N., Koshioka M.,
OH C20 gibberellins (2008). Oyama N., Nakayama
O. M. and Ito A.
2 Bin i vng ng xylose T p h Kho h Trng Th Minh Hi
th nh dn xut trung gian cho V 9, 220-226,
qu trnh tng hp thu tr ung 2008
th kh ng virus HIV i h C n Th
3 iu h m t s ketone t ng T p h Kho h Ph m V n Qu n
xylose l m nguy n liu tng hp V13, 44-49,
thu thu h nu leoside (2010)
ih C n Th
4 Kho s t th nh ph n h h T p h Kho h Ph m Th Thy Tr ng
r y Mm (Avicenia marina) V15b, 9-14,
(2010)
ih C n Th
5 Kho s t th nh ph n h h T p h Kho h Th nh Thy
trong o ethyl et te r C u V16a, 15-21,
(Areca catechu L.) (2010)
ih C n Th
6 X nh t nh h ng oxi h T p h Kho h Tr n Th B L n
vit min C v m t s o eth nol V17b, 232-239
th hit t th vt bng phng (2011)
php Ferric Thiocyanate (FTC)
ih C n Th
200
7 Kho s t kh n ng hp th T p h Kho h L Th B h
ion Cu2+ v Pb2+ th n bn U
Minh V19b, 48-55,
2011
ih C n Th
8 G p ph n kho s t th nh ph n T p h Kho h B nh Nguyn Anh H o
h h r C u (Areca V 19b, 80-84,
catechu) 2011
ih C n Th
9 G p ph n kho s t th nh ph n T p h Kho h T Minh T
h h r B n (Sonneratia V21a, 129-133,
Caseolaris L.) 2012
ih C n Th
10 Nghi n u th nh ph n h h T p h Kho h B nh Nguyn Anh H o
trong o ethyl et te r C u V21a, 134-138,
(Areca catechu) 2012
ih C n Th
11 Nghi n u h t o h t gel T p h Kho h Bi V Th nh Phng
hitos n li n kt ng ng k h V 23b, 60-68,
th nh 2012
ih C n Th
12 Tng hp zeolite A t k olin T p h Kho h L V n Th i
bng phng ph p thy nhit V 23b, 135-139,
2012
ih C n Th
X c nhn
C tr n hc C n Th Cn Th, ngy 18 thng 09 n m 2012
L Th nh Ph
201
nh
4x6
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I. L LCH S L C
H v t n: Nguyn Tr Tun Gi i t nh: Nam

Ng y th ng n m sinh: 27/07/1973 Ni sinh: C n th
Qu qu n: C n th D n t : Kinh Tn gio: Khng
Ch r n ho c ch l n lc: 83/06, n Qu n Trun Ph n Xun
h nh Qun N nh u TP C n Th
n tho l n h: 0943.888727, 0919.208262 E-mail: trituan@ctu.edu.vn
Ch v: n v ng t : B m n vt l Kho
Kho h t nhi n
Ng h vi n h : Ging vi n Th m ni n ging d y: n m
II. U T T
1. hc
H o t o: Chnh qui Ni o t o: Trng i h C n th
Ng nh h huy n m n: S ph m vt l N m t t nghip: 1996
Bng i h : N m t t nghip:
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Thi gi n o t o: 3 n m Ni o t o: Trng i h C n th
Chuy n ng nh o t o: Vt L K Thut
T n lun v n: Nghi n u v ng ngh h t o vt liu sili u tr n no
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x l h h kh .
Th ng n m p bng: 31/08/2004
202
3. T n s
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N i
Chuy n ng nh o t o: Kho h vt liu
T n lun n: Nghi n u tng hp v kho s t t nh ht qu ng n no tinh th b n dn
ZnS ph t p Cu2+ v Mn2+
Th ng n m p bng:
4. Ngo n
1. Anh v n M th nh th o: Kh
2. M th nh th o:
02/1997- 2004 Kho Kho H T Nhi n H C n GVTH Tr L H SH
Th
2004- n n y Kho Kho H T Nhi n H C n Ging vi n
Th
H n dn lun v n thc s lun n t n s :
-T nh vi n t i th hin thi gi n th hin ( bo v th nh ng n m n o?)
TT T n t n h n cu l nh vc n N ho n t c p Tr ch nh
dn th nh C s th tron
n nh tr n t
1
Nghi n u t nh ht qu ng v 2008 Cp trng Ch nhim
tng hp h t n no tinh th ti
ZnS:TM,RE
2
Nghi n u h t o v kho s t 2009 Cp b Ch nhim
t nh ht qu ng m ng m ng ti
oxit kim lo i h h t n no
tinh th ZnS:TM RE v ng
203
dng l m linh kin in hunh
quang
3 Tng hp thy nhit v nghi n 2011 Cp trng Ch nhim
u t nh ht qu ng cc h t
vi c u v nano hnh c u x p ZnS ti
4 Ch t o v kho s t t nh ht 2012 Cp b Tham gia
qu ng ZnO u tr hiu (NAFOSTED)
ph t p ng dng trong h t o
i- t ph t qu ng

N
T Tc n
Tn sch Nh u t n u t
T t c
n
3. C c c n tr nh n h n cu ho hc cng (lit k cng trnh theo th

STT Tn bi bo Ni v n m ng ng t gi
1 Blue and green light emission T p h kho h Ph m Th nh Huy
from silicon nanocrystals (Journal of science)- Nguyn Dng
embeded in silicon dioxide i H Qu Gi H Nguyn Chin
matrices N i T.XIX - No 4 N uyn Tr Tu n
(2003), P26-32
2 C h hnh th nh ng n no Tuyn tp b o o Ph m Th nh Huy
carbon v nano carbon hnh h i ngh vt l to n Dojin Kim Nguyn
u: nghi n u bng hin vi qu l n th VI vt Chin N uyn
in t truyn qu ph n gii l ht rn; Nh xut Tr Tu n
cao bn kho h k
thut H N i N m
2006
3 T nh ht qu ng n no sili Tuyn tp b o o Ph m Th nh Huy
h i ngh vt l to n Ph m Hng Dng
qu l n th VI vt N uyn Tr Tu n,
l ht rn; Nh xut Nguyn Chin
bn kho h k
thut H N i N m
2006
4 Investigation of structural and First International Vu Van Thu, Pham
optical properties of silicon workshop on Thanh Huy, Nguyen
204
nanostructure prepared by nanotechnology and Tri Tuan, Nguyen
Planetary ball milling and sol- Application (IWNA Duc Chien
gel methods 2007), Proceedings,
Organized by
Vietnam National
University-Ho Chi
Minh City
5 Tng hp v nghi n u t nh Tuyn tp b o o N uyn Tr Tu n,
ht qu ng h t n no h i ngh vt l ht Ph V n Lng
tinh th ZnS ng ph t p rn to n qu l n th Ph m Th nh Huy
Cu2+-Mn2+ bng phng ph p V Vng T u -N m Bi Quang Thanh,
h h ng kt t 7; H i Vt L Tr n Ng Khi m
Vit N m Tr n Tr ng An
Nguyn Tr ng Tu n
6 T nh ht qu ng hunh qu ng Tuyn tp b o o Ph V n Lng
n no tinh th ZnS:Cu h i ngh vt l ht N uyn Tr Tu n,
trong m ng thy tinh sili rn to n qu l n th Ph m Th nh Huy
V Vng T u -N m Tr n Ng Khi m
7; H i Vt L Tr n Tr ng An
Vit N m
7 The 5th Korea-
Single crystalline ZnS Vietnam International P. T. Huy, N. T.
nanowires and their structural
joint Symposium on Tuan, N. D. Chien,
transformation to ZnO
Advanced Materials and Dojin Kim
nanocrystalline wires by
oxidation Sokcho, Korea,
Novem ber 05 -08,
2008
8 nh hng nhit n
N uyn Tr Tu n,
u tr v t nh ht qu ng
Ph m Th nh Huy
n no tinh th ZnS ph t p K yu H i ngh
Ph m V n Tun
Mn quang h qu ng ph
Tr nh Xu n Anh
to n qu l n th 5 Nguyn Tr ng Tu n
Nha Trang, 09/2008 L Hng H Nguyn
Huyn Tng.
9 Hydrothermal synthesis and
study on luminescence K yu H i ngh Vt Nguyen Tri Tuan,
properties of ZnS l ht rn v Kho Pham Thanh Huy,
microspheres and h vt liu to n qu Nguyen u Trung
nanoparticles Kien, Pham Thanh
l n th 6 (SPMS-
Tam, Nguyen Van
2009) Nng 8-
Dat, Le Van Nhan,
10/11/2009. Nguyen Tri Tai,
Nguyen Huyen Tung
205
10 Nghi n u t nh ht qu ng
K yu H i ngh Vt N uyn Tr Tu n,
n no tinh th ZnS ph t p
l ht rn v Kho Nguyn Trung
Eu3+ tng hp bng phng
h vt liu to n qu Ki n Nguyn Tr T i
ph p ng kt t v thy
Nguyn Huyn Tng
nhit l n th 6 (SPMS-
Nguyn Th Th nh
2009) Nng 8-
Ng n Ph m Hng
10/11/2009. Dng Ph m Th nh
Huy
10 Nguyn Tr Tun
Tng hp h t n no tinh th T p h i H C n Hong i Nguyn
Th . Tr ng Tu n Nguyn
ZnS ph t p Ni2+ bng phng
Tr T i Nguyn Th
ph p ng kt t Phng Em ng
Long Qu n L V n
Nh n.
11
One-dimensional protuberant Materials Letters 64 V. Nam Do, N.T.
optically active ZnO structure (2010) 16501652. Tuan, D.Q. Trung,
fabricated by oxidizing ZnS (SCI) N.D.T. Kien, N.D.
nanowires Chien, P.T. Huy
12 Lumines en e properties of Nguyen Tri Tuan,
E-journal of surface
ZnS nanoparticles and porous Nguyen Duc Trung
science and
nanospheres synthesized via Kien, Pham Thanh
co-precipitationand Nanotechnology, Vol. Huy, Nguyen Huyen
hydrotherm l route 9 (2011) 521-525 Tung,
13 Photoluminescence Adv. Nat. Sci.: Tri Tuan Nguyen,
characteristics of as- Nanosci. Xuan Anh Trinh, Le
synthesized and annealed Nanotechnol. 2 Hung Nguyen
ZnS:Cu,Al nanocrystals (2011) 035008 (1-4) and Thanh Huy Pham
14 Hydrothermal synthesis and
study on properties of ZnS T p h i H C n N uyn Tr Tu n,
Nguyn V n t
micropheres and porous Th .
Nguyn Th Phng
nanospheres Em L V n Nh n
X c nhn
C tr n hc C n Th Cn Th, ngy 18 thng 09 n m 2012
N uyn Tr Tu n
206
L LCH HOA HC
L LCH S L C
H v t n: NGU N TH NH TI N Gi i t nh: N m
Ni sinh: M Li B C i B Tin Gi ng
Qu qu n: M Li B C i B Tin Gi ng
h li n l : 27/3B Mu ThnP. An HaQ. Ninh KiuTP C n Th
in tho i li n h: 0907.8510285 E-mail: nttien@ ctu.edu.vn
Ch v: Ph trng Kho
n v ng t : B m n Vt l Kho Kho h H C n Th.
Ng h vi n h : ging vi n Th n ni n ging d y: 15 n m
Trnh huy n m n o nht: Tin s.
QU TR NH O TO
* :
Ng nh h huy n m n: s ph m vt l N m t t nghip: 1997
Ng nh h : C o ng C ng ngh th ng tin N m t t nghip: 998
*T s:
Thi gi n o t o: 2000-2003
Ni o t o: Trng i h C n Th
Bng Th s huy n ng nh: vt l l thuyt v vt l to n
T n lun v n: Nghi n u nh hng u hnh nh m b mt l n t nh
vn huyn in t trong u tr ging lng t l m t vt liu gi km
hng s m ng kh ng kh p nh u
Thng, n m p bng: 08/2003

* T n s:
Thi gi n o t o: 2006-2011
Ni o t o: Vin vt l - Vin kho h v ng ngh Vit N m
Chuy n ng nh o t o: Vt l l thuyt v vt l ton (L thuyt lng t cc
cht rn)
207
Tn lun n: Vn chuyn in t trong cc cu trc d cht n cu t o t
cc vt liu wurzite
* n :
Ting Anh M th nh th o: t t
QU TR NH C NG TC CHUYN MN
1997 1999 Kho Kho h t nhi n i h C n C n b ging d y
Th
2000 2003 Kho Kho h t nhi n i h C n Ging vi n h oh
Th
2003 2006 Kho Kho h t nhi n i h C n Ging vi n Ph b
Th mn
2006 2011 Kho Kho h t nhi n i h C n Ging vi n nghi n u
Th sinh
2012 nay Kho Kho h t nhi n i h C n Ging vi n Ph Trng
Th Khoa

1. Nguyn V n M nh Ph n b kh in t h i hiu trong u tr d ht
AlGaAs/GaAs, (10/2011-> ) bo v th nh ng th ng 5 .
2. ng Hng C m Ph n b kh in t h i hiu trong u tr d ht
AlGaN/GaN, (10/2011->04/2 ) bo v th nh ng th ng 5 .
3. ng Ho ng Phng Ph n b kh in t h i hiu trong u tr d ht ph n
MgZnO/ZnO, (01/2012-> 8 ) bo v th nh ng th ng 9 .
n dn ho n (C s b th
1 Nghi n u l thuyt v t nh dn 2008 Cp trng Ch nhim
in h in t h i hiu
trong u tr ging lng t
d tr n tinh th b n dn
t nh i xng lp phng v i
xng l gi
2 C h t n x ho h h t ti 2011 Nafosted Tham gia
208
h i hiu trong u tr d
ht d tr n ZnO v nitride
nhm III
3 Nghin u m t s tnh cht 2012 Cp b Ch nhim
in v qu ng li n qu n n vn
huyn h ti in h i hiu
trong u tr n no b n dn tr n
nn vt liu oxit km v hp kim
oxit km
4 Nh n t nh hng l n linh 2013 Cp trng Ch nhim
ng kh in t h i hiu trong
u tr d ht n
MgZnO ZnO v i u hnh
t p kh nh u
5 Nghi n u hin tng hp th 2012- Cp b Ch nhim
qu ng gi vng on trong 2013
u tr n no b n dn h i
hiu
N u t Tc n
TT Tn sch Nh u t n
n t c

1. Vu Ngoc Tuoc, and Nguyen Thanh Tien, Influence of the interface roughness
profile on the electron transport properties of a lattice mis-matched quantum
wells made of zinc-blende structural material, Proceeding of the 6th German-
Vietnamese Seminar on Physics and Engineering, 25-31 May 2003, Chemnitz,
Germany (2003).
2. Vu Ngoc Tuoc, Nguyen Thanh Tien, Influence of the interface roughness profile
on the random piezoelectric field in a lattice mis-matched quantum well,
Communication in Physics, (2003).
209
3. Vu Ngoc Tuoc, Nguyen Thanh Tien, Low-temperature mobility of holes in
Si/SiGe p-channel heterostructures using multiple scattering theory,
4. Nguyen Thanh Tien, Le Tuan, and Doan Nhat Quang, Quantum
confinement in Gaussian heavily-doped ZnO surface quantum well.
5. Le Tuan, Nguyen Viet Minh, Nguyen Thanh Tien, Electron mobility limited by
correlated donors in hydrogen-bombarded, Communication in Physics, (2008).
6. Doan Nhat Quang, Le Tuan, and Nguyen Thanh Tien, Electron Mobility in
Gaussian Heavily Doped ZnO Surface Quantum Wells, Physical Review B, 77,
125326, (2008).
7. Le Tuan, and Nguyen Thanh Tien, Effect of spontaneous polarization charges on
the quantum properties of strong accumulation layers on ZnO surfaces,
Proceedings of the Eleventh Vietnamese-German Seminar on Physics and
Engineering, April 2008, Nha Trang, VietNam (2008).
8. Nguyen Thanh Tien, Le Tuan, and Doan Nhat Quang, Effect of
Spontaneous Polarization Charges on the Electron Mobility in ZnO Surface
Quantum Wells, Communication in Physics (2009).
9. Le Tuan, and Nguyen Thanh Tien, Tran Thi An, Doan Nhat Quang, Scattering
mechanisms from roughness-induced fluctuations in charge distributions in ZnO
surface quantum wells, Communication in Physics, (2010).
10. Doan Nhat Quang, Le Tuan, and Nguyen Thanh Tien, Electron scattering
from roughness-induced fluctuations in the donor density in ZnO surface
quantum wells, J. Appl. Phys, 107, 123709, (2010).
11. Nguyen Thanh Tien, Dinh Nhu Thao, and Le Tuan, Confining potentials
and the distributions of the electron gas in quantum wells based on
ZnO/MgZnO single heterostructure at the low temperature, Proceedings of the
first Academic Conference on Natural Science for Master and PhD Students from
Cambodia-Laos- Vietnam, Vientiane, Laos, March 23-27, 2010.
210
12. Doan Nhat Quang, Nguyen Huyen Tung, Nguyen Thanh Tien, Electron
scattering from polarization charges bound on a rough interface of polar
heterostructures, Journal of Applied Physics, 109, 113711 (2011).
13. Le Tuan, Nguyen Thanh Tien, Electron scattering due to polarization charges
bound on a rough interface in ZnO/Zn1-xMgO heterostructures, Proceeding of
the 5th South East Asian Technical University Consortium (SEATUC), 24-25,
February, (2011).
14. Nguyen Thanh Tien, Dinh Nhu Thao, The key scattering mechanisms in a
polar modulation-doped heterostructure at low-temperature, The fourth
International Symposium on Atomically Controlled Fabrication Technology,
Osaka, Japan, October 31-November 2, (2011).
15. Doan Nhat Quang, Nguyen Nhu Dat, Nguyen Thanh Tien and Dinh Nhu Thao,
Single- valued estimation of the interface profile from intersubband absorption
linewidth data, Applied Physics Letters, 100, 113103 (2012).
16. Nguyen Thanh Tien, Effects of Interface Polarization charges on Electronic
Properties in Polar Modulation-Doped Heterostructures, APCTP-ICTP Joint
Conference Quantum Transport through Nanostructures, Aug-30/Sep-2, Pohang,
Korea, (2012)
X c nhn
Ngi k kh i k t n
TS. N uyn Th nh T n
211
L LCH HOA HC
L LCH S L C
H v t n: VN PHM AN TH Gi i t nh: N
Ng y th ng n m sinh: 9-08-1982
Ni sinh: Th nh ph C n Th
Qu qu n: An Bnh Ninh Kiu Th nh ph C n Th
D n t : Kinh Tn gio: Cng gio
h li n l : 96 9 L T Tr ng Phng An C Qun Ninh Kiu Th nh
ph C n Th
in tho i li n h: 710-832-505 E-mail: vpdthuy@ ctu.edu.vn
Ch v: khng
Ng h vi n h : Ging vi n Thm ni n ging d y: 7 n m
Trnh huy n m n o nht: Tin s C ng ngh vt liu o ph n t.
QU TR NH O TO
* :
Ng nh h huy n m n: C ng Ngh H H N m t t nghip: 2005
*T s:
Thi gi n o t o: 2007-2009
Ni o t o: Vin C ng Ngh Kyoto Nht Bn
Bng Th s huy n ng nh: C ng ngh vt liu o ph n t
T n lun v n: Physical Aging of Photo-Crosslinked Polymer Systems Observed
by Mach-Zehnder Interferometry
* T n s:
Ni o t o: Vin C ng Ngh Kyoto Nht Bn
Chuy n ng nh o t o: C ng ngh vt liu o ph n t
T n lun n: Interferometric Studies on the Elastic Strain and Its Relaxation
Process Induced by Photo-cross-link Reaction in Polymeric Systems
212
* n :
Ting Nht M th nh th o: Kh
2005 - 2006 B m n C ng Ngh H H , khoa Cng Ging vi n
ngh Th ng tin i h C n Th.
2006 - 2007 Vin C ng Ngh Kyoto Nht Bn Sinh vin nghi n u
2007 - 2009 Vin C ng Ngh Kyoto Nht Bn H th s
2009 - 2012 Vin C ng Ngh Kyoto Nht Bn Nghi n u sinh
2012 - nay Vin C ng Ngh Kyoto Nht Bn Nghi n u s u tin s
3. Ph n n lun v n thc s lun n t n s :
4. ng Th Hu An, Radiation chemistry as an alternative way for the synthesis of
conducting polymers, 2010- 2012 bo v th nh ng n m 12.
N Tc n
TT Tn sch Nh u t n
u t n t c
1 Nonlinear Dynamics WILEY-VCH Verlag 2010 +
with Polymers GMbH t & Co. KG
Fundamentals, ISBN: 978-3-527-32529-0
Methods and
Applications
1. Qui Tran-Cong-Miyata, Dan-Thuy Van-Pham, Xuan-Anh Trinh, Daisuke Fujiki,
Hideyuki Nakanishi, APCTP-Asean Workshop on Advanced Materials Science and
Nanotechnology (AMSN2008)-Nha Trang, Vietnam, September 15-21, 2008,
ISBN: 978-90-9023470
2. Dan-Thuy Van-Pham, Kazuhiro Sorioka, Tomohisa Norisuye, Qui Tran-Cong-

Miyata, Physical Aging of Photo-Crosslinked Poly(ethyl acrylate) Observed in the
213
Nanometer Scales by Mach-Zehnder Interferometry, Polymer Journal, 41, pp. 260-
265 (2009)
3. Qui Tran-Cong-Miyata, Dan-Thuy Van-Pham, Kei Noma, Tomohisa Norisuye and

Hideyuki Nakanishi, The roles of reaction inhomogeneity in phase separation
kinetics and morphology of reactive polymer blends, Chinese J. Polym.Sci., 27 (1),
23-36 (2009)
4. Dan-Thuy Van-Pham, Xuan-Anh Trinh, Hideyuki Nakanishi and Qui Tran-Cong-

Miyata, Design and morphology control of polymer nanocomposites using light-
driven phase separation phenomena, Adv. Nat. Sci.: Nanosci. Nanotechnol. 1,
013002, pp. 1-11 (2010)
5. Daisuke Fujiki, Chuanming Jing, Dan-Thuy Van-Pham, Hideyuki Nakanishi,

Tomohisa Norisuye and Qui Tran-Cong-Miyata, Polymer materials with spatially
graded morphologies: preparation, characterization and utilization, Adv. Nat. Sci.:
Nanosci. Nanotechnol. 1, 043003, pp. 1-7, (2010)
6. Dan-Thuy Van-Pham, Kazuhiro Sorioka, Tomohisa Norisuye, Qui Tran-Cong-

Miyata, Formation and relaxation of the elastic strain generated by photocuring in
polymer blends monitored by Mach-Zehnder interferometry, Polymer, 52, pp. 739-
745 (2011)
7. Qui Tran-Cong-Miyata, Tomokazu Kinohira, Dan-Thuy Van-Pham, Atsuko

Hirose, Tomohisa Norisuye, Hideyuki Nakanishi, Phase separation of polymer
mixtures driven by photochemical reactions: Complexity and fascination, Current
Opinion in Solid State & Materials Science, 15, pp. 254-261 (2011)
X c nhn
c tr n hc C n Th Cn Th, ngy 30 thng 8 n m 2012
Ngi k kh i k t n
TS. V n Ph n Thy
214
Bn T n s thut u h n c TS V n Ph n Thy
215
L LCH HOA HC
1. L LCH S L C
H v t n: L DU SN Gi i t nh: N m
Ng y th ng n m sinh: . . 955 Ni sinh: Th nh H
Qu qu n: Th L Th Xun, Thanh Ha D n t : Kinh
H v o nht: Tin s N m phong h v :
H h m o nht: Ging vi n h nh N m phong h h m:
Ch v hin n y: Quyn Trng Kho
n v ng t hin n y: Kho M -L nin T Tng H Ch Minh HCT
Ch ho h li n l :
in tho i li n h: 9 3.6 . 88
Email: ldson@ctu.edu.vn
QU TR NH O TO
* :
H o t o: Ch nh qui
Ni o t o: Trng Nguyn i Qu IX
Ng nh h huy n m n: Ch ngh ng sn kho h
N o t o: Vit N m N m t t nghip: 98
* Sau :
Bng tin s huy n ng nh: Trit h huy n ng nh Ch ngh ng sn kho
h .
N m p bng:
Ni p bng: B gi o d v o t o
T n huy n Lun v n b o nht: S ph t trin m i qu n h gi gi i p
ng nh n Vit N m v d n t Vit N m trong qu trnh i m i theo nh h ng x
h i h ngh .
* n :
Ting Ng , Bng C M th nh th o: vit n i.
3. QU TRNH CNG TC CHUYN MN

Th n N c n t c C n v c nhn
216
1982 - 1994 i H C n Th Ging d y m n Ch ngh x h i kho h
1994 - 2001 H vin h nh tr qu gi H Nghi n u sinh
Ch Minh
2002 - nay i H C n Th Ging d y m n Ch ngh x h i kho h
4.1 Qu trnh n h n cu ho hc
TT T n t n h n cu l nh vc n N ho n t Tr ch nh th
dn thnh c p tron t
1 Gi o trnh Ch ngh x h i kho h 1993 Trng Ch tr
Sinh vi n i h v o ng.
2 Gi o trnh ng d n gi o d (nhng 1994 Trng Ch tr
hiu bit v h ngh x h i)
4.2 C c c n tr nh ho hc c n :
1. T i liu h ng dn n thi t t nghip m n L lun h nh tr ho sinh vi n
trng i h (Trng i h C n Th in n m 987).
2. Gi o trnh h ngh x h i kho h (Trng i h C n Th in n m
1993).
3. Gi o trnh ng d n gi o d (ph n Nhng biu bit v h ngh x h i).
Trng i h C n Th B n T n gi o t nh C n Th - i Chng vin
Th nh Qu C i r ng - C n Th in n m 99 ).
4. Vn qu n h gi gi i p v d n t trong Tuy n ng n ng ng
sn. T p h Nghi n u L lun in s I n m 998.
5. Kt hp ng n vn gi i p v i vn d n t theo t tng H Ch
Minh. T p h Nghi n u L lun in s 1999.
X c nhn
c tr n hc C n Th Cn Th, ngy ... thng ... n m 2012
Ngi k kh i k t n
TS. L Duy S n
217
L LCH HOA HC
1. L LCH S L C
H v t n: INH NGC QUYN Gi i t nh: N m
Ng y th ng n m sinh: 5-01-1954 Ni sinh: Ninh Bnh
Qu qu n: x Gi Thy huyn Nho Qu n Ninh Bnh D n t : Kinh
H v o nht: Tin s N m phong h v : 3
H h m o nht: Ging vi n h nh N m phong h h m:
Ch v: Trng B m n
n v ng t : Khoa Mc-Lnin, T tng H Ch Minh Trng HCT
Ch ri ng ho h li n l : N6B 6 tp th Khu I H C n Th
in tho i li n h: 9 8.93 .33 E-mail: intriet@ctu.edu.vn
QU TR NH O TO
* :
H o t o: Ch nh quy
Ni o t o: Trng Nguyn i Qu IX Tp. H Ch Minh
Ng nh h huy n m n: C nh n trit h
N o t o: Vit N m
N m t t nghip: 98
* Sau :
Bng Tin s: Trit h N m p bng: 3
Ni o t o: H vin Ch nh tr qu gi H Ch Minh
T n huy n Lun v n b o nht: L lun m -x t v qu n h gi i p v
d n t v i ng u i m i n t hin n y.
* n :
Ng v n M th nh th o: Trnh C
Ting Anh M th nh th o: Trnh A

1982-1983 Phng Tuy n hun H C n Th C n b ging d y Trit h
1983-1987 Phng Tuy n hun H C n Th Ph phng Tuy n hun
1987-1994 B m n M -L nin H C n Th Ph Ch nhim B m n
1994-2000 H vin h nh tr qu gi H Ch Minh H vi n
218
2001 B m n M -L nin H C n Th Ging vi n T trng t
Trit h
2002- nay Khoa Mc-L nin T tng H Ch Minh Ging vi n h nh Trng
H C n Th B m n Trit h
4.1 C c t n h n cu ho hc th : h
4.2 Cc c n tr nh ho hc c n :
1. inh Ng Quy n 99 Gi o trnh l h s Trit h : B i Trit h Hy L p i
Trng H C n Th.
2. inh Ng Quy n 99 Gi o trnh l h s Trit h : B i Trit h T y u thi
Trung Trng H C n Th.
3. inh Ng Quy n 993 Gi o trnh l h s Trit h : B i Php bin hng duy
vt l kho h v m i li n h ph bin v s ph t trin Trng H C n Th.
4. inh Ng Quy n 993 Gi o trnh l h s Trit h : B i Nhng p ph m tr
bn php bin hng duy vt Trng H C n Th.
5. inh Ng Quy n 998 Qu n h gi i p v d n t trong on ng u n
H Ch Minh Tp ch Nghin cu l lun s 5.
6. inh Ng Quy n 998 T tng H Ch Minh v h m ng gii ph ng d n
t v h m ng v sn Tp ch Lch s ng s 8.
7. inh Ng Quy n 999 Th ng nht gi lp d n t v h ngh x h i
trong t tng H Ch Minh Tp ch Nghin cu l lun s 5.
8. inh Ng Quy n 3 Ph t trin nn kinh t nhiu th nh ph n v i vi t ng
ng i o n kt d n t Tp ch Lch s ng s 7.
9. inh Ng Quy n Gio trnh lch s Trit hc Trng H C n Th.
10. inh Ng Quy n 5 Gio trnh o c hc Mc - Lnin: B i Nhng nguy n
t o m i v T nh quy lut s hnh th nh o m i Trng H
C n Th.
X c nhn
Ngi k kh i k t n
219
TS nh N c Quy n
220
L LCH HOA HC
L LCH S L C
H v t n: DNG THI C NG Gi i t nh: N m
Ng y th ng n m sinh: 6 6 958 Ni sinh: C M u
Qu qu n: nh Th nh T V n C M u
D n t : Kinh T n gi o: Kh ng
Ch ri ng ho h li n l : KV P. An Kh nh Q. Ninh Kiu TPCT.
in tho i li n h: ( 7 ) 383 67 E-mail: dtcong@ctu.edu.vn
Ch v: Hiu Trng n v ng t : Trung t m H T i h C n Th
Ng h vi n h : Ging vi n h nh Th m ni n ging d y: 3 n m
2. QU TR NH O TO
* :
H o t o: Ch nh quy Ni o t o: i h C n Th
Ng nh h huy n m n: C kh n ng nghip
N m t t nghip: 98
*T s:
Thi gi n o t o: 996-1997 Ni o t o: H W geningen H L n
Chuy n ng nh o t o: C kh n ng nghip
* T n s:
Thi gi n o t o: - 2003 Ni o t o: i h L Ro helle Ph p
Chuy n ng nh o t o: K thut qu trnh
T n lun n: Nghi n u ng dng thy nhit bng ng ngh gim p t thi
c iu khin h bin g o .
Th ng n m p bng: 3
* n :
Ting Anh M th nh th o: n i vit th nh th o
Ting Ph p M th nh th o: n i vit th nh th o
221
1981-1993 Kho C kh n ng nghip HCT Ph b m n Ging vi n
2003-2006 Kho C kh n ng nghip Trng B m n GV h nh
2006-2007 Kho C kh n ng nghip Ph trng kho GV h nh
2007-2009 Kho C kh n ng nghip Trng kho , GV chnh
2009-nay Kho C kh n ng nghip Hiu trng GV h nh
n dn ho n C s th
th nh n nh tron t
tr n
1 ng dng ng ngh m i trong 2004 T nh Ch tr
ng o n s u thu ho h nhm
n ng o ht lng sn phm
n ng nghip v gim gi th nh
sn xut
2 nh gi tim n ng v sinh kh i 2005 Asia-Link Th k
ho n ng lng t i t o m t s
t nh BSCL
3 Qun l thu gom v tn tr r 2006 Asia-Link Ch nhim
thi nguy h i (t i Tp. C n Th)

N
n
m Tc
TT Tn sch Nh u t n tc
u t
n
1 S t y: h th ng h tr r Pht hnh trong cc 200 +
quyt nh (DSS) ho vi p trng th m gi d n: 5
dng n ng lng t i t o t HCT H Bremen
sinh kh i v biog s Dresden ( ) H
Cardiff (Anh)
2 S t y: H th ng h tr r Pht hnh trong cc 200 +
quyt nh trong vi qun l trng th m gi d n: 6
r thi nguy h i trong ng HCT H Bremen
nghip Dresden ( ) v nh m
h tr m i trng
222
B ng lore (n )

1. Dng Th i C ng X l h n kh ng tr khi ng m l nhm n ng kh n ng hp
th n t ng kh n ng truyn nhit v truyn kh i ho ng ngh DIC. T p h
Kho h H C n Th .
2. Dng Th i C ng v K rim All f P rboiling ri e by DIC nd drying by DDS
(Drying by pressure drop su essive). K yu h i tho vng v ng ngh sy l n
3 t i Bogor Indonesi 3.
3. Dng Th i C ng v ng s ng dng ng ngh m i trong ng o n s u thu
ho h nhm n ng o ht lng sn phm n ng nghip v gim gi th nh sn
xut. K yu h i ngh kho h t nh An Gi ng .
4. Dng Th i C ng DIC in the oper tion of ste ming & p rboiling ri e. K yu h i
tho v nhng th y i trong h th ng sn xut l g o v th th h trong
ng ngh m i H Chi ng R i Th i L n 6.
5. Duong Thai Cong, et al., Dehydration by successive pressure drops for drying
paddy rice treated by instant controlled pressure drop. Informa World Taylor
Francis Drying Technology, Vol. 26, Issue 4, 2008, pp. 443-451.
X c nhn Cn Th, ngy ...... thng ...... n m 2012

c tr n hc C n Th Ngi k kh i k t n
TS D n Th C n
223
Bn T n s thut qu tr nh c TS D n Th Cng
224
L LCH HOA HC
L LCH S L C
H v t n: NGU N CH NG N Gi i t nh: N m
Ng y th ng n m sinh: -09-1972
Ni sinh: x Vit Thng huyn Ph T n t nh C M u
Qu qu n: x Vit Thng huyn Ph T n t nh C M u
h li n l : 89 3 Hunh Th Kh ng Q. Ninh Kiu TP. C n Th
in tho i li n h: 9 8 538 224 E-mail: ncngon@ ctu.edu.vn
Ch v: Ph Trng Kho n v ng t : Kho C ng ngh H C n Th.
Ng h vi n h : Ging vi n h nh Th n ni n ging d y: n m
Trnh huy n m n o nht: Tin s K thut iu khin.
2. QU TR NH O TO
* :
Ng nh h huy n m n: K thut in t N m t t nghip: 996
*T s:
Thi gi n o t o: 998-2001
Ni o t o: i h B h Kho i ho Qu gi TP. HCM
Bng Th s huy n ng nh: K thut in t vin th ng
T n lun v n: iu khin m hnh n i v Neur l Networks
* T n s:
Ni o t o: Trng H Tng hp Rosto k CHLB .
Chuy n ng nh o t o: K thut iu khin
T n lun n: Hypotensive Control during Aneasthesia: form Design to
Application
Th ng n m p bng: 7
* n :
225
Ting M th nh th o: Giao tip th ng thng
1996 - 1998 B m n in t Vin th ng kho C ng Tr ging
ngh Th ng tin i h C n Th.
1998 - 2001 i h B h kho HQG Tp. HCM H Th s
2001 - 2003 B m n Vin th ng v T ng h Kho Ging vi n
C ng ngh TTT i h C n Th
2003 - 2007 i h tng hp Rosto k CHLB Nghi n u sinh
2007 - 2008 B m n Vin th ng v K thut iu Ging vi n
khin kho C ng ngh Th ng tin v Trng B m n
Truyn th ng i h C n Th.
2008 nay Kho C ng Ngh Ging vi n h nh
Ph Trng Kho
2008 nay PTN iu khin qu trnh Trng phng
2009 nay Trung t m in in t Gi m
5. Nguyn V n M t, iu khin d b o m hnh h phi tuyn dng m ng n-
ron m, 01/2009- 5 9 bo v th nh ng n m 9.
6. Ch T m M ph ng h th ng n gi o th ng th ng minh s bo v
thnh cng 07/2011.
7. ng T n iu khin PID th h nghi h b ng v th nh d tr n m ng n-
ron m hi quy bo v th nh ng .
8. Tr n B Duy Nghi n u huyn i v n bn s ng ng n ng du hiu s
bo v n m .
9. L Ng B h M ph ng h th ng n gi o th ng th ng minh s bo v
n m .
n dn ho n (C s b th
1 Thit k & thi ng tng i n i 1999 Trng Tham gia
b
2 H huy n gi h tr sinh vi n 2010 Trng Ch tr
lp k ho h h tp (d tr n
226
phng ph p kh i ph d liu -
data mining). T2009-10.
3 Nghi n u ng dng n ng 2011 B Ch tr
lng mt tri. B2010-16-166.
4 Nghi n u thit k v h t o 2011 B Ch tr
thit b h tr ngi khim th i
ng. -NCCD-2011.
5 X y dng PTN K thut iu 2011 Trng Ch tr
khin th ng minh tr n s ph t
trin t thit b thng m i t h
hp sn hng G.U.N.T-
HAMBURG . T -19.
6 Nghi n u ph t trin gii thut 2011 Trng Ch tr
iu khin th ng minh d tr n
m ng n-ron m hi quy.
T2011-44.
N u t Tc n
TT Tn sch Nh u t n
n t c
1 Gi o trnh th nghim Th vin ebook B Gi o 2003 +
CAD d
2 Hypotensive Control VDM Verlag Dr. Mueller 2010 +
during Anaesthesia Aktiengesellschaft & Co.
from Design to KG
Application ISBN: 978-3-639-26902-4
1. N uyn Ch N n Dng Ho i Ngh iu khin dng m hnh n i m ng
Neuron p dng v o robot SCARA Tp ch Pht trin Khoa hc Cng ngh, tp
s 8 & 9 tr ng 65-7 HQG Tp. HCM.
2. N uyn Ch N n Tr nh Hu Ph B u nghi n u ng dng m ng Nron
iu khin thit b bng ting n i Tp ch T ng ho ngy nay, s 8 tr ng
30-3 th ng H i kho h C ng ngh T ng Vit n m.
3. N uyn Ch N n Nhn d ng m hnh i tng phi tuyn dng m ng Neuron
nh n t o Tp ch Khoa hc, tp tr ng 86- 93 Tuyn tp ng trnh
nghi n u kho h n m i h C n Th.
4. N uyn Ch N n Trng Th Th nh Tuyn v Nguyn Th i Nghe n gi o
th ng th ng minh Tp ch T ng ho ngy nay, s 37 tr ng 3-25, 09/2003,
H i kho h C ng ngh T ng Vit n m.
227
5. N uyn Ch N n Ph n mm NeuoSolutions . v ng dng trong nhn d ng
m hnh phi tuyn ng i tng Tp ch T ng ho ngy nay, s 39
trang 18- 3 H i kho h C ng ngh T ng Vit n m.
6. C. N. Nguyen, R. Khler, O. Simanski, A. Schubert, M. Janda and B. Lampe,
Regul ting Me n Arteri l Blood Pressure using Fuzzy G in S heduling of PID
Controller Proc. 5th AUTOMED Workshop, pp. 91-92, ISBN 3-00-013509-X,
15-16th October 2004, Saarbrcken, Germany.
7. N uyn Ch N n Tr n Th nh Hng Trng Th Th nh Tuyn v Nguyn Th i
Nghe ng dng m ng n-ron nh n t o iu khin thit b bng gi ng n i
ting Vit Tp ch Khoa hc H Cn Th, s 3-2005, trang 96-103. ISSN:
1859-2333.
8. Chi-Ngon Nguyen, Olaf Simanski, Agnes Schubert, Ralf Khler, and Bernhard
L mpe PID Control of Hypotension with n online Fuzzy G in S heduler
Proc. 3rd International Conference in Computer Science: Research, Innovation &
Vision of the Future, RIVF05, pp. 73-78, 21-24th February 2005, Cantho
University, Vietnam.
9. Chi-Ngon Nguyen, Thanh-Hung Tran, Thanh-Tuyen T. Truong, and Thai-Nghe
Nguyen A method of ontrol system by Vietn mese spee h using Neur l
Networks Proc. 3rd Inter. Conf. in Computer Science: Research, Innovation &
Vision of the Future, RIVF05, pp. 315-317, 21-24th February 2005, Cantho
University, Vietnam,
10. Chi-Ngon Nguyen, Olaf Simanski, Agnes Schubert, Ralf Khler, and Bernhard
L mpe An online Fuzzy G in S heduling for Blood Pressure Regul tion Proc.
16th IFAC World Congress, Th-A19-TO/3, 4-8th July 2005, Prague, Czech
Republic.
11. Chi-Ngon Nguyen nd R lf Khler Modelling the effe ts of Sodium
Nitroprusside on Arteri l Blood Pressure using Guyton's model Proc. 4th
International Symposium on Automatic Control, AUTSYM 2005, ISBN 3-910102-
79-4, 22-23rd September 2005, Wismar, Germany.
12. Nguyen, C.-N., Simanski, O., Khler, R., Schubert, A., Janda, M., Bajorat, J.,
Hofmockel, J., Lampe, B.P., Regelung des mittleren arteriellen Blutdrucks im
Rahmen einer kontrollierten Hypotension (Control of Mean Arterial Blood
Pressure for Controlled Hypotension), Journal at Automatisierungsetchnik, Vol.
53, No. 12, pp. 573-580, ISSN 0178-2312, 2005, Oldenbourg Verlag, Germany.
13. C.-N. Nguyen, O. Simanski, A. Schubert, M. Janda, J. Bajorat, R. Hofmockel, and
B. L mpe Regul tion of Cerebr l Perfusion Pressure by utom ti ontrol of
Nor dren line Infusion Proc. 6th AUTOMED 2006 Workshop, S2-4, ISBN 3-
86009-296-0, 24-25th March 2006, Univ.of Rostock, Germany.
14. Chi-Ngon Nguyen, Ralf Khler, Olaf Simanski, Agnes Schubert, and Bernhard
L mpe The Benefits of using Guytons model in Hypotensive Control System
Proc.6th IFAC Symposium on modelling and Control in Biomedical Systems,
MCBMS 06, pp. 357-362, ISBN: 0-08-044530-6, Reims France.
228
15. Joern Bajorat, Matthias Janda, Ngon Nguyen, Birgit Pohl, Gabriele Noeldge-
S homburg Closed Loop Control of Cerebr l Perfusion Pressure in n A ute
Por ine Model Proc. American Society of Anesthesiologists, Annual Meeting
Abstracts, Anesthesiology 2006, 105: A977, 14-18th October 2006, Chicago,
Illinois, USA.
16. Simanski,O., Schubert, A., Nguyen, Ch.N., Janda, M., Bajorat, J.: Regelung des
mittleren arteriellen Blutdrucks als Teilkomponente des Rostocker
Assistenzsystems zur Narkosefhrung (RAN), Proc. 5th Internat. Symposium on
Automatic Control, Wismar (D), 18.-19.09. 2008, pp. 1-4.
17. Simanski, O. and Nguyen, C.N. and Schubert, A.U. and Janda, M. and Bajorat, J.
and Hofmockel, R. and Lampe, B.P.: Die Vorteile des Guyton-Models bei der
Regelung einer tiefen Hypotension. Proc. 4. ASIM Workshop, Wismar, pp. p1-p6,
Mai 2008.
18. Chi-Ngon Nguyen, Ralf Khler, Olaf Simanski, Agnes Schubert, and Bernhard
L mpe The Benefits of using Guytons model in Hypotensive Control System
Journal of Computer Methods and Programs in Biomedicine, Vol. 89, No. 2, pp.
153-161, 2008, ISSN 0169-2607.
19. Simanski, O. and Janda, M. and Bajurat, J. and Nguyen, N.C. and Hofmockel, R.
and Lampe, B.P.: Blutdruckregelung im Umfeld chirurgischer Interventionen /
Blood pressure control in the area of surgical interventions. Journal
Biomedizinische Technik, Volume 54, Issue 5, Pages 299306, 2009.
20. N uyn Ch N n T i u ho b iu khin PID bng gii thut di truyn. Tp
ch Khoa hc H Cn Th, s 9-2008, trang 241-248. ISSN: 1859-2333.
21. N uyn Ch N n Nghi n u thit k h th ng n gi o th ng th ng minh Tp
ch Khoa hc i Hc Cn Th, s 5b-2010, trang 56-63. ISSN: 1859-2333.
22. N uyn Ch N n Ph m Minh Phng v Dng Ho i Ngh iu khin trt
dng m ng nron ng kh ng ng b b ph Tp ch Khoa hc i Hc Cn
Th, s 6 -2010, trang 32-39. ISSN: 1859-2333.
23. N uyn Ch N n Ph m Th nh Tng v Dng Ho i Ngh iu khin trt
dng m ng nron h n ng vt bng t trng Tp ch Khoa hc i Hc Cn
Th, S 7b-2011, trang 140-147. ISSN: 1859-2333.
24. N uyn Ch N n B iu khin PI m: t thit k n ng dng. Tp ch Khoa
hc i Hc Cn Th s 8 -2011, trang 82-92. ISSN: 1859-2333.
25. Nguyen Chi Ngon, B u nghi n u iu khin p l t i m u no. Tp ch
Khoa hc i Hc Cn Th, s 8 -2011, trang 71-81. ISSN: 1859-2333.
26. N uyn Ch N n C o Ho ng Long v Lu Tr ng Hiu . M t gii ph p
ng dng n ng lng mt tri. Tp ch Khoa hc i Hc Cn Th. Vol.19b-
2011, pp.10-19. ISSN: 1859-2333.
27. N uyn Ch Ngn M t gii ph p thit k h th ng n gi o th ng th ng minh
K yu H i ngh to n qu v iu khin v T ng h 5-26/11/2011, VCCA
2011, trang 639-644. ISBN: 978-604-911-020-7.
229
28. Nguyen Chi Ngon A Study on Cerebr l Perfusion Pressure Control K yu H i
ngh to n qu v iu khin v T ng h 5-26/11/2011, VCCA 2011, trang
792-797. ISBN: 978-604-911-020-7.
29. N uyn Ch N n v ng T n. iu khin PID m t nron th h nghi d tr n b
nhn d ng m ng nron m hi qui p dng ho h th nh v b ng. Tp ch Khoa
hc i Hc Cn Th. S -2011, trang 159-168. ISSN: 1859-2333.
30. N uyn Ch N n v Nguyn Minh Tr Ho t ng Nghi n u Kho h v
Chuyn gi o C ng ngh t i Kho C ng ngh Trng i h C n Th: m t n m
nhn l i, Tp ch Khoa hc i Hc Cn Th. S -2011, trang 169-175. ISSN:
1859-2333.
31. Nguyen Chi Ngon, A method of Hypotensive Control System Design, Journal of
Volgograd State Technical University, Russia, 2011 (accepted).
X c nhn
Ngi k kh i k t n
TS N uyn Ch N n
230
Bn T n s thut u h n c TS N uyn Ch N n
231
L LCH HOA HC
1. L LCH S L C
H v t n: V MINH TR Gi i t nh: N m
Ng y th ng n m sinh: -01-1970 Ni sinh: An Th i M C y Bn Tre
Qu qu n: An Th i M C y Bn Tre D n t : Kinh Tn gio: khng
h li n l : 98D KV P. An Kh nh Q. Ninh Kiu Tp.C n Th
in tho i li n h: 9 38 8 E-mail: vmtri@ctu.edu.vn
Ch v: Kh ng n v ng t : KCN
Ng h vi n h : Ging vi n h nh Th m ni n ging d y: n m
Trnh huy n m n o nht: Tin s k thut-ng nh C in t
2. QU TR NH O TO
* :
H o t o: Chnh qui Ni o t o: i h C n Th
Ng nh h huy n m n: C kh
N m t t nghip: 993
*T s:
Thi gi n o t o: n m Ni o t o: HQG Tp.HCM
Chuy n ng nh o t o: C kh
T n lun v n: iu khin bng m y t nh m hnh nh m y h bin th n gi
sc
* T n s:
Thi gi n o t o: n m, Ni o t o: Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, B
Chuy n ng nh o t o: C in T
T n lun n: Hysteresis Modelling and Control of an Antagonistic Manipulator
Joint Actuated by Pneumatic Artificial Muscles
Th ng n m p bng: 19/11/2010
* n :
Ting Anh M th nh th o: Lu lo t
Ting Ph p M th nh th o: hiu n bn
232
3.1 C c hot n chuy n n thc h n
Th N c n t c C n v c tr ch
gian
1993- Kho C ng Ngh- C n b gin d y: K thut in nghi n u iu
2000 HCT khin bng PLC v k thut iu khin qu trnh
2000 Kho C ng Ngh- Ging vi n: Th m gi ging d y K thut kh
HCT nn PLC iu Khin qu trnh
Th m gi hng trnh tr o i n b v i
Larenstein College of argiculture, the
Netherlands
2001 Kho C ng Ngh- Th m gi hng trnh tr o i n b v i U
HCT Ubon Ratchthani, Thailand
2003- Kho C ng Ngh- Th m gi hng trnh o t o tr tin s
2005 HCT (Pre-do tor l) t i H K tholieke Universiteit
Leuven Vng Qu B
2006- Kho C ng Ngh- Th m gi hng trnh o t o tin s t i H
2010 HCT Katholieke Universiteit Leuven Vng Qu
B
3.2 H n dn lun v n thc s lun n t n s : h
TT T n t n h n cu l nh vc N ho n t c p Tr ch
n dn th nh C s nh th
n nh tron
tr n t
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1. Tri Vo Minh, Tegoeh Tjahjowidodo, Herman Ramon, and Hendrik Van Brussel, A
new approach to modeling hysteresis in a pneumatic artificial muscle using the
Maxwell-slip model, IEEE/ASME Transaction on Mechatronics, Vol. PP
(99),2010, pp:1-10.
2. Tri Vo Minh, Tegoeh Tjahjowidodo, Herman Ramon, and Hendrik Van Brussel,
Cascade position control of a single pneumatic artificial muscle-mass system with
hysteresis compensation, IFAC Mechatronics, Vol.20 (3), 2010, pp: 402-414.
Non-local Memory Hysteresis in A Pneumatic Artificial Muscle (PAM),
proceedings of the 17th Mediterranean Conf. on Control and Automation,
Thessaloniki, Greece, June 24-26, 2009, pp: 640-645.
Control of a Pneumatic Artificial Muscle (PAM) with Model-Based Hysteresis
Compensation, proceedings of IEEE/ASME Int. Conf. on Advanced Intelligent
Mechatronics, Singapore, July 14-17, 2009, pp: 1082-1087.
5. Tri Vo Minh, Tegoeh Tjahjowidodo, Bram Kamers, Herman Ramon, and Hendrik
Van Brussel, Modeling Torque-Angle Hysteresis in A Pneumatic Muscle
Manipulator, accepted to 2010 IEEE/ASME Int. Conf. on Advanced Intelligent
Mechatronics, Montreal, Canada, July 6-9,2010, pp, 1122-1127.
6. Tri Vo Minh, Bram Kamers, Herman Ramon, and Hendrik Van Brussel,
Characterization of Hysteresis in a Pneumatic Muscle Manipulator with
accounting for the Creep Effect, the 4th IFAC Symposium on System, Structure
and Control, Sept. 15-17, Ancona, Italy.
7. T. V. Minh, H. Ramon, H. V. Brussel, Control a Pneumatic Artificial Muscle
(PAM) with hysteresis, 8th National Congress on Theoretical and Applied
Mechanics, NCTAM2009, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, May 28-29, 2009, pp. 182
187.
8. T. V. Minh, H. Ramon, H. V. Brussel, Pneumatic circuit assessment in Pneumatic
Artificial Muscle Applications, Book of Abstract of The 28th Benelux Meeting on
Systems and Control, March 16-18, 2009, Spa, Belgium, pp, 82.
9. T. V. Minh, H. Ramon, H. V. Brussel, Effect of transient response of PID pressure
control loop on cascade position control of a pneumatic artificial muscle, Book of
Abstract of The 27th Benelux Meeting on Systems and Control, March 18-20,
2008, Heeze, The Netherlands, pp, 49.
X c nhn
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235
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236
L LCH HOA HC
1. L LCH S L C
H v t n: NG QUANG HIU Gi i t nh: Nam
Ng y th ng n m sinh: 30/06/1980 Ni sinh: Long An
Qu qu n: Long An D n t : Kinh, Tn gio: Khng
h li n l : N13/12 Khu I, HCT in tho i: 0949 103295
E-mail: nqhieu@ctu.edu.vn Trnh huy n m n o nht: Tin s
Ng h vi n h : Ging vi n Th m ni n ging d y: -n y ( n m)
2. QU TR NH O TO
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*T s:
Thi gi n o t o: 8 5-05/2007
Ni o t o: Asian Institute of Technology, Thailand
Chuy n ng nh o t o: Me h troni s (C in T)
T n lun v n: Design and control of an exoskeleton.
* T n s:
Thi gi n o t o: 3 8 02/2012
Ni o t o: Pusan National University, Korea
Chuy n ng nh o t o: Intelligent Control and Automation
T n lun n: Modeling and control of an offshore container crane
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2002-nay Kho C ng Ngh i h C n Th Ging vi n
237
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trong vi x y dng m t m hnh
n u n ng.
4.2 Sch v o tr nh u t n (lit k theo cc di y, nh du (+) vo
tng ng tc gi hoc ng tc gi): h .
1. Q. H. Ngo and K.-S. Hong Sliding-mode antisway control of an offshore
ont iner r ne IEEE/ASME Transaction on Mechatronics, to be appeared 2012.
ISSN: 1083-4435, SCI. DOI: 10.1109/TMECH.2010.2093907.
2. Q. H. Ngo and K.-S. Hong Skew ontrol of qu y ont iner r ne Journal of
Mechanical Science and Technology, Vol. 23, No. 12, pp. 3332-3339, 2009. ISSN:
1738-494X, SCI-E. DOI: 10.1007/s12206-009-1020-1.
3. Q. H. Ngo, K.-S. Hong nd I. H. Jung Ad ptive ontrol of n xi lly moving
system Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology, Vol. 23, No. 11, pp.
3071-3078, 2009. ISSN: 1738-494X, SCI-E. DOI: 10.1007/s12206-009-0912-4.
4. Q. H. Ngo, Y. Yu, E. H. Kim, I. G. Jang, and K.-S. Hong Orient tion ontrol
of r nes spre der: Appli tion on mobile h rbor Proceedings of International
Conference on Control, Automation and Systems, pp. 510-515, Seoul, Korea,
2011.
5. Q. H. Ngo, and K.-S. Hong Anti-sway control of an offshore container
r nes: Ship motions ompens tion Proceedings of IEEE/SICE International
Symposium on System Integration, Kyoto, Japan, 2011.
6. Q. C. Nguyen, Q. H. Ngo, and K.-S. Hong Tr nsverse vibr tion ontrol of
axially moving webs by regulation of axial tension Proceedings of the
International Conference on Control, Automation and Systems, pp. 1936-1940,
KINTEX, Korea, 2010.
7. Q. H. Ngo, Q. C. Nguyen, and K.-S. Hong Nonline r ontrol of n offshore
ont iner r ne Proceedings of the 10th International Conference on Motion and
Vibration Control, pp. 1C15.1-7, Tokyo, Japan, 2010.
8. Q. C. Nguyen, Q. H. Ngo, and K.-S. Hong Ad ptive ontrol for rewinding
process of a high-speed roll-to-roll system Proceedings of the 10th International
Conference on Motion and Vibration Control, pp. 2B11.1-9, Tokyo, Japan, 2010.
9. Z. M. C o Q. H. Ngo Q. C. Nguyen nd K. S. Hong Sw y ontrol of the
r ne mounted on ship with rolling motion International Conference on
Mechatronics and Information Technology, pp. 430-435, Gwangju, Korea, 2009.
238
10. Z. M. C o Q. H. Ngo Q. C. Nguyen nd K. S. Hong Modeling of ont iner
r ne for mobile h rbor Proceedings of the KSME 2009 Autumn Annual
Meeting, Busan, Korea, 2009.
11. K. S. Hong nd Q. H. Ngo Port Autom tion: Modeling nd ontrol of
ont iner r nes Proceedings of International Conference on Instrumentation,
Control and Automation, Bandung Insitute of Technology, Bandung, Indonesia,
October 2009. Plenary talk.
12. Q. H. Ngo Q. C. Nguyen nd K. S. Hong Ad ptive bound ry ontrol of an
xi lly moving string under the effe t of bound ry disturb n e Proceedings of
ICROS-SICE International Joint Conference, pp. 304-309, Fukuoka, Japan, 2009.
13. Q. C. Nguyen Q. H. Ngo nd K. S. Hong A tive vibr tion ontrol of n
axially moving be m using v rying velo ity method Proceedings of ICROS-
SICE International Joint Conference, pp. 287-292, Fukuoka, Japan, 2009.
14. Q. C. Nguyen Q. H. Ngo nd K. S. Hong Ad ptive ontrol of n xi lly
moving string under spatiotemporally varying tension vi hydr uli tu tor
Proceedings of ICROS-SICE International Joint Conference, pp. 293-297,
Fukuoka, Japan, 2009.
15. Q. H. Ngo nd K. S. Hong Ad ptive bound ry ontrol of n xi lly moving
string system: ppli tion to ont iner r nes Proceedings of IEEE
International Symposium on Industrial Electronics, pp. 2121-2125, Seoul, Korea,
2009.
16. Q. H. Ngo K. S. Hong K. H. Kim Y. J. Shin nd S. H. Choi Skew ontrol of
ont iner r ne Proceedings of International Conference on Control,
Automation and Systems, pp. 1490-1494, Seoul, Korea, 2008.
X c nhn
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2. QU TR NH O TO
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T n t i Lun v n b o nht: A New Methodology for Long-Term
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4.1 C c t n h n cu ho hc th :
T T n t n h n cu L nh N ho n t c p NN Tr ch nh
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v nhnh.
4.2 C c c n tr nh ho hc c n : t n c n tr nh n n c n
1. Sungrok Kang, Trungtinh Tran, Jaeseok Choi, Junmin Cha, Daeseok Rho, Roy
Billinton; The Best Choi e for Tr nsmission System Exp nsion Pl nning on the
Side of the Highest Reli bility Level KIEE Intern tion l Tr ns tions on Power
Engineering, Vol.4_A, 2004, pp:84-90
2. Jaeseok Choi, Trungtinh Tran, Sungrok Kang, Dongwook Park, Jaeyoung Yoon,
Seungil Moon Roy Billinton; Tie Line Constr ined Equivalent Assisting
Generator Model (TEAG) Considering Forced Outage Rates of Transmission
Systems KIEE Intern tion l Tr ns tions on Power Engineering Vol. _A
pp:91-99
3. Trungtinh Tran, Jaeseok Choi, Hyungchul Kim, Seungil Moon, Roy Billinton;
Development of Tie Line Constrained Equivalent Assisting Generator Model
(TEAG) for Reliability of NEAREST-III KIEE Intern tion l Tr ns tions on
Power Engineering, Vol.5-A, 2005, pp:31-39
4. Trungtinh Tran, Sungrok Kang, Jaeseok choi, Roy Billinton, A.A. El-Keib; A
Study on Transmission System Expansion Planning on the Side of Highest
Satisfaction Level of Decision Maker KIEE Intern tion l Tr ns tions on Power
Engineering, Vol.5-A, 2005, pp:46-55
5. Trungtinh Tran, Jaeseok Choi, DongHoon Jeon, JinBoo Chu, Robert Thomas,
Roy Billinton; A Study on Optimal Reliability Criterion Determination for
Transmission System Expansion Planning KIEE Intern tion l Tr ns tions on
Power Engineering, Vol.5-A, 2005, pp:62-69
6. Jaeseok Choi, A. A. El-Keib, Trungtinh Tran; A Fuzzy Branch and Bound-
Based Transmission System Expansion Planning for the Highest Satisfaction Level
of the Decision Maker IEEE Tr ns tion on Vol. Feb. 5 pp: 76-484
242
7. Jaeseok Choi, Trungtinh Tran, A.A. El-Keib, Robert Thomas, HyungSeon Oh,
Roy Billinton; A Method for Tr nsmission System Exp nsion Pl nning
Considering Prob bilisti Reli bility Criteri IEEE Tr ns tion on Vol.
August 2005, pp:1606-1615
8. Jungji Kwon, Jaeseok Choi, Trungtinh Tran, A.A. El-Keib, J. Watada;
Emissions Constrained Multi-Criteria-Best Generation Mix Using Fuzzy
Dynamic Programming Intern tion l Journ l of Innov tive Computing
Information and Control, Vol. 3, Feb, 2007, pp: 41-52
9. Trungtinh Tran, Jungji Kwon and Jaeseok Choi,
Donghun Jeon, Jinboo Choo, Kyoengnam Han nd Roy Billinton; A Test on
Probabilistic Reliability Evaluation of the Korea Power System International
Journal of Emerging Electric Power Systems, Vol.8, Issue 2, January 30, 2007
10. J. Choi, T. Tran, J. Kwon, R. Thomas, T. Mount
and R. Billinton, Nodal probabilistic production cost simulation considering
transmission system unavailabilty, IET Gener. Transm. Distrib., Vol. 1, pp. 3242,
1, 2008
11. Tr n Trun Tnh Nguyn Mu Cng Quy H h H Th ng Ph t in p
ng iu Kin CARBON DIOXIDE T p Ch Kho H C ng Ngh in L
s n m 5 tr ng: 7-35
12. Trungtinh Tran, Sungrok Kang, Kuenho Kim, Jihoon Lee, Jaeseok Choi;
Transmission System Expansion Planning Using Branch and Bound Pro eeding
of the KIEE Summer Annual Conference 2003, pp:46-49
13. Sungrok Kang, Trungtinh Tran, Jaeseok Choi, Donghoo Jeon, Seungpil Moon,
Jinboo Choo; Probabilistic Reliability Evaluation of Power System Using
TRELSS I Pro eeding of the KIEE PES Autumn Annu l Conferen e 3
pp:62-66
14. Trungtinh Tran, Sungrok Kang, Jaeseok Choi, Donghoo Jeon, Jinboo Choo;
Probabilistic Reliability Evaluation of Power System Using TRELSS II: Focused
on Case Studies of IEEE-RTS Proceeding of the KIEE PES Autumn Annual
Conference 2003, pp:67-70
15. S.R. Kang, K.H. Kim, T.T. Tinh, J.S. Choi, D.H. Jeon, Y.T. Lee, S.P. Moon, J.B.
Choo; A Study on Probabilistic Reliability Evaluation of Transmission System
Proceeding of the KIEE Summer Annual Conference 2003, pp:42-45.
16. Trungtinh Tran J eseok Choi Donghoon Jeon Jinboo Choo; A Study on
Optimal Reliability Criterion Determination of Transmission System Pro eding
of the KIEE Spring Annual Conference 2004, May 2004, pp:83-86.
17. Trungtinh Tran, Sangsik Lee, Jaeseok Choi, Donghoon Jeon, Honggyun Kim,
Jinboo Choo; Probabilistic Reliability Evaluation of Power System Using
TRELSS III Pro eding of the KIEE Spring Annu l Conferen e M y
pp:87-91.
243
18. D, Jeon, T. Kim, S. Cha, J. Choo, T. Tran S. Lee J. Choi; Probabilistic
Reliability Evaluation of Power System Using TRELSS IV- Case Study on KEPCO
System Pro eding of the KIEE Spring Annu l Conferen e M y
pp:92-96.
19. Jaeseok Choi, Trungtinh Tran, Jaeyoung Yoon, Dongwook Park, Seungil Moon;
Development of Tie Line Constrained Equivalent Assisting Generator Model
(TEAG) for Reliability Evaluation of NEAREST-III Pro eeding of the KIEE
Summer Annual Conference 2004, pp:7-10.
20. D. Jeon, T. Kim, S. Cha, J. Choo, T. Tran, S. Lee, J. Choi; Probabilistic
Reliability Evaluation of KEPCO System Using TRELSS V Pro eeding of the
KIEE Summer Annual Conference 2004, pp:11-14.
21. Sangsik Lee, Trungtinh Tran, Jaeseok Choi, D. Jeon, T. Kim, S. Cha, J. Choo;
A Study on Assessment of Forced Outage Rates for Reliability Evaluation of
Power System Pro eeding of the KIEE Summer Annu l Conferen e
pp:195-198.
22. H. Kim, T. Tran J. Choi D. Jeon J. Choo Y. Hur G. H n; Probabilistic
Reliability Evaluation of Power System Using TRELSS-VI: Case Study on
Transmission Line Planning Pro eeding of the KIEE PES Autumn Annu l
Conference 2004, pp:78-82.
23. T. Tran H. Kim J. Choi; Consideration of Ambiguities on Transmission System
Expansion Planning Using Fuzzy Set Theory Pro eeding of the KIEE PES
Autumn Annual Conference 2004, pp:261-265.
24. Jaeseok Choi, Trantrung Tinh, Hyungchul Kim, A.A. El-Keib, R. Thomas, R.
Billinton; A Basic Study on Composite Power System Expansion Planning
Considering Probabilistic Reliability Criteria Pro eeding of the KIEE PES
Autumn Annual Conference 2004, pp:297-300.
25. Trungtinh Tran Jungji Kwon J eseok Choi; A Study on Probabilistic Optimal
Reliability Criterion Determination in Transmission System Expansion Planning
Proceeding of the 36th the KIEE Summer Annual Conference 2005, July 2005,
pp:748-750.
26. Jungji Kwon, Trungtinh Tran J eseok Choi; A Basic Method for Composite
Power System Expansion Planning Under Security Criteria Pro eeding of the
36th the KIEE Summer Annual Conference 2005, July 2005, pp:557-559.
27. Sangsik Lee, Trungtinh Tran Jungji Kwon J eseok Choi; The Best Generation
Mix Considering CO2 Air Pollution Constraint Pro eeding of the 36th the KIEE
Summer Annual Conference 2005, July 2005, pp:149-151.
28. J.S. Choi, J.J. Kwon, T.T. Tran, J.Y. Yoon, D.W. Park, S.I. Moon, J.M. Cha;
Reliability Evaluation for Interconnecting the Power System in North East Asia
Proceeding of the KIEE PES Autumn Annual Conference 2005, pp:17-19.
29. J.S.Choi, J.J. Kwon, T.T. Tran, J.G. Park, Y.T. Yoon, D.H. Jeon, H.S. Choi, S.W.
K ng M.M. V im nn; Deterministic Reliability Evaluation of Korea Power
244
System by POM/OPM/BOR Pro eeding of the KIEE PES Autumn Annu l
30. J.S.Choi, J.J. Kwon, T.T. Tran, D.H. Jeon, Y.S. Park, H.S. Choi, Y.T. yoon, J.M.
Cha; A Comparison of Reliability Evaluation Tools for Power System
Operation Pro eeding of the KIEE PES Autumn Annu l Conferen e 5
pp:198-200.
31. T.T. Tran J.J. Kwon J.S.Choi D. H. Jeon Y.S. P rk G.N. H n; Sensitivity
Analysis of Probabilistic Reliability Evaluation of KEPCO System Using
TRELSS Pro eeding of the KIEE PES Autumn Annu l Conferen e 5
pp:234-236.
32. T.T. Tran J.J. Kwon J.S.Choi D. H. Jeon G.N. H n; Probabilistic Reliability
Evaluation for 765kV Transmission Lines of KEPCO Grid Expansion Planning
33. J.J. Kwon, T.T. Tran, S.H.Jeong, Shi Bo, J.S.Choi, J.M Cha, Y.T. Yoon, H.S.
Choi D. H. Jeon; A Study on Probabilistic Reliability Evaluation by Using PRA
34. J.S.Choi, T.T. Tran, J.J. Kwon, S.H.Jeong, Shi Bo, Timothy Mount, Robert
Thom s; A Basic on Relationship Between Reliability and Congestion Cost of
Composite Power System Pro eeding of the KIEE PES Autumn Annual
35. Trungtinh Tran J eseok Choi Seungil Moon Roy Billinton; Transmission
System Expansion Planning Using a Branch and Bound Approach Pro eeding of
the 3rd IASTED International Conference, Sept. 2003, pp:672-677.
36. Sungrok Kang, Trungtinh Tran, Jaeseok Choi, Junmin Ja, Daeseok Rho, Roy
Billinton; The Best Line Choice for Transmission System Expansion Planning on
the Side of the Highest Reliability Level Pro eding of IFAC Symposium on
Power Plants & Power Systems Control 2003, Sept. 2003, pp:299-304.
37. Trungtinh Tran, Sungrok Kang, Jaeseok Choi, Roy Billinton, A.A. El-Keib; A
Study on Transmission System Expansion Planning on the Side of Highest
Satisfaction Level of Decision Maker Pro eding of IFAC Symposium on Power
Plants & Power Systems Control 2003, Sept. 2003, pp:966-973.
38. Jaeseok Choi, Trungtinh Tran, Junzo Watada, A.A.El-Keib; Transmission
System Expansion Planning Case Study Considering Ambiguities Using Fuzzy Set
Theory Intern tion l Workshop of Fuzzy Systems & Innovational Computing
(FIC2004), June 2004, pp:415-419.
39. T.T. Tran, J.S. Choi, J.K. Park, S.I. Moon, A.A. El-Keib; A Fuzzy Branch and
Bound-Based Transmission System Expansion Planning Considering
Ambiguities IEEE Power Engineering So iety General Meeting, June 2004.
40. J.S. Choi, T.T. Tran S.R. K ng D.H. Jeon C.H. Lee R. Billinton; A Study on
the Optimal Reliability Criteria Decision for a Transmission System Expansion
Planning IEEE Power Engineering So iety Gener l Meeting June .
245
41. J.S. Choi, T.T. Tran S.I. Moon D.W. P rk J.Y. Yoon R. Billinton; Tie Line
Equivalent Constrained Assisting Generator Model (TEAG) Considering Forced
Outage Rates of Transmission System II IEEE Power Engineering So iety
General Meeting, June 2004.
42. Trungtinh Tran J eseok Choi D.H. Jeon J.B. Chu R. Thom s R. Billinton; A
Study on Optimal Reliability Criterion Determination for Transmission System
Expansion Planning Pro eeding for ICEE Intern tion l Conferen e on
Electrical Engineering 2004, July 2004.
43. Jaeseok Choi, Trungtinh Tran, S.I. Moon, D.W. Park, J.Y. Yoon, M. Fotuhi-
Firuz bed R. Billinton; A Study on reliability Evaluation of Interconnected
Power System Considering Forced Outage Rates of Transmission System
Proceeding for ICEE2004, International Conference on Electrical Engineering
2004, July 2004.
44. T. Tran J. Choi D. Jeon J. Choo R. Billinton; Sensitivity An lysis of
Prob bilisti Reli bility Ev lu tion of IEEE MRTS Using TRELSS 8th
International Conference on Probabilistic Methods Applied to Power Systems,
Sept. 2004.
45. Trungtinh Tran, Jaeseok Choi, A.A. El-Keib; Two Studies on Grid Expansion
Planning CCECE 5 M y 5 pp: 5 9-1554.
46. J.S. Choi, T. Tran, A.A. El-Keib R. Thom s R. Billinton; A Basic Method for
Composite Power System Expansion Planning Considering Probabilistic
Reliability Criteria CCECE 5 M y 5 pp: 88-493.
47. Jaeseok Choi, Trungtinh Tran, A.A. El-Keib R. Thom s H. Oh R. Billinton; A
Method for Composite Power System Expansion Planning Considering
Probabilistic Reliability Criteria IEEE Power Engineering So iety Gener l
Meeting, June 2005.
48. T. Tran H. Kim J. Choi G. H n D. Jeon J. Choo; Reliability Evaluation of
KEPCO System Using TRELSS IEEE Power Engineering So iety Gener l
Meeting, June 2005.
49. Trungtinh Tran J eseok Choi R. Thom s; Determination of Construction
Priority of Transmission Lines Based on Probabilistic reliability Evaluation
IEEE Power Engineering Society General Meeting, June 2005.
50. Jaeseok Choi, Trungtinh Tran, Jungji Kwon, Sangsik Lee, A.A. El-Keib; The
Air Pollution Constraints Considered Best Generation Mix Using Fuzzy Linear
Programming KES 5 9th International Conference on Knowledge-Based &
Intelligent Information & Engineering Systems, Sept. 2005.
51. Trungtinh Tran, Jungji Kwon, Jaeseok Choi, Donghun Jeon, Gyoungnam Han,
R. Billinton; Sensitivity Analysis of Probabilistic Reliability Evaluation of Korea
Power System IEEE Power Engineering So iety Gener l Meeting June 6.
52. J.S. Choi, T. Tran, J.J. Kwon, D.W. Park, J.Y. Yoon, S.I. Moon, J.M. Cha, R.
Billinton; Probabilistic Reliability Evaluation for Interconnecting the Power
246
Systems in North East Asia IEEE Power Engineering So iety Gener l Meeting
June 2006.
53. Trungtinh Tran, Jungji Kwon, Changheon Jea, Sangheon Jeong, Bo Shi, Jaeseok
Choi Donghun Jeon Kyoungn m H n; Sensitivity Analysis of Probabilistic
Reliability Evaluation of KEPCO System Using TRELSS Pro eeding for
ICEE2006, International Conference on Electrical Engineering 2006, July 2006.
54. J.S. Choi, T. Tran, J.J. Kwon, S.H. Jeong, Bo Shi, A. A. El-Keib, D.W. Park, J.Y.
Yoon S.I. Moon J.M. Ch ; Reliability Evaluation for North East Asia Region
Electric Systems Tied Pro eeding for ICEE 6 Intern tion l Conferen e on
55. J.S. Choi, J.J. Kwon, T.T. Tran, S.H. Jeong, D.H. Jeon, H.S. Choi, Y.T. Yoon,
J.M. Ch ; A Comparison of Reliability Evaluation Tools Developed for Power
System Operation Pro eeding for ICEE 6 Intern tion l Conferen e on
56. Trungtinh Tran, Jungji Kwon, Jaeseok Choi, Donghun Jeon, Kyoungnam Han;
Sensitivity Analysis of Probabilistic Reliability Evaluation of KEPCO System
Using TRELSS 9th International Conference on Probabilistic Methods Applied to
Power Systems, June 2006.
57. Trungtinh Tran, Jungji Kwon, Jaeseok Choi, Donghun Jeon, Kyoungnam Han;
Probabilistic Reliability Evaluation for 765kV Transmission Lines in KEPCO
Grid Expansion Planning 9th International Conference on Probabilistic Methods
Applied to Power Systems, June 2006.
58. J.S. Choi, T. Tran, J.J. Kwon, D.W. Park, J.Y. Yoon, S.I. moon, J.M. Cha, R.
Billinton; Probabilistic reliability Based Tie Line Capacity for Interconnecting
Power Systems of South Korea, North Korea and Far East Russia 9th
International Conference on Probabilistic Methods Applied to Power Systems,
June 2006.
59. Jaeseok Choi, Jungji Kwon, Trungtinh Tran, A.A. El-Keib Junzo W t d ; Best
Generation Mix Considering Air Pollution Constraints with Multi-Criteria by
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Jeon, Kyoungnam Han, A.A. El-Keib; An Analysis of Transmission Congestion
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Keib; Comparison Of Fuzzy Set Theory And Probabilistic Reliability Approaches
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Mount Robert Thom s; A Basic Study On Relationship Between Reliability And
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Application of Fuzzy Set Theory to Transmission System Expansion Planning
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PH LC III: CC BI BO KHOA HC CHNH CA CN B C HU
PAPER www.rsc.org/pccp | Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics
Structure and stability of aluminium doped lithium clusters

(LinAl0/+, n = 18): a case of the phenomenological shell modelw
Truong Ba Tai,a Pham Vu Nhata and Minh Tho Nguyen*ab
Received 22nd February 2010, Accepted 9th June 2010
DOI: 10.1039/c003401k
Quantum chemical calculations are performed on the aluminium doped lithium clusters LinAl at
Downloaded by National Taiwan University of Science and Technology on 26 May 2011
both neutral and cationic states using the DFT/B3LYP and CCSD(T) methods in conjugation
with the aug-cc-pVaZ (a = D,T,Q) basis sets. The global minima are located and the growth
Published on 02 August 2010 on http://pubs.rsc.org | doi:10.1039/C003401K
mechanism is established. The electronic structure, geometrical parameters and energetic

properties, such as average binding energy Eb, second dierence of energy D2E, adiabatic and
vertical ionization energy, and dissociated enthalpy, are evaluated using the coupled-cluster
CCSD(T) method, whose energies are extrapolated to the complete basis set limit (CBS).
The high stability of Li5Al, Li7Al, Li6Al+ and Li8Al+ that have the magic numbers
of valence electrons, can be understood using the phenomenological shell model.
Introduction called the magic numbers. However, it is known that the

simple PSM is not consistent with some highly stable binary
Clusters of the elements continue to attract the attention of clusters whose number of valence electrons does not correspond
scientists, experimental and theoretical alike, in part due to the to these magic numbers, such as the case of K8Zn7 and
fact that they are genuine intermediates between the atoms Na6Pb8. A modied (Wood-Saxon) potential was subsequently
and bulk materials. The electronic structure, and thereby introduced as an extended model to account for the behavior
physical and chemical properties, of the clusters can be of these cases.9,10 According to this modied model, the
signicantly dierent from not only those of bulk materials, dopant induces a perturbation and the ordering of the single
but also from each other, depending on their actual size. One particle energy levels is changed either to (1S2 1P6 2S2 1D10 2P6)
of the advantages of quantum chemical studies of small if the impurity is more electronegative than the host atoms, or
clusters is that they can be treated on the same footing as to (1S2 1P6 1D10 2S2 1F16 2P6) if the central dopant is less
gas phase species by the same methods. However, similar to electronegative than the host atoms. In this context, a legitimate
the situation in other elds, it is not always straightforward to question is whether the PSM can be applied to the binary
understand the calculated results, which often need to be clusters that include alkali metals. To tackle this question, we
interpreted with the help of some simpler theoretical models. set out to perform a systematic investigation of the aluminium
In this regard, the phenomenological shell model (PSM) which doped lithium clusters LinAl (n = 18) in both neutral and
was proposed by Knight and co-workers in 19841 has been cationic states.
proven to be a simple but eective model to interpret the The aluminium-lithium clusters have received much attention.
stability pattern and electronic structure of simple metal Cheng et al.11 investigated the energetics and structures of
clusters.24 Similar to the spherical jellium model (SJM),5 the LinAl (n = 18) and AlLi17 using a local spin density functional
PSM valence electrons are assumed to be freely itinerant in a method in conjunction with nonlocal pseudo-potentials. These
simple mean-eld potential that is formed by the nuclei of authors found that Li5Al is an especially stable species and
atoms. A fundamental dierence between the SJM and PSM is plays the role of a building block for the LinAl clusters.
that while the many-body problem of the valence electrons in Motivated by this idea, larger binary systems with the number
the SJM is treated self-consistently by quantum chemical of Al atoms up to eleven, such as Li10Aln (n = 1 and 2),12
methods, the PSM considers only the possible states of a Li10Al8,13 AlNLiN (N = 16, 10),14 and AlnLin (n = 111),15
single electron conned in a potential well of a given shape.6 were extensively studied. However, most previous reports
Accordingly, the high stability of a metal cluster is achieved if focused on the geometrical structures and energetic properties
its electronic shell or sub-shells are closed, and the number of of clusters, whereas the electronic structures that play an
valence electrons corresponds to a shell closing, such as important role for the stability and properties of clusters were
2 (1S2), 8 (1S2 1P6), 20 (1S2 1P6 1D10 2S2), etc., which are not fully understood. In addition, the lack of vibrational
analyses of the structures led to the fact that the location of
a
Department of Chemistry, and LMCC-Mathematical Modeling and the global minima was not properly performed. Moreover,
Computational Science Center, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven,
B-3001 Leuven, Belgium. E-mail: minh.nguyen@chem.kuleuven.be according to our best knowledge, no earlier theoretical
b
Institute for Computational Science and Technology of HoChiMinh investigation is available on the cationic clusters LinAl+. In
City, Thu Duc, HoChiMinh City, Vietnam the present work, we search for the global minima of the
w Electronic supplementary information (ESI) available: Tables list clusters LinAl0/+, and probe the growth mechanism of the
the total electronic energies, zero-point energies and Cartesian
coordinates of the structures considered. Figures display the molecular neutral LinAl. The stability pattern of these clusters is further
orbitals. See DOI: 10.1039/c003401k interpreted using the phenomenological shell model (PSM).
This journal is c the Owner Societies 2010 Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 2010, 12, 1147711486 11477 250
View Online
Computational methods theory with the hybrid functional B3LYP,1820 in conjunction

with the correlation consistent aug-cc-pVTZ basis set.
All electronic structure calculations are carried out using To obtain more accurate results, the geometries, vibrational
the Gaussian 0316 and Molpro 200817 program packages. frequencies and energies of the lowest-lying isomers are
Equilibrium geometries and harmonic vibrational frequencies subsequently rened using the restricted/unrestricted
of clusters are fully investigated using density functional coupled-cluster theory formalism (R/UCCSD(T))2124 with
Fig. 1 Shape of the optimized structures for the neutral LinAl (n = 15). Relative energies (DE, kcal mol1) are obtained from B3LYP/aug-cc-
pVTZ (in parentheses) and CCSD(T)/aug-cc-pVTZ (in brackets) calculations. All values are corrected for ZPEs. NImag stands for the number of
imaginary frequencies.
11478 Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 2010, 12, 1147711486 This journal is c the Owner Societies 2010 251
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the aug-cc-pVaZ (a = D,T,Q) basis sets. The coupled- Results and discussion
cluster energies are then extrapolated to the complete basis
set (CBS). The procedures for evaluating these energies are Global minima and growth mechanism of the neutral LinAl
given in detail in recent papers.2527 The natural bond orbitals In this section, we mainly focus on the neutral clusters LinAl
(NBO)2830 are constructed using B3LYP/6-311+G(d) with n ranging from 1 to 8. The structural shape of the lower-
densities. An analysis of the electron localizability indicator lying isomers, together their relative energy (kcal mol1) and
(ELI-D)31 is also performed to understand the nature of the associated number of imaginary frequencies are depicted in
chemical bonding. Similar to the electron localization function Fig. 1 and 2. As for a necessary calibration, geometrical
(ELF), the ELI-D and its orbital decomposition32 are parameters, total energies and vertical ionization energies
proven to be an eective tool to study the chemical bonding (vIE) of the small clusters, n = 15, are obtained using
in organic compounds as well as in transition metal CCSD(T) calculations, in conjugation with the aug-cc-pVaZ,
compounds.33 The ELI-D is dened as the integral of the with a = D,T,Q. The electronic energies are subsequently
electron density over micro-cell containing the same fraction extrapolated to the complete basis set limits.36 The calculated
of same-spin electron pairs. It can be considered to be a results are presented in Table 1. It turns out that while the
product of the pair volume function and the electron density, CCSD(T)/aug-cc-pVDZ values are rather unsatisfactory, there
and is a sum of orbital densities in the case of single are small dierences between the calculated results using the
determinant wave functions. Thus, ELI-D can be decomposed aug-cc-pVTZ, and aug-cc-pVQZ basis sets, with respect to the
into molecular orbital contributions that are called the CBS values. The vIEs determined using these basis sets vary
partial electron localizability indicator (pELI).32 The ELI-D only in the range of 0.010.04 eV. Therefore, for the larger
values are calculated using the DGrid-4.2 program suite34 clusters, LinAl (n = 68), the calculations are performed using
and the ELI isosurfaces are plotted using the Gopenmol only the CCSD(T)/aug-cc-pVTZ levels, due to the limitation
software.35 of our computational resources.
Fig. 2 Shape of the optimized structures for the neutral LinAl (n = 68). Relative energies (DE, kcal mol1) are obtained from B3LYP/aug-cc-pVTZ
(in parentheses) and CCSD(T)/aug-cc-pVTZ (in brackets) calculations. All values are corrected for ZPEs. NImag stands for the number of imaginary
frequencies.
View Online
Table 1 Geometrical parameters and vertical ionization energies (vIEs) hybridization. Consequently, chemical bonds that are formed by
of small clusters LinAl (n = 15) using the CCSD(T)/aug-cc-pVaZ overlap of these hybridized orbitals and s-orbital of Li atoms, are
(a = D, T, Q) levels of theory
located mainly on the Al center. The natural charge populations
Methods rAlLi/A rAlLi 0 /A (LiAlLi) vIEs/ reveal a high ionic character of Li3Al-II, with a strongly negative
(degree) eV net charge on Al (q(Al) = 1.7 electron), whereas more covalent
1 +
LiAl ( S ) character is found in Li3Al-I (q(Al) = 1.05, q(Li1,2) = 0.45 and
CCSD(T)/aug-cc-pVDZ 2.886 5.14 q(Li3) = 0.14 electron). Thus the singlet Li3Al-I can be
CCSD(T)/aug-cc-pVTZ 2.898 5.21 considered as a combination of a triangle Li2Al and Li atom.
CCSD(T)/aug-cc-pVQZ 2.866 5.23
CCSD(T)/CBS 5.25 The form Li3Al-IV is a second-order saddle-point.
It is remarkable to note that the appearance of the rst 3D
Li2Al (C2v, 2B2) global minimum in the series of LinAl is already found for
CCSD(T)/aug-cc-pVDZ 2.555 75.5 5.83 Li4Al. Various structures for Li4Al are constructed by binding
CCSD(T)/aug-cc-pVTZ 2.898 60.0 5.23 one Li atom to the low-lying Li3Al isomers. A high symmetry
CCSD(T)/aug-cc-pVQZ 2.860 60.4 5.27 planar form, Li4Al-III (D4h, 2A2u), turns out to be a transition
CCSD(T)/CBS 5.31
structure for a JahnTeller eect. Consequently, two lower
Li3Al (C2v, 1A1) symmetry forms, Li4Al-I (C2v, 2B2) and Li4Al-II (C4v, 2A1), are
CCSD(T)/aug-cc-pVDZ 2.696 2.838 133.8 5.19 obtained as equilibrium structures. At the CCSD(T)/aug-cc-pVTZ
CCSD(T)/aug-cc-pVTZ 2.761 2.904 131.4 5.20 level, Li4Al-I is the global minimum, whereas Li4Al-II is the
CCSD(T)/aug-cc-pVQZ 2.722 2.851 133.7 5.23 next isomer with a relative energy of 6.0 kcal mol1. These
CCSD(T)/CBS 5.25
predictions are also consistent with the PSM in that the system
Li4Al (C2v, 2B2) Li4Al contains seven valence electrons, and its seventh valence
electron singly occupies a Pz orbital in the shell of 1S2 1P5
CCSD(T)/aug-cc-pVDZ 2.662 2.699 62.2 5.01
CCSD(T)/aug-cc-pVTZ 2.785 2.727 62.1 4.93 (1Px2 1Py2 1Pz1). Consequently, the global minimum of the
CCSD(T)/aug-cc-pVQZ 2.743 2.692 62.1 4.96 Li4Al possesses a 3D structure. Other stationary structures are
CCSD(T)/CBS 4.98 also located and displayed in Fig. 1.
Li5Al (C4v, 1A1) In agreement with an earlier report,11 the structure Li5Al-I
CCSD(T)/aug-cc-pVDZ 2.596 2.766 130.9 5.06 (C4v, 1A1), in which the 5th Li atom connects directly with Al
CCSD(T)/aug-cc-pVTZ 2.662 2.873 129.9 5.03 of Li4Al-II, is the most stable isomer of the six-atom system.
CCSD(T)/aug-cc-pVQZ 2.638 2.818 130.7 5.02
CCSD(T)/CBS 5.02
The high spin Li5Al-II (Cs, 3A 0 ) is the second lowest-lying
isomer, being 16.8 kcal mol1 higher in energy. Various
structures are equally constructed for Li5Al but their
The diatomic LiAl has a low spin ground state (1S+) geometries are invariably converged to the C4v structure and
(Fig. 1) with singlettriplet separation gap of 5.0 kcal mol1. no other structure can thus be located.
Adding one Li atom to LiAl, four stationary structures are The lower-lying isomers and also the growth mechanism for
obtained for Li2Al, including a bent form Li2Al-I (C2v, 2B2), a the larger clusters, LinAl with n = 68, are examined and the
linear saddle-point Li2Al-II, and a slightly bent Li2Al-III results are summarized in Fig. 2. The high symmetry structure
(C2v, 2A1), and a linear structure Li2Al-IV with a LiLiAl Li6Al-III (Oh, 2A2g) is found to be a high-order saddle point
connectivity. The structure Li2Al-I, whose SOMO is a bonding with three imaginary frequencies. The low symmetry Li6Al-I
s-orbital (b2), is the most stable isomer, whereas its counterpart (Cs, 2A 0 ), which is distorted from the higher symmetry Oh
Li2Al-III (C2v, 2A1), whose SOMO is a non-bonding orbital form, and the doublet Li6Al-II (C5v, 2A1) are close in energy
mainly composed of 3p-orbital of Al, is found to be the with a small dierence of 1.5 kcal mol1.
rst excited state with an energy gap of 2.9 kcal mol1 Various Li7Al structures are constructed by binding one
(CCSD(T)/aug-cc-pVTZ). The linear Li2Al-II is a transition excess Li atom to the low-lying isomers Li6Al at dierent
structure that is 3.2 kcal mol1 above Li2Al-I. positions (Fig. 2). Three low-energy structures are located,
Binding one additional Li atom to the Al atom of the global including (i) Li7Al-I (Cs) in which Li is connected directly
minimum, Li2Al-I, gives rise to three Li3Al structures, including with Al of the neutral Li6Al-I, (ii) Li7Al-II in which a Li is
the planar Li3Al-I (C2v), the high symmetry Li3Al-II(D3h) and absorbed on a Li3 surface of the Li6Al-I, and (iii) Li7Al-III
the three-dimensional form Li3Al-III(C3v) in which the Al where one Li simply binds to Al of Li6Al-II. According to our
atom was located on the C3 axis of the triangular Li3. In an CCSD(T)/aug-cc-pVTZ results, these structures are quasi-
earlier report, Cheng et al.11 showed that the high spin Li3Al-III degenerate with a similar energy content. High symmetry
(C3v, 3A1 0 ) is the most stable isomer for the neutral Li3Al. At structures such as Li7Al-IV (D5h), Li7AlV (C3v) and Li7Al-VI
the high accuracy CCSD(T) method, we nd that the low spin (C2v) turn out to be saddle points, with each having at least
Li3Al-I (C2v, 1A1) is the global minimum, being 1.5 kcal mol1 one imaginary frequency.
more stable than the high spin Li3Al-III (C3v, 3A1 0 ). The The addition of one excess Li atom to the lower-lying Li7Al
singlet Li3Al-II (D3h, 1A1 0 ) is also a stable isomer, being isomers gives rise to two degenerate structures for the neutral
7.3 kcal mol1 less table than the rst. A question arises as Li8Al, including Li8Al-I (C2v), in which Al possesses an eight
to why the perfect triangle Li3Al-II is less stable than the coordination state, and Li8Al-II (Cs), in which Al has seven
Li3Al-I. In Li3Al-II, the Al center has the valence orbital coordinates. Our calculated results show that both structures
occupation of Al 2s0.33 2p 0.67 which corresponds to a sp2 are practically degenerate.
View Online
In summary, the small clusters LinAl (n = 18) considered The global minima of the cationic clusters LinAl+ (n = 18)
tend to be constructed by binding the additional lithium
atom to the lowest-lying isomer of the smaller system Lin1Al. Cationic structures LinAl+ are generated from the located
The growth motif dominantly prefers to increase the neutral LinAl structures, and the obtained geometries are
coordination state of the Al impurity when the number of Li summarized in Fig. 3.
atoms is n r 6. Compared to the similar system LinB Following detachment of one electron from the HOMO of
(n = 18),37 the global minima of the LinAl clusters tend to LiAl (1S+), the low spin LiAl+ (2S+) becomes the global
be more opened. While the boron impurity of the LinB system minimum of the diatomic ion. Although the structure Li2Al-IIc
usually occupies a central position in lithium cage giving high (C2v, 1A1) is still located as a local minimum, the linear Li2Al-Ic
symmetry structures, such as Li3B (D3h), Li4B (D2d), (1S+ +
g ) becomes the global minimum for Li2Al , with a relative
Li6B (Oh), Li7B (D5h) and Li8B (C3v), the aluminium impurity energy of 17.3 kcal mol1 (B3LYP/aug-cc-pVTZ). For
appears to favor the opened structures, which can be Li3Al+, the doublet Li3Al-Ic (C2v, 2B2), which is a distorted
understood by the larger size of Al, as compared to that of form of the vertical ion of Li3Al-II (D3h) under a JahnTeller
B. The LinAl also show many dierences in terms of structures eect, is the lowest-lying isomer. Its distorted counterpart
as compared with the LinGe systems that have been detected Li3Al-IIc (C2v, 2A1) is a transition structure with one imaginary
experimentally by using mass spectrometric techniques.38 frequency.
Fig. 3 Shape of the optimized structures for the cationic clusters LinAl+ (n = 18). Relative energies (DE, kcal mol1) are from B3LYP/aug-cc-pVTZ
(in parentheses) and CCSD(T)/aug-cc-pVTZ (in brackets) calculations. All values are corrected for ZPEs. NImag stands for the number of imaginary
frequencies.
View Online
It is interesting to note that while the global minimum

Li4Al-I (C2v, 2B2) possesses the 3D structure, its cationic state
prefers a planar shape, Li4Al-Ic (D4h, 1A1g). This is consistent
with the PSM that the six valence electrons of Li4Al+ fully
occupied three valence orbitals of the PSM (1S2 1Px2 1Py2),
and thereby close the electron shells.
Removal of one electron from the degenerate HOMO of
Li5Al-I leads to a geometrical distortion under a JahnTeller
eect. Consequently, the low symmetry structure Li5Al-IIc
(Cs, 2A 0 ) is found to be the ion global minimum, while the
distorted counterpart Li5Al-Ic (C4v, 2A1) is now a second-
order saddle-point (with two imaginary frequencies). According

to the PSM, the cationic cluster Li6Al+, which contains eight
valence electrons, is expected to be a highly stable species.

Our calculated results show, in fact, that the global minimum
of Li6Al+ has a perfect octahedral structure, Li6Al-Ic
(Oh, 1A1g) (Fig. 3). The adiabatic ionization energy (IE) of
Li6Al obtained from energy dierence between the neutral Fig. 4 Second dierence in energy of the LinAl clusters (n = 18) at
Li6Al-I (Cs, 2A 0 ) and the cation Li6Al-Ic (Oh, 1A1g) amounts to both neutral and cationic states using the CCSD(T)/aug-cc-pVTZ
3.59 eV, which represents the smallest value as compared to values.
those obtained for the remaining examined members of the
series LinAl. Additionally, its HOMOLUMO energy gap of energies, Eb, and the second order dierences, D2E, of the
2.45 eV corresponds to the highest value. Thus, these results clusters considered are schematically illustrated in Fig. 4 and
support the view that this cation is a highly stable system. 5, respectively. It is observed that the average binding energy,
There is a competition in the growth motif for the larger Eb, in both two states considered increases with an increasing
cationic clusters, LinAl+ with n = 7 and 8. Firstly, the size of lithium number, and forms peaks at the neutral Li5Al
additional Li atom binds directly to Al of the Lin1Al+ and and the cation Li6Al+. Then they have a tendency to decrease
thereby forms spherical-like structures, such as Li7Al-Ic, somewhat when the number of Li atoms increases up to eight.
Li7Al-IIIc, and Li8Al-IIIc. The second motif is a Li absorption As expected, an odd-even oscillation is found for the plots
on a (LiLiLi) face to make oblate structures such as Li7Al-IIc of the second order dierence of clusters LinAl (Fig. 4).
and Li8Al-Ic. According to our calculated results, the three Consistent with the results of the average binding energy,
structures Li7Al-Ic, Li7Al-IIc and Li7Al-IIIc are energetically the remarkably high values that were observed for the Li5Al
quasi-degenerate, and become the lowest-lying isomers of the and the Li6Al+ emphasize their higher stability with respect to
Li7Al+ (Fig. 3). For Li8Al+, both structures Li8Al-Ic and the remaining species.
Li8Al-IIc are also almost degenerate, and are B5 kcal mol1
more stable than the singlet Li8Al-IIIc. HOMOLUMO gaps and ionization energies (IEs)
The HOMOLUMO gaps and ionization energies can also be
Energetic properties regarded as measures of stability. A large gap suggests a
The relative stabilities of the clusters LinAl in both neutral and relatively high stability, whereas a small IE reveals that the
cationic states are examined on the basis of the average
binding energy (Eb) and the second order dierence in the
total energies (D2E) which are dened as follows:
Eb (LinAl) = [nE(Li)+E(Al) E(LinAl)]/(n + 1) (1)

+ +
Eb (LinAl ) = [(n 1)E(Li) + E(Li )
+ E(Al) E(LinAl)]/(n + 1) (2)
D2E(LinAl) = E(Lin1Al) + E(Lin+1Al) 2E(LinAl) (3)
D2E(LinAl+) = E(Lin1Al+) + E(Lin+1Al+)

2E(LinAl+) (4)
The second order dierence in total energy, D2E, of the LinAl

is calculated as energy dierence between two dissociation
processes, namely, Lin+1Al - LinAl + Li and LinAl -
Lin1Al + Li. Consequently, it reects the relative stability
of LinAl as compared to that of its two immediate neighbors,
Lin+1Al and Lin1Al. A high value of D2E indicates that this Fig. 5 Average binding energy of the LinAl clusters (n = 18) at both
species has a high relative stability. The average binding neutral and cationic states using the CCSD(T)/aug-cc-pVTZ values.
View Online
Table 2 The HOMOLUMO (SOMOLUMO for open-shell species) gaps (eV) of the LinAl0/+ calculated at the B3LYP/6-311+G(d) level
Neutrals HOMOLUMO gap/eV Cations HOMOLUMO gap/eV

1 + 2 +
LiAl ( S ) 1.62 LiAl ( S ) 2.24
Li2Al-I (C2v, 2B2) 1.73 Li2Al-IIc (1S+) 2.34
Li3Al-I (C2v, 1A1) 1.69 Li3Al-Ic (C2v, 2B2) 1.93
Li4Al-I (C2v, 2A1) 1.56 Li4Al-IIIc (D4h, 1A1 0 ) 2.11
Li5Al-I (C4v, 1A1) 2.03 Li5Al-IIc (Cs, 2A 0 ) 1.71
Li6Al-I (C1, 2A) 1.00 Li6Al-IIIc (Oh, 1A1g) 2.45
Li7Al-I (Cs, 1A 0 ) 1.23 Li7Al-IVc (C3v, 2A1) 1.04
Li8Al-I (C2v, 2A1) 1.02 Li8Al-IIIc (C3v, 1A1) 1.90
Table 3 The adiabatic (IEs) and vertical ionization (vIE) energies (eV) of LinAl (n = 18) using the CCSD(T)/aug-cc-pVTZ (CBS) levels of theory
Reactions IE/eV Reactions vIE/eV

LiAl (1S+) 1e - LiAl (2S+) 5.19 (5.23)a LiAl (1S+) 1e - LiAl (2S+) 5.21
Li2Al-I (C2v, 2B2) 1e - Li2Al-Ic (1S+) 4.30 (4.29) Li2Al-I (C2v, 2B2) 1e - Li2Al (C2v, 1A1) 5.23
Li3Al-I (C2v, 1A1) 1e - Li3Al-Ic (C2v, 2B2) 4.51 (4.52) Li3Al-I (C2v, 1A1) 1e - Li3Al (C2v, 2B2) 5.20
Li4Al-I (C2v, 2A1) 1e - Li4Al-Ic (D4h, 1A1g) 4.27 (4.28) Li4Al-I (C2v, 2A1) 1e - Li4Al (C2v, 1A1) 5.20
Li5Al-I (C4v, 1A1) 1e - Li5Al-IIc (Cs, 2A 0 ) 4.63 (4.66) Li5Al-I (C4v, 1A1) 1e - Li5Al (C4v, 2A1) 5.03
Li6Al-I (C1, 2A) 1e - Li6Al-Ic (Oh, 1A1g) 3.59 Li6Al-I (C1, 2A) 1e - Li6Al (C1, 1A) 3.87
Li7Al-I (Cs, 1A 0 ) 1e - Li7Al-IIc (C3v, 2A1) 3.96 Li7Al-I (Cs, 1A 0 ) 1e - Li7Al (Cs, 2A 0 ) 4.83
Li8Al-I (C2v, 2A1) 1e - Li8Al-Ic (C3v, 1A1) 3.61 Li8Al-I (C2v, 2A1) 1e - Li8Al (C2v, 1A1) 3.90
a
Values given in parentheses are obtained using the extrapolated CCSD(T)/CBS energies.
corresponding cation is a more stable isomer. The frontier Table 4 Dissociation enthalpies (kcal mol1) of the clusters LinAl
orbital gaps of the neutral clusters LinAl (Table 2) show a using the CCSD(T)/aug-cc-pVTZ+ZPE level
remarkably large value at Li5Al, while the largest value of Neutral clusters LinAl - Lin1Al + Li LinAl - Lin2Al + Li2
LinAl+ is found at Li6Al+. 1 +
LiAl ( S ) 22.9
There is a large dierence between the adiabatic IE and vIE
Li2Al-I (C2v, 2B2) 27.3 26.9
values (Table 3), which can be understood from the important Li3Al-I (C2v, 1A1) 33.0 37.0
geometry dierences of the global minima in both neutral and Li4Al-I (C2v, 2A1) 35.8 45.4
cationic states. In addition, the systems where the shells are Li5Al-I (C4v, 1A1) 41.9 54.4
Li6Al-I (C1, 2A) 24.0 42.6
closed, such as Li5Al, Li7Al, show high IE values, whereas the Li7Al-I (Cs, 1A 0 ) 28.9 29.5
Li6Al and Li8Al clusters are characterized by the smallest IEs. Li8Al-I (C2v, 2A1) 24.7 30.3
As a consequence, consistent with the results of D2E, Eb and
HOMOLUMO gaps, the neutral Li5Al and Li7Al, and also
one fragment Lin1Al is endothermic by the smallest energy.
the cations Li6Al+ and Li8Al+ are expected to exhibit high
Except for Li2Al+, the dissociation reaction of LinAl+ giving
relative stability.
one Li atom plus a radical Lin1Al+ is consistently more
Dissociation energies favorable than that giving Li+ plus the fragment Lin1Al. The
neutral Li5Al and the cation Li6Al+ emerge to have the largest
To probe further the thermodynamic stability of the clusters, values of dissociation energy as compared to their neighbors,
we examine their dissociation energies. For the neutral which is consistent with their high stability detected above
clusters, the reaction energies for the channels: from other properties.
LinAl - Lin1Al + Li
Aromaticity and electron localizability indicator (ELI) of high
stability structures
LinAl - Lin + Al
The concept of aromaticity is now extensively applied to metal
LinAl - Lin2Al + Li2 clusters.39 Aromatic metal clusters usually possess high
symmetry structures and good electron delocalization.
are considered and the calculated results are summarized in Alexandrova et al.40 suggested that the pure lithium clusters
Table 4. For the cationic clusters, LinAl+, two dissociation Lin (n = 57) are aromatic systems from an analysis of their
channels: molecular orbitals. The aromaticity of lithium and aluminium
LinAl+ - Lin1Al+ + Li based complexes were recently examined by Pati and his
co-workers.41 Thus, a question arises as to whether the
LinAl+ - Lin1Al + Li+ aluminium doped lithium clusters are also aromatic. The
highly stable clusters Li5Al, Li6Al+, Li7Al and Li8Al+ turn
are examined and the results are tabulated in Table 5. out to possess high symmetry structures. We rst perform an
From the plots of all channels in Fig. 6, it can be seen that evaluation of aromaticity of these clusters by using the nucleus
decomposition of the neutral LinAl to give one Li atom plus independent chemical shifts (NICS) index, which is based on
View Online
Table 5 Dissociation enthalpies (kcal mol1) of the cationic clusters LinAl+ using the CCSD(T)/aug-cc-pVTZ+ZPE level
Cationic clusters Lin1Al+ + Li Lin2Al+ + Li2 Lin1Al + Li+ Lin2Al + Li2+

LiAl (2S+) 40.2 26.3
Li2Al-IIc (1S+) 48.0 65.0 51.4 45.2
Li3Al-Ic (C2v, 2B2) 28.1 52.8 52.2 50.4
Li4Al-IIIc (D4h, 1A1 0 ) 41.2 46.0 60.4 64.3
Li5Al-IIc (Cs, 2A 0 ) 33.7 51.6 58.4 65.1
Li6Al-IIIc (Oh, 1A1g) 47.9 58.3 64.4 77.2
Li7Al-IVc (C3v, 2A1) 20.3 44.9 60.7 55.6
Li8Al-IIIc (C3v, 1A1) 33.0 29.9 64.8 64.6
Fig. 7 (a) NICS values, and (b) pELI-D contributions for valence
orbitals of the highly stable clusters.
The ELI plots for structures Li5Al and Li6Al+ are depicted in
Fig. 7b. The localization domains of Li and Al (in blue) are
mainly composed of core orbitals. The isosurfaces of p-ELI
distribution for the neutral Li5Al reveal that the red-colored
localization domains, that arise from px and py orbitals, are
Fig. 6 Dissociation enthalpies of (a) the neutral LinAl, and (b) the responsible for LiLi bonding. The yellow-colored domain is
cation LinAl+ using the CCSD(T)/aug-cc-pVTZ level.
composed of pz orbital that is responsible for its aromaticity.
In a similar way, the p-ELI plots of the cation Li6Al+ point
magnetic shieldings.42 The NICS values for the more stable out that the yellow domains composed of three degenerate
clusters, Li5Al, Li6Al+, Li7Al and Li8Al+, are computed at p-orbitals are distributed globally over the whole skeleton,
various positions as shown in Fig. 7a. The distance between which renders the system highly aromatic. In addition, there is
two evaluated positions is 1.0 A. The calculated NICS values an obvious presence of twelve localized basins distributed on
show that these species have an aromatic character with highly LiLi bonds of Li6Al+, which is in line with its high symmetry.
negative NICS values. Nevertheless, the very negative NICS
Phenomenological shell model (PSM)
values found around the position of Al is due to the eect of
the impurity. To interpret the stability pattern, the PSM in which the Al
To further probe the chemical bonding and electron impurity plays the role of an electronegative dopant is used.
distribution, the electron localizability indicator (ELI) is used. Because the impurity is more electronegative than the host, the
View Online
Fig. 8 HOMO and LUMO shapes of (a) the neutral clusters LinAl, and (b) the cationic clusters LinAl+ (n = 18).
ordering of the single particle energy levels in the PSM is electrons, which is the magic number for the electronic shell of
expected to be changed to the rearranged ordering of 1S2 1P6 1S2 1P6. Accordingly, these clusters constitute the highly stable
2S2 1D10. members of the series examined.
The HOMO and LUMO shapes are shown in Fig. 8a
(neutral clusters) and 8b (cations). First, the electronic shells
of the neutral LinAl (n = 18) are consistent with the PSM
Conclusion
description. The HOMO of small clusters LinAl with n = 15
has p-character, whereas the LUMO of Li4Al and Li5Al shows We carried out a systematic investigation on the aluminium
s-character, which agrees well with the energy level of 1S2 1P6 doped lithium clusters LinAl (n = 18) in both neutral and
2S2 of the PSM. A similar interpretation can be put forward cationic states using the DFT and CCSD(T) methods. Their
for the larger clusters in that the HOMOs of Li7Al and Li8Al global energy minima are found or conrmed, and their
are s-orbitals, while their LUMOs should be d-orbitals. electronic structure is examined in detail. A growth mechanism
The PSM can also be applied to the charged species. In a of the clusters can be formulated as follows: (i) the small
similar way, Fig. 8b points out that the electronic shells of the clusters with n = 16 tend to be formed by simply binding the
cations LinAl+ are very consistent with the ordering of energy additional Li atom to the Al center of the smaller cluster
levels of this model. The presence of quasi-degenerate (Lin1Al), (ii) for the larger clusters, n = 7 and 8, there is a
structures for the larger size clusters, LinAl, n = 7 and 8, is an competition between two growing modes, namely, binding Li
interesting case, which can be understood from a competition directly to Al to form highly coordinated Al, and condensing
between two growth motifs: Li is either condensed directly Li on a (LiLiLi) surface to form a tetrahedral unit. Our
with Al of the lower member Lin1Al (Li7Al-Ic, Li7Al-IIIc, calculated results demonstrate that the neutral Li5Al and the
Li8Al-IIIc) or adsorbed on a (LiLiLi) surface to form a cation Li6Al+ are peculiarly stable with a high degree of
lithium tetrahedral-like unit (Li7Al-IIc, Li8Al-Ic). While the aromaticity.
rst set bears spherical-like geometry and satises the PSM The stability pattern of these clusters, LinAl, can be
within the energy ordering of 1S2 1P6 2S2 1D10, the second set interpreted successfully by using the phenomenological shell
shows other energy levels of 1S2 1P6 1D2, which can be model (PSM). The clusters containing a magic number of
interpreted by using the Clemenger-Nilsson model.43 Both valence electrons, such as Li5Al and Li6Al+, are characterized
the neutral Li5Al and cation Li6Al+ each contain eight valence by high thermodynamic stability. We hope that these
View Online
interesting Li systems will be experimentally detected and 17 H.-J. Werner, P. J. Knowles, R. Lindh, F. R. Manby, M. Schutz,
characterized in the near future. P. Celani, T. Korona, A. Mitrushenkov, G. Rauhut, T. B. Adler,
R. D. Amos, A. Bernhardsson, A. Berning, D. L. Cooper, M. J. O.
Deegan, A. J. Dobbyn, F. Eckert, E. Goll, C. Hampel, G. Hetzer,
Acknowledgements T. Hrenar, G. Knizia, C. Koppl, Y. Liu, A. W. Lloyd, R. A. Mata,
A. J. May, S. J. McNicholas, W. Meyer, M. E. Mura, A. Nicklass,
We are indebted to the KULeuven Research Council (GOA, P. Palmieri, K. Puger, R. Pitzer, M. Reiher, U. Schumann,
IDO and IUAP programs). TBT thanks the Arenberg H. Stoll, A. J. Stone, R. Tarroni, T. Thorsteinsson, M.
Wang and A. Wolf, MOLPRO, version 2008.1, a package of
Doctoral School of for a scholarship. MTN thanks the ICST ab initio programs.
for supporting his stays in Vietnam. 18 R. G. Parr and W. Yang, Density-Functional Theory of Atoms and
Molecules, Oxford University Press, Oxford, 1989.
19 A. D. Becke, J. Chem. Phys., 1993, 98, 5648.
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J Mater Sci
DOI 10.1007/s10853-012-6921-1
Electrospun chitosan/hydroxyapatite nanofibers

for bone tissue engineering
Doan Van Hong Thien Sheng Wen Hsiao
Ming Hua Ho Chung Hsing Li Jia Lin Shih
Received: 25 June 2012 / Accepted: 24 September 2012

Springer Science+Business Media New York 2012
Abstract Chitosan (CS) nanofibers were prepared by an Moreover, the early osteogenic differentiation on CS/HA
electrospinning technique and then treated with simulated was also more significant, due to the differences in chemical
body fluid (SBF) to encourage hydroxyapatite (HA) forma- composition and the surface area of CS/HA nanofibers. The
tion on their surface. The CS/HA nanofibers were subjected biocompatibility and the cell affinity were enhanced using
to scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive the CS/HA nanofibers. This indicates that electrospun CS/
X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), Fourier transform infrared HA scaffolds would be a potential material in bone tissue
spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction (XRD) to confirm HA engineering.
formation as well as determine the morphology of the
nanofibrous scaffolds. The SEM image indicated that the
distribution of HA on the CS nanofibers was homogeneous. Introduction
The results from EDS and XRD indicated that HA was
formed on the nanofibrous surfaces after 6-day incubation in Chitosan (CS), a natural polysaccharide, is biocompatible,
the SBF. The calcium/phosphorus ratio of deposited HA was biodegradable, and non-toxic [13]. Moreover, the affinity
close to that of natural bone. To determine biocompatibility, of CS to bone cells is high [4] and its structure is similar to
the CS/HA scaffolds were applied to the culture of rat glycosaminoglycans, one of the major components in the
osteosarcoma cell lines (UMR-106). The cell densities on bone extracellular matrix (ECM) [1, 5]. Thus, CS is often
the CS/HA nanofibers were higher than those on the CS the material chosen as scaffolds for bone tissue engineering
nanofibers, the CS/HA film, and the CS film, indicating that [2, 6, 7].
cell proliferation on CS/HA nanofibers was enhanced. To improve the osteoconductivity of CS scaffolds,
hydroxyapatite (HA) is often incorporated in them. HA, a
major inorganic component in natural bone, can enhance
D. Van Hong Thien
Department of Chemical Engineering, Can Tho University, the proliferation and mineralization of cultured osteoblasts
3/2 Street, Ninh Kieu District, Can Tho City, Vietnam [811]. CS/HA scaffolds have been prepared by blending
[1, 1214] or precipitation [8, 1517]. Blending often
S. W. Hsiao
yields non-homogenous distribution of HA because its
Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan
University of Science and Technology, 43, Keelung Road, particles readily aggregate in a polymer solution which is
Section 4, Taipei, Taiwan used to prepared scaffolds [1214, 18, 19]. In contrast,
precipitation is widely used because it results in a homo-
M. H. Ho (&)
geneous distribution of HA particles [2022].
R&D Center for Membrane Technology and Department of
Chemical Engineering, Chung Yuan University, Simulated body fluid (SBF) treatment, usually used in
Chungli 320, Taiwan the precipitation method, is a simple process to create a
e-mail: mhho@mail.ntust.edu.tw homogeneous HA layer on the surface of scaffolds [20]. In
SBF treatment, HA is synthesized at body temperature,
C. H. Li J. L. Shih
Division of Orthodontics & Pediatric Dentistry, Dental which is similar to mineral growth in natural bone with the
Department, Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan HA crystallite size in nanometers [23]. The inorganic
123
260
J Mater Sci
components of SBF are similar to those of human blood (FBS), penicillinstreptomycinamphotericin, and trypsin
plasma [24]. However, SBF treatment is time-consuming. EDTA were purchased from GIBCO BRL. Rat osteosar-
To decrease the time, SBF solutions with various ion coma cell line (UMR-106) was obtained from the Food
concentrations are used, such as SBF with ion concentra- Industry Research and Development Institute, Taiwan.
tion 1.5 times that of SBF [24]. The time can also be Bicinchoninic acid (BCA) was obtained from Thermo
reduced by increasing the concentration of functional Scientific Pierce Protein Research Products. Dimethyl
groups (e.g., NH2) making up polymer scaffolds [16]. The sulfoxide (DMSO) and phosphate buffered saline (PBS)
amino and hydroxyl groups on CS act as nuclear sites for were purchased from Sigma.
the formation of HA in SBF treatment [21]. Moreover, the
increase in the specific surface area of scaffolds increases Preparation of electrospun CS nanofibers and CS film
the effective density of nucleation sites for HA formation,
which may also reduce the time necessary for SBF Electrospun CS nanofibers
treatment.
The electrospinning process, a simple and versatile Figure 1 shows an electrospinning setup. It consists of
method, can create nanofibers having a high surface area, three major components: a power supply using direct cur-
which facilitates SBF treatment [2529]. There have been rent (DC) that can generate a voltage up to 30 kV, a 3-mL
many efforts to develop CS/HA composite nanofibers for syringe having a metallic needle with a 0.65-mm inner
bone regeneration, such as polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)/CS/ diameter that can control the flow rate of a K.D. Scientific
HA [8, 12, 14], collagen/CS/HA [30], CS/poly(ethylene pump (Model 780/00, 107890), and a collector made from
oxide) (PEO)/HA [13], and carboxymethyl chitin/PVA/HA aluminum foil.
[31]. Due to difficulties in electrospinning pure CS, all Electrospinning of CS using TFA/DCM was described
these composite scaffolds were prepared by blending CS in previous research [32]. In this study, CS was dissolved in
with other polymers. However, the addition of other TFA/DCM (70/30 vol %) at the concentration of 5080
polymers decreases the effective nuclear sites for HA for- mg/mL. The tip-to-collector distance was 815 cm, and
mation and reduces the specific affinity to osteoblastic cells the applied voltage was 1020 kV. Electrospun nanofibers
of CS. The creation of HA layers on pure CS nanofibers were deposited on glass with an area of 1 9 1 cm2.
using SBF treatment had not been attempted in biomedical
applications. CS film
In this study, CS nanofibrous scaffolds with a homoge-
neous HA layer were synthesized by an electrospinning CS was dissolved in acetic acid (2 %) to prepare a CS
process and various durations of SBF treatment. This solution (30 mg/mL). After stirring for 12 h at room tem-
research is the first study to create the HA layers on pure perature, the CS solution was covered on glass with an area
CS nanofibers using SBF treatment. Then, the deposited of 1 9 1 cm2 and then dried in a dryer at 37 C for 2 days.
HA was analyzed to optimize the time for the SBF treat-
ment. Finally, osteoblast-like cells were cultured on CS/
HA nanofibers to determine the potential of this novel
scaffold in bone tissue engineering.
Materials and methods
Materials
CS (having low molecular weight with a degree of deacet-

ylation 7585 %), trifluoroacetic acid (TFA), sodium car-
bonate, zinc(II) chloride, magnesium chloride, glycine, and
p-nitrophenyl phosphate (pNPP) were purchased from
Sigma-Aldrich. Dichloromethane (DCM) was purchased
from Tedia. Calcium hydroxide was obtained from
J.T. Baker. For cell culture and related analyses, alpha
minimum essential medium (a MEM) and 3-(4,5-dimeth-
ylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT)
were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich. Fetal bovine serum Fig. 1 Electrospinning setup
123
261
J Mater Sci
Neutralization and cross-linking of CS scaffolds Cell viability was evaluated by the MTT assay, in which
yellow MTT is reduced to yield a purple formazan product
CS nanofibers and CS film were neutralized by a saturated by mitochondrial succinate dehydrogenase. The absorption
sodium carbonate solution that was shaken at 30 rpm for maximum of MTT-formazan is at a wavelength of 570 nm
5 h. After neutralization, CS scaffolds were washed with and allows quantitation of cell viability. The scaffolds with
distillated water several times. cultured cell were rinsed twice with PBS and then were
transferred into new 24-well plates containing 1 mL of a
working solution. After 6-h incubation, the working solu-
Mineralization process
tions were replaced by DMSO. The absorbance at a
wavelength of 570 nm was determined with an ELISA
The SBF was prepared as follows [33]. Briefly, NaCl
plate reader (MQX200R, Bio-Tek Instrument Inc., USA).
(213 mM), NaHCO3 (6.3 mM), C4H11NO3 (40 mM), Na2SO4
Early cell differentiation was determined by the activity
(0.8 mM), Na2HPO4 (1.5 mM), MgCl2.6H2O (2.3 mM), and
of alkaline phosphatase (ALP), which was used in our
KCl (7.5 mM) were dissolved and stirred for 4 h in deionized
previous work [34]. Briefly, an ALP buffer containing
water. HCl was added to the solution until reaching a pH of
1 mg/mL pNPP was prepared by dissolving MgCl2 (1 mM),
7.4, and then CaCl2 (3.8 mM) was dissolved in this SBF. CS
ZnCl2 (1 mM), and glycine (0.1 M) in deionic water. After
nanofibers and CS film were immersed in a saturated calcium
removing the culture medium, the scaffolds with UMR-106
hydroxide solution at 37 C for 5 h. Then, the scaffolds were
cell were washed twice with PBS, immersed into 0.4 mL of
incubated in the SBF at 37 C. The SBF was replaced with
a lysis buffer for 15 min, and placed into 1.2 mL of an ALP
fresh SBF every 2 days. After incubation for each of 2, 4, 6,
buffer for 30 min. The reaction was stopped by the addition
and 8 days, the scaffolds were taken out for characterization.
of 300 mL of 3 N NaOH. Next, the absorbance was read at
405 nm using an ELISA plate reader.
Characterization of CS/HA nanofibers Total protein was measured by the BCA assay. For this
assay, the lysis that contained UMR-106 cells and the BCA
The surface morphology of scaffolds was observed by a working agent were well mixed and placed in a 96-well
scanning electron microscopy (SEM) (JSM-6390LV, JEOL, plate. The plate was kept at 37 C for 2 h. The absorbance
Japan) at an accelerating voltage of 15 kV after surface was determined at 562 nm using an ELISA plate reader.
coating with gold. Data are shown as mean standard deviation. The
The elemental analysis was carried out using an energy- statistical significance between the two groups was esti-
dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) (INCA, Oxford, United mated using Students t test. A value of p \ 0.05 was
Kingdom) in conjunction with the SEM. Calcium and considered statistically significant.
phosphorous were performed in three replicates.
The crystalline phase of calcium phosphate precipitates
was investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD) (D2 Phaser, Results and discussion
Bruker, Germany), where 2h ranged from 20 to 50 with
a scanning speed of 0.05/min using Cu Ka radiation Characterization of CS nanofibers
(k = 1.5406 A ). XRD was operated at an accelerating volt-
age of 40 kV and a current of 40 mA. Electrospun CS nanofibers after neutralization are shown
The HA formation and the chemical interactions between in Fig. 2. Optimized conditions were used, including a CS
CS and HA were observed by Fourier transform infrared concentration of 80 mg/mL, an applied voltage of 17 kV,
spectroscopy (FTIR) (FTS-3500, Bio-Rad, USA) using and a tip-to-collector distance of 12 cm. Figure 2 indicates
KBr pellets. The spectra were scanned over the range of that there was no bead or non-fiber structure, meaning that
4000400 cm-1. the resulting nanofibers were homogeneous. From analysis of
CS dense film, CS nanofibers, CS/HA film, and CS/HA SEM pictures using ImageJ software, the average diameter of
nanofibers having the same size (1 9 1 cm2) were washed CS nanofibers was about 200 nm without serious deviation.
with sterilized PBS and then replaced into 24-well plates The nanofibers had high porosity and high spatial intercon-
that had been sterilized by exposure to UV light for 2 h. nectivity, which can promote cell adhesion, spreading, and
UMR-106 cells having density of 1 9 104 cells/mL were proliferation [35]. After neutralization, the structure of CS
seeded into each well. The scaffolds with seeded cells were nanofibers was preliminarily stabilized to prevent the disso-
incubated in aMEM supplemented with 10 % FBS and lution in an aqueous solution. Moreover, the TFA solvent
100 U/mL penicillinstreptomycinamphotericin at 37 C was removed with a saturated sodium carbonate solution in
in 5 % CO2. The medium was renewed every 2 days. the neutralization step [36, 37].
123
262
J Mater Sci
increased with the incubation time from 2 to 6 days. After

6 days of incubation, the crystallization reached a steady
state due to saturation of the nucleation sites on CS
nanofibers. In contrast, previous studies using the same
SBF concentration found the incubation time of CS film in
SBF to be about 21 days [17, 39]. The ample numbers of
amino and hydroxyl groups on CS nanofibers as well as the
high surface-area-to-volume ratio of electrospun nanofibers
can provide abundant nuclear sites [21]. This enhanced
the deposition of HA onto the CS nanofibers. Thus, the
incubation time of 6 days was used in the following
experiments.
The average crystallite size (t) of HA was estimated by
the Sherrer equation [16, 21, 40]:
0:9k
Fig. 2 SEM image of CS nanofibers after neutralization t ; 1
Bcosh
where k is the X-ray wavelength (k = 1.5406 A ), h is the
diffraction angle (h = 0.453 rad), and B is the integral
breath of a reflection that is determined by the full width
at half maximum intensity located at 2h (B = 0.0095).
According to Eq. (1), the average crystallite size, t, at Day
6 was 16.3 nm. This is similar to the size of apatite crystals
found in bone [20], which can enhance cell proliferation
and biomineral formation [4143]. Thus, the composite
CS/HA electrospun nanofibers would be suitable scaffolds
in bone cells.
Figure 4 shows FTIR spectra of CS and CS/HA nanof-
ibers incubated in SBF for 6 days. The peaks at 564, 602,
and 1035 cm-1 correspond to the vibration bands of PO
of PO43- (Fig. 4b) [8, 21]. The existence of peaks con-
firmed the formation of HA on CS nanofibers.
Fig. 3 XRD diffraction patterns of CS/HA nanofibers after incuba-

tion in the SBF at 37 C for (a) 2 days, (b) 4 days, (c) 6 days, and
(d) 8 days
Incubation time of CS nanofibers in SBF

and characterization of CS/HA nanofibers
After neutralization, CS nanofibers were immersed in the

SBF for 2, 4, 6, and 8 days for depositing of HA. Figure 3
shows XRD patterns of CS/HA nanofibers. Using standard
HA (JCPDS # 09-0432), Hakimimehr et al. [38] demon-
strated 2h peaks at 25.6, 31.8, 32.8, 39.8, 46.7, and
49.6, which correspond to the diffraction planes of (002),
(300), (112), (310), (222), and (213), confirming the for-
mation of HA crystalline structure. Thus, we can identify
the appearance of HA on CS nanofibers that were incu-
bated in SBF.
The height of peaks at 25.6 at the diffraction plane of Fig. 4 FTIR spectra of (a) CS nanofibers and (b) CS/HA nanofibers
(002) indicated that the crystallization degree of HA after 6-day incubation in the SBF
123
263
J Mater Sci
studies for nanofibrous poly(DL-lactide) acid (PLLA) [21]. In

addition, the HA layers promoted the attachment and pro-
liferation of UMR-106 cells. Thus, the CS/HA electrospun
nanofibers were more biocompatible than the CS/HA film,
although the duration of SBF treatment was the same. This
indicates that the SBF process was more efficient on CS
nanofibers than CS dense films. In other words, the HA
formation on CS nanofibers reached a steady state more
quickly than on CS film or scaffolds [17, 39]. Thus, the
method used in this research not only improved the bio-
compatibility of CS nanofibers but also reduced the duration
of SBF treatment.
ALP expression
Fig. 5 SEM image of the CS/HA nanofibers after 6-day incubation in Figure 7 shows ALP activities at Day 1, 3, 4, and 5. On all
SBF
scaffolds used in this experiment, the ALP activities
increased from Day 1 to 4 and reached a maximum on Day 4.
Figure 5 shows the SEM image of the CS/HA nanofibers At Day 5, the ALP activity decreased. ALP is mainly
after 6-day incubation in SBF. The nanosized HA particles expressed in the early stage of osteogenic differentiation
were homogeneously deposited on the CS nanofibers. In [44, 45]. In later stages of osteogenic differentiation,
addition, EDS analysis showed that the calcium/phospho- expression of ALP would be decayed and replaced by other
rus ratio of CS/HA nanofibers was 1.745 0.045, which is osteogenic enzymes [46], as reflected in Fig. 7. The results
close to the calcium/phosphorus ratio of HA (1.67) found reveal that the differentiation of osteoblast-like cells on CS
in human bone [41]. and CS/HA substrates in this research is consistent normal
development of osteoblasts.
Cell viability The ALP activities of the cells on CS/HA nanofibers
were significantly higher than on CS film, CS nanofibers, or
Figure 6 shows cell viability after culturing for 1, 3, and CS/HA film (*p \ 0.05, Fig. 7) because HA can enhance
5 days. Cell viability on CS/HA nanofibers was significantly early osteoblastic differentiation [22]. Although the SBF
higher than on CS film, CS nanofibers, or CS/HA film treatment duration was the same, the osteoconductivity of
(p \ 0.05). This was due to the high specific surface area of HA on nanofibers was higher than that on film. Using CS
CS/HA nanofibers, which have been proposed in previous nanofibers, the formation of HA saturated more quickly,
Fig. 6 MTT assay for cell viability on CS films, CS nanofibers, and Fig. 7 ALP assay for cell differentiation on CS films, CS nanofibers,
CS/HA nanofibers. *Significant difference (p \ 0.05, t test) from CS/ CS/HA films, and CS/HA nanofibers. *Significant difference from
HA nanofibers. All the experiments were carried out in triplicate CS/HA nanofibers (p \ 0.05, t test). All the experiments were carried
(n = 3) out in triplicate (n = 3)
123
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J Mater Sci
which promotes not only cell affinity but also osteocon- 13. Zhang Y, Venugopal JR, El-Turki A, Ramakrishna S, Su B, Lim
ductivity of CS scaffolds. In summary, CS/HA nanofibers CT (2008) Biomaterials 29:4314
14. Shen K, Hu Q, Chen L, Shen J (2010) J Appl Polym Sci 115:
were more biocompatible and osteoconductive than con- 2683. doi:10.1002/app.29832
ventional CS scaffolds. 15. Kong L, Gao Y, Lu G, Gong Y, Zhao N, Zhang X (2006) Eur
Polym J 42:3171
16. Li J, Chen Y, Yin Y, Yao F, Yao K (2007) Biomaterials 28:781
Conclusion 17. Baskar D, Balu R, Kumar TSS (2011) Int J Biol Macromol
49:385. doi:10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2011.05.021
18. Thomas V, Dean DR, Jose MV, Mathew B, Chowdhury S, Vohra
Homogenous CS nanofibers were electrospun using TFA/ YK (2007) Biomacromolecules 8:631. doi:10.1021/bm060879w
DCM co-solvent and then incubated in SBF to bring about 19. Kim HW, Song JH, Kim HE (2005) Adv Funct Mater 15:1988
HA coating. The analyses of SEM, EDS, XRD, and FTIR 20. Cui W, Li X, Chen J, Zhou S, Weng J (2008) Cryst Growth Des
confirmed that the HA was similar to the apatite crystals 8:4576. doi:10.1021/cg800641s
21. Cui W, Li X, Xie C, Zhuang H, Zhou S, Weng J (2010)
found in actual bone. Six-day incubation in SBF was suf- Biomaterials 31:4620
ficient to bring about maximum mineralization of the CS 22. Cui W, Li X, Xie C et al (2010) Polymer 51:2320
nanofibers. In addition, cell viability and differentiation on 23. Chen J, Chu B, Hsiao BS (2006) J Biomed Mater Res A 79:307
CS/HA nanofibers also were significantly higher than on 24. Kokubo T, Takadama H (2006) Biomaterials 27:2907
25. Reneker DH, Chun I (1996) Nanotechnology 7:216
the CS nanofibers, CS/HA film, or CS film throughout cell 26. Dzenis Y (2004) Science 304:1917. doi:10.1126/science.1099074
seeding. Hence, CS/HA electrospun scaffolds appear suit- 27. Ramakrishna S, Fujihara K, Teo W-E, Yong T, Ma Z, Ramase-
able for bone tissue engineering. shan R (2006) Mater Today 9:40
28. Li D, Xia Y (2004) Adv Mater 16:1151
Acknowledgements This work was financially supported by National 29. De Vrieze S, Westbroek P, Van Camp T, Van Langenhove L
Science Council, Taiwan (NSC, No. 99-2221 E-011-120). We also (2007) J Mater Sci 42:8029. doi:10.1007/s10853-006-1485-6
would like to thank Mr. Sheng-Chung Liaw for his assistances in SEM 30. Zhang Y, Reddy VJ, Wong SY et al (2010) Tissue Eng A 16:1949
and XRD setup. 31. Shalumon KT, Binulal NS, Selvamurugan N et al (2009)
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32. Ohkawa K, Cha D, Kim H, Nishida A, Yamamoto H (2004)
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Materials Science and Engineering B 169 (2010) 94100
Contents lists available at ScienceDirect
Materials Science and Engineering B

journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/mseb
Cell behaviors on micro-patterned porous thin lms

Ho Quoc Phong, Shu-Ling Wang, Meng-Jiy Wang
Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, 43, Keelung Rd., Sec. 4, Taipei 106, Taiwan
a r t i c l e i n f o a b s t r a c t
Article history: Thin polymer lms with patterned surfaces have drawn tremendous attention in manufacturing advanced
Received 5 June 2009 electronic, mechanical devices and in biomaterials due to the advantageous properties such as mechan-
Received in revised form ical strength, chemical resistance and optic transparency. The applications can be extended to the elds
11 December 2009
such as catalysts, antireection coatings, template for inorganic growth masks, and substrates for cell
Accepted 4 January 2010
culturing providing the patterned surface containing micron-sized features. Various methods have been
used to fabricate polymers with micro-patterned surfaces such as photolithographic, ink-jet printing,
Keywords:
nonsolvent, spin coating in a dry environment, self-organization, and the condensation of monodis-
Phase separation method
Micro-patterned structure
perse water droplet on the polymer solution. The physiological functions of mature cells depend on the
Cell adhesion behaviors microenvironment/niche surrounding which can provide proper factors to regulate cell proliferation and
differentiation. While designing appropriate scaffolds for tissue engineering, the microstructure is one of
the most important factors to be considered. In this work, a facile single-step phase separation method
was used to create micro-patterned polymer thin lms with concaves or convexes with sizes ranged from
7 to 70 m. The effects of water content, casting volume and the addition of surfactant on the distribu-
tion of pores and substrate morphology were examined. Moreover, detailed observations of broblast
cells on the micro-patterned thin lms were presented to compare and elucidate the roles of surface
micro-features and chemical functionalities.
Crown Copyright 2010 Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
1. Introduction [3034]. The structures formed from this method involved water
droplets arranged on surface of polymer solution and was identi-
Polymers with micro-patterned surfaces provide advantageous ed as breath gure method [35]. It is noted that the formation
potentials in manufacturing advanced electronics and mechani- of patterned structure by breath gure method is highly humid-
cal devices, and in functional biomaterials due to the excellent ity and temperature dependant, usually involving a higher cost
exibility, good chemical and optical properties [110]. Further of equipment, which the dimension of the patterns varied if the
applications of the patterned surface include catalysts, antireec- environment changed.
tion coatings, template for inorganic growth masks, and supports In this work, a single-step phase separation method to cre-
for cell cultures [1116]. Photolithographic, soft-lithographic ate micro-patterned concaves was chosen. The single-step phase
[1720], ink-jet printing, nonsolvent, spin coating in a dry envi- separation was a facile, less humidity sensitive however effec-
ronment, self-organization, and the condensation of monodisperse tive method that can create well-ordered porous or patterned
water droplets on the polymer solution [21] were methods polymer thin lms. For example, Wang et al. employed the single-
employed to fabricate polymer surfaces with micro-patterns. step phase separation method to demonstrate the creation of
Among the mentioned methods, photolithographic and soft- three-dimensional, densely packed micropores on the surfaces of
lithographic techniques showed good precisions however required poly(methyl methacrylate) and polystyrene [21]. The important
higher costs for the lithographic procedures. Other methods parameters such as nonsolvent content, evaporation temperature,
such as colloidal crystal [2224], self-assemble rod-coil copoly- and interactions between the polymer, solvent, and nonsolvent
mers [25,26], microphase-separated block copolymers [27,28], and were addressed in their work. Park et al. has also performed the sim-
emulsions [29] required tedious chemical reaction processes. ilar method and fabricated the polymer lms with porous structure
More recently, water droplet condensation phenomena on by spin coating the mixture of polymer with appropriates solvent
polymer solution were studied to form patterned congurations under humidity control [36].
In this study, we adopted the single-step phase separation
method and prepared the micro-patterned surfaces and accom-
modated biomolecules to study the effects of microenvironment on
Corresponding author. Tel.: +886 2 2730 1146; fax: +886 2 2737 6644. the cell behaviors. For the experiments, poly(methyl methacrylate)
E-mail address: mjwang@mail.ntust.edu.tw (M.-J. Wang). (PMMA) was mixed with tetrahydrofuran (THF) and small amount
0921-5107/$ see front matter. Crown Copyright 2010 Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
doi:10.1016/j.mseb.2010.01.009
266
H.Q. Phong et al. / Materials Science and Engineering B 169 (2010) 94100 95
of water to form solution with a range of concentrations. Compar- solution with different volumes (1%, 2%, 4% and 6%) to study the
ing with water, THF evaporates faster than water in the system and effect of water content on the size of concaves. The patterned thin
results in the phase separation of the polymer solution. The water lms were cast on Petri dishes which were covered in order to
droplets were subsequently formed by nucleation mechanism and control the evaporation rate. The PDMS thin lm was prepared by
grown. With certain time of experiment, the water droplets will mixing the PDMS solution and the curing agent (10:1, wt:wt), and
also evaporate and leave the patterned concaves on the polymer degassed in vacuum chamber to ensure well mixing and to remove
thin lms. air bubbles. Post-curing was performed in an oven at 150 C for
The surfactants, structurally with polar head and nonpolar tail, 15 min. The obtained thin lms were visualized by scanning elec-
usually play the role of altering the surface tension of solution. tron microscope (SEM, JEO JSM-6300) at 20 kV. The diameter of
The addition of surfactant sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) into poly- the patterns was analyzed by ImageJ software. All the experiments
mer solutions was previously investigated for the fabrication of were performed in the oven controlled at the temperature of 20 C.
poly(l-lactic-co-glycolic acid) honeycomb structure by breath g- The L-929 broblast cells were cultivated in a humidied
ure method and the results showed that more regular patterned incubator with temperature 37 C and 5% CO2 control. All cul-
surfaces could be obtained [37]. However, the effect of adding sur- ture media are purchased from Sigma: Dulbeccos modied eagle
factant into single-phase separation system was rarely reported. In medium (DMEM-high glucose) (56439C); trypsin, lyophilized pow-
this study, we added SDS into the PMMA/THF/water systems and der (T4799); EDTA (E6758); fetal bovine serum (F2442); sodium
observed the formation of well-oriented micro-patterns on the thin bicarbonate (S5761); sodium pyruvate (P5280); and l-glutamine
polymer lms. (G8540). The cultivation period was set to 24 h.
The fabricated concave patterns consequently served as the
template to prepare polydimethylsiloxane convex thin lms. The
3. Results and discussions
procedures for the transformation between concaves and convexes
can be repeated to obtain different patterns on the same materials.
3.1. The formation of PMMA concave and the effect of water
Finally, in order to investigate the potential biomedical applications
content
for the micro-patterned thin lms, L-929 broblasts were directly
cultivated on the surfaces of thin lms with either different surface
In this study, poly(methyl methacrylate) was dissolved in
morphologies or varied surface functionality which was brought
tetrahydrofuran. Without the addition of water, the casted PMMA
by CF4 plasma treatment. The micro-patterns on the thin lm, cell
lm showed at surface morphology (a and f, Fig. 1). By adding
morphology and adhesion behaviors were visualized by scanning
water into the PMMA/THF solution, opaque or semitransparent
electron microscopy.
concave-patterned PMMA lms were obtained after evaporation
of THF and water. More importantly, the water content played an
2. Experimental important role in the size of concaves on the PMMA. For the water
content of 1, 2, 4 and 6 wt% in the PMMA/THF solutions, the aver-
Poly(methyl methacrylate) (m.w.: 97,000), tetrahydrofuran age diameters of the patterned concaves were 7.7, 20.3, 50.5 and
(THF), and sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) were purchased from 66.1 m, respectively (Fig. 1). The diameter of the patterned con-
Acros (Belgium). Polydimethylsiloxane (Sylgard 184 elastomer) caves showed a linear relationship with the water content (Fig. 2).
was purchased from Dow Corning, USA. Deionized water (ltered The atomic force microscopy analyses also showed clearly that the
by Milli-Q system, resistivity of 18 M,) was used for solution size of concaves related closely to the water content and the rough-
preparation. The PMMA was dissolved in THF to prepare polymer ness calculated by the AFM analyses was 320.4 nm and 621.12 nm,
solution for concentrations of 5, 10, 15 and 20 wt%. For the micro- for 1 and 4 wt% water content in PMMA/THF solutions, respectively
patterned polymer thin lm, the water was added to the polymer (Fig. 3).
Fig. 1. SEM images of 10 wt% PMMA concave (solvent: THF, 20 C). Water contents are (a) 0 wt%, (b) 1 wt%, (c) 2 wt%, (d) 4 wt%, and (e) 6 wt%. (f)(j) are the corresponding
cross-section images.
267
96 H.Q. Phong et al. / Materials Science and Engineering B 169 (2010) 94100
63.4 . For the larger diameter of concaves, the water contact angles
increased correspondingly, 20.3 m (74.5 ) and 50.5 m (106.6 )
(Table 1).
The higher content of water permitted longer time of droplet
formation and therefore the increase of the concave diameter was
observed. For the solution with water content beyond 6 wt%, the
formed water droplets were lager, led to non-regular pattern and
very broad concaves (gure not shown in this paper). The cross-
section images of the concaves (fj, Fig. 1) showed that the concaves
arranged regularly on the top of the surface of PMMA lms but there
were also pores in the middle part of the lms which indicated that
the water droplets were formed not only on the surface but also
within the lm.
3.2. The effect of casting volume on the size of concave and the
effect of SDS addition
Fig. 2. Relationship between average concave diameter and water content (20 C).
The effect of casting volume on the dimension of microstructure
was studied by applying different volumes of the same polymer
solutions. For the casting volume of 500, 1000, 2000 and 3000 L,
The resulted concaves with different sizes altered the sur- the diameters were 11.2, 31.0, 46.3 and 61.6 m, respectively. Fig. 4
face hydrophobicity signicantly and can be correlated with the shows that the diameter of concaves increased linearly with the
surface roughness and surface wettability. For the PMMA with casting volume which mainly inuenced the volatilization time and
7.7 m average diameter concaves, the water contact angle is the formation of water droplet.
Fig. 3. AFM images of PMMA concave (10 wt% PMMA in THF, 20 C). With added water content of (a) 1 wt%, (b) 4 wt%, (c) and (d) are the corresponding three-dimensional
images.
Table 1
Water contact angle of patterned surfaces with different morphologies on PMMA and PDMS thin lms.
Size of pattern (m) Control (at surface) 7.7 20.3 50.5
PMMA concave 63.4 2.3 74.5 1.3 106.6 1.9

PDMS convex 110.5 0.5 127.2 0.8 131.7 1.4 148.3 2.8
PDMS concave 125.5 0.9 131.1 1.2 145.8 2.9
268
Fig. 4. The effect of casting volume on PMMA concaves observed by SEM. (a) 500 L, (b) 1000 L, (c) 2000 L and (d) 3000 L (15 wt% PMMA in THF, 6 wt% water content,
20 C).
As shown in previous study, the addition of surfactant sodium demonstrates that the PDMS convex was successfully fabricated
dodecyl sulfate led to a more regular patterned poly(l-lactic-co- and showed complementary patterns with their PMMA counter-
glycolic acid) honeycomb structure. However, limited works were parts (df convex made from ac concave, Fig. 6). On the other
found to apply surfactant into the single-step phase separation hand, the fabrication of PDMS concave from PDMS convex showed
method. In this work, by adding different concentrations of SDS, defects particularly for the larger diameter of patterns which was
from 0.02 mM to 12 mM, it was observed that the highly ordered due to the bulky head of the convex as shown by the SEM images
concave patterns were formed for the SDS concentrations between (i, Fig. 6).
0.2 and 0.8 mM (bd, Fig. 5). For the concentrations of SDS higher The resultant PDMS convex was employed for cell culture
than 1.0 mM, the concave patterns became irregular (fh, Fig. 5). studies, therefore it is desirable to study the surface wettability.
The cell culture works on the SDS added thin lms were not present The at PDMS thin lm showed a water contact angle of 110.5 .
in this paper. With the convex patterns incorporated into the PDMS thin lms,
the surface wettability was altered signicantly. For the convex
with diameters of 7.7, 20.3, 50.5 m, the surface water contact
3.3. Transformation of PMMA concave into PDMS convex, and angles were 127.2 , 131.7 and 148.3 , correspondingly (Table 1).
further transformation to PDMS concave The surface hydrophobicity increased with the increase of convex
diameter.
In order to study the effect of microstructure on cell behavior,
this work chose PDMS as substrate which has been extensively
employed for designing biomaterials. The strategy involved trans- 3.4. Comparing the important motif for cell behaviors: surface
forming the micro-patterns from PMMA lms with various sizes morphology or surface functionality
of concave onto PDMS. The PDMS convex was obtained from
PDMS concave templates. For the transformation from concave L-929 broblast cells were cultured on surface of PDMS with
to convex, the different diameters of PMMA concaves templates convex, concave patterns and convex treated by CF4 plasma
(7.7, 20.3, 50.5 m, corresponding to water content of 1, 2, and for 24 h. The broblasts cultured on a at PDMS lm were
4 wt% added into 10% PMMA/THF solution) were utilized. Fig. 6 shown in Fig. 7. The round shape of cells indicated that the
Fig. 5. Effect of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) concentration on dimension of concave by SEM. (a) 0.02 mM, (b) 0.2 mM, (c) 0.5 mM, (d) 0.8 mM, (e) 1.0 mM, (f) 4.0 mM, (g)
8.0 mM, (h) 12.0 mM (10% (w/w) PMMA in THF, 4 wt% water, 20 C).
269
Fig. 6. PMMA concaves formed by adding different water contents: (a) 1 wt%, (b) 2 wt%, (c) 4 wt%; (d), (e) and (f) are PDMS convexes transformed from PMMA concaves
corresponding to (a), (b) and (c). (g), (h) and (i) are PDMS concaves.
cell adhesion was poor and the proliferation cannot be pro- Moreover, CF4 plasma was known to alter the surface property
gressed. To compare the effect of different morphologies on effectively and promote cell adhesion [38]. We performed the CF4
cell behavior, the broblasts were cultivated on both concave plasma treatment to evaluate the importance of the role of sur-
and convex patterns. It was found that, for different sizes of face functionality versus the surface morphology. The strategy was
patterns, the cells showed round shape and limited prolifera- to cultivate broblast on two groups of PDMS with same micro-
tion on both PDMS concave and convex surfaces (ac and df, patterns, one group served as a control group, the other group was
Fig. 8). There was no obvious difference of the cell behavior treated by CF4 plasma. As shown in ac and gi in Fig. 8, the cell
observed due to the variation of concave and convex microenvi- kept round shape and with limited number on the non-modied
ronments. PDMS convex. And it was clear that, on the CF4 plasma treated con-
Table 2
Elemental composition of PDMS and after CF4 plasma treatments, by ESCA analyses.
Sample C 1s [%] O 1s [%] N 1s [%] Si 2p [%] F [%] N/C O/C F/C
Pristine PDMS 44.2 23.3 0.0 32.5 0.0 0.0 0.53 0.0
PDMS CF4 33.4 9.6 0.3 9.1 47.6 0.010 0.29 1.43
270
sized features of 750 m, the motif from the surface morphology

was less important than the motif from the surface function-
alities brought by the CF4 plasma. Moreover, the promotion of
cell adhesion and proliferation on CF4 plasma treated samples
were resulted from the uorinated surfaces which brought not
only functionalities but also charges facilitating cell behaviors
(results were not shown in this paper). The results of elec-
tron spectroscopy for chemical analysis (ESCA) showed that the
CF4 plasma can incorporate mainly CFCF bindings (Fig. 9 and
Table 2).
The design of surface microenvironments was facilitated by
single-step phase separation methods to create surface micro-
patterned concaves. The parameters such as water content, casting
volume and surface plasma treatment were studied to create either
different diameters or to provide different surface functionalities.
Comparing with simply prepared micro-patterned surface, we have
shown the potential of transforming concave and convex with
reproducibility. Moreover, directly cell culture experiments pro-
Fig. 7. Optical microscopy image of L-929 broblast on at PDMS. vided the results which demonstrated that the surface functionality
affected more importantly for broblast adhesion and proliferation.
This study provides great potential of studying the insights of the
vex PDMS, broblast cells showed highly elongated morphology effects of variation of the morphology of materials. Further investi-
and higher cell density for all different diameters of convex. gations will be conducted to examine the effects of the dimensions
This result provided an important observation that, at least of the convex on the mechanism of cell attachment and the behav-
for this study, for the L-929 broblasts on the PDMS with micro- iors of cell migration.
Fig. 8. L-929 broblasts behaviors on (ac) PDMS with different sizes of convexes; (df) PDMS with different sizes of concaves; (gi) CF4 plasma treated PDMS with different
sizes of convexes.
271
Fig. 9. ESCA analyses on pristine and CF4 plasma treated PDMS: (a) wide scan; (b) C 1s narrow scan for pristine PDMS; (c) C 1s high resolution scan for CF4 plasma treated
PDMS.
4. Conclusion [6] C.L. Haynes, A.D. McFarland, L. Zhao, R.P.V. Duyne, G.C. Schatz, J. Phys. Chem. B
107 (2003) 73377342.
[7] H. Yabu, M. Shimomura, Langmuir 21 (2005) 17091711.
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were successfully fabricated based on a PMMA concave prepared Valiyaveettil, Adv. Funct. Mater. 16 (2006) 23402345.
from a single-step phase separation method. The water content [9] C.R. Yonzon, C.L. Haynes, X. Zhang, J.T. Walsh, R.P.V. Duyne, Anal. Chem. 76
(2004) 7885.
added into the PMMA/THF solution directly controlled the size of [10] T. Nakano, M. Tada, L. Yu-Ching, S. Ikeda, T. Uchida, H. Oura, T. Fukuda, T. Mat-
formed concave patterns which were observed by scanning elec- suda, M. Negoro, F. Arai, International Symposium on Micro-NanoMechatronics
tron microscopy. The size of micro-patterns affected the surface and Human Science. MHS 07, 2007, pp. 350355.
[11] T. Nishikawa, J. Nishida, R. Ookura, S.-I. Nishimura, S. Wada, T. Karino, M. Shi-
roughness and hydrophobicity which were identied by atomic
momura, Mater. Sci. Eng. C 89 (1999) 495500.
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[13] F.L. Yap, Y. Zhang, Biomaterials 28 (2007) 23282338.
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[14] H. Yabu, K. Inoue, M. Shimomura, Colloids Surf. A (2006) 301304.
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and morphology of materials on cell adhesion and proliferation, Todo, M. Shimomura, Colloids Surf. A (2006) 464469.
the behaviors of broblasts on the PDMS concave, convex, and [16] S. Tsukiyama, M. Matsushita, M. Tanaka, H. Tamura, S. Todo, S. Yamamoto, M.
Shimomura, Jpn. Soc. Appl. Phys. 47 (2008) 14291434.
CF4 plasma treated convex were studied. Firstly, the comparisons [17] A. Shishido, I.B. Diviliansky, I.C. Khoo, T.S. Mayer, Appl. Phys. Lett. 79 (2001)
between PDMS concave and convex showed that, for the interac- 33323334.
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272
Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochem. Eng. Aspects 377 (2011) 251260
Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and

Engineering Aspects
journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/colsurfa
Wetting analysis and surface characterisation of coir bres used as reinforcement

for composites
L.Q.N. Tran a, , C.A. Fuentes a , C. Dupont-Gillain b , A.W. Van Vuure a , I. Verpoest a
a
Department of Metallurgy and Materials Engineering (MTM), Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 44, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
b
Institute of Condensed Matter and Nanosciences, Universit Catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
Article history: Vietnam grown coir bres have been studied for use in composite materials. In order to understand the
Received 8 November 2010 brematrix interfacial compatibility, it is necessary to investigate the wetting behaviour and surface
Received in revised form chemistry of the bres. The aim of this paper is to develop a wetting measurement procedure to deter-
20 December 2010
mine stable and reproducible advancing static contact angles, and estimate the bre surface energy.
Accepted 6 January 2011
Dynamic contact angles are measured using the Wilhelmy technique. The experiments are carried out by
Available online 18 January 2011
considering the effects on the contact angle results of irregular wetted perimeter along the bre and liquid
absorption, which commonly appear with natural bres. Dynamic wetting of coir bres is then modelled
Keywords:
Natural bres
using the Molecular-kinetic theory from which the advancing static contact angle can be approximated
Coir by tting dynamic data. Besides, advancing static contact angle was determined experimentally using an
Wilhelmy approach derived from the Wilhelmy technique, in which the relaxation of the liquid meniscus was mon-
Wetting itored after stopping the bre movement. There is a good agreement between advancing static angles
Surface energy from the experimental and modelling method. The bre surface energy comprising polar and disper-
XPS sive components is estimated following the Owens/Wendt approach using the advancing static contact
angle of various test liquids. The bre surface chemistry examined by XPS shows a carbon rich surface
consisting of waxes and a low proportion of lignin and fatty substances. From the results of the wetting
measurements and surface characterisation, the coir bre surface seems to be hydrophobic.
2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
1. Introduction provides an understanding of bre hydrophilicity and bre sur-

face polarity. Surface energies determine the interactions between
Natural bres such as ax, jute, sisal, coir, hemp and bamboo materials, and contact angles are the result of such interactions.
have been used as reinforcement in polymer composites during Hence, measurement of contact angles and surface energies leads
the last decades. They are available in large amounts, at low cost, to a prediction of the compatibility of bre and matrix.
have low energy utilisation and are renewable and biodegradable. Wetting is the consequence of the change in nature of interfaces
In most cases the specic properties of the natural bre composites driven by free energy minimisation [3]. The quantitative measure
were found to compare favourably with those of glass bre compos- of solidliquid interactions is the contact angle. The equilibrium
ite [1]. Among natural bres, coir bres have low density ranging contact angle dened by Young [4] at the intersection of the three
from 1.0 to 1.3 g/cm3 and high strain to failure up to approximately phases, gasliquidsolid, was initially developed for a drop of liquid
40%. This has the potential to ameliorate the toughness when they on a smooth solid surface. In case of a single bre, contact angles
are used in composite [2]. are reported to be measured either directly or indirectly, typically
In composite materials, the interfacial properties of bre and by using the modied Wilhelmy technique [57]. The direct tech-
matrix play an important role in the nal mechanical performance. nique is carried out by introducing a drop of liquid on the bre. The
The interactions at the interface generally consist of physical contact angle is usually calculated following the theoretical model
adhesion, chemical bonding and mechanical interlocking. A good proposed by Carroll [8], Yamaki and Katayama [9]. Some difcul-
physical adhesion is controlled by good wetting between bres and ties are observed experimentally, such as improper drop making
matrices, which is strongly dependent on the surface energies of the and high curvature variation at the interface. For the indirect way,
materials. Studying bre wettability with different probe liquids the Wilhelmy technique is usually recommended. The principle is
to use a microbalance to record the wetting force, which is the cap-
illary force exerted by the liquid on the bre. The contact angle
Corresponding author. Tel.: +32 16 321448; fax: +32 16 321990. is then deduced from the recorded force in relation to the liquid
E-mail address: Ngoc.Tran@mtm.kuleuven.be (L.Q.N. Tran). surface tension and the bre perimeter.
0927-7757/$ see front matter 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
doi:10.1016/j.colsurfa.2011.01.023
273
252 L.Q.N. Tran et al. / Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochem. Eng. Aspects 377 (2011) 251260
2. Molecular-kinetic theory (MKT) of dynamic wetting
Several studies of dynamic wetting, centred on using the con-

advancing tact angle as a geometrical boundary condition for the moving
uid/uid1 interface at the solid surface, are described elsewhere
hysteresis [11]. For the aim of this study, the Molecular-kinetic theory of
dynamic wetting is applied to study the relation between the
dynamic contact angle and the static contact angle.
receding
According to the Molecular-kinetic theory [18], the macroscopic
behaviour of the wetting line depends on the overall statistics of the
individual molecular displacements that occur within the three-
-v 0 v phase zone. The wetting line is modelled by the displacements of
length of the molecules from one adsorption site to another. The
Fig. 1. Schematic presentation of the velocity-dependence of the contact angle molecules can move forward with a frequency K+ , or backward with
(after Dussan [13]).
a frequency K . The net frequency is Knet = K+ K . Then the velocity
of the wetting line is given by v = Knet . At equilibrium, v = 0, Knet
is zero and K+ = K = K0 . Blake and Haynes assumed that the driving
force for the wetting line is the out-of-balance surface tension force
Besides the consideration of measurement techniques, wet- LV (cos 0 cos ) where LV is the surface tension of the liquid
ting measurements on plant bres present additional complexities, in contact with vapour, 0 is the static contact angle and is the
which are typically not found for synthetic bres and which dynamic contact angle. Using Eyrings theory of absolute reaction
may affect the measurement: liquid absorption/diffusion into the rates for transport in liquids gave the nal relationship between
surface layers/cell walls; diffusion of low-molecular-weight com- and v as:
pounds from the surface layers into the liquid; physico-chemical

heterogeneity of the constituents (e.g., cellulose, hemicelluloses, (cos 0 cos )
and lignin) of the surface layers; viscoelastic response of the surface v = 2K0 sinh LV (1)
2nkB T
layers to the liquid [10].
In some specic studies, the measurement of the contact angle
is performed in dynamic conditions. There, the wetting of a liquid where n is the number of adsorption sites per unit area, kB is Boltz-
on a solid surface is commonly known as the moving of the three- manns constant, T is the temperature.
phase line or wetting line across the surface of the solid. Associated
with this moving wetting line, dynamic contact angles and wetting
velocity are the main parameters used to quantify the dynamics 3. Materials and methods
of wetting. It is experimentally reported that the dynamic contact
angle is usually found to depend on both the speed and the direction 3.1. Materials
of the wetting line displacement. The dynamic angles differ from
the corresponding static value and may refer to either an advancing 3.1.1. Fibres
or receding interface. The measured angle will depend on the his- Coir bre was supplied by the Can Tho University of Vietnam,
tory of the system and varies according to whether the interface is where it was extracted from the husk shell of coconut from the
being advanced or receded. This phenomenon is known as contact coconut palm (Cocos nucifera L.). The extraction process was a
angle hysteresis (Fig. 1), and occurs in most real systems where purely mechanical method without any retting process or chem-
solid surfaces are often rough and chemically heterogeneous. In ical treatment. The extracted bres were soaked in hot distilled
this complex situation, the static contact angle is even unlikely to water at 70 C for 2 h, then smoothly washed with alcohol to remove
be single-valued, but may show advancing and receding limits greases which may attach on the bre surface during the bre
[11,12]. extraction process, rinsed with deionised water and dried under
The bre surface chemistry provides important information on vacuum at 90 C. The thus cleaned bres are considered as unmod-
the chemical functionality that determines the interactions with ied bres. In order to prevent the effect of a rough bre surface due
the chemical functionality of the matrix. The level of hydrophilic- to unevenly distributed organic material (Fig. 2a), coir with a clean
ity and the surface energy of bres are also the result of chemical surface (Fig. 2b) was selected with the help of a light microscope.
groups on the surface. For surface chemical characterisation, X- Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) monolaments (diameter
ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) has shown to be a useful 800 m) from Goodfellow were used as a reference synthetic bre
tool to investigate the surface chemistry of several kinds of cel- to evaluate the measurement methods and to compare with coir
lulose bres, which assists to determine a quantitative elemental bres. PET bres were washed with a detergent (RBS-35 from
composition and certain functional groups present on the surface Chemical Products) for 1 h with a magnetic stirrer to remove
[1417]. organic residues on the surface, and rinsed in deionised water at
In this paper, dynamic contact angle measurements of coir 90 C for 1 h. The cleaned bres were then dried under vacuum at
bres with different probe liquids are carried out based on the 90 C for 2 h and conserved under silicagel.
Wilhelmy technique. Advancing static contact angle approxima-
tion is conducted by application of the Molecular-kinetic theory
and by using a modied Wilhelmy method. PET bres are also 3.1.2. Test liquids
examined as reference and to evaluate the employed methods. Test liquids used in this study with surface tension [19], density,
Coir bre advancing static contact angles are used to estimate the and viscosity are described in Table 1.
bre surface energy following the OwensWendt approach. XPS is
used to analyse the bre surface chemistry, linked with the wet-
ting results, to obtain a deeper understanding of the coir bre
surface. 1
In case of a surrounding vapour, usually air, this is also modeled as a uid.
274
L.Q.N. Tran et al. / Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochem. Eng. Aspects 377 (2011) 251260 253
Fig. 2. SEM images of coir cross-section and coir surface: (a) organic residues on coir surface, (b) clean surface, (c) bre cross-section, and (d) longitudinally orientated cells.
3.2. Dynamic contact angle measurement diiodomethane and benzyl alcohol were used as probe liquids in
both contact angle measurements and the surface energy calcula-
The dynamic contact angle measurement of the coir bres was tion.
carried out according to the Wilhelmy method, using a Krss K100 For a given measurement of the bre with a test liquid, the
tensiometer with 1 g weight resolution. The bre sample was calculation of contact angles was mainly affected by two param-
attached to a beam of an electrobalance and was held vertically at a eters, namely the bre wetted perimeter and the measured force.
xed position during the measurement, while a beaker containing In contrast to synthetic bres, natural bres do not have a uni-
the test liquid was raised and lowered via a driving platform. When form geometry along the bre. Therefore, the bre perimeter may
the test liquid touched the bre, a force was detected on the balance. change and this may lead to an incorrect result for the contact angle.
In contact with the liquid, the bre was scanned in both advancing Besides, the liquid absorption into the bres may also create an
and receding directions, at a constant velocity, from which a force- extra weight during the measurement. These above considerations
position plot was constructed with help of the software LabDesk. have been taken into account and the effects have been minimized
Theoretically, the force on the balance is the sum of the wetting in the later experiments.
force, the weight of the probe and the buoyancy force, as given by:
Ftotal = pLV cos + mg + L gAd (2) 3.2.1. Determination of bre wetted perimeter
The method to determine the bre wetted perimeter was based
where Ftotal is the total measured force on the electrobalance, p is on tensiometric measurement. A low surface tension liquid, n-
the bre wetted perimeter or, LV is the liquid surface tension, is Hexane, was used for wetting measurements with the bre. At
the contact angle at the three-phase contact line, m is the mass of relatively low speed, it is assumed that the bre is totally wetted
the bre, g is the acceleration of gravity, L is liquid density, A is the by the liquid. Then the contact angle is zero. Eq. (3) becomes:
bre cross sectional area and d is the immersion depth. The weight
of the bre probe can be measured beforehand and set to zero on the Fmeasured = pLV (4)
balance, while the effect of buoyancy can be removed by extrapo-
lating the force back to zero immersion depth. The remaining force Following Eq. (4), the bre wetted perimeter, p, can be deter-
is the wetting force only: mined from the wetting force and liquid surface tension. Thus,
in principle, the bre wetted perimeter can be measured at any
Fwet = pLV cos (3) position along the bre.
Another method was also carried out to make a comparison.
The contact angle was then calculated from the received force
The microscope images of cross-sections of bre samples were then
data at any depth. For both advancing and receding processes, the
examined by image analysis. For each bre, images of various cross-
obtained angles were called advancing contact angle and receding
sections were taken by a scanning electron microscope (SEM 30 XL
contact angle respectively. Due to the effect of coir bre surface
FEG). With help of the software Leica Qwin, the contour of each
roughness, the receding angles were apparently not stable. There-
cross-section was determined.
fore, only the advancing contact angles were studied.
The measurements were performed at a temperature of 20 C
and humidity of approximately 60%. Different measurement speeds 3.2.2. Estimation of the effect of liquid absorption
ranging from 2 m/s to 8000 m/s were used to study both Using the electrobalance of the tensiometer, the bre sam-
dynamic wetting and static contact angle approximation, the latter ple was weighed before and after the wetting measurement. The
is described in the following parts of this paper. The immersion absorbed mass into the bre was determined to analyse the effect
depth used for experiments was from 2 mm to 5 mm depend- on the nal contact angle results. The experiments were carried out
ing on the applied measurement speeds. As mentioned, water, with the three test liquids.
Table 1
Summary of surface tension, density, viscosity and purity of test liquids used in this paper; p is the polar and d is the dispersive component of the surface tension according
to the OwensWendt analysis.
Test liquid (mN/m) p (mN/m) d (mN/m) (g/cm3 ) (mPas) Purity Supplier
n-Hexane 18.4 0 18.4 0.659 0.32 99.6% Acros

Diiodomethane 50.8 0 50.8 3.32 2.76 >98% Merck
Benzyl alcohol 39.0 8.7 30.3 1.04 8.0 >99.5% Acros
Ultrapure water 72.8 51.0 21.8 0.998 1 18.2 cm resistivity Millipore
275
3.4. Solid surface energy estimation
Contact angle measurements of a solid yield data that reect

the thermodynamics of the solidliquid interactions. These data
can be used to estimate the surface energy of the solid. Several
approaches for the surface energy calculation were proposed by
Zisman, Fowkes, Wu and Van Oss-Good. The method based on a
geometric-mean approach used in this paper was rst given by
Fowkes and later by Owens and Wendt [21]. In this method, the
surface energy of the solid, SV , is divided into two components,
d , and polar, p , using a geometric-mean approach
dispersive, SV SV
to combine their contributions:
d p
SV = SV + SV (5)
The interfacial energy of two phases can be approximated by:

d d + p p
SL = SV + LV 2( SV LV
SV LV ) (6)
By combining with the Young equation, SV = SL + LV cos , one

obtains:
Fig. 3. Typical sorption measurement curves in water of coir bres having different

perimeters, showing that static equilibrium is reached after approximately 200 s. p
LV (1 + cos ) p LV
= SV + d
SV (7)
2 d
LV d
LV
3.3. Advancing static contact angle approximation
If one has obtained contact angle data on the bre for a series
Since the signicance of the contact angle as a measure of wet- of test liquids with known surface tension components, the two
tability is based on equilibrium thermodynamic arguments, static unknowns SV d and p are simultaneously solved by linear tting
SV
systems are most frequently studied [11]. It would be more reli- using Eq. (7), referred to as the OwensWendt equation.
able if static contact angles are introduced in the surface energy
calculation. In this paper, two methods were used to determine the 3.5. Fibre surface characterization using X-ray photoelectron
advancing static angle. The rst method is based on the relationship spectroscopy (XPS)
between the advancing dynamic contact angles and the wetting
velocity following the MKT theory. By tting of the correlation plot XPS analyses were performed on a Kratos Axis Ultra spectrom-
of the measured dynamic contact angle versus the velocity using eter (Kratos Analytical, UK) equipped with a monochromatized
Eq. (1), the advancing static contact angle was obtained. The proce- aluminium X-ray source (powered at 10 mA and 15 kV).
dure followed by Vega et al. [20] was adapted to t the data using One single bre was cantilevered xed on a at stainless steel
the MKT. trough with a piece of double sided isolative tape. This way of
Dynamic wetting of PET was previously studied and modelled mounting insured that the bre surface only was analysed but not
using the MKT theory by Blake [11]. Therefore, PET was used for its surrounding. The troughs, holding each bre sample, were then
two purposes, one in which the wetting behaviour of the synthetic inserted in the multispecimen holder. The pressure in the analysis
bre and coir bre were compared and secondly PET was used as a chamber was about 106 Pa. The angle between the normal to the
reference to evaluate MKT tting procedures. sample surface and the direction of photoelectrons collection was
As a second method to determine advancing static contact about 0 . Analyses were performed in the hybrid lens mode with
angles, a variant of the Wilhelmy method was used for wetting the slot aperture and the iris drive position set at 0.5, the result-
measurements with the different test liquids. During the advancing ing analysed area was 700 m 300 m. The pass energy of the
phase, the vertical movement of the liquid beaker was stopped at hemispherical analyser was set at 160 eV for the survey scan and
a certain immersion length of the bre during 360 s to allow relax- 40 eV for narrow scans. In the latter conditions, the full width at half
ation of the liquid meniscus to approach a static condition. The last maximum (FWHM) of the Ag 3d5/2 peak of a standard silver sam-
data point of the wetting force at the end of the relaxation process ple was about 0.9 eV. Charge stabilisation was achieved by using the
was used to calculate the static contact angle. In dynamic phase, Kratos Axis Ultra device. The electron source was operated with a
various measurement speeds ranging from 2 m/s to 500 m/s lament current between 1.9 and 2.1 A and a bias of 1.1 eV. The
were applied. charge balance plate was set between 3.3 and 3.9 V.
The relaxation time was selected based on measurements in The following sequence of spectra was recorded: survey spec-
sorption test, in which coir bre was immersed in test liquids to trum, C 1s, O 1s, N 1s, Ca 2p, Si 2p, and C 1s again to check for charge
measure sorption mass as a function of time. The sorption mass stability as a function of time and the absence of degradation of the
mainly was a sum of force created by wetting (transformed into sample during the analysis. The C(C, H) component of the C 1s peak
mass) and absorbed liquid into the bre. The results showed that of carbon was xed to 284.8 eV to set the binding energy scale.
the recorded mass initially uctuated due to the movement of wet- The data analysis was performed with the CasaXPS program
ting line on the rough surface of the bres. Then, it typically reached (Casa Software Ltd., UK). Mole fractions were calculated using
a stable value after approximately 200 s (Fig. 3); which indicates peak areas normalised on the basis of acquisition parameters
that the static condition of wetting had been reached, and the after a linear background subtraction and consideration of experi-
absorption process may completed. mental sensitivity factors and transmission factors (depending on
The advancing static contact angle values obtained from the two kinetic energy, analyser pass energy and lens combination) pro-
above approximations were applied in the OwensWendt method vided by the manufacturer. C 1s spectra were decomposed with a
to estimate coir bre surface energy and its polar and dispersive Gaussian/Lorentzian (70/30) product function, by constraining the
components. FWHMs of all components to be equal.
276
0.018 Table 2
Fibre wetted perimeter (mm) from different methods.
Fibre Fibre no. Methods

0.016
Force (mN)
n-Hexane wetting Image analysis
1 0.715 0.003 0.767 0.014

0.014 2 0.442 0.003 0.462 0.027
Coir 3 0.913 0.004 0.961 0.027
y = -0.0002x + 0.0157 4 0.777 0.003 0.799 0.043
0.012
R2 = 0.8676 5 0.952 0.004 0.982 0.042
PET 2.621 0.002 2.549 0.022

0.01
0 2 4 6 8 10 12
measurement is small, and can be eliminated. Thus, the wetted
position (mm)
perimeter is mainly determined by the contour of the bre and the
Fig. 4. A typical wetting forceposition curve in the experiment determining bre
lacuna. In case of the PET bre, the wetted perimeter is identically
wetted perimeter using n-Hexane. the bre perimeter.
The wetted perimeter of PET bres and ve samples coir bres is
shown in Table 2. For PET bres, there is a good agreement between
Unmodied coir as used in the wetting measurements and mod- the results of two methods with less than 3% difference. For the coir
ied coir were characterised. A surface modication procedure of bres, a quite good agreement is also found. However, the results
coir was carried out by soaking unmodied coir in n-Hexane for of the image analysis are systematically higher than those of the
24 h at ambient temperature, followed by washing with deionised n-Hexane wetting, in the order of 37%. A possible explanation for
water, then drying under vacuum at 90 C for 2 h. this slight discrepancy is that the wetting of n-Hexane may not
occur over the whole length of the bre lacuna, while image has
4. Results and discussion been selected where the contour of the bre lacuna is included in
the images analysis (although not necessarily the largest lacuna
4.1. Wetting measurements cross-section may have been found). It is likely that the precise
value of the wetted perimeter is somewhere in between the values
4.1.1. Fibre wetted perimeter measured with the two methods. When comparing the two meth-
Fig. 4. shows a typical plot of wetting force vs. immersion posi- ods, the wetting procedure is less time consuming than the image
tion during a wetting measurement of coir bre in n-Hexane. The analysis.
extrapolated value of the force at the position of zero immersion
depth was used for calculating the wetted perimeter (at zero buoy- 4.1.2. Advancing dynamic contact angles
ancy). In Fig. 5, an image of a coir bre cross-section was examined, Typical dynamic contact angle measurements of coir and PET
in which bre wetted perimeter is the sum of the bre contour and bres in water at a measurement speed of 25 m/s are shown in
the contour of the bre lacuna. It is reported that a lacuna occurs Fig. 6, after buoyancy subtraction. The advancing angles of coir are
in coir bres with different sizes depending on bre diameter and observably stable, while there is a big scatter of the receding con-
position along the bre and that it would be bigger in thicker bres. tact angles. In case of PET, both advancing and receding angles are
The lumen of single bre cells (elementary bres) has length and steady. The difference of advancing and receding angles is known
width in ranges of 0.711.06 mm and 0.01070.0142 mm respec- as contact angle hysteresis and is explained by the nature of the
tively [22,23]. Therefore, the effect of the lumens on the wetting bre surface [11], mainly due to the effect of adsorbed liquid when
Fig. 5. Image analysis of bre cross-section using the software Leica Qwin to determine bre wetted length.
277
The dynamic contact angles of coir bres in water,

diiodomethane and benzyl alcohol at different measurement
speeds ranging from 2 m/s to 8000 m/s were determined using
the Wilhelmy method. The results indicate that the advancing
angles are speed-dependent in all the test liquids. The angles vary
from 80 to 105 in water, 55 to 64 in diiodomethane and from
29 to 36 in benzyl alcohol respectively (Fig. 7). This behaviour
of angle speed-dependence also occurs with PET having a contact
angle in water ranging from 82 to 110 in the same speed range
as above. Similar results with PET were also reported in the study
of Blake [11].
4.1.3. Effect of liquid absorption on the contact angles

Since the contact angle is calculated from the measured wet-
Fig. 6. Typical dynamic contact angle measurements of coir and PET bres.
ting force, any incorrect value of the force would lead to an error
for the contact angle result. Table 3 shows the amount of liquid
absorption in the bres and its effect on the calculated angles. The
the liquid is receding. The effect seems to be stronger with coir
results indicate that the effect is small with water and bigger with
bre, which has higher surface roughness, and more chemical and
diiodomethane and benzyl alcohol. The contact angles in water and
topographical heterogeneities than the PET bre. Observation of
diiodomethane seem to be not altered by the absorption. However,
coir bres by SEM, shows a circular cross-section and a relatively
they change approximately 2 in case of benzyl alcohol. Among
smooth surface (Fig. 2a and b). This structure of the coir surface
these test liquids, the absorption of benzyl alcohol is quite high.
apparently leads to stable advancing angles, but it does lead to
However, its inuence is not pronounced since the absorbed mass
uctuating receding angles. This is an important reason why only
is only approximately 2% of the total wetting mass. Another consid-
advancing contact angles have been analysed.
eration is that the contact angles are calculated via a cosine function
in the Wilhelmy equation. Consequently, the nature of the cosine
function makes the angles close to 90 less sensitive to a change
a 110
in the force than those close to 0 or 180 . In this way, the bigger
variation in case of benzyl alcohol can also be explained by its low
contact angle ( 0)
100
contact angle with coir.
90
80 4.1.4. Advancing static contact angle approximation using the

Molecular-kinetic theory
70 The dynamic advancing angles and MKT tting curves of PET
and coir in water are presented in Fig. 7. Using a characteristic
60
length of 1.16 nm and an equilibrium displacement frequency K0
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
of 1.55 105 s1 for PET, the MKT tted well the experimental con-
b 120 tact angle data with R2 = 0.95 (Fig. 7a). In a previous study of Blake,
which models the dynamic wetting of water on PET at low speeds,
100
values of of 1.06 nm and K0 of 2.5 105 s1 were found, which are
contact angle ( 0)
80 quite similar. As noted in literature [11,20], some level of discrep-

ancy can be explained by differences in bre surface roughness and
60
polymer crystallinity.
40 The same tting procedure is applied for the wetting of water on
coir with of 1.21 nm and K0 of 0.12 105 s1 giving a good agree-
20
ment between experimental data and the MKT theoretical curve
0 with R2 = 0.95. The tting parameters and K0 are in the same order
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000 of magnitude when comparing between coir and PET. The change
velocity (m/s) of K0 is more pronounced than for but is not unusual. Vega et al.
worked with Nylon bre [20] and saw that K0 increased by a fac-
water diiodomethane benzyl alcohol MKT fitting
tor of 70 when Nylon was studied with ve different liquids. Here,
The MKT tting curve provides a static contact angle of 77.3 with
Fig. 7. Dynamic advancing contact angle at various measurement speeds of (a)
PET in water (b) coir in different liquids. Solid curve is non-linear regression of water, showing relatively hydrophobic properties of the coir bre
experimental data following MKT. surface.
Table 3
The effect of absorbed liquid into coir bre on its dynamic contact angle with various test uids; mass range is presented due to different perimeter of test samples.
Liquids Absorption (%) Absorbed mass Mass created by Contact angle ( ) Contact angle Number of samples
(mg) (range) wetting (mg) variation ( )
(range)
Water 5.2 1.1 0.0130.023 0.1750.956 82.9 4.4 0.2 0.1 5

Diiodomethane 5.0 2.1 0.0120.019 0.6981.986 54.4 2.4 0.3 0.1 5
Benzyl alcohol 14.4 5.8 0.0210.073 1.3663.225 24.3 3.6 1.9 0.9 5
278
dynamic wetting after that the movement is stopped. A relaxation

process at maximum immersion depth is then followed in order
to approach a static condition after the relaxation of the liquid
meniscus. At the end of the process, an apparent static angle is
obtained.
Fig. 9 shows the relationship between the dynamic angles and
the static angles, as determined by the static angle approximation
procedure. It can be observed that the dynamic angles are speed
dependent, while the static angles are steady at different applied
measurement speeds. The obtained static angles are all distributed
around the same value in different measurements performed at a
range of speeds. In this study, the static angles are presented in two
ways: mean value of all static angles (W1) and the value obtained by
linear trend of the static angles corresponding to different immer-
sion speeds in dynamic phase (W2). As summarized in Table 4, it is
likely that this angle is stable and can be conrmed as the advancing
static angles. Similar results of both W1 and W2 show that the static
angles are not inuenced by changing immersion speed in dynamic
Fig. 8. Typical experimental results of static contact angle approximation during
stationary immersion of coir in water. phase. Moreover, there is a good agreement between the advancing
static contact angles of MKT tting and these of this method.
Based on the above approach, the results of advancing static
Fig. 7b also presents the MKT t of the wetting of diiodomethane angles can be used to estimate the coir surface energy consisting of
and benzyl alcohol on coir. In diiodomethane, a good tting is polar and dispersive fractions.
obtained with of 1.92 nm, K0 of 0.18 105 s1 and R2 = 0.92 pro-
viding a static contact angle of 48.2 . And a good t is obtained
with R2 = 0.91, of 2.19 nm and K0 of 0.14 105 s1 in case of ben- 4.1.6. Surface energy of coir bre
zyl alcohol. The static angle of coir in benzyl alcohol following the Following Eq. (7), the advancing static contact angles of coir
MKT t curve is 25.1 . bre in various test liquids
can be transformed into values of the
term lv (cos + 1)/2 LV d and plotted as a function of the term
p

4.1.5. Advancing static contact angle from relaxation experiments LV / LVd as shown in Fig. 10. From the slope and the intercept of
Fig. 8 shows a typical result of the static contact angle approxi- the linear relationship, respectively the polar and dispersive parts
mation at different speeds in dynamic contact angle measurements. of the coir bre surface tension are calculated, as can be seen in
At a given speed, the dynamic contact angles are measured in Table 4. Since the advancing static contact angles of the test liquids
a 110 b 100
100
90
90
contact angle ( 0)
contact angle ( 0)
80 80
70
70
60
50 60
40
50
30
20 40
1 10 100 1000 1 10 100 1000
immersion speed (m/s) immersion speed (m/s)
c 70 d 60
60
contact angle ( 0)
contact angle ( 0)
50
50
40
40
30
30
20
20
10 10
0 0
1 10 100 1000 1 10 100 1000
immersion speed (m/s) immersion speed (m/s)
Fig. 9. Advancing contact angles () and static contact angles corresponding to different measurement speeds in dynamic phase () of (a) coir in water (b) PET in water (c)
coir in diiodomethane (d) coir in benzyl alcohol.
279
Table 4
Summary of advancing static contact angles in different test liquids, and estimated surface energy of coir bre according to 3 methods to determine the andvancing static
contact angles.
Methods Advancing static contact angle ( ) Surface energy (mN/m)
Water Diiodomethane Benzyl alcohol Total Polar Dispersive
MKT t 77.3 0.3 48.2 0.3 25.1 0.6 38.8 3.8 5.7 1.5 33.1 3.5
Mean value (W1) 75.6 5.9 50.9 2.1 26.1 3.1 38.4 4.0 6.9 1.8 31.5 3.6
Wilhelmy static approximation
Linear trend (W2) 74.9 1.2 50.6 0.7 26.5 0.5 38.7 4.4 7.2 2.0 31.5 4.0
of lignin lm is found to be 52.5 mN/m with dispersive component

of 4043.5 mN/m in the work of Lee and Lunar [28]. Our estimated
surface energy of coir is somewhat higher than that of waxes and
lower than that of lignin. It seems to reect well the properties of
the coir surface that exists not only of waxes with non-polar surface
energy but also of lignin and fats with polar components.
The result of the bre surface energy analysis provides mean-
ingful information to characterise brematrix compatibility in
terms of matching surface energies. Based on this study, either bre
treatments or matrix modications can be selected to improve the
interface compatibility and adhesion of composites. For instance,
coir bres have potential in creating impact resistant composites
and for impact resistance optimising the interfacial adhesion is
crucial.
Fig. 10. Owens/Wendt plot to estimate the surface energy of coir bre using the 4.2. Surface chemical analysis of coir bre
static contact angles obtained from different approaches (MKT, Wilhelmy with mean
value (W1) and linear trend (W2)).
Relative atomic percentages of the elements detected by XPS,
together with the oxygen to carbon atomic ratio of unmodied and
on the coir bre can be obtained from three different ways (MKT modied coir bres are provided in Table 5. It is observed that a high
tting, W1 and W2), the surface energies were calculated using data proportion of carbon in unmodied coir may represent a hydrocar-
of three above described methods. bon rich waxy layer on the surface. In the same fashion, the low
Considering the series of contact angles obtained from the dif- oxygencarbon ratio also indicates a high proportion of aliphatic
ferent methods, the total surface energy of coir bre is around and aromatic carbons [29]. After the modication of the coir sur-
38.5 mN/m with a high dispersive fraction of 3133 mN/m. The face with n-Hexane, the carbon percentage decreases while the O/C
surface energy is close to the range often quoted for hydrophobic ratio increases. The O/C value of 0.38 is close to that reported for
materials (from 28 to 34 mN/m) [24]. Several studies on coir bres thio lignin (O/C of 0.38) and dioxane lignin (range of 0.310.36), but
indicate that mainly waxes exist on the coir surface. Moreover, the still far different from cellulose having an O/C ratio of 0.83 [30,31].
coir surface demonstrates the presence of longitudinally orientated Therefore, the surface of modied coir likely has a greater propor-
cells with more or less parallel orientations as seen in Fig. 2c. The tion of lignin. It is probable that waxes and fatty substances on the
intercellular space is lled up by the binder lignin and fatty sub- coir surface are washed away by n-Hexane, to expose the lignin
stances that hold cells rmly bonded in the bre [25,26]. Thus, the which binds the elementary bres [32].
surface energy of coir should be inuenced by a combination of In Fig. 11, typical results of C 1s spectra for unmodied and mod-
waxes, fatty substances and lignin. Bartell and Zuidema provide ied coir are compared. The C 1s peak is decomposed into four
values of the surface tension dispersive part of waxes of 26.5 mN/m sub-peaks C1C4 representing: carbon solely linked to carbon or
and for the polar part values of zero [27], while the surface energy hydrogen CC or CH (C1), carbon singly bound to oxygen or nitro-
Fig. 11. Typical C 1s spectra, decomposed into four components C1C4 for (a) unmodied coir (b) n-Hexane modied coir.
280
Table 5
Relative atomic percentages, O/C ratio, and decomposition of C 1s peaks obtained by XPS on unmodied and modied coir bres.
Fibres C (%) O (%) N (%) Si (%) O/C Binding energy (eV)
284.8 0.1 286.3 0.1 287.5 0.3 288.8 0.1
C1 (%) C2 (%) C3 (%) C4 (%)
(CC/CH) (CO) (C O/OCO) (OC O)
Unmodied coir 74.9 3.3 21.8 4.5 1.7 0.4 0.9 0.7 0.29 0.07 66.2 10.4 23.1 5.9 6.2 3.0 4.5 2.4
n-Hexane modied coir 69.7 1.4 26.6 1.5 3.1 0.5 0.4 0.1 0.38 0.03 53.0 1.0 30.2 0.8 9.2 0.6 7.6 0.9
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Journal of Food Engineering 105 (2011) 617624
Journal of Food Engineering

journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/jfoodeng
Prediction of optimal cooking time for boiled potatoes by hyperspectral imaging

N. Nguyen Do Trong a,, M. Tsuta a,b, B.M. Nicola a, J. De Baerdemaeker a, W. Saeys a
a
Division of Mechatronics, Biostatistics and Sensors (MeBioS), Department of Biosystems, University of Leuven (K.U. Leuven), Kasteelpark Arenberg 30, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
b
National Food Research Institute, 2-1-12 Kan-nondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8642, Japan
Article history: Cooking of potatoes causes changes in the microstructure and composition of starch. These changes affect
Received 17 September 2010 the interaction of light with the starch granules at different regions inside the potato. In this research, the
Received in revised form 2 March 2011 potential of hyperspectral imaging in the wavelength range 4001000 nm in combination with chemo-
Accepted 29 March 2011
metric tools and image processing for contactless detection of the cooking front in potatoes has been
Available online 3 April 2011
investigated. Partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLSDA) was employed to discriminate between
the pixel spectra for the cooked regions and those for the remaining raw regions. In a next step image
Keywords:
processing techniques were applied to detect the cooking front in the images obtained by the PLSDA pixel
Hyperspectral imaging
PLSDA
classication. From each of the resulting images with detected cooking fronts, the ratio of the remaining
Image processing raw part area over the total potato area was then calculated. Finally, the effect of the cooking time on this
ratio was modeled to be able to predict the optimal cooking time. The results illustrate the potential of
hyperspectral imaging as a process monitoring tool for the potato processing industry.
2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
1. Introduction Blahovec et al. (2007) applied a vibration technique to estimate

the potato cooking kinetics responsible for softening and found
Cooked potato is one of the most consumed foods in Europe. out that the application of this technique is limited to small tubers
During the cooking process, changes of the starch microstructure only. However, these researches did not optimize the cooking time
and composition inside the potatoes occur when a threshold tem- or provide a good way to predict optimal cooking time for the
perature is exceeded. Since the potatoes heat up from the outside potatoes.
to the inside, there is a cooking front which moves from the outside Hyperspectral reectance imaging has been broadly applied to
to the inside and nally reaches the center of the potato. This cook- detect defects, contaminants and quality attributes of fruit, vegeta-
ing front is actually the interface between uncooked and fully bles and meat products. Typically multivariate statistics and image
cooked parts. When this cooking front has reached the center, processing are used for differentiating between the regions of inter-
the potato is fully cooked. A contactless and objective method for est and other parts of the analyzed samples. Tsuta et al. (2002) visu-
detection of the cooking front in potatoes would thus provide an alized the sugar content distribution in the esh of half-cut melons
innovative and efcient process monitoring tool. Such a tool could based on the sugar absorption band in the near-infrared (NIR) re-
allow to predict the optimal cooking time for a potato batch based gion. Peirs et al. (2003) developed a technique using a threshold va-
on a limited number of samples analyzed throughout the cooking lue of the rst principal component score image to determine the
process. This would help saving cooking energy and preventing maturity stage of pre-climacteric apple fruit. Park et al. (2005) dem-
overcooked products. onstrated the potential of hyperspectral imaging for detecting sur-
Several methods have been described for measuring cookedness face fecal and ingesta contaminants on poultry carcasses by
of potatoes which highly correlates to softening. Kozempel (1988) utilizing a band-ratio image processing algorithm for hyperspectral
used the maximum force acquired in back-extrusion test as a mea- images with different pre-processing methods. Xing et al. (2005,
sure of texture of cooked potatoes. Harada et al. (1985) character- 2006, 2007) detected bruises on apples and identied stem-end/ca-
ized the texture of cooked potatoes by the maximum shear force. lyx by combination of chemometric tools and image processing on
Collison et al. (1980) and Verlinden et al. (1995) applied a uniaxial hyperspectral images. Nicola et al. (2006) constructed a discrimi-
compression test and used rupture force as a measure of potato nant PLS calibration model to discriminate between unaffected ap-
cookedness. Also nondestructive methods have been used: ple skin and bitter pit lesions. Qiao et al. (2007) classied pork meat
quality (color, texture and exudation characteristics) and marbling
Corresponding author. Fax: +32 16321994. level by applying articial neural networks to quality groups clus-
E-mail addresses: nghia.nguyendotrong@biw.kuleuven.be, ndtnghia@gmail.com
tered by principal components analysis. Liu et al. (2007) explored
(N. Nguyen Do Trong). the potential of hyperspectral imaging for the detection of fecal
0260-8774/$ - see front matter 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
doi:10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2011.03.031
283
618 N. Nguyen Do Trong et al. / Journal of Food Engineering 105 (2011) 617624
contaminants on apple surfaces. By comparing a number of pro- potatoes due to low relative humidity in the environment. After
cessed images, the results indicated that a dual-band ratio algo- the potatoes were cooled to ambient temperature, they were used
rithm could be used to identify fecal contaminated skins for hyperspectral image acquisition.
effectively. Gowen et al. (2008) implemented a procedure based
on principal components analysis and linear discriminant analysis 2.3. Hyperspectral imaging setup
for discrimination of whole undamaged and freeze-damaged
mushrooms. Karimi et al. (2009) classied color of avocados sub- The hyperspectral imaging setup which was previously used in
jected to different treatments by hyperspectral technique and many published researches (Peirs et al., 2003; Xing et al., 2005,
application of a discrimination procedure with a well-chosen sub- 2006, 2007; Nicola et al., 2006) consists of four main components:
set of selected wavebands. Ariana et al. (2006) and Ariana and Lu a sample transportation plate, two 150 W halogen lamps, an
(2009) employed hyperspectral imaging in the range 900 ImSpector V10 spectrograph (Spectral Imaging Ltd., Oulu, Finland)
1700 nm for detection of bruises on pickling cucumbers and in coupled with a standard C-mount zoom lens (Cosmicar, Japan), and
the range 4001000 nm for evaluation of internal defect and sur- a monochrome CCD camera KP-F120 (Hitachi Denshi Ltd., UK). The
face color of whole pickles. Sugiyama et al. (2010) achieved the sample transportation plate and the two halogen lamps are in-
visualization of foreign materials (leaves and stems) in frozen blue- stalled inside a dome painted with a special white paint which pro-
berries by NIR spectral imaging and discriminant analysis. Foreign vides very good diffuse reection of the light. The two lamps emit
materials were clearly distinguished from blueberries as black light towards the dome and the light reected by the dome subse-
areas in the binary images obtained by applying the discriminant quently illuminates the sample. This reected light is much more
function and threshold value to each pixel of the absorbance diffuse and uniform than the original light emitted by the lamps.
images taken at 1268 and 1317 nm, which were the optimal illumi- When the transportation system operates, the sample is gradually
nation wavelengths for distinguishing foreign materials. moved through the eld of the line-scanning spectrograph, such
Computer vision has also been used for non-destructive and that each line is imaged. The zoom lens focuses each line on the
automated quality inspection for variety of food products: pizza sample onto the entrance slit of the spectrograph (80 lm width).
(Sun, 2000; Sun and Brosnan, 2003a,b), cheese (Wang and Sun, Subsequently, an optical assembly (prismgratingprism) inside
2003), and cooked beef joints (Zheng et al., 2006). In these re- the spectrograph disperses this rst line-scan image into many
searches, image processing techniques and multivariate statistics secondary line-scan images depending on its wavelengths and pro-
were successfully applied on RGB format images for non-destructive jects them onto the CCD sensors of the camera (Fig. 1). The camera
quality evaluation. sensors record each measured line-scan area on the sample as a 2D
From the above, it can be concluded that there is a need for a spatial-spectral matrix. Incoming light signals to the camera are
rapid and objective method to monitor the potato cooking in captured and converted to electrical signals by CCD imaging sen-
industry. Therefore, the potential of hyperspectral imaging in com- sors (1392 1040 effective pixels). The spectrograph has a work-
bination with chemometrics and image processing to visualize the ing wavelength range from 400 nm to 1000 nm which is also
evolution of the cooking front and to predict the optimal cooking well-compatible with the sensitivity of the camera. The spectral
time for boiled potatoes has been investigated in this study. and spatial resolution on a line-scan image are 0.7 nm/pixel and
65 lm/pixel, respectively. The line-scan images are exported in
2. Materials and methods the form of 10-bit intensity images. A computer system and Lab-
View software (version 7.1, National Instruments Corporation,
2.1. Potato samples Austin, USA) are used to capture all the line-scan images and save
them for further analysis. The whole setup is placed in a dark room
Thirty-three potato tubers with average diameter 52 mm were to minimize the effects of ambient light during measurement.
purchased from a local supermarket in Leuven, Belgium one day
before the experiment. In the supermarket, these potatoes had 2.4. Scanning procedure
been stored in a cool environment at about 7 C. After purchase
these were stored under ambient temperature for about 18 h in or- Only one half of each potato was scanned at the cut surface.
der to equilibrate the temperature inside the potatoes to room White and dark reference measurements were carried out for each
temperature. The potatoes were then peeled and carefully washed group before scanning the three potato halves. The white reference
in distilled water to remove dirt on the peeled surfaces. Distilled measurement was performed by using a Teon disk having about
water was used to minimize the effect of unknown soluble sub- 99% reectance in the considered wavelength range. The dark ref-
stances in the water during the subsequent boiling process. erence was collected by switching off all the light sources and
2.2. Cooking experiment
The cooking experiment was performed as follows. Distilled

water was heated in a water-bath until boiling (100 C). The
water-bath temperature was set at 110 C to assure that the water
was kept boiling during cooking the potatoes; which maintained a
sufciently stable heating temperature during the cooking process.
Thirty potato tubers were placed in the water. The three remaining
potatoes were considered as the fully raw group or the group of
0 min cooking. Boiling time was set to: 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18, 21, 24,
27 and 30 min. When each designed boiling time was reached,
three potatoes were randomly taken out of the water-bath and
were immediately cut into half. Next, these potato halves were
put in a plastic container with cover for cooling to ambient temper- Fig. 1. Schematic representation of the hyperspectral imaging system (Nicola et al.,
ature. The cover was used to prevent water loss from the cooled 2006).
284
N. Nguyen Do Trong et al. / Journal of Food Engineering 105 (2011) 617624 619
tightly covering the objective lens with a black cap. Once these tation, dilation and erosion, and image combination, were applied
steps had been accomplished, the power sources of the camera to the PLSDA images.
and halogen lamps were left switched off for about 10 min to let A schematic representation of all the image processing steps ap-
the dome, which had been heated up by the lamps, cool down such plied to the PLSDA images is given in Fig. 2. To acquire the sample
that the CCD sensors kept working properly. After this pause of part and the remaining raw part for one potato sample at each
10 min the entire procedure was repeated for the potatoes treated cooking time, image segmentation was implemented on its PLSDA
with another cooking time. image. The sample part was created by simply segmenting all pix-
els in the PLSDA image which have values larger than 0. By imple-
2.5. Data processing and analysis menting this, the cooked and raw part were merged to create the
sample image of that potato. The raw part was initially formed
The image capture program was developed in Labview software by selecting all pixels in the PLSDA image with the assigned value
(version 7.1, National Instrument Corporation, Austin, USA); while of 2, which represented the raw class. Some small scattered cooked
the processing algorithms were written in Matlab (version 7.5, The pixels were found in the thresholded raw part and vice versa. They
MathWorks Inc., Natick, USA). must likely be mis-classied pixels. An 8-connected neighborhood
was applied to glue every raw pixel with its neighbors which were
2.5.1. Data calibration and pre-processing also classied as raw to create many raw regions in the output im-
2.5.1.1. Data calibration. The hyperspectral setup was wavelength age. Only the largest raw region with highest number of connected
calibrated so that spectral pixels in the line-scan image were re- pixels in this output image was selected as the remaining raw part;
lated to the corresponding wavelengths. Ten pixels in the spectral other small raw spots in the continuous cooked region were re-
dimension were binned and reectance images were calculated as moved. Similarly, in some cases, small detached cooked regions ap-
described in Wallays et al. (2009). The resulting hypercubes had peared on raw region, which could be regarded as holes, were
104 pixels in the spectral axis with 7 nm increments per pixel replaced by raw pixels by a hole lling operation.
and contained the high signal-to-noise spectral region from Because heat transferred from all directions towards the potato
498 nm to 951 nm for further analysis. centers, smooth and circular cooking fronts or boundaries were ex-
pected for all samples. However, there is inhomogeneity in the po-
2.5.1.2. Data smoothing. SavitzkyGolay smoothing with a second tato tissue properties, which leads to variations in the cookedness
order polynomial was applied over a 15 point interval on the spec- of the tissue close to the cooking front. This results in rather
tra of each pixel in the hypercube. blurred cooking fronts. The boundaries were therefore enhanced
by dilation and erosion. A at, disk-shaped with radius 5 pixels
2.5.1.3. Background removal. In each hypercube, the background re- was utilized as structuring element for both dilating and eroding.
gion, which contained information on the background and not on This radius was considerably small compared to the whole sample
the analyzed sample, was removed by thresholding based on a part, which assured that the cooking front was purely enhanced
reconstructed image at 725 nm which provided best discrimina- and there would be negligible expanding or shrinking of the
tion between the sample surface and the background. From these processed raw part. When these aforementioned steps were
images the positions of all the pixels on the boundary of the sample
were located. All the pixels located inside this boundary were con-
sidered as sample and the pixels outside this boundary were clas-
sied as background. A virtual binary image was then created at
this wavelength and used for background removal of all the images
at other wavelengths in the hypercube.
2.5.2. Discrimination between cooked and raw pixels

Partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLSDA), (Brereton,
2007) was employed to discriminate between the pixel spectra
for the cooked regions and those for the remaining raw regions.
For calibrating the PLSDA model, 511,652 pixels corresponding to
2 raw potatoes (0 min group) and 410,281 pixels of 2 fully cooked
potatoes (30 min group) were used. Only pixels from sample areas
were selected (excluding background pixels). 30% of these calibra-
tion pixels were randomly selected for cross-validation. Validation
of this PLSDA model was done using a test set consisting of 207,837
pixels from the third raw potato and 200,576 pixels from the third
fully cooked potato. This PLSDA model was then applied to dis-
criminate between the raw and cooked pixels in the hyperspectral
images from potatoes which had been subjected to different cook-
ing times to predict the remaining raw and cooked parts. These
procedures resulted in an image, called PLSDA image, in which
the pixels of the background, cooked and raw part were assigned
values of 0, 1 and 2, respectively.
2.5.3. Image processing

In order to extract the remaining raw parts on the potato sur-
faces with different cooking times and to create false color images
in which the background, the cooked and the raw parts were seg-
mented and visualized by assigning three colors blue, green and
brown, respectively, image processing techniques such as segmen- Fig. 2. Flow diagram of the image processing steps performed on the PLSDA images.
285
accomplished, the resulted raw part and the sample part were where rf is the radius of the cooking front. By dening a relative area
combined to form the false color image of the considered potato. Arel as:
2.5.4. Prediction of optimal cooking time Araw p r2f rf 2

Arel 5
In each image in which a cooking front was detected, the ratio Apotato p r 20 r0
of the remaining raw part area over the potato area, called relative Araw and Apotato are the areas of the raw part and potato surface.
area, was calculated from the areas in the corresponding seg- Eq. (1) can be rewritten as follows:
mented images. These data were then separated into three series, p
which each consisted of eleven samples, one for each measurement A
k1 A k21 a2 t
1 e r0
prel 6
time. sink1 Arel hf
2.5.4.1. Estimation of the optimal cooking time. To determine the "

p #
A k1
optimal cooking time, the moment when the relative area becomes or ln prel
A t B 7
zero, an equation describing the evolution of the cooking front over sink1 Arel
time, is needed. Such an equation can be derived from heat transfer
theory by making some assumptions: a A1
with A k21 and B ln
r 20 hf
- The temperature of the boiling water (heating medium) is con-
where the time t is in seconds.
sidered constant over time.
For boiling water: h = 1200 (W m2 K1) (engel (1998)) and
- Potatoes are spherical and homogeneous.
r0 = 0.026 (m).
- Heat is transferred homogeneously from all directions towards
Since the maximum temperature of the potato centers at the
the potato centers.
end of the cooking process (30 min) was found to be 88 C, the va-
- Heat transfer in other directions than the radial one can be
lue of the thermal conductivity of potato found by Califano and
neglected.
Calvelo (2006) for 88 C is used:
- The thermal conductivity of the potatoes and the convection
k = 0.797 (W m1 K1) ) Bi = 39.15 ) k1 = 3.061 (engel
heat transfer coefcient of the boiling water are considered
(1998)).
constant.
By substituting k1 into (7) the relative area can be described as a
- No heat generation occurs inside the potatoes during cooking:
function of time:
heat exchange by chemical reactions or structural changes is
" p #
neglected. 3:061 A
ln prel
A t B 8
sin3:061 Arel
With these simplications, the potato cooking process can be
described as heating a spherical and thermodynamically homoge- Since at the optimal cooking time: Arel ? 0, this can be rewritten
neous object in a constant-temperature heating medium (one- as:
dimensional transient heat conduction problem). An approximate "p #
solution describing the radial prole of temperature over time in- A 3:061
lim ln prel
0 9
side the sphere can be found in engel (1998): Arel !0 sin3:061 Arel
2 sink1 rr0 The optimal cooking time can thus be found when the right part
hr; t A1 ek1 s s > 0:2 1 of Eq. (8) equals zero, which corresponds to the time when this line
k1 rr0
intersects with the horizontal axis.
where r (m) and t (s) are the radial position being considered and For each series of potatoes, the optimal cooking time could thus
the time, respectively; r0 (m) is the radius of the potato. A1 and k1 be derived by tting a regression line for the data of the relative
are function of the Biot number only: area over time and calculating the time for which this line inter-
sects the horizontal axis.
h r0
Bi 2
k 2.5.5. Prediction of optimal cooking time by using some potatoes at the
where h (W m2 K1) and k (W m1 K1) are the convection heat beginning
transfer coefcient of boiling water and the thermal conductivity To predict the optimal cooking time from a limited number of
of the potato, respectively. s is the Fourier number: potatoes sampled at the early stages of the cooking process, a sim-
ilar approach was used. First a regression line was t to these data
at in each series of potatoes and then the predicted optimal cooking
s 3
time was calculated for which this line intersects with the horizon-
r 20
tal axis.
where a (m2 s1) is the thermal diffusivity of the potato and h is the The relative error of the optimal cooking time predicted using a
dimensionless temperature dened as: limited number of potatoes topt,pred compared to the experimen-
tally-derived cooking time topt, acquired by using all samples in
Tr; t T w the corresponding series as described above, can be calculated as:
hr; t 4
Ti Tw
t opt;pred topt
Relative error % 100 10
where Ti (C), Tw (C) are the initial temperature of the potato and t opt
the temperature of the boiling water, respectively.
Under the assumption that there are minor variations in starch
structure inside a potato, the temperature at the cooking front is 2.5.6. Prediction of optimal cooking time by using only 2 potatoes
considered constant: The optimal cooking time could also be predicted by using only
2 potatoes (at 0 min and at some other cooking times). In this case
hr f ; t hf const the regression line is t through these two points and the predicted
286
optimal cooking time is determined at the intersection of this line

with the horizontal axis. This approach would be very convenient,
because potatoes would only have to be analyzed once during the
whole process.
The relative error of the predicted optimal cooking time can in
this case also be calculated as described above by using Eq. (10).
3. Results and discussion
3.1. Preliminary analysis
After 30 min of cooking, the average temperature at the centers

of the potatoes in this group was measured with a non-contact
thermometer (Raynger PM2EM, Raytek Inc., USA) to be 88 C. The
appearance of these potatoes was quite soft and many small
cooked starch particles could easily be separated from each other.
These observations clearly indicated that these potatoes had been Fig. 4. Spectra of raw (red) and cooked (blue) pixels in a potato cooked for 12 min.
fully cooked. (For interpretation of the references to color in this gure legend, the reader is
In Fig. 3 false color images measured at 561 and 603 nm for a referred to the web version of this article.)
potato cooked for 12 min are illustrated. Note that the raw (inner
zone) and cooked (outer ring) parts can be distinguished clearly.
The pixel spectra of 1000 pixels from the raw region and
1000 pixels from the cooked part randomly chosen from the hyper-
cube for this potato are illustrated in Fig. 4.
Although spectral differences can be observed in Fig. 4, there is
no single wavelength which provides perfect separation of both
groups. This was supported by the fact that no signicant differ-
ences could be found between the reectance values of the cooked
and raw pixels. Chemometric tools were therefore necessary to ex-
tract and concentrate the spectral information in the sample
hypercubes.
Fig. 5. PLSDA model validation results for a raw (0 min; left) and fully cooked
3.2. PLSDA modeling (30 min; right) potato. Brown color denotes pixels classied as raw, green color
represents pixels classied as fully cooked. (For interpretation of the references to
A calibration model with 7 latent variables was considered to color in this gure legend, the reader is referred to the web version of this article.)
give the best trade-off between undertting and overtting, and
thus selected for further use. The validation false color images of
the 2 potatoes are illustrated in Fig. 5. corresponding false color images resulting from image processing
These validation results clearly indicate good classication are presented. When the cooking time increases, the cooked part
capability of the constructed PLSDA model in predicting new pix- evolves by all directions from the outside toward the center owing
els: 95.82% of the raw pixels and 97.91% of the fully cooked pixels to homogeneous temperature of boiling water which is the heating
were classied correctly. Mis-classication in raw potato mostly medium surrounding all potatoes. The remaining raw part disap-
happened in boundary regions where the pixels were classied pears after 2124 min of cooking.
as cooked while the potato was still completely raw. This can be From 3 to 9 min, the cooking boundary shrinks in a non-circular
explained by the fact that these regions gave low reectance values way from outside to inside; whereas from minute 12 to minute 21,
due to the edge responses such that the PLSDA model identied it evolves more or less circularly toward the center. This can be ex-
these as cooked. plained by the fact that after 12 min the outside region, from the
sample boundary to the cooking boundary, has been subjected to
3.3. Classifying pixels of potatoes with different cooking times the cooking process long enough to change the reectance values
of all the pixels in this region sufciently to allow the PLSDA model
In Fig. 6 the PLSDA images of potatoes with different cooking to identify and classify these as cooked parts. While at early stage
times, as predicted by the selected PLSDA model, and the of the cooking process (from 3 to 9 min), increasing temperature
inside the potato tissue is just sufcient to cause signicant spec-
tral changes at some but not all regions at a certain radial distance
from the potato edge; which would result in a non-circular cooking
front. This explanation is supported by the fact that there are dif-
ferences in starch structures and properties from region to region
in one potato sample. When being heated, these regions will be-
have differently which has its implications on the changes in the
spectral responses. From 24 to 27 min, the PLSDA model produces
less mis-classications compared to 30 min. This could be ex-
plained by the quite soft structure of potato starch resulting from
overcooking which causes small starch particles to be separated
and scattered on the cut surface after cutting. This may have chan-
Fig. 3. Reconstructed images at 561 nm (left) and 603 nm (right) for a potato ged the reectance values in these regions and reduced the classi-
cooked for 12 min. fying capability of the PLSDA model.
287
Fig. 6. PLSDA images of potatoes with different cooking times predicted by the PLSDA model (rst row) and corresponding false color images resulting from image processing
(second row).
3.4. Prediction of optimal cooking time
3.4.1. Estimation of the optimal cooking time

Because the derived theoretical model only holds for suf-
ciently large cooking time (Eq. (1)), data of relative area over time
in the range 06 min were not considered for tting the regression
lines. The fact that unexpected non-circular cooking fronts appear
in Fig. 6 for the potatoes at 3 and 6 min clearly supports this re-
moval. The mis-classication at the edge regions of the potatoes
at 0 min as observed in Fig. 6 is also a motivation for the exclusion
of the data at 0 min.
Fig. 7 shows the regression lines for three series of potatoes t-
ted on the data for 921 min of cooking. The experimental data t
clearly quite well the derived theoretical model, which is sup-
ported by the high values of R2. The derived optimal cooking times
for 1st, 2nd and 3rd series of potatoes were 21.39, 19.66 and
20.44 min, respectively. The variation in the estimated optimal
cooking times is rather limited and can be contributed to variations
among the different potato samples. It should be noted that the
optimal cooking times derived from the regression lines of group
2 and 3 are slightly smaller than those acquired from the false color Fig. 7. Three tted regression lines for three groups of potatoes. Only data from 9 to
images resulting from the PLSDA model (Fig. 6), which indicated an 21 min were used for tting the lines.
optimal cooking time between 21 and 24 min. This underestima-
tion of the optimal cooking time might be due to inaccuracies of the PLSDA model and small deviation of the output cooking fronts
the simplied heat transfer model considered. Other factors con- (Fig. 6) from the real cooking fronts caused by the image process-
tributing to this underestimation could be mis-classications of ing steps for the potatoes in the range 921 min. However, this
288
Fig. 9. Relative error of predicted optimal cooking time when using only 2 potatoes.
Fig. 8. Relative error of predicted optimal cooking time when using some potatoes
at the beginning.
underestimation of the optimal cooking time is difcult to solve by retical model were not included. When the cooking time ap-
removal of the image processing steps, because the image process- proaches the optimal cooking time, the relative error keeps
ing procedure obviously provided a better morphological visualiza- decreasing, but still does not reach zero (except for group 1). This
tion of the cooking fronts as presented in Fig. 6 and removed can probably be explained by the inaccuracy of the simplied heat
mis-classied pixels which made calculation of the relative raw transfer model for shorter cooking times. Since the propagation of
areas feasible. the cooking front in the rst minutes is underestimated by this
model, the slope of the linear relation for the longer cooking times
3.4.2. Prediction of optimal cooking time by using some potatoes at the is over-estimated by using the raw potatoes for estimating this
beginning regression line (Fig. 7).
Fig. 8 shows the differences between real cooking time and pre- The approach using one raw potato and one potato at a higher
dicted values at different designed cooking times. At each cooking cooking time (1218 min) would thus be the better choice not only
time, a regression line was t through all values that were mea- because of the higher accuracy, but also from a practical point of
sured so far. The optimal cooking time was then predicted as the view: only potatoes from one cooking time would have to be sam-
time for which the estimated regression line intersected the hori- pled for hyperspectral analysis. This is obviously a promising result
zontal axis. towards the application of hyperspectral imaging as a process
There is a clearly decreasing trend in relative errors of predicted monitoring tool for the potato industry. However, if a higher accu-
optimal cooking times when more potatoes subjected to longer racy of the estimated optimal cooking time is desired it would be
cooking time are included in the estimation of the prediction mod- better to replace the value for a raw potato by those measured
el. During the rst-half of the cooking process (from 39 min), for potatoes sampled at another cooking time for which the model
regardless of the outlier at 6 min of group 3, the optimal cooking assumptions hold (e.g. 9 min).
time could be predicted with quite high relative errors (ranging
from 3050%). This could be explained by the non-circular evolu- 4. Conclusions
tion of the cooking front as observed from the PLSDA results
(Fig. 6) while the theory assumes a circular evolution. In the sec- The potential of hyperspectral imaging for the contactless
ond-half of the cooking process (from 1218 min) where the cook- detection of the cooking front in potatoes has been investigated
ing front in the PLSDA images evolves more circularly (Fig. 6), for a batch of potatoes. Cooked and raw parts of boiled potatoes
much better relative errors are obtained (1220%). were discriminated successfully. Image processing allowed to en-
hance the cooking front. By modeling the evolution of the cooking
3.4.3. Prediction of optimal cooking time by using only 2 potatoes front over time the optimal cooking time could be predicted with
When only two potatoes are used to build the prediction model less than 10% relative error.
(Fig. 9) the overall trend is very similar to that observed when From this study it can be concluded that the combination of
using more potatoes (Fig. 8): the relative error decreases when a hyperspectral imaging, chemometrics and image processing has
potato with longer cooking time is used. However, there are some potential as a process monitoring tool for the potato processing
remarkable differences. When the values corresponding to a raw industry. Further research involving a larger number of potatoes
potato and those measured for a potato from the second-half of is, however, needed to fully explore its potential for application.
the cooking process (1218 min) are combined to t the prediction
model, the relative error is better than when all potatoes up to that Acknowledgment
cooking time are used for estimating the prediction model (Fig. 8).
In this case relative errors less than 10% and some times even less The authors would like to acknowledge VLIR (Flemish Interuni-
than 7% are obtained. A possible explanation could be that the versity Council, Belgium) for the nancial support. Mizuki Tsuta
potatoes in the rst-half of the process with their errors due to would like to acknowledge the Japanese Society for the Promotion
the non-circular evolution and unfulllment of the derived theo- of Science (JSPS) for funding as a JSPS Postdoctoral Researcher for
289
Research Abroad. Wouter Saeys is funded as a Postdoctoral Re- Peirs, A., Scheerlinck, N., De Baerdemaeker, J., Nicola, B.M., 2003. Starch index
determination of apple fruit by means of a hyperspectral near infrared
searcher of the Research Foundation Flanders (FWO).
reectance imaging system. Journal of Near Infrared Spectroscopy 11, 379
389.
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290
Bioresource Technology 101 (2010) 88918896
Bioresource Technology
journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/biortech
Extraction and analysis of neutral lipids from activated sludge with and without
sub-critical water pre-treatment
Lien-Huong Huynh, Novy Srihartati Kasim, Yi-Hsu Ju *
Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, 43 Keelung Road, Section 4, Taipei 10607, Taiwan
Article history: Activated sludge with its high lipid content is a potential raw material for producing biodiesel. Sub-crit-
Received 20 March 2010 ical water (SCW) treatment has been known to be a cheap and effective method for reducing organic
Received in revised form 24 June 2010 compounds, especially carcinogenic aromatic compounds such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons or
Accepted 26 June 2010
polychlorobiphenyls in activated sludge as well as increasing the amount of extractable lipids. In this
work, the amount of neutral lipids and fatty acid proles in neutral lipids extracted from activated sludge
both with and without SCW pre-treatment were investigated. Results showed that the amount of neutral
Keywords:
lipid extracted from SCW treated activated sludge is almost four times to those without SCW treatment.
Activated sludge
Sub-critical water
However, there is no observable difference between the fatty acid proles of neutral lipids obtained from
Biodiesel activated sludge with and without SCW treatment. At least 14 kinds of fatty acids were identied in the
Neutral lipids neutral lipids of sludge oil.
Fatty acid 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
1. Introduction In Taiwan, BD currently is mainly derived from waste edible oil,

energy crops and imported vegetable oil (Tsai et al., 2007). Accord-
With the rapid development of science and technology, human- ing to Huang and Wu (2008), energy crops have not yet been cul-
kind is increasingly facing with shortage of fossil based energy sup- tivated on a large scale in Taiwan. In addition, price of BD obtained
ply and environment concerns. It is clearly that diesel fuel has been from cultivated crops is even twice of those from imported oil. For
playing an essential role in our daily life, especially in transporta- example, BD produced from cultivated sunower seed and im-
tion. Economic growth will lead to gaining demand for diesel fuel, ported palm oil costs 1.92 (US$) and 0.87 (US$), respectively.
so it is consequently important to seek for alternative substitutes Hence it is important to search for cheaper feed stock for producing
for fossil based fuels. Recently, bio-energy, especially biodiesel BD with the potential of being competitive to petro-diesel in price.
(BD), produced from biomass sources, has attracted much atten- Activated sludge which contains lipid has the potential as an
tion all over the world especially for countries with limited arable alternative raw material for BD production. Activated sludge is a
land such as Taiwan. solid or semi solid residue generated in biological treatment of
BD, which can be mixed with petro-diesel at any proportion and waste water. It was found that sewage sludge contains approxi-
used directly in diesel engine without any modication, is biode- mately 20% ether-soluble grease (Dufreche et al., 2007) accompa-
gradable, non-toxic with low emission prole and hence environ- nied with large amount of phospholipids originated from cell
mentally friendly, (Ma and Hanna, 1999). BD is produced from membrane of microorganism, which could be utilized for BD pro-
the transesterication reaction of alkyl alcohols, usually methanol, duction. It is estimated that 60,000 tons of dried sludge are pro-
with vegetable oils or animal fat. Currently, commercial production duced each year in Taiwan (Lee, 2007), with a potential of
of BD mostly uses rened edible oil as the raw material and this producing more than 12,000 tons of BD per years from sewage
has considerable impact on edible oil supply in the market. Expen- sludge.
sive feed stocks which can account for up to 80% of BD price have Sub-critical water (SCW) has been known as a uniquely special
made BD unable to compete against diesel fuel in price (Hass and medium or solvent for various chemical reaction and extraction of
Foglia, 2005). Ideas of using non edible oils or used frying oil have compounds. SCW extraction is able to selectively extract different
partly helped relieve the increasing demand of raw material. How- classes of compounds at various temperatures since the polarity of
ever, the search of cheap raw material for the production of BD still water changes with temperature as long as the water is maintained
remains as a challenge. at its sub-critical condition. Moreover, SCW can also act as an effec-
tive catalyst for a hydrolysis or biodegradation reaction. It has been
* Corresponding author. Tel.: +886 2 27376612; fax: +886 2 27376644. demonstrated by Galkin and Lunin (2005) that SCW can com-
E-mail address: yhju@mail.ntust.edu.tw (Y.-H. Ju). pletely remove a wide variety of organic pollutant from industrial
0960-8524/$ - see front matter 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
doi:10.1016/j.biortech.2010.06.135
291
8892 L.-H. Huynh et al. / Bioresource Technology 101 (2010) 88918896
Nomenclature
AG(s) acylglycerol(s) FA-K(s) fatty acid potassium salt(s)

ASTM American Society for Testing and Materials HTGC high-temperature gas chromatography
BD biodiesel LTGC low temperature gas chromatography
BF3 boron triuoride MeOH methanol
CSO crude sludge oil SCW subcritical water
EtOH ethanol SCW-CSO subcritical water treated crude sludge oil
FAME(s) fatty acid methyl ester(s) SCW-DWDGSO subcritical water treated dewaxed degummed
FFA(s) free fatty acid(s) sludge oil
DWDGSO dewaxed degummed sludge oil TLC thin-layer chromatography
waste within only a few minutes. SCW, therefore, has been becom- sile force were used for tightening the reactor with its cap. Two
ing a promising extractant and catalyst (Rogalinski et al., 2005). layers of spacers were put between the cap and the reactor (Kasim
In this study, the effects of SCW treatment on the neutral lipid et al., 2009).
content of activated sludge as well as the fatty acid proles of the Temperature inside the reactor was measured by a thermocou-
neutral lipid were examined to provide information about the pople and controlled at 175 C. The pressure inside the reactor was
tential of using activated sludge as a raw material for BD production. maintained at 2 MPa by using nitrogen to assure that water re-
mained as liquid. This condition was maintained for 15 min then
2. Methods the system was submerged in cold water. When reactor tempera-
ture has reached 30 C solid sludge was collected, separated from
2.1. Materials the aqueous phase by vacuum ltration and then subjected to
freeze drying (FreezeZone 2.5 l freeze dry system-Model
Dewatered activated sludge (containing approximately 80% 7670520, Labconco Corporation, MO, USA). Lipid in the freeze dried
water) was collected from Dyi-Hwa Municipal Waste Water Treat- sludge was extracted by hexane in a soxhlet extractor. The neutral
ment Plant, Taipei, Taiwan. Standard of fatty acid methyl esters lipid thus obtained was referred to as the sub-critical water treated
(FAMEs) mixture (47885-U, 37 components FAME Mix) was ob- crude sludge oil (SCW-CSO).
tained from Supelco (Bellefonte, PA, USA). All solvents and reagents
were either high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) or 2.5. Dewaxing and degumming of sludge oil
analytical reagent grade, obtained from commercial sources. Thin-
layer chromatography (TLC) aluminium plates (20 cm 20 cm In order to prevent column damage and interference in gas
250 lm) were purchased from Merck KGaA (Darmstadt, Germany). chromatography analysis of the extracted sludge oil, its content
Qualitative lter paper (grade No. 2, 0.26 mm thickness, 80% collec- of wax and gum was removed by using acetone precipitation fol-
tion efciency) was acquired from Advantec MFS Inc. (Dublin, CA). lowing the methods of Rajam et al. (2005) and Vandana et al.
(2001) with minor modication. Typically, 5 g of extracted sludge
2.2. Sample preparation oil was dissolved in acetone and kept at 60 C for 1 h to obtain a
clear solution. The solution was then cooled down to room temper-
Dewatered sludge was dried under the sun and reduced to ne ature and kept in refrigerator at 5 C for 24 h to crystallize waxes
sludge powder (mesh No. 60) by ball mill. Sludge powder was then and phospholipids. The insoluble fraction which is rich in phospho-
heated at 105 C for 24 h to remove residue moisture before being lipids and waxes was separated by using centrifuge (Avanti J-25,
subjected to solvent extraction. A MB 200 Moisture Analyzer Beckman Coulter, California, USA) operated at 5 C and 8000g.
(Ohaus Corporation, New Jersey, US) was used to identify the mois- The solid and the liquid were then separated by vacuum ltration.
ture contents of sludge samples before extraction. The moisture The whole process of dewaxing and degumming was repeated
contents of the sun-dried sludge and oven dried sludge used in this using the collected ltrate as the substrate except at 5 C for
study were 9.22% and 2.60%, respectively. 24 h. After acetone was removed, the ltrate collected after the
second dewaxing and degumming process was stored under nitro-
2.3. Solvent extraction gen atmosphere at 20 C.
Before solvent extraction, sludge powder was mixed with diato- 2.6. Fatty acid proles of neutral lipids
maceous earth (P95% SiO2 basis Sigma Aldrich) for better sol-
vent ow through the sample. Extraction was carried out in a Typically, 0.5 g of dewaxed and degummed sludge oil (DWDGSO)
soxhlet extractor using hexane as the solvent. Crude sludge oil or dewaxed and degummed sludge oil from sub-critical water trea-
(CSO) extracted was then subjected to dewaxing and degumming ted sludge (SCW-DWDGSO) was dissolved in 15 ml ethanol in a
process before analysis. 125 ml Erlenmyer ask and titrated by an 1 M ethanolic potassium
standard solution (Sigma Aldrich, St. Louis, MO) to convert all free
2.4. Sub-critical water assisted solvent extraction fatty acids (FFAs) into their corresponding fatty acid potassium salts
(FA-Ks). After titration, FA-Ks were transformed into FFAs by using
In this study, the effects of SCW pre-treatment of sludge oil on concentrated sulphuric acid (98%) at 60 C. The FFAs obtained were
the yield of lipid in solvent extraction as well as the lipid prole transformed into their corresponding FAMEs by using boron tri-
were investigated. Typically, sludge powder (10 g) was dissolved uoride (BF3) (1415% in methanol solution) at 60 C.
in deionised water (15 ml) in a high pressure reactor. The reactor For the un-titrated matters, saponication was carried out to sep-
was made of stainless steel (ASTM)-316. The reactor is 25 mm arate saponiable lipids from unsaponiables as described by an
thick and can withstand an estimated maximum operation pres- AOCS ofcial method: Ca6b-53 (AOCS, 19982002). The fatty acids,
sure of 100 MPa. Ten M8 screws which can afford 12.8 tons of ten- excluding FFAs, in all saponiable neutral lipids or acylglycerols
292
L.-H. Huynh et al. / Bioresource Technology 101 (2010) 88918896 8893
Dewatered activated sludge
Sun drying & ball milling
Sludge powder
SCW treatment
Oven drying at 105C, 24h Freeze drying
Dried sludge powder Dried SCW treated sludge
Soxhlet extraction- hexane Soxhlet extraction- hexane
CSO SCW-CSO
Acetone precipitation Acetone precipitation
DWDGSO SCW-DWDGSO
Fig. 1. Flow chart for the preparation of CSO.
DWDGSO/SCW-DWDGSO
KOH/EtOH 1N, 30C
Titrated matters Un-titrated matters

(FA-Ks)
H2SO4 98%, 60C KOH 9N/EtOH, 60C
FFAs
BF3/MeOH, 60C Unsaponifiables Saponifiables
FAMEs of FFAs H2SO4 98%, 60C

TLC & GC analysis Fatty acids of AGs
TLC & GC analysis BF3/MeOH, 60C
FAMEs of AGs
TLC & GC analysis
Fig. 2. Schematic diagram for the analysis of oil derived from activated sludge.
(AGs) were turned into their corresponding FA-Ks. After acidication pour for general identication or using specic reagent-ferric
and treatment with BF3, FA-Ks were converted into their corre- chloride (50 mg FeCl3.6H2O in 90 ml H2O, along with 5 ml acetic
sponding FAMEs. The fatty acid proles of both FFA and AGs can be acid and 5 ml 98% sulphuric acid) for particular group of com-
obtained by gas chromatography analysis of the corresponding pounds such as phytosterols. After the reagent was sprayed on
FAME proles. The extraction of sludge oil with and without SCW TLC plate, TLC plate was heated at 90100 C until coloured spots
treatment is depicted schematically in Fig. 1. Fig. 2 shows the ow- appeared.
chart for obtaining the fatty acid proles of FFAs and AGs.
2.8. Low temperature gas chromatography (LTGC) analysis
2.7. Thin layer chromatography (TLC) analysis
Analysis of FAME proles were performed on a China 8700F
The DWDGSO was rstly analyzed by TLC to qualitatively (Taiwan) gas chromatography equipped with a ame ionization
understand its composition. The TLC plate was developed using detector using an Rtx-2330 10% cyanopropylphenyl90% biscyano-
a mobile phase of hexane/ethyl acetate/acetic acid = 80/20/1 (v/ propyl polysiloxane column (30m 0.25 mm i.d., Restek, Belle-
v/v). Spots were visualized by exposing the plate to iodine va- fonte, PA). Operation conditions were: injector and detector
293
temperatures were 250 C; column temperature was set at 150 C, lipid during biological treatment of waste water as well as cell wall
held for 5 min and then raised to 245 C at 5 C/min, held for component or bio-products from cell metabolites (Chipasa and
10 min. The injection was in split mode (split ratio was 1:50). Cap- Medrzycka, 2008; Seltmann and Holst, 2002). FFA in high concen-
illary head pressure, purge velocity, and vent velocity were 150 kg/ tration is considered to be bactericidal. The high content of FFA,
cm2, 23 ml/min and 100 ml/min, respectively. The make up- approximately 36%, in the activated sludge used in this work can
hydrogen and air pressures were 0.5 and 1.0 bar, respectively. be explained based on the conceptual model of lipids transforma-
tion in activated sludge proposed by Dueholm et al. (2001) and
2.9. High temperature gas chromatography (HTGC) analysis Hwu et al. (1998). In their model, FFA is a product from the hydro-
lysis of lipid (glycerides) by extracellular enzymes (mainly lipase)
A Shimadzu GC 2010 (Kyoto, Japan) equipped with a split-split of bacteria microorganism into fatty acids. In addition, lipids espe-
injector and a ame ionization detector (FID) was employed for cially FFA, are less responsive to biodegradable compared to other
analysis of DWDGSO. Separation was carried out on a DB-5HT (5% organic substrates such as sugars or amino acids and hence tend to
phenyl)-methylpolysiloxane nonpolar column (15 m 0.32 mm accumulate during biological treatment of waste water (Chipasa
i.d., Agilent technologies, Palo Alto, California). Both injector and and Medrzycka, 2008; Novak and Kraus, 1973; Pei and Gaudy,
detector temperatures were 370 C. The temperature program was 1971).
set at 80 C, increase to 180 C at 15 C/min then to185 C at 1 C/
min, 215 C at 15 C/min, 250 C at 2 C/min, 325 C at 15 C/min, 3.2. Fatty acid proles of DWDGSO
365 C at 50 C/min and hold for 6.83 min. Total analysis time was
51 min. Nitrogen was used as the carrier gas with a linear velocity Fatty acid proles of FFA as well as bounded fatty acids of AGs
of 30 cm/s at 80 C. Data analysis was carried out by software GC are presented in Table 2. At least 14 fatty acids have been identied
Solution version 2.3, Shimadzu. with a predominant of palmitic acid (C16:0, 2722%), palmitoleic
acid (C16:1, 1719%) and octadecenoic acid isomers (C18:1, 27
3. Results and discussion 28%) with the others presented in minor amount. The wide variety
of lipid fatty acids of sludge oil is not a surprise. It is well known
3.1. Neutral lipid composition of DWDGSO that lipids in activated sludge may come from lipids that already
exists before industrial or domestic waste are treated, or they
As we are interested mostly in neutral lipid, which can be trans- may be the product of bio-transformation of a complex mix of or-
formed into BD, so hexane was chosen as the solvent for extracting ganic matters in wastewater by a community of microorganism
oil from dried activated sludge. However, due to the complicated communities. Those particularly prevalent fatty acids (C16 and
nature of sludge oil, as conrmed by TLC and HTGC analysis, direct C18 fatty acids) amount mostly originated from vegetables oil or
identication of individual component in sludge oil is very difcult animal fats from kitchen wastes and feces (Qumneur and Marty,
if not impossible. In addition to neutral lipids, many compounds 1994). The existence of other traceable fatty acids could be ex-
with trace amount also exist in sludge oil. As we can see from these plained based on a bacteria lipid diversity point of view: the
chromatograms, the separation and resolution of peaks/spots are major chain length of those fatty acids varied from 12 to 20 carbon
not good enough for the identication of individual compounds. atoms even up to 28 carbon atoms is not a whim of nature but
Titration and saponication are simple but effective methods essential for bacteria in their struggles for survival (Seltmann
for determining the composition of neutral lipid in activated and Holst, 2002). It has been known that, in a given bacteria spe-
sludge. In this study, DWDGSO was rstly titrated with KOH to re- cies, there are up to 20 different kinds of fatty acid which is imper-
move its content of FFA. The fatty acid prole of the removed FFAs ative for the regulation of lipid properties and hence bacterial
was then determined as described previously. After titration, AGs regulation (Seltmann and Holst, 2002). Besides, the amount of dif-
in the remaining neutral lipids was then separated from the unsa- ferent fatty acids in activated sludge varied with time due to (a) an
poniables by employing saponication. As can be seen from Table simultaneous consumption and releasing of fatty acids by microor-
1, the neutral lipid content of activated sludge is only 2.1%. This va- ganism (Chipasa and Medrzycka, 2008) and (b) microorganism uti-
lue increases to 7.87% for activated sludge pre-treated by SCW. lization rates of fatty acids are different and depended on the
Even though the amount of neutral lipids extracted increases al- length and degree of unsaturation of the carbon chain (Novak
most four times after SCW treatment, however, there are little dif- and Kraus, 1973). Moreover, biodegradation of long chain fatty
ferences in the compositions of neutral lipids obtained. acids has been identied as a sequential removal of two-carbon
Approximately two thirds of DWDGSO are FFA and AGs which atom through a b-oxidation pathway, leading to a fatty acid shorter
can be converted into BD. The estimated maximum yield of BD pro- by two carbons (Chipasa and Medrzycka, 2008). This may be the
duction based on the dried activated sludge without SCW treat- reason for that most fatty acids found in sludge oil have even car-
ment is only about 1.41%. This value is quite low compared to bon numbers.
those reported in literature which can be as high as 610%
(Dufreche et al., 2007). The discrepancy may be the result of the 3.3. Effect of SCW treatment on sludge oil properties
sources of activated sludge used.
As mentioned before, the presence of lipids in activated sludge As shown in Table 1, SCW pre-treatment of activated sludge
is claimed to be the results of the absorption and accumulation of gives impressive result in terms of extractable amount of neutral
Table 1
Oil content and compositions of neutral lipids from activated sludge.
Sample Oil contentc (% w/w) FFA (% w/w) AGs (% w/w) Unsaponiables (% w/w)
Activated sludge without SCW treatmenta 2.10 36.68 1.31 30.37 0.47 32.95 0.85
Activated sludge with SCW treatmentb 7.87 36.53 1.85 28.97 0.68 34.50 1.17
a
Value reported were average of four independent experiments.
b
Value reported were average of two independent experiments.
c
Oil content was calculated base on weight of dried sludge.
294
L.-H. Huynh et al. / Bioresource Technology 101 (2010) 88918896 8895
Table 2
Fatty acid (FA) proles of neutral lipids obtained by hexane extraction with and without SCW treatment.
No. Fatty acid methyl ester Non-treated (area%) SCW treated (area%)
FFA FA of AG FFA FA of AG
1 Capric acid (C10:0) n.d.a 0.22 n.d. n.d.
2 Undecanoic acid (C11:0) n.d. 0.13 n.d. n.d.
3 Lauric acid (C12:0) 0.82 0.80 5.20 0.94
4 Tridecanoic acid (C13:0) 0.09 0.21 0.14 n.d.
5 Myristic acid (C14:0) 1.94 1.86 2.87 1.87
6 Myristoleic acid (C14:1) 1.00 0.87 1.62 0.84
7 Pentadecanoic acid (C15:0) 1.05 1.45 1.07 1.22
8 Methyl tetradecanoic isomers (iso/antiso C15:0) n.d. n.d. 4.47 3.86
9 Palmitic acid (C16:0) 27.12 21.79 19.20 21.18
10 Palmitoleic acid (C16:1) 19.83 16.86 15.83 15.13
11 Heptadecanoic acid (C17:0) 0.85 1.13 0.69 1.47
12 Cis-10-heptadecenoic (C17:1) n.d. n.d. 0.51 n.d.
13 Stearic acid (C18:0) 2.95 3.80 3.39 4.63
14 Octadecenoic Isomers (C18:1) 26.80 28.27 19.90 32.98
15 Linoleic acid (C18:2n6c) 3.08 n.d. 2.14 2.42
16 Cis-11-eicosenoic acid (C20:1) 0.17 3.78 0.31 n.d.
17 Linolenic acid (C18:3n3) n.d. n.d. 0.90 n.d.
18 Behenic acid (C22:0) n.d. n.d. n.d. 0.77
19 Arachidonic acid (C20:4n6) n.d. n.d. 2.51 3.15
20 Others 14.3 18.83 19.25 9.54
a
n.d.: not detected.
lipids which is almost four times that obtained without being SCW SCW treated activated sludge is used as the raw material. However,
treatment. This would be a signicant contribution in the effort of the mechanism of the release of lipids from activated sludge
obtaining high BD yield from activated sludge. The results of this undergoing SCW treatment has not been well understood.
study suggest that solvent extract alone is not effective enough
for the complete recovery of neutral lipids from activated sludge.
4. Conclusions
Anderson (2004) stated that for samples that had been processed
cooked or extruded, fat is bound to proteins, carbohydrate and/or
SCW treatment was employed for enhancing the extraction of
mineral, so it is unavailable for them to be solubilised through sol-
neutral lipids from activated sludge. At least 14 kinds of fatty acid
vent extraction. As a result, acid hydrolysis, usually using HCl, is
were identied in oil extracted from activated sludge with and
necessary for breaking these bonding to release fat. In this study,
without SCW treatment. The predominant fatty acids of sludge
neutral lipids in activated sludge were released by using sub-crit-
oil extracted are palmitic acid (1927%), palmitoleic acid (15
ical water as a hydrolysis agent. Under sub-critical condition, water
20%), and octadecenoic acid isomers (2033%). With long chain
which is rich in H+ and OH can act either as a good and non-toxic
saturated and monounsaturated fatty acids as the predominant
medium for chemical reaction or an efcient acid / base catalyst
fatty acids, sludge oil is a potential candidate as a raw material
(Galkin and Lunin, 2005). SCW can be employed especially for
for producing high quality biodiesel.
milder hydrolysis reaction (Quitain et al., 2002). Furthermore, in
order to prevent unexpected reaction such as decomposition of
fatty acids or AGs during hydrolysis process that could affect neu- Acknowledgements
tral lipids proles, moderate reaction condition (175 C, 2 MPa)
was chosen (Fujii et al., 2006; Holliday et al., 1997; Inoue et al., This work was supported by a Grant (97-ET-7-011-001-ET) pro-
1996; Khuwijitjaru et al., 2004). vided by the National Science Council of Taiwan. The authors
The fatty acid prole of FFAs in activated sludge is very similar would also like to thank to Dyi-Hwa Municipal Waste Water Treat-
to that of activated sludge with SCW pre-treatment. The same is ment Plant for donating the activate sludge.
true for fatty acid prole of AG. Details of the neutral lipid proles
of activated sludge with and without SCW are presented in Table 2.
Appendix A. Supplementary data
It can be seen that fatty acid proles of FFAs were affected more
profoundly by SCW pre-treatment than the fatty acids proles of
Supplementary data associated with this article can be found, in
AGs. After SCW treatment, the occurrence of new FFAs such as
the online version, at doi:10.1016/j.biortech.2010.06.135.
cis 10-heptadecenoic, linolenic, behenic and arachidonic acid, espe-
cially methyl tetradecanic (iso and antiso isomers) which are
known to be bacterial markers, were observed. These fatty acids References
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15.
296
Techno-Economic and
Environmental Assessment of
Bioethanol-Based Chemical
Process: A Case Study on Ethyl
Acetate
Nguyen T. Hong Thuy,a Yasunori Kikuchi,a Hirokazu Sugiyama,b Masaru Noda,c and Masahiko Hiraoa
a
Department of Chemical System Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8656,
Japan; thuy@pse.t.u-tokyo.ac.jp (for correspondence)
b
Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, ETH Zurich, Zurich 8093, Switzerland
c
Graduate School of Information Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma 630-0192, Japan
Published online 3 December 2010 in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com). DOI 10.1002/ep.10517
The utilization of biomass is a key technology to- actual sustainability of such an emerging technology.
ward sustainable development. Bioethanol can be 2010 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ
used as a substitute for fossil-based fuel and to pro- Prog, 30: 675684, 2011
duce commodity chemicals, in which the latter has Keywords: bioethanol-based processes, production
larger benet returns and wider application. There- cost, CO2 emission
fore, switching the use of bioethanol as a feedstock of
chemical processes from the conventional fossil-based
one to produce large quantities of chemicals has
recently received increasing attention. In this study, INTRODUCTION
we investigate the potential of substituting bioethanol- Biomass resources are widely acknowledged as a
based processes for fossil-based processes to produce potential substitute for fossil resources for sustainable
ethyl acetate, by considering economic and environ- development. Many kinds of biomass are potentially
mental issues. Different technologies of producing available on a large scale and are cost competitive to
ethyl acetate are considered. One representative fossil- fossil whether on a mass or energy basis, and in
based process is modeled and compared with three terms of the prices of current and projected and
bioethanol-based processes, with respect to production mature technologies [1]. Utilization of biomass to pro-
cost and CO2 emission indicators. The results show duce fuel and commodity chemicals has recently
that bioethanol-based processes have better cost sav- received increasing attention. Many studies have al-
ing and less global warming potential. The identica- ready attempted to assess performance and improve
tion of a feasible bioethanol-based production process productivity of the processes producing these bio-
of ethyl acetate will largely contribute to the develop- based products. In assessing a production process,
ment of the chemical industry and help ensure the economical and environmental aspects have been
acknowledged as important issues that must be
simultaneously considered as many studies, e.g., [2,
2010 American Institute of Chemical Engineers 3], have pointed out. Moreover, these indicators have
Environmental Progress & Sustainable Energy (Vol.30, No.4) DOI 10.1002/ep December 2011 675
297
Figure 1. Synthesis of ethyl acetate from different raw materials: fossil-based raw material, bioethanol,
and bio-based chemicals.
also marked inuence on determining the success of which requires extensive consumption of fossil-based
bio-based products in the marketplace versus the tra- raw materials as well as energy. From bioethanol, a
ditional ones. However, as Curran [4] and Wall-Mar- variety of chemicals can be produced such as acetic
kowski et al. [5] stated, one should not assume that acid, ethylene, and ethyl acetate [17, 18]. With their
all products which derived from bio-based processes wide application, such chemicals are important inputs
are more economical and environmentally friendly in different industries. The substitute of bioethanol
than the fossil-based. Based on the principles of and its derivatives for fossil-based raw materials in
developed methodologies [6, 7], an assessment chemical processes can help ensure a sustainable
related to economic prospects and CO2 emissions of resource supply and reduce CO2 emission. Moreover,
15 chemicals derived from industrial biotechnology it allows an interconnection with current fossil-based
within current and futuristic scenarios was also con- chemical processes, so signicant changes in current
ducted by Herman et al. [8, 9]. As a result, most of process structures can be limited when switching
them cannot have competitive price with current mar- from fossil-based to bio-based production processes.
ket price, although they have lower CO2 emissions. Nevertheless, to provide good vision for the sustain-
Given these facts, optimal allocation of products in a able development of the chemical industry in the
biorenery has become an essential issue [10]. Conse- future, the techno-economic and environmental per-
quently, maximizing economical benet and minimiz- formances of such bioethanol-based chemical proc-
ing environmental impact during the promotion of esses should be assessed.
bio-based products can be achieved. In this study, considering the potential role of bio-
Among the chemicals output from white biotech- ethanol as a key chemical for future industries, we
nology, bioethanol has been produced with largest investigate the potential of substituting bioethanol-
quantity and used as a substitute for fossil-based fuel based production processes of ethyl acetate for fossil-
widely. Bioethanol has long-term development of based production processes by evaluating their eco-
production technology, and it can be produced with nomic and environmental performances. Ethyl acetate
increasing productivity and at a reduced cost [11, 12]. is one of the most essential solvents used in chemical
However, bioethanol is doubted as a good substitute industry. A large amount of ethyl acetate is used as a
for fossil-based fuel from both economic and envi- coating material and for producing various industrial
ronmental viewpoints [13, 14]. This is because bioe- chemicals; it is particularly used as a replacement of
thanol has rather low energy content and should be hazardous solvents. In this study, different technolo-
of extra high purity for effective use. Conversely, it gies for synthesizing ethyl acetate are reviewed. One
promises more benets when used as a feedstock to representative fossil-based process and three bioetha-
produce various chemicals [15, 16], the production of nol-based processes for ethyl acetate production are
676 December 2011 Environmental Progress & Sustainable Energy (Vol.30, No.4) DOI 10.1002/ep
298
Table 1. Reactions included in the base case process and bioethanol-based alternative processes 1 and 2.
Process ID Base case Alternative 1 Alternative 2

Reaction number 1 2 3 4
Catalyst Purolite CT179 V 2O 5 Gamma-alumina Heteropoly acid
Temperature (8C) 65 185 481 180
Pressure (atm) 1 1.7 12 10
Conversion of key 99.0% for 92.0% for 99.5% for 81.0% for acetic acid;
component acetic acid ethanol ethanol 7.3% for ethylene
Selectivity to main 99.0% to ethyl 97.0% to 99.0% to 92.7% to ethyl
product acetate acetic acid ethylene acetate
Major by products Diethyl ether Carbon oxide Ethane, Diethyl ether,
Propene oligomers
Reference [20] [21] [22] [23]
Table 2. Reactions included in the bio-based process alternative 3 under different conditions.
Alternative Alternative Alternative Alternative Alternative Alternative

Process ID 3 3a 3b 3c 3d 3e
Reaction number 5 5 5 5 5 5
Catalyst Cu-Cr-O Cu-Zn-Zr-Al-O Cu-Zn-Ar-Al-O Cu-Zn-Zr-Al-O Cu-Zn-Zr-Al-O Cu-Zn-Zr-Al-O
Temperature (8C) 223 220 200 200 240 240
Pressure (atm) 28 1 1 10 1 10
Conversion of 30.0 66.4 60.3 46.3 82.1 62.4
ethanol (%)
Selectivity 94.6 83.8 84.8 91.6 75.9 83.5
to ethyl
acetate (%)
Major Acetaldehyde, Acetaldehyde, Acetaldehyde, Acetaldehyde, Acetaldehyde, Acetaldehyde,
by-products MEK MEK MEK MEK MEK MEK
Reference [24] [25] [26] [26] [26] [26]
designed and evaluated, in terms of production cost tive processes for ethyl acetate synthesis utilizing dif-
and CO2 emission indicators. The identication of an ferent raw materials are designed and modeled with
economical and benign environmentally friendly pro- the aid of the process simulator ASPEN PLUS [19]. All
cess for ethyl acetate production will largely contrib- synthesis routes are described in detail below, and
ute to the development of the chemical industry. the reactions they entail are summarized in Tables 1
Moreover, the large potential of substituting bioetha- and 2.
nol-based processes for fossil-based processes is
evident. Base Case: Esterication Process
(Fossil Based)
ETHYL ACETATE SYNTHESIS ROUTES AND PROCESS Figure 2 shows the production process of ethyl
SIMULATION MODELS
Figure 1 shows the steps in ethyl acetate synthesis acetate by the esterication of acetic acid and etha-
from both fossil-based and bio-based raw materials. nol. Acetic acid is fed with an excess amount of
A large amount of commercial ethyl acetate is pro- ethanol to the esterication reactor a, which is dis-
duced by esterication technology, which utilizes the charged with the catalyst Purolite CT179 and main-
fossil-based feedstocks ethanol and acetic acid. These tained at 658C [20]. After reaction, more than 99%
feedstocks are, respectively, the products of methanol acetic acid is converted with a 99% yield of ethyl ac-
carbonylation and ethylene hydration. In this study, etate. The synthesis reaction is performed following
the esterication technology is selected as the repre- reaction (1)
sentative fossil-based base case process. Aside from
this route, bioethanol-based alternative processes that C2 H5 OH CH3 COOH ! CH3 COOC2 H5 H2 O: (1)
utilize bioethanol or bioethanol-derived chemicals
such as acetic acid and ethylene as the initial raw Diethyl ether (bp 5 358C) is also produced in
materials are also considered. Under standard condi- minor amount as a light by product. The output
tions, sugarcane-derived bioethanol with a purity of stream 2 is then input to the azeotropic distillation
95% is utilized in bio-based alternative processes. column b for water and by product removal, with a
Within the dotted line boundary of Figure 1, alterna- supply of the azeotropic former cyclopentane
299
through the stream 3. The azeotropic mixture of back to the column d. The waste liquid stream pro-
cyclopentane and water (bp 5 378C) has a much duced after the process is comprised mainly of
lower boiling point than the azeotropic mixtures of water, which is treated before being released to the
ethanol and water (bp 5 788C) and ethyl acetate environment.
and water (bp 5 708C). This facilitates water and the
light by product to evaporate to the top of the col-
umn together with cyclopentane. The two-phase
azeotrope in the stream 4 is separated in the de- Alternative 1: One-Step Ethanol Process
canter c for cyclopentane recovery. The bottom (Bio Based)
product in the stream 5 mainly consists of the two In this process, ethyl acetate is also produced
components with similar boiling points, namely etha- using esterication technology. However, bioethanol
nol (bp 5 798C) and ethyl acetate (bp 5 778C), is the only feedstock supplied to this process. The
from which an azeotropic mixture (bp 5 728C) is raw material acetic acid is produced directly from
also formed. This stream is fed to the extractive dis- bioethanol by oxidization. As shown in Figure 3, bio-
tillation column d for ethyl acetate purication. ethanol is pumped to the process at a suitable pres-
Through the stream 6, dodecane (bp 5 2168C), sure and vaporized by the feed vaporizer b. It is
which increases the relative volatilities of ethanol admixed with the compressed air and heated to the
and ethyl acetate [27], is fed near the top of the col- desired temperature in the heater d, before going to
umn, where it ows downward to the reboiler. The the oxidization reactor e. In this reactor, under the
target product ethyl acetate is vaporized to the top, support of the catalyst vanadium as V2O5 and the
leaving ethanol and dodecane at the bottom. In the conditions of 1858C and 1.7 atm [21], the oxidization
recovery column e, dodecane is recovered and fed reaction (2) can be performed as follows:
C2 H5 OH O2 ! CH3 COOH H2 O: (2)
Gaseous combustion products such as CO and CO2

are separated in the washing column f, lled with
excess water. The purication of the crude liquid in
the stream 7 is difcult, especially when there is a
high acetic acid concentration [28]. Admixed with the
azeotropic former cyclopentane, this stream is input
to the azeotropic distillation column g, following the
stream 8. The top output in the stream 9 is led to the
decanter h, from which cyclopentane can be sepa-
rated from the wastewater. The bottom stream con-
sists mainly of acetic acid with a small amount of
unconverted bioethanol. In this process, the separa-
tion of unconverted bioethanol is not necessary since
Figure 2. Base case: Esterication process (fossil this consequent stream will be admixed with excess
based) (a) Esterication reactor; (b) azeotropic distil- bioethanol and input to i, which is shown in Figure 2
lation column; (c) decanter; (d) extractive distillation for ethyl acetate production. In the process i, the syn-
column; and (e) recovery column. thesis and purication of ethyl acetate are performed
similarly to the fossil-based base case process. The
Figure 3. Alternative 1: One-step ethanol process (bio based) (a) Pump; (b) feed vaporizer; (c) compressor; (d)
heater; (e) oxidization reactor; (f) washing column; (g) azeotropic distillation column; (h) decanter; and (i) ethyl
acetate synthesis process, as shown in Figure 1, in which the input raw materials are replaced with bioethanol
and bio-based acetic acid.
300
Figure 4. Alternative 2: Addition of ethylene to acetic acid (bio based) (a) Pump; (b) heater; (c) dehydration re-
actor; (d) washing column; (e) heavy end column; and (f) acetic acid synthesis process, as displayed in Figure
2; (g) ethanol recovery column; (h) compressor; (i) pump; (j) feed vaporizer; (k) heater; (l) ethyl acetate syn-
thesis reactor; (m) gas separator; (n) heavy end column; (o) azeotropic distillation column; and (p) decanter.
only difference is that the raw materials fed to i are Although the nal product stream bio-based acetic
bioethanol and bio-based acetic acid, replacing the acid output from this process is free of water, it still
fossil-based resources. contains a small amount of unconverted bioethanol.
Therefore, it is further puried in the column g
before proceeding to the synthesis process of ethyl
Alternative 2: Addition of Ethylene to Acetic acetate.
Acid (Bio Based) With water, the above products, namely bio-based
Another commercial route producing ethyl acetate ethylene and bio-based acetic acid, are then fed to
is the addition of acetic acid to ethylene. In this the reactor l for ethyl acetate formation at suitable
study, these two materials are considered to be bioe- pressure, temperature, and molar ratio. With the aid
thanol derivatives. In this process, the synthesis of of a heteropoly acid catalyst, ethyl acetate is formed
the target product ethyl acetate is started with the at 10 atm and 1808C [23], following reaction (4):
synthesis of these two raw materials from bioethanol.
As shown in Figure 4, ethanol is fed to the process
through the pump a. It is then vaporized in the CH2 CH2 CH3 COOH ! CH3 COOC2 H5 : (4)
heater b, before going to the dehydration reactor c,
which is fed with a gamma-alumina catalyst. Ethylene After the reaction, ethylene is recovered in the
is produced at 4818C and 12 atm as follows [22]: gas separator m and fed back to the process
through the pump h. Its gaseous purge stream is led
to the incinerator. In the heavy end column n, the
C2 H5 OH ! CH2 CH2 H2 O: (3)
unconverted bio-based acetic acid is separated at
the bottom stream, leaving the top stream 15 full of
After the reaction, almost all of the bioethanol is water and ethyl acetate. Cyclopentane is added to
converted to ethylene at a high selectivity. In the the column o, supporting the vaporization of water.
washing column d, the gaseous products are sepa- It is then recovered in the decanter p. Ethyl acetate
rated in the stream 4 and fed to the fractionation col- with the desired purity is output at the bottom of
umn e, in which the heavy by products are removed this column.
at the bottom and led to the incinerator, and bio-
based ethylene is output from the top of this column.
Also produced from bioethanol, bio-based acetic Alternative 3: Dehydrogenation of Ethanol
acid is produced after the synthesis process f. The Process (Bio Based)
process f includes the oxidization reaction, gas sepa- This novel technology was announced by
ration, and water removal, as shown in Figure 3. Kvaerner Process Technology Ltd. [24]. By using the
301
Figure 5. Alternative 3: Dehydrogenation of ethanol process (bio based) (a1 and a2) Pump; (b) heat vaporizer;
(c1 and c2) heater; (d) dehydrogenation reactor; (e) gas separator; (f1, f2) gas compressor (g) selective hydro-
genation reactor; (h) gas separator; (i) light end column; (j) decanter; (k) heavy end column; (l) extractive distil-
lation column; and (m) recovery column.
conditions of 28 atm and 2238C and a copper catalyst much higher boiling points than ethyl acetate, facilitat-
as a support, bioethanol is dehydrogenated to ethyl ing the subsequent purication of the target product
acetate via reaction 5: ethyl acetate. The unconverted hydrogen is separated
in the gas separator h. It is then puried and used to
2C2 H5 OH ! CH3 COOC2 H5 2H2 : (5) produce energy supplied to the process. In the light
end column i, with the utilization of the azeotropic
As shown in Figure 5, bioethanol is pumped to the former cyclopentane, water and light by products are
process and vaporized through the pump a1 and the removed. The above produced alcohols together with
heat vaporizer b. Admixed with the compressed gase- the other heavy by products are separated in the col-
ous stream 6, it is superheated in the heater c1 and umn k. The top product stream 17 containing mainly
led to a series of dehydrogenation reactors repre- ethanol and ethyl acetate is then input to the extrac-
sented by the reactor d. Under the above conditions, tive distillation column l, starting the purication of
ethyl acetate. Ethyl acetate is output as the top prod-
besides ethyl acetate, a variety of by products are
uct stream of this column. Dodecane is recovered at
also produced following complicated mechanisms.
the bottom of the column m and fed back to the ex-
Some of them have similar boiling points to ethyl ac-
tractive distillation column l. The unconverted bioe-
etate, e.g., butyraldehyde (bp 5 758C) and MEK
thanol vaporizes to the top, which is then admixed
(methyl ethyl ketone) (bp 5 808C). In the gas separa-
with the fresh one supplied to the process.
tor e, the mixture is cooled. Part of the gaseous Since bioethanol dehydrogenation to ethyl acetate
stream is fed back to the reactor d at the desired is still an emerging technology, it has attracted much
pressure and temperature. A purge gas stream is attention, and attempts to improve the conversion of
taken and led to the incinerator. The gaseous stream ethanol and the selectivity to ethyl acetate as well as
8 that resulted from the compression of the stream 7 to reduce the number and amount of by products
is admixed with the stream 11, which is the output of formed abound. In this study, the potential of this al-
the stream 9 after increasing pressure and tempera- ternative process is also further evaluated in the latter
ture. The mixture is then fed to the selective hydro- part by considering some reaction conditions and
genation reactor g. In this reactor, the reaction is per- catalysts developed by Inui et al. [25, 26].
formed under the activation of the catalyst nickel or
platinum at 808C and 30 atm [24]. Consequently, all SETUP EVALUATION INDICATORS
the components with similar boiling points to ethyl
acetate are completely hydrogenated to their corre- Economic Evaluation Indicator
sponding alcohols, such as n-butanol (bp 5 1178C) To evaluate the economic performance of the
and sec-butanol (bp 5 998C). These products have processes considered, the production cost accounting
302
atmosphere are also absorbed during the plantation
of sugarcane. CO2 absorption is considered as the
merit of the bio-based processes, which helps reduce
total CO2 from the whole process.
In the processes considered, the waste liquid and
gaseous streams are treated using end-of-pipe tech-
nology, i.e., incineration. CO2 emission from waste
stream incineration is also considered as the impor-
tant source contributing to the green house gas emis-
sion.
EVALUATION RESULTS
Alternative processes are designed to produce
ethyl acetate with a purity of 99.95 wt % and a pro-
Figure 6. Evaluation result of production cost indica-
ductivity of 100,000 tons/yr. In models of such alter-
tor.
native processes, the reaction parts contain parame-
ters reported in industrial patents and separation sys-
tems are empirically optimized considering the
for the costs of raw materials and utilities utilized operation conditions and mass of separation agents.
within the reaction, product purication, and waste In the processes, the applied catalysts are assumed to
treatment is calculated. be stable and have a long lifetime during the synthe-
sis and to be completely recoverable after the reac-
tions. Therefore, changing the catalysts is considered
Environmental Evaluation Indicator
to be unnecessary. These processes are operated with
With increasing concern on global warming poten- the supply of standard utilities, i.e., electricity, steam,
tial, CO2 emission can be considered as an important and coolant water for direct heating and cooling.
sustainable indicator. CO2 emission is estimated by Under these conditions, the performance of these
considering the cradle-to-gate life cycle inventory processes is evaluated with respect to the above eval-
(LCI) of these raw materials and utilities. The synthe- uation indicators.
sis steps of ethyl acetate from various raw materials,
as shown in Figure 1, are considered in the evalua-
tion of CO2 emission, as the cradle-to-gate life cycle Economic Evaluation Result
of ethyl acetate is considered. Among these, the Figure 6 shows the production cost of the alterna-
lower streams, which are included in the dotted line tive processes. In all the processes, the raw material
boundary of Figure 1, are modeled and shown in Fig- cost dominates the entire production cost, which is
ures 2 to 5. On the basis of the mass and heat balan- common in commodity chemical production. Gener-
ces of the above processes, CO2 emission from the ally, raw material cost is inuenced by material prices
consumption of raw materials and utilities is calcu- and reaction selectivity as long as by products are
lated, as the production of the fresh raw materials discarded. In the base case, reaction (1) has a good
and utilities supplied to the synthesis processes of conversion and selectivity to ethyl acetate of the reac-
ethyl acetate is necessary. tants; however, the higher prices of fossil-based etha-
The inventory database included in JEMAI-LCA Pro nol (1.3 $/kg [33]) and acetic acid (0.44 $/kg [33])
[29], existing LCA database [30], which consists of than of bio-based ethanol (0.76 $/kg [33]) are key fac-
well-established chemical engineering production tors. Alternative 1 shows good performance, taking
methods, and chemical process literature [31] are full advantage of this low price of bioethanol as well
used to calculate the amount of CO2 emitted from the as the high selectivities of reactions (1) and (2). The
production of fossil-based raw materials. The raw insufcient selectivity of reaction (4) and the use of
materials ethanol and acetic acid are directly synthe- costly bio-based ethylene resulted in alternative 2
sized by the methanol carbonylation and ethylene having the highest raw material cost among all the
hydration, respectively. processes. Starting from bioethanol, alternative 3 also
In bio-based processes, bioethanol is the sole takes advantage of the low price of its raw material.
input raw material, from which bio-based acetic acid Nevertheless, it gives a higher result than alternative
and bio-based ethylene are also produced. To calcu- 1. This results from the lower selectivity of reaction
late the amount of CO2 emitted from the consump- (5) and the high loss of ethanol to many by products,
tion of raw material supplied to bio-based processes, which are nally incinerated.
the life cycle of bioethanol is considered. In the case There are two key factors that determine utility
of using Brazilian sugarcane, its production under- cost: yield, which is a measure of the effort exerted
goes the main steps in sugarcane production and in recovering unconverted raw materials and purify-
processing, fermentation and purication of bioetha- ing products from other materials such as by prod-
nol. During this process, CO2 is released from differ- ucts and separation agents; separation complexity,
ent sources such as agriculture operations, fertilizer which directly results in higher energy cost. In the
consumption, trash burning, and soil emissions [32]. base case, despite the use of azeotrope and extractive
On the other hand, large amounts of CO2 in the distillation columns with cyclopentane and dodecane,
303
Figure 8. Cost comparison of alternatives 1 and 3.
Figure 7. Evaluation result of CO2 emission indicator.
minus value in the results of bioethanol-based pro-

the entire separation cost is fairly low. The high con- cess alternatives. Therefore, alternatives 1 to 3 have
version of the reactants in reaction (1) results in a much lower total CO2 emission than the base case.
rather small amount of ethanol remaining in the sub- In general, alternative 1 has the lowest production
sequent purication process, facilitating the separa- cost and reduces large amount of CO2 emission.
tion of the two components with similar boiling Therefore, in the long-term search for a process with
points, namely ethyl acetate and ethanol. This helps better cost saving and less global warming potential,
lessen the entire energy cost of this process. The dif- alternative 1 can be considered as the most suitable.
ference between alternative 1 and the base case is The output performance of alternative 2 shows that
due to only the additional process part shown in Fig- the synthesis of ethyl acetate by the addition of ethyl-
ure 2. With the nonutilization of ethanol and with the ene and acetic acid can contribute to the reduction in
formation of few by products, alternative 2 has a greenhouse effects effectively. However, it is not a
rather competitive utility cost to alternative 1. very economical method of producing a cost-compet-
Although the formation of the by product H2, which itive product. Among the considered processes, alter-
can be used to produce energy supplied to the pro- native 3 has high raw material and utility costs. How-
cess, helps reduce energy cost, alternative 3 shows ever, compared with the conventional processes con-
the highest utility cost among the options. This is due sidered, this emerging technology has the following
to the extensive energy consumption of ethyl acetate advantages: it requires fewer storage tanks and it lim-
purication from various by products. In addition, its equipment corrosion since bioethanol is the sole
the requirement of high pressure and high tempera- feedstock used. In addition, the formation of the val-
ture for the reactions included in this process largely uable by product hydrogen in the synthesis reaction
contributes to the high utility cost. increases the benet returns of this route when the
selectivity to ethyl acetate is increased. In an attempt
to take full advantage of this route, different studies
CO2 Emission Indicator have been carried out to nd a more suitable catalyst
The basis of CO2 emission includes the same mass and better conditions that support the dehydrogena-
and heat balances used for determining production tion reaction. In the latter part of this article, the
cost in the previous chapter. The different trends potential of this alternative process is further eval-
shown in Figures 6 and 7 come from the multiplied uated and compared with the most promising bio-
price and CO2 emission factors, respectively, to the based process, i.e., alternative 1.
calculated balances. Fossil-based ethanol has a much
higher emission factor (1.67 kg-CO2/kg [31]) than EXPLORING NEW CATALYST AND REACTION CONDITIONS FOR
sugarcane-based ethanol (0.42 kg-CO2/kg [32]), which ALTERNATIVE 3
explains the difference in raw material parts among The economic and environmental performances of
the base case and alternatives 1 to 3. The utility parts alternative 3 are examined by considering the cata-
in Figure 7 show almost the same trend as that in Fig- lysts and reaction conditions used in reaction (5). The
ure 6, because the prices and CO2 factors of energy conversion and selectivity to ethyl acetate and the by
sources strongly correlate. The major difference from products of ethanol according to the applied catalysts
the entire CO2 is caused by the direct generation of and reaction conditions are shown in Table 2. When
CO2 when the by products of alternatives 2 and 3 are switching to the use of the catalyst system Cu-Zn-Zr-
incinerated. The utilization of H2 in alternative 3 Al-O from that of Cu-Cr-O, which has been recom-
slightly helps reduce the amount of CO2 emitted from mended by Kvaerner Process Technology Ltd., the
utility consumption. During the plantation of sugar- conversion of ethanol can be improved markedly.
cane, a marked amount of CO2 is absorbed, and the With increasing pressure, the selectivity to ethyl ace-
carbon content in nal product can be regarded as tate markedly increases; however, the rate of ethanol
the absorbed carbon. This amount is shown as the conversion in the reaction decreases gradually. In a
304
novel ones. One fossil-based representative process
was compared with bio-based alternative processes
considering economic and environmental performan-
ces. The results show that the bioethanol-based proc-
esses are competitive to the fossil-based process. To-
gether with further developments such as that of new
catalysts, bioethanol-based processes have great
potential in replacing fossil-based technologies in
ethyl acetate production. Although more case studies
of bioethanol-based chemicals are necessary, this
assessment provides a good vision for further
research and development in the bioethanol-based
chemical industry.
In the long-term search for production processes
that can give better cost saving and help solve emer-
Figure 9. CO2 emission comparison of alternatives 1 gent environmental problems as well as fossil exhaus-
and 3. tion, bioethanol-based chemical processes are good
options. To guarantee the sustainability of bioetha-
nol-based chemical processes, issues related to the
secured supply of biomass as well as problems related
lower-pressure process, the rate of ethanol conver- to land use impact and the environmental impact
sion is higher but the selectivity to ethyl acetate is caused by biomass plantations for bioethanol produc-
lower. This results in the production of a large quan- tion will be carefully considered in the next work.
tity of by products and the loss of a large amount of
raw material. Owing to the loss of ethanol, ethyl ace- LITERATURE CITED
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Polymer 52 (2011) 739e745
Polymer
journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/polymer
Formation and relaxation of the elastic strain generated by photocuring

in polymer blends monitored by MacheZehnder interferometry
D.-T. Van-Pham, K. Sorioka, T. Norisuye, Q. Tran-Cong-Miyata*
Department of Macromolecular Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Matsugasaki, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8585, Japan
Article history: The deformation associated with the photocuring reaction of an anthracene-labeled polystyrene (PSA) in
Received 16 August 2010 a miscible blend with poly(vinyl methyl ether) (PVME) was in situ monitored at ambient temperature by using
Received in revised form MacheZehnder interferometry (MZI).The curing kinetics of a PSA/PVME (30/70) blend was followed by
3 December 2010
observing the decrease in the absorption of the anthracene moieties upon irradiation using UVevisible
Accepted 14 December 2010
spectroscopy. It was found that both the kinetics of the curing and deformation processes can be well
Available online 21 December 2010
described by the modied KohlrauscheWilliamseWatts (KWW) empirical function. The experimental
results reveal a strong correlation between the photocuring and deformation processes of the blend. From the
Keywords:
Photo-cross-link
dynamic mechanical measurements performed for samples with different irradiation times, it was also found
Elastic deformation that the deformation process of the blend observed by MZI is controlled by the on-going cross-link-induced
Mach-Zehnder interferometry glassication process of the mixtures. These experimental results suggest that MZI is a useful technique to
monitor in situ the local deformation and relaxation processes in photoreactive polymers.
2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
1. Introduction technique which could provide a useful tool to measure the thick-
ness of the sample in the nanometer scales via the detection of
Deformation induced by chemical reactions, particularly curing, amplitude and phase changes using polarized light [9]. In principle,
in polymeric systems is signicant and important not only for the elastic strain or deformation of polymer lms can be also
practical applications, but also for fundamental understanding of monitored via measurements of the change in thickness by using
extremely slow relaxation processes associated with polymer the prism-coupler method [10] or neutron reectivity experiments
glassication. An example for the former case is control of the long- [11] taking advantages of the reection phenomena of electro-
term stability and the precision of materials produced by laser- magnetic waves. Though the precise information can be obtained
processing at microscopic length scales [1,2]. The latter strongly with these techniques, it requires sophisticated instruments and
depends on the gap between the reaction temperature and the glass specically designed samples such as deuterated or partially
transition temperature (Tg) of the material under processing [3,4]. deuterated polymers for gaining contrast between different
So far, several methods have been utilized to quantify the components. On the other hand, for crystalline materials, the
deformation or the elastic strain of polymeric materials in the deformation of crystal lattices can be exactly measured by using
presence of an external eld. From the macroscopic viewpoint, wide-angle X-ray scattering (WAXS) [12,13]. However, the method
conventional methods of mechanical testing can be used to char- is limited to crystalline materials and therefore cannot sufciently
acterize the deformation [5]. However, these methods are only provide useful information on amorphous polymer materials.
efcient for samples with large sizes and are not suitable for in situ From the viewpoint of micro-processing using light, it is desired to
detection of microscopic responses of a sample subjected to an develop a method which is easily accessible and could help monitoring
external eld such as electric eld or UV irradiation. Deformation quickly the response of a polymer sample under UV irradiation by
under varying external conditions such as temporal [6] or spatial in situ measurements. To characterize the effects of reaction-induced
modulations [7,8] of UV irradiation intensity cannot be easily deformation on the resulting morphology of phase-separating poly-
monitored by these conventional methods, particularly for defor- mer blends, we have developed a MacheZehnder interferometer
mation at the nanometer scales. Ellipsometry would be a powerful (MZI) system to measure in situ the deformation of polymers under UV
irradiation [14]. The method was applied to measure in situ the
deformation of a poly(ethyl acrylate) (PEA) bearing anthracene as
* Corresponding author. Tel./fax: (81) 075 724 7862. a photo-cross-linker in the bulk state. It was found that during the
E-mail address: qui@kit.ac.jp (Q. Tran-Cong-Miyata).
0032-3861/$ e see front matter 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
doi:10.1016/j.polymer.2010.12.028
307
740 D.-T. Van-Pham et al. / Polymer 52 (2011) 739e745
aging process, the time-dependent elastic strain generated in a photo-

a CH2 CH CH2 CH
cross-linked PEA under various UV light intensities can be described as
a universal function of reduced elapse time, a dimensionless param-
eter dened as the product between the elapse time and the aging rate
[15]. The deformation of the mixtures of poly(vinyl methyl ether) and
a polystyrene derivative was also measured and analyzed as a function CH2Cl
of cross-link density [14]. In these experiments, it was found that for
high cross-link density, the blend shrinks upon irradiation, whereas it
partially recovers from the shrinkage upon irradiation with a low UV b CH2 CH CH2 CH
intensity. These results suggest that the glass transition process
associated with the photo-cross-link would play a key role in the local
deformation of the sample.
In order to elucidate the relation between the glass transition of CH2
the photo-cross-linked blend and the deformation observed by
MZI, we have carried out systematic experiments using MZI
O
combined with UVevis spectroscopy and dynamic mechanical CH2
measurements. The experimental results are discussed in relation
to the distance between the experimental temperatures and the
glass transition temperature of the sample. Finally, the behavior of
the strain relaxation observed for homopolymers and polymer
blends will be discussed in terms of the inhomogeneity arising from
the effects of blending.
c
CH2 CH
2. Experimental
O n
CH3
2.1. Sample preparation
Fig. 1. Chemical structure of: (a), poly(styrene-stat-chloromethylstyrene) (PS);
(b), anthracene-labeled polystyrene (PSA); (c), poly(vinyl methyl ether) (PVME).
In this study, a photoreactive blend of anthracene-labeled
polystyrene (PSA) and poly(vinyl methyl ether) (PVME) was used as
sample. These polymers were prepared by the method reported
previously [16]. Briey, PSA Mw 1:9 105 ; Mw =Mn 1:9 was ODtirr
synthesized by copolymerization of styrene and chloromethyl- ODN tirr (1)
OD0
styrene (Tokyo Kaisei Inc.). The copolymer obtained by this way
was labeled with anthracene by reacting with potassium salt of Here, OD(0) is the initial absorbance of the sample observed at
anthracene carboxylic acid (Aldrich Chemicals, recrystallized twice 365 nm and OD(tirr) is the absorbance obtained after tirr min. of
in ethanol) in anhydrous dimethylformamide (Aldrich Chemicals). irradiation. The progress of the cross-link reaction was obtained by
The average label content of the resulting PSA is 52 anthracenes/ analyzing the decay of the anthracene absorbance with irradiation
chain (2.8 mol% in equivalent) as determined by UVevis spec- time. Alternatively, the time evolution of the cross-link density g
trometry (UV-1600, Shimadzu Inc., Japan). Poly (vinyl methyl ether) (tirr) was also calculated by using the following equation:
PVME, Mw 1:9 105 ; Mw =Mn 1:9 was purchased from
d OD0 ODtirr
Scientic Polymer Products Inc. and puried using toluene as good gtirr $ (2)
solvent and n-heptane as poor solvent. PSA/PVME (30/70) lm with 2 OD0
25 mm thickness was prepared by solvent-casting method. The slow Here g is the number of junctions between the two anthracene
drying process was used to prevent bubbles and/or crack formation. moieties labeled on the PSA, and d is the average number of
To eliminate the residual stress which might develop during the anthracenes labeled per PSA chain. The time-evolution of the
sample preparation, the PSA/PVME blends were heated to 80 C for normalized absorbance ODN(tirr) and the cross-link density g(tirr)
2 h and slowly quenched to room temperature prior to measure- was examined under various irradiation intensities. The experi-
ments. The chemical structures of poly (styrene-stat-chloro- mental results on the reaction kinetics will be discussed later in
methylstyrene), anthracene-labeled polystyrene (PSA) and poly correlation with the emerging strain in situ monitored by using
(vinyl methyl ether) (PVME) are respectively shown in Fig. 1. MacheZehnder interferometry.
2.3. Observation of the strain formation by using MacheZehnder

2.2. Photodimerization kinetics of anthracene in PSA/PVME (30/70) interferometry
mixtures
In this study, a MacheZehnder interferometer (MZI) equipped
The photodimerization kinetics of anthracene moieties labeled with a HeeNe laser (10 mW, 632.8 nm, Uniphase Inc.) as a light
on PSA chains was monitored by following the change in the source was employed to examine in situ the effects of photo-cross-
absorbance of anthracene at 365 nm using a UVevis spectropho- link reaction on the deformation of the blend in the nanometer
tometer (Model UV-1600, Shimadzu Inc., Japan). A high-pressure scales. The details of the instrument and the data analysis were
HeeXe lamp (350 W, Moritex, Japan) equipped with an optical ber described elsewhere [14,15]. In brief, the interference fringes of the
was used for this irradiation process. The cross-link kinetics of the sample were recorded after different intervals of irradiation time.
PSA component was examined by monitoring the time-evolution Subsequently, the optical path length difference (OPLD) was
process of the normalized absorbance ODN(tirr) dened as: calculated using the phase difference available from the fringe
308
D.-T. Van-Pham et al. / Polymer 52 (2011) 739e745 741
patterns obtained before and after irradiation as described in detail modied KohlrausheWilliamseWatts stretched exponential
elsewhere [14]. The time-evolution of the optical path length equation as shown respectively in Eqs. (8) and (9).
difference OPLD(tirr) is dened as: a
ODN tirr 1 Bexp kc tirr B (8)
OPLDtirr OPL0 OPLtirr (3)

where OPL(0) and OPL(tirr) are respectively the optical path lengths gtirr D 1 expkc tirr a (9)
observed before and after an irradiation time tirr.
In these equations, kc is the rate constant of the cross-link
The OPLD is related to the changes in both the refractive index
reaction. B and D are respectively the limiting reaction yield and the
and the thickness of the sample by the following equation:
limiting cross-link density as tirr /N.
OPLDtirr ns n0 Dd d0 Dns Dns Dd (4) The data obtained for the cross-link reaction kinetics are shown
in Fig. 2 for the irradiation intensity ranging from 0.1 to 7.0 mW/
where d0, n0 and ns are respectively the initial thickness of the cm2. By analyzing these kinetic data using Eqs. (8) and (9), it was
sample, the refractive indices of the air and sample before irradi- found that as the irradiation intensity increases, the mean cross-
ation. Dd and Dns are respectively the changes in the sample link rate kc increases, whereas the limiting cross-link density D
thickness and refractive index. which was taken as the limiting value obtained at long irradiation
Since the cross-term Dns Dd is negligible, the optical path time in Fig. 2b, increases to some extent and eventually approaches
length difference OPLD(tirr) can be approximately expressed as: a constant value at intensity higher than 5.0 mW/cm2 as shown in
Fig. 3. On the other hand, the inhomogeneity index a which
OPLDtirr yns n0 Dd d0 Dns (5) expresses the degree of inhomogeneity kinetics associated with the
In this work, the change in refractive index Dn associated with cross-link reaction, lies in the range 0.9 a 0.5.
UV irradiation was measured by using a Prism Coupler (Metricon,
Model 2100). Together with the OPLD calculated from
MacheZehnder interferometry data, and Dn from the prism
coupling experiments, the deformation Dn was obtained by Eq. (5).
Under our experimental conditions, since the changes in the
refractive index of the blend resulting from the photodimerization
of anthracene are negligible for these PSA/PVME blends, the time-
dependence of the deformation was nally calculated from:
Ddtirr OPLDtirr
etirr (6)
d0 ns 1d0
Here, the change in the sample thickness Ddtirr is dened
using dtirr ; the sample thickness obtained after tirr (min) of irra-
diation time:
Ddtirr dtirr d0 (7)

etirr is the irradiation-time dependence of the deformation, ns and
d0 are respectively the initial refractive index and the initial thick-
ness of the sample.
2.4. Measurements of glass transition temperature (Tg) by dynamic

mechanical analysis (DMA)
The glass transition temperature of a PSA/PVME (30/70) blend

was measured by using a dynamic mechanical analyzer (DMA 2980,
TA Instruments, Inc) with a heating rate of 2.0 C/min under the
frequency 1.0 Hz. The amplitude was set at 5 mm. The mechanical
loss tan d was measured for this PSA/PVME (30/70) blend under
different irradiation conditions. The glass transition temperature Tg
was determined from the peak position of tan d by using the non-
linear least-squares regression program Universal Analysis 2000
installed on the instrument.
3. Results and discussion
3.1. Effects of irradiation intensity on the reaction kinetics
The effects of irradiation intensity on the reaction kinetics were

examined under 9 different intensities ranging from 0.1 to 7.0 mW/
cm2 (I 0.1, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0, 5.0, 6.0 and 7.0 mW/cm2) for a PSA/
PVME (30/70) blend. It was found that when the irradiation
intensity changes, both the time-evolution of the normalized Fig. 2. Reaction kinetics observed for a PSA/PVME (30/70) under different irradiation
absorbance ODN(tirr) and the cross-link density g(tirr) follow the intensities: (a), normalized absorbance OD; (b) cross-link density g.
309
3.2. Effects of irradiation intensity on the deformation in situ

observed by using a MacheZehnder interferometer
As described above, the strain associated with the irradiation

process can be calculated from Eq. (6). The intensity dependence of
the deformation e observed with ve different light intensities 1.0,
2.0, 3.0, 4.0 and 5.0 mW/cm2 is illustrated in Fig. 4 for a PSA/PVME
(30/70) blend at 21.5 C over different irradiation time intervals.
The negative value of e indicates the systematical decrease in the
optical path length with light intensity, and therefore in the
thickness of the sample upon irradiation. It was found that similar
to the cross-link kinetics, the dependence of the shrinkage of the
blend on irradiation time can be tted to the modied Kohl-
rauscheWilliamseWatts (KWW) given in Eq. (10):
h i
etirr E 1 expkd tirr b (10)
where etirr is the time-evolution of the elastic strain, E is the

baseline expressing the limiting deformation; kd is the deformation
rate and b is the inhomogeneity index for the relaxation process of
Fig. 3. Reaction kinetics parameters obtained for a PSA/PVME (30/70) blend under
the elastic strain.
various irradiation intensities. The kinetic parameters obtained for the deformation process, i.e.
the average deformation rate kd, the limiting deformation E, the
For low intensity, the cross-link reaction slightly deviates from equilibrium elastic strain and the inhomogeneity index b exhibit the
the exponential function of irradiation time with the exponent dependence on the irradiation intensity similar to the case of cross-
a z 0.9, whereas a decreases as the irradiation intensity increases, link. Namely, the average rate of deformation kd increases with the
revealing an inhomogeneous growth associated with an increase in light intensity, whereas the limiting deformation E and the inho-
intensity. The effects of UV irradiation intensity on the deformation mogeneity index b decrease with increasing the irradiation intensity
kinetics can be also seen later in the irradiation-induced strain and eventually seem to approach a constant value under high irra-
observed at different light intensity. In general, chemical reactions in diation intensity as depicted in Fig. 5. It is worth noting that, as
the bulk state of homopolymer do not proceed uniformly, i.e. inde- reported previously, for the case of homopolymer such as poly(ethyl
scribable by the mean-eld kinetics, due to the local inhomogeneity acrylate) (PEA), the deformation kinetics observed by
of polymer (distribution of segmental free volumes) [17]. Since MacheZehnder interferometry during the photo-cross-linking
1980s, this inhomogeneity has been analyzed using the Kohl- process was well described by a single exponential function of irra-
rauscheWilliamseWatts (KWW) stretched exponential kinetics in diation time [15]. By combining the results obtained for homopoly-
conjunction with glassication within the context of percolation mers with the deformation kinetics observed for polymer blends
transition [18]. For diffusion-controlled reactions in the bulk state of shown in Fig. 4, these interferometric data suggest that the inho-
homopolymers, the KWW kinetics was used to analyze the experi- mogeneous kinetics of the deformation process in a binary mixture
mental data [4]. For polymer binary mixtures, besides this segmental might reect the inhomogeneity arising from the composition uc-
free volume distribution, additional inhomogeneity comes into play tuations in miscible binary mixtures. In other words, thermodynamic
from the thermodynamic interactions between two polymers. This interactions between the two polymer components might contribute
additional inhomogeneity might be expressed by the so-called
square gradient theory [19]. Therefore, the inhomogeneity of reac-
tion kinetics in polymer mixtures originated from the non-unifor-
mity in both mobility and composition, whereas the inhomogeneity
in homopolymer takes root from the non-uniform mobility. It should
be noted that unlike the photodimerization of anthracene in
homopolymer [15] where the dynamic inhomogeneity arises solely
from the distribution of polymer segmental free volumes, additional
inhomogeneity from the composition uctuations would arise from
thermodynamic interactions between the two components in the
blend. Due to this additional interaction, the inhomogeneity asso-
ciated with the glassication in polymer mixtures would be much
greater compared to homopolymer systems.
The increase in inhomogeneity of the cross-link reaction upon
increasing the light intensity can be attributed to greater rate of
glassication of the blend under higher light intensity. Since the
photodimerization of anthracene, a diffusion-controlled reaction,
strongly depends on the environment viscosity [20], anthracene
moieties far from each other in the reacting blend still can
encounter and react until polymer segmental motions are frozen by
glassication. Thus, the faster glassication generated by higher
intensity would prevent the reaction between anthracene moieties
which are far from each other during their excited lifetime, leading Fig. 4. Deformation kinetics observed at 21.5 C for a PSA/PVME (30/70) blend under
to an increase in inhomogeneity kinetics. various irradiation intensities.
310
Fig. 7. Dependence of the elastic deformation on the cross-link density observed

under various irradiation intensities for a PSA/PVME (30/70) mixture at 21.5 C.
plotted versus the normalized cross-link density gr g=gmax

Fig. 5. Parameters of the deformation process observed for a PSA/PVME mixture under Here, gmax and emax are taken respectively as the maximum
different irradiation intensities. magnitudes of cross-linked density and the elastic strain shown
respectively in Figs. 2 and 4. These results suggest the existence of
to the deviation of the deformation kinetics from the simple expo- a general relation between the equilibrium deformation induced by
nential relaxation. In general, compared to the characteristic length irradiation and the cross-link density as observed respectively with
scales required for the photodimerization of anthracene, the length MacheZehnder interferometer and UVeVis photospectrometer.
scales involving in the deformation kinetics of the blend might be
larger, leading to different kinetics.
3.3. Effects of the glass transition temperature on the deformation
In order to verify the causality between the cross-link reaction
of polymer blends
and the deformation process in the photo-cross-linked PSA/PVME
(30/70) blends, the mean rate of deformation kd obtained by
Fig. 9 show two distinctly different behavior of the cross-link-
MacheZehnder interferometry is plotted versus the mean cross-link
induced strain observed during the course of irradiation for a PSA/
rate kc measured by UVevis spectroscopy in Fig. 6. A strong rela-
PVME (30/70) blend photo-cross-linked respectively at 21.5 C, i.e.
tionship was clearly observed within the range of the irradiation
Tg 5 C and at 25 C, i.e. Tg 8:5 C . Here, Tg indicates the glass
intensity, suggesting the causal relation between the cross-link
transition temperature of the blend before irradiation. For the rst
process and the deformation kinetics observed in situ by
30 min of irradiation, the shrinkage revealed by an increase in the
MacheZehnder interferometer. To further investigate the correla-
elastic strain e was observed under both irradiation conditions.
tion between the cross-link and the deformation processes of the
Furthermore, the rate of deformation is slightly larger for a PSA/
PSA/PVME blend, the strain etirr dened in Eq. (6) was plotted
PVME (30/70) blend irradiated at higher temperature. It was found
versus the cross-link density g(tirr) in Fig. 7. Within the range of the
that the blend cross-linked at 21.5 C continuously shrinks during
UV intensity used in this work, a general tendency was observed for
180 min of irradiation, whereas the PSA/PVME (30/70) blend photo-
the cross-linked polymer: the elastic deformation e increases with
cross-linked at a higher temperature (25.0 C) exhibits a larger
increasing g, i.e. g becomes more negative upon increasing g. This
shrinkage in the rst 30 min of irradiation and subsequently swells
general tendency can be more clearly seen in the reduced plot shown
in Fig. 8 where the normalized strain dened as er e=emax was
Fig. 8. Correlation between reduced strain er (er e/emax) and reduced cross-link
Fig. 6. Correlation between the rates of the cross-link reaction and the deformation density gr (gr g/gmax)obtained for a PSA/PVME (30/70) blend under different irra-
process observed for a PSA/PVME (30/70) mixture at 21.5 C. diation intensities.
311
because the difference with those obtained after tirr 30 min is not
signicant under the experimental conditions. The variation of the
blend Tgs with irradiation time is illustrated in Fig. 11. On the other
hand, the glass transition temperature Tg of the cross-linked blend
determined from the peak of tan d in DMA experiments was almost
the same for the blends cross-linked at 21.5 C and 25 C, indicating
that the effects of experimental temperature on Tg of the blends are
not signicant in this range of temperature. As expected, for shorter
irradiation times 30 and 40 min, Tg are respectively 20.7 C and
22.3 C. Both Tgs obtained under these irradiation conditions are
located below the experiment temperature of Fig. 9-b, i.e. 25 C,
whereas the experiment temperature of Fig. 9-a is sandwiched by
these two Tgs. These data support the conclusion that the strain of
the blend under irradiation is determined by the competition
between the shrinking and swelling kinetics, resembling the
kinetics of consecutive chemical reactions [21]. Actually, the irra-
diation-time dependence of the elastic strain shown in Fig. 9-b can
be tted to the difference between two exponential functions of
irradiation time:
etirr As expks tirr Ar expkr tirr Ab (11)

where As and Ar are respectively the fraction of the shrinking and
recovery processes. ks, kr are respectively the rate of the shrinking
and recovery processes. Ab is the baseline, expressing the limiting
strain as t irr /N . These kinetic parameters are given in the caption
of Fig. 9.
Finally, the glass transition temperature Tg of this PSA/PVME(30/
70) blend increases from 16.5 C, before cross-link, to 26.3 C after
180 min of irradiation with the UV intensity 5.0 mW/cm2. The
limiting value of the average cross-link density is g z 24 junctions/
chain calculated from the UV absorbance of the anthracene moie-
ties. On the other hand, the tan d of these cross-linked blends
obtained after 180 min of irradiation reveals a broad peak with
a maximum at 26.3 C and a shoulder around 5 C. Since the
cross-linked blends are transparent after the experiments and
particularly the cloud point of the blend is located at 109 C which
is very far away from the irradiation temperature, the double broad
peaks of the tan d depicted in Fig. 10 do not come from phase
separation, but would instead reect the dynamic inhomogeneity
of the mixture. This feature originates from the large difference in
mobility between the two miscible components, PVME and PSA/
Fig. 9. Deformation observed for a PSA/PVME (30/70) blend at different temperatures:

(a) 21.5 C; (b) 25 C. For comparison, the corresponding normalized optical density
(B) and the corresponding cross-link density (C) were indicated in the same gures.
The irradiation intensity I is 5.0 mW/cm2.
back as revealed by a decrease in the elastic strain e with irradiation

time as shown in Fig. 9-b. For reference, the variation of the
normalized absorbance of anthracene ODN(tirr) and the cross-link
density g(tirr) of the blends monitored under these two irradiation
conditions is depicted in the same gures.
In order to understand this deformation behavior, the glass
transition temperature Tg of the blends irradiated in 30, 40 and
180 min was measured by dynamic mechanical analysis and are
compared with the sample without irradiation. The irradiation
time-dependence of the tan d obtained at 1 Hz is shown in Fig. 10.
From these results, it was found that as irradiation time increases,
Fig. 10. The loss tan d obtained by DMA at 1 Hz for a PSA/PVME (30/70) blend obtained
the peak of tan d shifts to the high temperature side, revealing the before and after irradiation for 30 and 180 min with UV light (365 nm, 5.0 mW/cm2).
increase in Tg of the blend with irradiation time. It should be noted The corresponding Tgs are indicated in the gure. The experimental temperature was
that the data obtained for tirr 40 min were not shown in the gure indicated by vertical arrow at the top.
312
1) The cross-link process can be well analyzed by using the modi-

ed KohlrauscheWilliamseWatts (KWW) kinetics, revealing the
local inhomogeneity of the cross-link reaction in the mixture.
2) Deformation associated with the cross-link process in situ
observed by MZI also exhibits the shrinkage which follows the
modied KohlrauscheWilliamseWatts (KWW) function of
irradiation time within the experimental time scales, suggest-
ing the roles of composition uctuations on the reaction
kinetics in the polymer mixture. There exists a close correlation
between the rate of cross-link and the rate of deformation.
These results seem to reveal a general relation between the
cross-link reaction and the resulting deformation.
3) The deformation kinetics is controlled by the glassication
Fig. 11. Dependence of the glass transition temperature of a PSA/PVME (30/70) blend process of the sample, i.e. by the distance between the glass
on irradiation time. The two irradiation temperatures are indicated by the dotted- transition temperature Tg and the experimental temperature.
dashed line.
This relative distance determines the swelling and shrinkage
cross-linked PSA. Such the behavior of tan d was reported previ- behavior of the cross-link blends.
ously for binary miscible blends [22,23]. It is worth noting that the
dynamic inhomogeneity phenomena have been observed in
Acknowledgement
a number of miscible polymer mixtures and were extensively
reviewed recently [24].
The nancial support from the Ministry of Education, Japan
On the other hand, it is known that photodimerization of anthra-
(MONKASHO) via the Scientic Research Type B (No. 20350107)
cene is controlled by viscosity of their environments [20]. Though the
and Research-on-Priority-Area Soft Matter Physics (No. 21015018)
frequency range of segmental motions of the PSA component which
is greatly acknowledged. D.-T. V.-P. greatly appreciates the Schol-
could affect the cross-link reaction, is not clearly known [25], these
arship from the Ministry of Education (MONKASHO), Japan to
dynamic mechanical data indicate that the experimental tempera-
pursue the PhD program at Kyoto Institute of Technology, Japan.
tures (21.5 and 25 C) in the MZI experiments are located in between
the glass transition temperatures of the blend before (16.5 C) and after
180 min of irradiation (26.3 C). In other words, as illustrated in Fig.11, References
Tg of the blend is located below the experimental temperatures and
the sample is in the rubber state before the irradiation cross-link [1] Haight R, Longo P, Wagner A. MRS Bulletin 2006;31:634e8. and other articles
process. During irradiation, Tg of the blend gradually increases and in this MRS Bulletin: Cahill DG, Yalisove SM. editors. Ultrafast lasers in
materials Research, vol. 31.
approaches the experimental temperature. As reported previously in [2] Cabrera M, Jezequel JY, Andre JC. Lasers in polymer science and technology:
recent experiments using MZI [14,15], depending upon the competi- applications. Boca Raton. In: Fouassier JP, Rabek JF, editors. Florida: CRC Press,
tions between the cross-link reaction and the glassication, a reacting Inc; 1990. p. 73e95 [chapter 3].
[3] Tran-Cong-Miyata Q, Nakanishi H. Polymers, liquids and colloids in elec-
blend can exhibit three distinct behavior after irradiation is turned off: tric elds. In: Tsori Y, Steiner U, editors. New Jersey: World Scientic;
(1) swelling back when Tg of the cross-linked blend is still below the 2009. p. 171e95 [chapter 6].
experimental temperature Texp; (2) the blend continuously shrinks [4] Kataoka K, Harada A, Tamai T, Tran-Cong QJ. Polym Sci Polym Phys
1998;36:455e62.
due to the physical aging process associated with the cross-link-
[5] Nielsen LE, Landel RF. Mechanical properties of polymers and composites. 2nd
induced glassication [15]; (3) for an intermediate cross-link density, ed. New York: Marcel Dekker Inc; 1994.
the strain is apparently unchanged within the time scale of the [6] Tran-Cong-Miyata Q, Nishigami S, Ito T, Komatsu S, Norisuye T. Nat Mater
2004;3:448e50.
observation. The experimental data illustrated in Fig. 9 reect the
[7] Tran-Cong-Miyata Q, Nishigami S, Yoshida S, Ito T, Ejiri K, Norisuye T. ACS
kinetics of the deformation processes governed by the competition Symposium Series. Nonlinear dynamics in polymeric systems, vol. 768.
between the glassication and the elastic restoring processes of Washington DC: Am. Chem. Soc.; 2004. pp. 276e290 [chapter 22].
a sample under UV irradiation. [8] Ishino S, Nakanishi H, Norisuye T, Awatsuji Y, Tran-Cong-Miyata Q. Macromol
Rapid Commun 2006;27:758e62.
The experimental results described above demonstrate the capa- [9] Azzam RMA, Bashara NM. Ellipsometry and polarized light. North-Holland:
bility of MacheZehnder interferometry not only in monitoring the Science; 1988.
glassication process of cross-linked polymers, but also in providing [10] Tien PK. Appl Opt 1971;10:2395e413.
[11] Russell TP. Mater Sci Rep 1990;5:171e271.
a tool to study the kinetics of glass transition and physical aging of [12] Poulsen HF, Wert JA, Neuefeind J, Honkimaki V, Daymond M. Nat Mater
polymers under photocuring. Furthermore, the information on the 2005;4:33e6.
effects of polymerepolymer interactions (the Flory c-parameter) on [13] Robinson I, Harder R. Nat Mater 2009;8:291e8.
[14] Inoue K, Komatsu S, Trinh X-A, Norisuye T, Tran-Cong-Miyata QJ. Polym Sci
the shrinkage and the deformation kinetics would be important for Polym Phys 2005;43:2898e913.
materials processing using UV light in microlithography. These [15] Van-Pham D-T, Sorioka K, Norisuye T, Tran-Cong-Miyata Q. Polym J
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[16] Harada A, Tran-Cong Q. Macromolecules 1997;30:1643e50.
[17] Yu W-C, Sung CSP, Robertson RE. Macromolecules 1988;21:355e64.
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[19] Cahn JW, Hilliard JE. J Chem Phys 1958;28:258e67.
[20] Yoshizawa H, Ashikaga K, Yamamoto M, Tran-Cong Q. Polymer 1989;30:534e9.
By the combination of UVevis spectroscopy and MacheZehnder
[21] Atkins P, De Paula J. Physical chemistry. 8th ed. Oxford: Oxford University
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subsequent deformation processes in an anthracene-labeled poly- [22] Arbe A, Alegria A, Alberdi JM, Colmenero J, Hoffmann S, Willner L, et al.
styrene/poly(vinyl methyl ether) (PSA/PVME) blend was in situ Macromolecules 1999;32:7572e81.
[23] Urakawa O, Fuse Y, Hori H, Tran-Cong Q, Yano O. Polymer 2001;42:765e73.
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313
FULL PAPER
DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.200500609
Synthesis of the Tricyclic Core of Solanoeclepin A through Intramolecular

[2+2] Photocycloaddition of an Allene Butenolide
B. T. Buu Hue,[a] Jan Dijkink,[a] Sanne Kuiper,[a] Sjoerd van Schaik,[a]

Jan H. van Maarseveen,[a] and Henk Hiemstra*[a]
Keywords: Allenes / BaylisHillman reaction / [2+2] Cycloaddition / Natural products / Photochemistry / Terpenoids
Studies are reported towards the synthesis of solanoeclepin 34. A five-step sequence starting with the BaylisHillman re-
A (1), the hatching agent of potato cyst nematodes. Two ap- action between benzyl butadienolate and paraformaldehyde
proaches are investigated to access the tricyclic core includ- leads to bromide 34. The crucial photocycloaddition of 39
ing the intricate bicyclo[2.1.1]hexanone moiety. The first ap- proceeds with excellent regioselectivity and produces the ad-
proach is based on the intramolecular [2+2] photocycloadduct 40 in good yield. This methylenecyclobutane-containing
dition of dioxenone butenolide 10 and is shown to be less product 40 is deemed to contain the appropriate functionali-
practical due to the limited synthetic utility of the photoprod- ties for future studies towards the natural product as is indi-
uct 11. The second approach uses as the key step the intra- cated through a model study leading to cyclobutanone 25.
molecular [2+2] photocycloaddition reaction of allene buten-
olide 39. This latter photosubstrate is prepared through sil- ( Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim,
ver-mediated coupling of silyloxyfuran 9 and allenic bromide Germany, 2006)
Introduction cyst nematode. The total synthesis[35] and some studies on

the structure-activity relationship of glycinoeclepin A have
Solanoeclepin A (1, Figure 1) is the most active natural been published.[6,7]
hatching agent of potato cyst nematodes (PCN) showing The great interest in the structure of the PCN hatching
activity at nanomolar concentration.[1] Its structure was fi- agent results from the need to develop an environmentally
nally elucidated in 1992 by X-ray analysis after a long benign way to combat the nematodes, which cause serious
period of intensive studies through the joint efforts of a losses in potato production. The unavailability of the natu-
number of Dutch research organizations.[2] The similarities ral product in useful quantities from natural sources and
between solanoeclepin A and glycinoeclepin A (2), the the unique structure render solanoeclepin A a challenging
hatching agent of soybean cyst nematodes, are quite inter- synthetic target. Moreover, the synthetic work will provide
esting although the latter shows no stimulus for the potato information on structure-activity relationships, which could
lead to simpler analogs of solanoeclepin A possessing suf-
ficient hatching activity for PCN.[8]
Our synthetic approach to solanoeclepin A is based on
the eventual chromium-mediated[9] coupling of aldehyde 3
with enol triflate 4 and subsequent closure of the seven-
membered ring (Scheme 1). We recently published[10] the
synthesis of aldehyde 3 in enantiopure form and the proof
of principle for the formation of the seven-membered ring
so that the next goal was the preparation of the tetracyclic
substructure 4. For the construction of this cyclobutane-
Figure 1. Natural hatching agents of cyst nematodes. containing tricyclic core of solanoeclepin A, we planned to
make use of an intramolecular [2+2] photocycloadditon.[11]
This full paper presents our recent progress with regard to
[a] Van t Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Am-
the synthesis of 4, which has resulted in an expedient route
sterdam, to 5, containing the intricate bicyclo[2.1.1]cyclohexane moi-
Nieuwe Achtergracht 129, 1018 WS, Amsterdam, The Nether- ety. The key step is an intramolecular [2+2] photocycload-
lands
Fax: +31-20-5255670 dition of a butenolide with either a dioxenone as in 6 or an
E-mail: hiemstra@science.uva.nl allene as in 7.
Eur. J. Org. Chem. 2006, 127137 2006 Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KgaA, Weinheim 127 314
H. Hiemstra et al.
FULL PAPER
Scheme 2. Reaction conditions: (a) h, 300 nm, MeCN/acetone

(9:1, v/v); (b) LiAlH4 (5 equiv.), room temp., 52 % (2 steps); (c)
TBSOTf, 2,6-lutidine, 83 %; (d) KHMDS, 78 oC, 1 h; then CS2,
Scheme 1. Retrosynthesis of solanoeclepin A (arbitrary protective 10 C, 2 h; then MeI, room temp., 1 h, 60 %; (e) xylene, reflux,
groups indicated as R). 1 h, 60 %.
of the synthesis should be possible via ozonolysis[15] or an

Results and Discussion
alternative oxidative cleavage procedure. In other words, the
First Approach: [2+2] Photocycloaddition of a Dioxenone double bond could then function as an appropriate protec-
tive group for the four-membered ring ketone moiety.
The dioxenone structure has proved to be a versatile and Alcohol 13 was thus treated with potassium hexamethyl-
efficient building block in synthetic photochemistry al- disilazide (KHMDS) at 78 C for 1 h followed by the suc-
lowing elegant cyclobutane ring formation via [2+2]cyclo- cessive addition of carbon disulfide and methyl iodide. In
addition.[12] In previous studies in our laboratory[13] it has this way, the desired xanthate 14 was successfully isolated
been discovered that acetone sensitized irradiation of diox- in 60 % yield. Xanthate 14 turned out to be reasonably
enone 10 produced the bicyclo[2.1.1]cyclohexane skeleton stable and could be purified by column chromatography de-
11 in a very high yield (Scheme 2). In this process the lac- spite the fact that tertiary xanthates have been rarely char-
tone connection appeared essential to obtain the desired acterized due to their usual instability towards elimination
crossed regioselectivity.[13] While the convenient access to to give olefins or rearrangement to give S-alkyl dithiocar-
11 was encouraging, the well-known sensitivity of this bonates.[16] The stability of 14 is obviously associated with
structure to cyclobutane fragmentation limited its synthetic its cyclobutane nature preventing formation of a tertiary
possibilities. The most obvious way to remove the danger carbocation. Interestingly, elimination can only occur in an
of De Mayo fragmentation[12b] was exhaustive reduction. exocyclic fashion as the two adjacent cyclobutane carbons
Thus, LiAlH4 reduction of the cycloadduct 11 gave the tet- are quaternary. Indeed, upon heating at reflux in xylene for
rahydroxytricyclic system 12 in moderate overall yield 1 h, pyrolysis of 14 smoothly took place furnishing alkene
(52 %) from 10.[13ab] 15 in 60 % yield. The formation of the exocyclic methylene
Several studies were then directed at distinguishing the moiety of 15 is clearly apparent by the presence of two sing-
different hydroxy groups by subsequent chemoselective pro- lets at = 4.72 and 4.34 ppm in its 1H NMR spectrum.
tection, but this appeared difficult.[13a] The most selective Unfortunately, our attempts to transform the double bond
reaction found was the simultaneous silylation of the pri- of 15 into a cyclobutanone moiety via ozonolysis at this
mary and secondary hydroxyls which provided the tertiary stage were unsuccessful (vide infra).
alcohol 13 in good yield. An extensive investigation was We then further investigated the feasibility of chemose-
also devoted to the utility of the dioxenone butenolide cor- lective reactions on the three protected hydroxy groups in
responding to 10 but lacking the C6 methyl group. In that order to deprotect the two rather similar primary alcohols
series of compounds the synthesis of the photochemistry of olefin 15. Treatment of 15 with 10 mol-% of CSA in a
precursor was much more difficult and selectivity in hy- mixture of CH2Cl2 and MeOH at 0 C led to the formation
droxy group distinction was no better.[13d] of diol 16 in a yield of 67 % (Scheme 3).[17] Upon oxidation
We then decided to turn the presence of the methyl group of the two primary alcohols using the DessMartin
to our advantage and considered the elimination of the ter- periodinane reagent,[18] dialdehyde 17 was obtained and
tiary hydroxy group to the corresponding exocyclic alkene used for the next step without purification. Interestingly,
via pyrolysis of the derived xanthate.[14] The conversion of treatment of 17 with TBAF effected liberation of the sec-
this exocyclic methylene into the carbonyl in a later phase ondary hydroxy group which subsequently cyclized onto the
128 www.eurjoc.org 2006 Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim Eur. J. Org. Chem. 2006, 127137 315
Synthesis of the Tricyclic Core of Solanoeclepin A
FULL PAPER
nearby aldehyde moiety to form lactol 18 in reasonable
yield as a single diastereomer. The relative stereochemistry
at the lactol stereocenter is unknown. Lactol 18 was then
treated with an excess (ca. 6 equiv.) of the potassium salt of
triethyl phosphonoacetate to give the desired unsaturated
ester 19a in 83 % yield. Protection of the lactol led to cyclic
methyl acetal 19b as a 3:1 mixture of acetal stereoisomers. Figure 2. Allene butenolide photocycloaddition precedent by
At this point the earlier developed chemistry to introduce Coates (ref.[20]).
the cyclopropane ring could be applied.[13c] In the mean-
time, however, we realized that the synthetic route was be- In order to examine the utility of allenes of type 7 having
coming lengthy and felt the urge to invent a more direct a two-carbon linkage between allene and butenolide double
approach. bonds, we synthesized allene 23 as a model system starting
from the commercially available cyclic anhydride 20
(Scheme 4).[21] The known butenolide 21[22] was readily con-
verted into silyl dienolate 22 and then treated with 1-
bromo-2,3-butadiene[23] in the presence of silver trifluo-
roacetate at low temperature to provide the desired photo-
substrate 23 in 64 % from 21. We were very pleased with
this coupling result as the Jefford coupling procedure[19] was
not known for allyl bromides of the allenic type.
Scheme 3. Reaction conditions: (a) CSA (cat), CH2Cl2/MeOH, (9:1

v/v), 67 %; (b) DessMartin periodinane, CH2Cl2, room temp.; (c)
TBAF, THF, 60 % (2 steps); (d) triethyl phosphonoacetate,
KHMDS, THF, 0 C, 83 %; then CH(OMe)3, CH2Cl2, 87 %.
Second Approach: [2+2] Photocycloaddition of Allene

Scheme 4. Reaction conditions: (a) NaBH4, THF, 60 %; (b) TIP-
Butenolides
SOTf, iPr2NEt, CH2Cl2; (c) CH2=C=CHCH2Br, AgOCOCF3,
As shown in Scheme 1, compound 5 contains the tricy- CH2Cl2, 78 C, 64 % (2 steps); (d) h (300 nm), MeCN/acetone
(9:1 v/v), 5 h, 70 %.
clic core of fragment 4 with the exocyclic methylene group
as a possible protective group for the ketone moiety. In the The key [2+2] photocycloaddition of allene 23 was car-
above approach the double bond was introduced through a ried out in a 9:1 v/v acetonitrile acetone solution in a quartz
four step sequence from dioxenone 6. We envisioned that vessel (Rayonet RPR-3000 lamps) and was found to pro-
the structural motif of olefin 5 might be assembled in a ceed remarkably well leading to the single product 24 as a
single step by using an intramolecular [2+2] photocycload- crystalline solid (m.p. 125127 C) in 70 % yield. The struc-
dition of butenolide 7. This photochemistry precursor ture of 24 was proven by X-ray analysis.[21] The exclusive
would preserve the advantage of the lactone function, while formation of 24 emphasizes the great preference for five-
the allene moiety was anticipated to remedy the problems membered ring formation in intramolecular [2+2]-photocy-
associated with the dioxenone functionality. The substituted cloaddition (the so-called rule of five).[24] The selectivity dif-
allene butenolide 7 should be conveniently accessible based ference with the allene studied by Coates (Figure 2)[20] may
on the coupling procedure developed by Jefford[19] between be explained by the fact that five-membered ring formation
the substituted allenic bromide 8 and silyloxyfuran 9. in the case of 23 leads to an allylic radical intermediate,
Photocycloaddition of an Allene Butenolide Model Sys- whereas five-membered ring formation from Coatess sub-
tem. When we began our study of allenes of type 7, there strate gives a much less stable vinyl radical, so that other
was one literature example of an intramolecular [2+2] pho- cyclization modes can compete (see Figure 3).
tocycloaddition of an ,-unsaturated -lactone with an al-
lene at the -position. Coates et al. reported in 1982 the
photochemistry of the homologous system and observed
only rather low regioselectivity (Figure 2),[20] namely only
16 % of the crossed adduct from reaction of the internal
double bond of the allene, while 40 % of straight product
was obtained (33 % reaction of the internal and 7 % reaction Figure 3. Diradical intermediates in the intramolecular photocy-
of the terminal allene double bond). cloaddition.
Eur. J. Org. Chem. 2006, 127137 2006 Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim www.eurjoc.org 129 316
H. Hiemstra et al.
FULL PAPER
Further chemistry of 24 was then investigated in order to (Scheme 7).[31] The BaylisHillman reaction was initially
reach the model cyclobutanone 25. To that end, the lactone carried out by using an aqueous solution of formaldehyde,
function of 24 was reduced to diol 26 in good yield using generated in situ from paraformaldehyde and aqueous
LiAlH4 (Scheme 5). We planned to generate the angular phosphoric acid,[32] but this procedure was not successful.
methyl group by reductive removal of a sulfonate. Thus, a The use of an excess of dry paraformaldehyde and 20 mol-
protectiondeprotection sequence then produced the pri- % of DABCO in THF turned out to be much better. The
mary alcohol 27 in good yield.[25] Tosylation of 27 followed temperature and the reaction time were found to seriously
by reduction with sodium triethylborohydride[26] gave 28 in influence the yield of the BaylisHillman reaction of allene
good yield. Cleavage of the alkene in 28 through ozonolysis 31. The reaction was best started at 10 C and continued
appeared not possible. Osmium-mediated dihydroxylation at about 18 C for 1.5 h. These optimized conditions re-
was only productive with stoichiometric amounts of os- sulted in a clean mixture of product 32 (60 %) and the start-
mium tetroxide in a pyridine/water mixture at 65 C.[27] In ing allene 31 (28 %), which could easily be separated by col-
this way a single diol 29 was obtained. From 1H NMR umn chromatography.
NOE measurements it was clear that the dihydroxylation The hydroxy group of allene 32 was then protected either
had taken place from the more open endo face of the alkene. as a triisopropylsilyl ether or as a benzyl ether.[33] Re-
Removal of the benzyl protective group by hydrogenolysis duction of the ester moiety using DIBAL-H[34] followed by
followed by oxidative cleavage of the diol with sodium peri- mesylation and substitution of the resulting alcohol gave
odate furnished the desired cyclobutanone 25 in acceptable the corresponding allenic bromide 34a,b in moderate yield
overall yield as a crystalline solid (m.p. 103106 C, IR = over three steps. The modest yield of this sequence is proba-
1798 and 1766 cm1). The structure was confirmed by X- bly due to the low efficiency of the reduction step which
ray analysis.[21] Interestingly, this rather strained -hydroxy appeared to be greatly dependent upon the temperature, the
ketone appeared to be quite stable, although its stability in reaction time and the amount of DIBAL-H used
aqueous medium at different pH values was not studied.[28] (Scheme 6).
Scheme 6. Reaction conditions: (a) MeCOCl, Et3N, CH2Cl2, 82 %;

(b) DABCO (cat), (CH2O)n, THF, 60 % (28 % of 31); (c) TIPSOTf,
Et3N, 79 %; (d) PhCH2OC(NH)CCl3, TMSOTf (cat), 67 %; (e)
DIBAL-H, CH2Cl2, 78 C; (f) MsCl, Et3N; (g) LiBr, acetone.
Scheme 5. Reaction conditions: (a) LiAlH4, THF, 74 %; (b) TBSCl,
imidazole, DMF; (c) BnBr, NaH, THF, Bu4NI (cat), 90 % (2 steps) Preparation of Silyloxyfuran 9. With the required allenic
(d) CSA (cat), MeOH/CH2Cl2 (9:1, v/v), 84 %; (e) TsCl, pyridine; bromide 34 in our hands, we turned to the preparation of
(f) LiBHEt3, THF, 66 % (two steps); (g) OsO4 (1.5 equiv.), pyridine
water, 65 C, 60 % (73 % conv.); (h) H2 (1 atm), 10 % Pd/C, ethanol,
its eventual coupling partner, silyloxyfuran 9. Starting from
65 %; (i) NaIO4, acetone/water, 67 %. the commercially available monoethylene acetal of 1,4-
Compound 25 contains the key structural features of the

core of solanoeclepin A. However, the ultimate natural
product requires one hydrogen atom of the cyclobutanone
ring in 25 to be replaced by a cyclopropanecarboxylic acid
function. In addition, the vinyl triflate moiety, the function-
ality for connecting fragments 3 and 4 of solanoeclepin A
(Scheme 1) needs to be installed on the six-membered ring.
The synthesis of the key intermediate 5 therefore requires
the preparation of the functionalized coupling components,
i.e. allenic bromide 8 and silyloxyfuran 9.
Allenic Bromide 8. The key step of the synthesis of this
allene is the well-known BaylisHillman reaction[29] of ethyl
butanedienoate (31), although formaldehyde had not yet
been reported as an electrophile in this type of DABCO-
Scheme 7. Reaction conditions: (a) (MeO)2CO, NaH, KH, 90 %;
catalyzed reaction.[30] Treatment of commercially available (b) iPr2NEt, Tf2O; (c) DIBAL, 78 C to room temp.; (d) Pd-
triphenylphosphorane 30 with acetyl chloride in the pres- (PPh3)4, CO, LiCl, Et3N, MeCN, reflux, 85 % (3 steps); (e)
ence of Et3N furnished -allenic ester 31 in good yield TIPSOTf, iPr2NEt, 0 C to room temp., 20 h.
FULL PAPER
cyclohexanedione (35), butenolide 38 was synthesized leading to three quaternary centres in a highly compact set-
through a four-step sequence as depicted in Scheme 7. ting is noteworthy.
Methoxycarbonylation of 35 was achieved in 90 % yield This account of our progress towards the synthesis of
with dimethyl carbonate by using sodium hydride in con- solanoeclepin A ends here. The photocycloadducts 40a and
junction with potassium hydride.[35] The enol 36 was sub- 40b are believed to contain appropriate functionalities for
sequently converted into its triflate upon treatment with further elaboration towards the right-hand substructure 4
Hnigs base and triflic anhydride followed by reduction of of the natural product (Scheme 1). Application of the chem-
the ester moiety with DIBAL-H to give the allylic alcohol istry developed previously for the model 24 to the photocy-
37. Palladium-catalyzed carbonylation of the vinyl triflate cloadduct 40a or 40b should provide the angular methyl
furnished butenolide 38 in 85 % overall yield as a crystalline and the cyclobutanone functions. The protected primary
solid (m.p. 100104 C). Exposure of 38 to TIPS-OTf and alcohol should serve as a handle for incorporating a cyclo-
Hnigs base[36] in CH2Cl2 yielded the desired silyloxyfuran propanecarboxylic acid moiety at a later phase of the syn-
9 as an oil which was used for the next step without further thesis. The critical installation of the vinyl triflate from the
purification. ketone could eventually accomplish the right hand sub-
Substituted Allene Butenolides and Photocyclization. The structure 4, a projected key intermediate in the eventual
coupling reaction between silyloxyfuran 9 and bromides synthesis of solanoeclepin A.
34a,b was then carried out. Treatment of a mixture of 34a
and 9 in CH2Cl2 at 78 C with silver trifluoroacetate led
to the desired allene butenolide 39a in 22 % yield Conclusions
(Scheme 8). This low yield is could be due to the instability
The compact tricyclic core of solanoeclepin A (1), con-
of the silyl ether group under the Lewis acidic conditions.
taining the strained bicyclo[2.1.1]hexanone moiety, was pre-
This explanation was confirmed when we found that a satis-
pared by using as the key step an intramolecular [2+2] pho-
factory 60 % yield of 39b was obtained from the coupling
tocycloaddition reaction of an allene butenolide. This syn-
reaction of 9 with benzyl-protected bromide 34b.
thetic strategy has efficiently produced the expedient inter-
mediate 40 in eight steps (longest linear sequence) from
ylide 30. Further studies are underway along the lines de-
scribed above and the results thereof will be reported in due
course.
Experimental Section
General Information: All reactions involving oxygen or moisture
sensitive compounds were carried out under dry nitrogen. THF
and Et2O were distilled from sodium/benzophenone and CH2Cl2
was distilled from CaH2. DMF and toluene were distilled from
CaH2 and stored over 4 molecular sieves. Triethylamine was
stored over KOH pellets. DMSO was dried and stored over 4
molecular sieves. Flash column chromatography was performed
using Acros silica gel (0.0300.075 mm). Petroleum ether (PE, 60/
Scheme 8. Reaction conditions: (a) AgOCOCF3, CH2Cl2, 78 C 80) used for chromatography was distilled prior to use. TLC analy-
to room temp.; (b) for 39a: MeCN/acetone (9:1 v/v); (c) for 39b: ses were performed on Merck F-254 silica gel plates. The Rf values
benzene/acetone (9:1 v/v). given pertain to the solvent system used for the chromatographic
purification. IR spectra were measured using a Bruker IFS 28 FT-
The key photocycloaddition of 39 was then investigated. spectrophotometer and wavelengths ( ) are reported in cm1. 1H
Acetone-sensitized irradiation of butenolide 39a at 300 nm NMR spectra were recorded on a Bruker AC 200 (200 MHz), a
for 1 h in acetonitrile/acetone, 9:1, as the solvent resulted in Bruker ARX 400 (400 MHz) and Varian Inova (500 MHz). The
the desired crossed cycloadduct 40a in good yield. In con- latter machines were also used for 13C NMR spectra (50, 100 and
125 MHz, respectively). Unless otherwise indicated, CDCl3 was
trast, irradiation of 39b under the same conditions led to
used as the solvent. Chemical shifts are given in ppm () relative to
40b in only low yield along with extensive decomposition
an internal standard of chloroform ( =7.26 ppm for 1H NMR and
of the starting material. Further investigation of the photo- 77.0 for 13C NMR). Mass spectra and accurate mass determi-
cycloaddition reaction of 39b revealed that it proceeded nations were performed on a JEOL JMS SX/SX102A, coupled to
best in a 9:1 mixture of benzene and acetone as the solvent. a JEOL MS-MP7000 data system. Elemental analyses were per-
Under such optimized conditions the photocycloadduct 40b formed by Dornis u. Kolbe, Mikroanalytisches Laboratorium,
was isolated in 60 % yield as a stable colourless oil (IR = Mlheim an der Ruhr, Germany.
1770 cm1). The 1H NMR spectrum of the cycloadduct 40b 3-(tert-Butyldimethylsilanoxy)-1,7a-bis(tert-butyldimethylsilanoxy-
shows two singlets at = 4.78 and 4.76 ppm which clearly methyl)-8-methyloctahydro-1,3a-methanoinden-8-ol (13): To a solu-
corresponds to the exocyclic methylene moiety as observed tion of tetrahydroxy compound 12 [13b] (40 mg, 0.17 mmol) in
previously with the model 24. The ease of the cycloaddition CH2Cl2 (1 mL) was added dropwise at 0 C, TBDMSOTf (195 L,
H. Hiemstra et al.
FULL PAPER
0.85 mmol) and 2,6-lutidine (200 L, 1.7 mmol). The resulting mix- aqueous phase was extracted with diethyl ether (3 10 mL). The
ture was stirred at 0 C for 1 h. The reaction was quenched by combined organic layers were washed with brine (40 mL), dried
addition of saturated aqueous NaHCO3 (1 mL). The combined or- with MgSO 4 and concentrated in vacuo. Purification by
ganic layers were washed with brine, dried with MgSO4 and con- chromatography (PE/EtOAc = 2:1) afforded the diol 16 (67 %) as
centrated in vacuo. Purification by chromatography (EtOAc/PE = a colourless oil (Rf = 0.26). IR (CHCl3): = 3300, 2932, 1118,
1:40) afforded 13 (80 mg, 83 %) as a colourless oil. Rf = 0.19. IR 1042 cm1. 1H NMR: = 4.39 (s, 1 H), 4.37 (d, J = 11 Hz, 1 H)
(CHCl3): = 2958, 2929, 2856, 1467, 1254, 1214, 1059 cm1. 1H 4.36 (s, 1 H), 3.94 (dd, J = 2.5, J = 7 Hz, 1 H), 3.69 (d, J = 11 Hz,
NMR: = 4.50 (dd, J = 10.6, 2.4 Hz, 1 H), 4.04 (d, J = 10.7 Hz, 1 H), 3.57 (d, J = 11 Hz, 1 H), 3.49 (d, J = 11 Hz, 1 H), 2.14 (d, J
1 H), 3.83 (dd, J = 7.5, 2.5 Hz, 1 H), 3.80 (d, J = 10.7 Hz, 1 H), = 11 Hz, 1 H), 2.121.94 (m, 2 H), 1.611.41 (m, 6 H), 1.251.20
3.25 (d, J = 10.6 Hz, 1 H), 2.88 (s, 1 H), 2.862.77 (m, 1 H), 2.00 (m, 1 H) 0.88 (s, 9 H), 0.04 (s, 3 H), 0.02 (s, 3 H). 13C NMR: =
(dd, J = 12.3, 7.5 Hz, 1 H), 2.001.87 (m, 2 H), 1.641.59 (m, 2 155.7, 93.2, 72.9, 61.8, 60.8, 58.6, 58.2, 47.0, 39.2, 25.5, 24.8, 21.5,
H), 1.481.43 (m, 2 H), 1.481.43 (m, 2 H), 1.371.18 (m, 2 H), 21.1, 20.5, 17.8, 4.98, 5.27. HRMS (FAB) calcd. for C19H35O3Si
1.13 (s, 3 H), 0.88 (s, 27 H), 0.04 (s, 3 H), 0.04 (s, 3 H), 0.03 (s, 3 [MH+] 339.2355, found 339.2344.
H), 0.02 (s, 3 H), 0.00 (s, 3 H), 0.01 (s, 3 H). 13C NMR: = 85.0,
Lactol 18: To a stirred solution of DessMartin periodinane (Ald-
73.1, 63.6, 62.7, 57.7, 55.8, 50.6, 37.8, 27.3, 26.0, 25.9, 25.8, 22.0,
rich) (0.4 g, 3 equiv.) in CH2Cl2 (2 mL) at room temp. was added
21.7, 21.1, 20.8, 18.24, 18.1, 18.0, 4.7, 5.1, 5.3, 5.5, 5.6,
solution of diol 16 (100 mg, 0.295 mmol) in CH2Cl2 (2 mL). The
5.7. HRMS (FAB) calcd. for C31H65O4Si3 [MH+] 585.4191, found
reaction mixture was stirred at room temp. for 1 h and diethyl ether
585.4079.
(5 mL) was added. The suspended mixture was poured into 1.3 m
Xanthate 14: To a solution of alcohol 13 (900 mg, 1.54 mmol) in aqueous NaOH (7 mL) and the aqueous layer was extracted with
freshly distilled THF (15 mL) at 78 C was added dropwise diethyl ether (3 10 mL). The combined organic layers were
KHMDS in THF (0.5 m in toluene, 6 mL, 2 equiv.). The resulting washed with brine (40 mL), dried with MgSO4 and concentrated
mixture was stirred at 78 C for 1 h and then carbon disulfide was in vacuo to afford crude dialdehyde 17 that was used for the next
added (0.5 mL, 5 equiv.). The reaction mixture was then warmed step without purification. 1H NMR: 9.9 (s, 1 H), 9.8 (s, 1 H), 4.9
up to 10 C and stirred for an additional 2 h. Methyl iodide (s, 1 H), 4.6 (s, 1 H), 4 (d, J = 4 Hz, 1 H), 2.31.2 (m, 8 H), 0.9 (s,
(0.5 mL, 5 equiv.) was added and the reaction mixture was warmed 9 H), 0.1 (s, 6 H).
to room temp. and stirred for 1.5 h. The reaction was quenched by To a solution of crude dialdehyde 17 in THF (3 mL) at 0 C was
saturated aqueous NH4Cl (15 mL). The layers were separated and added TBAF (1 m in THF) (0.5 mL, 2 equiv.). The resulting mix-
the aqueous phase was extracted with diethyl ether (3 15 mL). ture was warmed to room temp. and stirred for 1 h. The reaction
The combined organic layers were washed with brine (50 mL), was quenched by addition of saturated aqueous NaHCO3 (5 mL).
dried with MgSO 4 and concentrated in vacuo. Purification by The layers were separated and the aqueous phase was extracted
chromatography (3 % Et 3 N in PE) afforded the xanthate 14 with diethyl ether (3 5 mL). The combined organic layers were
(623 mg, 60 %) as a colourless oil. Rf = 0.4. IR (CHCl3): = 2928, washed with brine (20 mL), dried with MgSO4 and concentrated in
2855, 1471, 1234, 1064 cm1. 1H NMR: = 4.48 (dd, J = 2, J = vacuo. Purification by chromatography (PE/EtOAc = 1:1) afforded
11 Hz, 1 H), 3.95 (d, J = 11 Hz, 1 H), 3.89 (dd, J = 3, J = 7 Hz, 1 lactol 18 (38 mg, 60 % over two steps) as a colourless oil and as a
H), 3.82 (d, J = 11 Hz, 1 H), 3.28 (d, J = 11 Hz, 1 H), 2.54 (s, 3 single diastereoisomer (Rf = 0.3). IR (CHCl3 ): = 3401, 2931,
H), 2.4 (dd, J = 7, J = 13 Hz, 1 H), 2.172.11 (m, 1 H), 1.971.75 2861, 1710, 800 cm1. 1H NMR: = 9.85 (s, 1 H), 5.53 (d, J =
(m, 1 H), 1.761.72 (m, 4 H), 1.691.20 (m, 6 H), 0.890.87 (m, 27 4 Hz, 1 H), 4.97 (s, 1 H), 4.64 (s, 1 H), 4.31 (d, J = 4 Hz, 1 H),
H), 0.180.00 (m, 18 H). 13C NMR: = 212.3, 99.1, 71.6, 62.4, 3.49 (d, J = 4 Hz, 1 H), 2.51 (d, J = 11 Hz, 1 H), 2.08 (dd, J = 4,
61.4, 59.5, 58.5, 50.2, 36.8, 25.73, 25.71, 25.5, 25.2, 21.57, 21.50, J = 11 Hz, 1 H), 2.061.05 (m, 8 H). 13C NMR: = 200.5, 149.8,
20.2, 19.5, 17.98, 17.91, 17.8, 17.7, 4.9, 5.1, 5.3, 5.4, 5.6, 99.4, 96.5, 81.4, 65.3, 64.2, 60.1, 37.8, 21.1, 20.8, 20.6, 19.2.
5.7. HRMS (FAB) calcd. for C 33 H 67 O 4 S 2 Si 3 [MH + ] 675.3789,
found 675.3787. Lactol Ester 19a: To a solution of triethyl phosphonoacetate
(43.4 L, 1.2 equiv.) in THF (3 mL) was added KHMDS (0.5 m in
Methylenecyclobutane 15: A solution of the xanthate 14 (224 mg, toluene) (1.3 mL, 1.2 equiv.) at 0 C. The reaction mixture was
0.33 mmol) in xylene (5 mL) was added dropwise to boiling xylene stirred at 0 C for 1 h and the solution of lactol 18 (40 mg,
(5 mL) and the resulting mixture was refluxed for 1.5 h and concen- 0.18 mmol) in THF (3 mL) was added dropwise. The resulting mix-
trated in vacuo. Purification by chromatography (5 % Et3N in PE) ture was stirred for 30 min and warmed to room temp. Saturated
afforded alkene 15 (60 %) as a colourless oil. Rf = 0.43. IR (CHCl3): aqueous NH4Cl (10 mL) was added and the mixture was stirred
= 2930, 2857, 1471, 1255, 1066 cm1. 1H NMR: = 4.72 (s, 1 H), for 15 min. The layers were separated and the aqueous phase was
4.35 (d, J = 12 Hz, 1 H), 4.34 (s, 1 H), 3.85 (dd, J = 2, J = 7 Hz, extracted with diethyl ether (3 10 mL). The combined organic lay-
1 H), 3.793.73 (m, 2 H), 3.38 (d, J = 11 Hz, 1 H), 2.28 (dd, J = ers were washed with brine (30 mL), dried with MgSO4 and con-
7, J = 11 Hz, 1 H), 1.93 (d, J = 13 Hz, 1 H), 1.63 (d, J = 2, J = centrated in vacuo. Purification by chromatography (PE/EtOAc =
11 Hz, 1 H), 1.501.10 (m, 7 H), 0.89 (s, 9 H), 0.88 (s, 9 H), 0.87 1.5:1) afforded ester 56 (43.3 mg, 83 %) (Rf = 0.32). IR (CHCl3):
(s, 9 H), 0.04 (s, 6 H), 0.01 (s, 6 H), 0.00 (s, 6 H). 13C NMR: = = 3394, 2938, 1706, 1650 cm1. 1H NMR: = 7.04 (d, J = 16 Hz,
157.4, 93.3, 73.2, 61.2, 61.0, 60.6, 59.5, 47.1, 38.4, 25.7, 25.6, 25.5, 1 H), 6.02 (d, J = 16 Hz, 1 H), 5.52 (s, 1 H), 4.68 (s, 1 H), 4.51 (s,
25.3, 21.8, 21.2, 20.4, 18.0, 17.9, 17.7, 4.9, 5.2, 5.5, 5.7, 5.81, 1 H), 4.27 (d, J = 4.5 Hz, 1 H), 4.18 (q, J = 7 Hz, 2 H), 3.503.30
5.88. HRMS (FAB) calcd. for C 31 H 63 O 3 Si 3 [MH + ] 567.4085, (br., 1 H), 2.34 (d, J = 11 Hz, 1 H), 1.96 (dd, J = 5, J = 11 Hz, 1
found 567.4097. H), 1.871.77 (m, 2 H), 1.621.25 (m, 5 H), 1.28 (t, J = 7 Hz, 3
H), 1.251.06 (m, 1 H). 13C NMR: = 166.4, 153.3, 143.0, 122.8,
Diol 16: To a solution of olefin 15 (260 mg, 0.459 mmol) in CH2Cl2/
100.0, 94.3, 81.9, 64.1, 60.1, 58.7, 58.5, 39.8, 20.8, 20.6, 20.5, 19.2,
MeOH (8 mL, 9:1, v/v) at 0 C was added CSA (13.5 mg,
14.0.
0.11 equiv.). The reaction mixture was warmed to room temp. and
stirred for 4 h. The reaction was quenched by addition of saturated Protected Lactol 19b: To a solution of the lactol 19a (175 mg,
aqueous NaHCO 3 (10 mL). The layers were separated and the 0.6 mmol) in CH2Cl2 (10 mL) was added at room temp. trimethyl
FULL PAPER
orthoformate (0.8 mL, 12 equiv.) and PPTS (45 mg, 0.3 equiv.). kept under argon and irradiated for the time indicated. The reac-
The reaction mixture was stirred at room temp. overnight. The re- tion was followed by monitoring the UV absorption of the starting
action was quenched by saturated aqueous NaHCO3 (10 mL). The material on TLC. When complete conversion was observed, the
layers were separated and the aqueous phase was extracted with solvent was removed in vacuo.
diethyl ether (3 10 mL). The combined organic layers were
Photocycloaddition Product 24: According to the general procedure
washed with brine (40 mL), dried with MgSO4 and concentrated
A, solution of allene 23 (85 mg, 0.45 mmol) in acetonitrile/acetone
in vacuo. Purification by chromatography (PE/EtOAc = 4:1) af-
(0.05 m, 9:1 v/v) was irradiated (300 nm) for 5 h to give 24 (60 mg,
forded the product 62 (157 mg, 87 %, 3:1 mixture of two di-
0.32 mmol, 70 %) as colourless crystals after column chromatog-
asteroisomers) as a colourless oil (Rf = 0.43). IR (CHCl3): = 2923,
raphy (PE/EtOAc = 4:1), Rf = 0.40, m.p. 125127 C. IR (CHCl3):
1710, 1650 cm1. 1H NMR (major): = 6.99 (d, J = 16 Hz, 1 H),
= 2941, 1763, 1215 cm1. 1H NMR: = 4.76 (s, 1 H), 4.61 (d, J
5.97 (d, J = 16 Hz, 1 H), 5.00 (s, 1 H), 4.68 (s, 1 H), 4.51 (s, 1 H),
= 3.9 Hz, 1 H), 4.56 (s, 1 H), 2.94 (s, 1 H), 2.17 (br. d, J = 13.8 Hz,
4.25 (d, J = 4.6 Hz, 1 H), 4.19 (q, J = 7 Hz, 2 H), 3.41 (s, 3 H),
1 H), 2.10 (dd, J = 12.0, 4.1 Hz, 1 H), 1.87 (br. d, J = 15 Hz, 1 H),
2.24 (d, J = 11 Hz, 1 H), 1.921.84 (m, 2 H), 1.75 (d, J = 11 Hz, 2
1.73 (dd, J = 12.0, 2.3 Hz, 1 H), 1.621.45 (m, 4 H), 1.35 (m, 1 H),
H), 1.611.32 (m, 4 H), 1.29 (t, J = 7 Hz, 3 H), 1.110.89 (m, 1
0.96 (m, 1 H). 13C NMR: = 175.6, 150.8, 96.0, 79.6, 66.0, 53.9,
H).
48.4, 36.6, 21.7, 21.1, 20.1, 19.3. Elemental analysis: calcd. for
4,5,6,7-Tetrahydro-3H-isobenzofuran-1-one (21): To a stirred sus- C12H14O2, C 75.76, H 7.42; found C 75.65, H 7.40. The crystal
pension of NaBH4 (950 mg, 25.1 mmol) in THF (70 mL) at 0 C structure of this compound was published elsewhere.[21]
was added dropwise over 2 h a solution of 3,4,5,6-tetra-
7a-Hydroxymethyl-8-methyleneoctahydro-1,3a-methanoinden-3-ol
hydrophthalic anhydride 20 (3.8 g, 25.0 mmol) in THF (100 mL).
(26): To a 1 m solution of LiAlH4 in THF (6.5 mL, 5 equiv.) at
The reaction mixture was stirred at 0 C for 1 h and at room temp.
room temp. was added a solution of lactone 24 (250 mg,
for another 1 h. The reaction mixture was cooled to 0 C and acidi-
1.315 mmol) in THF (5 mL). The resulting mixture was stirred at
fied with 2 m HCl (until pH 3). The layers were separated and the
room temp. for 30 min and carefully quenched with EtOAc. Satu-
aqueous phase was extracted with CH2Cl2 (2 100 mL). The com-
rated aqueous Na2SO4 (10 drops) was then added and the mixture
bined organic layers were washed with saturated aqueous NaHCO3
was stirred for 1 h. After addition of more solid Na2SO4 the mix-
(300 mL) and brine (300 mL), dried with MgSO4 and concentrated
ture was filtered through Celite and concentrated in vacuo. Purifi-
in vacuo. Purification by chromatography (PE/EtOAc = 2:1) af-
cation by chromatography (EtOAc) afforded diol 26 as a colourless
forded 21 (2.13 g, 15.4 mmol, 60 %) as a colourless solid, m.p. 56
solid (189 mg, 74 %). Rf = 0.30, m.p. 110114 C. IR (neat): =
57 C (ref.[22] m.p. 5354 C). IR (CHCl3): = 1735, 1678 cm1. 1H
3397, 2934, 1690 cm1. 1H NMR (methanol): = 4.53 (s, 1 H), 4.35
NMR: = 4.67 (br. s, 2 H), 2.30 (m, 2 H), 2.22 (m, 2 H), 1.75 (m,
(s, 1 H), 4.23 (dd, J = 11.9, 1.8 Hz, 1 H), 3.88 (dd, J = 7.6, 2.6 Hz,
4 H). 13C NMR: = 174.1, 160.9, 126.0, 71.8, 23.3, 21.3, 21.2, 19.7.
1 H), 3.46 (d, J = 11.9 Hz, 1 H), 2.65 (s, 1 H), 2.10 (ddd, J = 11.8,
Triisopropyl-(4,5,6,7-tetrahydroisobenzofuran-1-yloxy)silane (22): 7.8, 1.7 Hz, 1 H), 2.03 (br. d, J = 13.4 Hz, 1 H), 1.891.85 (m, 1
To a stirred solution of lactone 21 (100 mg, 0.72 mmol) in CH2Cl2 H), 1.671.50 (m, 6 H), 1.301.26 (m, 1 H). 13C NMR (methanol):
(2 mL) at 0 C was added dropwise triisopropylsilyl triflate (250 L, = 158.0, 94.5, 73.3, 63.5, 60.3, 51.3, 47.1, 36.6, 28.8, 23.0, 22.8,
285 mg, 0.93 mmol) and diisopropylethylamine (251 L, 186 mg, 21.6.
1.44 mmol). The reaction mixture was warmed to room temp. and
7a-(tert-Butyldimethylsilanyloxymethyl)-8-methyleneoctahydro-
stirred overnight. The reaction was quenched with ice-cold satu-
1,3a-methanoinden-3-ol: To a stirred solution of diol 26 (158 mg,
rated aqueous NH4Cl (2 mL). The layers were separated and the
0.81 mmol) in DMF (5 mL) at room temp. was added tert-butyldi-
aqueous phase was extracted with diethyl ether (3 10 mL). The
methylsilyl chloride (182 mg, 1.5 equiv.) and imidazole (386 mg,
combined organic layers were washed with brine (30 mL), dried
7 equiv.). The reaction mixture was stirred for 5 h and diluted with
with MgSO4, and concentrated in vacuo to afford 22 as a colour-
EtOAc (10 mL). The organic phase was washed with 2 % aqueous
less oil, which was used for the next step without further purifica-
solution of citric acid (10 mL), water (10 mL), and brine (10 mL),
tion. 1H NMR: = 6.55 (s, 1 H), 2.46 (m, 2 H), 2.34 (m, 2 H),
dried with MgSO4 and concentrated in vacuo to provide 273 mg
1.63 (m, 4 H), 1.21 (m, 3 H), 1.07 (m, 18 H).
(0.88 mmol) crude silyl-protected alcohol as a colourless oil. The
3-(Buta-2,3-dienyl)-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-3H-isobenzofuran-1-one (23): crude silyl ether was used for the next step without further purifica-
To a solution of the crude silyloxyfuran 22 and 1-bromobuta-2,3- tion. IR (neat): = 3400, 2930, 1684 (w), 1254, 1080 cm 1 . 1H
diene [23] (144 mg, 1.08 mmol, 1.5 equiv.) in CH 2Cl2 (25 mL) at NMR: = 4.51 (s, 1 H), 4.34 (s, 1 H), 3.943.80 (m, 2 H), 3.74 (d,
78 C was added silver trifluoroacetate (240 mg, 1.09 mmol). The J = 10.9 Hz, 1 H), 3.12 (d, J = 6.8 Hz, 1 H), 2.61 (s, 1 H), 2.14
reaction mixture was stirred at 78 C for 20 min and then at (ddd, J = 12.0, 7.6, 1.6 Hz, 1 H), 1.861.72 (m, 3 H), 1.671.48 (m,
20 C for 3 h and at room temp. overnight. The mixture was fil- 5 H), 1.351.27 (m, 1 H), 0.90 (s, 9 H), 0.07 (s, 3 H), 0.06 (s, 3 H).
13
tered through Celite and the filtrate was concentrated in vacuo. C NMR: = 156.2, 93.7, 72.6, 63.8, 62.4, 50.4, 45.1, 36.5, 30.8,
Purification by chromatography (PE/EtOAc = 4:1) afforded 23 25.7, 21.9, 21.5, 20.7, 18.0, 5.6, 5.8.
(85 mg, 0.45 mmol, 62 % from 21) as a slightly yellow oil (Rf =
(3-Benzyloxy-8-methylenehexahydro1,3a-methanoinden-7a-ylmeth-
0.17). IR (neat): = 2941, 2947, 1957, 1747, 1681 cm1. 1H NMR:
oxy)-tert-butyldimethylsilane: To a solution of the above crude
= 5.00 (m, 1 H), 4.88 (m, 1 H), 4.70 (m, 2 H), 2.58 (m, 1 H), 2.31
alcohol (273 mg, 0.88 mmol) in THF (5 mL) at room temp. was
(m, 1 H), 2.22 (m, 4 H), 1.74 (m, 4 H). 13C NMR: = 209.3, 173.2,
added benzyl bromide (0.2 mL, 288 mg, 1.68 mmol), and sodium
162.7, 127.2, 83.2, 81.6, 75.2, 31.1, 23.1, 21.4 (2 C), 19.7. HRMS
hydride (60 wt.% dispersion in mineral oil, 80 mg, 2 equiv.). The
(FAB) calcd. for C12H15O2 [MH+] 191.1072, found 191.1076.
resulting mixture was stirred at room temp. for 30 min. Tetra-n-
General Procedure A for the Intramolecular [2+2] Photocycload- butylammonium iodide (cat) was added and stirring was continued
ditions: The photoreaction was carried out in an air-cooled quartz overnight. The reaction was quenched with ice water. The layers
vessel in a Rayonet photoreactorvessel with Rayonet RPR 300 nm were separated and the aqueous phase extracted with diethyl ether
lamps. A solution of the substrate in the indicated solvent was de- (3 10 mL). The combined organic layers were washed with brine
gassed by bubbling argon through for 30 min. The solution was (30 mL), dried with MgSO4 and concentrated in vacuo to afford
H. Hiemstra et al.
FULL PAPER
the fully protected compound as a colourless oil after chromato- 1 H), 4.47 (d, J = 12.3 Hz, 1 H), 4.33 (s, 1 H), 3.69 (dd, J = 7.3,
graphic purification (290 mg, 0.73 mmol, 90 % from 26). IR (neat): 2.8 Hz, 1 H), 2.51 (s, 1 H), 2.02 (ddd, J = 11.4, 7.3, 1.6 Hz, 1 H),
= 2929, 1684 cm1 (w), 1077 cm1. 1H NMR: = 7.357.24 (m, 1.911.81 (m, 2 H), 1.661.42 (m, 6 H), 1.281.20 (m, 1 H), 1.16
5 H), 4.56 (d, J = 12.2 Hz, 1 H), 4.52 (s, 1 H), 4.46 (d, J = 12.2 Hz, (s, 3 H). 13C NMR: = 157.0, 139.1, 128.0 (2 C), 127.0, 126.9 (2
1 H), 4.34 (s, 1 H), 4.23 (dd, J = 10.8, 1.7 Hz, 1 H), 3.69 (dd, J = C), 93.7, 79.8, 71.0, 61.0, 51.8, 41.2, 34.1, 33.8, 22.2, 21.8, 20.6,
7.3, 2.7 Hz, 1 H), 3.47 (d, J = 10.8 Hz, 1 H), 2.68 (s, 1 H), 2.09 16.4. HRMS (FAB) calcd. for C19H25O [MH+] 269.1905, found
2.00 (m, 2 H), 1.87 (dd, J = 11.5, 1.9 Hz, 1 H), 1.641.46 (m, 6 H), 269.1908.
1.251.20 (m, 1 H), 0.88 (s, 9 H), 0.02 (s, 6 H). 1 3 C NMR
3-Benzyloxy-8-hydroxymethyl-7a-methyloctahydro-1,3a-methanoin-
(200 MHz): = 156.2, 139.0, 128.2 (2 C), 127.23, 127.18 (2 C),
den-8-ol (29): To a stirred solution of 28 (113 mg, 0.42 mmol) in
94.0, 79.8, 72.1, 61.4, 59.7, 49.9, 46.2, 33.7, 26.9, 26.0, 21.9, 21.7,
pyridine/water (1:1, v/v, 5 mL) at room temp. was added OsO 4
21.1, 18.3, 5.31, 5.33.
(161 mg, 0.63 mmol, 1.5 equiv.). The reaction mixture was heated
(3-Benzyloxy-8-methylenehexahydro-1,3a-methanoinden-7a-yl)meth- to 65 C, stirred for 6 h at this temperature and then cooled to
anol (27): To a stirred solution of the above silyl ether (312 mg, room temp. Saturated aqueous NaHSO3 (10 mL) and solid Na2SO3
0.78 mmol) in CH2Cl2/MeOH (9:1 v/v, 5 mL) at room temp. was (50 mg) were added and the resulting mixture was stirred for
added camphorsulphonic acid (60 mg, 0.3 equiv.). The reaction 30 min. The layers were separated and the aqueous phase was ex-
mixture was stirred at room temp. for 3 h and quenched with satu- tracted with EtOAc (3 10 mL). The combined organic layers were
rated aqueous NaHCO3 (5 mL). The layers were separated and the washed with saturated aqueous NaHSO3 (30 mL), water (30 mL),
aqueous phase extracted with EtOAc (3 5 mL). The combined or- brine (30 mL), dried with MgSO4, and concentrated in vacuo to
ganic layers were washed with brine (20 mL), dried with MgSO4, afford the crude product. Chromatographic purification (hexanes/
and concentrated in vacuo to give alcohol 27 as a slightly yellow oil EtOAc = 1:1) gave residual starting material (26.0 mg, 0.097 mmol)
(185 mg, 0.65 mmol, 84 %) after chromatography (hexane/EtOAc = and diol 29 (55.6 mg, 0.18 mmol, 60 % yield, based on 73 % conver-
3:1). Rf = 0.26. IR (neat): = 3370, 2930, 1687, 1452 cm1. 1H sion) as a colourless oil. Rf = 0.37. IR (neat): = 3400, 2926, 1453,
NMR: = 7.347.26 (m, 5 H), 4.63 (d, J = 11.9 Hz, 1 H), 4.55 (s, 1274, 1073 cm1. 1H NMR: = 7.367.23 (m, 5 H), 4.62 (d, J =
1 H), 4.48 (d, J = 11.9 Hz, 1 H), 4.37 (s, 1 H), 3.93 (d, J = 11.9 Hz, 12.3 Hz, 1 H), 4.50 (d, J = 12.3 Hz, 1 H), 4.38 (br. d, J = 11 Hz, 1
1 H), 3.813.76 (m, 2 H), 2.66 (s, 1 H), 2.11 (br. s, 1 H), 2.05 (ddd, H), 4.25 (br. d, J = 11 Hz, 1 H), 4.15 (dd, J = 7.1, 2.2 Hz, 1 H),
J = 11.9, 7.1, 1.6 Hz, 1 H), 1.97 (br. d, J = 11 Hz, 1 H), 1.901.48 3.15 (s, 1 H), 2.29 (s, 1 H), 2.242.11 (m, 1 H), 2.082.07 (m, 1 H),
(m, 8 H). 13C NMR: = 155.3, 138.1, 128.2 (2 C), 127.4, 127.2 (2 1.921.91 (m, 2 H), 1.671.60 (m, 4 H), 1.461.32 (m, 3 H), 1.20
C), 94.2, 79.5, 71.2, 63.7, 61.8, 49.8, 45.6, 33.6, 30.8, 21.8, 21.5, (s, 3 H). 13C NMR: = 139.3, 128.0 (2 C), 126.9 (3 C), 81.0, 80.8,
21.2. 71.5, 67.8, 58.3, 48.3, 38.7, 33.0, 32.4, 22.0, 21.7, 21.2, 20.4.
(3-Benzyloxy-8-methylenehexahydro-1,3a-methanoinden-7a-yl)- 8-Hydroxymethyl-7a-methyloctahydro-1,3a-methanoindene-3,8-diol:
methyl p-Toluenesulfonate: To a stirred solution of alcohol 27 A mixture of benzyl ether 29 (48 mg, 0.159 mmol) and pre-equili-
(227 mg, 0.80 mmol) in pyridine (4 mL) at room temp. was added brated 10 % Pd/C (40 mg) in ethanol (2 mL) was treated with hy-
p-toluenesulfonyl chloride (306 mg, 1.60 mmol). The reaction mix- drogen at room temp. and atmospheric pressure for 30 min. The
ture was stirred overnight and quenched with ice-cold 3 % aqueous mixture was filtered and the filtrate was evaporated to yield the
citric acid (10 mL). The layers were separated and the aqueous desired triol (22 mg, 0.104 mmol, 65 %) as a colourless oil after
phase extracted with EtOAc (3 10 mL). The combined organic chromatographic purification (EtOAc). Rf = 0.30. IR (neat): =
layers were washed with water (30 mL), brine (30 mL), dried with 3400, 2932, 1058 cm1. 1H NMR (CD3OD): = 4.364.32 (m, 1
MgSO4, and concentrated in vacuo to afford the crude tosylate as H), 4.33 (d, J = 11.5 Hz, 1 H), 4.1 (d, J = 11.5 Hz, 1 H), 2.32.27
a colourless oil (341 mg, 0.78 mmol), that was used for the next (m, 2 H), 2.24 (s, 1 H), 1.7 (dd, J = 1, J = 11 Hz, 1 H), 1.661.4
step without further purification. IR (CHCl 3 ): = 2939, 1696, (m, 7 H), 1.16 (s, 3 H). 13C NMR: = 81.0, 73.9, 67.8, 58.0, 48.4,
1598, 1452, 1356, 1175 cm1. 1H NMR: = 7.73 (d, J = 8.3 Hz, 2 38.6, 34.6, 33.2, 22.0, 21.35, 21.31, 19.9.
H), 7.377.21 (m, 7 H), 4.77 (dd, J = 10.5, 1.9 Hz, 1 H), 4.58 (s, 1 3-Hydroxy-7a-methyloctahydro-1,3a-methanoinden-8-one (25): To a
H), 4.42 (d, J = 12.0 Hz, 1 H), 4.38 (s, 1 H), 4.32 (d, J = 12.0 Hz, stirred solution of the above triol (22 mg, 0.104 mmol) in acetone/
1 H), 3.92 (d, J = 10.5 Hz, 1 H), 3.64 (dd, J = 7.3, 2.5 Hz, 1 H), water (1:1, v/v, 2 mL) at 0 C was added NaIO4 (45 mg, 2 equiv.).
2.71 (s, 1 H), 2.41 (s, 3 H), 1.981.90 (m, 2 H), 1.671.41 (m, 7 H), The resulting mixture was warmed up to room temp. and stirred
1.061.00 (m, 1 H). 13C NMR: = 154.4, 144.2, 138.3, 132.8, 129.5 for 30 min. Most of the acetone was evaporated in vacuo. The resi-
(2 C), 128.1 (2 C), 127.8 (2 C), 127.2, 126.9 (2 C), 95.3, 78.8, 70.7, due was dissolved in EtOAc (5 mL) and the organic phase washed
68.7, 62.2, 49.7, 44.0, 33.0, 26.8, 21.4, 21.3, 21.0, 20.6. HRMS with brine (5 mL) and concentrated in vacuo to provide cyclobut-
(FAB) calcd. for C26H31O4S [MH+] 439.1943, found 439.1945. anone 25 as a colourless solid after chromatography purification
(hexanes/EtOAc = 4:1). Rf = 0.10. Recrystallization (diisopropyl
3-Benzyloxy-7a-methyl-8-methyleneoctahydro-1,3a-methanoindene
ether) gave colourless crystals (12 mg, 0.067 mmol, 64 %), m.p. 103
(28): Lithium triethyl borohydride (1 m in THF, 3 mL, 4 equiv.) was
106 C. IR (neat): = 3430, 2938, 1798, 1766 cm1. 1H NMR: =
added to a solution of the above tosylate in THF (10 mL) at 0 C.
4.08 (dd, J = 7.8, 2.8 Hz, 1 H), 2.63 (s, 1 H), 2.28 (ddd, J = 12.7,
The reaction mixture was brought to reflux for 1 h and then cooled
7.8, 1.5 Hz, 1 H), 2.00 (ddd, J = 12.7, 3.0, 1.6 Hz, 1 H), 1.87 (br.
to 0 C. The reaction was quenched with ice/water and the layers
s, 1 H), 1.81.2 (m, 8 H), 1.31 (s, 3 H). 13C NMR: = 202.8,
were separated. The aqueous layer was extracted with diethyl ether
70.0, 67.9, 61.0, 36.1, 35.3, 32.4, 22.2, 21.3, 18.8, 14.2. The crystal
(3 10 mL). The combined organic layers were washed with 3 n
structure of this compound was published elsewhere.[21]
aqueous NaOH (10 mL) and 30 % aqueous H2O2 (10 mL), water
(30 mL), brine (30 mL), dried with MgSO4, and concentrated in Benzyl Buta-2,3-dienoate (31):[31] Benzyl (triphenylphosphoranyl-
vacuo to provide 28 (142 mg, 0.53 mmol, 66 % from 27) as a colour- idene)acetate (50.42 g, 123 mmol) was dissolved in CH 2 Cl 2
less oil after chromatography (hexane/EtOAc = 20:1). Rf = 0.50. (400 mL) in a three-necked, round-bottomed flask under nitrogen.
IR (neat): = 2931, 2857, 2860, 1686, 1455, 1355, 867 cm1. 1H The solution was stirred at room temp. as solution of Et 3 N
NMR: = 7.367.24 (m, 5 H), 4.58 (d, J = 12.3 Hz, 1 H), 4.49 (s, (12.42 g, 1 equiv.) in CH 2 Cl 2 (100 mL) was added dropwise
FULL PAPER
(10 min). After 10 min, CH 3 COCl (9.66 g, 1 equiv.) in CH 2 Cl2 was added a solution of 2-[(triisopropylsilyloxy)methyl]buta-2,3-
(100 mL) was added dropwise over a period of 20 min. Stirring was dien-1-ol (3.345 g, 13.06 mmol) in CH2Cl2 (8 mL) followed by Et3N
continued for an additional 30 min, after which the clear, yellow (2.73 mL, 1.5 equiv.). The reaction mixture was warmed to room
mixture was evaporated on a rotary evaporator at reduced pressure. temp. and stirred for 30 min. CH2Cl2 (10 mL) was added and the
A portion of PE (800 mL) was added to the residue and the slurry organic phase was washed with water (30 mL), brine (30 mL), dried
was allowed to stand for 2 h while it was shaken periodically to with MgSO4 and concentrated in vacuo to afford the crude mesyl-
facilitate solidification. The precipitate was removed by filtration ate which was used for the next step without purification. 1 H
and the filter was washed with PE (2 50 mL). The filtrates were NMR: = 4.95 (t, J = 2 Hz, 2 H), 4.83 (t, J = 1.8 Hz, 2 H), 4.33
combined and the solvent was evaporated. Purification by (t, J = 2 Hz, 2 H), 3.02 (s, 3 H), 1.141.03 (m, 21 H).
chromatography (PE/EtOAc = 4:1) afforded the desired product To a stirred solution of LiBr (4.46 g, 4 equiv.) in acetone (20 mL)
(17.46 g, 82 %) as a colourless oil. Rf = 0.43. IR (CHCl3): = 1969, at 0 C was added a solution of the above crude mesylate in acetone
1716, 1259, 1155, 855 cm1. 1H NMR: = 7.377.31 (m, 5 H), 5.68 (20 mL). The reaction mixture was stirred at room temp. for 30 min
(t, J = 6.5 Hz, 1 H), 5.23 (d, J = 6.5 Hz, 2 H), 5.19 (s, 2 H). 13C then water was added. The aqueous layer was extracted with
NMR: = 215.8, 165.2, 135.7, 128.3, 128.0, 127.9, 87.6, 79.2, 66.3. CH2Cl2 (3 20 mL) and the combined organic layers were washed
Benzyl 2-(Hydroxymethyl)buta-2,3-dienoate (32): To a suspension with brine (60 mL), dried with MgSO4 and concentrated in vacuo
of paraformaldehyde (95 %, 535 mg, 5 equiv.) (pre-dried under vac- to give allenyl methyl bromide 34a (2.91 g, 70 % two steps) as a
uum at 50 C for 30 min) in THF (10 mL) at 10 C was added colourless oil after purification (PE/EtOAc = 2:1). Rf = 0.6. IR
dropwise a solution of DABCO (pre-dried under vacuum for (neat): = 2943, 2866, 1955 cm1. 1H NMR (benzene): = 4.51
30 min, 76 mg, 0.2 equiv.) in THF (5 mL) followed by a solution of 4.49 (m, 2 H), 4.35 (t, J = 2.4 Hz, 2 H), 3.973.96 (m, 2 H), 1.10
allenic ester 31 (590 mg, 3.39 mmol) in THF (5 mL). The reaction 1.01 (m, 21 H). 13C NMR (benzene): = 207.3, 102.8, 77.7, 62.6,
mixture was warmed to 18 C and stirred for 1.5 h. The reaction 31.8, 18.8, 12.9.
was quenched by saturated aqueous NH4Cl (10 mL). The layers
Butenolide 38: To a stirred solution of -keto ester 36[35] (8.56 g,
were separated and the aqueous phase was extracted with ethyl
40 mmol) in CH2Cl2 (100 mL) at 78 C was added dropwise DI-
acetate (3 10 mL). The combined organic layers were washed with
PEA (35 mL, 5 equiv.) and triflic anhydride (8.1 mL, 1.2 equiv.).
brine (30 mL), dried with MgSO4 and concentrated in vacuo. Puri-
The reaction mixture was warmed to room temp. for 4 h, and then
fication by chromatography (PE/EtOAc = 1.5:1) afforded the de-
stirred for 18 h. The reaction mixture was washed with ice water
sired product 32 (416 mg, 60 %) as slightly brown oil along with
(100 mL), 10 % aqueous solution of citric acid (2 100 mL), dried
the starting allene 31 (28 %). Rf = 0.25. IR (CHCl3): = 3407,
with MgSO4 and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was dissolved
1966, 1708, 1262, 1027, 854 cm1. 1H NMR: = 7.357.25 (m, 5
in EtOAc and filtered through silica and solvent was evaporated to
H), 5.26 (s, 2 H), 5.22 (s, 2 H), 4.34 (s, 2 H), 2.50 (s, br. s, 1 H).
13 afford the crude vinyl triflate (14.45 g) as a yellow oil which was
C NMR: = 213.0, 166.4, 135.5, 128.3, 128.0, 127.7, 99.5, 79.8,
used for the next step without purification. 1H NMR: = 4.05
66.5, 60.7.
3.96 (m, 4 H), 3.80 (s, 3 H), 2.672.62 (m, 4 H), 1.90 (t, J = 6.4 Hz,
Benzyl 2-(Triisopropylsilanyloxymethyl)buta-2,3-dienoate (33a): To 2 H).
a solution of allenyl methyl alcohol 32 (350 mg, 1.71 mmol) in
CH2Cl2 (20 mL) at 0 C was added TIPSOTf (0.7 mL, 1.5 equiv.) To a stirred solution of the crude triflate (3.46 g) in THF (75 mL)
followed by Et3N (260 mg, 1.5 equiv.). The reaction mixture was at 78 C was added DIBAL-H (1.5 m in toluene, 15.3 mL,
stirred 0 C for 1 h. The reaction was quenched by saturated aque- 2.3 equiv.) over 40 min. The resulting mixture was stirred at 78 C
ous NaHCO3 (20 mL). The layers were separated and the aqueous for 2 h and warmed to room temp. Saturated aqueous Na2SO4 was
phase was extracted with diethyl ether (3 20 mL). The combined then added at 0 C. After stirring for 1 h at room temp., solid
organic layers were washed with brine (60 mL), dried with MgSO4 Na2SO4 was added. The mixture was stirred for 2 days at room
and concentrated in vacuo. Purification by chromatography (PE/ temp. and filtered through Celite and concentrated in vacuo to
EtOAc = 15:1) afforded the desired product (484 mg, 79 %) as a afford the crude alcohol 37 (3.06 g, 96 %) which was used for the
colourless oil (Rf = 0.3). IR (neat): = 2943, 2865, 1969, 1712, next step without further purification. 1H NMR: = 4.19 (s, 2 H),
1258, 1064 cm1. 1H NMR: = 7.357.29 (m, 5 H), 5.26 (t, J = 4.023.97 (m, 4 H), 2.602.50 (m, 4 H), 1.90 (t, J = 6.4 Hz, 2 H).
3 Hz, 2 H), 5.20 (s, 2 H), 4.47 (t, J = 3 Hz, 2 H), 1.251.01 (m, 21 CO was bubbled through a solution of the crude 37 (3.06 g),
H). 13C NMR: = 213.5, 165.6, 135.8, 128.2, 127.8, 127.6, 101.4, Pd(PPh 3 ) 4 (25.55 mg, 5 mol-%) and LiCl (20 mg, 5 mol-%) in
80.6, 66.2, 59.7, 17.7, 11.7. MeCN (30 mL) for 20 min. To this solution was added Et 3 N
2-[(Triisopropylsilyloxy)methyl]buta-2,3-dien-1-ol: To a stirred solu- (2.7 mL) and the resulting mixture was refluxed for 7 h under an
tion of allenic ester 33a (214 mg, 0.59 mmol) in dried toluene atmosphere of CO (1 bar, balloon). After cooling to room temp.,
(8 mL) at 78 C was added DIBAL-H (1.5 m in toluene) (1.2 mL, the reaction mixture was filtered through Celite and concentrated
3 equiv.). The reaction mixture was stirred at 78 C for 1 h and in vacuo. The residue was purified by flash chromatography (PE/
carefully quenched with EtOAc at 0 C. Saturated aqueous solution EtOAc = 1:1) affording the desired butenolide 38 (1.59 g, 86 %)
of Na 2 SO 4 (0.5 mL) was added and the resulting mixture was from 36 as white crystals (Rf = 0.17). M.p. 100104 C. IR (CHCl3):
stirred for 1 h. After adding solid Na2SO4, the mixture was filtered = 2935, 1755, 1682 cm1. 1H NMR: = 4.67 (t, J = 2.6 Hz, 2 H),
through Celite and the filtrate was concentrated in vacuo. Purifi- 4.02 (s, 4 H), 2.56 (s, 2 H), 2.482.42 (m, 2 H), 1.87 (t, J = 6.4 Hz,
cation by chromatography (PE/EtOAc = 5:1) afforded the title 2 H). 13C NMR: = 173.0, 158.5, 126.0, 107.6 (2 C), 71.1, 64.7,
compound (91.5 mg, 61 %) as a colourless oil (R f = 0.26). IR 34.5, 30.7, 18.9. HRMS (EI) calcd. for C10H12O4 196.0736, found
(CHCl3): = 3396, 2943, 2866, 1961 cm1. 1H NMR: = 4.864.84 196.0733.
(m, 2 H), 4.404.39 (m, 2 H), 4.274.24 (m, 2 H), 2.32 (t, J = 6 Hz, Silyloxyfuran 9: To a stirred solution of lactone 38 (70 mg,
1 H), 1.311.01 (m, 21 H). 13C NMR (benzene): = 206.1, 104.53, 0.35 mmol) in CH2Cl2 (5 mL) at 0 C was added dropwise triiso-
77.37, 64.2, 62.78, 18.0, 12.8. propylsilyl triflate (0.15 mL, 1.3 equiv.) and diisopropylethylamine
[2-(Bromomethyl)buta-2,3-dienyloxy]triisopropylsilane (34a): To a (0.1 mL, 2 equiv.). The reaction mixture was warmed to room
solution of MsCl (1.54 mL, 1.5 equiv.) in CH2Cl2 (30 mL) at 0 C temp. and stirred overnight. The reaction was quenched with ice-
H. Hiemstra et al.
FULL PAPER
cold saturated aqueous NH4Cl (5 mL). The layers were separated step without further purification. IR (neat): = 3357, 1957, 1072,
and the aqueous phase was extracted with diethyl ether (3 10 mL). 1018 cm1. 1H NMR: = 7.507.25 (m, 5 H), 4.954.80 (m, 2 H),
The combined organic layers were washed with brine (30 mL), 4.54 (s, 2 H), 4.25 (br., 2 H), 4.204.10 (m, 2 H).
dried with MgSO4, and concentrated in vacuo to afford 9 as a [2-(Bromomethyl)buta-2,3-dienyloxymethyl]benzene (34b): To a
colourless oil, which was used for the next step without further solution of MsCl (0.5 mL, 1.5 equiv.) in CH2Cl2 (30 mL) at 0 C
purification. 1H NMR: = 6.58 (s, 1 H), 4.023.99 (m, 4 H), 2.69 was added a solution of the above mixture of 2-(benzyloxymethyl)
(s, 2 H), 2.54 (t, J = 6.6 Hz, 2 H), 1.83 (t, J = 6.6 Hz, 2 H), 1.31 buta-2,3-dien-1-ol and benzyl alcohol (803 mg) in CH2Cl2 (15 mL)
1.17 (m, 3 H), 1.08 (s, 6 H), 1.06 (s, 6 H), 1.04 (s, 6 H). followed by Et3N (0.9 mL, 1.5 equiv.). The reaction mixture was
General Procedure B for the Jefford Coupling Reaction: A mixture stirred at 0 C for 30 min CH2Cl2 (10 mL) was added and the or-
of silver trifluoroacetate (1.2 equiv.), molecular sieves (4 ) and the ganic phase was washed with water, brine (30 mL), dried with
allenic bromide 34 (1.2 equiv.) in CH2Cl2 (0.3 m) was stirred for MgSO4 and concentrated in vacuo to afford the crude mesylate
10 min at 78 C before adding a solution of furanolate 9 (1 equiv.) (1.24 g) which was used for the next step without purification. To
in CH2Cl2 (0.3 m). The resulting mixture was stirred at 78 C for a stirred solution of LiBr (432 mg, 4 equiv.) in acetone (10 mL) at
20 min and at 20 C for additional 2 h and then at room temp. 0 C was added a solution of the crude mesylate (1.24 g) in acetone
overnight. The reaction mixture was filtered through Celite and (10 mL). The reaction mixture was stirred at room temp. for 30 min
solvent evaporated in vacuo. The coupling product was purified by then water was added. The aqueous layer was extracted with
column chromatography. CH2Cl2 and the combined organic layers were washed with brine
(20 mL), dried with MgSO4 and concentrated in vacuo to give al-
TIPS-Substituted Allenyl Butenolide 39a: According to procedure
lenyl methyl bromide 34b (516 mg, 37 % from 33b) as a colourless
B, allene bromide 34a (1.3 g, 1.5 equiv.) gave butenolide 39a
oil after purification (PE and then PE/EtOAc = 7:1). Rf = 0.43. IR
(260 mg, 22 %). IR (neat): = 2944, 2867, 1960, 1758 cm1. 1H
(CHCl3): = 2857, 1951, 1207, 1071 cm1. 1H NMR: = 7.357.27
NMR: = 5.014.98 (m, 2 H), 4.834.75 (m, 2 H), 4.23 (qt, J =
(m, 5 H), 4.90 (t, J = 2 Hz, 2 H), 4.53 (s, 2 H), 4.18 (t, J = 2 Hz,
12, J = 2.5 Hz, 2 H), 4.00 (br. s, 4 H), 2.602.34 (m, 6 H), 1.86
2 H), 4.10 (t, J = 2 Hz, 2 H). 13C NMR: = 207.5, 137.6, 128.2,
1.77 (m, 2 H), 1.130.87 (m, 21 H). 13C NMR (in benzene): =
127.6, 127.5, 98.6, 76.9, 72.0, 67.6, 31.3. HRMS (FAB) calcd. for
172.2, 160.9, 127.6, 108.7, 99.6, 80.8, 77.6 (not seen in CDCl3),
C12H14BrO [MH+] 253.0228, found 253.0228.
65.4, 65.19, 65.18, 53.9, 53.2, 32.4, 31.4, 20.0, 18.8, 12.9.
Benzyl-Substituted Allenyl Butenolide 39b: According to procedure
Photocycloadduct 40a: According to procedure A, butenolide 39a B, allenyl methyl bromide 34b gave the coupling product 39b after
(260 mg, 0.599 mmol) in acetonitrile/acetone (9:1, v/v, 30 mL) was purification by chromatography (PE/EtOAc = 1:1) (Rf = 0.28). IR
irradiated for 15 min which gave 40a (155 mg, 60 %) as a colourless (neat): = 2888, 1957, 1752, 1063 cm1. 1H NMR: = 7.357.26
oil after purification (PE/EtOAc = 4:1). Rf = 0.23. IR (CHCl3): (m, 5 H), 4.96 (br. s, 1 H), 4.864.80 (m, 2 H), 4.49 (s, 2 H), 4.08
= 2944, 2865, 1779, 1111 cm1. 1H NMR: 4.77 (s, 2 H), 4.63 (d, J 4.00 (m, 2 H), 3.993.95 (br. s, 4 H), 2.582.50 (m, 2 H), 2.462.36
= 4 Hz, 1 H), 3.963.85 (m, 6 H), 2.162.10 (m, 2 H), 2.03 (dd, J (m, 3 H), 2.352.29 (m, 1 H), 1.841.78 (m, 2 H). 13C NMR: =
= 14, J = 1.6 Hz, 1 H), 1.911.8 (m, 3 H), 1.651.61 (m, 1 H), 1.42 207.1, 172.0, 160.9, 137.7, 128.2, 127.6, 127.5, 126.2, 107.5, 95.2,
(td, J = 4, J = 14 Hz, 1 H), 1.100.99 (m, 21 H). 13C NMR: 174.5, 80.3, 70.2, 71.6, 70.9, 64.5, 34.2, 31.9, 30.4, 18.7. HRMS (FAB)
151.6, 108.4, 96.6, 79.8, 65.1, 64.4, 63.8, 59.1, 59.0, 54.5, 38.7, 30.8, calcd. for C22H25O5 [MH+] 369.1702, found 396.1698.
29.1, 17.7, 17.3, 11.6.
Photocycloaddition Product 40b: According to procedure A, solu-
Benzyl 2-(Benzyloxymethyl)buta-2,3-dienoate (33b): To a solution tion of allene 39b in benzene/acetone (9:1, v/v) was irradiated
of allenyl methyl alcohol 32 (364 mg, 1.78 mmol) in CH 2 Cl 2 (300 nm) for 1 h to give 39b. Purification by chromatography (PE/
(15 mL) at 0 C was added benzyl trichloroacetimidate (0.34 mL, EtOAc = 2:1) afforded the cyclized adduct (Rf = 0.28). IR (CHCl3):
1 equiv.) followed by TMSOTf (64 L, 0.2 equiv.). The reaction = 2949, 2880, 1770, 1111 cm1. 1H NMR: = 7.357.27 (m, 5
mixture was warmed to room temp. and stirred overnight. Solvent H), 4.78 (s, 1 H), 4.76 (s, 1 H), 4.65 (d, J = 4 Hz, 1 H), 4.48 (s, 2
was then evaporated under reduced pressure. PE/Et 2 O (6:1) H), 3.963.83 (m, 4 H), 3.67 (d, J = 10.5 Hz, 1 H), 3.62 (d, J =
(20 mL) was added to the residue and the slurry was filtered 10.5 Hz, 1 H), 2.172.02 (m, 3 H), 1.911.80 (m, 3 H), 1.651.60
through a plug of silica gel to remove the formed trichloroacetam- (m, 1 H), 1.4 (td, J = 4, J = 14 Hz, 1 H). 13C NMR: = 174.6,
ide. The silica gel was washed with PE/Et2O (6:1) (3 10 mL). The 151.3, 137.7, 128.2, 127.4, 127.2, 108.3, 96.8, 79.9, 73.0, 65.4, 65.2,
combined organic layers were washed with saturated aqueous 64.4, 63.8, 57.3, 54.9, 39.0, 30.8, 29.1, 17.4. HRMS (FAB) calcd.
NaHCO3 (30 mL), brine (30 mL), dried with MgSO4 and concen- for C22H25O5 [MH+] 369.1702, found 369.1703.
trated in vacuo. Purification by chromatography (PE/EtOAc = 5:1)
afforded the desired product 33b (312 mg, 60 %) as a colourless oil
(Rf = 0.3). IR (neat): = 1965, 1708, 1260, 1070 cm1. 1H NMR: Acknowledgments
= 7.397.27 (m, 10 H), 5.27 (t, J = 2 Hz, 2 H), 5.22 (s, 2 H), 4.57
(s, 2 H), 4.28 (t, J = 2 Hz, 2 H). We thank the NUFFIC for financial support to B. T. Buu Hue
through a development cooperation project between the Universi-
2-(Benzyloxymethyl)buta-2,3-dien-1-ol: To a stirred solution of al- ties of Amsterdam and Can Tho (Vietnam). We also acknowledge
lenyl ester 33b (1.6 g, 5.44 mmol) in dried CH 2 Cl 2 (60 mL) at Professors F.S. Guziec Jr. (Southwestern University, USA),
78 C was added DIBAL-H (1.5 m in toluene) (11 mL, 3 equiv.). J. Lugtenburg (University of Leiden, The Netherlands) and P.
The reaction mixture was stirred at 78 C for 2 h and carefully Wender (Stanford University, USA) for useful discussions.
quenched with EtOAc at 0 C. Saturated aqueous Na2SO4 (0.5 mL)
was added and the resulting mixture was stirred for 1 h. After add-
[1] J. G. Mulder, P. Diepenhorst, P. Plieger, I. E. M. Brggemann-
ing solid Na2SO4, the mixture was filtered through Celite and the Rotgans, PCT Int. Appl. WO 93/02,083 (Chem. Abstr. 1993,
filtrate was concentrated in vacuo. Purification by chromatography 118, 185844z).
(PE/EtOAc = 2:1) afforded a mixture of the desired 2-benzyloxy- [2] H. Schenk, R. A. J. Driessen, R. de Gelder, K. Goubitz, H. Ni-
methyl-buta-2,3-dien-1-ol contaminated with benzyl alcohol eboer, I. E. M. Brggemann-Rotgans, P. Diepenhorst, Croat.
(803 mg) as a colourless oil (Rf = 0.23) which was used for the next Chem. Acta 1999, 72, 593.
FULL PAPER
[3] A. Murai, N. Tanimoto, N. Sakamoto, T. Masamune, J. Am. [15] a) L. Fitjer, U. Quabeck, Synthesis 1987, 299; b) P. S. Bailey,
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H. Watanabe, K. Mori, J. Chem. Soc., Perkin Trans. 1 1991, 1993, 34, 2733.
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Choudhury, Eur. J. Org. Chem. 2004, 2193. Rossier, J. Boukouvalas, Tetrahedron Lett. 1990, 31, 5741.
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J. Pornet, B. Randrianoelina, L. Miginiac, J. Organomet. Chem.
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1979, 174, 1.
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kel, J.-F. Brire, J. H. van Maarseveen, F. P. J. T. Rutjes, H. Hi- 4932; b) R. S. H. Liu, G. S. Hammond, J. Am. Chem. Soc.
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Benningshof, R. H. Blaauw, A. E. van Ginkel, F. P. J. T. Rutjes, [25] Attempted direct synthesis of the monotosylate from 26 by
J. Fraanje, K. Goubitz, H. Schenk, H. Hiemstra, Chem. Com- using tosyl chloride in pyridine followed by reduction failed,
mun. 2000, 1465. probably because of the proximity of the secondary alcohol
[11] The most direct approach to the bicyclo[2.1.1]hexanone skel- causing formation of a cyclic ether. See ref.[13d].
eton of 4 would be an intramolecular ketene olefin cycload- [26] S. Krishnamurthy, H. C. Brown, J. Org. Chem. 1976, 41, 3064.
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precedent: B. B. Snider, R. A. H. F. Hui, J. Org. Chem. 1985, 1993, 34, 8275.
50, 5167. [28] The reported instability of the natural product in basic medium
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1990, 27, 25; b) J. D. Winkler, C. Mazur Bowen, F. Liotta, [29] a) D. Basavaiah, P. D. Rao, R. S. Hyma, Tetrahedron 1996, 52,
Chem. Rev. 1995, 95, 2003; c) N. Haddad, I. Rukhman, Z. Ab- 8001; b) S. E. Drewes, G. H. P. Roos, Tetrahedron 1988, 44,
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[13] a) R. H. Blaauw, J.-F. Brire, R. de Jong, J. C. J. Benningshof, Utaka, J. Org. Chem. 1993, 58, 5952.
A. E. van Ginkel, F. P. J. T. Rutjes, J. Fraanje, K. Goubitz, H. [31] R. W. Lange, H.-J. Hansen, Org. Synth. 1984, 62, 202.
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Blaauw, J.-F. Brire, R. de Jong, J. C. J. Benningshof, A. E. 35, 1371.
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van Maarseveen, H. Hiemstra, Eur. J. Org. Chem. 2001, 2371; [35] a) J.-F. Lavallee, C. Spino, R. Ruel, K. T. Hogan, P. Deslongch-
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Wiley, New York, 2001, p. 1330; c) C. H. DePuy, R. W. King, Received: August 10, 2005
Chem. Rev. 1960, 60, 431. Published Online: November 7, 2005
Ph lc IV: Chng trnh cao hc tham kho
1. Chng trnh o to cao hc ngnh cng ngh ha hc ca i hc Bch

Khoa TPHCM
CNG NGH HA HC (605275)
Phng thc o to: A - Ging dy mn hc TC: 58

B - Nghin cu TC: 58
Mc tiu o to: o to cc chuyn vin Cng ngh ha hc trnh thc s

Gip hc vin nm vng l thuyt, b sung v nng cao kin thc, tng cng
kin thc lin ngnh gm: cng ngh ha v c, cng ngh ha hu c, cng ngh ha
l v cng ngh lc ha du cng mt s lnh vc khc...
Nng cao k thut thc hnh, c kh nng lm vic c lp, sng to v c nng lc
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cc phng php k thut chuyn su p dng lm tng nng sut v hiu sut
thit b trong cng ngh hin i,
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TT Mn hc TC LT TN BT, HK
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325
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12 2 30 15
chuyn tip
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Cng ngh hu c
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Ha hc phm nhum v KT nhum in 2
17 2 15 15 15
bng
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19 Chin lc tng hp hu c 2 30 15 3
20 Xc tc phc 2 30 15 2
Cng ngh du kh
21 Cng ngh ch bin du th 2 30 15 2
22 Ha du t kh 2 30 15 2
23 Th nghim lc ha du 2 60 3
24 Du th 2 30 15 2
25 Xc tc ch bin du 2 30 15 2
Cng ngh ha l
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27 Xc tc phc 2 30 15 2
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khc (*)
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326
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ThS.
2. Chng trnh o to cao hc ngnh cng ngh ha hc ca Trng i hc

Cambridge (Anh)
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING CORE:

- Fluid Mechanics
- The Environment Colloid Science
- Biopharmaceuticals
- Modern Metrology
- Electrochemical Engineering
- Rheology & Processing
- Particle Technology
- Catalysis
ELECTIVES
- Technological Innovation
- Project Management
- International Business Economics
- Strategic Management
- Management of Technology
- Sustainable Energy
- Contaminated Land & Waste Containment
- Sustainable Water Engineering
327
- Nuclear Power Engineering
- Computational Fluid Dynamics
3. Chng trnh o to cao hc ngnh cng ngh ha hc ca Trng i hc

Michigan (M)
Graduate Degree Requirements

MSE
1. BS degree in chemical engineering (or equivalent).
2. ChE graduate credits: 21 or more hours.
Must include:
Research Survey ChE 595

Fluid Flow ChE 527
Reactor Analysis ChE 528
Heat and Mass Transport ChE 542
Statistical Thermodynamics ChE 538
Math for Chemical Engineers ChE 505
NOTE: PhD students must take all of these core chemical engineering courses, along
with two cognate courses, during their first year, unless advised otherwise by the
graduate program chair. View a required first-year schedule sample for PhD students
with a B.S. degree in chemical engineering.
May include:
Up to 6 credit hours of research (ChE 695).
May not include:
ChE 601 (Department Seminars), courses taken as Pass/Fail.
3. Cognate graduate credits: 4 - 9 hours (at least two technical courses outside ChE or
within ChE but outside your area of specialization if approved by thesis advisor and
graduate program chair).
4. Total credits: 30 hours.
5. Grade point average required: 5.00 (B or better).

It is the student's responsibility to apply for the MSE degree before the deadline.
328
4. Chng trnh o to cao hc ca Trng i hc khoa hc k thut Quc
gia i Loan (National Taiwan University of Science and Technology)
Master_Course
Department of Chemical Engineering, NTUST
Master/Doctoral Program Course List
odd number year even number year

fall semester spring semester fall semester spring semester
core Transport Transport Transport Phenomena Transport
courses Phenomena (1) Phenomena (2) (1) Phenomena (2)
Advanced Chemical Advanced Advanced Chemical Advanced
Engineering Kinetics Chemical Engineering Kinetics Chemical
Engineering Engineering
Thermodynamics Thermodynamics
Professi Physical Chemistry Advanced Physical Chemistry of Experimental
onal of Surfaces Environmental Surfaces Design
courses Science
Multivariable Process Process Simulation Advanced
Control Integration and Process Control
Computer Aided
Design
Applied Numerical Advanced Applied Control System Supercritical
Methods Thermodynamics Design Fluid Technology
Biomolecular Enzyme Advanced Adsorption
Engineering Engineering Environmental Technology and
Engineering Engineering
Advanced Inorganic Gas-Solid Principles of Polymer Advanced
Chemistry Reactions Processing Polymer
Chemistry
Hetero. Catalyst Advanced Advanced Analytical Fluidization
Chemical Chemistry Engineering
Engineering
Mathematics
Advanced Organic Advanced Solid Electronic Materials Reactor Design
Chemistry State Chemistry
Applied Advanced Electrochemical Vacuum and Thin
Electrochemistry Chemical Process Reaction Engineering Film Technology
Safety
Physical Properties Expert System in Theory and Chemical Vapor
of Polymers Process Applications of Deposition and
329
odd number year even number year
fall semester spring semester fall semester spring semester
Engineering Nuclear Magnetic Its Applications
Seminar Preparation,Struct Tissue Regeneration Advanced
ures,and and Biomedical Physical
Applications of Materials Chemistry
Nanomaterials
Seminar Optical Properties of Applied
Materials Microbiology
Seminar Recombinant
DNA Technology
Methods of X-
Ray and Neutron
Scattering
Seminar
330
PH LC V: CC QUYT NH
331
332
333
334
335
336
337
338
339
340
341
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to;
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QUYT NH
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i hc Cn Th.
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iu 3. Cc ng Trng phng o to, K hoch tng hp, cc n v o to

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HIU TRNG
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342
QUY NH O TO TRNH THC S
(Ban hnh km theo Quyt nh s 2102 /2009/HCT ngy 31 /12/2009
ca Hiu trng Trng i hc Cn Th)
Chng I - NHNG QUY NH CHUNG

iu 1. Phm vi iu chnh v i tng p dng
1. Vn bn ny quy nh v o to trnh thc s bao gm: Khoa, Vin, cc n
v o to sau i hc ca Trng; tuyn sinh; chng trnh o to; t chc o to,
thanh tra, kim tra, gii quyt khiu ni, t co v x l vi phm.
2. Vn bn ny p dng i vi cc n v qun l o to sau i hc, ging vin,
hc vin cao hc v c nhn tham gia o to thc s ti Trng i hc Cn Th.
iu 2. Mc tiu o to
o to trnh thc s gip hc vin nm vng l thuyt, c trnh cao v thc
hnh, c kh nng lm vic c lp, sng to v c nng lc pht hin, gii quyt nhng
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Chng II - GING VIN V HC VIN
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ngnh ng k o to trnh thc s v c t nht hai kha tt nghip.
2. V i ng ging vin, cn b khoa hc:
a) i ng ging vin, cn b khoa hc m nhn ging dy t nht 60% khi
lng chng trnh o to trnh thc s ca ngnh, chuyn ngnh ng k
o to;
b) C t nht 5 ging vin c hu c bng tin s thuc ngnh, chuyn ngnh ng
k o to, v ang tham gia o to trnh thc s, tin s (hoc ging dy,
hoc hng dn lun vn thc s, hoc tham gia Hi ng chm lun vn thc s,
lun n tin s). Mi ngi c t nht ba cng trnh khoa hc cng b trn cc
tp ch khoa hc chuyn ngnh trong nm nm tr li y, v ang tham gia
nghin cu ti khoa hc cc cp.
3. V c s vt cht:
a) C phng hc, phng th nghim, c s sn xut th nghim, phng my
tnh, mng Internet vi trang thit b cn thit, hin i, p ng yu cu ca
chng trnh o to;
b) Th vin c phng c, phng tra cu thng tin qua mng; c ngun thng tin t
liu, sch, tp ch xut bn trong v ngoi nc 10 nm tr li y.
4. V chng trnh v k hoch o to:
a) xy dng chng trnh o to trnh thc s cho ngnh, chuyn ngnh
ng k o to theo quy nh v c Hi ng khoa hc o to trng thng
qua;
b) d kin k hoch o to cho tng nm hc v kha hc.
iu 5. Ging vin
1. Ging vin o to trnh thc s l ngi lm nhim v ging dy cc hc
phn trong chng trnh o to trnh thc s hoc hng dn hc vin thc hnh,
thc tp, thc hin ti lun vn thc s.
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2. Ging vin phi c nhng tiu chun sau y:
a) Phm cht, o c, t tng tt; L lch bn thn r rng; sc khe
ging dy.
b) t trnh chun v o to:
- C bng tin s, tin s khoa hc hoc chc danh ph gio s, gio s i vi
ging vin ging dy cc hc phn, cc chuyn , hng dn lun vn thc s
v tham gia cc Hi ng chm lun vn thc s;
- C bng thc s i vi ging vin hng dn thc hnh, thc tp, ging dy
mn ngoi ng cho cc ngnh, chuyn ngnh khng chuyn ng.
iu 6. Nhim v v quyn ca ging vin
1. Nhim v ca ging vin:
a) Ging dy cc hc phn, cc chuyn , hng dn thc hnh, thc tp;
b) Hng dn lun vn thc s;
c) Tham gia cc Hi ng chm lun vn thc s;
d) Thng xuyn cp nht kin thc mi, ci tin phng php ging dy, nng
cao cht lng o to, thc hin t vn gip hc vin trong hc tp, nghin
cu;
) Gng mu thc hin ngha v cng dn, cc quy nh ca php lut v ni quy
ca trng. Trung thc, khch quan, cng bng trong ging dy, nghin cu
khoa hc, trong i x vi hc vin;
e) Cc nhim v khc theo quy nh ca php lut.
2. Quyn ca ging vin:
a) c ging dy theo ngnh, chuyn ngnh o to;
b) Ging vin c chc danh gio s hoc c bng tin s khoa hc c hng dn
ti a 5 hc vin trong cng thi gian; ging vin c chc danh ph gio s hay
bng tin s c hng dn ti a 3 hc vin (k c hc vin ca c s o to
khc) trong cng thi gian; Trong nhng trng hp c bit, Th trng
Khoa/Vin c th xut s lng ti a trnh Hiu trng ph duyt trc khi
thc hin;
c) c o to nng cao trnh , bi dng chuyn mn nghip v;
d) c hp ng thnh ging v nghin cu khoa hc vi iu kin bo m thc
hin y nhim v ni mnh cng tc;
) Cc quyn khc theo quy nh ca php lut.
iu 7. Nhim v v quyn ca hc vin
1. Nhim v ca hc vin:
a) Thc hin k hoch hc tp, chng trnh hc tp v nghin cu khoa hc trong
thi gian quy nh ca trng;
b) Trung thc trong hc tp, nghin cu khoa hc;
c) ng hc ph theo quy nh;
d) Tn trng nh gio, cn b qun l, nhn vin ca c s o to, khng dng bt
c p lc no i vi ging vin, cn b qun l, nhn vin c kt qu hc
tp, nghin cu khoa hc theo mun ch quan;
) Chp hnh php lut ca Nh nc, ni quy ca trng;
e) Thc hin cc nhim v khc theo quy nh ca php lut.
2. Quyn ca hc vin:
a) c c s o to cung cp y , chnh xc cc thng tin v hc tp ca
mnh;
b) c to iu kin s dng th vin, ti liu khoa hc, phng th nghim, cc
trang thit b v c s vt cht ca trng;
c) c tham gia hot ng ca cc on th, t chc x hi trong trng;
d) Cc quyn khc theo quy nh ca php lut.
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iu 8. Trch nhim ca cc cp qun l trong Trng
1. Trch nhim ca Trng:
a) Xy dng chng trnh o to, gio trnh, k hoch ging dy i vi cc
ngnh, chuyn ngnh c giao; lp h s ng k nhn nhim v o to
ngnh, chuyn ngnh mi i vi B Gio dc v o to khi c iu kin;
b) Xy dng k hoch, ch tiu tuyn sinh hng nm cho tng chuyn ngnh v bo
co B Gio dc v o to;
c) T chc tuyn sinh hng nm theo ch tiu xc nh. Quyt nh danh sch
hc vin trng tuyn, bo co cng tc tuyn sinh theo quy nh ca B Gio
dc v o to;
d) Quyt nh cng nhn tt nghip, quyt nh cp bng thc s, bo co nh k
v cng tc o to trnh thc s theo quy nh ca B Gio dc v o to.
Cp chng ch, bng thc s v bng im, qun l vic cp bng thc s theo
quy nh.
2. Trch nhim ca Khoa, Vin:
a) T chc v qun l qu trnh o to theo chng trnh o to c ph
duyt;
b) Qun l vic hc tp, vic thi v nghin cu ca hc vin;
c) Qun l kinh ph, khai thc, to ngun b sung, s dng v qun l cc ngun
lc khc trong o to trnh thc s theo quy nh;
c) Ch ng xut vi Trng trong hp tc o to trnh thc s vi cc c s
trong v ngoi nc;
d) Cng b n tng hc vin cc vn bn quy nh v o to trnh thc s,
chng trnh o to, gio trnh, k hoch ging dy;
) Tham gia kim nh cht lng.
Chng III - TUYN SINH
iu 9. Thi tuyn sinh
1. Thi tuyn sinh c t chc t 1 n 2 ln/nm, vo thng 2 v thng 8 hng
nm.
2. Cc mn thi tuyn gm: mn ngoi ng, mn c bn, mn c s ca ngnh,
chuyn ngnh o to.
a) Mn ngoi ng:
- Ngoi ng dng trong thi tuyn l ting Anh, theo dng thc TOEFL hoc
IELTS;
- Th sinh d thi o to trnh thc s ngnh ngoi ng ting Anh phi thi
ngoi ng khc (cng b c th trong thng bo tuyn sinh);
- Cc trng hp c min thi ngoi ng:
+ C bng tt nghip H chuyn ngnh ting Anh;
+ C bng tt nghip i hc trong hoc ngoi nc m ngn ng s dng trong
o to l ting Anh hoc khng qua phin dch;
+ C bng tt nghip i hc ngnh ngoi ng; hoc c bng tt nghip i hc
ti nc ngoi; hoc c bng tt nghip i hc trong nc m chng trnh
o to chuyn mn c ging dy bng ngoi ng, khng qua phin dch;
+ C chng ch ngoi ng ca cc c s o to ngoi ng c uy tn trong nc,
cc trung tm kho th ngoi ng quc t c thm quyn vi yu cu trnh
ting Anh TOEFL ITP 400, TOEFL iBT 32, IELTS 4.0 hoc TOEIC 400 tr
ln; C chng ch trnh B Anh vn (chng ch B Php vn hoc chng ch
DELS B1 nu thi chuyn ngnh Anh vn) ca Trung tm ngoi ng Trng
i hc Cn Th cp trong thi hn 2 nm k t ngy cp chng ch n ngy
d tuyn sinh o to trnh thc s.
3 345
b) Mn c bn, mn c s ca ngnh, chuyn ngnh o to (cng b c th
trong thng bo tuyn sinh).
iu 10. iu kin d thi
Ngi d thi tuyn sinh o to trnh thc s phi c cc iu kin sau y:
1. V vn bng:
a) tt nghip i hc ng ngnh hoc ph hp vi ngnh, chuyn ngnh ng
k d thi.
Ring i vi ngnh ngoi ng, nu ngi d thi ng k theo ngnh ngoi
ng ng vi bng tt nghip i hc theo hnh thc gio dc thng xuyn th
phi c thm bng tt nghip i hc h chnh quy mt ngnh ngoi ng khc;
b) Ngi c bng tt nghip i hc gn vi ngnh, chuyn ngnh d thi phi hc
b sung kin thc trc khi d thi.
Danh mc cc ngnh ph hp v cc ngnh gn c d thi o to trnh
thc s i vi tng ngnh, chuyn ngnh c Trng cng b trong thng
bo t chc cc lp b sung kin thc (mi hc k t chc mt ln).
2. V kinh nghim cng tc chuyn mn: Ngi c bng tt nghip i hc loi
kh tr ln thuc ngnh ng hoc ph hp vi ngnh, chuyn ngnh ng k d thi
c d thi ngay sau khi tt nghip. Nhng i tng cn li phi c t nht mt nm
kinh nghim lm vic trong lnh vc chuyn mn ph hp vi ngnh, chuyn ngnh
ng k d thi, k t ngy c quyt nh cng nhn tt nghip i hc n ngy np h
s d thi.
3. C sc kho hc tp.
4. Np h s y , ng thi hn theo quy nh.
iu 11. i tng v chnh sch u tin
1. i tng:
a) Ngi c thi gian cng tc hai nm lin tc tr ln (tnh n ngy np h s
ng k d thi) ti cc x thuc vng c iu kin kinh t x hi c bit kh
khn cc a phng thuc min ni, vng cao, vng su, hi o theo quy
nh ca Chnh ph;
b) Thng binh, bnh binh ngi c th chng nhn c hng chnh sch nh
thng binh;
c) Anh hng lc lng v trang, anh hng lao ng, ngi c cng vi cch
mng;
d) Ngi dn tc thiu s nhng vng c iu kin kinh t x hi c bit kh
khn.
2. Cc i tng u tin theo mc a khon 1 iu ny phi c quyt nh tip
nhn cng tc hoc bit phi cng tc ca cp c thm quyn.
3. Chnh sch u tin:
a) Ngi d thi thuc i tng u tin c cng mt im (thang im 10) cho
mn c bn;
b) Ngi thuc nhiu i tng u tin ch c hng ch u tin ca mt
i tng.
iu 12. Cc trng hp min thi tuyn sinh
1. i tng: Sinh vin tt nghip i hc h chnh quy loi gii tr ln.
2. iu kin: Sinh vin tt nghip i hc h chnh quy c min thi khi p ng
cc iu kin sau y:
a) Tt nghip i hc h chnh quy loi gii tr ln, ng ngnh, chuyn ngnh
d thi, c kt qu rn luyn cui kho xp t loi kh tr ln;
b) c khen thng cui kho hc v thnh tch hc tp hoc nghin cu khoa
hc (bng khen, giy khen) t cp trng tr ln;
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c) C chng ch ting Anh TOEFL ITP 450, iBT 45, IELTS 5.0 hoc TOEIC 450;
C chng ch C Php vn hoc chng ch DELS B1 nu thi chuyn ngnh Anh
vn;
d) Th sinh d thi o to trnh thc s ngnh ngoi ng ting Anh c mt trong
cc iu kin v ngoi ng: c bng tt nghip H chuyn ngnh ngoi ng
khc; chng ch C Php vn ca Trng i hc Cn Th cp hoc chng ch
DELS B1 trong thi hn 2 nm k t ngy cp chng ch;
d) Trong thi gian 12 thng k t ngy k quyt nh tt nghip n ngy np h
s xt chuyn tip sinh;
) S lng ngi c min thi tuyn sinh khng vt qu 20 % ch tiu o to
tng ngnh.
3. Vic xt min thi tuyn sinh c thc hin hng nm, trc k thi tuyn sinh t
nht mt thng. Hi ng tuyn sinh Trng t chc xt min thi v trnh Hiu trng
quyt nh danh sch min thi tng chuyn ngnh.
iu 13. ng k d thi
1. H s ng k d thi gm:
- n xin d tuyn (theo mu);
- Bng tt nghip i hc (2 bn sao, c cng chng);
- L lch c nhn (theo mu);
- Bn sao chng ch ngoi ng tng ng vi mc yu cu (nu thuc din min
thi ngoi ng);
- Giy xc nhn u tin (nu c);
- 03 phong b c dm tem ghi r a ch ca th sinh;
- Phiu dn nh (dn km 3 nh 3x4 mi nht, khng qu 3 thng).
2. H s ng k d thi np cho trng chm nht l 30 ngy trc ngy thi.
iu 14. iu kin trng tuyn
1. iu kin c xt tuyn: Th sinh phi t im 5 tr ln (theo thang im
10) cc mn thi c bn, c s. Mn ting Anh phi t 400 im i vi TOEFL hoc
4.0 im i vi IETS. Mn ngoi ng khc c qui nh ring cho tng k thi.
2. im trng tuyn c xc nh cn c theo ch tiu o to v tng im thi
hai mn c bn v c s (khng k mn ngoi ng) ca tng th sinh t cao tr xung
cho tng chuyn ngnh.
3. Trng hp c nhiu th sinh cng tng im cc mn thi th u tin xt tip
bng mc im cao hn ca mn c s sau n mn c bn v cui cng l mn ng
xc nh ngi trng tuyn.
Chng IV -CHNG TRNH O TO, T CHC O TO
iu 15. Chng trnh o to
1. Chng trnh o to trnh thc s th hin mc tiu o to, quy nh chun
kin thc, k nng, phng php, hnh thc o to, cch thc nh gi kt qu o to
i vi mi hc phn, mi mn hc o to trnh thc s.
Chng trnh o to trnh thc s m bo cho hc vin c b sung v nng
cao nhng kin thc hc trnh i hc; tng cng kin thc lin ngnh; c
nng lc thc hin cng tc chuyn mn v nghin cu khoa hc trong ngnh, chuyn
ngnh c o to. Trong nhng trng hp cn thit, phn kin thc trnh i
hc c nhc li nhng khng qu 5% thi lng quy nh cho mi mn hc.
2. Chng trnh o to c khi lng t 30-55 tn ch, trong lun vn thc s
chim t l 20% thi lng. Mt tn ch c quy nh bng 15 tit hc l thuyt; 30 -
45 tit thc hnh, th nghim hoc tho lun; 45 - 90 gi thc tp ti c s; 45 - 60 gi
vit tiu lun, bi tp ln hoc lun vn tt nghip.
i vi nhng hc phn l thuyt hoc thc hnh, th nghim, tip thu c
mt tn ch hc vin phi dnh t nht 30 gi chun b c nhn.
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3. Mt tit hc c tnh bng 50 pht.
4. Hc vin t hc ngoi ng m bo iu kin bo v lun vn quy nh ti
khon 5, iu 19 Quy nh ny.
iu 16. T chc o to
1. Hnh thc o to: tn ch.
2. Hc k: Mi nm hc c t chc thnh 3 hc k: 2 hc k chnh v 1 hc k
h.
3. u kho hc, hc vin phi xy dng k hoch hc tp ton kha theo s
hng dn ca cn b ph trch chuyn ngnh.
4. T chc lp hc: Hc vin phi d lp 100% s gi i vi cc hc phn thc
hnh, th nghim, thc tp ngoi trng. Phi tham d ti thiu 80% s gi i vi cc
hc phn l thuyt. Vo bui hc u tin, Ging vin thng bo cho hc vin bit ni
dung hc phn, phng php ging dy, hnh thc kim tra nh gi, cch tnh im.
Hc vin vng ln lp nhiu hn thi gian quy nh s b cm thi. Ging vin hc phn
ngh Khoa, Vin duyt danh sch cm thi trc khi t chc thi.
5. nh gi hc phn:
im nh gi hc phn l im trung bnh c trng s cc im hc phn. im
thnh phn bao gm cc thnh phn: im kim tra thng xuyn trong qu trnh hc
tp; im nh gi nhn thc v thi tham gia tho lun; im nh gi phn thc
hnh; im chuyn cn; im thi gia hc phn; im tiu lun v im thi kt thc hc
phn, trong im thi kt thc hc phn l bt buc cho mi trng hp v c trng
s khng di 50%. Ch t chc thi kt thc hc phn mt ln, nhng trng hp
khng tham gia thi kt thc hc phn th s b im F v phi hc li. Trng hp vng
thi kt thc hc phn vi l do chnh ng, hc vin c th lm n xin ging vin v
Khoa/Vin c d thi cng vi lp sau (khng phi ng hc ph hc li). Cc
im thnh phn khc c bo lu.
6. im hc phn, im trung bnh chung tch ly:
im hc phn s c cng b v ghi nhn theo h im ch A, B, C, D, F. Hc
phn ch c tch lu khi c kt qu t im C tr ln. Cc hc phn im D hoc F,
hc vin phi ng k hc li v np hc ph i vi cc hc phn ny. Cc im ch
c chuyn sang im s (thang im 4 theo bng di y) tnh im trung bnh
chung tch ly ton kho khi kt thc kho hc (TBCTL).
TBCTL l trung bnh c trng s ca im cc hc phn trong chng trnh o
to tch ly, k c lun vn tt nghip, c tnh theo cng thc:
k
M jx j
j=1
TBCTL = k
Mj
j=1
Trong k l s hc phn, j l th t hc phn (j = 1, ...., k), xj l im hc phn

th j. Mj l s n v hc trnh ca hc phn th j.
Cch quy i im c thc hin theo bng sau:
im ch im s
A 4,0
B 3,0
C 2,0
D 1,0
F 0,0
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7. Xp loi tt nghip
Xp loi tt nghip cn c vo TBCTL, c th nh sau:
- Loi Xut sc TBCTL t 3.60 n 4.00;
- Loi Gii TBCTL t 3.20 n 3.59;
- Loi Kh TBCTL t 2.50 n 3.19;
- Loi Trung bnh TBCTL t 2.00 n 2.49.
Xp loi tt nghip loi xut sc v loi gii s b gim mt mc nu c khi
lng ca cc hc phn b im D, F vt qu 5% tng s tn ch ca CTT.
iu 17. Quy nh v thi v kim tra
Hc vin c trch nhim chp hnh cc quy nh v thi v kim tra, c th nh
sau:
1. Thc hin ng lch kim tra v thi ca trng, ca khoa, ca b mn. Phi c
mt ng gi. Nu n tr 15 pht sau khi m hc vin s khng c d thi v xem
nh vng thi khng l do, s nhn im 0 ca ln thi/kim tra , hoc b im F cho
hc phn nu l ln thi kt thc hc phn.
2. Phi mang bng tn (hoc xut trnh giy t khc c nh, c ng du gip
lai) khi vo phng thi. Tuyt i phc tng s kim tra, qun l v hng dn ca cn
b coi thi (CBCT). Ti xch, ti liu, phng tin k thut thu, pht, truyn tin, ghi
m... phi tp trung ng ni quy nh.
3. Khng c ra khi phng thi trong thi gian lm bi. Cc trng hp c bit
cn cho ra ngoi u phi lp bin bn.
4. Bi thi phi vit r rng, sch s; Khng c s dng hai mu mc khi lm
bi; giy nhp c ch k ca CBCT. Ti liu hoc phng tin tnh ton c php s
dng trong phng thi do ging vin quy nh.
5. Trong gi thi hc vin phi im lng, nghim tc lm bi v bo v bi lm ca
mnh, khng ngi khc chp bi ca mnh. Nu c thc mc phi hi cng khai.
Nu m au bt thng phi bo co CBCT gii quyt.
6. Nhng bi thi sau y l khng hp l v khng c chm im:
- Lm bi trn giy thi khc vi giy thi quy nh (nu c qui nh);
- Khng c ch k ca CBCT;
- Vit bng bt ch, mc (hnh v c th dng bt ch);
- Cc bi lm ging nhau;
- V by, vit by trong bi thi;
7. Ht gi lm bi, hc vin phi ngng vit, bi lm trc mt v im lng ch
CBCT thu bi. Khi np bi phi ghi r s t giy thi np v k tn vo danh sch d
thi.
Hc vin vi phm cc quy nh trn y s b CBCT lp bin bn. Ty theo mc
nng nh x l k lut theo quy nh ti mc 8 ca iu ny.
8. Cc hnh thc x l hc vin vi phm quy nh v thi v kim tra.
8.1. Khin trch: Hc vin phm 1 trong cc li: nhn bi; trao i, tho lun vi
ngi khc. Hc vin b khin trch s b tr 25% im s ca ln thi/kim tra . Hc
vin b khin trch thi 2 ln trong mt nm hc s b k lut cnh co ton khoa.
8.2 Cnh co: Hc vin phm 1 trong cc li sau:
- b khin trch mt ln nhng vn tip tc vi phm trong mt bui thi;
- Trao i giy nhp cho nhau nhng cha s dng (x l c 2 hc vin);
- Chp bi ca ngi khc hoc cho ngi khc chp bi ca mnh;
- Khng phc tng s qun l, nhc nh ca CBCT hoc c thi v l i vi
CBCT.
Hc vin b cnh co s b tr 50% im s ca ln thi/kim tra . Hc vin b
cnh co thi 2 ln trong mt nm hc s b k lut cnh co ton Trng.
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8.3. nh ch thi: hc vin phm mt trong cc li sau:
- b cnh co mt ln nhng vn tip tc vi phm trong mt bui thi;
- Sau khi m thi b pht hin vn cn mang theo ngi (hoc ni ngi ca
mnh) nhng vt dng khng c php mang theo;
- S dng giy nhp hoc bi lm ca ngi khc (x l c 2 hc vin);
- a thi ra ngoi nh ngi khc lm h hoc nhn bi gii t ngoi vo
phng thi;
- C hnh ng gy ri hoc e da CBCT hoc hc vin khc.
Hc vin b nh ch thi b nhn im 0 cho ln kim tra/thi . Nu l k thi kt
thc hc phn th b im F ca hc phn . Hc vin b nh ch thi 2 ln trong mt
nm hc s b nh ch hc tp 1 nm sau . Nu ti phm s b buc thi hc.
8.4. X l thi h: p dng cho c ngi thi h v ngi nh thi h:
- Vi phm ln th nht:
+ Ngi nh thi h: nhn im F hc phn , nh ch hc tp 1 nm;
+ Ngi thi h: nh ch hc tp 1 nm.
- Vi phm ln th hai (trong c kha hc): buc thi hc.
Cc trng hp vi phm khc ty mc nng nh s do Hi ng k lut ca
Trng x l.
iu 18. Thng bo kt qu hc tp
1. im kim tra trong qu trnh ging dy, Ging vin thng bo ti lp. im
hc phn c khoa qun l hc phn thng bo v gi cho Phng o to 1 bn chnh,
chm nht 10 ngy sau ngy thi ca hc phn. Khoa qun l hc phn x l tt c khiu
ni lin quan n kt qu hc tp ca hc phn do khoa mnh qun l v ch thc hin
trong thi gian 1 tun k t ngy cng b im.
2. Kt thc kho hc, Phng o to cp bng im ton kha cho hc vin c
cng nhn tt nghip.
iu 19. Lun vn thc s
1. Trc khi thc hin ti lun vn, khoa/vin phn cng ngi hng dn, hc
vin vit cng nghin cu theo s gip ca ngi hng dn. Khoa/vin t chc
hi ng xt duyt cng cho hc vin. Hi ng duyt cng lun vn thc s c
5 thnh vin, gm: 1 ch tch, 1 th k v 3 u vin. Hi ng xt duyt cng chu
trch nhim xt duyt nhiu hc vin ca chuyn ngnh. Kt qu xt duyt cng
bao gm mt trong hai mc: t hoc khng t. Cc cng khng t phi lm li
v bo v li. Cn c vo cng nghin cu c thng qua, Hiu trng ra
quyt nh giao ti lun vn v ngi hng dn. Mi lun vn thc s c ti a 2
ngi hng dn. Trng hp c 2 ngi hng dn, trong quyt nh s ghi r ngi
hng dn chnh v ngi hng dn ph.
2. Kt qu nghin cu trong lun vn phi l kt qu lao ng ca chnh tc gi,
cha c cng b trong bt c mt cng trnh nghin cu no.
3. Ni dung lun vn phi th hin c cc kin thc v l thuyt v thc hnh
trong lnh vc chuyn mn, phng php gii quyt vn t ra. Cc kt qu ca
lun vn phi chng t tc gi bit vn dng phng php nghin cu v nhng kin
thc c trang b trong qu trnh hc tp x l ti.
4. Nhng thay i trong qu trnh lm lun vn: khi nhn c quyt nh phn
giao ti lun vn thc s, hc vin thc hin ti theo quy nh. Trng hp trong
lc lm lun vn nu khng th tip tc thc hin, hc vin c th xin khoa/vin thay
i ti hoc thay i ngi hng dn. Thi gian thc hin ti t nht l 6 thng.
Trng hp phi thay i ti, hc vin phi t tc chi ph hi ng bo v cng.
5. Hc vin ch c bo v lun vn khi c cc iu kin sau y:
a) t yu cu v trnh ting Anh vi mt trong cc chng ch, vn bng sau:
8 350
- t trnh TOEFL ITP 450, TOEFL iBT 45, IELTS 4.5, TOEIC 450 tr ln
trong thi hn 2 nm k t ngy cp chng ch;
- C bng tt nghip i hc ngnh ting Anh, bng tt nghip i hc ti nc
ngoi m ngn ng s dng trong ging dy l ting Anh, bng tt nghip i
hc trong nc m ngn ng s dng trong ging dy chuyn mn l ting
Anh khng qua phin dch;
- i vi hc vin chuyn ngnh ting Anh, c chng ch C Php vn do Trung
tm Ngoi ng Trng i hc Cn Th cp hoc chng ch DELS B1 trong
thi hn 2 nm k t ngy cp chng ch.
b) hc xong v t yu cu cc mn hc trong chng trnh o to;
c) c s ng cho bo v ca ngi hng dn;
d) Khng ang trong thi gian chu k lut t hnh thc cnh co tr ln hoc
ang trong thi gian b truy cu trch nhim hnh s;
) Khng b khiu ni, t co v ni dung khoa hc trong lun vn.
iu 20. nh gi lun vn thc s
1. Lun vn c nh gi cng khai ti Hi ng chm lun vn thc s. Hi
ng do Hiu trng ra quyt nh thnh lp, gm c 5 thnh vin: 1 ch tch, 1 th k,
2 phn bin v 1 u vin, trong c t nht 2 thnh vin ngoi trng. Mi thnh
vin Hi ng ch c m nhn mt chc trch trong Hi ng. Ngi hng dn
khoa hc khng l thnh vin Hi ng, nhng c mi tham d bui bo v v c
nhn xt qu trnh lm vic ca hc vin.
2. Tiu chun ca thnh vin Hi ng:
a) Cc thnh vin hi ng l ngi khng c quan h cha, m, v, chng, con,
anh ch em rut, khng l cp di hoc cp trn trc tip ca ngi bo v
lun vn;
b) Cc thnh vin Hi ng phi c bng tin s, hoc tin s khoa hc, hoc chc
danh gio s, hoc ph gio s chuyn ngnh ph hp, am hiu nhng vn
c lin quan n ti lun vn;
c) Ch tch Hi ng phi l ngi c nng lc v uy tn chuyn mn, c kinh
nghim trong t chc iu hnh cng vic ca Hi ng;
d) Ngi phn bin phi l ngi am hiu ti lun vn. Ngi phn bin khng
c l ng tc gi vi ngi bo v trong cc cng trnh cng b c lin
quan n ti lun vn (nu c).
4. Cc thnh vin hi ng phi chu trch nhim trc php lut v tnh trung
thc ca cc nhn xt, nh gi ca mnh v lun vn.
5. Khng tin hnh bo v lun vn khi xy ra mt trong cc trng hp sau:
a) Khi hc vin lc bo v khng sc kho;
b) Vng mt Ch tch hi ng hoc Th k Hi ng;
c) Vng mt phn bin c kin khng tn thnh lun vn;
d) Vng mt t hai thnh vin hi ng tr ln.
6. T chc nh gi lun vn:
a) im chm lun vn ca tng thnh vin theo thang im 10, l n 0,5 im.
im lun vn l trung bnh cng im ca cc thnh vin Hi ng chm lun
vn c mt v ly n 1 s l, sau quy v thang im A, B, C, D, F theo
mc nh sau: A (8,5 - 10), B (7,0 - 8,4), C (5,5 - 6,9), D (4,0 - 5,4), F (di
4,0);
b) Lun vn t yu cu khi c im t C tr ln;
c) Lun vn tt nghip c t chc nh gi theo kha hc v theo ngnh,
chuyn ngnh.
9 351
7. Hc vin bo v lun vn khng t yu cu c sa cha bo v ln th
hai. Lch bo v ln th hai ca kho hc phi c n nh sau ngy cui cng ca k
bo v ln th nht t bn n su thng hoc cho php bo v lun vn vi kho k
tip. Khng t chc bo v lun vn ln th ba.
iu 21. Nhng thay i trong qu trnh o to
1. Ngh hc tm thi: Hc vin vit n gi Hiu trng (thng qua khoa/vin v
Phng o to) xin ngh hc tm thi v bo lu kt qu hc trong cc trng hp
sau y:
a) c iu ng vo lc lng v trang;
b) B m au hoc tai nn phi iu tr thi gian di, c giy xc nhn ca c
quan y t;
c) V nhu cu c nhn. Trng hp ny hc vin phi hc t nht mt hc k.
Hc vin ngh hc tm thi, khi mun tr li hc tip ti Trng, phi vit n xin
hc li t nht mt tun trc khi bt u hc k mi.
2. Chuyn c s o to:
a) Hc vin c php chuyn c s o to khi c cc iu kin sau y:
- Trong thi gian hc tp, nu gia nh chuyn ni c tr hoc hc vin c hon
cnh kh khn, cn thit phi chuyn n c s o to gn ni c tr thun
li trong hc tp;
- Xin chuyn n c s o to c cng ngnh, chuyn ngnh o to;
- c s ng ca Hiu trng (th trng) ni xin chuyn i v ni xin
chuyn n;
- Khng thuc mt trong cc trng hp khng c php chuyn c s o to
quy nh ti im b khon ny.
b) Hc vin khng c php chuyn c s o to khi:
- ang hc hc k cui kha;
- ang trong thi gian b k lut t cnh co tr ln.
c) Th tc chuyn c s o to: Hc vin phi lm h s xin chuyn c s o
to theo quy nh ca c s o to ni i v ni n. Th trng ni chuyn n ra
quyt nh tip nhn hc vin, quyt nh cng nhn hc phn hc vin hc.
3. Gia hn hc tp: Trong nhng trng hp c bit vi nhng l do bt kh
khng, hc vin c th xin gia hn hc tp (ti a 1 nm); hoc xin bo v lun vn vo
k bo v li hoc cng vi kha sau. Trng hp ny hc vin phi t tc kinh ph hc
tp, nghin cu v kinh ph t chc bo v lun vn thc s.
4. X l hc vin qu hn thi gian o to: Trng s ra quyt nh xa tn
nhng hc vin khng iu kin tt nghip khi ht thi gian ti a c php hc (3
nm), hc vin khng tt nghip s c cp bng im, chng nhn cc hc phn
hc.
iu 22. iu kin tt nghip, cp bng thc s, cp bng im
1. iu kin tt nghip:
- C iu kin quy nh ti khon 5 iu 19;
- Bo v lun vn t yu cu.
2. Bng tt nghip thc s:
Kt thc kha hc, Hiu Trng ra quyt nh cp bng thc s v bng im cho
hc vin iu kin tt nghip v bo co B Gio dc v o to.
H s cp bng thc s gm:
a) Bn sao bng tt nghip i hc;
b) Giy chng nhn trnh ngoi ng (khon 5 iu 19 quy nh ny);
c) Bng im hc tp ton kha;
d) L lch khoa hc ca hc vin;
10 352
) H s bo v lun vn gm: lun vn, bin bn ca Hi ng chm lun vn,
nhn xt ca cc phn bin, bng nhn xt ca ngi hng dn khoa hc, bin bn
kim phiu v cc phiu chm im;
3. Hc vin iu kin tt nghip c nhn bng im ton kha v 4 bn sao,
bng tt nghip thc s v 4 bn sao. Hc vin phi np chi ph bn sao do Trng quy
nh. Trng t chc l trao bng tt nghip mt ln trong nm. Trong khi ch nhn
bng, nu c yu cu, hc vin s c cp giy chng nhn tt nghip trong vng mt
tun sau khi hon thnh h s tt nghip.
4. Qun l bng tt nghip thc s: Bng tt nghip thc s ch cp mt ln. Trng
hp bng b mt hoc b hng, hc vin c th np n xin cp bn sao bng tt nghip
c xc nhn ca Trng.
Chng V - THANH TRA, KIM TRA, GII QUYT KHIU NI,
T CO V X L VI PHM
iu 23. Thanh tra, kim tra
Trng thc hin thanh tra, kim tra cng tc tuyn sinh; qu trnh o to; cp
bng.
iu 24. Khiu ni, t co
Cc c quan, t chc, c nhn c quyn khiu ni, t co v hot ng vi phm
quy ch ca c s o to, v gian ln ca hc vin, v sai phm trong thc hin
chng trnh o to, v qu trnh t chc v qun l o to. Vic gii quyt khiu ni
t co c thc hin theo quy nh ca Lut khiu ni, t co.
iu 25. X l vi phm
1. X l cn b vi phm quy ch trong tuyn sinh: Ngi tham gia cng tc tuyn
sinh c hnh vi vi phm quy ch (b pht hin trong khi lm nhim v hoc sau khi thi
tuyn sinh), nu c chng c, tu theo mc vi phm s b x l k lut theo Qui
ch tuyn sinh i hc, cao ng h chnh qui ban hnh hng nm.
2. X l th sinh vi phm quy ch trong tuyn sinh: Th sinh c hnh vi vi phm
quy ch (b pht hin trong hoc sau k tuyn sinh), nu c chng c, tu theo mc
vi phm s b x l k lut theo Quy ch tuyn sinh i hc, cao ng h chnh qui
ban hnh hng nm.
3. X l vi phm trong chm thi tuyn sinh:
a) Ban Th k, Ban Chm thi c trch nhim pht hin v bo co Trng ban
Chm thi nhng bi thi c biu hin vi phm quy ch cn x l, k c cc
trng hp khng c bin bn ca Ban Coi thi;
b) Sau khi Trng ban Chm thi xem xt v kt lun v cc trng hp vi phm
th x l theo quy nh ca Quy ch tuyn sinh i hc, cao ng h chnh qui
ban hnh hng nm.
4. X l hc vin vi phm cc quy nh v thi, kim tra hc phn, lm lun vn
thc hin theo iu 17, Quy nh ny.
5. X l vi phm trong t chc, qun l o to:
C nhn hoc t chc vi phm Quy ch, tu theo tnh cht, mc vi phm m b
x l k lut, x pht hnh chnh hoc truy cu trch nhim hnh s, nu hnh vi vi
phm gy thit hi th phi bi thng theo quy nh ca php lut.
iu 26. T chc thc hin
Quy nh ny p dng i vi hc vin tuyn sinh t nm 2009 tr i.
HIU TRNG
11 353

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B GIO DC V O TO

4.2.2 IU KIN TT NGHIP ......................................................................62

1.1 GII THIU V TRNG I HC CN TH

1.2 NHU CU NGU N NHN LC TR NH THC S K THUT HA HC

Cc ngnh, chuyn ngnh ang o to sau i hc gm:

6. Nui trng thy sn 29. Vt l l thuyt v vt l ton

7. Qun l v bo v ngun li thy sn 30. Vt l k thut

8. Qun l t ai 31. Lut kinh t

Mt trong nhng th mnh v nhn lc ca Trng HCT hin nay l c mt

1.4 GII THIU V KHOA CNG NGH

1.5 L DO NGH CHO PHP M NG NH O TO TR NH THC S K

o to thc s ngnh K thut ha hc ti HCT khng ch gp phn to ra

Hin nay, lc lng cn b c hu v c s vt cht ca trng, nht l ca

2.1 CN C NGH M NGNH

Chng trnh o to thc s ngnh K thut ha hc nhm trang b v gip hc

2.4 I TNG TUYN SINH

i tng tuyn sinh

Thi im t chc thi tuyn:

Thi tuyn sinh c t chc 2 ln/nm, vo thng 2 v thng 8 hng nm. ng

Cc ngnh ng v ph hp bao gm:

Cc ngnh gn bao gm:

2.5 D KIN QUY M TUYN SINH

3.1 CC QUYT NH V VIC CHO PHP O TO TR NH I HC C A

T nm 1999, B GD&T cho php trng i hc Cn Th o to cng ngh

3.2 I NG GING VIN C HU TH M GI O TO

Lc lng cn b tham gia ging dy thc s ngnh K thut thut ha hc l 20

TT H v Tn, Hc Hc v, Chuyn Tham gia o Thnh tch

2 on Vn Tin s, K thut 1 ti, 5 tp

6 Nguyn Th Tin s, Cng

7 Trng B Ti, Tin s, Ha hc 30 tp ch

8 Nguyn Vn Tin s, K thut 5 ti, 1

11 Nguyn Tr Tin s, Vt liu i hc Cn 4 ti, 14 tp

13 Nguyn Ch Tin s, K thut 2009, H Nng 6 ti, 2 gio

18 L Duy Sn, Tin s, Trit hc 2004, H Cn 1 ti

19 inh Ngc Tin s, Trit hc 2004, H Cn 4 gio trnh

20 Nguyn Vn PGS, Tin s, Cng 2003, i hc 11 ti, 6

Bng 3-2 Thit b phc v o to thc s ngnh K thut Ha hc:

TT Tn gi ca my, thit b, k Nc sn xut, SL Tn HP s

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