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CHNG II
NG HA HC CA PHN NG N GIN
I. PHN NG N
1. Phn ng bc 1
2. Phn ng bc hai
3. Phn ng bc ba
4. Phn ng bc n
5. Phn ng bc khng
2. Xc nh bc phn ng
CHNG II
NG HA HC CA PHN NG N GIN
I. PHN NG N GIN
Phn ng n gin l phn ng mt chiu m bin ha ca n ch c mt giai on duy nht, i trc tip
t cht u n cht cui.
V nguyn tc cc phn ng ha hc din ra theo hai chiu ngc nhau, gi l phn ng thun nghch.
iu kin xc nh mt chiu no ca phn ng tri hn hn chiu kia, th phn ng c coi l
phn ng mt chiu.
Khi phn ng din ra, nu c t nht mt trong cc cht phn ng (cht u) phn ng n ht, phn ng
nh th gi l phn ng hon ton.
Ta s kho st mt s phn ng bc 1, 2, 3.
1 Phn ng bc 1 TOP
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CHUONG II https://websrv1.ctu.edu.vn/coursewares/supham/donghoahoc/ch2.htm#III
2 of 19 25-Nov-16 1:26 PM
CHUONG II https://websrv1.ctu.edu.vn/coursewares/supham/donghoahoc/ch2.htm#III
Hnh 2.1: S thay i nng cht phn ng theo thi gian trong phn ng n gin
Trong qu trnh phn ng nng cht phn ng A gim, lng bin ha ca n chnh l lng sn phm
to thnh tng.
c. Th nguyn ca hng s tc
e. p dng cc qui
lut ng hc ca
phn ng bc 1 cho
qu trnh phng x:
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CHUONG II https://websrv1.ctu.edu.vn/coursewares/supham/donghoahoc/ch2.htm#III
2.1 Trng hp 1 (a = b)
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CHUONG II https://websrv1.ctu.edu.vn/coursewares/supham/donghoahoc/ch2.htm#III
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CHUONG II https://websrv1.ctu.edu.vn/coursewares/supham/donghoahoc/ch2.htm#III
Hnh v cho ta thy thi gian tng qut din ra phn ng bc 2 lu hn phn ng bc 1, cng tng t
nh th, phn ng bc 3 li lu hn phn ng bc 2. Bi v cng v sau th phn ng bc 2 cng chm hn
phn ng bc 1.
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CHUONG II https://websrv1.ctu.edu.vn/coursewares/supham/donghoahoc/ch2.htm#III
c. Thi gian bn hy
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CHUONG II https://websrv1.ctu.edu.vn/coursewares/supham/donghoahoc/ch2.htm#III
3 Phn ng bc ba TOP
3.1 Trng hp I
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CHUONG II https://websrv1.ctu.edu.vn/coursewares/supham/donghoahoc/ch2.htm#III
3.2 Trng hp II
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CHUONG II https://websrv1.ctu.edu.vn/coursewares/supham/donghoahoc/ch2.htm#III
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CHUONG II https://websrv1.ctu.edu.vn/coursewares/supham/donghoahoc/ch2.htm#III
Tm li, ta c th s dng phng php dng nng ca mt cht ny ln hn nng ca cht kia
lm gim bc ca phn ng. Trng hp ny gp trong thc t i vi phn ng thy phn, gim t phn
ng bc hai xung bc mt.
c. Th nguyn ca k
4 Phn ng bc n TOP
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CHUONG II https://websrv1.ctu.edu.vn/coursewares/supham/donghoahoc/ch2.htm#III
a. V d v phn ng bc khng:
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CHUONG II https://websrv1.ctu.edu.vn/coursewares/supham/donghoahoc/ch2.htm#III
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CHUONG II https://websrv1.ctu.edu.vn/coursewares/supham/donghoahoc/ch2.htm#III
tm phng trnh tc , ngi ta s dng phng php qui c xc nh s bin thin nng ca
mt cht hoc mt s cht tham gia phn ng theo thi gian. Trn c s c th xc nh c tc
phn ng.
2 Xc nh bc phn ng TOP
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CHUONG II https://websrv1.ctu.edu.vn/coursewares/supham/donghoahoc/ch2.htm#III
- Xc nh bc ca phn ng.
- Xc nh hng s tc phn ng
Nguyn tc: Xc nh bin thin nng ca cht no thi im khc nhau, ri ly gi tr thc
nghim thu c th vo cc dng phng trnh ca phn ng bc 0, 1, 2, 3... xem phng trnh no c
gi tr hng s tc khng thay i, th bc phn ng vi phng trnh . Trng hp khng tm thy
mt phng trnh cho gi tr k khng i, th phn ng nghin cu l phn ng phc tp, tm cch thch
hp xc nh.
2,20
Nhn vo bng s liu ta thy, ng vi trng hp phng trnh phn ng bc 2, cho tr s k khng i
(ct 6 trong bng), do bc ca phn ng kho st trn l bc 2.
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CHUONG II https://websrv1.ctu.edu.vn/coursewares/supham/donghoahoc/ch2.htm#III
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CHUONG II https://websrv1.ctu.edu.vn/coursewares/supham/donghoahoc/ch2.htm#III
Phng php ny mang tn phng php Van't Hoff. p dng phng php Van't Hoff vo vic nghin
cu cht A no thu c cc s liu thc nghim sau:
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CHUONG II https://websrv1.ctu.edu.vn/coursewares/supham/donghoahoc/ch2.htm#III
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CHUONG II https://websrv1.ctu.edu.vn/coursewares/supham/donghoahoc/ch2.htm#III
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