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khung cia vat x6p tinh cho mot don vi thé tich cia bd khung dé. Khéi luong riéng biéu kién dy, g/cm’ 1A khéi lugng cila vat xép tinh cho mot don vi thé tich ca vat x6p. Nhu vay 1/dyy [a thé tich chiém bai 1 gam cita vat xép, bao gém thé tich ciia bo khung ran to ra 16 x6p va thé tich cia ban than cc 16 x6p, con I/dy, la thé tich cia bO khung ran, cho nén thé tich cita céc 16 x6p, tinh cho 1 gam chat hap phy xp sé 1a: (62.14) Dé xép € dugc dink nghia la ti sé giita thé tick cita cdc 15 xdp V, wen thé tich cha vat xOp (Udy) + (62.15) BE mat riéng S, m°/g cia chat hap phy x6p thudng duge xéc dinh bing phuong phdp BET khi hap phu nito hoac agon. Can Luu ¥ ring bé mat riéng chi cé gid tri thuc d6i véi chat hap phy x6p chia cdc mao quan {6n va trung binh, cdn d6i véi cdc vi mao quan thi n6 chi c6 gid tri hinh thic. Ban kink 1d. Vé kich thuéc mao quan, d0i véi céc hé don phan tin ngudi ta ding khdi nigm ban kink wrung bink, d0i v6i hé da phan tn ngudi ta ding khdi nigm ban kink turomg duong duge xéc Néu hé mao quan 14 don phan tén va gid thiét c6 dang hin try c6 bén kinh trung binh 7 thi thé Uich cdc mao quan Ia V, = 2771 va dign tich bé mat S = 2avil. (1 1a chiéu dai cia tat cd cic mao quan). Vi vay bén kinh trung binh c6 thé tinh theo biéu thifc : av, r (62.16) 197Néu cau triic x6p la khe hé giita cic ban mong xép chéng lén nhau thi bé rong trung hinh b cita céc khe hé cng dugc tinh theo biéu thite tong ty : 2Vv, s Doi vai hé da phan tan, kich thude cdc mao quan thay déi trong pham vi khd réng. Trong trudng hop nay ngudi ta thudng xéc dinh dudng cong phan b6 thé tich xdp theo ban kinh tong duong, tic ban kinh higu dung, khi gid thiét céc mao quan déu c6 dang hinh try. b (62.17) Phuong phap Kelvin. D6i véi hé mao quan trung gian (bé mao quan bi Ip diy khi ngung ty mao quan) ngudi ta thudng dua vio dudng ding nhiét gidi hép dé thiet lap dudng cong phn bé. Vige sit durig dudng gidi hp thugn tign hon dudng hap phu, vi khi gidi hap chi c6 mat khum hinh céu dugc hinh thinh. Méi diém cia dung ddng nhiét cho gid tri cia Iugng hap phy x, ting véi dp suat tuong d6i p;/p,. Nhan x; véi thé tich mol ciia chat long ta duge thé tich mao quin v; dugc lp day béi chat lang. Mat khéc, dya vio phuong trinh Kelvin (62.9) khi cho cos@ = 1 ta ¢6 thé tinh duge ban kinh 7%, ‘ing véi dp suat twong 460i p,/p,- ___20¥ RT inp; / Po) fe = (62.18) Oday 1; 18 bin kinh trong cia mat khum hinh tru, néu cOng them chiéu day ¢, cha mang chatling 6 ap suat p,, ta sé duge ban kinh cia mao quan 1, ;. toy +, duge goi 1a bén kinh tong duong. Quan hé gidta yr, va 1 duge biéu dién wen hinh 62.6. =hith (62.19) Dai lugng 4; ¢6 thé tinh duge néu biét dai Iuong hip phy x} ciia chat dé & Ap sudt P, trén bé mat S' cia chat hép phy khong x6p c6 cing ban chat : i oat (62.20) (V ~ thé tich mot cia chét long). Néu dung 46 thi v, phy thude 1, ta nhan duge dutmg cong céu tic, tit dé bing phuong phdp vi phan dé thj ta c6 thé xay dung dugc, duing cong phan bé (Av, /Ar, phu thude r,) thé hién su phan b6 thé tich x6p theo ban kinh tuong duong. Hinh 62.6, Mao quan bink try ©6 bin Dé minh hoa, trén hinh 62.7 trinh bay céc dudng Kinh Kelvin m va bin kiah thye r,. dang nhiét hap phu va gidi hap nito & -195°C tren 198nhom oxit va dudng phan bo thé tich theo ban kinh tuong duong. Trong vi du nay ta thay, hé mao quan trong nhom oxit 1a khd déng nbat va bén kinh tuong duong ¢6 x4c sudt Ién nhat la vio khoang 20A. Phuong phép Kelvin via khdo sdt cho phép xéc dinh su phan b6 16 céc mao quan trung gian theo ban kinh tong duong trong khodng 15 - 150A. Dé xac dinh dO x6p ciia cde chat hap phy x6p c6 ban kinh tuong duong Ién hon 150 - 200A, 02 04 0.6 08 pp 1.0 rgudi ta thu’ng ding phuong phdp nén thuy ngan vae céc 168 21 26 36 53 103 mao quin (phuong phdp xdp THA ké thuy ngan). Hinh 62.7, Su hap phu Nz &—195°C, tren Al,O3 ; ee a) durong ding nhiet : 0 — hp phy, « ~ gidi hap, Phuong phip xdp ké thus ») dug cong phan b6 16 theo kich thuée. ngdn. Thuy ngan 1a chat long khong thdm uét bé mat, géc thm udt @ > 90° (cos < £), vi vay thuy ngan chi cé thé chui vao céc mao quan khi bj nén, mao quan cang bé thi 4p sudt nén cing Ién. Quan hé gitta 4p suat nén va ban kinh mao quan dé dang tim duge nhu sau : Xuéit phat tir phuong trinh (62.3), néu gid thiét mao quan Ja hinh try va mat khum Ta hinh cdu (= 7 =7), ta s8 06 : 2acosp r AP = Fesnao qui) ~ Petey = (62.21) Ap suat trong mao quan rat bé so véi Ap suat nén trén thuy ngan, vi vay c6 thé viet : 2ocosp Rug =-— (Hg) r _ 260089 P D6i voi Hg ngudi ta chap nhan cde gid tri o = 480 din/cm (site cang bé mat 6 25°C), @ = 140° (g6c tham ust), Néu chuyén don vi 4p suat tir din/em” sang atm Ki thuat (1 atm Ki thuat = 0,980655.10° din/cm?), thi hé thifc (62.22) c6 thé viet dudi dang : Ay = 25000, (62.23) atm) hoc : (62.22) 199Phuong phap nén thu ngan o dp sust thap (P < 1 atm) cho phép xéc dinh kich thude cdc 16 én (7 > Sy). Déi v6i cde 18 bé (r < 5p) thuy ngan cfn dude nén 6 4p sust cao. Vi du ting véi P = 306 atm, r = 243 A. Mot nhuge diém cita phuong phap nén thuy ngan 1a d ép suat cao bin than cu tric xp ciia chat hap phy cé thé bi thay déi hay bi pha va. D6i vdi cdc he vi mao quan ngudi ta khong dat van dé xéc dinh sy phan b6 thé tich theo kich thuée mao quan vi khéng ¢6 phuong phép thich hgp. 4. Su hap phy trong cac vi mao quan. Li thuyét Polanyi — Dubinin Trong cdc mao quan nhd, do cde su chéng chit thé nang cla lye khuéch tan cha cdc thanh déi dién nén luc hap phu tang lén ding ké, O day sy hép phy xay ra manh hon, néng dQ chat bi hap phu cao hon so véi trén bé mat & trong cic mao quan Ién — Vi vay trong trang hop nay, kh6 c6 thé néi vé sy hinh thanh mot Iép don phan tit hoan chinh teén bé mat nhu trong truéng hgp su h4p phu xay ra trén bé mat khong x6p. Viéc str dung cde phuong trinh Langmuir va BET 6 day gap kho khan. Néu vé mat hinh thite cdc dudng ding nhigt hap phu c6 thé mé ta bai cc phuong trinh nay, thi dai lugng a, day mat ¥ nghia vé dung tich cia l6p hap phy don phan tir va khong thé ding dai lung nay dé suy ra dign tich bé mat. Do si tang lén cia thé hap phu trong cac mao quin nhd ma chting bj lap day bai chat bi hap phu ngay 6 nhang dp suat thap. Tren co sé nay Polanyi dé ra thuyét thé nang vé hap phy véi gid thiét ring toan bO chat bj hap phy ten bé mat la & trang théi léng. Déi vi chat hap phu x6p, sy hap phy bat dau xay ra 6 nhiing ché 6 thé hap phu cao nhat, nghfa 1a & phan mao quan hep nhat nhung chwa bi can urd vé mat khong gian. Khi tang 4p sual, dai lugng hap phy ting len, chat iéng tiép tuc lap day nhiing mao quan rong hon. Nhu vay, thé hap phy 1a mot ham cia thé tich long cia chat bj hip phy va cé thé xde dinh duge bing thyc nghiém. Thé tich @ ciia chat bi hap phy & thé lang bing tich cla dai hung bap phy x va thé tich mol cita chat long : o=x,, (62.24) Trong thuyeét Polanyi, thé hap phy € duge xdc dinh nhu sau : Goi p la 4p suat hoi cia chat bi hap phu khi 6 xa bé mat, p,1& dp suat hoi bao ho’ ciia chat long bi hip phy tren bé mat. Thé hap phy duoc dinh nghia 1A cong chuyén hoi tit ap sudt p, dén p, tue cong chong lai luc hap phu, nghia Ia e= AT InP (62.25) P Vi € va @ déu 1a ham cia p/p,, do dé o6 thé bigu dién ¢ qua w. Dudng biéu dién £ = € (9) duge goi la dung cong dac trung. Nhw ta thay ti hinh 62.8 dudng cong dac 200trung khong phy thudc vao nhiét do. Diéu dé 06 nghia IA img véi 2 nhigt do khéc nhau T, va Ty ta déu c6 mor gid i cia w va cia e twong ting : = 1% my = 82% ng (62.26) va © = RT Int = ry, in 202 (62.27) PA Pr Hai hé thc nay cho phép 259 tinh duge x, va py &nhiét do T, 20 eK) 20%) : Khi biét x & dp suat py, nhier £000] 4g 7. Nhu vay néu biét duing 5” ER | oo dang nhiét 6 mot nhiét do nao dé 100] wi ta c6 thé tinh ra duge dutmg 59] [353k | 2000] oo dang nhiét 6 cac nhiet do khéc, 25K re Dubinin da phat trign thuyet —° i a i thé nang vé hdp phy tren day -™ “am bing cach ching minh duge . ring trén cing mot chat hap phy, —_## 62.8. Cée dung ding nhiet hap phy CO, wen than . ~ . hoat tinh & cdc nhiét do khée nhau ti sO gitta thé hap phu cia hai ; chét bi hap phu khéc nhau 1a (3) vA dung cong dic trumg twang ting (b) khong ddi va khong phy thugc vao thé tfch hap phu. Chang han, néu € va €, 12 thé hap phu cia hai chat bj hap phy 1 va 2 ten cing mot chét hiip phy thi : {LB (62.28) &2 6 moi gid tri cia w. Nhu vay, hai duimg dic trumg €; =€,(c) va €) =€(o) Ia tung V6i nhau, vi thé B duge goi la he s6 tuong déng (afinity coefficient). D6i véi chat hap phu la than hoat tinh cé hé mao quan bé Dubinin va Radushkevich cho rang duémg cong w=«xe) cé dang ciia him phan bé Gauss : o=ae" (62.29) trong d6 @, 1a thé tich ciia tat ca cde mao quan nhd, k 1a hing s6 dac tamg cho sy phan bd mao quan theo kich thudc. Néu € 18 thé hap phy cia mot chat bj hap phy nao dé duge xem la chudn thi thé hép phu cia mot chat khdc sé la €/B. Vi vay d6i véi chat nay ta c6 phuong trinh : sao) w=o,e 8 (62.30) Trong phuong trinh ny, néu biéu dién w va € qua cdc hé thie (62.24) va (62.25), sau dé lay logarit sé nhan dugc phuong trinh cia dudng ding nhiet twong tng : 201ss 2 Igx=lg Soo 2a03 (a (w2} (62.31) mn 2 Nhu vay dudng biéu dién Igx phu thudc (x 2) 1a mt dudng thing ©6 do déc P D=2,303 xen va cét truc tung tai diém 6 gié tri bing Ig@. Phuong trinh Vin (62.31) duge goi 14 phuong trinh Dubinin. Du’mg hap phy ding nhiét benzen va nito trén than hoat Link biéu dién theo toa d cia phuong trinh Dubinin duge tinh bay tren hinh 62.9. Dya vao doan ct trén truc tung cia dé thi ta cé thé tinh duge thé tich cia tat ci cde 16 x6p nbd. 7 Do(P/PP Hinh 62.9, Cac dudng dang nhigt hap phy benzen va nite én than hoat tfnh theo toa 6 cila phuong trinh Dubinin ; 1, 2. hap phu benzen & 20°C tren hai logi than hoat tinh khac nhau ; 3. hap phu nite 6 -195°C tren than hoet tinh, x biéu dién bang mmol/g. v eA Li thuyét Polanyi - Dubinin mo ta tét su hap phu khong dic thi cba céc chat hitu co trén than hoat tinh. Né khong dp dung dugc 46i vdi sy hp phy don phan ti, cing nh su hap phy da phan ti trén nhing chat hap phu khong x6p hoc c6 18 xdp Jén. BAI TAP 1, Thé tich oxi bi hap phy trén bé mat sat 6 -183°C phu thudc thoi gian nhu sau : 1s: 1380 3000» 42607320 10020 ww vem’: 0,167 0,272 0,330 0,408 = 0,432 «0,451 Hay ching minh sy hap phy tuan theo quy lugt phan ting bac 1 va tinh hang s6 t6c do hap phy. DS: k= 13.10 457, 2. Luong hép phy nito (x) trén than (0,0946g) & ~77°C phy thuée 4p suat P cia nito nhu sau : ptm 3,5 10 16,7 25,7 33,5 39,2 48,6 X,2 0,0119 0,0161 0,0181 0,0192 0,0195 0,0196 0,0199 202a) Du’ng dang nhigt thu duge cé dang duéng Langmuir hay dung Freundlich ? b) Néu c6 dang dutng Freundlich hay tinh cdc hing s6 k va 1/n trong phuong trinh a/m= ke" (m —lugng than). DS : = 0,0895, /n = 0,271. 3. Két qua do su hap phu cia axit axetic tren than & nhigt do phdng cho & bang sau (thé tich chung 200 ml). [CH,COOH},, ICH,COOH., $6 thi nghigm mail nat ny phu | motit hi dat can bing | Long than g 1 0,503 0.434 3.96 2 0282 0,202 3,94 3 04126 0,0899 4,00 4 0,0628 0.0347 412 5 0.0314 0.0113 4.04 6 0.0157 0.00333 4,00 Tinh céc hang s6k va 1/n theo phuong trinh Freundlich : DS: k= 0,28 (I/n = 0,355). PHY LUC Phu luc 1, Cac hing s6 vat Ii va mét s6 thita s6 chuyén ‘Toc do nh sng trong chan khong c 299792458 m.s | Hang s6 Planck hk 6,6260755.10 “J. Hang s6 Boltzmann k 1,380658.10"9 SO Avogadro Ny 6,0221367.10* mof Hang s6 khi R 8,314510(70) J.mol.K ‘Thé tich mol khi li wéng & diéu ki¢n v 22,41410(19) Lmol™ chudn (°C, 1 ann) Dien tich electron e 1,60217733(49).10 °C -- e 4,80286.10 egse Kh6i wong tinh cla electron Mm 9,1093897(54).10 "kg Kh6i long tinh cia proton my 1,6726231(10).10 "kg Tie khoi luong proton va electron my tm, 1836,152701 Khoi tugng mot don vi kh6i long m 1,6605402.107kg nguyen tir theo thang cacbon niet do néng chay cha nuée d4 6 Lav 273,15K Nhiet d6 diém ba cia née 273,16K Nhigt do tuyat d6i T 273.15 + 1° 86 Faraday FE 96485,309 C.moi! - F 23062 cal.dig v7? - F 2,89261.10"* case.dly Electron von wv 1,60217733(49).10° °F Atmotphe tieu chun aim 1,01325Pa Gia t6c trong trung diém chudn &n 9,80665m.s? 203Cos6 ne nhien 14159 71828... = 0,367 ge 10 = In 10 = 2,302585 logiye = Ipe = 0,434 Rinx = 4,5758 lgyqx cal.K' mol! 298,15 Rinx = 1364,3 Igiox cal.mol kh = 2,083.10! KT! Ig (kh) = 10,3178 kth = 5.662.105. Phu luc 2. Twong quan gitta cdc don vi nang lugng J te fcalonhigt hoa] cm'.atm [Electron — von|_kilooat ~ h i 1 10 2,39006.107 | 986923 | 6.24192.10"* | 2,7778.10 lee 107 1 2,39006.10 | 9,86923.1077 { 6,24192.10"! }2.7778 x 104 Ieal (ah) | 4.18400 | 4,18400.10" 1 41,2929 | 2.61162.10" | 1.16222.10°° Jom*aim | 1,01325.10' | 1,01325.10° | 2,42173.1077 1 6,32463.10"" | 2,81458.10* lev 1,60207%10""” 1,60207x10""F 3.82904.10* |1,581 12107" 1 4.45019x10° kWh 3,600.10 | 3,¢000.10'* | 8,60421.10° | 3,55292.10 | 2.24709.10° 1 Tiép phu luc 2 ec.ptu! Jmol” Kcal.mol”! ev em! tec.pur! 1 6,024.10 | 1.439710" | 6,248.10" | 3,036.10" Umer! | 1,660,107” 1 2,390.10 | 1,036.10 | 8.360.107 tkealmol? | 6,946.10 | 4.184.108 1 4336.10 | 3.498.107 lev 1,602.10? | 9,649.10* 23,060 1 8,065.10" fem”! 1,986.10 1S 11.96 2,859.10 | 1.240.104 1 Phu luc 3. Cac hé s6 trong phuong trinh Temkin - Schwartsman dé tinh AG?. TAK) My M10 Mz.10°° M.210° 300) 0,0000 0,000 10,0000 19,0000 400 90,0392 0.0130 0,043 0,0364 500 0.1133, 0,0407 0.0149 0.0916 600 0.1962 0.0759 0,0303 + 041423 700 0.2794 0.1153 0.0498 0,1953 800 0.3597 0.1574 0.0733 0.2213 900 0.8361 0.2012 0,1004 0.2521 1000 0.5088 0.2463 0.1134 0.2783 1100 0.5765 0.2922 0,1652 0.2988 1200 0.6410 0.3389 0,2029 0.3176 1300 0,7019 0.3860 0.2440 0,340 1400 0.7595 0.4336 0.2886 0.34835 1500 0.8141 0.4814 0.3362, 0,3610 1600 0.8665 0.5296 0.3877 03723 1700 0.9162 0.5780 0.4424 0.3824 204Tiép phu luc 3 TK) My M,.10°% M,,10°% M2108 1800 00,9635 0,6265 0,5005 00,3915 1900 1,0090, 0.6752 0,5619 0,3998 2000 1,0525 0.7240 0,6265 0.4072 2100 1,0940, 0,7730 0,6948 OA140 2200 1,1340, 0.8220 0,7662 0.4203 +2300 1,1730 O87Lt 0.8411 0,4260 2400 1.2100 0,9203 0,9192 0.4314 2500 11,2460 0.9696 11,0008, 0,4363 2600 11,2800 1,0189° 1,0856, 0,4408 (2700 1,3140 41,0683 1.1738, -0,44505 2800 1,3460 41177 1.2654 0.4490 2900 13775 41,1672, 1,3603, 04527 3000 11,4080 12166 14585, 0.4562 Phu luc 4. Bang s6 cic ham Einstein déi véi dao dong tir diéu hod {nang lung bigu dién bang cal.mol ') o8_ hy ~ = x= Tw 1aQ Cc Ss 0 - 1,986 ee 0,10 - 1,983 6,560 4,67 ous, - 1,981 5,730 3,89 0,20 - 1979 5,190 3,39 0,25, ~ 1,976 4,740 2,99 0,30 - 1,974 4,390 2,68 035 - 1,967 4,080 242 040 - 1,960 3,820 2.20 0,45 - 1,952 3,600 2,02 0,50 - 1,945 3,380 185 O55 0.8603 1,938 3,200 1,709 0,60 0.7959 1,928 3,031 1,581 0.65 0,7382 1,918 2,877 1,467 0,70 0.6863 1,908 2,736 1,364 075 0.6394 1,896 2,604 1,270 0,80 00,5966 1,884 2,482 1185 0,85 0,5576 1871 2,369 1,108 0.90 05218 1,858 2.262 1,037 095 0.4890 1,844 2,162, 0,972 1,00 0.4587 1,829 2,068 O91L 1,05 0.4307 1814 1,979 0,856 110 00,4048 1,798 1,895 0,804 Lis 0.3807 1,782 1815 0.756 1.20 00,3584 1,765 1,740 0712 1,25 0.3376, 1,747 1,668 0,671 130 03182 1,729 1,600 0,632 205Tiép phu luc 4 =o rT G-Hy _ (ar nQ c 5 => [2 [ear a 6 135 0.3001 [1,711 1,535 0,596 1,40 0.2832 | 1,692 1,437 0,563 145 0.2673 | 1,673 1414 0,531 1,50 0.2525 | 1,659 1,358 0,502 135 0.2386 | 1,633 1,304 0,474 1,60 0.2255 | 1,612 1,252 0,448 1,65 0.2132 | 1,592 1,203 0,424 1,70 0.20:7 | 1,570 1156 0,401 175 0.1909 | 1,549 MM 0,379 180 0.1807 | 1,527 1,067 0,359 185 Ot7L1 | 1,505 1,026 0,340 1,90 01620 | 1,483 0,986 0,332 1.95 01535 | 1,461 0,948 0,305 2.00 01454 | 1.439 0911 0,289 2.10 0.1306 | 1,393 0,842 0,259 2.20 oma | 1,348 0.778 0,233 2,30 0.4056 | 1,302 0,719 0,210 2.40 0.0951 | 1,256 0,665 0,189 250 0.0857 | 1,210 0,614 0,170 2.60 0,072 | 1,164 0,568 0,153 2.70 0,0696 | 1.119 0,505 0,138 2.80 0,0627 | 1,074 0,485 0,125 2.90 0,0566 | 1,030 0,448 0.112 3,00 0.0511 | 0,986 414 0,102 3.10 0.0461 | 0,943 0,382 0,092 3.20 0.0416 | 0,901 0,353 0,083 3.30 0.0376 | 0,860 0,326 0,075 3.40 0.0339 | 0,820 0,301 0,067 3,50 0.0307 | 0,781 0,277 0,061 60 0.0277 | 0,744 0,256 0,055 3,70 0.0250 | 0.707 0,236 0,050 3.80 0,0226 | 0,672 0218 0,045 3.90 0,0200 | 0,637 0,201 0,041 4,00 0.0185 | 0,604 0,185 0,037 4.20 901st | 0,542 0.157 0,030 4.40 0.0124 | 0,484 0,133 0,025 4.60 oo1e1 | 0.431 013 0,020 4.80 0,083 | 0,383 0,096 0,016 5,00 Goes | 0,339 0,031 0,014 5,20 0.0055 | 0.300 0,068 0,011 5.40 0.0045 | 0,262 0,058 0,009 5.60 0,0037 | 0,232 0,019 0,007 5,80 0,0030 | 0,204 0,041 0,006 6,00 0.0025 | 0,178 0,035 0,005 206Tiép phu tuc 4 T x 1 < Ing é rea 3 6.40 0.0016 | 0,136 0.025% 0,024 0,003 680 0.0011 | 0,103 0.0151 0.017 0,002 7.20 0,007 | 0,077 0.0107 oo14 0,001 7,60 0.0005 | 0.057 0,0076 0,009 0,001 8,00 0,003 | 0.0427 00053 0,006 0,001 8.40 0,002 | 0,032 0,038 0,004 0,000 8.80 0,0002 | 0,023, 0.0030 0,003 9.20 00,0001 0,017 0,0018 0,002 9,60 0.0001 | 0,012 0,013 0,001 10 0,009 0,0009 0,001 u 0,004 0,0004 12 0.0017 0,001 13 0,0007 Phu luc 5, Bang s6 cdc ham Debye déi vdi nhiét dung cht rin 8 cv r oo | ot | 02 | 03 | o4 | os | 06 | 07 | 08 | o9 o 5,961 5,96 5,95 5.94 5,92 5,89 5,86 5,82 5,78 5,74 1 5,676 5,62 5.55 5,49 5,42, 5,35 5,27 519 5,10 ‘5,01 2 4919 | 4,83 4,74 465 4,55 444 434 424 414 4.04 3 | 3945 | 384 | 3,74 | 365 | 3,55 | 3,15 | 336 | 327 | 318 | 3,09 4 2,999 | 2,91 2,83 2,75 2,67 2,59 251 2,43 2,38 2.27 5 2,200 | 2,13 2,05 2,00 1,94 1,88 1,82 176 1,70 1,64 6 1,583 1,53 1,48 1,43 1,38 134 1,30 1,26 0,22 118 7 41,138 | 1,103 | 1,068 | 1,034 | 1,001 | 0,969 | 0,938 | 0,908 | 0,880 | 0,854 8 0.831 | 0.311 | 0,791 | 0,771 | 0,751 | 0,732 | 0,713 | 0,694 | 0,675 } 0,656 9 9,637 | 0,618 | 0,599 | 0,580 | 0,561 | 0,542 | 0.524 | 0,506 | 0,487 | 0.469 10 0,451 | 0,435 | 0,421 | 0,409 | 0,398 | 0,388 | 0,378 | 0,368 | 0,359 | 0,351 11 | 0,343 | 0,335 | 0,327 | 0,319 | 0.311 | 0,303 | 0,295 | 0,287 | 0,280 | 0.273 12 | 0,267 | 0.261 | 0,255 | 0,249 | 0,243 | 0.237 | 0,231 | 0.225 | 0,220 | 0.215 13 | 0.210 | 0.205 | 0,200 | 0,196 | 0,192 | 0,188 | 0,184 | 0.180 | 0,176 | 0,172 14} 0,168 | 0,166 | 0,161 | 0,158 | 0,155 | 0,152 | 0,149 | 0,146 | 0,143 | 0,140 15 0,137 | 0,134 | 0,131 | 0,128 | 0,125 | 0,123 | 0,121 | 0,119 | 0,117 | 0,115 8. z 8p. = OD = T Cy T cy T cy 16 0.113 21 0,0499 26 0,0262 7 0,094 2 0,0433 27 0.0234 18 0,079 23 0,0380 28 0.0211 19 0,067 24 0.0335 29 00,0189 20 0,058 2s 0.0296 30 0.0172 207