CNG CHA NGC VN VI VNG T NAM B

Nguyn nh T*

Nm 1620, cha Nguyn Phc Nguyn g em gi th 2 l Cng cha Ngc

Vn cho vua nc Chn Lp, Chey Chetta II, vic ny c ghi li trong bin nin s
Campuchia. Theo ti liu ghi li trong s Chn Lp th cng cha Ngc Vn c
ngi Chn Lp gi vi tn C Chnh Xinh1 v rt xinh gi, c vua Chey Chetta II
sng i, phong lm hong hu, tc hiu l Somdach Prea Peaccac Vodey Pra
Voreac Khsattey. Lc v nh chng, cng cha c php em theo nhiu ngi
Vit n sinh sng ti Chn Lp, c ngi c gi chc h trng trong triu. B li
lp mt xng th v nhiu nh bun gn kinh 2. S ngi Vit ny sinh c lp
nghip v sinh ngy cng ng. Nm 1665, trong mt bc th, gio s Chevreuil
k li rng: ng ti Colomb (cch vit ch Phnm Pnh thi ) vo cui nm,
y thy c 2 lng Vit Nam bn kia sng, cng s ngi c 500, m k
theo o Thin Cha ch c 4 hay 5 chc m thi3.
Ngoi vic a ngi Vit sang lp nghip Chn Lp, cng cha Ngc Vn
cn xin php nh vua cho lu dn ngi Vit sang lm n sinh sng vng t M
Xoi, tc vng B Ra - Vng Tu ngy nay. Vn theo Bin nin s Chn Lp, nm
1623 cha Nguyn li gi sang th nc ny mt v s thn em theo nhiu tng
phm v quc th n dng ln vua Chey Chetta II vi ni dung ng mun mn
x Prei Nokor (Si Gn) v Kas Krobey (Bn Ngh) lp cc trm thu thng
chnh. Sau khi tham kho triu nh (v chc l c s vn ng ngm ngm ca cng
cha Ngc Vn), vua Chn Lp bng lng chp thun theo li yu cu ca cha
Nguyn. Do cha Nguyn lnh cho cc quan thng chnh n ng tr s hai
ni tin hnh vic thu thu thng chnh4. Tuy ti liu khng ni, nhng c l
m suy, xung quanh tr s cc s thu ny cn c gia nhn ca cc vin chc v cc
n v qun i i theo bo v an ninh v sai phi. cng l ci c chnh
ng lu dn ngi Vit c a vo nh c hai ni ny.
Nh trn ni, vua Chey Chetta II cu thn vi cha Nguyn l tm ch
da ng i u vi ngi Xim. Vy cha Nguyn c gip g cho vua Chn Lp
khng? iu ny th s ta v s Chn Lp u khng ni ti. Nhng mt gio s

*
Hi Khoa hc Lch s TP H Ch Minh.
1
L Hng, Vit kiu Kampuchea, NXB Tr ng, tr10.
2
Theo Nguyn nh u trong a ch Vn ha Thnh ph H Ch Minh, tp I, tr146, dn
Moura trong sch Royaume du Cambodge, tp II, tr57.
3
Theo Nguyn nh u, Sd, tr144.
4
Theo L Hng, Sd, tr10.

197
Thin Cha gio tng nhiu nm x ng Trong, gio s ngi Christopho
Borri lc v nc c vit tp hi k, trong c on ni v s gip ca cha
Nguyn i vi con r ca mnh, nh cha Nguyn phi lun tp lnh v gi nhng
o qun i gip vua Cao Min, Cha vin tr cho vua (Chn Lp) c tu thuyn
ln binh lnh chng li qun Xim1.
Nm 1628, vua Chey Chetta II qua i. Con ca ng ln ni ngi ly hiu l
Pra Outey (1628-1642). Cng cha Ngc Vn tr thnh Hong thi hu, tt nhin l
vn cn nhiu th lc triu nh Chn Lp. Trong thi gian ny, lu dn ngi Vit
vo lm n vng ng Nai - Gia nh cng nhiu. Sau khi vua Pra Outey qua i,
vua Pnha Chan (1642-1659) ta dch l Nc ng Chn ln thay, ti triu nh Chn
Lp n ra cuc tranh chp ngi vua, khin c cuc can thip qun s ca cha
Nguyn. V s kin ny s ta chp khc, s Chn Lp chp khc.
Sch i Nam thc lc tin bin ghi rng: Thng 9, vua nc Chn Lp l
Nc ng Chn xm ln bin thy. Dinh Trn Bin2 bo ln. Cha sai Ph tng
Trn Bin l Tn Tht Yn, Cai i l Xun Thng, Tham mu l Minh Lc (2 ngi
u khng r h) em 3.000 qun n thnh Hng Phc (by gi gi l Mi Xuy, nay
thuc huyn Phc Chnh tnh Bin Ha) nh ph c, bt Nc ng Chn em
v. Cha tha ti cho v sai h tng v nc, khin lm phin thn, hng nm np
cng3.
Bin nin s Chn Lp ghi nh sau: Nm 1658, hai v hong thn S v Ang
Tan, con vua Prah Outey thot nn lc Quc vng Ponha Chan tn st gia
nh v ph chnh 16 nm trc, cm qun ni lon nh nh vua. B qun triu nh
(Chn Lp) phn cng mnh lit, hai v chy trn sang cung Hong hu4 Ngc Vn,
v ca tin vng Chey Chetta II. Hai ngi nh Hong hu xin binh nh Nguyn
n gip khi phc ngai vng. Cha Nguyn Hin Vng nhn li, phi mt o
binh vin chinh vo thng 10 nm 1658. Mt hm i Cao Min do mt v Hong
thn ch huy chn nh o qun Vit Nam, b thua to ngoi bin B Ra. Qun
nh Nguyn tin vo bt Quc vng Ponha Chan nht trong ci st em v tnh
Qung Bnh. Quc vng thng h y. Qun Vit Nam t Hong thn S ln
ngi vua l Batom Racha (1660-1675) ta phin m l Nc Nn5.
Qua 2 on trch dn trn y, chng ta thy phn ghi chp ca s Chn Lp
ng thc t v logic hn. By gi bin gii pha Nam nc ta ch mi n sng
1
Theo Bonifacy dch v ch thch tc phm ca Christopho Borri ng trong BAVH nm 1931
s III-IV.
2
Dinh Trn Bin by gi l dinh Bnh Khang tc Khnh Ha. Theo tc l ca cc cha Nguyn,
dinh gip bin gii pha Nam thng c gi l dinh Trn Bin. Chng hn khi bin gii
nc ta n o C th dinh Ph Yn gi l dinh Trn Bin. n khi bin gii li vo gip
sng Phan Rang th dinh Bnh Khang gi l dinh Trn Bin.
3
i Nam thc lc Tin bin, Sd, tr98
4
y phi ni Hong thi hu mi ng.
5
Vit kiu Kampuchea, Sd, tr10-11.

198
Phan Rang, cch vng M Xoi bi nc Chim Thnh gia, lm sao ngi Chn
Lp xm phm c bin gii ca ta? Nu c th binh lc ca ta Trn Bin sc
nh tr, cn g phi bo v Qung Bnh ni hnh ti ca cha Hin xin lnh? Cho
nn vic 2 hong thn tranh chp ngi vua vi Ponha Chan, v cho mnh l chnh
thng, v b nh thua nn chy trn vo dinh Hong hu Ngc Vn nh xin cha
Nguyn gip binh lc l hp l. Sau khi nh thng v bt vua Ponha Chan em v
Qung Bnh ri cht , cha Nguyn cho hong thn S l anh ln lm vua nc
Chn Lp, ly hiu l Barm Racha, s ta phin m l Nc Nn. Tt nhin l t
lu dn ngi Vit vo lp nghip ng Nai - Gia nh cng c thun li hn v
ng hn. Cng t , cc vua thuc dng chnh nc Chn Lp chu lm phin
thuc ca x ng Trong nc i Vit. Mi ln c s tranh chp ni b triu
nh Chn Lp, phe ni lon chy sang cu vin Xim La, cn phe chnh thng chy
sang nh s gip ca cha Nguyn.
Nm Gip dn (1674) nc Chn Lp li c cuc tranh chp ni b triu
nh. Nc ng i mun cp ngi vua, lm cu phao v xch st qua sng, xy
thnh Nam Vang, nhng cha dm hnh ng, v s Nc Nn cn c cha Nguyn
bo tr, bn ngm cho ngi sang cu vin nc Xim La, ri phao tin rng nc
Xim La pht 2 vn qun b, 2 nghn qun thy v mt nghn voi nga n hi ti
Nc Nn khng chu thn phc nc Xim nh cc triu vua trc. Nc Nn c s
b kinh chy ti dinh Thi Khang (Khnh Ha). Dinh thn em vic tu ln.
Cha Hin ni rng: Nc Nn l phin thn, c vic nguy cp, khng th khng
cu. Bn c Dng Lm lm thng binh, tng thn li th hp l Nguyn Din
Phi lm tham mu, Vn Sng (khng r h) lm th chin, em qun i cu Nc
Nn. Qun ta ph cu phao, cht t xch st, ko thng ti vy thnh Nam Vang.
Nc ng i hong s b chy ri cht. Nc Thu n qun mn xin hng. Triu nh
Ph Xun chun cho Nc Thu l dng ch c lm vua chnh, ng Oudong,
Nc Nn lm vua th nh ng ti Si Gn. Hng nm nc Chn Lp phi triu
cng1.
Ma xun nm K mi (1679) nhm cu tng lnh nh Minh khng chu
thn phc nh Thanh, em hn 3.000 qun v hn 50 chin thuyn b nc chy
sang xin thn phc cha Nguyn, c cho vo khai khn lp nghip ti 2 ni ng
Nai v M Tho. By gi vua Chn Lp l Nc Thu l phin thn ca cha Nguyn,
nn khng phn i, mc du trn danh ngha 2 vng t ny cn thuc ch quyn
ca Chn Lp.
Ti lc lu dn ngi Vit trn a bn ng Nai - Gia nh tng ln rt
nhiu, v ng b thng sut t Thun Ha vo n M Xoi do phn t cn li
cui cng ca Chim Thnh sp nhp vo i Vit, nn nm 1698 cha Nguyn
Phc Chu c L Thnh hu Nguyn Hu Cnh vo kinh l min Nam, ly t ng

1
i Nam thc lc Tin bin, Sd, tr122.

199
Ph lp ra ph Gia nh, chia t ng Nai lp huyn Phc Long, ly t Si Gn
lp huyn Tn Bnh, phn chia ranh gii tng, x, thn, ln, phng, p, im, t
quan chc cai tr, tuyn m binh lnh bo v bin cng. Chnh sch ca cha
Nguyn vn tip tc gip Chn Lp bo v nn c lp, sn sng iu ng binh
lc sang gip vua Chn Lp n p cc lc lng ly khai, chng li s can thip ca
qun Xim, gi vng ngi bu.
By gi ni b triu nh Chn Lp thng xuyn xy ra tranh chp. Phe ni
lon thng rc qun Xim v nh li vua chnh thng ginh ngi bu. Nhng
lc nh th, vua chnh thng Chn Lp u chy sang cu cu cha Nguyn. Sau mi
ln qun ta gip Chn Lp lp li an ninh trong nc, vua Chn Lp thng ct t
hin dng cho cha Nguyn tr n.
Cn ghi nhn rng trc khi c cc dp dng hin t ca cc vua Chn Lp,
mt s kin ht sc quan trng din ra pha Ty Nam lnh th i Vit, l vo
thng 8 nm Mu t (1708) Mc Cu dng t H Tin thuc quyn ca ng cho
cha Nguyn, c cha giao cho chc Tng binh tip tc cai qun vng ny. l
ln u tin ph Gia nh c m thm t v pha cc Ty Nam.
V vic cc vua Chn Lp hin dng t cho cha Nguyn tr n, th l
trng hp nm Bnh T (1756) vua Chn Lp Nc Nguyn dng hin t 2 ph Tm
Bn v Li Lp, nay l vng t G Cng v Tin Giang. l nm Mu Dn
(1758) vua Chn Lp l Nc Nhun hin vng t Tr Vinh, Ba Thc, nay l vng
Tr Vinh, Sc Trng. Ri n Nc Tn hin t Tm Phong Long, nay l vng Vnh
Long, An Giang. Nc Tn li ct t 5 ph Hng c, Cn Vt, Chn Sum, Si Mt,
Lnh Qunh dng cho Mc Thin T n n ring. Thin T l trn thn ca cha
Nguyn, nn dng c 5 ph y ln cha. Cha cho nhp vo a bn H Tin1.
Ti , trn phn t Nam B ca nc ta c nh hnh cho n hm
nay. Xut pht t cuc hn nhn ca cng cha Ngc Vn, tuy vua Chn Lp Chey
Chetta II khng chnh thc ct vng t no lm snh l nh vua Ch Mn ct 2
chu , R dng cho vua nh Trn, nhng mc nhin chp thun cho lu dn
ngi Vit vo khai thc vng ng Nai - Gia nh. Cng do mi lng duyn
m 2 triu nh Thun Ha v Oudong c mi quan h mt thit vi nhau sut my
trm nm, dn ti vic cc vua Chn Lp ln hi dng hin cc vng t to thnh
Nam B ngy nay.
T cuc hn nhn ca cng cha Huyn Trn m nc ta c c 2 chu ,
R, nay l vng Tha Thin v Bc Qung Nam, t ln hi m rng v pha
Nam ti ranh gii B Ra. Cng t cuc hn nhn ca cng cha Ngc Vn m nc
ta c c vng t Nam B tr ph qua ng li ngoi giao, ha bnh. nh n
cng cha Huyn Trn, ngy nay nhn dn Tha Thin - Hu lp n th tn
vinh B. Chng l 2 s kin nh nhau, mang li li ch cho T quc dn tc nh
1
i Nam thc lc Tin bin, Sd, tr224, 226.

200
nhau, m mt bn th ca tng, tn vinh nh th, mt bn li lnh lng qun lng nh
kia sao? Thit tng n lc nhn dn TP. H Ch Minh ni ring, Nam B ni
chung cng nn xy dng mt ngi n ti y biu dng cng n ca cng
cha Ngc Vn v gio dc truyn thng n qu nh k trng cy cho lp con
chu ngy nay v mai sau.

201