Professional Documents
Culture Documents
222
Ha v cc s t cng gia quyn vui v ln ng vo Nam lp nghip. a bn
u tin ni oan qun cng t chn n l i T thuc huyn V Xng, ph
Triu Phong (Thun Ha lc by gi gm hai ph Tn Bnh v Triu Phong, tri di
t chu Nam B Chnh pha Nam sng Gianh cho n in Bn, pha Bc Qung
Nam ngy nay). Vi mt a bn tri di nh vy buc Nguyn Hong phi chn i
T t dinh ph v bt u quy hoch ng li cai tr. L gii ti sao ng khng
chn mt v tr no Ha Chu (Tha Thin) ng bn doanh, tc gi Phan
Thun An cho rng: Phi chng v a bn i T lc by gi c dn cn tha tht,
t ai cn nhiu ni hoang vng, khng phi l ming mi ngon anh hng ho
kit thuc loi tho d ca h Mc v triu nh L Trnh ginh git? Trong khi
a bn Tha Thin th tr ph hn, nht l vng ph l Triu Phong bn b sng
Hng,... Vic ng dinh ph i T l mt quyt nh mang tnh sch lc chnh
tr, nhm trnh khi nhng va chm khng cn thit v nhng bt li c th xy n
cho cc th lc bt mn vi ch v cc thnh phn dn chng phc tp trn a
bn Thun Ha gy ra [1,14].
Sau khi t chn n Thun Ha, vi danh ngha trn gi t pha Nam i
Vit, nhng trong lu di ca oan qun cng khi chn vng t ny ngh
n vic xy dng th lc lu di cho dng h. Cho nn, Nguyn Hong tr
tnh nhiu cch xy dng nghip cha [12,77]. Tng truyn lc ng n i
T, nhn dn dng ln 7 v nc trong, ni tri ban cho oan qun cng
nc. ng cng Thi ph Nguyn D, Uy quc cng Mc Cnh Hung,
Lun qun cng Tng Phc Tr v cc quan tam ty ca nh L cn lu dng, tt
c hp sc quy hoch phng thc cai tr v phng th.
Do uy danh ca Nguyn Kim v chin cng chng nh Mc ca oan qun
cng, cho nn sau khi xy dng th lc mi Thun Ha, nhanh chng thu ht
lc lng c dn t pha Bc vo. Nguyn Khoa Chim trong Trnh - Nguyn din
ch m t l mt cuc di dn thc s. Sau ny, Li Tana trong lun n tin s ca
mnh nhn xt l mt ln sng di dn v i ca ngi Vit Nam, tc gi cn
cho rng trc y, s ngi Vit di c xung pha Nam khng nhiu , c v lc
c, nhng by gi ng c thc y h cng r rng hn. Nu Thun Ha trc
y xem ra l mt vng t y bt trc, bp bnh v mt s lnh vc, th vic h
Nguyn thit lp chnh quyn y c coi nh l mt vic ti khng nh
quyn ca ngi Vit Nam c nh c trn vng t ny v v th l khuyn khch
ln i vi vic di dn [13,38].
C th ni, trc khi Nguyn Hong vo khai ph Thun Ha, c c dn
ngi Vit di c vo y t cc triu i L, Trn v nht l thi L Thnh Tng sau
cuc chin tranh vi Chmpa nm 1471. Tuy nhin, cc t di dn trc y cn ri
rc, l t, v th vng t ny cha c khai thc trit . iu ny lt vo tm
ngm ca v tng trn tng qun Nguyn Hong, ng dng c ca mnh
v v qun dn, thu dng ho kit, su thu nh nhng, c dn mn phcby
223
gi mi vic bt u. Cha khuya sm chm lo, ngh vic cng c cn bn [10, 30-
31].
224
s, s lm xong em v[13,37]. Trong nhng ln sau, cha nu nhng l do
mt ma, l lt, hn hn xin x thu, nh vy nhn dn rt hng hi sn xut,
nn "nm 1608 Thun Ha c ma to, mi u go 3 ng tin. T Ngh An
go t, nn dn xiu dt chy v vi cha Nguyn [13,44]. T , oan qun
cng c dn mn phc v gi l cha Tin.
Sau khi Nguyn Hong c vua L cho php kim tr c trn Qung Nam,
ng thc hin mt thay i l chuyn th ph t i T sang Tr Bt (cng nm
trn t huyn V Xng). Nm 1600, mt ln na di chuyn bn doanh sang
Dinh Ct, cch dinh c khng xa. Vic thuyn chuyn dinh ph nhiu ln, th
hin mong mun ca Tin cha l i tm chn n nh chun b cho mt
lu di. Mong mun , oan qun cng y thc li cho Nguyn Phc
Nguyn- ngi ni nghip cha Thun Ha. V 13 nm sau ngy cha bng,
cha Si a dinh v t Tha Thin (dinh Phc Yn), tng bc thot li hn
quan h vi ng ngoi.
Nm 1601, Tin cha Nguyn Hong c mt cuc kinh l n vng t
pha Bc o Hi Vn. Khi i ngang qua vng H Kh, dng chn ngm nhn
phong cnh, a th, thy ni y gia chn ng bng t khi mt ngn i cao
dng ta mt u rng ang ngoi v pha ni m, trc cun nc trng giang,
sau m mnh ni bnh h, cnh tr tuyt p. Ngi s ti cho rng ni ny rt
thing, ban m c ngi trng thy mt b gi u tc bc ph, mc o , qun
xanh, ngi chi nh i m ni Ri y s c mt v chn cha n lp cha
th Pht, cu thnh linh kh tr v ni ny cu phc gip nc, gip dn , tt
khng c g phi lo. Nguyn Hong nghe ni c mng, t cho mnh l v chn
cha, bn sai ngi dng cha, vit bin ch Thin M t. Sau khi t chn
n A Vn quan, thy a th pha Nam rt p v bng phng, cha cho tch
in Bn ra khi Thun Ha, thnh lp ph in Bn thuc trn Qung Nam
(1604). c c mt quyt nh quan trng ny, cha Tin mt gn na th
k xy dng v cng c Thun Ha. Vic lp ph in Bn, mt mt gii
quyt sc p v rung t canh tc v t th c, nhng ci quan trng hn l to
vnh ai vng chc bo v dinh ph, ng thi lm bn p tin v pha
Nam sau ny. Trong bi vit ca mnh, tc gi Hunh Cng B dn li trong
Qung Nam qua cc thi i ca Phan Du, nh gi v s kin ny nh sau:
"Mun dng nghip ln, trong ci th ca Tin cha Nguyn Hong thi , cn
phi to mt c s va em li ci th dc cho thng v cho c Chnh dinh,
nhm c kh nng, lc lng chn ng mi cuc tn cng ca qun Trnh t
pha Bc trn xung v mt khcva to c mt bn p bnh trng th
lc, m rng b ci v pha Nam [3].
Song song vi cng cuc xy dng x Thun Ha, oan qun cng cng
tng cng bo v vng t ny. Nm 1572, nh bi qun Mc do Lp Bo ch
huy; nm 1585, Tng Ty dng hiu l Hin Qu i chin thuyn ln n u
225
Ca Vit cp bc ven bin, cha sai hong t th 6 lnh hn 10 chin
thuyn, tin thng n ca bin nh tan 2 chin thuyn gic, Hin Qu s chy,
cha c mng ni rng: Con ta tht anh kitt nay gic bin im hi [10, 37].
Trong hot ng bun bn vi nc ngoi, Tin cha t quan h vi
cc thng nhn nc ngoi. C th ni rng: ngoi thng pht trin gip cho
vic cng c Thun Ha. nh gi hot ng ny, Li Tana trong tc phm X
ng Trong, Lch s kinh t- x hi th k XVII-XVIII vit: Ngoi thng tr
thnh yu t quyt nh trong tc pht trin ca ng Trong. Ngoi thng
nghip khng c g khc c th gip h Nguyn xy dng mt cch nhanh chng
vng t t nhn lc ny c th ng u ni vi mt vng t c s tim lc
nhiu gp i, gp ba ng Trong v mi mt [12,85]. C th ni nhng nh
gi trn l qu cao ngoi thng, nhng khng th ph nhn mt iu l, ngay
nhng nm u Nguyn Hong n Thun Ha, c nhiu li bun t Ma Cao,
Trung Hoa, Nht Bn n bun bn, lc Ca Vit l hi cng mu dch
vi ngai quc. Cc thuyn bun Trung Hoa bun bn lc by gi u vo Ca
Vit ri ln kinh Dinh Ct [1]. c bit trong quan h vi nc ngoi , tin
cha ch ti Nht Bn: trong thi gian 6 nm (1601-1606), hng nm Nguyn
Hong v v tng qun Takugawa (Nht Bn) u c th t trao i vi nhau.
Theo Li Tana, Nguyn Hong gi cho Takugawa 8 bc th v 2 ln gi tng
phm, cn Takugawa gi cho Tin cha 6 bc th [12].
Trong khi chnh quyn L Trnh t ra d dt trong vic bun bn vi nc
ngoi, vi mt s chnh sch phin h lm nn lng cc tu bun, th Thun
Ha vic bun bn kh si ni. Cc thng nhn ngoi quc v tn cc a
phng thu mua sn phm th cng v nng sn, mt s mt hng nc ngoi
c mang n Thun Ha. oan qun cng cn cho php cc thng nhn n
t thng im mt s khu vc do mnh kim sot, nht l Hi An ( Qung
Nam).
Nh vy, cho n khi mt (thng 6 nm Qu Su, 1613), hng th 88
tui, Tin cha ngi 55 nm. Trong 55 nm y, Nguyn Hong gn lin s
nghip vi vng t Thun Ha. T Thun Ha, cha m t v Qung Nam
(1604), Ph Yn (1611). Trc khi mt, mc d tui cao, nhng oan qun cng
c v cha yn lng khi s nghip cha trn vn. Cho nn, trc khi nhm mt,
ng kp dn li ngi k v l th t Nguyn Phc Nguyn rng t Thun
Qung pha Bc c ni Honh Sn v sng Linh Giang him tr, pha Nam c
ni Hi Vn v ni Thch Bi vng bn. Ni sn vng st, bin c c mui, tht l
t dng v ca ngi anh hng. Nu bit dy dn, luyn binh chng chi vi
h Trnh th xy dng c nghip mun i. V bng th lc khng ch c,
th c gi t ai ch c hi, ch ng b qua li dn ca ta [10,40]. Nhng
cha k v Tin cha pht huy th chin lc ca t Thun Ha, nhanh chng
bin vng t ny thnh th ph ca mt vng triu vng mnh. Nm 1626, di
226
dinh ph v Phc Yn (Hng Tr, Tha Thin ngy nay), cng chnh l thi
im din ra cuc chin tranh Trnh Nguyn ko di hng thp k v hnh thnh
cc din ng Trong- ng Ngoi. Thun Ha tr thnh a bn i u vi
qun Trnh, ng thi thc y nhanh hn vic m rng t ai v pha Nam.
Ca ngi cng lao ca oan qun cng, Quc s qun triu Nguyn ghi:
By gi Thi t Gia D cai tr hn 10 nm, chnh s khoan ha, qun lnh
th nghim tc. Dn vng Thun Ha, Qung Nam u c thm nhun n c
v tm gi gio ha. Dn bun th lc nghip, ch ba khng bn 2 gi, trong x
khng c trm cp. Nhiu ngi cc nc n sum vy lm n. Trong trn ngy
mt ng c thnh vng [11,158]. Chnh s thn nh L cng nh gi trong
i Vit s k ton th nh sau: t Thun Qung li c yn. Hong tr
nhm my chc nm, chnh lnh khoan ha, thng ban n hu, dng php cng
bng, khuyn rn bn b, cm trp k hung c, dn hai trn li cm lng mn
c, thay i phong tc, ch khng ni thch, dn khng trm cp, cng ngoi
khng phi ng, thuyn bun nc ngoi u n bun bn, trao i phi gi,
qun lnh nghim cm, mi ngi ra sc. T y ngi Mc khng dm dm
nom, trong ci c yn n lm n [9,182]. Thun Ha di thi oan qun
cng Nguyn Hong thc s tr thnh a bn quan trng cho i nghip ca h
Nguyn. T , Thun Ha l trung tm chnh tr, kinh t, vn ha ca t ng
Trong. T Thun Ha, bn nc ta dn dn hnh thnh nh ngy hm nay. C
th ni, n gia th k XVIII, cng cuc m t pha Nam ca dn tc hon
thnh. Trong s nghip to ln khng th khng k n vai tr ca Thun Ha.
Cng chnh Thun Ha gip Ty Sn nh tan qun Trnh, xa b ranh gii
sng Gianh, t Thun Ha, ngi anh hng o vi ln ngi hong , ko i
qun ra Bc lm nn mt ng a lch s, nh bi 29 vn qun Thanh xm
lc. Thun Ha- Ph Xun tr thnh kinh ca c nc di triu Ty Sn v
nh Nguyn sau ny.
T chiu su ca qu kh, v tr Thun Ha - Ph Xun s cn ng gp
nhiu hn na cho dn tc trong hin ti v tng lai.
227
11. Quc S qun triu Nguyn, Khm nh Vit s thng gim cng mc, T2,NXB Gio dc,
HN, 1998.
12. Quc s qun triu Nguyn, i Nam lit truyn, T1, Bn dch Vin S hc, NXB Thun
Ha Hu, 1993.
13. Li Tana, X ng Trong Lch s kinh t - x hi vit Nam th k XVII-XVIII, NXB Tr Thnh
ph H Ch Minh, 1999.
14. UBKHXHNV, Vin S hc, Nguyn Tri ton tp, H Ni, 1986.
15. Phan Khoang, Vit S x ng trong (1558-1777), Si gn, 1972.
228