NATIONAL UNIVERSITY POLYTECHNIC SCHOOL OF ASSUMPTION

FOUR LEVELS WITH ELEVATOR THREE MODES OF OPERATION

Authors: Cheon I José Miguel Barboza Ana Romero Segovia Derlis Counselor: Mr. L
ucas Tree
Keywords: elevator, lift, microcontroller,
1. INTRODUCTION An elevator or lift is a vertical transportation system designed
to move people or goods between floors laid, These devices consist of a car or
platform moving within a gap and slide along vertical guides, consisting of mech
anisms security and a source of electrical power to operate mechanical and elect
ronic. In 1853 an elevator was shown equipped with a device (called safe) to sto
p the car if the rope broke. In this case, a spring would operate two pawls on t
he car, forcing them to be coupled to the supports of the sides of the hole and
to support the cabin. This invention promoted the construction of lifts. Vertica
l lifts there are many kinds, whether multiple speeds, different types of cabin,
cabin different decorations, lighting, etc. [1]. The hydraulic elevators, are d
istinguished from others because they have a piston inside that has oil, and is
what propels him to climb. The machine is filled with oil is, and when you want
to lower the hydraulic lift, the machine absorbs the oil that is currently in th
e piston and is just beginning to fall down. This type of maneuver is recommende
d for low-rise buildings, but can also be installed in buildings of greater heig
hts. [2] The exterior doors may also be of various types, manual doors, semiauto
matic or automatic doors. Vertical lifts can carry loads of different people, de
pending on the weight to accept the cabin, which is from two or more people, dep
ending on the type of load acceptance. In high-rise buildings is the need of ins
talling vertical lifting because it keeps us from having to go up or down stairs
so we make life easier and make us use less effort. For its technical specifica
tion must slow down when it reaches a certain height because of gravity, this is
used for variable speed drives controlled by PLC [3]. These vertical lifts, mak
e our lives easier, because we avoid having to climb stairs in buildings of grea
t height.
1.1 Elements 1.1.1 constituent Cabin The cabin is the element through which are
transported goods and people in the elevator system. It is comprised of two main
elements: the frame and box. The steel frame is the element to setting the driv
e cables and the parachute mechanism. Your safety factor must be calculated to w
ithstand normal loads and those that occur in the time between operating the par
achute system is suddenly struck the cockpit. The box affixed to the frame shoul
d be constructed of materials of high mechanical strength, which are also non-co
mbustible and does not cause gas or fumes. The cab roof must withstand without b
reaking or being deformed by the weight of two men. On the same should be placed
on computer controls manual operation.
1.1.2 Group wheeled tractor lift groups are often composed of an engine coupled
to a speed reducer, in which output shaft is mounted sheave dragging by bond wir
es. The three-phase motors are used, the type of squirrel-cage rotor. The gearbo
x consists of a steel worm meshed with a crown of bronze. In the same auger shaf
t of the gearbox is usually mounted drum brake, a mechanical linkage coupled to
the pulley. [4]
Control maneuvers 1.1.3 Control of elevator systems, carried out by electronic m
aneuvers, responsible for operating the direction of movement of the car and sel
ect the properties for which this should stop. Currently, elevator controls are
microprocessors using artificial intelligence algorithms determine how to reduce
waiting times for
Call orders to coordinate the different teams to work together; PLC are also use
d to control engine speed, car doors, floor doors, speed of onset of stop motion
and speed. Safety Devices 1.2 System security is a key element in the elevators
. To maximize use a number of specific devices: mechanical interlocking 1.2.1 Th
e access doors to the floors, making it impossible to open all doors except the
floor where the car is stopped. 1.2.Two electric locking also locks in the floor
s, which prevents movement of the elevator if a door is open. 1.2.3 Parachute ca
bles broken or unbalanced traction device capable of stopping the elevator still
laden minted on the guides, which is used to stop the elevator when the speed o
f the car exceeds a certain limit or he breaks a of the suspension cables. 1.2.4
speed limiter is a pulley installed on the top of the elevator connected to the
cabin through a steel cable which transmits the movement to monitor speed. In c
ase of increased speed, the device uses the principle of centrifugal energy to a
ctivate a second device installed in the cockpit that acts as a wedge and stop t
he movement. 1.2.5 Limit sensors that interrupt the power when the car exceeds t
he extreme rising or falling. 1.2.6 Emergency stop device interrupts the operati
on, cut power to the tractor group and acts on the brake. Permits the detention
of nullifying elevator cabin controls and floors.
1.2.7 alarm bell for use by passengers in case of breakdown or emergency, and re
ceive assistance as soon as possible. 1.2.8 Emergency lighting illuminates the c
abin in case the normal lighting is interrupted for any failure or power outage.
[5] 2 OBJECTIVES 2.1 General Objective: To design an electronic system using a
PIC microcontroller, capable of executing operations in an Automatic or decide i
ts future operations through external signals provided by an operator to determi
ne the program's logic. 2.2 Objectives Specific objectives: 2.2.1 Fit for the dr
ive circuits for control and power unit. 2.2.2 Perform the interconnection of th
e microcontroller peripherals with the respective sensors and actuators. 2.2.3 D
emonstrate the various applications that have the PIC 16F877A microcontroller. 2
.2.4 Designing the microcontroller software in C programming language
3 MATERIALS AND METHODS The physical structure of the designed system consists o
f a model of an elevator pit, built by four brass H-beams, connected by flat iro
n rods fastened with screws and attached to a wooden base with metal parts L-sha
ped The DC motor of 24 watts, is positioned at the top of the structure to make
the drive from the box and the counterweight through industrial belt. The moving
parts of the elevator cab and counterweight are embedded axes they used to slid
e up and down without swinging sideways. Two axes were used for housing for the
elevator and a counterweight. The magnetic sensors (reed switch) are attached to
the flat bars that indicate the building's floors, which are four in total, gro
und floor, first, second and third floors. The system has a control panel where
the buttons for calling the respective floors and emergency stop switches for se
lecting a mode of operation.
It also contains a liquid crystal display (LCD) dot matrix 40 for 2 lines used t
o indicate the position of the lift at any given time [6]. The electronic contro
l of the elevator is achieved through the PIC 16F877A microcontroller mounted on
a plaque that is peripheral data buses that connect to the respective ports of
the PIC, crystal consists of a 4 MHz internal oscillator for the PIC and the pow
er inputs are connected capacitors for electrical noise reduction, includes a re
set circuit connected to the respective pin of the PIC to reset the system [7].
It then describes the building blocks of the developed prototype.
Power Interface Circuit Control Motor
Power Supply
Sensors
Control Circuit
LCD Display
Figure 1 Block diagram of the system.
3.1 Software for viewing Display floors to display The display software was deve
loped in C language, and compiled the program into machine language mplab to be
taxed in ICProg which is the recorder program that runs the CIP. 3.2 Software fu
nctions and stop motion Like visualization software for the display was develope
d in C, compiled with MPLAB and charged at ICProg, this time taking into account
the modules stop sensing reed switch sensors and time Stop waiting until a next
signal or external order by the control circuit. 3.3 Control Circuit
The entire system is governed by a single integrated circuit, the PIC 16F877A mi
crocontroller,€This PIC has 40 pins, works with 35 words of instructions is a m
icrocontroller 8-bit CMOS FLASH which has six input / output configurable to ope
rate in various ways. For the implementation of the project, using the six avail
able ports, the port A acts as input signal selection mode of operation, the B i
s the output port that connects to the power unit to control the movement of the
engine; C port is the entrance floor sensors and switches, the port D is config
ured as output port to send E sends the LCD. the LCD data and control signals to
the
Figure 2 Control Circuit.
3.4 Control circuit for a PIC 16F877A side buttons, 2 switches, the outputs A an
d B, which together with reverse twist to control motor that moves the elevator.
connected to the sensors, the stop button, and has two circuit GND are connecte
d to all the movements of
Figure 3. Control circuit.
3.5 Power Interface power interface design was performed by digital circuit H-br
idge type that makes possible the reverse rotation of the engine when required i
n the operation of the system used for this TIP 122 transistors and NPN bipolar
transistors 127 222 and capacitor for noise control food, pulses interface recei
ves a control circuit to rotate in one direction and another to the opposite dir
ection when there is no presence of these pulses the motor remains at rest. The
land of the power control circuit, if the signal from the engine to be located i
n the center of 5 volts to 0 and 5 take turns in another sense, 5 Volts will not
spin. is common to the circuit ground entry is 0 Volts and 0 Volts will not tur
n, a signal must begin turning the motor, when sense and if it is 5 and 0 turns
the transistors biased
right or left side of the circuit, so if both sides are polarized
Figure 4. Control circuit for motor rotation (H bridge).
4 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION The system was designed to be strong physically, withou
t neglecting the aesthetic, then bear the weight and movement of the engine-that
is sensitive to vibrations of the structure. The hoistway glided smoothly throu
gh the lines and jump start did not occur or shock. This box was stopped at the
place of entry and exit, so we conclude that the choice and arrangement of the s
ensors was
correct. Tests were conducted in the modes of automatic and manual operation for
several hours and the software will not crash and responded properly, the engin
e is not warmed up and neither did the microcontroller and power interface (brid
ge H), indicating that components were sized correctly. The printed boards were
designed using Eagle 4.17 and were manufactured by a photomechanical process, pe
rforated tip soldiers empirical type. dremmel and fine drill To record the way t
he welder components
microcontroller is used which is owned recorder Laboratory Technical School.
a)
b)
Figure 5. a) prototype testing and simulation of sensors in breadboard. b) Concl
ude prototype.
5 CONCLUSIONS achievements was to build a functional model of an elevator, the c
losest thing possible to a real lift in use today, which can be used for educati
onal purposes to understand its operation and for the development of software th
at controls a real lift to achieve optimal energy savings, reduced user wait tim
e and engine performance in a scale model is pretty close to a real one. The lim
itations were encountered in the construction of the structure and the miniaturi
zation of the safety devices found in a real lift. 6 REFERENCES
[1] systems, elevators and forklifts. wikipedia. Free Encyclopedia. www.wikipwdi
a.org / elevators. [2] Electrohydraulics. Festo Didactic. D. Merkle, K. Rupp. [3
] Electric Motors. Speed Variation. J. Roldan Viloria. Auditorium. [4] Selection
and application of electric motors. lebosco - Dias - siemens-volume 1. McGraw-H
ill. [5] Review of the lift-October 2007 [6] datasheet of the display [7] PIC Mi
crocontrollers 16F87x chips. Practical design applications. Part II. José M. Us
ategui Angulo. - Susan Romero Yesa. - Ignacio Angulo Martinez.