You are on page 1of 41

RAS SYSTEM

RAN Transmission

1 © Nokia Siemens Networks RN33004EN10GLA0


Objectives

After completing this learning element, the participant will be able to:
• Explain the principles of RAN Transmission
• Describe the ATM Cross Connect (AXC) architecture
• Describe briefly the transport solution for NSN Flexi WCDMA BTS
• List the virtual channels between RNC and WCDMA BTS
• Explain the WCDMA BTS AAL2 multiplexing RAN architecture

2 © Nokia Siemens Networks RN33004EN10GLA0


RAN Transmission Principles

MTP3SL/ OAM/SIGTRAN
User Plane /User Plane
MGW

SDH/ BSC OSS


PDH ATM 2G SGSN
CoCo
IP
WBTS GGSN
WBTS
OAM
IP Ethernet
ATM
RNC
BTS
MSS

3G SGSN
MTP3SL OAM/SIGTRAN
/User Plane

3 © Nokia Siemens Networks RN33004EN10GLA0


ATM over E1

ATM cell

Header Payload

E1 frame E1 frame
0 1 2 ... 15 16 17 18 . . . 31 0 1 2 ... 15 16 17 18 . . . 31

TS1-15 TS17-31 TS1-15 TS17-31


TS0 TS16 TS0 TS16

E1 (2,048 Mbps) -> 4528 cells per second.

4 © Nokia Siemens Networks RN33004EN10GLA0

When transmitting ATM cells over a digital interface like E1, we map the cells into the physical layer
frame. ITU-T Recommendation G.804 and ATM Forum specification af-phy-0064.000 define the ATM
direct mapping (ADM) process. ADM uses the header error check (HEC) field in the cell header to identify
the first bit of a cell in an E1 frame. A receiving E1 IMA interface examines the incoming bit stream and
checks if a set of eight bits comprises a valid CRC for the preceding 32 bits.

The alternative to ADM is the physical layer convergence protocol (PLCP). PLCP uses special overhead
bytes to delineate the start and end of the ATM cells inside the E1 frame and thus reduces the effective
payload rate. Since PLCP adds overhead, ADM replaces PLCP.
ATM over STM-1

VP1
VP2
VP3
1 byte
9 bytes 260 bytes VC-4

P
Section
9 bytes O
Overhead . VC-4
H .
.

STM-1 (155,52 Mbps) can fit 44.15 cells per frame -> 353 207 cells per second.

5 © Nokia Siemens Networks RN33004EN10GLA0


WCDMA BTS site connectivity

RNC

6 © Nokia Siemens Networks RN33004EN10GLA0


Hybrid BTS Backhaul (1/2)

• Hybrid BTS Backhaul allows for the backhauling of the BTS over packet-
switched technologies, IP and Ethernet in particular.
• The HSPA traffic is offloaded onto the packet-switched network. Delay
sensitive traffic is carried over TDM links.

ATM ATM
E1 IP
Ethernet
TDM
TDM
BTS

STM1

E1
ATM
Packet
Packet ATM ATM
Eth IP IP STM1 STM1
Ethernet Ethernet

7 © Nokia Siemens Networks RN33004EN10GLA0

Hybrid BTS Backhaul has introduced in RAS06

In the first case only HSPA traffic is offloaded to the packet-switched network; an existing
path, based on ATM over TDM technologies, is used for all other traffic. HSPA traffic is less
sensitive to delay and delay variation, and the QoS requirements to the packet-switched
network can be relaxed accordingly.

Ethernet is introduced as a BTS backhaul technology:


-Compared to traditional ATM over TDM technologies use of Ethernet can substantially
reduce transport OPEX.
-Ethernet backhaul is a cost effective way to provide the extra capacity required for HSDPA
and HSUPA.
Integrated and stand-alone AXC

AXU IFU
IFU
IFU
IFU
IFU

9 © Nokia Siemens Networks RN33004EN10GLA0

AXC (ATM Cross Connect) is the Integrated ATM Transmission Node of the Nokia WCDMA base station and
a Stand-alone ATM Transmission Network Element. The Integrated AXC for Supreme and S-AXC supports 5
IFUs. The S-AXC can be installed in a standard ETSI or 19-inch rack and co-located with the BTS

S-AXC is needed
¾For providing additional slots for interface units at WCDMA BTS sites. At some sites the available 1-5
slots for interface units in the BTS integrated AXC may not be sufficient
¾As a hub for grooming/concentrating WCDMA traffic at a site without a WCDMA BTS

Minimum AXC configuration


¾One ATM cross connect unit, AXU
¾One interface unit, IFU (any IFU possible)

Maximum configuration
¾One ATM cross connect unit, AXU.
¾Five interface units, IFUs (any IFU and any combination of IFUs possible)

Any combination of interfaces and interface units is possible with a very few limitations
¾Maximum switching capacity = 1.2Gbit/s
¾Maximum amount of physical STM-1 interfaces = 15
¾Maximum amount of physical E1 interfaces = 40
¾Between 1 and 8 E1 links per IMA group for E1 IFU
¾Between 1 and 8 E1 links per IMA group for Flexbus IFU
¾Between 1 and 32 VC-12 links per IMA group for IFUF
AXU - ATM cross connect unit
Power
module

Microcontroller
module
• Switching capacity: 1.2G.
• Supported simultaneous
connections: 1000 (with any mix Lever
of VP and VC) LED
LMP
Q1

ERC1
ERC2

AAM-Module
(AXUB, C2.0

Lever

10 © Nokia Siemens Networks RN33004EN10GLA0

AXU Performance
¾Switching capacity: 1.2G
¾Supported simultaneous connections: 1000 (with any mix of VP and VC)
¾Supported ATM service categories: CBR, UBR
¾Supported cross-connection: Semi-Permanent Virtual Path Connection, Semi-Permanent Virtual
Channel Connection
AXC compact – AXCC/AXCD

Ejector Ejector
LED LED
LMP LMP

Q1 Q1

ERC 8x ERC
8 x E1
E1/JT1/T1

Ejector Ejector

11 © Nokia Siemens Networks RN33004EN10GLA0

Nokia AXC Compact contains AXU and IFU functionality in a single unit and provides eight symmetrical
(AXCC) or coaxial (AXCD) connections
¾AXCC/D is non-expandable but is it possible to add IFUG unit(s)
¾Supports BTS AAL2 Multiplexing and Inverse Multiplexing for ATM, but not fractional E1
¾Local Management Port (LMP)
¾10baseT crossed Ethernet interface, RJ- 45 connector
¾Q1 management port
¾V.11 interface, D-sub 9 connector
¾External reference clock interface (ERC)

Performance
¾Switching capacity: 165 Mbit/s
¾Supported simultaneous connections: 250 (with any mix of VP and VC)
¾Supported ATM service categories: CBR, UBR
¾Supported cross-connection: Semi-Permanent Virtual Path Connection, Semi-Permanent Virtual
Channel Connection
WCDMA BTS Transmission Overview
Ethernet network
CAT-5 or optical
WBTS 1.2 Gbit/s
2 x Fast Ethernet Nokia FlexiHopper
1 x Gigabit Ethernet max. 16 x 2 Mbits/s
IFUH
3 x Flexbus Nokia MetroHopper
AXU IFUE interfaces max. 4 x 2 Mbits/s
IFUF Flexbus
1 x STM – 1 (VC12) Nokia GSM /
cable
EDGE Base Station
IFUC 63xE1
IFUG 3 x STM-0/STM –1
or SDH equipment or
IFUA/D OC-1 /OC-3 ATM Leased Lines
interfaces Optical
Fibre
8 x RJ 45 Ethernet
AXC IFU slots available:
Leased Lines or
Supreme 5 8 x E1/JT1/T1 PDH / SDH equipment
Optima & Optima Compact 3 interfaces
MetroSite WCDMA 1
GSM Base Stations
Copper Nokia and other
MetroSite 50 1 cable
Triple-mode UltraSite EDGE 1

12 © Nokia Siemens Networks RN33004EN10GLA0

The Nokia UltraSite WCDMA BTS supports the following transmission media.

Radio transmission
¾IFUE with Nokia Flexbus interface: 16 x 2 Mbit/s, three Flexbus connectors. The IFUE unit
can be connected to the Nokia FlexiHopper and MetroHopper Microwave Radios.

Wire line transmission


¾IFUA with E1/JT1/T1 with IMA interfaces: 8 x 2Mbit/s (E1) or 8 x 1.5Mbit/s (JT1/T1) PCM
connections, eight twisted pair 120/110Ω TX/RX interface connectors for either E1 or JT1 use.
The unit can be configured either to E1 or JT1/T1 mode.
¾IFUD with E1 with IMA interfaces: 8 x 2Mbit/s (E1) PCM connections, 16 coax 75Ω TX/RX
interface connectors.
¾IFUG with 8 x 10/100 MB Ethernet interfaces.

Fibre optic transmission


¾IFUC with 3 STM-1 interfaces: VC3/VC4 support for fibre optic cable, signal termination,
synchronisation and CPU circuitry for unit control. The unit has three STM connectors. The
IFUC unit can be connected to a microwave radio.
¾IFUF with 1 STM-1 interface: VC3/VC4 support for fibre optic cable, signal termination,
synchronisation and CPU circuitry for unit control. The unit has one STM connector.
IFUC and IFUF

13 © Nokia Siemens Networks RN33004EN10GLA0

IFUC
¾3 x SDH optical interfaces
¾Mixed configuration supported
¾Intra-office/short-haul
¾Used connector: optical, LC type

Interfaces can be configured independently as


¾STM-1 (European standard, 155.52 Mbit/s)
¾OC-3 (American Standard, 155.52 Mbit/s)

IFUF
¾1 x SDH optical interface for structured STM-1 connections
¾LC connector
¾Up to 63 VC-12 with IMA
IFUE

WBTS

IFUE
Flexbus
(16 x 2M)
BTS Site

14 © Nokia Siemens Networks RN33004EN10GLA0

IFUE
¾3 x Flexbus interfaces per PIU
¾IMA support
¾IFUE capacity up to 16 x E1 (4 x 2M for MetroHopper)
¾Connects WBTS to Nokia microwave radio or Nokia GSM BTS
¾Allows combination of 2G (TDM) and 3G (ATM) traffic with a granularity of E1
¾RNC site - Flexbus interface is implemented using stand-alone AXC or FIU19" equipment
¾A BTS connects directly to Nokia Flexi/Metro Hopper with the Flexbus feature
¾2M cross-connection within one plug-in unit
¾TNC-connector 50 Ω (female)
IFUG

•Eight Ethernet interfaces.

•10baseT, RJ-45 connector.

•Can be used to connect


external equipment on the
AXC site to the common DCN.

15 © Nokia Siemens Networks RN33004EN10GLA0

IFUG
¾Eight Ethernet interfaces
¾10baseT, RJ-45 connector
¾Can be used to connect external equipment on the AXC site to the common DCN
IFUA and IFUD

16 © Nokia Siemens Networks RN33004EN10GLA0

IFUA
¾8 x E1/T1/JT1 interfaces
¾110 Ω / 120 Ω balanced TQ connectors
¾Inverse Multiplexing for ATM (IMA) support
¾fractional Interface (E1/T1/JT1)

IFUD
¾8 x E1 interfaces
¾75 Ω unbalanced BT 43 connectors
¾Inverse Multiplexing for ATM (IMA) support
¾Fractional interface (E1)

CES to map TDM traffic in ATM cells


¾Complete E1/T1/JT1 frame transported in ATM cells (unstructured)
¾Fractional E1/T1/JT1, only TDM timeslots transported within ATM cells (structured)
IFUH

• 2 x 10/100 BaseT Fast Ethernet with


RJ45 connectors
• 1 x Gigabit Ethernet with LC
connector
• Provides ATM over Ethernet
connection for Hybrid Backhaul
solution

17 © Nokia Siemens Networks RN33004EN10GLA0


FTM - flexi transport module

• FTM is the integrated transmission


equipment of the Flexi WCDMA
BTS.
• It is mechanically and electrically
connected to the System Module of
the Flexi WCDMA BTS.
• FTM is a separate sales item. It
meets the System Module for the
first time on the site.

18 © Nokia Siemens Networks RN33004EN10GLA0


FTM versions

FTIB (RU10) FTHA (RU10) FTEB (RAS05.1)

FTPB (RAS05.1)

FTOA (RAS05.1ED

FTJA (RAS06) FTIA (RAS05.1) FTFA (RAS05.1)


19 © Nokia Siemens Networks RN33004EN10GLA0
Flexi Transport Sub-modules

Module name Interfaces Availability Remarks


120/110/100 Ω,
FTPB 8xE1/T1/JT1 RAS05.1
RJ48c
FTEB 8xE1 coaxial RAS05.1 75 Ω, SMB
FTOA 1xSTM1/OC3 RAS05.1 ED 1xSFP, LC equipped
FTFA 2xFlexbus RAS05.1 TNC
4xE1/T1/JT1 RAS05.1 Optional Gigabit
FTIA Ethernet interface
2xFast Ethernet, Ethernet supported in
RAS06 (SFP)
1xGE RJ48C, RJ45, SFP (LC)

4xE1/T1/JT1
Support Timing over
FTIB 2xFast Ethernet, RU10
Packet
1xGE
FTHA 16xE1/T1 RU10 2xMDR68 connectors
4xE1 coaxial Optional Gigabit
FTJA RAS06 Ethernet interface
2xFast Ethernet,
(SFP)
1xGE SMB, RJ45, SFP (LC)

20 © Nokia Siemens Networks RN33004EN10GLA0


Inverse multiplexing for ATM

• IMA allows the combining of several physical links (E1 or T1/JT1, max. 8) to one
logical link

NIP1 AXC
IMA Group Link # 0 IMA Group
E1/JT1 E1/JT1

Link # 1

Single ATM cell stream E1/JT1 E1/JT1 Original ATM cell stream
from ATM layer to ATM layer

Link # 2
E1/JT1 E1/JT1

IMA virtual link

TX direction cells distributed across links in round robin sequence


RX direction cells recombined into single ATM stream

21 © Nokia Siemens Networks RN33004EN10GLA0

Inverse Multiplexing for ATM (IMA) is a method which provides a modular bandwidth for user access
to ATM networks and for connection between ATM network elements, at rates between the traditional
order multiplex level. An example is to achieve rates between the T1/E1 and T3/E3 levels in the
asynchronous digital hierarchies. T3/E3 links are not necessarily readily available throughout a given
network, and therefore the introduction of ATM Inverse Multiplexers provides an effective method of
combining the transport bandwidths of multiple links (such as T1/E1 links) grouped to collectively
provide higher intermediate rates.

The ATM Inverse Multiplexing technique involves inverse multiplexing and de-multiplexing of ATM cells
in a cyclical fashion among links grouped to form a higher bandwidth logical link whose rate is
approximately the sum of the link rates. This is referred to as an IMA group.

The picture above provides a simple illustration of the ATM Inverse Multiplexing technique in one
direction. The same technique applies in the opposite direction.

IMA groups terminate at each end of the IMA virtual link. In the transmit direction, the ATM cell stream
received from the ATM layer is distributed on a cell by cell basis, across the multiple links within the IMA
group. At the far-end, the receiving IMA unit recombines the cells from each link, on a cell by cell basis,
recreating the original ATM cell stream. The aggregate cell stream is then passed to the ATM layer.

The IMA interface periodically transmits special cells that contain information that permit reconstruction
of the ATM cell stream at the receiving end of the IMA virtual link after accounting for the link differential
delays, smoothing CDV introduced by the control cells, and so on. These cells, defined as IMA Control
Protocol (ICP) cells, provide the definition of an IMA frame.
WCDMA BTS - RNC connections

Connections
TCP/IP
WBTS IP Router AXC between WAM
C-NBAP
D-NBAP and AXC are
ATM Connection Table automatically
WAM UP
UP HW VPI VCI VCI VPI HW configured
CIF 1 0 30 33 0 IFUC
UP CIF 1 0 33 51 1 IFUC
AAL2 sig CIF 1 0 34 61 1 IFUC ATM VPCs
CIF 1 0 35 71 1 IFUC
TCP/IP CIF 1 0 36 121 1 IFUC
C-NBAP
CIF 1
CIF 1
0
0
37
38
122
123
1
1
IFUC
IFUC
NetAct
D-NBAP x x x x x x
WAM UP
UP
UP
AXU
AAL2 sig
TCP/IP
C-NBAP RNC
D-NBAP
WAM UP
UP
UP
AAL2 sig

To other BTSs ATM VCCs

22 © Nokia Siemens Networks RN33004EN10GLA0

C-NBAP
¾Connected to telecom master WAM. Uses AAL5 adaptation and QoS is CBR

D-NBAP
¾Connected to each WAM. Uses AAL5 adaptation and QoS is CBR

AAL2SIG
¾Connected to each WAM. Uses AAL5 adaptation and QoS is CBR

AAL2UP
¾1-3 User Plane VCs per WAM. Uses AAL2 adaptation and QoS is CBR

O&M (DCN)
¾Connected to SAR device in AXC. Uses AAL5 adaptation and QoS class is UBR
Combining WCDMA and GSM traffic
Both options
supported
GSM
BTS
Abis Shared PDH/SDH capacity
PDH/SDH
Iub (n x 2M & n x 64k Fractional E1)
Nokia
UltraSite
WDCMA
BTS

GSM
BTS
Abis Shared ATM capacity
(Unstructured & Structured
Iub Circuit Emulation Service)
Nokia ATM
UltraSite
WDCMA
BTS

23 © Nokia Siemens Networks RN33004EN10GLA0

TDM
¾Using external PDH and SDH equipment to add and drop different traffic interfaces (E1,STM-1,T1, etc.).
Nokia's MetroHub, DN2 or the GSM BTS DTRU/TRUA can perform these required cross-connections.
¾ATM traffic starts always with TS1 to TSn and then TSn+1 for TDM. A 64 kbit/s cross-connect is necessary
for changing TS. Advantage: existing GSM traffic does not have to be disturbed.

ATM
¾Using Circuit Emulation Service to add GSM (TDM) traffic to WCDMA (ATM) traffic. Disadvantage: GSM
transmission has to be interrupted before connecting it to the WCDMA transmission.
TDM links with fractional PDH interface
The physical link can be fibre, microwave, leased service, etc
BTS site:
• WCDMA BTS connected to GSM Abis
• WCDMA BTS supports ATM over Fractional Interface (E1/T1/JT1)
BSC/RNC site:
• TDM traffic (GSM + WCDMA) separated by TDM cross-connect Hub
• Possible ungroomed fractional E1 traffic is terminated in a standalone AXC

Combined Abis and Iub


TDM link (PDH/SDH)
HUB BSC
Fra
ctio
na
Fr lE
ac Full E1 1
ti on Fu
al ll
GSM E 1 Fractional E1 (partly filled) E1
BTS (n x 64 kbits/s)
WCDMA TDM cross-connect function
BTS (n x 64 kbits/s) RNC

24 © Nokia Siemens Networks RN33004EN10GLA0


Common ATM transport for GSM and UMTS traffic

BSC
GSM BTS
n x E1 or FB for GSM BTS
TRX TRX
COMMON
TRANSPORT ET
TRX TRX TRUA RRIC ON MICROWAVE
TRX TRX
Stand-alone
AXC

NIU SFU
WCDMA BTS
WAM AXC
WSP WSP WSP
...
IFU
WAM
WSP WSP WSP
RNC
...
FB from WCDMA BTS

25 © Nokia Siemens Networks RN33004EN10GLA0

Circuit Emulation Service (CES)


¾Unstructured service is intended to emulate a point-to-point E1 circuit
¾Structured service is intended to emulate a point-to-point Fractional E1 circuit
¾Fully synchronous service because of UMTS requirements
¾No Statistical Multiplexing Gain because of its CBR nature
¾Unstructured circuit emulation service might be used to perform E1 TDM cross connection within AXC,
e.g. from one E1 to Flexbus and vice versa
¾The link between GSM BTS and WCDMA BTS can be one or more E1/T1 connections. Any of them can be
fractional or full E1/T1 frames. Circuit Emulation is using AAL1 conversion and CBR QoS class.
¾At the RNC site shall be a CES Inter working Function which can be implemented with a standalone AXC.
AAL2 VC configuration without AAL2 multiplexing (1/2)

26 © Nokia Siemens Networks RN33004EN10GLA0

¾In basic configuration without AAL2 Multiplexing 1 AAL2SIG and 1-2 AAL2UP per WAM is
needed.
AAL2 VC configuration without AAL2 multiplexing (2/2)

ATM Cell ATM Cell


WAM 2

AAL2 ATM VC towards RNC


CID 12 CID 13

ATM Cell ATM Cell


WAM 4

AAL2 ATM VC towards RNC


CID 12
WAM 6

ATM Cell ATM Cell


AAL2 ATM VC towards RNC
CID 12 CID 13

27 © Nokia Siemens Networks RN33004EN10GLA0


BTS AAL2 multiplexing (1/2)

28 © Nokia Siemens Networks RN33004EN10GLA0

BTS AAL2 Multiplexing is an BTS feature that allows to concentrate the AAL2 Signalling VCs
and AAL2 User Data VCs between BTS and AXC to one VC on the IUB Interface. This reduces
the number of used AAL2-VCs between BTS and RNC, simplifies the network configuration
and provides a gain in transmission capacity using the statistical multiplexing effect.

Depending on the traffic mix and other parameters, the expected Iub transmission capacity
savings can be up to 30%.
BTS AAL2 multiplexing (2/2)

ATM Cell ATM Cell AAL2


WAM 2

CID 12 CID 13 Mux


AAL2 ATM VC towards RNC

ATM Cell ATM Cell ATM Cell ATM Cell


WAM 4

CID 20 CID 12 CID 20

ATM Cell ATM Cell


WAM 6

CID 21 CID 22

29 © Nokia Siemens Networks RN33004EN10GLA0

BTS AAL2 Multiplexing


BTS AAL2 Multiplexing multiplexes and concentrates individual AAL2 connections (CPS
packets) in AAL2 ATM VCs coming from different WAMs of a single Base Station into a
minimized number of AAL2 ATM VCs towards the RNC.
BTS AAL2 multiplexing - AXUB

AXUB consists of AXUA plus


AXUB a module called AAM (ATM
Adaptation Module): AXUB =
AXUA + AAM

AXUA

AAM Module

BTS AAL2 Multiplexing is connectors for


AAM module
enabled by taking AXUB into
operation instead of AXUA.
AXUB can be operated as
AXUA by simply not taking
AAM into operation.

30 © Nokia Siemens Networks RN33004EN10GLA0

¾In addition of HW difference, also SW works differently when AXUB is in use.


¾Nokia provides an AXUA to AXUB upgrade service.
STM-1 MSP protection

• Compliant with standard SDH MSP (Multiplex Section Protection)


• Against equipment failures (at the interface)
• Against point-to-point link failures

Working link

RNC Site

Protecting link

RNC Configuration:

Working STM-1 interface

Protecting STM-1 interface

31 © Nokia Siemens Networks RN33004EN10GLA0

Multiplex Section Protection (MSP)


The link protection method implemented since AXC C2.0 is the bidirectional MSP1:1 scheme
specified in ITU-T Recommendation G.841, chapter 7.1. Switching is non-revertive, that is, traffic is
not switched back to the original working facility even if the failure is corrected.

Note that RNC does not support MSP1:1 as such. For compatibility with the bidirectional MSP1:1
implemented in AXC C2.0, RNC supports the bidirectional MSP1+1 scheme specified in the TTC Rec.
JT-G783. This scheme is compatible with MSP1:N bidirectional switching, and thus also with the
standard ITU-T compliant bidirectional MSP1:1 implemented in the AXC C2.0.

The difference between MSP1:N and MSP1+1


The MSP1:N and MSP1+1 link protection methods are easily confused. In the case of MSP1:N, user
traffic is switched to the protecting interface only after any of the N working links fail (in C2.0 only
N=1 is possible). In MSP1+1, the user traffic is transmitted along two paths simultaneously. At the
receiving end, a selector is used to select the traffic from either the working or the protecting
section. (It is also possible to bridge any of the working sections to the protecting section in
MSP1:N. The receiving end, however, disregards the SDH payload in the protecting section until a
switch is requested by the transmitting end, that is, the switching is not automatic as in MSP1+1.)

RNC supports the non-revertive bidirectional MSP1+1 compatible with the bidirectional MSP1:N
protocol (JT-G783, section A.3.4.1).
Full Native IP/Ethernet Connectivity Solution in RU10

• Provides 3GPP compliant


IPv4 transport option for all RNC
interfaces
RNC
• Allows to use IP and/or Ethernet
connectivity from RNC towards to
– core networks (Iu-CS and Iu- Iur/IP
PCS), Iu-CS/IP
– other RNCs (Iur) and 3G BTS MGW
– base stations (Iub)
• New features available are: Iub/IP
RNC
Iu-PS/IP
– Gigabit Ethernet Interfaces 3G BTS SGSN
(optical and electrical)
– IP based Iu-PS, IP based Iu-CS
– IP based Iur
– IP based Iub

32 © Nokia Siemens Networks RN33004EN10GLA0


IP based Iu-CS
• 3GPP compliant IP transport option for Iu-CS
• Requires Ethernet interface unit at RNC

Iu-CS Control Plane Iu-CS User Plane Iu-CS Control Plane Iu-CS User Plane
RANAP Iu User Plane RANAP Iu User Plane
SCCP SCCP RTP RTCP
M3UA M3UA
SCTP AAL2 SCTP UDP
IP IP
AAL5
ATM Ethernet
SDH
Iu-CS/ATM Iu-CS/IP

33 © Nokia Siemens Networks RN33004EN10GLA0


IP based Iu-PS
• 3GPP compliant IP transport option for Iu-PS (packet switched)
• Requires Ethernet interface unit at RNC

Iu-PS Control Plane Iu-PS User Plane Iu-PS Control Plane Iu-PS User Plane
RANAP Iu User Plane RANAP Iu User Plane
SCCP GTP-U SCCP GTP-U
M3UA M3UA
SCTP UDP SCTP UDP
IP IP
AAL5
ATM Ethernet
SDH
Iu-PS/ATM Iu-PS/IP

34 © Nokia Siemens Networks RN33004EN10GLA0


IP based Iur
• 3GPP compliant IP transport option for Iur
• Requires Ethernet interface unit at RNC

Iur Control Plane Iur User Plane Iur Control Plane Iur User Plane
RNSAP FP Layer RNSAP FP Layer
SCCP SCCP RTP RTCP
MTP3-B M3UA
SSCF-NNI AAL2 SCTP UDP
SSCOP IP
AAL5
ATM Ethernet
SDH
Iur/ATM Iur/IP

35 © Nokia Siemens Networks RN33004EN10GLA0


IP based Iub for Flexi WCDMA BTS/UltraSite WCDMA
BTS

• Flexi WCDMA BTS, Ultrasite WCDMA BTS and RNC


support 3GPP Rel-5/Rel- 6 compliant Iub/IP protocol
stack via integrated Ethernet interfaces
• Based on IPv4 Iub Control Plane Iub User Plane

• Reduced planning and configuration effort due to NBAP FP Layer


complete absence of ATM layer
SCTP UDP
• Reduced maintenance costs, e.g. BTS rehosting is IP
basically just a change of an IP address
• Priority marking on IP (ToS/DSCP) and Ethernet (VLAN Ethernet
priority bits) layer
Iub/IP

Packet Network
Ethernet Ethernet

3G BTS RNC

36 © Nokia Siemens Networks RN33004EN10GLA0


Dual Iub for Flexi WCDMA BTS
Dual Iub allows Operator benefits
• offloading data traffic to alternative • significant cost savings in backhaul, like
Ethernet path using 3GPP Rel-5/Rel-6 with solution Hybrid Backhaul with Pseudo
compliant Iub/IP protocol stack Wires
• any Ethernet physical layer (e.g. DSL, ng- • no external pseudo wire gateway required
SDH, adaptive modulation microwave..) at RNC site
may be used • higher peak rates possible as with n*E1s
• ATM/TDM for delay critical R’99 voice and • BTS synchronisation is done via E1/T1
interfaces
data traffic as well as signaling traffic

ATM STM-1/
E1/T1 (TDM Network) OC3

Packet Network RNC


3G BTS Ethernet Ethernet

37 © Nokia Siemens Networks RN33004EN10GLA0


RNC Ethernet Physical Interface

New interface units for Iub, Iur and Iu: NP2GE


– 2 Gigabit Ethernet ports
▪ 1000 Base-LX (optical)
▪ 1000 Base-TX (electrical)
– 1+1 interface protection between two units
– max. 12 units in RNC

NP2GE

38 © Nokia Siemens Networks RN33004EN10GLA0


Basic Ethernet Switching
• Flexi WCDMA BTS provides Ethernet switching between 2 Ethernet ports in RAN74
IP based Iub mode
• Other base stations can be connected to the Flexi WCDMA BTS either from the
same location or daisy chained form different locations

BTS Chaining
example

BTS Flexi WCDMA


BTS

Controller
Packet
Network
Flexi WCDMA
BTS
BTS Collocation
example Shaping of the aggregated Ethernet traffic
will be available with the feature RAN1769
BTS Ethernet Switching RNC

39 © Nokia Siemens Networks RN33004EN10GLA0


Satellite Iub
Satellite links can be used for BTS backhaul for cases where conventional
transport is not available or economical not feasible, like
• for mobile BTSs, deployed for special/emergency situation in areas without any
transmission line/microwave access
• on islands, on mountains, in jungle or any other remote areas.
Iub is modified to cope with the characteristics of satellite links (increased delay,
loss ratio etc.), leading to certain performance degradation.

Please note:
Satellite transmitters, modems,
installation equipment etc. are
not part of this feature!

NB RNC
STM1
E1T1
satellite satellite
modem station modem
station

40 © Nokia Siemens Networks RN33004EN10GLA0


Timing over Packet
• Synchronization information, needed for running air interface with required
frequency accuracy, can be provided to BTSs over high quality packet network
(e.g. Metro Ethernet)
• Allows to keep costs low by obsolescing use of GPS or Hybrid Backhaul
(simultaneous usage of TDM and packet backhaul) for synchronization
Solution includes:
• Timing over Packet (ToP) Master Clock at RNC sending synchronization
information to BTSs. RNC site node can be used to connect ToP Master
• Functionality in BTS (ToP Slave) for recovering clock signal from Timing over
Packet data

IEEE1588v2 PTP (unicast)


1588
master

Ethernet
Packet Network Ethernet

Router
3G BTS

RNC

41 © Nokia Siemens Networks RN33004EN10GLA0

You might also like