International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology (IJCIET)

Volume 8, Issue 1, January 2017, pp. 929935 Article ID: IJCIET_08_01_109

Available online at http://www.iaeme.com/IJCIET/issues.asp?JType=IJCIET&VType=8&IType=1
ISSN Print: 0976-6308
6308 and ISSN Online: 0976-6316
0976

IAEME Publication Scopus Indexed

EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON
O MECHANICAL
PROPERTIES OF CONCRETE
CON (M30) BY ADDING
NATURAL FIBERS (JUTE FIBER)
Ravi Shankar Pasala
Post Graduate student,
student Department of Civil Engineering,
K L University, Andhra Pradesh, India

G. Lalitha
Associate Professor, Department of Civil Engineering,
K L University, Andhra Pradesh,
Prad India

ABSTRACT
This is an experimental study to investigate mechanical properties of concrete (M30) with
jute fiber adding to conventional cement concrete. To improve the properties of cement
concrete, in this experiment jute fiber is used to improve the ductility and tensile
t strength.
These results demonstrate a new approach to use natural fiber materials to enhance the
mechanical properties of concrete and reduce environmental waste pollution. Jute fiber is
cost-effective, environmentally friendly, moderately good mechanicalanical properties like more
tensile strength. For testing Cubes, cylinders and prisms of standard dimensions have been
taken as per code: IS 10086-1982.
10086 1982. The experimental work involves casting and testing of
concrete specimens using different ratios of jute fiber in place of cement like 1%, 2% and 3%
by weight. Jute fiber of 4cm length is taken. Tests were carried out at concrete ages of 7, 14,
and 28days. After a curing time of 28 days in water the samples were exposed to a temperature
of 40oC. It shows an increase in strength values up to 3% replacement by weight of cement and
afterwards decrease in strength was observed.
Key words: Jute Fiber, Cement, Mechanical Properties, Environmental Pollution, Tensile
Strength.
Cite this Article: Ravi Shankar Pasala and G. Lalitha, Experimental Study on Mechanical
Properties of Concrete (M30) by Adding Natural Fibers (Jute Fiber).
Fiber) International Journal of
Technology 8(1), 2017, pp. 929935.
Civil Engineering and Technology,
http://www.iaeme.com/IJCIET/issues.
http://www.iaeme.com/IJCIET/issues.asp?JType=IJCIET&VType=8&IType=1
ET&VType=8&IType=1

1. INTRODUCTION
One of the many challenges faced in developing countries like India is the issue of waste management.
So this paper focuses on utilization of some of natural fiber wastes like jute fiber. In this natural fiber
development and research of materials and methods in civil engineering department is to find results
are three most important
mportant aspects availability of material, financial constraints and environmental

http://www.iaeme.com/IJCIET/index.
IJCIET/index.asp 929 editor@iaeme.com
 Experimental Study onn Mechanical Properties of Concrete (M30) byy Adding Natural Fibers (Jute Fiber)

compatibility. Jute
ute fiber is 100% bio-degradable
bio degradable and recyclable; it eliminates pollution, conservation
of natural recourses. By using jute fiber, can help to reduce building cost and also help to preserve the
environment by optimizing the usage of plant and agricultural waste.waste. Jute fiber is used as a natural
fiber, reinforces cement compositions and improves resistance to cracks [1]. A kind of high
performance natural fiber with the characteristics of the high tensile strength, good toughness, low
price, etc. This product is widely used in concrete strengthening. Jute fiber is one of the most common
cultivating crops in many tropical countries like India, Bangladesh, West Africa, and Pakistan [2].
According to natural fiber cement concrete composites are most of suitable for shatter and earthquake
resistant construction, foundation,, floor for machinery in factories, fabrication of lightweight
light cement
based roofing and ceiling boards, Wall plaster, and Sustainable construction materials for low lo cost
housing [3]. This factor influence the mechanical properties of natural fiber [4]. Cement concrete
composites can be grouped into three major categories, these are first on the type and characteristics of
reinforcing fibers, second and third important factors are the nature of the
the cement base matrix and way
of mixing, casting and curing of these composites respectively. Therefore, suitable processing
techniques and parameters must be carefully selected in order to yield the optimum composite
products. This study further investigates
investigat the effect of jute fiber, jute on concrete properties as a means
of waste reduction and compare. The properties (strength) of normal concrete with the properties of
concrete mix containing these jute fibers
fiber [5]. Mainly this project aims to review the reported
re working
on the effects of fiber loading and process parameters on tensile properties of natural fiber composites.

2. MATERIALS
This experimental study involves casting and testing of concrete specimens and using different ratios
of natural jute fiber are used 1%, 2%, and 3%. The length of fiber is 4cm. For this experimental
experime work
the materials used opc cement of 53 Grade, sand as fine aggregate, coarse aggregate, water and jute
fiber.

A. Materials
1) Natural jute fiber (jute): It was locally available
available in India, Bangladesh and Pakistan. India is one of
the largest jute producing country. Jute is a natural
natu fiber with silky shine colorr and golden, and hence
it was called the golden fiber. Jute is an important role with a number of advantages. It has ha high
tensile strength, low density, good dimensional stability, harmlessness, less abrasive behavior of the
processing equipment. Jute has the ability to blend with other fibers, both natural and synthetic. Jute is
a low cost, eco-friendly
friendly product, moisture
moisture retention capacity, easy to transport [6]. As shown in below
fig.1.

Figure 1 Jute fiber

http://www.iaeme.com/IJCIET/index.
IJCIET/index.asp 930 editor@iaeme.com
 Ravi Shankar Pasala and G. Lalitha

Table 1 Mechanical properties of natural jute fiber

Tensile Youngs Specific Recycli

Natural Elongatio Density Specific modulus ng
strength modulus
fibre n (%) (g/cm3) Gravity Cost
(MPa) (GPa) (MPa)
Jute 393-773 26.5 1.5-1.8 1.3 1.29 38 Yes Low
2) Cement: Cement is generally used for bonding in concrete in construction industries. (OPC)
53grade (IS 12269:1987) is used in our work.
3) Fine aggregate: The river sand is used as fine aggregate conforming to the requirement of IS
383:1970. In this sand was screened and washed to eliminate unwanted deleterious material and over
size of sand particles. Maximum size is 4.75mm, Specific gravity 2.63 and Bulk density (kg/m3) 1530-
1600.
4) Course aggregate: The coarse aggregate of sieved size 20mm from crushed ballast rock, by
conforming to IS 383:1970 were used. The aggregate were free from vegetable matter, alkali and
other unwanted deleterious material. Maximum size is 20mm, water absorption 0.50% and Specific
gravity 2.74.
5) Concrete: Mix design involves that amount of cement, fine aggregate, and coarse aggregate for a
fixed w/c ratio to attain target strength. Concrete cube size of 150x150x150 mm was used to conduct
the compressive test. On this specimens were differentiated with respect to the type of fiber used and
the fiber content by weight of cement. Jute fiber is chosen as a natural fiber to replace by 1%, 2%, and
3% weight of cement. After mixing and pouring into the mould, the specimens were cured in water in
the curing tank before testing for 3, 7, and 28days. After that the specimens were left 24h for de-
moulding. They were then cured in water for at least 28days. At the end the curing period the
specimens was allowed to be dried in air of the curing period the specimens were allowed to be dried
in air for 24h before testing. It compares in M30 grade plain cement, natural jute cement concrete for
compressive, split tensile, flexural strength. Specimens for tests are of the following size cubes are of
150mmX150mmX150mm, beams are of 100mmX100mmX100mm, and cylinders are of height
300mm, DIA 150mm.

3. METHODOLOGY
Gathering of materials

Casting of concrete

Curing of specimens

Tests on specimens results

Results and conclusion

Report preparation

Figure 2 Methodology flow chart

http://www.iaeme.com/IJCIET/index.asp 931 editor@iaeme.com

 Experimental Study on Mechanical Properties of Concrete (M30) by Adding Natural Fibers (Jute Fiber)

4. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

In this experimental study natural fibers are added to the concrete and the effect on compressive (fig.
2) Strength, spilt tensile and flexural strength are observed. The test results are taken after 3, 7 and 28
days for conventional concrete and compared with jute fiber concrete.

A. Compressive strength results for cubes

Figure 3 Compressive strength

Table 2 Compressive strength of concrete specimen M30

GRADE OF MIX SPECIMEN STRENTH (N/mm2)
S.NO.
CONCRETE RATIO (%) 3rd day 7th day 28th day
1. M30 1:1.7:3.02 0% 19.52 24.51 29.60
2. M30 1:1.73:3.02 1% 22.67 26.85 39.24
3. M30 1:1.73:3.02 2% 30.95 21.8 31.39
4. M30 1:1.73:3.02 3% 22.6 23.98 22.67

45
40
35
Compressive strength

30
25 jute 0%
20
jute 1%
15
jute 2%
10
5 jute 3%
0
3 days 7 days 28 days

Number of Days

Figure 4 Compressive strength comparison chart

http://www.iaeme.com/IJCIET/index.asp 932 editor@iaeme.com

 Ravi Shankar Pasala and G. Lalitha

B. Tensile strength of concrete specimen M30

Figure 5 Tensile strength

Table 3 Tensile strength of concrete specimen M30

SPECIMEN STRENGTH (N/mm2)
GRADE OF MIX
(%)
S.NO CONCRETE RATIO 3rd day 7th day 28th day
1. M30 1:1.7:3.02 0% 1.38 1.52 1.80
2. M30 1:1.7:3.02 1% 1.415 2.26 2.55
3. M30 1:1.7:3.02 2% 2.26 1.98 2.40
4. M30 1:1.7:3.02 3% 3.25 1.84 2.12

3.5
3
Tensile strength

2.5
2 jute 0%
1.5 jute 1%
1 jute 2%
0.5
jute 3%
0
3 days 7 days 28 days

Number of days

Figure 6 Tensile strength comparison chart

http://www.iaeme.com/IJCIET/index.asp 933 editor@iaeme.com

 Experimental Study on Mechanical Properties of Concrete (M30) by Adding Natural Fibers (Jute Fiber)

C. Flexural strength of concrete specimen M30

Fig (a) Fig (b)

Figure 7(A & B) Flexural strength

Table 4 Flexural strength of concrete specimen M30

STRENGTH (Nmm2)
GRADE OF MIX SPECIMEN
S.NO. 3rd 7th 28th
CONCRETE RATIO (%)
DAYS DAYS DAYS
1. M30 1:1.7:3.02 0% 4.57 5.31 5.88
2. M30 1:1.7:3.02 1% 5.3 5.88 6.24
3. M30 1:1.7:3.02 2% 5.8 6.0 6.43
4. M30 1:1.7:3.02 3% 6.8 5.8 6.19

8
7
6
Flexural atrength

5
jute 0%
4
3 jute 1%
2 jute 2%
1 jute 3%
0
3 days 7 days 28 days

Number of days

Figure 8 Flexural strength comparison chart

5. CONCLUSIONS
In test results natural fiber (jute) added to concrete is showing better results. It acts as a crack arrester in
concrete due to its good tensile strength.
Natural fibers (jute) are low cost, light weight, and are easily available as compared to other fibers.
A significant increase in the maximum strain is observed due to increase in ductility of natural fiber.

http://www.iaeme.com/IJCIET/index.asp 934 editor@iaeme.com

 Ravi Shankar Pasala and G. Lalitha

For 1% and 2 % of jute the compression, tension and flexural test results are increasing with increases
with time.
But for 3% of jute the compression, tension and flexural results are decreasing with increases with time.

REFERENCES
[1] S.Prakash chandar, C. Jai balaji, Experimental study on the mechanical properties of concrete
mixed with jute fiber and steel fiber, vol: 02 Issue: 02|May-2015.
[2] Mohammad Zakaria, Mashud ahmed, Md.Mozammel Hoque and abdul Hannan Effect of jute yarn
on the mechanical behaviour of concrete composites, DOI 10.1186/s40064-015-1504-7 (Zakaria et
al.Springer plus (2015)4:731).
[3] Sumit Chakraborty, Sarada Prasad Kundu, Aparna Roy, Ratan Kumar Basak, Basudam Adhikari,
S.B. Majumder. Improvement of the mechanical properties of jute fiber reinforced cement mortar:
A statistical approach, Construction and Building Materials 38(2013) 776-784.
[4] Tushar Sonar, Shirish Patil, Vikram Deshmukh, Rishi Achatya Natural Fiber Reinforced Polymer
Composite Material-A Review, (NCIEST-2015) e-ISSN: 2278-1684, p-ISSN: 2320-334X PP142-
147.
[5] Olaoye, R.A., Olutemi, J.R., and Ajamu, The Use of Fiber Waste as Complement in Concrete for a
Sustainable Environment, S.O. vol.4, no.9, 2013.
[6] Rahul R. Kshatriya, Vikas L.Kumavat, Mansi S. Kothalkar, Chetan C. Chaudhaty, Roshan A.
Khode, Chetan N. Mahale, Sanyogita S. Pawar Use and development of jute fiber in reinforced
cement concrete grade M40, Vol.No.2, Issue 03, March 2016.
[7] J. Kim, C. Park, Y. Choi, H. Lee and G. Song. An Investigation of Mechanical Properties of Jute
Fiber-Reinforced Concrete, HPFRCC 6, pp. 75-82. RILEM 2012.
[8] H. Ku, H. Wang, N. Pattarachaiyakoop, M. Trada. A review on the tensile properties of natural
fiber reinforced polymer composites, Composites: Part B 42 (2011) 856-873
[9] X. Y. Liu, G. C. Dai, Surface modification and micromechanical properties of jute fiber mat
reinforced polypropylene composites, Vol.1. No.5 (2007) 299-307.
[10] M. Ramesh, K. Palanikumar, K. Hemachandra Reddy, Mechanical property evaluation of sisal-
jute-glass fiber reinforced polyester composites, Composites: Part B 48 (2013) 1-9.
[11] Prof. Ganesh V Tapkire, Prof. Hemraj R Kumavat and Prof. Vikram J Patel, An Experimental
Investigation on Mechanical Properties of Mortar with Admixture, International Journal of Civil
Engineering and Technology, 7(2), 2016, pp. 226233
[12] Ahmed Sahib Mahdi, Mohammad Sukri Mustapa, Mohd Amri lajis and Mohd warikh abd Rashid,
Effect of Holding Time on Mechanical Properties of Recycling Aluminium Alloy Aa6061 through
Ball Mill Process, International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Technology, 6(9), 2015, pp.
133-142
[13] Somashekara Koushik Ayalasomayajula, Examining The Mechanical Properties of Annealed and
Not Annealed Multilayer Film (Polyethylene/ Polyethylene Terephthalate/ Polyethylene) by
Dynamic Mechanical Analysis (DMA), International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and
Technology, 6(10), 2015, pp. 32-38
[14] Arfin Jahan, M. Mahubur Rahman, Humayun Kabir, Md. Alamgir Kabir, Farid Ahmed, Md. Abul
Hossain, Md. Abdul Gafur, Comparative Study of Physical And Elastic properties of Jute And
Glass Fiber Reinforced LDPE Composites, ISSUE 10, NOVEMBER 2012 (ISSN 2277-8616).
[15] Igor M. De Rosa, Carlo Santulli, Fabrizio Sarasini, Marco Valaente, Post-impact damage
characterization of hybrid configurations of jute/glass polyester laminates using acoustic emission
and IR thermography, Composites science and Techonology (2009) 1142-1150.

http://www.iaeme.com/IJCIET/index.asp 935 editor@iaeme.com