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In this assignment, student will be exposed on how to design a sewer system. The details
about the design specification were stated in the question provided. This project will cover the
design process of sewer system for new mixed commercial and residential house.
Sewerage can be defined as collection, treatment and disposal of liquid waste. The design
of sewer system can be divided into preliminary investigations and detailed design requirements.
The data needed for preliminary investigations is detailed maps or aerial photography. The
easements, the location to which sewerage is to be taken and quantity of pipe in sizes.
The data needed in for detailed design requirements is underground study. Preparation of
drawing require knowledge on the location of all underground structures, profiles of all streets,
maximum water surface and invert of all streams, culvert and ditches.
Design Procedures
Layout the sewer: Draw a line to represent the proposed sewer in each street or alley to be
served. Near of on the line; indicate by an arrow the direction in which the wastewater is to flow.
Except in special cases, the sewer should slope with the surface of the street. It is usually more
economical to plan the system so that the wastewater from any street will flow to the point of
disposal by the most direct (and, consequently; the shortest) route. In general, the laterals
connect with the mains and these; in turn connect with the trunk sewer, which leads to the point
i. Changes in direction;
ii. Changes in slope;
iii. At pipe junctions with the exception of building connections;
iv. At the upper end and ends of all laterals for cleansing and flushing the lines; and
v. At intervals from 90 to 120 m or less, as required. Give each manhole an identification
number.
Establishing the limits of the service area: Sketch the limits of the service areas. Search the limits
of the service area for each lateral. If a single lateral will be required to accommodate an area
larger than can be served by the minimum size of sewer with the minimum slope the area should
be subdivided further. Where the streets are laid out assume that the limits are midway between
them. If the street layout is not shown on the plan, the limits of the different service areas cannot
SAMPLE CALCULATION
1. The sample calculation for column 10 which is the sewage flow are shown as below:
Sewage flow (L/day) = 250 (L/c/day) x 87 (column 9)
= 21750 (L/day)
2. The sample calculation for column 11 which is the sewage of flow after infiltration loss
3
m 1 1 1
days s L
Sewage of flow ( min ) = (21750-5.75) (L/day) x 24 x 60 x 1000
m3
= 0.0151 ( min )
3. The sample calculation for column 12 which is the sewage of flow rate with peak factor
m3 m3
Sewage of flow rate with peak factor min = 0.0151 min ) x 2.5
( ) (
= 0.04
4. The sample calculation for column 16 which is the sewage of flow are shown as below:
upper mainhole ( coumn13 )lower mainhole(column 14)
Grade of sewer = length(column 5)
60 m57.5m
= 90 m
= 0.02778
5. The sample calculation for column 17 which is the fall of sewer are shown as below:
Fall of sewer (m) = length (m) x grade of sewer
= 115m x 0.03565
= 4.10m
6. The sample calculation for column 18 which is the velocity flowing full are shown as
below:
2
m3 diameter of pipe ( mm ) 3
Velocity flowing full ( )=
s
1
0.013
( 1000 ) grade of sewer
2
200 ( mm ) 3
=
1
0.013
(
1000 )
0.03565
m3
= 4.97 ( ) s
7. The sample calculation for column 19 which is the capacity flowing full are shown as
below:
m3
The formula for capacity of flowing full min ) is given as below;
(
)( )
mm
= 60 velocity flowing full m 3
(
diameter of pipe
1000 )
s ( 2
2
( )
mm
= 60 4.97 m3
( 200
1000 )
s( ) 2
m3
= 9.37 min )
(
m3
sewage of flow rate with peak factor ( )
Q min
=
8. Q full m3
capacity of flowing full ( min )
m3
0.04( )
min
= m3
9.37
min ( )
= 0.004 ~ 0.00
V
9. Velocity =
velocity flowing full (m 3/ s )
V full
= 0.25 * 4.97
= 1.24 m/s
73.90
73.00
72.00
69.90
68.00 LEVEL
GROUND 66.20 SEWER LEVEL
Elevation (m)
63.70
64.20
63.00
59.00
58.00
0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400
Length (m)
General
Rates shall include for: levelling, Grading,
Trimming, Compacting to faces of excavation,
keeping sides plumb, backfilling, consolidating
and disposing surplus soil.
Site Clearing
Clearing site including trees less than 0.5m girth
complete with stumps and roots.
Excavation
Excavation quantities are measured to the faces of
concrete members. Rates shall include for all
additional excavation required to place the
formwork.
MATERIAL COST
General
Rates for work in project shall include for piping,
fittings, equipment and similar all fixings to
various material
MACHINERIES
COST
General
Rates for heavy
equipment refers
to heavy-duty
vehicles, specially
design for
executing
2 construction tasks, 8 month 8116 129856
involving
2 earthwork 8 month 7845 125520
operations
1 8 month 8200 65600
Excavator
Backhoe
Compactor
Skill Worker
Unskill Worker
Total Cost (RM) 645750.61
DISCUSSION
Based on the data given, the cost estimated of the project is Rm 645750.61. The pipe used is cast
iron sewer pipe. It can resistance high pressure of water flow. Furthermore, it has good
connection between the fittings. If there is no or less maintenance on the pipe for a long period of
The area tributary to each line is shown by the red lines on the drawings. The boundaries are
determined by field inspection of the location of the building and lot lines. All of the lines have
tributary area, it means that the flow is distributed evenly on the surrounding area and infiltration
From tabulation of data and result, the velocity of all the manholes exceeds 0.6 m/s. It shows that
the velocity have passed the minimum required in the sewer design. There are 26 numbers of
manholes that have been designed for this project. The manhole is located at the end of the road
so it can easily well maintain. With the suitable location of the manhole, it can prevent flood.
Appendices
m3
2. sewage of flow ( min )=sewage flow ( dayL ) 241 day 601 s 1000
1
L
m3 m3
3. sewage of flow rate with peak factor (
min
)=sewage of flow ( )
min
x 2.5
2
diameter of pipe ( mm ) 3
6. velocity flowing full
m3
( )
s
=
1
0.013
(
1000 )
grade of sewer
7.
2
mm
capacity of flowing full ( )m3
min
=60 velocity flowing full
m3
s ( )
( ( diameter of pipe
2
1000 ) )
m3
sewage of flow rate with peak factor ( )
Q min
=
8. Q full m3
capacity of flowing full ( min )
V
9. V full *get from graph in Figure 1
V
10. Velocity =
velocity flowing full (m 3/ s )
V full
Figure 1 ratio of hydraulic mean radius, velocity and flow