INTELLIGENT TRAFFIC LIGHT AND DENSITY CONTROL USING

IR SENSORS AND MICROCONTROLLER

A PROJECT REPORT

Submitted by

Maria Rasathi.J (953312105014)

Muthu mari.G (953312105020)
Muthuramalakshmi.C (953312105021)
Vinitha.S (953312105038)
in partial fulfillment for the award of the degree

of

BACHELOR OF ENGINEERING
in

ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING

UNNAMALAI INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, KOVILPATTI

ANNA UNIVERSITY:: CHENNAI 600 025

APRIL 2016

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 ANNA UNIVERSITY: CHENNAI 600 025

BONAFIDE CERTIFICATE

Certified that this project report INTELLIGENT TRAFFIC LIGHT

AND DENSITY CONTROL is the bonafide work of

MARIARASATHI.J(953312105014), MUTHU MARI.G(953312105020),

MUTHURAMALAKSHMI.C(953312105021), VINITHA.S(953312105038)

who carried out the project work under my supervision.

SIGNATURE SIGNATURE

Mrs.Sivakami.P, M.E., Mr.SankarGuru.G, B.E

HEAD OF THE DEPARTMENT SUPERVISOR

Assistant Professor
Department of EEE Department of EEE
Unnamalai Institute of Technology, Unnamalai Institute of Technology,
Kovilpatti 628502 Kovilpatti 628502
Tuticorin(Dt) Tuticorin(Dt)

Submitted for the Project Viva Voce held on _________________

INTERNAL EXAMINER EXTERNAL EXAMINER

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 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

We express our sincere gratitude to the Management, the Head of the

Institution, Dr. R. Shanmugam M.E., Ph.D., FIE, MIEEE, MIWS, MISTE
Professor and Head of the EEE Department Mrs. P.Sivakami, M.E., for
encouraging and providing all the necessary facilities to carry out this project.

We express our heartful and sincere thanks to the guide

Mr.SankarGuru.G., B.E., Assistant Professor of the EEE Department who

motivated us, to carry out this project successfully.

We express our heartful thanks to all the staff members who involved

directly or indirectly to make this project more purposeful.

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 ABSTRACT
This paper presents an intelligent trafc control system to pass

emergency vehicles smoothly. Each individual vehicle is equipped with special

radio frequency identication (RFID) tag (placed at a strategic location) , which

makes it impossible to remove or destroy. We use RFID reader , NSK EDK-

125TTL, and PIC16F877A system-on-chip to read the RFID tags attached to

the vehicle. It counts number of vehicles that passes on a particular path during

a specied duration. It also determines the network congestion , and hence the

green light duration for that path. If the RFID tag - read belongs to the stolen

vehicle, then a message is sent using GSM SIM300 to the police control room.

In addition, when an ambulance is approaching the junction, it will communicate

to the trafc controller in the junction to turn ON the green light. This module uses

ZigBee modules on CC2500 and PIC16F877A system - on - chip for wireless

communications between the ambulance and trafc controller. The prototype was

tested under different combinations of inputs in our wireless communication

laboratory and experimental results were found as expected.

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TABLE OF CONTENTS
CHAPTER No. TITLE PAGE No.

ABSTRACT iv
LIST OF FIGURES vii
LIST OF TABLES viii
LIST OF ABBREVATION ix

1. INTRODUCTION 1

2. LITERATURE SURVEY 2

3. PROBLEM DESCRIPTION
3.1.BLOCK DIAGRAM 5
3.2.BLOCK DIAGRAM DESCRIPTION 7
3.2.1.POWER SUPPLY 7
3.2.2.MICROCON TROLLER 7
3.2.3.PUSH BUTTON 7
3.2.4.MHz CRYSTAL 8
3.2.5.LED 8
3.2.6.LM234 8
3.2.7.RF MODULE 8
3.3.CIRCUIT DIAGRAM 9
3.3.1.RECEIVER 10
3.3.2.TRASMITTER MODULE 13
3.3.3.CIRCUIT DIAGRAM
DESCRIPTION 13

V
4. HARDWARE DESCRIPTION

4.1.MICROCONTROLLER 19
 4.1.1.FEATURES 20
4.1.2.MEMORY ORGANIZATION 21
4.1.3.WATCH DOG TIMER 22
4.2.89S52 PIN DIAGRAM 27
4.3.IR SENSOR 30
4.4.LM324 DRIVER CIRCUITS 31
4.5.RF MODULE 35
4.5.1.RF TRANSMITTER 35
4.5.2.RF RECEIVER 37

5. SOFTWARE SECTION

5.1.KEIL SOFTWARE 41
5.1.1MAIN WINDOW 41
5.1.2.SELECTION WINDOW 42
5.1.3.CREATE WINDOW 43
5.1.4.DEVICE SELECT WINDOW 43
5.1.5SELECT TARGET WINDOW 44
5.1.6.STANDARD WINDOW 44
5.1.7.TARGET WINDOW 45
5.1.8.FILE WINDOW 46
5.1.9.TEXT WINDOW 47
5.1.10.SOURCE GROUP WINDOW 48
5.2.COADING SOFTWARE 49
5.3.CONTROL AND COORDINATION 51
5.4.FLOWCHART 52

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6. APPLICATIONS AND ADVANTAGES 53

 6.1.APPLICATION 53
6.2.ADVANTAGES 53

7. CONCLUSION 54

8. FUTURE SCOPE 55

9. REFERRENCE 57

vii

LIST OF FIGURES
FIGURE No. NAME OF THE FIGURE PAGE No.
1. BLOCK DIAGRAM OF TRANSMITTER 1 5
2. BLOCK DIAGRAM OF TRANSMITTER 2 5
3. BLOCK DIAGRAM OF RECEIVER 6
4. PIN DIAGRAM OF RECEIVER 11
5. CIRCUIT DIAGRAM OF RECEIVER 12
6. BLOCK DIAGRAM OF MICROCONTROLLER 24
7. 89S52 PIN DIAGRAM 27
8. IR SENSOR WORKING DIAGRAM 31
9. LM324 PIN DIAGRAM 32
10. LM324 DRIVER CIRCUIT DIAGRAM 34
11. RF MODULE:
TRANSMITTER MODULE 36
RECEIVER MODULE 38
12. MAIN WINDOW 41
13. SELECTION WINDOW 42
14. CREATE WINDOW 42
15. DEVICE SELECT WINDOW 43
16. SELECT TARGET WINDOW 44
17. STANDARD WINDOW 44
18. TARGET WINDOW 45
19. FILE WINDOW 46
20. TEXT WINDOW 47
21. SOURCE GROUP WINDOW 48
22. CONTROL AND COORDINATION 51
23. FLOW CHART 52
24. IR RAYS 55

Viii
LIST OF TABLES

S.No NAME OF THE TABLE PAGE No.

1. PIN DESCRIPTION OF LM324 32

 ix
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS

GSM Global System Mobile

LED Light Emitting Diode
PCB Printed Circuit Board
LM Linear Monolithic
IR Infra Red
WDT Watch Dog Timer
RF Radio Frequency
DC Direct Current
AC Alternating Current
GMT Ground
NO Normally Open
NC Normally Closed