1

In this chapter we intend to study an important branch of

mathematics called trigonometry. It is the science of measuring
angle of triangles, side of triangles.
Angle : -
A
B
q
O
Consider a ray OA if this ray rotate about its end point O and takes the
position OB then we say that the angle AOB has been generated.
Measure of an angle : The measure of an angle is the amount of
rotation from initial side to the terminal side.
NOTE :
Relation between degree and radian measurement
p radians = 180 degree
radian measure
17
= degreemeasure
180
degree measure
=180radianmeasure

1 = 60 (60 minutes)
1 = 60 (60 seconds)
Example 1 :
Find radian measure of 270.
Solution :
Radian meausre
3
= 270
180 2
pp
=
Example 2 :
Find degree measure of
5
9
p
.
Solution :
degree measure
180 5 100
9
p
p=
=
Example 3 :
If the arcs of same length in two circles subtend angles of
60 and 75 at their centres. Find the ratio of their radii.
Solution :
60 60
180 3
p c p c = = and
5
75 75
180 12
p c p c = =
\
12
5
and
3 12
= = =
Q
sssc
rrr
pp
q
13
rs
p
= and 2
5
12
rs
p
=
12
5
3 12
rr
pp
=
4r1 = 5r2 r1 : r2 = 5 : 4
Trigonometric ratios :
The most important task of trigonometry is to find the remaining
side and angle of a triangle when some of its side and angles are
given. This problem is solved by using some ratio of sides of a
triangle with respect to its acute angle. These ratio of acute angle
are called trigonometric ratio of angle. Let us now define various
trigonometric ratio.
AMX
Y
x
y
r
P
q
Consider an acute angle YAX = q with initial side AX and terminal
side AY. Draw PM perpendicular from P on AX to get right angle
triangle AMP. In right angle triangle AMP.
Base = AM = x
Perpendicular = PM = y and
Hypotenuse = AP = r.
r2 = x2 + y2
r = x2 + y2
We define the following six trigonometric Ratios:
sin q =
Perpendicular
Hypotenuse
y
r
=
cos q =
Base
Hypotenuse
=x
r
tan q =
Perpendicular
Base
y
x
=
cosec q =
Hypotenuse
Perpendicular
=r
y
sec q =
Hypotenuse
Base
=r
x
cot q =
Base
Perpendicular
x
y
=

4
CHAPTER
TRIGONOMETRY
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2
Important formula:-
1. sin2q + cos2 q = 1 2. cosec2q cot2 q = 1 3. sec2q + tan2 q = 1
4.
T-ratio
q
3
sin q
cos q
tan q
cosec q
sec q
cot q
0 30 45 60 90
0
1
Not
defined
Not
defined
1
0
2
1
2
2
1
3
2
0
Not
defined
1
Not
defined
0
11
2
1
2
3
2
3
2
1
2
1
2
1
3
2
3
2
3
1
3
5. sin (90 q) = cos q . 6. cos (90 q) = sin q. 7. tan (90 q) = cot q cot (90 q) = tan
q.
8. cosec (90 q) = sec q. 9. sec (90 q) = cosec q.
RELATION AMONG T-RATIONS
sin q cos q tan q cot q sec q cosec q
sin q sin q 1- cos2q 2
tan
1 tan
q
+q2
1
1+ cot q
2sec 1
sec
q
q
-1
cosec
cos q 1- sin2q cos q 2
1
1+ tan q 2
cot
1 cot
q
+q
1
secq
2
1
cosec -1
cosec
tan q 2
sin
1 sin
q
-q
1 cos2
cos
q
q
- tan q
1
cotq
2sec q
-
1
2
1
cosec q -1
cot q
1 sin2
sin
q
q
-
2
cos
1 cos
q
-q
1
tanq cot q 2
1
sec q -1
cosec21
sec q 2
1
1- sin q
1
cosq
1- tan2q
1 cot2
cot
q
q
+ sec q 2
cosec
cosec 1
cosec q
1
sinq 2
1
1- cos q
1 tan2
tan
q
q
+ 1+ cot2q 2
sec
sec 1
q
q-
cosec q
3
Example 4 :
In a D ABC right angled at B if AB = 12, and BC = 5 find
sin A and tan A, cos C and cot C
Solution :
BA
C
5
13
12
AC = (AB)2 +(BC)2
= 122 + 52
= 144 + 25
= 169 = 13
When we consider t-ratios of A we have
Base AB = 12
Perpendicular = BC = 5
Hypotenuse = AC = 13
sinA = Perpendicular 5
Hypotenuse 13
=
tan A = Perpendicular 5
Base 12
=
When we consider t-ratios of C, we have
Base = BC = 5
Perpendicular = AB = 12
Hypotenuse = AC = 13
cos C = Base 5
Hypotenuse 13
=
cot C = Base 5
Perpendicular 12
=
Example 5 :
In a right triangle ABC right angle at B if sin A =
3
5 find all
the six trigonometric ratios of C
Solution :
sinA = Perpendicular 3
Hypotenuse 5
=
BA
C
3
4
5
Base = (Hypotenuse)2 (Perpendicualr)2
= 52 - 32
= 25 - 9 = 16 = 4
Now
sin C =
BC 4
AC 5
= , cosec C =
5
4
cos C =
3 AB,
5 AC
= sec C =
5
3
tan C =
AB 4,
AC 3
= cot C =
3
4
.
Example 6 :
Find the value of 2 sin2 30 tan 60 3cos2 60 sec2 30
Solution :
121222233
223
-

=
2133143132
4 43 2 2
-
-=-=
Example 7 :
Find the value q, 2 sin 2 q = 3
Solution :
sin 2q =
3
2
2q = 60
q = 30
Example 8 :
Find the value of x.
tan 3x = sin 45 cos 45 + sin 30
Solution :
tan 3x =
111
222
+
=
111
22
+=
tan 3x = 1 tan 3x = tan 45
3x = 45
x = 15
Example 9 :
If q is an acute angle tan q + cot q = 2 find the value of tan7
q + cot7 q.
Solution :
tan q + cos q = 2
tan q +
12
tan
=
q
tan2 q + 1 = 2 tan q
tan2 q 2 tan q + 1 = 0
(tan q 1)2 = 0
tan q = 1
q = 45
Now, tan7 q + cot7 q.
= tan7 45 + cot7 45
=1+1=2
Example 10 :
Find the value of
cos37
sin53
4
Solution :
We have
cos37 cos(90 53 ) sin 53 1
sin53 sin53 sin 53
-
===

Example 11 :
Find the value of
sin36 sin 54
cos54 cos36

Solution :
We have
=
sin36 sin 54
cos54 cos36

=
sin(90 54 ) sin(90 36 )
cos54 cos36
- -
-

=
cos54 cos36
cos54 cos36

=11=0
Example 12 :
Evaluate the cot 12 cot 38 cot 52 cot 60 cot 78
Solution :
We have
cot 12 cot 38 cot 52 cot 60 cot 78
= (cot 12 cot 78) (cot 38 cot 52) cot 60
= [cot12 cot (90 12)] [cot 38 cot (90 38)] cot 60
= [cot 12 tan 12] [cot 38 tan 38] cot 60
=
1111
33
=
Example 13 :
If tan 2q = cot (q + 6), where 2q and q + 6 are acute angles
find the value of q.
Solution :
We have
tan 2q = cot (q + 6)
cot (90 2q) = cot (q + 6)
90 2 q = q + 6
3q = 84
q = 28
Example 14 :
Find the value of (1 sin 2q) sec2 q.
Solution :
We have,
(1 sin2 q) (sec2 q)
= cos2 q sec2 q
= cos2 q 2
1
cos q
=1
Example 15 :
11
1 sin 1 sin
+
+q-q
find its value
Solution :
We have
11
1 sin 1 sin
+
+q-q=( ) ( )
1 sin 1 sin
1 sin 1 sin
- q+ + q
+q-q
=2
22
2 2 2sec .
1 sin cos
==q
-qq
Example 16 :
Find the value of
1 sin
1 sin
-q
+q
Solution :
( )( )
()()
1 sin 1 sin 1 sin
1 sin 1 sin 1 sin
-q-q-q
=
+q+q-q
=
( )2
2
1 sin
1 sin
-q
-q
=
1 sin
cos
-q
q=
1 sin
cos cos
q
-
q q = sec q tan q.
Example 17 :
Find the value of [(1 + cot q) cosec q] [1 + tan q + sec q]
Solution :
(1 + cot q cosec q) (1 + tan q + sec q)
=
1 cos 1 1 sin 1
sin sin cos cos
q q + - + + q q q q
=
sin cos 1 cos sin 1
sin cos
q + q - q + q +
q q
=
(sin cos )2 1
sin cos
q+ q -
qq
=
sin2 cos2 2sin cos 1
sin cos
q+q+qq-
qq
=
1 2sin cos 1
sin cos
+qq-
qq=
2sin cos
sin cos
qq
qq=2
Example 18 :
If sin 3
5
q = , find the value of sin q cos q.
Solution :
sin q =
3
5
cos q = 1- sin2 q
=
3241
55
-=

sin q cos q =
3 4 12
5 5 25
=
5
Example 19 :
If cos q =
1
2
, find the value if 2
2sec .
1 tan
q
+q
Solution :
cos 1
2
q=
sec q = 2
22
2sec 2sec 2 2 1
1 tan sec sec 2
qq
====
+qqq
Example 20 :
If tan 12
5
q = , find the value of
1 sin
1 sin
+q
-q
Solution :
tan 12
5
q=
sec q = 1+ tan2 q
=
12 2 1
5
+

=
13
5
cos 5
13
q=
sin 1 cos2 12
13
q=-q=
thus
1 12 25 1 sin 13 13 25
1 sin 1 12 1
13 13
+q+
===
-q-
Example 21 :
If
22
sin a 0 90
ab
q=<q<
+
find the value of
tan q.
Solution :
22
sin a
ab
q=
+
cos q = 1- sin2 q
22
222222
cos 1 a b b
ababab
q=-==
+++
tan sin
cos
q
q=
q=
22
22
a
aba
bb
ab
+=
+
HEIGHT AND DISTANCE
Sometimes, we have to find the height of a tower, building, tree,
distance of a ship, width of a river, etc. Though we cannot measure
them easily, we can determine these by using trigonometric ratios.
Line of Sight
The line of sight or the line of vision is a straight line from our eye
to the object we are viewing.
If the object is above the horizontal from the eye, we have to lift
up our head to view the object. In this process, our eye move
through an angle. This angle is called the angle of elevation of
the object.
Eye Angle of elevation
q
If the object is below the horizontal from the eye, then we have to
turn our head downwards to view the object. In this process, our
eye move through an angle. This angle is called the angle of
depression of the object.
q
Angle of depression
Line of sight
Ball
Eye
Example 22 :
A person observed the angle of elevation of the top of a
tower is 30. He walked 40 m towards the foot of the tower
along level ground and found the angle of elevation of the
top of the tower as 60 Find the height of tower.
Solution :
Let height of tower AB = x m and BC = y m, DC = 40 m.
In DABC,
30 60
D 40m C y B
x
A
6
= tan 60
BC
AB
3
3yx
y
x = = ....(i)
Now In rt D ABD, = tan30
BD
AB
3
1
40 y
x=
+

3x = 40 + y 3
3x = 40 + x [using (i)]
3x = 40 3 + x 3x - x = 40 3 2x = 40 3
x = 20 3m
Example 23 :
As observed from top of a light house 100 m. high above
sea level, the angle of depression of a ship sailing directly
toward it changes from 30 to 45. The distance travelled by
the ship during the period of observation is
Solution :
Let y be the required distance between two positions O
and C of the ship
In rt. DABC,
A
B
30 45
45 30
OyCx
Light house
100 m
Top
cot 45 = 100
x
x = 100 (i)
In D AOB, =
+
cot 30
100
yx
y + x = 100 3 y =100 3 - x
y = 100 3 -100 [using (i)]
y = 100( 3 -1)
y = 100(1.732 -1) = 1000.732 = 73.20 m.
Example 24 :
A 25 m long ladder is placed against a vertical wall of a
building. The foot of the ladder is 7 m from the base of the
building. If the top of the ladder slips 4 m, then the foot of
the ladder will slide by how much distance.
Solution :
Let the height of the wall be h.
P
Q
R
h
25
7
4
xS
Now, h = 252 72
= 576 = 24m
QS = 625 400
= 225 =15m
Required distance, x = (15 7) = 8 m
7
1. If tan q = 1, then find the value of
33
8sin 5sin
sin 2cos 7cos
q+ q
q- q+ q
(a) 2 (b)
21
2
(c) 3 (d)
4
5
2. If q be a positive acute angle satisfying cos2 q + cos4 q = 1,
then the value of tan2 q + tan4 q is
(a)
3
2
(b) 1
(c)
1
2
(d) 0
3. The value of tan4. tan43. tan47. tan86 is
(a) 0 (b) 1
(c) 3 (d)
1
3
4. If tan 15 = 2 - 3 , the value of tan 15. cot 75 + tan 75 .
cot 15 is.
(a) 14 (b) 12
(c) 10 (d) 8
5. The value of (sin2 1 + sin2 3 + sin2 5 + .......+
sin2 85 + sin2 87 + sin2 89)
(a)
21 1
2
(b) 22
(c)
22 1
2
(d)
23 1
2
6. If sin q cos q =
7
13 and 0 < q < 90, then the value of sin q
+ cos q is.
(a)
17
13 (b)
13
17
(c)
1
13 (d)
1
17
7. The minimum value of cos 2q + cos q for real values of q is
(a) 9/8 (b) 0
(c) 2 (d) None of these
8. If 5 tan q 4 = 0, then the value of
5sin 4 cos ?
5sin 4cos
q- q
=
q+ q
(a)
5
3 (b)
5
6
(c) 0 (d)
1
6
9. The value of tan6 20 33 tan4 20 + 27 tan2 20 is :
(a) 2 (b) 3
(c) 4 (d) 5
10. If tan q =
1,
7
then
22
22
cosec sec ?
cosec sec
q- q
=
q+ q
(a)
5
7 (b)
3
7
(c)
1
12
(d)
3
4
11. If
y 2sin
1 cos sin

then 1 cos sin

1 sin

is equal to
(a) 1/y (b) y
(c) 1 y (d) 1 + y
12. A person, standing on the bank of a river, observes that the
angle subtended by a tree on the opposite bank is 60; when
he retreates 20m from the bank, he finds the angle to be 30.
The height of the tree and the breadth of the river are
(a) 10 3 m, 10 m (b) 10 ; 10 3 m
(c) 20 m, 30 m (d) None of these
13. If q is an acute angle such that tan2 q =
8
7 , then the value of
( )( )
( )( )
1 sin 1 sin
1 cos 1 cos
+q-q
+q-q
is
(a)
7
8 (b)
8
7
(c)
7
4
(d)
64
49
14. If 3 cos q = 5 sin q, then the value of
3
3
5sin 2sec 2cos
5sin 2sec 2cos
q-q+q
q+q-q
is equal to
(a)
271
979 (b)
376
2937
(c)
542
2937 (d) None of these
15. If x sin3 q + ycos3 q = sin qcos q and x sin q = ycos q ,
then x2 + y2 =
(a) 1 (b) 2 (c) 0 (d) None
16. If 1 + sin2 A = 3 sin A cos A, then what are the possible
values of tan A?
(a) 1/4, 2 (b) 1/6, 3
(c) 1/2, 1 (d) 1/8, 4
17. The value of
33
33
cos 20 cos 70
sin 70 sin 20
-
-
is
(a)
1
2
(b)
1
2
(c) 1 (d) 2
8
18. If
22
22
cosec 30 . sec 45
8cos 45 . sin 60
x

= tan2 60 tan2 30, then x = ?

(a) 1 (b) 1
(c) 2 (d) 0
19. If q + f = ,
6
p
what is the value of ( 3 + tan q)
( 3 + tan f) ?
(a) 1 (b) 1
(c) 4 (d) 4
20. If q is an acute angle such that sec2 q = 3, then
22
22
tan cosec
tan cosec
q- q
q+ q
is
(a)
4
7 (b)
3
7 (c)
2
7 (d)
1
7
21. What should be the height of a flag where a 20 feet long
ladder reaches 20 feet below the flag (The angle of elevation
of the top of the flag at the foot of the ladder is 60)?
(a) 20 feet (b) 30 feet
(c) 40 feet (d) 20 2 feet
22. If q & 2q 45 are acute angles such that sin q = cos (2q 45)
then tan q is equal to
(a) 1 (b) 1
(c) 3 (d)
1
3
23. If 5q & 4q are acute angles satisfying sin 5q = cos 4q then 2
sin 3q 3 tan 3q = ?
(a) 1 (b) 0
(c) 1 (d)
1
3
24. A vertical pole with height more than 100 m consists of two
parts, the lower being one-third of the whole. At a point on
a horizontal plane through the foot and 40 m from it, the
upper part subtends an angle whose tangent is
1
2
. What is
the height of the pole ?
(a) 110 m (b) 200 m
(c) 120 m (d) 150 m
25. If sec q + tan q = x, then sec q = ?
(a)
x2 1
x
+
(b)
21
2
x
x
+
(c)
21
2
x
x
-
(d)
x2 1
x
-
26. The correct value of the parameter t of the identity
2( sin6x + cos6x) + t (sin4x + cos4x) = 1 is:
(a) 0 (b) 1
(c) 2 (d) 3
27. If a cos q b sin q = c, then a cos q + b sin q = ?
(a) a2 + b2 + c2 (b) a2 + b2 - c2
(c) c2 - a2 - b2 (d) None of these
28.
tan tan
sec 1 sec 1
qq
+
q - q + is equal to
(a) 2 tan q (b) 2 sec q
(c) 2 cosec q (d) 2 tan q . sec q.
29. If a cos q + b sin q = m and a sin q b cos q = n, then
a2 + b2 =
(a) m2 n2 (b) m2 n2
(c) n2 m2 (d) m2 + n2
30. The angular elevation of a tower CD at a place A due south
of it is 60 ; and at a place B due west of A, the elevation is
30. If AB = 3 km, the height of the tower is
(a) 2 3 km (b) 3 6 km
(c)
33
2
km (d)
36
4
km
31. If sin a + cos b = 2 (0< b < a < 90), then sin
2
3
a +b =
(a) sin
2
a
(b) cos
3
a
(c) sin
3
a
(d) cos
2
3
a
32. If cos4 q sin4 q
2
3
= , then the value of 2 cos2q 1 is
(a) 0 (b) 1
(c)
2
3
(d)
3
2
33. If sin a sec (30 + a) = 1 (0 < a < 60), then the value of
sin a + cos 2a is
(a) 1 (b)
23
23
+
(c) 0 (d) 2
34. The minimum value of 2 sin2 q + 3 cos2 q is
(a) 0 (b) 3
(c) 2 (d) 1
35. If cosec 39 = x, the value of 2
1
cosec 51 + sin2 39+ tan2 51
22
1
sin 51 sec 39
-
is
(a) x2 -1 (b) 1- x2
(c) x2 1 (d) 1 x2
36. If A = sin2 q + cos4q, for any value of q, then the value of A is
(a) 1 < A < 2 (b)
3
4
<A<2
(c)
13
16
< A < 1 (d)
3
4
<A<
13
16
37. If tan 2q, tan 4q = 1, then the value of tan 3q is
(a) 3 (b) 0
(c) 1 (d)
1
3
9
38. If tan (q1 + q2) = 3 and sec (q1 q2)
2
3
= , then the value
of sin 2q1 + tan 3q2 is equal to (assume that 0 < q1 q2 < q1
+ q2 < 90)
(a) 0 (b) 3
(c) 1 (d) 2
39. If secq =
1
4
x
x
+ (0 < q < 90), then sec q + tan q is equal to
(a)
2
x
(b) 2x
(c) x (d)
1
2x
40. If x = a secq cos f, y = b secq sin f, z = c tan q, then, the
value of
222
222
xyz
abc
+ - is :
(a) 1 (b) 4
(c) 9 (d) 0
41. If sec tan 5 ,
sec tan 3
qq
qq
+
=
-
then sin q is equal to :
(a)
1
4
(b)
1
3
(c)
2
3
(d)
3
4
42. If 0
2
p
q and sec2 q + tan2 q = 7 , then q is
(a)
5
12
p
radian (b)
3
p
radian
(c)
5
p
radian (d)
6
p
radian
43. The simplest value of
sin2x + 2 tan2x 2 sec2 x + cos2 x is
(a) 1 (b) 0
(c) 1 (d) 2
44. A kite is flying at a height of 50 metre. If the length of string
is 100 metre then the inclination of string to the horizontal
ground in degree measure is
(a) 90 (b) 60
(c) 45 (d) 30
45. From the top of a light-house at a height 20 metres above
sea-level, the angle of depression of a ship is 30. The
distance of the ship from the foot of the light-house is
(a) 20 m (b) 20 3m
(c) 30 m (d) 30 3 m
46. If x = a sin q and y = b tanq then prove that
22
22
ab
xy
- is
(a) 1 (b) 2
(c) 3 (d) 4
47. If 2y cosq = x sinq and 2x secq y cosecq = 3, then the
relation between x and y is
(a) 2x2 + y2 = 2 (b) x2 + 4y2 = 4
(c) x2 + 4y2 = 1 (d) 4x2 + y2 = 4
48. If secq + tan q = 3 , then the positive value of sinq is
(a) 0 (b)
1
2
(c)
3
2
(d) 1
49. The radian measure of 631451 is
(a)
2811
8000
p

c
(b)
3811
8000
p

c
(c)
4811
8000
p

c
(d)
5811
8000
p

c
50. If
44
22
cos sin 1
cos sin
aa
+=
bb
, then the value of
44
22
cos sin
cos sin
bb
+
aa
is
(a) 4 (b) 0 (c)
1
8 (d) 1
51.
sin cos 1
sin cos 1
q-q+
q+q-
where
2
pq
is equal to
(a)
1 sin
cos
+q
q (b)
1 sin
cos
-q
q
(c)
1 cos
sin
-q
q (d)
1 cos
sin
+q
q
52. The angles of elevation of the top of a tower standing on a
horizontal plane from two points on a line passing through
the foot of the tower at a distance 9 ft and 16 ft respectively
are complementary angles. Then the height of the tower is
(a) 9 ft (b) 12 ft
(c) 16 ft (d) 144 ft
53. If sin2a = cos3a, then the value of (cot6a cot2a) is
(a) 1 (b) 0
(c) 1 (d) 2
54. The simplified value of
(1 + tanq + secq) (1 + cotq cosecq) is
(a) 2 (b) 2
(c) 1 (d) 1
55. The value of sin 53 cot 65
cos 37 tan 25

is
(a) 2 (b) l
(c) 3 (d) 0
56. The value of cos 60 + sin 60
cos 60 sin 60
is
(a) 1 (b) 3 + 2
(c) (2 + 3 ) (d) 3 2
57. The value of
22
cot 5 .cot10 .cot15 .cot 60 .cot 75 .cot 80 .cot 85
(cos 20 cos 70 ) 2

++
is
(a) 9
3
(b) 1
9
(c)
1
3
(d) 3
9
10
58. In a triangle, the angles are in the ratio 2 : 5 : 3. What is the
value of the least angle in the radian ?
(a)
20
p (b)
10
p
(c)
2
5
p
(d)
5
p
59. If x = a cos q b sin q, y = b cos q + a sin q, then find the
value of x2 + y2.
(a) a2 (b) b2
(c)
2
2
a
b
(d) a2 + b2
60. If tan a + cot a = 2, then the value of tan7a + cot7a is
(a) 2 (b) 16
(c) 64 (d) 128
61. From 125 metre high towers, the angle of depression of a
car is 45. Then how far the car is from the tower ?
(a) 125 metre (b) 60 metre
(c) 75 metre (d) 95 metre
62. The value of
cos3 sin3
cos sin
q+ q
q+ q +
cos3 sin3
cos sin
q- q
q- q is equal to
(a) 1 (b) 1
(c) 2 (d) 0
63. The shadow of a tower standing on a level plane is found to
be 30 m longer when the Sun's altitude changes from 60 to
45. The height of the tower is
( )
(a) 15 3 + 3 m (b) 15( 3 +1)m
(c) 15( 3 -1)m (d) 15(3 - 3)m
64. If sin 17 =
x
y
, then sec 17 sin 73 is equal to
(a) 2 2
y
y - x (b)
2
22
y
 x y - x

(c) 2 2
x
y y - x

(d)
2
22
x
y y - x

65. If q is a positive acute angle and cosec q + cot q = 3 , then

the value of cosec q is
(a)
1
3
(b) 3
(c)
2
3
(d) 1
66. If cos a + sec a = 3 , then the value of cos3 a + sec3 a is
(a) 2 (b) 1
(c) 0 (d) 4
67. If sin q + cos q = 2 cos q, then the value of cot q is
(a) 2 +1 (b) 2 -1
(c) 3 -1 (d) 3 +1
68. The value of sin21 + sin22 + sin23 + .... + sin289 is
(a) 22 (b) 44
(c)
22 1
2
(d) 44
2
1
1 (a) 11 (b) 21 (b) 31 (b) 41 (a) 51 (a) 61 (a)
2 (b) 12 (a) 22 (a) 32 (c) 42 (b) 52 (b) 62 (c)
3 (b) 13 (a) 23 (b) 33 (a) 43 (c) 53 (a) 63 (a)
4 (a) 14 (a) 24 (c) 34 (b) 44 (d) 54 (b) 64 (d)
5 (c) 15 (a) 25 (b) 35 (c) 45 (b) 55 (b) 65 (c)
6 (a) 16 (c) 26 (d) 36 (b) 46 (a) 56 (c) 66 (c)
7 (a) 17 (c) 27 (b) 37 (c) 47 (b) 57 (d) 67 (a)
8 (c) 18 (a) 28 (c) 38 (d) 48 (b) 58 (d) 68 (d)
9 (b) 19 (c) 29 (d) 39 (b) 49 (a) 59 (d)
10 (d) 20 (d) 30 (d) 40 (a) 50 (d) 60 (a)
ANSWER KEY
11
1. (a) tan q = 1
sec q = 1+ tan2 q
= 1+1
=2
cos 1
2
q=
sin q = 1- cos2 q
=
2111
22

-=

Now, 3 3
8sin 5sin
sin 2cos 7 cos
q+ q
q- q+ q
=33
8151
22
12171
222
+
- +

=
85
2
127
22222
+
-+
=
(8 5)
2
1 2 14
22
+
-+=
13 2 2
13

=
2. (b) Given, cos2 q + cos4 q = 1
or, cos4q = 1 cos2 q [Q sin2 q + cos2 q = 1]
cos4 q = sin2 q.
or, 1 =
2
22
sin . 1
cos cos
q
qq
tan2q. sec2 q =1
or, tan2 q. (1 + tan2q) = 1 [Q sec2q tan2 q =1]
or, tan2 q + tan4 q =1
3. (b) tan4. tan 43. tan 47. tan 86
= tan 4 . tan 43 . tan (90 43) tan (90 4)
= tan 4 . tan 43. cot 43 cot 4 [Qtan (90 q) = cot q]
= tan 4 tan 43
11
tan 43 tan 4


cot 1
tan
q = q
Q
=1
4. (a) tan 15 . cot 75 + tan 75 . cot 15
= tan 15 . cot (90 15) + tan (90 15) cot 15
= tan 15 . tan 15 + cot 15 . cot 15
= (tan 15)2 + (cot 15)2
= (tan 15)2 +
( )2
1
tan15
Putting the value of tan 15 = 2 - 3
=
2
(2 3)2 1
23

- +
-
=
2
(2 3)2 1 2 3
2323
+
-+
-+
=
2
(2 3)2 2 3
43
+
- + -
= (2 - 3)2 + (2 + 3)2
= 222 + ( 3)2 [Q (a + b)2 + (a b)2 = 2 (a2 + b2)]
= 2 ( 4 + 3) = 2 7 = 14
5. (c) To find total number of terms
First term = 1, last term = 89, common diff = 2.
an = a1 + (n 1)d
89 = 1 + (n 1)2
88 = (n 1)2
n 1 = 44
45 terms.
Now, sin2 1 + sin2 3 + sin2 5+.......... + sin2 85
+ sin2 87 + sin2 89
= (sin2 1 + sin2 89) + (sin2 3 + sin2 87) + ..... 22 terms
+ sin2 45
= (sin2 1 + cos2 1) + (sin2 3 + cos2 3) + ..... 22 terms
+
21
2

= (1 + 1 + ........... 22 terms) +
1
2
=
22 1
2
+=
22 1
2
6. (a) (sin q + cos q)2 + (sin q cos q)2
= (sin2 q + cos2 q) + 2 sin q . cos q + (sin2 q + cos2 q)
2 sin q . cos q.
=1+1=2
So, (sin q + cos q)2 + (sin q cos q)2 = 2
or, (sin q + cos q)2 +
722
13
=

or, (sin q cos q)2 = 2

49 289
169 169
=
sin q + cos q =
17 2 17 .
13 13
=

7. (a) Let S = cos 2q + cos q = 2cos2 q -1+ cosq

= 21 1 1
1 2 cos cos
2 16 8
- + q + q + -
=
9 1 29
2 cos
848
- + q + -
So, the minimum value S = 9/8

HINTS & EXPLANATIONS

12
8. (c) Given, 5 tan q 4 = 0
tan q =
4
5
Expression,
()
()
5sin 4cos
cos 5 tan 4
5sin 4cos 5tan 4
cos
q- q
qq-=
q+ q q +
q
=
544
5
544
5
-
+
=
4400
448
-
==
+
9. (b) 3 = tan 60 = tan(3 20)
-
-
=
1 3tan 20
3tan 20 tan 20
2
3
Squaring, , tan 20 t
1 9t 6t
3 9t t 6t4 2
264
=
+-
+-
=
t6 - 33t4 + 27t2 = 3
tan6 20 - 33tan4 20 + 27 tan2 20 = 3
10. (d) Given, tan q =
1
7
sec q =
2
1 tan2 1 1 8
77

+q=+=

cosec q =
8
sec 7 8
tan 1
7
q
==
q
\
()
()
2
2
22
222
2
88
cosec sec 7
cosec sec 8 8
7

- q - q =
q+ q
+

=
881168777
881881
777
--
==
++

=
63
84
=
11. (b)
1 cos sin
1 sin
- a+ a
+ a = 1 cos sin
1 sin
- a+ a
+a
.1
cos sin
1 cos sin
+ a+ a
+ a+ a
=
(1 sin )2 cos2
(1 sin ) (1 cos sin )
+a-a
+ a + a+ a
=
(1 sin2 2sin ) (1 sin2 )
(1 sin )(1 cos sin )
+ a+ a - - a
+ a + a+ a
=
2sin (1 sin )
(1 sin ) (1 cos sin )
a+a
+ a + a+ a =
2sin
1 cos sin
a
+ a+ a = y
12. (a) From right angled Ds ABC and DBC,
we have
tan 60 =
BC
AB
and tan 30
BC
DB
=

h
3
x
=
30 60
20 m x
DAB
C
h
and
1h
3 x 20
=
+
h=x3
and h =
x 20
3
+

x 20
x3
3
+
= 3x = x + 20 x = 10 m
Putting x = 10 in h = 3 x, we get h = 10 3
Hence, height of the tree = 10 3m and the breadth of
the river = 10 m.
13. (a)
( )( )
( )( )
2
2
1 sin 1 sin 1 sin
1 cos 1 cos 1 cos
+q-q-q
=
+q-q-q
=
2
2
cos
sin
q
q
=2
117
tan 8 8
7
==
q
.
14. (a) Given, 3 cos q = 5 sin q tan q =
3
5.
sec q =
2
1 tan2 1 3
5
+q=+

=
25 9 34
25 5
+
=.
In expression, dividing the numerator & denominator
by cos q,
=
4
4
5 tan 2sec 2
5tan 2sec 2
q-q+
q+q-
=
4
4
5 3 2 34 2
55
5 3 2 34 2
55

- +

+ -

=
3 2 1156 2
625
3 2 1156 2
625
-+
+-
=
5 2312
625
1 2312
625
-
+
=
813 271
2937 979
=
15. (a) We have, x sin3 q + ycos3 q = sin qcos q ....(i)
and x sin q = ycos q ...(ii)
13
Equation (i) may be written as
x sin q.sin2 q + ycos3 q = sin qcos q
ycos qsin2 q + ycos3 q = sin qcos q
ycos q(sin2 q + cos2 q) = sin qcos q
ycos q = sin qcos q
\ y = sin q ...(iii)
Putting the value of y from (iii) in (ii), we get
x sin q = sin q.cos q x = cos q ...(iv)
Squaring (iii) and (iv), and adding , we get
x2 + y2 = cos2 q + sin2 q = 1
16. (c) In the given equation,
1 + sin2 A = 3 sin A cos A
Dividing both sides by cos2A,
We get
2
22
1 sin A 3. sinA
cos A cos A cosA
+=
sec2A + tan2 A = 3tanA
1+ tan2 A + tan2 A = 3tanA
2 tan2 A - 3 tanA +1 = 0
2 tan2 A 2 tan A tan A + 1= 0
2 tan A (tan A 1) 1(tan A 1) = 0
(2tan A 1) (tan A 1) = 0

tan A 1 ,1
2
=
17. (c) cos 20 = cos(90 70) = sin 70
cos 70 = sin 20
\
33
33
cos 20 cos 70
sin 70 sin 20
-
-
=
33
33
sin 70 sin 20 1
sin 70 sin 20
-
=
-
18. (a)
222
2
22
2 .( 2) ( 3) 1
1338
22
x
= -

or,
42318133
24
x
=-

891
33
x-
=
or,
88
33
x=
x =1
19. (c) Given that q + f = 6
p
tan (q + f) = tan 6
p
tan tan 1
1 tan tan 3
q+ f
=
-qf
3 tan q + 3 tan f = 1- tan qtanf ...(1)
( 3 + tan q) ( 3 + tan f)
= 3 + 3 tan q + 3 tan f + tanqtan f
= 3 + 1 tan q tan f + tan q tan f = 4
20. (d) sec2 q = 3 sec q = 3
tan2 q = sec2 q 1 = 3 1 = 2
cosec2 q =
2
2
sec 3
tan 2
q
=
q
Now,
22
22
2 3 tan cosec 23
tan cosec 2
2
q-q-
=
q+ q +
=
1
1 27
7
2
=
21. (b) In DABD,
BD
tan 60
AB
=

h
3
AB
=
D
C
h
20
AB
20
60
AB h
3
=
h AB 3
3
=
Now, in DABC
AC2 = AB2 + BC2

2
202 h (h 20)2
3

=+-
h2 + 3h2 120h = 0
4h2 120h = 0
h (h 30) = 0
h = 0 or 30
h = 0 not possible
h = 30 ft
22. (a) sin q = cos ( 2q 45)
or, cos (90 q) = cos (2q 45)
90 q = 2q 45
q = 45
\ tan q = tan 45 = 1
23. (b) Given, sin 5q = cos 4q = sin (90 4q)
5q = 90 4q
q = 10
2 sin 3q 3 tan 3q
= 2 sin 30 3 tan 30
=2
1
2

31
3
= 1 1 = 0.
14
24. (c) Let h be the height of pole, upper portion CD subtend
angle q at A.
Then, tan
1
2
q=
Let lower part BC subtend angle f at A then
In D ABC,
q
f
AB
C
D
40
h/3
2h/3
tan BC
AB
f==
h/3 h
40 120
=
In D ABD,
tan( ) BD
AB
q+ f =
tan tan h
1 tan tan 40
q+ f
=
-qf

1h
2 120 h
1 h 40
240
+
=
-

2(60 h) h
(240 h) 40
+
=
-
80 (60 + h) = 240 h h2 4800 + 80 h = 240 h h2
h2 160 h + 4800 = 0 (h 120) (h 40) = 0
h = 120
[h = 40 is discarded, since h > 100 is given]
25. (b) Given, sec q + tan q = x .....(i)
sec2 q tan2 q = 1
(sec q tan q) (sec q + tan q) = 1
or sec q tan q =
11
sec tan x
=
q+ q .....(ii)
Adding (i) & (ii), we get
2 sec q = x +
1 x2 1
xx
+
=
2 1 sec
2
x
x
+
q=
26. (d) Given identity
2(sin6x + cos6x) + t (sin4x + cos4x ) = 1
2[(sin2x + cos2x)3 3 sin2x cos2x (sin2x + cos2x)
+ t[(sin2x + cos2x)2 2sin2x cos2x] = 1
[Q(a + b)3 = a3 + b3 + 3ab (a + b)
and (a + b)2 = a2 + b2 + 2ab
where a = sin2x, b = cos2x]
2[1 3sin2x cos2x] + t[1 2 sin2x cos2x] = 1
2 6 sin2x cos2x + t 2t sin2x cos2x = 1
= t (1 2 sin2x cos2x) = 3 (1 2 sin2x cos2x)
t = 3.
27. (b) (a cos q b sin q)2 + (a cos q + b sin q)2
= a2 cos2 q + b2 sin2 q 2ab sin q cos q + a2
cos2 q + b2 sin2 q + 2ab cos q. sin q.
= a2 (cos2 q + sin2 q) + b2 (sin2 q + cos2 q)
= a2 1 + b2 1
= a2 + b2.
\ (a cos q b sin q )2 + (a cos q + b sin q )2 = a2 + b2.
c2 + (a cos q + b sin q)2 = a2 + b2
a cos q + b sin q = a2 + b2 - c2
28. (c)
tan 1 1
sec 1 sec 1
q + q - q +
=
tan sec 1 sec 1
(sec 1)(sec 1)
q++q-
qq-q+
=2
tan 2sec
sec 1
q
q
q-
=2
tan 2sec
tan
q
q
q
=
2sec 2
tan cos sin
cos
q
=
q q q
q
=
2
sin q = 2 cosec q.
29. (d) (a cos q + b sin q)2 + (a sin q b cos q)2 = m2 + n2.
a2 cos2 q + b2 sin 2 q + 2ab cos q. sin q + a2 sin2 q + b2
cos2 q + 2 ab sin q. cos q = m2 + n2.
or a2 (cos2 q + sin2 q) + b2 (sin2 q + cos2 q)
= m2 + n2.
or a2 + b2 = m2 + n2
(
30. (d) In D ACD, we get AC = h cot 60 = h. 1 / 3 ) , In DBCD,
BC = h cot 30 = h 3 .
Therefore, from rightangled
triangle BAC,
we have
BC2 = AB2 + AC2
() 2
22 h h 3 (3)
3

=+
30
3 km
60
A
C
h
B
D

h2
3h 9
3
2= + 8 2
h9
3
=
h2 =
27
8
h=
33
22
km =
36
4
km
31. (b) sina + cosb = 2
sina < 1 : cosb < 2
a = 90 ; b = 0
\ sin
2
3
a +b
= sin
180
3


15
= sin 60
3
2
=
3
cos cos30
32
a
==
32. (c) cos4q sin4q =
2
3
(cos2q + sin4q ) (cos2qsin2q) =
2
3
cos2q sin2q =
2
3
cos2q (1 cos2q)
2
3
=
2cos2q 1
2
3
=
33. (a) ( )
sin 1
cos 30
a
a
=
+
( )
sin 1
sin 90 30
a
a
=
-
( )
sin 1
sin 60
a
a
=

sin a = sin (60 a)

a = 60 a
2a = 60 a = 30
\ sin a + cos 2a
= sin 30 + cos 60
111
22
=+=
34. (b) 2 sin2q + 3cos2q
= 2 sin2q + 2cos2q + cos2q
= 2 (sin2q + cos2q) + cos2q
= 2 + cos2q
\ Minimum value of cosq = 1
\ Required minimum value = 2 + 1 = 3
35. (c) 2 2
2
1 sin 39 tan 51
cosec 51
+ +

22
1 1
sin 51 .sec 39
=

= sin2 51 + sin2 39 + tan2(90 39)

22
1
sin (90 39 ).sec 39
-

= cos2 39 + sin2 39 + cot2 39 2 2

1
cos 39 .sec 39
-

[\sin (90 q) = cos q, tan (90 q) = cot q]

= 1 + cot2 39 1
= cosec2 39 1 = x2 1
36. (b) When q = 0
sin2q + cos4q = 1
When q = 45,
sin2q +cos4q
113
244
=+=
When q = 30
sin2 + cos4 q
1 9 13
4 16 16
=+=
37. (c) tan 20
1
tan 4q
= = cot 4q
tan 2q = tan (90 4q)
2 q = 90 4q
6q = 90 q = 15
\ tan 3q = tan 45 = 1
38. (d) tan (q1 + q2) = 3 = tan 60
q1 + q2 = 60 and sec (q1 q2)
2
3
= = sec 30
q1 q2 = 30
\ q1 = 45 and q2 = 15
\ sin 2q1 + tan 3q2
= sin 90 + tan 45
=1+1=2
39. (b) sec q
4 21
4
x
x
+
=
tan q 2 = sec q -1
224 1 1
4
x
x
+
=-
() ()
()
222
2
414
4
xx
x
+-
=
(2 1)(2 1) 4 2 1
44
xxx
xx
+--
==
\ sec q + tan q
4 21 4 21
44
xx
xx
+-
=+
4 21 4 21
4
xx
x
++-
=
28
2
4
x
x
x
==
40. (a) x = a sec q. cos f; y = b secq. sin f; z = c tan q
222
222
xyz
abc
\+-
222
2
a sec cos
a
=qf
2222
22
b sec sin c tan
bc
2q f q
+
= sec2 q. cos2 f + sec2 q. sin2 f tan2 q
= sec2 q (cos2 f + sin2 f) tan2 q
= sec2 q tan2 q = 1
16
41. (a)
sec tan 5
sec tan 3
qq
qq
+
=
-
5 sec q 5 tan q = 3 sec q + 3 tan q
2 sec q = 8 tan q

tan 2 1
sec 8 4
q
q
==

sin 1
cos
cos 4
q
q
q
=

1
sin
4
q=
42. (b) sec2q + tan2q = 7
1 + tan2 + tan2q = 7
(Q 1 + tan2q = sec2q)
tan2 q =
6
2
=3
tan q = 3
tan q = 3 or tan q = 3
As 0 < q < p/2
\ q = tan1 3
3
p
q=
43. (c) sin2x + 2 tan2 q 2sec2x + cos2x
sin2x + cos2 x 2 (sec2 x tan2 x)
1 2 (1) = 1
44. (d)
100m 50m
q
sinq =
50m
100m
=1
2
q = 30
45. (b) tan 30
20
x
=
1 20
3x
=
30
20m
30
x = 20 3m x
46. (a)
22
22
ab
xy
=
22
2 sin2 2 tan2
ab
aqbq
-
cosec2q cot2q = 1
47. (b) 2y cos q = x sin q
sin 2y cos
x
q= q
And 2x sec q y cosec q = 3
2 sec 3
sin
xq-y=
q
23
cos 2 cos
x yx
y
-=
qq
3cos 3 cos
22
q = x q = x
Now sin2 q + cos2 q = 1
2
2 1
4
y+x=
4y2 + x2 = 4
48. (b) sec2 q tan2 q = 1
(sec q + tan q) (sec q tan q) = 1
3(sec tan ) 1 sec tan 1
3
q - q = q - q = ...(1)
secq + tan q = 3 (Given) ...(2)
Adding eqns. (1) and (2)
2sec 3 1 2sec 4 sec 2
333
q=+q=q=
cos 3 sec 1
2 cos
\ q = q = q
Q
Therefore, sin q = 1- cos2 q
131
42
-=
49. (a)
51 ' 63 14'
60

[1 minute = 60 seconds]
17 ' 297 ' 297 63 14 63 63
20 20 20 60
+ +
[1 degree = 60 minutes]
75897 75897 radian
1200 1200 180
p

2811
8000
c p

50. (d)
44
22
cos sin 1
cos sin
aa
+=
bb
cos4 a sin2 b + sin4 a cos2 b = cos2 b sin2 b
cos4 a (1 cos2 b) + cos2 b (1 cos2 a)2 = cos2 b
(1 cos2 b)
cos4 a cos4 a cos2 b + cos2 b 2 cos2 a
cos2 b + cos4 a cos2 b = cos2 b cos4 b
cos4 a 2 cos2 a cos2 b + cos4 b = 0
(cos2 a cos2 b)2 = 0
cos2 a = cos2 b
sin2 a = sin2 b
Then,
44
22
cos sin
cos sin
bb
+
aa
17
2222
22
cos cos sin sin
cos sin
ba+ba
aa
cos2 b + sin2 b = 1
51. (a) sin cos 1
sin cos 1
q-q+
q+q-
Dividing Numerator and Denominator by cos q
sin cos 1
cos cos cos tan 1 sec
sin cos 1 tan 1 sec
cos cos cos
qq
-+q-+qqqq
q+q-q+-q
qqq
(tan sec ) (sec2 tan2 )
tan sec 1
q+qq-q

q-q+
(tan sec )[1 sec tan ] tan sec
tan sec 1
q+q-q+q
q+ q
q-q+
sin 1
cos cos
q
+
qq
1 sin
cos
+q

q
52. (b) In DABC
tan
9
a = h ...(1)
In DABD
tan
16
b=h
A
h
ab
B9C
16
a + b = 90 (given)
b = 90 a
since tan
16
b=h
tan(90 ) cot or tan 16
16 16
hh
h
- a = a = a = ...(2)
From eqn. (1) and (2)
16 2 16 9 12feet.
9
hhh
h
===
53. (a) If sin2 a = cos3 a
tan2 a = cosa ...(1)
Now consider, cot6 a cot2 a
62
11
tan tan
=-
aa
Since cot 1
tan
a=
a
Substituting for tan2a with cos a from (1) above
equation will be
222
333
1 1 1 cos sin tan 1
cos cos cos cos cos
=-=-a=a=a=
aaaaa
54. (b) (1 + tan q + sec q) (1 + cot q cosec q)
1 sin 1 1 cos 1
cos cos sin sin
q q + + + - q q q q
sin cos 1 sin cos 1
cos sin
q + q + q + q - q q
(sin cos )2 1 sin2 cos2 2sin cos 1
sin cos sin cos
q+q-q+q+qq-
==
qqqq
2sin cos 2
sin cos
qq
==
qq
55. (b)
sin 53 cot 65
cos37 tan 25

sin53 tan 25 sin 53 tan 25

cos37 cot 65 cos(90 53 ) cot(90 25 )

sin53 tan 25 1
sin53 tan 25
=
[Qcos (90 q) = sin q and cot (90 q) = tan q]
56. (c)
13
cos 60 sin 60 2 2 1 3 1 3
cos 60 sin 60 1 3 1 3 1 3
22
++++
==
+

2
22
(1 3) 1 3 2 3 4 2 3
1 ( 3) 1 3 2
++++
==
2(2 3) (2 3)
2
+
=-+
57. (d) 2 2
cot 5.cot10.cot15.cot 60.cot 75.cot 80 .cot 85
(cos 20 + cos 70 ) + 2
22
cot(90 85 ).cot(90 80 ).cot(90 75 ).cot 60.cot 75.cot 80 cot 85
(cos (90 70 ) + cos 70 ) + 2

1
cot 60 3 1 3 3
(1 2) 3 3 3 3 9
===
+
58. (d) Let angles are 2x, 5x and 3x.
2x + 5x + 3x = 180
(sum of interior angle of triangles is 180)
10x =18
x = 18
\ Least angle in degree = 2x = 2 18 = 36
In radian = 36
180 5
pp
=
59. (d) x = a cos q b sin q
y = b cos q + a sin q
x2 + y2 = (a cos q b sin q)2 + (b cos q + a sin q)2
a2 cos2 q + b2 sin2 q 2 ab cos q sin q + b2 cos2
q + a2 sin2 q + 2ab cos q sin q
(a2 + b2) cos2 q + (a2 + b2) sin2 q
a2 + b2 (cos2 q + sin2q)
a2 + b2. (1) a2 + b2
60. (a) tan a + cot a = 2
tan a +
12
tan
=
a tan2 a + 1 = 2 tan a
tan2 a 2 tan a + 1 = 0
tan2 a tan a tan a + 1 = 0
tan a (tan a 1) 1 (tan a 1) = 0
(tan a 1) (tan a 1) = 0
18
\ tan a = 1
Now, tan7 a + cot7 a (tan a)7 7
1112
(tan )
+=+=
a
61. (a) q = 45
q = 45
B Car
C
A
Tower
125 m
In DABC
tan
AB
BC
q = tan 45 125 1 125
BC BC
==
BC = 125 m
Hence, car is 125 m from the tower.
62. (c)
(cos sin )(cos2 sin2 sin cos )
(cos sin )
q+qq+q-qq
q+ q
+
(cos sin )(cos2 sin2 sin cos )
(cos sin )
q- q q+ q+ q q
q- q
= 2 cos2 q + 2sin2 q sin q cos q + sinq cosq
=2
63. (a)
45 60
h
DCx
A
30 m B
In DABC, tan60 =
h
x
x=
h
3 ...(1)
In D ABD, tan 45 =
h
30 + x
1=
h
30 + x or h = 30 + x
Putting value of x from (1)
h=
h
30
3
+
or
h ( 3 1)
3
-
= 30 h = 15 (3+ 3) m
64. (d) sin17 =
x
y
cos 17 =
2
2
1x
y
-=
y2 x2
y
-
sec 17 sin 73
= sec 17 cos 17
=
22
22
yyx
yxy
-
-
-
=
222
22
yyx
yyx
-+
-=22
x
yyx
2
-
65. (c) cosecq + cotq = 3
1
sin q +
cos
sin
q
q=3
1 cos
sin
+q
q=3
2cos2
2
2sin cos
22
q
qq=3
cot
2
q
=3
tan
2
q
=
1
3;
2
q
= 30; q = 60
cosec q = cosec 60 =
2
3
66. (c) cosa + sec a = 3
taking cube both sides
cos3a + sec3 a + 3 cosa seca (cosa + seca) = 3 3
cos3a + sec3 a + 3 3 = 3 3
cos3a + sec3 a = 0
67. (a) sinq + cos q = 2 cos q
sinq = ( 2 -1) cos q
cotq =
1
2 -1
cotq =
12121
2121
+
=+
-+
68. (d) (sin2 1 + sin2 89) + (sin2 2 + sin2 88) + ...
+ (sin2 44 + sin2 48) + sin2 45
= (sin2 1 + cos2 1) + (sin2 2 + cos2 2) + ...
+ (sin2 44 + cos2 44) + sin2 45
= 1 + 1 + .... + 1 (44 times) +
1
2
=
1
44
2__