Chemical Engineering

Q(1) Estimate the fugacity of

ammonia vapor at 4.0 MPa
and 321K assuming that it
obeys the RK equation of
state
:Solution
:Hint
P = 4 Mpa = 40 bar , T = 321
K

:Redlich/Kwong Equation
= 0.08664 , =
0.42748
= ,; = 1
0
, Ammonia: TC = 405.7 K
PC= 112.80 bar
Tr =( T/ TC)
Tr =(321 K /405.7 K)
Tr = 0.791
Pr =( P / Pc)
Pr = ( 40 bar / 112.80 bar)
P = 0.354

:Eq.(3.53)
= . (Pr / Tr)
= 0.08664* (0.354 / 0.791)
= 0.0387

:Eq.(3.54)
(Tr) = Tr -1/2
(Tr) = 0.791(-1/2)
(Tr) = 1.124
q = {* * (Tr)} / { * Tr}
q = { 0.42478*1.124}/
}{0.08664*0.791
q = 6.966

):Eq.(3.52

Guess: z =1
:Given
)z = 1+-q* {z-} /(z+
)(Z+

: Trail & Error for z

z
0.789
0.729
0.706
0.697
0.693
0.691
 0.690

z = 0.690
: Eq.(11.37)
lni = zi 1 ln(zi-i)-qi*Ii
:Eq.(6.65b)
I = ln(z+)/(z+)
/I=ln(0.690+1*0.0387)
(0.0387*0.690+0)
I = 0.054
:Eq.(11.37)
ln = 0.690-1-ln(0.690-
-0.0387)
0.054*6.966
= 0.773

:Eq.(11.34)
 = *P
= 0.773*40
= 30.92 bar

Q(2): For the following

system compute the species
fugacity coefficients for an
equimolar mixture at 20 bar
and 500K

Tc Pc Vc Zc yi
Propan 369. 42.5 0.2 0.27 0.15 0.
e1 9 7 1 3 4
Pentan 469. 33.7 0.31 0.26 0.26 0.
e2 8 5 1 9 9 6

y1=y2=0.5
:Solution
 The required data are as
:follows
Eq.(11.69 , 11.70 , 11.71 ,
:11.72 , 11.73 , 11.74)
ij Tcij/K Pcij/Mp Vcijx103(m3/ Zcij
a mol)
1 369. 4.257 0.2 0.2 0.1
1 9 71 53
2 469. 3.375 0.311 0.2 0.2
2 8 69 69
1 413. 3.686 0.521x10- 0.2 0.2
2 15 6 3
m3 7 11

Eqs.(3.65), (3.66), and(11.69)

:are as follows

ij Trij B0 B1 Bij/m3/mol
11 1.35 0.178 0.090 1.1833x10-
- -4

22 1.06 0.299 6.4518x1 3.4407x10-

 4 - 0-3 -4

12 1.21 0.228 6.1762x1 2.0091x10-

-1 0-2 -4

Calculating 12 according to its

:definition given
12 = 2B12 B11 B22
12 = (2)(-2.009x10-4)-(-
-1.1833x10-4)
(3.4407x10-4-)

12 = 1.5665X10-4 m3/mol

: Equations(11.63) then yield

ln1 = P/RT(B11+y2212)
bar/83.14cm3 bar/mol 20}=
x10-{K[-1.1833+0.25(1.5665)]
4
x10-6cm3/mol
ln1 = -0.03808
1 = 0.9626
ln2 = P/RT(B22+y1212)
20/83.14X500[-}=
X10-{2.3923+0.25(1.5665)]
4
X10-6cm3/mol

ln2 = -0.9625

2 = 0.9082

Q(3) Calculate the fugacity of

ethylene and propylene in a
mixture of 70 mole percent
ethylene and 30 mole percent
propylene at 600 K and 60
bar. Assume that the mixture
follows the Redlich-Kwong
.equation of state
Tc (K) Pc (bar)
Ethylene(1 283.1 51.17
)
Propylene( 365.1 46.0
2)

:Solution
RK Parameters for pure
species and mixture are
.obtained first
a1 = 0.42748R2T2c1/PcT0.5
/0.24748x(8.314)2x(238.1) =
51.17x105x6000.5
a1 =0.3179 Pa (m3/mol)2
b1 = 0.0866*R*Tc/Pc
*283.1/51.17*8.314*0.08664=
105
b1 =3.9852*10-5m3/mol
Similarly, a2= 0.6679 Pa
(m3/mol)2
b2 = 5.7172*10-5m3/mol

am = y12a1+2y1y2(a1a2)0.5+y22a22
am = 0.4094 Pa (m3/mol)2
bm =y1b1+y2b2
bm = 4.5048*10-5m3/mol
0.8847 , (b2/bm)= =(b1/bm)
1.2691

Now., solve for Z from cubic

:Eos
A= aP/(RT)2= amP/(RT)2
A=0.4094*60*105/(8.314*600)2
A=9.8713*10-2
B=BP/RT=bmP/RT
B=4.5048*10-5/8.314*600
B=5.4183*10-2
If follows ,=-1,=A-B-
B2=4.159*10-2

= -AB= -9.8713*10-
2
*5.4183*10-2
= -5.3486*10-3
p =-(/3)= -0.2917
q= 23/27-
/3+
q = -6.5558*10-2
D=q2/4+p2/27 = 1.5519*10-2
D0.5 = 1.2457*10-2
Since D> 0, one real root only
exists
Z= {-q/2+(D)0.5}1/3+{-q/2-
(D)0.5}1/3-/3
Z =0.9626
ln(Z-B)=-9.6052*10-2
ln(Z+B/Z)= 5.4761*10-2
0.5
=1.7624(a1/am)2
0.5
= 2.5546(a2/am)2

a/BRT = 1.8218

ln1 =b1/bm(Z-1)-ln(Z-B)
+am/bmRT
ln(Z+B/Z)(b1/bm-2(a1/am)0.5)
1 = 0.9757
1 = 1*y1*P
1 =40.98 bar
ln2 = b2/bm(Z-1)-ln(Z-B)
+am/bmRT(b2/bm-
2(a2/am)0.5)ln(Z+B/Z)

2 = 0.9234
2 = 2*y2*P
2 = 16.62 bar