CONTROL SYSTEM:

A control system is an interconnection of components forming a system

configuration that will provide a desired system response.

A control system is a system controlling the operation of another system.

Its a system that regulates itself and another system.

Input Process Output

Controlled Variable It is the quantity or condition that is measured

and Controlled. Normally controlled variable is the output of the control
system.
Manipulated Variable It is the quantity of the condition that is varied
by the controller so as to affect the value of controlled variable.
Control Control means measuring the value of controlled variable of
the system and applying the manipulated variable to the system to
correct or limit the deviation of the measured value from a desired
value.

TYPES OF CONTROL SYSTEM

1) Single variable and multivariable

2) Feedback control system: a system that maintains a prescribed
relationship between the output and some reference input by
comparing them and using the difference(error ) as a means of control.
Feedback can be positive or negative.
3) -Natural(universe, human body)
-Man made (aeroplanes, chemical process)

4) -manual (room temp regulation via fan, water level control)

-automatic (water heating system, room temp regulation via ac)

5) open loop and closed loop

6) servo systems : It is a feedback control system in which the output is
some mechanical position velocity or acceleration.
7) Linear (output varies linearly with input) and non linear systems( non
linear relationship between input and output).
8) Time varying (varies with time- depends on time variable) and time
invariant systems (constant with respect to time- has n time variable)
9) Continuous data (data taken continuously ) and discrete data systems
(data taken at regular intervals)
 10) Deterministic (can be expressed mathematically) and stochastic
(random)
11)Static (constant with reaspect to time) and dynamic (varies with time)
12) Siso (Single Input Single Output) and mimo(Multiple input multiple
output)
13) Causal (depends on past or present) and non causal (opposite)
14) Forced and force free
15) Autonomous and non autonomous

3)a)OPEN LOOP CONTROL SYSTEMS

Any physical system which does not automatically correct for variation in its
output is called open loop system.

Thus the output remains constant for a constant input signal provided
external conditions remain unaltered.

Output can be changed by changing the input but the variation in external
and internal parameters cause the output to change in uncontrolled manner.

they utilize a controller or a control actuator to obtain the desired response

therefore output has no effect on control, i.e. the output is neither measured
nor fed back to the input.

EXAMPLES are: washing machine, toaster, fan, microwave.

B) CLOSED LOOP SYSTEMS

In this type of system, the output is fed back to the input, this is known as
feedback.
Thus, the closed loop systems use feedback to compare the output to a
reference which is the desired response and control the output.

Examples are refrigerator, electric iron. Air conditior.

To control the output, the output is fed back to the reference input and an
actuating signal proportional to the difference of the input and the output is
sent through the system to correct the error.

Such a system is known as control system.

A control can be a single variable control system or multivariable control

system.
TRANSFER FUNCTION AND STABILITY OF
LTI SYSTEMS