Code No: RT4104A R13 Set No.

1
IV B.Tech I Semester Regular Examinations, November - 2016
OPTICAL COMMUNICATION
(Electronics and Communication Engineering)
Time: 3 hours Max. Marks: 70
Question paper consists of Part-A and Part-B
Answer ALL sub questions from Part-A
Answer any THREE questions from Part-B
*****
PARTA (22 Marks)
1. a) List out the differences between skew ray and meridional ray? [4]
b) List out the types of dispersion? [4]
c) List out the salient features of expanded beam connector? [4]
d) Define electrical and optical 3-dB bandwidth? [4]
e) Estimate the receiver front-end rise time if the 3-dB electrical bandwidth is
5MHz? [3]
f) Define a term Timing jitter? [3]
PARTB (3x16 = 48 Marks)
2. a) Calculate the number of modes at 820nm and 1.3m in a graded- index fiber
having a parabolic-index profile (=2), a 25m core radius n1 =1.48 and n2=1.46.
How does this compare to a step-index fiber? [8]
b) A step-index multimode fiber with a numerical aperture of 0.20 supports
approximately 1000 modes at an 850nm wavelength.
i) What is the diameter of its core?
ii) How many modes does the fiber supports at 1320nm?
iii) How many modes does the fiber supports at 1550nm? [8]

3. a) Write a note on glass fibers? [8]

b) An optical signal at a specific wavelength has lost 55% of its power after
traversing 3.5km of fiber. What is the attenuation in dB/km of this fiber? [8]

4. a) With neat sketch, explain the splicing techniques used in optical fiber. [8]
b) Explain about connecter loss when two optical fibers are connected. [8]

5. a) Explain the working principle of surface emitting LED. [8]

b) Explain types of noise sources in optical fiber system. [8]

6. a) Explain about digital signal transmission system. [8]

b) Explain the power launching techniques in optical fiber. [8]

7. a) List out the each component choice and their features in a point-to-point link. [8]
b) Explain how to measure attenuation in optical fiber system. [8]

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 Code No: RT4104A R13 Set No. 2
IV B.Tech I Semester Regular Examinations, November - 2016
OPTICAL COMMUNICATION
(Electronics and Communication Engineering)
Time: 3 hours Max. Marks: 70
Question paper consists of Part-A and Part-B
Answer ALL sub questions from Part-A
Answer any THREE questions from Part-B
*****
PARTA (22 Marks)
1. a) Define total internal reflection? [4]
b) Define mode field diameter? [4]
c) Define the phenomenon of Fresnel reflection? [4]
d) Define double hetero structure and show the cross sectional view? [4]
e) Draw the waveforms of given data 010110 in NRZ and Manchester coding? [3]
f) Define the term edge jitter? [3]
PARTB (3x16 = 48 Marks)
2. a) Calculate the numerical apertures of
i) a plastic step-index fiber having a core refractive index of n1=1.60 and a
cladding index of n2=1.49.
ii) a step-index fiber having a silica core (n1=1.458) and the silicone resin
cladding (n2=1.405). [8]
b) Calculate the numerical apertures of step-index fiber having n1=1.48, and
n2=1.46. What is the maximum entrance angle 0,max for this fiber if the outer
medium is air. [8]

3. a) Explain any three mechanisms of absorption in optical fiber? [8]

b) Consider an optical link consisting of a 5km long step-index fiber with core index
n1=1.49 and relative index difference =1%.
i) Find the delay difference at the fiber end between the slowest and fastest
modes.
ii) Find the RMS pulse broadening caused by inter model dispersion. [8]

4. a) Explain the affect of misalignment if two optical fibers are aligned? [8]
b) An optical fiber has a core refractive index of 1.5. Two lengths of the fiber with
smooth and perpendicular (to the core axes) end faces are butted together.
Assuming the fiber axes are perfectly aligned, calculate the optical loss in
decibels at the joint (due to Fresnel reflection) when there is a small air gap
between the fiber end faces. [8]

5. a) Explain the working principle of edge-emitting double hetero junction LED. [8]
b) Explain the photodiode pulse responses under various detector parameters. [8]

6. a) Explain types of error sources in detection mechanism. [8]

b) Explain equilibrium numerical aperture. [8]

7. a) Briefly explain the link power budget. [8]

b) List out the techniques to measure dispersion in optical fiber. Explain any one of
the technique. [8]
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 Code No: RT4104A R13 Set No. 3
IV B.Tech I Semester Regular Examinations, November - 2016
OPTICAL COMMUNICATION
(Electronics and Communication Engineering)
Time: 3 hours Max. Marks: 70
Question paper consists of Part-A and Part-B
Answer ALL sub questions from Part-A
Answer any THREE questions from Part-B
*****
PARTA (22 Marks)
1. a) Define numerical aperture? Generally what is the range of NA? [4]
b) When the mean optical power launched into an 8km length of fiber is 120w, the
mean optical power at the fiber output is 3w then determine the overall signal
attenuation or loss in decibels through the fiber assuming there are no connectors or
splices? [4]
c) If Fresnel reflection is 4% calculate the loss (dB) due to reflection? [4]
d) Draw the lambertian pattern and mention the HPBW? [4]
e) Define a quantum limit? [3]
f) Draw the eye diagram with their parts? [3]
PARTB (3x16 = 48 Marks)
2. a) A silica tube with inside and outside radii of 3 and 4mm, respectively, is to have a
certain thickness of glass deposited on the inner surface. What should be the
thickness of the glass deposition be if a fiber having a core diameter of 50m and an
outer cladding diameter of 125m is to be drawn from this perform? [8]
b) A wave is specified by y=8cos2(2t-0.8z), where y is expressed in micrometers and
the propagation constant is given in m-1. Find i) the amplitude ii) the wavelength. [8]

3. a) Explain about bending losses in optical fiber and how they can minimize? [8]
b) When the mean optical power launched into an 8km length of fiber is 120w, the
mean optical power at the fiber output is 3w. Determine
i) The overall signal attenuation or loss in decibels through the fiber assuming there
are no connectors or splices;
ii) The signal attenuation per kilometer for the fiber. [8]

4. a) Explain the working principle of expanded beam connecters? [8]

b) Two single mode fibers with mode-field diameters of 9.2 m and 8.4m are to be
connected together. Assuming no extrinsic losses, determine the loss at the
connection due to the mode-field diameter mismatch. [8]

5. a) Explain the temperature effect on avalanche gain. [8]

b) Explain the internal quantum efficiency. [8]

6. a) Explain the principle of analog receiver. [8]

b) Calculate the power coupling in PLED,STEP. [8]

7. a) Explain the advantage with line coding and also explain any one of the coding
technique with suitable diagram. [8]
b) Explain the intermodal dispersion measurement technique in time domain. [8]

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 Code No: RT4104A R13 Set No. 4
IV B.Tech I Semester Regular Examinations, November - 2016
OPTICAL COMMUNICATION
(Electronics and Communication Engineering)
Time: 3 hours Max. Marks: 70
Question paper consists of Part-A and Part-B
Answer ALL sub questions from Part-A
Answer any THREE questions from Part-B
*****
PARTA (22 Marks)
1. a) Define birefringence and fiber beat length? [4]
b) A multimode graded index fiber exhibits total pulse broadening of 0.1s over a
distance of 15kms, estimate the maximum possible bandwidth on the link assuming
no inter symbol interference? [4]
c) If two optical fibers of core reflective index 1.5 are joined with a small air gap.
Calculate the Fresnel reflection? [4]
d) Define internal and external quantum efficiency? [4]
e) Define relative intensity noise (RIN)? [3]
f) Define total distance accuracy? [3]
PARTB (3x16 = 48 Marks)

2. a) Find the core radius necessary for single mode operation at 1320nm of a step-index
fiber with n1=1.480 and n2=1.478. What are the numerical aperture and maximum
acceptance angle of this fiber? [8]
b) A manufacturer wishes to make a silica-core, step-index fiber with V=75 and a
numerical aperture NA=0.30 to be used at 820nm. If n1=1.458, what should the
core size and cladding index be? [8]

3. a) Define signal dispersion in optical fiber and explain any one of the dispersion? [8]
b) A multimode fiber with a core refractive index of 1.50, a relative refractive index
difference of 3% and an operating wavelength of 0.8m. Estimate the critical radius
of curvature at which large bending losses occur? [8]

4. a) Explain the principle of multimode fiber joints? [8]

b) Explain the need of connecter in optical fiber and list out the types of connectors? [8]

5. a) Explain the working principle of distributed feedback laser diode. [8]

b) Draw and explain the structure of InGaAs APD (avalanche photo diode). [8]

6. a) What is radiation pattern? Explain how to represent radiation pattern. [8]

b) Explain the quantum limit in optical fiber system. [8]

7. a) Explain the intermodal dispersion measurement technique in frequency domain. [8]

b) What is WDM? Explain the principle of WDM. [8]

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