B. R. H. C. E.

T 2016-
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A
PROJECT SYNOPSIS ON
ARM based Real Time Car Security System using
Face Detection Technique

SUBMITTED BY
NAME ROLL NO
BHUSHAN YEOLA 46
OMKAR SALVI 19
ANKITA PATIL 08

UNDER THE GUIDANCE OF

PROF.C.M.CHAUDHARI

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS & TELECOMMUNICATION

ENGINEERING

B. R. HARNE COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY,

KARAV,VANGANI (W) , TAL-AMBERNATH, DIST-THANE.

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(ACADEMIC YEAR 2016-2017)

B. R. HARNE COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY,

KARAV
CERTIFICATE

Certified that this report entitled ARM based Real Time Car Security
System using Face Detection Technique submitted by students of B.E.EXTC
Department in the academic year (2016-2017) towards the partial fulfillment in the
requirements in Project Stage-I.
Throughout their tenure of completion of task they have been guided and
assessed by me. Im satisfied that their contribution was proportionate, they were
satisfactorily progressive and their task is up to the standard envisaged by the
university for course.

Date: / / 2016

INTERNAL EXAMINER EXTERNAL EXAMINER

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HOD PRINCIPAL

University of Mumbai

CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that the students
1. BHUSHAN DEVIDAS YEOLA Roll No: 46
2. OMKAR VIJAY SALVI Roll No: 19
3. ANKITA ARUN PATIL Roll No: 08

has successfully completed the project work entitled

ARM based Real Time Car Security System using

Face Detection Technique
as a requirement of partial fulfillment of Degree of Bachelor of Engineering under
the University of Mumbai.

on - - 2016 at
B. R. Harne College of Engineering & Technology, Karav

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Internal Examiner External examiner

ABSTRACT
In day to day life as the population is increasing rapidly, the demand for vehicles is
also increasing. Also the problem of theft is increasing with a great speed. Hence vehicle theft
has been a severe problem around the globe along with professional thieves. The existing system
are Car alarm, flashing light techniques which makes use of different type of sensors, for
example pressure, tilt and shock and door sensors, but the drawbacks are cost and it only
prevents the vehicles from theft but can't be used to trace the thief. Recent security techniques
can be deceived by the thieves so this leads to the need for biometric authorization techniques.
Once the vehicle is lost there are no means to find it back. In this proposed system,
we are developing a vehicle security system which will automatically disable the ignition for
unauthorized drivers. The system will automatically capture the images of the person driving and
will compare them with the saved data, if he is authorized then the vehicle will be accessed and
if the person is unauthorized then he won't be able to access the car. Also facility will be
provided for the owner who will receive image of the thief via multimedia message service and
the location of the car through global system positioning. This system will enable the owner to
track the vehicle and the thief. This will prevent the vehicles from being getting stolen.

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CONTENTS

1 INTRODUCTION
2 PROPOSED WORK
3 BLOCK DIAGRAM
3.1 BLOCK DIAGRAM DESCRIPTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3.1.1 HARDWARE SPECIFICATIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
4 COMPONENT SPECIFICATION
4.1 RASPBERRY PI DEVELOPMENT BOARD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
4.2 WEBCAM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
4.3 GSM MODULE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
4.4 GPS MODULE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
5 SOFTWARE IMPLEMENTATION
5.1 TOOL CHAIN BUILDING . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
5.2 OPEN CV . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
6 ADVANTAGES, DISADVANTAGES AND APPLICATIONS
7 FUTURE SCOPE
8 REFERANCES

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INTRODUCTION
With the on-going development in the automobile industries, security of vehicles
has become an prominant issue for the developers. Around 500 vehicles are being stolen for
every one lakh users. The current security systems like car alarms, flashing lights techniques etc.
require different types of sensors which are costly by which the car theft can be prevented but
they can't be used for tracing the thieves. Vehicle the occurs not only in metropolitan areas but it
can occur in urban areas. Theft is one of the most common and oldest criminal activities. So the
manufacturers of the vehicle are attempting to improve the security features of the car. In our
project we use fingerprint sensor to match with the saved database. If the thumb print is matched
then the door will be opened or else the door will remain locked. And after matching the
fingerprint sensor, we will be using FDS (Face Detection System) ,where we will compare the
image of the driver with the predefined images. If the image of the driver does not match with
the owner of the vehicle then the image of the thief is send to the user. So the owner of the
vehicle can get the clear image of the thief through the hidden camera set inside the car. Also we
can get the exact location of our car using GPS system. The address of the location of our car is
send through SMS using GSM module. Compared to other biometric techniques advantages of
face recognition includes:

1. It doesn't require physical interaction.

2. It allows passive identification.
3. It doesn't require expert to interpret the comparison.

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T
hus, we have chosen Face Recognition as a biometric technology for security purpose.

PROPOSED WORK

In this proposed system, we will be developing a project regarding face recognition. In

this proposed work we will be developing a system that will not only recognize the driver but
also intimate the owner about the location of car. In this proposed system, we are developing a
vehicle security system which will automatically disable the ignition for unauthorized drivers.
The system will automatically capture the images of the person driving and will compare them
with the saved data, if he is authorized then the vehicle will be accessed and if the person is
unauthorized then he wont be able to access the car.

Also facility will be provided for the owner who will receive image of the thief via
multimedia message service and the location of the car through global system positioning. This
system will enable the owner to track the vehicle and the thief. This will prevent the vehicles
from being getting stolen.

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BLOCK DIAGRAM

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BLOCK DIAGRAM DESCRIPTION

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3.1.1 HARDWARE SPECIFICATIONS

Raspberry Pi 2
It is the main heart of the system it is used to control all the system. It having ARM
11Core with BCM Audio-Video Codec used to provide the GPIO's with having operating
frequency 700MHz.
The Raspberry Pi is a series of credit card-sized single-board computers developed in
the United Kingdom by the Raspberry Pi Foundation to promote the teaching of basic computer
science in schools and developing countries.
All models feature a Broadcom system on a chip (SoC), which includes
an ARM compatible central processing unit (CPU) and an on chip graphics processing
unit (GPU, a Video Core IV). CPU speed ranges from 700 MHz to 1.2 GHz for the Pi 3 and on
board memory range from 256 MB to 1 GB RAM. Secure Digital (SD) cards are used to store
the operating system and program memory in either the SDHC or Micro SDHC sizes. Most
boards have between one and four USB slots, HDMI and composite video output, and a 3.5 mm
phone jack for audio. Lower level output is provided by a number of GPIO pins which support
common protocols like IC. The B-models have an 8P8C Ethernet port and the Pi 3 has on board
Wi-Fi 802.11n and Bluetooth.
Hardware

The Raspberry Pi hardware has evolved through several versions that feature variations in
memory capacity and peripheral-device support.

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This block diagram depicts Models A, B, A+, and B+. Model A, A+, and the Pi Zero lack
the Ethernet and USB hub components. The Ethernet adapter is internally connected to an
additional USB port. In Model A, A+, and the PI Zero, the USB port is connected directly to
the system on a chip (SoC). On the Pi 1 Model B+ and later models the USB/Ethernet chip
contains a five-point USB hub, of which four ports are available, while the Pi 1 Model B only
provides two. On the Pi Zero, the USB port is also connected directly to the SoC, but it uses a
micro USB (OTG) port.

Processor

The Broadcom BCM2835 SoC used in the first generation Raspberry Pi is somewhat
equivalent to the chip used in first generation smartphones (its CPU is an
older ARMv6 architecture), which includes a 700 MHz ARM1176JZF-S processor, Video
Core IV graphics processing unit (GPU), and RAM. It has a level 1 (L1) cache of 16 KB and a
level 2 (L2) cache of 128 KB. The level 2 cache is used primarily by the GPU. The SoC
is stacked underneath the glued to RAM chip, so only its edge is visible.

The Raspberry Pi 2 uses a Broadcom BCM2836 SoC with a 900 MHz 32-bit quad-
core ARM Cortex-A7 processor (as do many current smartphones), with 256 KB shared L2
cache.

The Raspberry Pi 3 uses a Broadcom BCM2837 SoC with a 1.2 GHz 64-bit quad-
core ARM Cortex-A53 processor, with 512 KB shared L2 cache.

USB 2.0 Webcam Camera Module

It is used to take the continuous video with having frame rate 30 frames per second. It is
used for just capturing the images from the outside the world.

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DC Motor Driver L293D

It is used to drive the DC motor in all the direction control through the program ,it is also
possible to change the power supply polarity from programming. It having the 600mA current
rating.
DC Motors 300 rpm
DC motor is any of a class of electrical machines that converts direct current electrical
power into mechanical power. The most common types rely on the forces produced by magnetic
fields. Nearly all types of DC motors have some internal mechanism, either electromechanical or
electronic, to periodically change the direction of current o w in part of the motor. Most types
produce rotary motion; a linear motor directly produces force and motion in a straight line. DC
motors were the first type widely used, since they could be powered from existing direct-current
lighting power distribution systems. A DC motor's speed can be controlled over a wide range,
using either a variable supply voltage or by changing the strength of current in its field windings.
Small DC motors are used in tools, toys, and appliances. The universal motor can operate on
direct current but is a lightweight motor used for portable power tools and appliances. Larger DC
motors are used in propulsion of electric vehicles, elevator and hoists, or in drives for steel
rolling mills. The advent of power electronics has made replacement of DC motors with AC
motors possible in many applications.
In car module DC Motor is used to drive the wheels connected to the car module. Also it
is possible to control the speed of the Dc motor by using L293D DC motor driver.
Figure 3.2: DC Motor

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MMS MODULE
An MMS message can contain any combination of graphics, photographic imagery and
audio. MMS makes it possible for mobile users to send these multimedia messages from MMS-
enabled handsets or modems to other mobile users and to e-mail users. It also makes it possible
for mobile users to receive multimedia messages from other mobile users, e-mail users and from
multimedia enabled applications. The WAVECOM's Fast track M1306B MMS Module is used in
this system. This modem is used in the GPRS mode to send images of the driver. So the owner
and the police can be informed at the first time.

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COMPONENT SPECIFICATION

4.1 RASPBERRY PI DEVELOPMENT BOARD

The processor at the heart of the Raspberry Pi system is a Broadcom BCM2835 system-
on-chip (SoC) multimedia processor. This means that the vast majority of the system's
components, including its central and graphics processing units along with the audio and
communications hardware, are built onto that single component hidden beneath the 256 MB
memory chip at the centre of the board. It's not just this SoC design that makes the BCM2835
different to the processor found in your desktop or laptop, however. It also uses a different
instruction set architecture (ISA), known as ARM world. Where it excels, however, is in mobile
devices: the phone in your pocket almost certainly has at least one ARM-based processing core
hidden away inside. Its combination of a simple reduced instruction set (RISC) architecture and
low power raw make it the perfect choice over desktop chips with high power demands and
complex instruction set (CISC) architectures. The ARM-based BCM2835 is the secret of how the
Raspberry Pi is able to operate on just the5V 1A power supply provided by the on board micro-
USB port. It's also the reason why you won't find any heat-sinks on the device: the chip's low
power draw directly translates into very little waste heat, even during complicated processing
tasks. It does, however, mean that the Raspberry Pi isn't compatible with traditional PC software.

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The majority of software for desktops and laptops is built with the x86 instruction set
architecture in mind, as found in processors from the likes of AMD, Intel and VIA.
As a result, it won't run on the ARM-based Raspberry Pi. The BCM2835 uses a
generation of ARM's processor design known as ARM11, which in turn is designed around a
version of the instruction set architecture known as ARMv6. This is worth remembering: ARMv6
is a lightweight and powerful architecture, but has a rival in the more advanced ARMv7
architecture used by the ARM Cortex family of processors. Software developed for ARMv7, like
software developed for x86, is sadly not compatible with the Raspberry Pi's BCM2835-although
developers can usually convert the software to make it suitable. That's not to say you're going to
be restricted in your choices.

As you'll discover later in the book, there is plenty of software available for the ARMv6
instruction set, and as the Raspberry Pi's popularity continues to grow, that will only increase. In
this book, you'll also learn how to create your own software for the Pi even if you have no
experience with programming.

Figure 4.1: Raspberry Pi development board

.
Specification of Raspberry Pi 2:
Enhanced Quad Core Processor and 1GB RAM now provides you with the opportunity to:

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Build your own workstation - create and manage your documents and spread sheets with
ease using Libre Office
Faster and more enjoyable gaming - experience less lag and more seamless gaming in all
your favourites. Can't wait to demolish buildings in Minecraft, trigger your TNT now and
be amazed by the results!
No more buffer face - boots up Raspbian in less than half the time as the ModelB+
More power for your favourite projects - create Space Progammes, Time Lapse Videos,
GPS tracking, HD audio and lots more with a full ecosystem of supporting accessories.
All your previous Raspberry Pi projects are 100% backward compatible with the new
Raspberry Pi 2 Model B 1GB.

Technical Specifications:

Broadcom BCM2836 Arm7 Quad Core Processor powered Single Board Computer
running at 900MHz
1GB RAM
40pin extended GPIO
4 x USB 2 ports
4 pole Stereo output and Composite video port
Full size HDMI
CSI camera port for connecting the Raspberry Pi camera
DSI display port for connecting the Raspberry Pi touch screen display
Micro SD port for loading your operating system and storing data
Micro USB power source
Raspberry Pi 2 Model B Features:
Broadcom BCM2836 Arm7 Quad Core Processor powered Single Board Computer
running at 900MHz.
1GB RAM so you can now run bigger and more powerful applications.
Identical board layout and footprint as the Model B+, so all cases and 3rd party add-on
boards designed for the Model B+ will be fully compatible.
Fully HAT compatible.

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40pin extended GPIO to enhance your "real world" projects. GPIO is 100% compatible
with the Model B+ and A+ boards. First 26 pins are identical to the Model A and Model
B boards to provide full backward compatibility across all boards.
Connect a Raspberry Pi camera and touch screen display (each sold separately).
Stream and watch Hi-definition video output at 1080P.
Micro SD slot for storing information and loading your operating systems.
Advanced power management: You can now provide up to 1.2 AMP to the USB port -
enabling you to connect more power hungry USB devices directly to the Raspberry PI.
(This feature requires a 2Amp micro USB Power Supply)
10/100 Ethernet Port to quickly connect the Raspberry Pi to the Internet.
Combined 4-pole jack for connecting your stereo audio out and composite video out.

4.2 WEBCAM
It is used to take the continuous video with having frame rate 30 frames per second. It is
used for just capturing the images from the outside the world.

Figure 4.2: Webcam

Specification of Webcam:
Megapixel(MP):5
Frame rate:30fps
Video Capture:640 x 480 Pixels

4.3 GSM MODULE

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GSM (Global System for Mobile) / GPRS (General Packet Radio Service) TTL Modem
is SIM900 Quad-band GSM / GPRS device, works on frequencies 850 MHZ, 900 MHZ, 1800
MHZ and 1900 MHZ. The GPS module can receive the data by connected to Rasp-berry Pi
development-board through RS232 port.
When the Raspberry Pi sends the instruction to GPS module, the GPS module starts
receiving the data and saves it into memory. This instruction sends the region information with
the vehicle license information to the support-server centre through GSM net.
Because the system is based on GPS data which is sent through GPRS net, it must be
initiated at first. This GSM/GPRS TTL Modem has internal TCP/IP stack to enable User to
connect with internet through GPRS feature. It is suitable for SMS as well as DATA transfer
application in mobile phone to mobile phone interface.
The modem can 11 be interfaced with a Microcontroller using USART (Universal
Synchronous Asynchronous Receiver and Transmitter) feature (serial communication).

Figure 4.3: GSM Module

Feature:
Quad Band GSM/GPRS : 850 / 900 / 1800 / 1900 MHz
Built in RS232 to TTL or vice versa Logic Converter(MAX232)Configurable Baud Rate
SMA (Sub Miniature version A) connector with GSM L Type Antenna
Built in SIM (Subscriber Identity Module) Card holder
Built in Network Status LED
Inbuilt Powerful TCP / IP (Transfer Control Protocol / Internet Protocol) stack for
internet data transfer through GPRS (General Packet Radio Service)
Audio Interface Connectors (Audio in and Audio out)

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Most Status and Controlling pins are available.

4.4 GPS MODULE

GPS plays a prominent role in the present day navigation systems, starting out with
smartphones and automobiles to much complex missile guidance systems. Yes!! the GPS is
indispensable. That was, just to remind ourselves the importance of GPS and to understand how
painstaking the navigation, without GPS, will be; plotting a course, getting lost, and finally
finding the way.

Fig4.4 GPS MODULE

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Actual topic here, as the title says, is communication between the Pi and a GPS module
and there by reading the latitude and longitude. This quick learning guide will be helpful to add
position tracking to your Pi project. So lets start on the topic here.

Raspberry Pi, interfaced with a GPS module, can be used for developing an advanced
real-time navigation system. Incorporating the Pis image processing, audio processing and web
interface capabilities along with the GPS data we can develop advanced navigation schemes for
real-time implementation.

SOFTWARE IMPLEMENTATION

5.1 TOOL CHAIN BUILDING

On the Raspberry Pi Development Board we need to install Raspbean Operating
System(O.S). It is possible to connect 8GB SD card having the Image of the OS. After that it
needs to install some image processing related libraries for compilation the code. In this system
whole code is written in the new language Python. So it need to install first the Python libraries
for image processing & GPIO's.

5.2 OPEN CV
OpenCV (Open Source Computer Vision) is a library of programming functions mainly
aimed at real-time computer vision, originally developed by Intel's research centre in Nizhny
Novgorod (Russia), later supported by Willow Garage and now maintained blitseez. The library
is cross-platform and free for use under the open-source BSD license.

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ADVANTAGES, DISADVANTAGE & APPLICATION

A. Advantages:

Only authorized person can access the vehicle.

Tracing is possible in case the vehicle is stolen.

B Disadvantages:
If the saved database comprises image of only the owner, then he/she will be required each
time the vehicle will be accessed.

C Applications:
In Automobiles and other systems.

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Future Scope
The proposed Anti-theft system can be made more efficient by improving precision of
Face Recognition and adding other biometric applications like finger print recognition along with
Face Recognition feature for more secureness also by replacing GSM and GPS modems with
higher baud rate GSM and GPS modems the communication problem of the system could be
minimized.
If the owners relatives or friends want to start the vehicle it will not start. To overcome
this one, we can extend this project by storing multiple faces into the memory. If any person
wants to start the vehicle, the camera compares the persons image with the all stored images. If
the result is matched the motor will start otherwise, the unknown persons image will go to the
owners mobile. In the current project if the results are unmatched, the unknown persons image
will goes to owners mobile only.
In future we can extend this by sending the information to police control room for taking
immediate action.

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REFERENCES
1. Basic Electronics B. Ram
2. Digital Electronics R. P. Jain
3. www.alldatasheet.com
4. Electronicsforyou.com
5. Anitha Chowdary.Veeravalli, B.Ratna Kumar, ``A FINGERPRINT DETECTION
SUBSYSTEM FOR EMBEDDED SMART CAR SECURITY SYSTEM'',{\em
International Journal of Engineering and Science Research,} Volume-3/Issue-2,VLSI and
ES Branch, Department of ECE, VRS and YRN College of Engineering and Technology,
Chirala,Feb 2013.
6. Nurul Hutha.S and ArunKumar.B, ``Vehicle Monitoring and Theft Prevention System
Using ARM Cortex,''{\em International Journal of Science, Engineering and Technology
Research,} Volume 2, Issue 4,V.R.S.College of Engineering and Technology,
Arasur,Villupuram, Tamilnadu, April 2013.

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7. Shardool Patil, M. M. Sardeshmukh, ``Anti-Theft Car Tracking and Controlling Security
System based on Face Recognition,''{\em International Journal of Science and Research
(IJSR)},Volume 3 Issue 7,Sinhgad Academy of Engineering Pune, July 2014.
8. Anup Kamat, Sonali Devtarse, S.R.Nibe,``Real Time Vehicle Theft Identity and Control
System Based on ARM 7'',{\em International Journal of Advanced Research in Eduation
Technology,} Vol. 2, Issue 1,Dept. of EnTC, S.C.S.C.O.E, Ahmednagar ,Jan. - Mar. 2015
9. Ms.Radhika D.Rathi, Prof.Ashish Mulajkar, Prof.S.S.Badhe, ``ARM 9 BASED REAL
TIME CONTROL AND VEHICLE THEFT IDENTITY SYSTEM,'' {\em International
Research Journal of Engineering and Technology,} Volume: 02 Issue: 01, Pune, Mar-
2015.
10. Lokesh S K, Mr. Shrikanth Rao S K,``Design and Implementation of Automotive Vehicle
Security System,''{\em International Journal of Engineering Development and Research,}
Volume 3, Issue 2, Karnataka,2015.

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