READING COMPREHENSION TEST

Submitted by: Sarisa Keittivuti (Namo)

Volcanoes Have Various Impacts

Erupting volcanoes are powerful forces of nature that both build and destroy. For example, undersea
volcanic eruptions created the Hawaiian Islands, and to this day the Hawaiian volcano Kilauea oozes lava
into the sea, creating new coastland on the southeastern side of the Big Island of Hawaii. On the southeast
line(5) slope of the Big Island is a growing submarine volcano called Loihi, which will not breach the oceans
surface for tens of thousands of years.

Kilauea has been continuously erupting since 1983, often emitting lava flows. In contrast, other types of
volcanoes erupt quickly and violently, in huge explosions that can send up large columns of gas and ash,
rain down rocks, spew lava, and unleash pyroclastic flows large masses of hot rock fragments and gas
line(10) that speed down a volcanos slopes. These eruptions can destroy lives and property. In the continental
United States, the most recent and deadly volcanic eruption came on May 18, 1980, when Mt. St. Helens
blew its topand one whole side of the mountainkilling 60 people and leveling 600 square kilometers
(232 sq. miles) of forest.

The most powerful volcanic eruption observed in recent history was in 1815 at the Tambora volcano in
line(15) Indonesia, which produced huge pyroclastic flows and ejected large quantities of fine ash and gases into
the stratosphere. The eruption killed an estimated 60,000 people and the resulting volcanic cloud lowered
temperatures around the globe by as much as 3 degrees Celsius (5.4 degrees Fahrenheit). In parts of
Europe and North America, 1816 was known as the year without a summer, due to the cooler
temperatures.

http://qrius.si.edu/explore-science/jump/when-volcanoes-erupt

1. The word emitting in line 6 is closest in meaning to

a. give off
b. give in
c. receive
d. blow up
2.What does the word columns in line 7 is closest in meaning to?

a. cylinder
b. cloud shape
c. acreage
d. shatter

3. The word eruption in line 15 refers to what volcano?

a. Mt. St. Helen

b. Kilauea
c. Tambora
d. North America

1
 4. In what year did Mt. St. Helen blow up?

a. 1815
b. 1816
c. 1980
d. 1983

5. According to the passage, which of the following is true about the Tambora volcano?
a. The volcano produced enormous pyroclastic flows into the troposphere.
b. The eruption increase the globes temperature around 3 degrees celsius.
c. It was the strongest volcanic eruption in the year 1815.
d. It causes the year without summer in 1816.

6. Which of the following information is NOT mentioned in the passage?

a. The kilauea volcano erupts violently, fast and it spew lava.
b. In 1815, the strongest volcanic eruption happened in Indonesia.
c. The nature both created and destroy something by the volcanic eruption.
d. The volcanic eruption damage lives and properties.
7. From this passage, what can be inferred about the Kilauea volcano?

a. It is still erupting until today.

b. It erupts quickly and strongly, with huge explosion.
c. It blows up its top and some other part.
d. It doesnt creates a new island.

8. It can be inferred from the passage that other types of volcanoes except Kilauea

a. erupt every year around the goblet of fire.

b. produce enormous pyroclastic flows into the Stratosphere.
c. create island and new coastland.
d. kill more than sixty thousand people.

9.What is the main topic of the first paragraph?

a. A demonstration about how volcanoes affect the nature.

b. A description about the Kilauea.
c. A demonstration how kilauea erupts.
d. A description about the Hawaiian volcanic eruption.

10. What is the authors purpose of the passage?

a. To inform the reader about where to find volcanoes.

b. To inform the reader about the effect of volcanoes in each places.
c. To inform the reader about date and the year of volcanic eruption.
d. To inform the reader about Mt. St. Helens

2
 Why the Octopus Lost Its Shell
The ancestors of octopuses and squid once sported hard shells, but when did they lose their
"mobile homes" and become agile, soft-bodied swimmers? A new study finds that this change may have
occurred during the Jurassic and Cretaceous periods.
line(5) Squishy creatures like squid and octopuses rarely leave behind well-preserved fossils. That has
left scientists perplexed over when in the creatures' evolutionary history these cephalopods lost their
shells. Researchers have now used a mix of fossil and genetic models to solve the puzzle.
The ancestors of some modern cephalopods began to lose their shells during the so-called
Mesozoic Marine Revolution. In this period, marine reptiles, certain fishes and other predators began to
line(10) appear in the oceans, prompting prey to evolve to be more heavily armored or have other avoidance
strategies to survive, the researchers said. Some cephalopods, like belemnites, sported internal shells, or
skeletons, for instance, the scientists said.
During the revolution, "we see the demise of a number of squid and octopus ancestors with more
heavy internal shells," said study senior researcher Jakob Vinther, a paleobiologist at the University of
line(15) Bristol in the United Kingdom. "They get replaced by these much more squishy forms that we have
today, [from] around 160 [million] to 100 million years ago."
The reason? The loss of shells made the ancient relatives of the modern-day octopus, squid and
cuttlefish nimbler, a feature that likely helped these animals catch prey and evade predators, Vinther said.
Cephalopods move by compressing their bodies and jetting water out of a funnel. "Reducing the
line(20) shell to this great extent gave them an even bigger advantage than their ancient counterparts with larger
shells inside [had]," Vinther said. "These old fellows would have struggled to jet themselves away in the
same ease."

http://www.livescience.com/58063-why-the-octopus-lost-its-shell.html

1. The word perplexed in line 5 is closest in meaning to

a. baffe
b. amaze
c. clear up
d. effect

3
 2. The word evade in line 17 is closest in meaning to

a. follow
b. escape
c. fight against
d. confront

3. The word these in line 21 refers to

a. shells
b. scientists
c. cephalopods
d. ancestor

4. In what range did the scientist believe that there was a change in the octopus shell?

a. During the Cretaceous period.

b. During the Dinosaur period.
c. During the Jurassic and Cretaceous period.
d. During the fall of Jurassic and the rise of Cretaceous period.

5. From this passage, what can be inferred about the Cephalopods?

a. They evolved from octopus and cuttlefish nimbler.

b. They evolved from marine reptiles and some fishes.
c. They move by letting the water out of a funnel inside their body by compressing them.
d. They move by compressing the water into their body.

6. When did the squid and octopus lost its shell?

a. about 140 million years ago.

b. about 200 million years ago.
c. around 180 to 95 years ago.
d. around 70 million years ago.

7.Which of the following information is NOT mentioned in the passage?

a. The octopus evolve and lost its shell.

b. The cephalopod easily escape from their predator.
c. The octopus and squid once sported hard shells.
d. Squishy creatures rarely leave behind well-preserved fossils.

8. From this passage, who is Jacob Vinther?

a. student
b. professor
c. paleobiologist
d. archeologist

4
 9. It can be inferred from the passage that the researchers research about

a. How cephalopod moves and hides from their predator.

b. How octopus evolve through time.
c. How cephalopod abandon their shell.
d. How octopus relate to cephalopod.

10. What is the main topic of the first paragraph?

a. A clarification about when did octopus lost it shell.

b. A clarification about the octopus and its ancestor.
c. A description about how cephalopod move through time.
d. A description about how cephalopod relate to octopus.