Professional Documents
Culture Documents
By
Mr. Jirat Prasertmak 5861035
Ms. Paphapint Parinyapariwat 5861093
Ms. Chanakan Jindachotsiri 5861013
Ms. Duangjarin Sirijongkolthong 5861031
Ms. Milin Tanasarnsopon 5861058
1101
Presents
Mrs. Sorasaree Tonsiengsom
2016
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Table of Contents
Page
Abstract, Objective, Introduction 3
Background Information 4
- Newtons 1st Law of Motion 5
- Newtons 2nd Law of Motion 6
- Newtons 3rd Law of Motion 7
- Free Fall 8
- Aerodynamics Force 9
- Projectile Theory 10
- Impulse and Momentum 11
- Work, Power, Energy 12
- Torque 16
- Baking Soda 17
- Vinegar 18
Materials 19
Discussion of Design 22
Procedures 23
Data 31
Conclusion 32
Recommendation 32
References 33
3
Abstract
In the experiment, we create a rocket which is propelled by chemical
reaction between baking soda and vinegar that we have measured properly.
Together with physics theory, we use projectile theory to calculate long curve
movement. Also, we use different kinds of materials and design such as plastic
and wood. For the result, the rocket should hit the middle of the target in point 4
by using 13.01g of baking soda ,235mL of vinegar, 45 degrees angle, and 77.68g
of rocket which was the great success.
Introduction
In this experiment, we used baking soda and vinegar which have chemical
properties that can react with one another , then, the rocket will move. Not only
we used chemical theory ,but also physics theories which are projectile theory
and Newtons third law of motion ,and calculate it so that we can know the length
of the curve. Moreover, we designed shape of the rocket to create its balance.
Then, we collect the results and calculate them.
Objective
To determine, the relation between each chemical which are baking soda
and vinegar that can react with another to make the rocket be able to fly and hit
the target properly.
4
Background Information
"Rocket" can mean a type of engine. The word also can mean a vehicle
that uses that engine. Like most engines, rockets burn fuel. Most rocket engines
turn the fuel into hot gas. The engine pushes the gas out its back. The gas
makes the rocket move forward. A rocket is dierent from a jet engine. A jet
engine needs air to work. A rocket engine doesn't need air. It carries with it
everything it needs. A rocket engine works in space, where there is no air.
There are two main types of rocket engines. Some rockets use liquid fuel.
The main engines on the space shuttle orbiter use liquid fuel. The Russian Soyuz
uses liquid fuels. Other rockets use solid fuels. On the side of the space shuttle
are two white solid rocket boosters. They use solid fuels. Fireworks and model
rockets also fly using solid fuels.
Sir Isaac Newton first presented his three laws of motion in the "Principia
Mathematica Philosophiae Naturalis" in 1686. His first law states that every
object will remain at rest or in uniform motion in a straight line unless compelled
to change its state by the action of an external force. This is normally taken as
the definition of inertia. The key point here is that if there is no net force
resulting from unbalanced forces acting on an object (if all the external forces
cancel each other out), then the object will maintain a constant velocity. If that
velocity is zero, then the object remains at rest. And if an additional external force
is applied, the velocity will change because of the force. The amount of the
change in velocity is determined by Newton's second law of motion.
There are many excellent examples of Newton's first law involving
aerodynamics. The motion of an airplane when the pilot changes the throttle
setting of the engine is described by the first law.
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Sir Isaac Newton first presented his three law of motion in the "Principia
Mathematica Philosophiae Naturalis" in 1686. His second law defines a force to
be equal to the differential change in momentum per unit time as described by
the calculus of mathematics, which Newton also developed. The momentum is
defined to be the mass of an object m times its velocity v. So the differential
equation for force F is:
F = d(m * v) / dt
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Free Fall
Aerodynamics Force
Projectile Theory
A projectile is an object upon which the only force acting is gravity. There
are a variety of examples of projectiles. An object dropped from rest is a
projectile (provided that the influence of air resistance is negligible). An object
that is thrown vertically upward is also a projectile (provided that the influence of
air resistance is negligible). And an object which is thrown upward at an angle to
the horizontal is also a projectile (provided that the influence of air resistance is
negligible). A projectile is any object that once projected or dropped continues in
motion by its own inertia and is influenced only by the downward force of
gravity.
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If both sides of the above equation are multiplied by the quantity t, a new
equation results.
F t = m v
This equation represents one of two primary principles to be used in the analysis
of collisions during this unit. To truly understand the equation, it is important to
understand its meaning in words. In words, it could be said that the force times
the time equals the mass times the change in velocity. In physics, the quantity
Force time is known as impulse. And since the quantity mv is the momentum,
the quantity mv must be the change in momentum. The equation really says
that the
Impulse = Change in momentum
One focus of this unit is to understand the physics of collisions. The physics of
collisions are governed by the laws of momentum; and the first law that we
discuss in this unit is expressed in the above equation. The equation is known as
the impulse-momentum change equation.
12
Energy is the capacity for doing work. You must have energy to
accomplish work - it is like the "currency" for performing work. To do 100 joules
of work, you must expend 100 joules of energy.
Power is the rate of doing work or the rate of using energy, which are
numerically the same. If you do 100 joules of work in one second (using 100
joules of energy), the power is 100 watts.
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Kinetic Energy
Potential Energy
object may have the capacity for doing work as a result of its position in a
gravitational field (gravitational potential energy), an electric field (electric
potential energy), or a magnetic field (magnetic potential energy). It may have
elastic potential energy as a result of a stretched spring or other elastic
deformation.
16
Sodium Bicarbonate
Vinegar
Vinegar is a liquid consisting of about 520% acetic
acid (CH3COOH), water, and other trace chemicals, which
may include flavorings. The acetic acid is produced by the
fermentation of ethanol by acetic acid bacteria.Vinegar is
now mainly used as a cooking ingredient, or in pickling.
Commercial vinegar is produced either by a fast or a slow
fermentation processes.
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19
Materials
The Launcher
Wine Lid
Cork Digital Balance
The Reactants
Discussion of Design
Design
The pictures above are the design of the rocket which members in the
team helped each other to create. In the first picture, it can be seen that the
rocket doesnt have wings ,but after the group had done the research, they
realized that wings help the rocket to balance so that they created another one
which has 4 wings on 4 sides of the rocket. However, after they kept
experimenting, they found that the head of the rocket was too light to resist the
strong wind, so they create the final one with heavier head weight and wings.
23
Procedures
Preparing
1. Planning process - all members were helping each other to think about what
we were going to do such as when we would create a rocket, what would we
have to prepare, and how would we create the rocket. Importantly, we
separated people in to 2 groupsexperimenting and reporting.
2. For the report group, they started doing the introduction part ,and they did
some initial finding such as Newtons Law of Motion and aerodynamic so that
they could plan about the shape and design of the rocket.
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4. After everything was ready, we started to create the rocket as same as what
we designed.
5. During that time, some members were building the launcher.
25
Experiment
1. We well measured the volume of vinegar by using the measure
substance ,and put it in to the rocket.
2. Also to measure the mass of baking soda by digital balance, we put tissue on
the balance first so that it would be able to fold the baking soda.
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3. Then, after folding the baking soda with tissue, we attached it with cork by
using tape.
6. Immediately, the person put it on the launcher and waited for it to fly.
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Lab Report
1. The writing team were trying to find sources which could be the back ground
information
2. After finding all information, they put it in the document.
Presentation
1. The members were choosing and summarizing the information.She was
putting the information to the slides.
Data
Analysis of Data
The rocket called NASA Rocket. First of all, we had small amount of rocket
mass, baking soda, and vinegar. However, we found that it was too less and the
rocket didnt hit the target, also wind is another factor that made the rocket
cannot be balanced. After consulting with the lab technician, he said that we
should increase mass of the rocket, especially on the top ,so it would be more
stable in the wind, and we increased the mass and volume of reactants. During
that time, we didnt change the design and angle because we thought that it was
the best to launch, but we kept changing amount of reactants. The amount of
baking soda that we used was about 14.16g (average) and volume of vinegar
was about 238mL (average).
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Conclusion
In conclusion, the group has created the rocket called NASA Rocket which
relates to physics rules such as Newtons Law of Motion, aerodynamics,
projectile etc. As the group kept experimenting, they kept changing the amount of
reactants ,however, they were succeeded by making the rocket hit the target
point 4 which was the highest point by using 13.01g of baking soda ,235mL of
vinegar, 45 degrees angle, and 77.68g of rocket. Therefore, they kept the record
of all datas ,analyze them ,and made the report.
Recommendation
We should calculate the amount of chemical according to the ratio
first ,because it have many obstacle that happened during the experiment such
as error in amount of chemical which can make the calculating error. Also we
should prepare for a spear path ,because the rocket might be broken during the
experiment ,and it happened ,however, fortunately that we have another rocket.
Last but not least ,during the experiment the tester should wear a lab coat ,
goggle ,and glove to protect your body from chemical spill ,which can make body
feels irritable.
Members
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References
Hall, Nancy. (2015). Aerodynamic Forces. Retrieved from https://
www.grc.nasa.gov/www/k-12/airplane/presar.html.