Horizontal Flash Drum

D-201

D_v = 0.83m

L_v = 2.5m

Nomenclature Units
ut = settling velocity m/s

Lv = length m

Dv = minimum vessel diameter m

pl = liquid density kg/m^3

pv = vapour density kg/m^3

ua = settling velocity (no demister) m/s

Av = vapour flow cross sectional area m^2

uv = vapour velocity m/s

Vv = vapour volumetric flowrate m^3/s

V l = liquid volumetric flowrate m^3/s

A l = liquid flow cross sectional area m^2

v = vapour residence time s

= actual residence time s

ChemCad variable Value
pl 960.9758 kg/m^3
pv 4.5774 kg/m^3
Vv 0.4240 m^3/s
Vl 0.001132 m^3/s

1. Identify the value of the Lv / D v parameter from the operating pressure.

- Operating pressure = 2.16 bar

- Lv / D v =3

2. Calculate settling velocity ut

- ut =0.07(( pl p v )/ pv )0.5

- ut =0.07((960.97584.5774)/4.5774 )0.5

- ut =1.1055 m/s

3. Assume there is no demister

- ua=0.15u t

- ua=0.15(1.0118)

- ua=0.1518 m/ s

4. Calculate vapour flow cross sectional area Av

- A v =0.5(( (D v )2 )/4)

- A v =0.393 D2v

5. Calculate vapour velocity uv

- uv =(V v )/( A v )

- uv =0.4240/(0.393 D2v )

uv =1.0789 D(2 )
- v
6. Calculate vapour residence time v

- v =hv /ua

- h v =0.5 Dv

- v =0.5 Dv /0.1518

- v =3.294 Dv

7. Calculate actual residence time

- =Lv /uv
(2)
- =3 D v /1.0789 D v

- =2.781 D3v

8. For separation v =

- 3.294 Dv =2.781 D3v

- D v =(3.294 /2.781)0.5

- D v =1.088 m

9. Calculate liquid flow cross sectional area Al

- A l=0.5(( (D v )2 )/4)

- A l=0.5(( (1.088)2 )/4)

- A l=0.465m

10. Calculate length Lv

- Lv =3 Dv

- Lv =3(1.088)

- Lv =3.264 m

11. Calculate holdup volume

- holdup=( A l)( L v )
 - holdup=(0.465)(3.264)

- holdup=1.518

12. Calculate holdup time

- holduptime=(holdup )/(V l )

- V l=0.001132

- holduptime=(3.518)/(0.00132)

- holdup time=22.35 minutes

13. The ideal holdup time is 10 minutes, to achieve this:

- D v =0.83 m

- Lv =2 .5 m

Horizontal Flash Drum

D-202
 D_v = 1.167m

L_v = 3.5m

Nomenclature Units
ut = settling velocity m/s

Lv = length m

Dv = minimum vessel diameter m

pl = liquid density kg/m^3

pv = vapour density kg/m^3

ua = settling velocity (no demister) m/s

Av = vapour flow cross sectional area m^2

uv = vapour velocity m/s

Vv = vapour volumetric flowrate m^3/s

V l = liquid volumetric flowrate m^3/s

A l = liquid flow cross sectional area m^2

v = vapour residence time s

= actual residence time s

ChemCad variable Value

pl 905.015 9 kg/m^3
pv 3.614 0 kg/m^3
Vv 0.7525 m^3/s
Vl 0.003115 6 m^3/s

1. Identify the value of the Lv / D v parameter from the operating pressure.

- Operating pressure = 2.16 bar

- Lv / D v =3

2. Calculate settling velocity ut

0.5
- ut =0.07(( pl p v )/ pv )
0.5
- ut =0.07((905.01593.6140)/3.6140)

- ut =1.1055 m/s

3. Assume there is no demister

- ua=0.15u t

- ua=0.15(1.1055)

- ua=0.1658 m/ s

4. Calculate vapour flow cross sectional area Av

2
- A v =0.5(( (D v ) )/4)
2
- A v =0.393 D v

5. Calculate vapour velocity uv

- uv =(V v )/( A v )

- uv =0.7525/(0.393 D2v )
(2 )
- uv =1.9149 D v

6. Calculate vapour residence time v

- v =hv /ua

- h v =0.5 Dv

- v =0.5 Dv /0.1658

- v =3.0157 D v

7. Calculate actual residence time

- =Lv /uv

- =3 D v /1.9149 D(2)
v

3
- =1.5667 D v

8. For separation v =

- 3.0157 D v =1.5667 D3v

0.5
- D v =(3.0157/1.5667)

- D v =1.3874 m

9. Calculate liquid flow cross sectional area Al

- A l=0.5(( (D v )2 )/4)

- A l=0.5(( (1.3874)2 )/4)

- A l=0.7559m

10. Calculate length Lv

- Lv =3 Dv

- Lv =3( 1.3874)

- Lv =4.1622m

11. Calculate holdup volume

- holdup=( A l)( L v )

- holdup=( 0.7559)(4.1622)

- holdup=3.1462
 12. Calculate holdup time

- holduptime=(holdup )/(V l )

- V l=0.0031156

- holduptime=(3.1462)/(0.0031156)

- holdup time=16.83 minutes

13. The ideal holdup time is 10 minutes, to achieve this:

- D v =1.167 m

- Lv =3.5 m

Scrubber
C-201
 Height = 16.70m

D_c = 0.7990m

Nomenclature Units
D c = column diameter m

pl = liquid density kg/m^3

pv = vapour density kg/m^3

Lt = tray height m

mv = mass flowrate of vapour kg/h

Wv = maximum vapour velocity m/s

ChemCad variable Value

Lt 0.610 m
mv 6986.5342 kg/h
pv 4.5774 kg/m^3
pl 1125.4623 kg/m^3
Vl 12.1874 m^3/h
1. Calculate the maximum vapour velocity Wv

- W v =(0.171 L2t +0.27 Lt 0.047)(( p l pv )/ p v )0.5

- W v =(0.171(0.61)2+ 0.27(0.61)0.047)((1125.46234.5774)/4.5774 )0.5

- W v =0.8461m/ s

2. Calculate the diameter of the column Dc

0.5
(4 mv )/( ( p v )(W v ))
- Dc =

(4 (6986.5342/3600))/( (4.5774)(0.8461))0.5
- Dc =

- D c =0.7990 m

3. Calculate skirt height

- Skirt height = 1.5 Dc

- Skirt height = 1.5 (0.7990)
- Skirt height = 1.1985m

4. Calculate number of trays

- Nr. of trays = 10(0.61)/0.5

- Nr. of trays = 12.2 m

5. Calculate liquid sump height

- Sump height = V l (5)(60)

- Sump height = (12.1874 /3600)(5)(60)

- Sump height = 1.0156 m

6. Find vapour displacement height, from Coulson Richardson we can assume this is 2.286m

7. Calculate height of column

- Height = (Nr. of trays) + (sump height) + (skirt height) + (vapour displacement height)
- Height = 12.2 + 1.0156 +1.1985 + 2.286
- Height = 16.70m
Scrubber
C-202

Height = 17.01m

D_c = 1.135m

Nomenclature Units
D c = column diameter m

pl = liquid density kg/m^3

 pv = vapour density kg/m^3

Lt = tray height m

mv = mass flowrate of vapour kg/h

Wv = maximum vapour velocity m/s

ChemCad variable Value

Lt 0.610 m
mv 11925.87 kg/h
pv 3.6775 kg/m^3
pl 999.3663 kg/m^3
Vl 9.827 5 m^3/h

1. Calculate the maximum vapour velocity Wv

- W v =(0.171 L2t +0.27 Lt 0.047)(( p l pv )/ p v )0.5

2 0.5
- W v =(0.171(0.61) + 0.27(0.61)0.047)((999.36633.6775)/3.6775)

- W v =0.8897 m/s

2. Calculate the diameter of the column Dc

0.5
(4 mv )/( ( p v )(W v ))
- D c =
0.5
(4 (11925.87 /3600))/( (3.6775)(0.8897))
- D c =

- D c =1.135 m

3. Calculate skirt height

- Skirt height = 1.5 Dc

- Skirt height = 1.5 (1.135)
- Skirt height = 1.7025m

4. Calculate number of trays

 - Nr. of trays = 10(0.61)/0.5

- Nr. of trays = 12.2 m

5. Calculate liquid sump height

- Sump height = V l (5)(60)

- Sump height = (9.8275/3600)(5)(60)

- Sump height = 0.8190 m

6. Find vapour displacement height, from Coulson Richardson we can assume this is 2.286m

7. Calculate height of column

- Height = (Nr. of trays) + (sump height) + (skirt height) + (vapour displacement height)
- Height = 12.2 + 0.8190 +1.7025 + 2.286
- Height = 17.0075m

Distillation Column
C-203

Height = 28.5817m
 D_c = 0.4696m

Nomenclature Units
D c = column diameter m

pl = liquid density kg/m^3

pv = vapour density kg/m^3

Lt = tray height m

mv = mass flowrate of vapour kg/h

Wv = maximum vapour velocity m/s

ChemCad variable Value

Lt 0.610 m
mv 2175.8425 kg/h
pv 4.2499 kg/m^3
pl 984.0154 kg/m^3
Vl 14.2960 m^3/h

1. Calculate the maximum vapour velocity Wv

- W v =(0.171 L2t +0.27 Lt 0.047)(( p l pv )/ p v )0.5

- W v =(0.171(0.61)2+ 0.27(0.61)0.047)((984.01544.2499)/4.2499)0.5

- W v =0.8210 m/s
2. Calculate the diameter of the column Dc

0.5
(4 mv )/( ( p v )(W v ))
- D c =

(4 (2175.8425/3600))/( (4.2499)(0.8210))0.5
- Dc =

- Dc =0.4696 m

3. Calculate skirt height

- Skirt height = 1.5 Dc

- Skirt height = 1.5 (0.4696)
- Skirt height = 0.7044m

4. Calculate number of trays

- Nr. of trays = 20(0.61)/0.5

- Nr. of trays = 24.4 m

5. Calculate liquid sump height

- Sump height = V l (5)(60)

- Sump height = (14.2960/ 3600)(5)(60)

- Sump height = 1.1913 m

6. Find vapour displacement height, from Coulson Richardson we can assume this is 2.286m

7. Calculate height of column

- Height = (Nr. of trays) + (sump height) + (skirt height) + (vapour displacement height)
- Height = 24.4 + 1.1913 +0.7044 + 2.286
- Height = 28.5817m
Pump
P-201

Nomenclature Units
V l = volumetric flowrate m^3/h

np = pump efficiency ------

P = power MJ/h

P = change in pressure across pump Pa

ChemCad variable Value

Vl 4.6931 m3 /h
P 160000 Pa
P 1.4734 MJ/h

1. Find the volumetric flowrate from ChemCad

- V l=4.6931

2. From this read efficiency from pump efficiency graph

- For V l=4.6931
- n p =51

- n p =0.51

3. Calculate power

- P=( P)(V l )/n p

- P=(160000)( 4.6931)/0.51

- P=1.4723 MJ /h

4. Compare with ChemCad value of P=1.4734 MJ /h this confirms output power.

Pump
P-202

Nomenclature Units
V l = volumetric flowrate m^3/h

np = pump efficiency ------

P = power MJ/h

P = change in pressure across pump Pa

ChemCad variable Value

Vl 11.8480 m3 /h
P 424 000 Pa
P 8.1083 MJ/h

1. Find the volumetric flowrate from ChemCad

- V l=11.8480

2. From this read efficiency from pump efficiency graph

- For V l=11.8480
- n p =62

- n p =0.62

3. Calculate power
 - P=( P)(V l )/n p

- P=(424000)(11.8480)/ 0.62

- P=8.1025 MJ /h

4. Compare with ChemCad value of P=8.1083 MJ /h this confirms output power.

Pump
P-203

Nomenclature Units
V l = volumetric flowrate m^3/h

np = pump efficiency ------

P = power MJ/h

P = change in pressure across pump Pa

ChemCad variable Value

Vl 3
25.2888 m /h
P 13 0000 Pa
P 5.1405 MJ/h

1. Find the volumetric flowrate from ChemCad

- V l=25.2888
 2. From this read efficiency from pump efficiency graph

- For V l=25.2888
- n p =64

- n p =0.64

3. Calculate power

- P=( P)(V l )/n p

- P=(130000)( 25.2888)/0.64

- P=5.1368 MJ /h

4. Compare with ChemCad value of P=5.1405 MJ /h this confirms output power.

Pump
P-204

Nomenclature Units
V l = volumetric flowrate m^3/h

np = pump efficiency ------

P = power MJ/h
P = change in pressure across pump Pa

ChemCad variable Value

Vl 3
11.2160 m /h
P 20 000 Pa
 P 0.3563 MJ/h

1. Find the volumetric flowrate from ChemCad

- V l=11.2160

2. From this read efficiency from pump efficiency graph

- For V l=11.2160
- n p =63

- n p =0.63

3. Calculate power

- P=( P)(V l )/n p

- P=(20000)( 11.2160)/0.63

- P=0.3561 MJ /h

4. Compare with ChemCad value of P=0.3563 MJ /h this confirms output power.

Pump
P-205

Nomenclature Units
V l = volumetric flowrate m^3/h
 np = pump efficiency ------

P = power MJ/h
P = change in pressure across pump Pa

ChemCad variable Value

Vl 1.0095 m3 /h
P 80 000 Pa
P 0.2020 MJ/h

1. Find the volumetric flowrate from ChemCad

- V l=1.0095

2. From this read efficiency from pump efficiency graph

- For V l=1.0095
- n p =40

- n p =0.4

3. Calculate power

- P=( P)(V l )/n p

- P=(80000)(1.0095)/0.40

- P=0.2020 MJ /h

4. Compare with ChemCad value of P=0.2020 MJ /h this confirms output power.