Introduction:

The membrane is one of the organelles located on the surface of the cell, it's act like a
gatekeeper. It made up of the phospholipid bilayer that will determine which materials should
be pass through the membrane. The movement of molecules diffusion between outside and
inside the cell can be determined into two; Passive transport and the active transport. Passive
transport is the movement of the particles moving down the gradients and the active transport
is when the particles move upwards the gradients which provide the ATP or the energy.
Passive transport could lead to two diffusions which are Simple and Facilitated diffusion.
Simple Diffusion occur with the small and non-polar particles; don't have charge, it will flow
through the Gradients. Osmosis occurred at this stage because of the common nonpolar
particles is water which is easily pass through the membranes. The another type is diffusion is
the facilitated diffusion that provides the help of proteins as a channel of transport because
the particles are too large and specific that have to part through the specific type of protein
(Passive transport and active transport across a cell membrane article, 2014).Osmosis is when
solutions are in the same or different concentration between inside and outside the cell which
is separated by the semi-permeable membrane; according to Wood, 2015, p.1 "Membrane that
only allows certain types of particles to move through it under certain conditions" The
permeable membrane will choose the smaller molecules which are solvent; water, to diffuse
through low to high concentration (Nave, n.d.). Osmosis leads to the area of Tonicity.
Tonicity is the enviroments of the concentration which will explain the both side of the cell
membrane ( Port, 2016). Tonicity leads to 3 types of concentration which are the hypertonic
solution, hypotonic solution, and isotonic solution. The Hypertonic solution is a solution
which has more solute compare to another (Hypertonic solution, 2008). The Hypotonic
solution is the solution that has less concentration compare to another (Hypotonic solution,
2008) and the Isotonic solution is when the 2 solution that has the same concentration
opposite the semi-permeable membrane (Brundage, n.d). Cells will act differently toward
different types of Tonicity. If the cell is in the hypotonic solution which means the
concentration outside the cell is lower compared to the cell. In another word, contain more
water. The water will enter the cell until the concentration reaches the equilibrium. Which
may cause the cell to swell or bursts. If the cell is in the hypertonic solution which contains
more concentration. The cell will exceed the water outside to make the concentration
equilibrium which leads to the shrunk of the cell. Lastly, the cell in isotonic solution. The
water that exceeds the cell and enters the cell will be equal and the shape of the cell will
remain as normal (Lui, 2013).
An experiment which will be conducted will lead to the field of the osmosis and tonicity. The
experiment will be using the potato and jelly as the sample to test the reaction of each on the
different types of tonicity solution. First, we used 3 pieces of each sample; 3 pieces potato
chop and 3 pieces of jelly. Weighing of each sample will be done before the experiment.
Samples will be put in each type of tonicity; Hypotonic and hypertonic solution. One piece of
potato and jelly will be put in each type of solution in the separate beaker. Each type of
solution will contain salt water and distilled water. Salt water will represent as the hypertonic
solution and distilled water will be represented as the hypotonic solution. The sample will be
leave in the solution for one hour then there need to be out from the solution to weight. Then
the learner will able compare the pre-experiment weight and post-experiment weight of each
sample. Which will recognize the change of the sample by the reaction of osmosis also
recognize by the appearance because of the cell could be enlarged and smaller. The purpose

Samaphoo Assametankul 5961068

of this experiment is to help the learners understand the reaction of osmosis toward the
different type of concentration. And how the changes of sample relate to the tonicity.

Reference:
Brundage, A. (n.d.). Isotonic Solution: Definition & Example - Video & Lesson Transcript.
Retrieved March 09, 2017, from http://study.com/academy/lesson/isotonic-solution-
definition-example-quiz.html
Hypertonic solution. (2008, August 3). Retrieved March 09, 2017, from http://www.biology-
online.org/dictionary/Hypertonic_solution
Hypotonic solution. (2008, August 3). Retrieved March 09, 2017, from http://www.biology-
online.org/dictionary/Hypertonic_solution
Lui, J. (2013, April 3). Isotonic, Hypotonic, & Hypertonic Solutions. Retrieved March 09,
2017, from https://www.sophia.org/tutorials/isotonic-hypotonic-hypertonic-solutions
Nave, R. (n.d.). Diffusion. Retrieved March 09, 2017, from http://hyperphysics.phy-
astr.gsu.edu/hbase/Kinetic/diffus.html
Passive transport and active transport across a cell membrane article. (2014, October 20).
Retrieved March 09, 2017, from https://www.khanacademy.org/test-prep/mcat/cells/transport-
across-a-cell-membrane/a/passive-transport-and-active-transport-across-a-cell-membrane-
article
Port, T. (2016, March). Diffusion, Osmosis & Tonicity. Retrieved March 09, 2017, from
http://www.scienceprofonline.org/chemistry/diffusion-osmosis-tonicity-effect-osmotic-
pressure-on-cells.html
Wood, D. (2015, February). Semipermeable Membrane: Definition & Overview - Video &
Lesson Transcript. Retrieved March 09, 2017, from
http://study.com/academy/lesson/semipermeable-membrane-definition-lesson-quiz.html

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